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>Economy</a> <a class="sub-nav__link" href="https://www.radiofarda.com/" title="Radio Farda" >Radio Farda</a> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="wrap area-pg-title "> <div class="container"> <h1 class="pg-title"> Iran </h1> </div> </div> <div class="container" id="wrowblock-40496_73" > <div class="row" id="wrowblock-40496_49" > <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12 wg-area-4c" id="wrowblock-40496_50" > <div class="media-block-wrap" id="wrowblock-40496_51" data-area-id=R1_1> <div class="wsw"> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="wsw__embed"> <div class="infgraphicsAttach" > <script type="text/javascript"> initInfographics( { groups:[], params:[], isMobile:true }); </script> <style> #GR-2107 { background-image: url(https://gdb.rferl.org/051f0000-0aff-0242-2916-08da188eb35b_w1232.jpg); background-color: #599fc0; background-position: 40% center; height: 100px; position: relative; -webkit-box-align: start; -ms-flex-align: start; -ms-grid-row-align: flex-start; align-items: flex-start; } #GR-2107 h5 { color: #ffffff; font-size: 25px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 70%; text-align: left; line-height: 110%; text-transform: uppercase; } #GR-2107 h6 { color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 40%; text-align: left; line-height: 110%; } #GR-2107 h6 span { display: inline-block; } @media (min-width: 600px) { #GR-2107 { height: 150px; } #GR-2107 h5 { font-size: 30px; margin-left: 16px; } #GR-2107 h6 { font-size: 17px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 50%; } } @media (min-width: 1000px) { #GR-2107 { background-position: right 0; } #GR-2107 h5 { font-size: 40px; } } </style> <link href="https://docs.rferl.org/branding/cdn/html_banners/banners-styles.css" rel="stylesheet"> <div id="GR-2107" class="banner banner--cover"> <h5 class="font-2">Farda</h5> <h6 class="font-2">Life Inside Iran</h6> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container" id="wrowblock-40408_77" > <div class="row" 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