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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization_of_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Organization of House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization_of_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disputes_in_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disputes_in_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Disputes in 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disputes_in_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Other duties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" 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href="#Legislative_Computer_Systems_(LCS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Legislative Computer Systems (LCS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_Computer_Systems_(LCS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_Resource_Center_(LRC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_Resource_Center_(LRC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Legislative Resource Center (LRC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_Resource_Center_(LRC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Legislative information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_disclosure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_disclosure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Public disclosure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_disclosure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_membership_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_membership_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>House membership information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_membership_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_for_congressional_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_congressional_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.4</span> <span>Support for congressional offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_congressional_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_Art_and_Archives_&_Office_of_the_Historian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_Art_and_Archives_&_Office_of_the_Historian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Office of Art and Archives & Office of the Historian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_Art_and_Archives_&_Office_of_the_Historian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_House_Employment_Counsel_(OHEC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_House_Employment_Counsel_(OHEC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Office of House Employment Counsel (OHEC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_House_Employment_Counsel_(OHEC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_Legislative_Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_Legislative_Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Office of Legislative Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_Legislative_Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bill_clerks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bill_clerks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.1</span> <span>Bill clerks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bill_clerks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_clerks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_clerks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.2</span> <span>Journal clerks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_clerks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tally_clerks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tally_clerks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.3</span> <span>Tally clerks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tally_clerks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enrolling_clerks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enrolling_clerks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.4</span> <span>Enrolling clerks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enrolling_clerks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reading_clerks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reading_clerks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.5</span> <span>Reading clerks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reading_clerks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_Publication_Services_(OPS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_Publication_Services_(OPS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Office of Publication Services (OPS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_Publication_Services_(OPS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_reporters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_reporters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Official reporters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_reporters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chief record-keeper of the House</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Clerk of the House of Representatives" redirects here. For the Australian office, see <a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Clerk of the Australian House of Representatives">Clerk of the Australian House of Representatives</a>. For the New Zealand office, see <a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives">Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Clerk of the United States House of Representatives</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Clerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_logo.svg/250px-Clerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Clerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_logo.svg/375px-Clerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Clerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_logo.svg/500px-Clerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="58" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of the clerk of the United States House of Representatives</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_McCumber_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Kevin_McCumber_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCumber" title="Kevin McCumber">Kevin McCumber</a><br /></div>since July 1, 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Clerk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nominator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">Elected by the House</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pleasure of the House<br />(nominally a two-year Congress)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Beckley" class="mw-redirect" title="John Beckley">John Beckley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reading_Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clerk.house.gov/">clerk<wbr />.house<wbr />.gov</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5131884#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>clerk of the United States House of Representatives</b> is an officer of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, whose primary duty is to act as the chief record-keeper for the House. </p><p>Along with the other House officers, the clerk is elected every two years when the House organizes for a new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>. The majority and minority <a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucus" title="Congressional caucus">caucuses</a> nominate candidates for the House officer positions after the election of the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a>. The full House adopts a <a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">resolution</a> to elect the officers, who will begin serving after they have taken the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">oath of office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_5:_Speaker_and_other_officers;_Impeachment" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">House Officers and Impeachment Clause of Article I, Section II</a> states "The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Article_Six_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Oaths" title="Article Six of the United States Constitution">Oath or Affirmation Clause of Article VI</a> provides that "all ... <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Officer of the United States">Officers ... of the United States</a> ... shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pursuant to Article VI, the <a href="/wiki/1st_United_States_Congress" title="1st United States Congress">1st United States Congress</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a> (that remains in effect) which provides that "...the oath or affirmation [required by the sixth article of the Constitution of the United States]… shall be administered ... to the [C]lerk".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The incumbent clerk is <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCumber" title="Kevin McCumber">Kevin McCumber</a>. He was elected to replace <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Johnson" title="Cheryl Johnson">Cheryl Johnson</a> following her resignation on June 30, 2023, during the <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lisa Grant is a deputy clerk of the House.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution of the United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> states in <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article 1</a>, Section 2, “The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers...” On April 1, 1789, when the House of Representatives convened with its first <a href="/wiki/Quorum#United_States" title="Quorum">quorum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its initial order of business was the election of the speaker, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg">Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg</a>, a representative from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. The next order of business was the election of the clerk, <a href="/wiki/John_J._Beckley" title="John J. Beckley">John Beckley</a> of Virginia. </p><p>The first five clerks of the House also served as <a href="/wiki/Librarian_of_Congress" title="Librarian of Congress">Librarian of Congress</a>, which became a separate position in 1815. <a href="/wiki/South_Trimble" title="South Trimble">South Trimble</a>, a former Representative from Kentucky, who served as clerk from 1911 to 1919 and again from 1931 to 1946, is the longest-tenured clerk in House history.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties">Duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Category:United States House of Representatives">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House<br />of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Great Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a><figcaption>Great Seal of the United States House of Representatives</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="History of the United States House of Representatives">History of the House</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding:0.25em;"> Members</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">Current members</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Seniority in the United States House of Representatives">by seniority</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">non-voting</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of former members of the United States House of Representatives">Former members</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Hill_committee" title="Hill committee">Hill committees</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">DCCC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Congressional_Committee" title="National Republican Congressional Committee">NRCC</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">Women in the House</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">list of speakers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="List of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives elections">list of elections</a>)</li></ul></div></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Party leaders</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Republican_Conference" title="House Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding:0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">Apportionment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Huntington%E2%80%93Hill_method" title="Huntington–Hill method">Huntington–Hill method</a>)</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redistricting_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Redistricting in the United States">Redistricting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering_in_the_United_States" title="Gerrymandering in the United States">Gerrymandering</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_ticket" title="General ticket">General ticket</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Plural_district" title="Plural district">Plural district</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding:0.25em;"> Politics and procedure</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Whole_(United_States_House_of_Representatives)" title="Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives)">Committee of the Whole</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Closed session of the United States Congress">Closed session</a> (<a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Closed sessions of the United States House of Representatives">list</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_committee" title="United States congressional committee">Committees</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_House_of_Representatives_committees" title="List of United States House of Representatives committees">list</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Procedures_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Procedures of the United States House of Representatives">Procedures</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origination_Clause" title="Origination Clause">Origination Clause</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Quorum_call" title="Quorum call">Quorum call</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unanimous_consent" title="Unanimous consent">Unanimous consent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Salaries_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Salaries of members of the United States Congress">Salaries</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">Articles of impeachment</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-executing_rule" title="Self-executing rule">Self-executing rule</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_rules_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Suspension of the rules in the United States Congress">Rules suspension</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding:0.25em;"> Places</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_buildings" title="Congressional office buildings">House office buildings</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Cannon_House_Office_Building" title="Cannon House Office Building">Cannon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_House_Office_Building" title="Ford House Office Building">Ford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Longworth_House_Office_Building" title="Longworth House Office Building">Longworth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_House_Office_Building" title="O'Neill House Office Building">O'Neill</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rayburn_House_Office_Building" title="Rayburn House Office Building">Rayburn</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Template:United States House of Representatives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Template talk:United States House of Representatives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States House of Representatives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organization_of_House">Organization of House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization of House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the newly elected members of the House gather on January 3, it is the clerk of the House who summons Representatives and convenes the new Congress for the first time. Accordingly, the clerk calls the House to order by <a href="/wiki/Gavel" title="Gavel">gaveling</a> it into session. After a prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, the clerk then calls the roll of representatives-elect, which is done as an electronic quorum call in the modern era, and then oversees the election of a speaker. During these processes, the clerk must "preserve order and decorum and decide all questions of order," which is subject to appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-CRSFirstDay_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRSFirstDay-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Speaker is then sworn in, takes the chair, administers oaths to the rest of the members-elect, and the House then proceeds with other business. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disputes_in_19th_century">Disputes in 19th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Disputes in 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, the power of the preceding House clerk to organize the House played a significant role at the beginning of several congresses.<sup id="cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jenkinsstewart-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the 1838 elections, at the first meeting of the <a href="/wiki/26th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Congress">26th Congress</a> in December 1839, House Clerk Hugh Garland omitted the names of five <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whigs</a> from New Jersey from the roll call. After days of debate, the Whigs were not seated, effectively creating a Democratic majority in a closely divided House. Only then was the roll call completed and a Speaker elected.<sup id="cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jenkinsstewart-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15–17">: 15–17 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1863, at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/38th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Congress">38th Congress</a> during the Civil War, House Clerk <a href="/wiki/Emerson_Etheridge" title="Emerson Etheridge">Emerson Etheridge</a> called the roll, excluding 16 members from five pro-Union states (Maryland, Missouri, West Virginia, Kansas, and Oregon) while including three members from Louisiana.<sup id="cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jenkinsstewart-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 24">: 24 </span></sup> The effort failed, a motion was made to add the missing delegations, and a Speaker was then elected.<sup id="cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jenkinsstewart-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_McPherson" title="Edward McPherson">Edward McPherson</a> was then elected to replace Etheridge as clerk for the 38th Congress. </p><p>Two years later, in December 1865 as the path of <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a> was being determined, McPherson omitted the names of members-elect from Tennessee, Virginia, and Louisiana from the roll for the <a href="/wiki/39th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="39th Congress">39th Congress</a>, and allowed no interference or interruption during his call. After heated debate, in which a member-elect from Tennessee tried to gain floor recognition but was denied, a motion was made by <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a> to proceed to the election of Speaker, which was eventually agreed to.<sup id="cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jenkinsstewart-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26–27">: 26–27 </span></sup> This enabled the <a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a> to firmly control Congress, ultimately imposing stricter conditions on readmission of Southern states and enabling Congress to override many vetoes from President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_duties">Other duties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Federal law requires the clerk to notify each state government of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">number of seats apportioned</a> to the state no later than January 25 of the year immediately following each <a href="/wiki/Decennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Decennial">decennial</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">census</a>. </p><p>Rule II of the <a href="/wiki/Procedures_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Procedures of the United States House of Representatives">House Rules</a> requires the clerk to: </p> <ul><li>prepare the roll of Members-elect.</li> <li>call the Members-elect to order at the commencement of each Congress; to call the roll of Members-elect, and, pending the election of the Speaker, to preserve order and decorum; and to decide all questions of order.</li> <li>prepare and distribute at the beginning of every session a list of reports required to be made to Congress.</li> <li>note all questions of order, and decisions thereon, and to print these as an appendix to the Journal of each session of the House.</li> <li>prepare and print the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Journal" title="United States House Journal">House Journal</a> after each session of Congress, and to distribute the Journal to Members and to the <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">executive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">legislature of each State</a>.</li> <li>attest and affix the seal of the House to all writs, warrants, and subpoenas and formal documents issued by the House.</li> <li>certify the passage by the House of all bills and joint resolutions.</li> <li>receive messages from the President and the Senate when the House is not in session.</li> <li>prepare and deliver messages to the Senate and otherwise as requested by the House.</li> <li>retain, in the official library, a permanent set of the books and documents generated by the House.</li> <li>manage the office and supervise the staff of any vacant Member (the vacancy may have occurred by <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress" title="Expulsion from the United States Congress">expulsion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resignation" title="Resignation">resignation</a>, or death) until a <a href="/wiki/List_of_special_elections_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives">successor is elected</a>.</li></ul> <p>In addition, the clerk: </p> <ul><li>acts as custodian of all noncurrent records of the House, pursuant to Rule VII.</li> <li>is responsible, under the supervision and direction of the U.S. House of Representatives Fine Arts Board, for the administration, maintenance, and display of the works of fine art and other similar property of the Congress for display or for other use in the House wing of the Capitol, the House Office Buildings, or any other location under the control of the House (P.L. 100-696). In addition, pursuant to the rules of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Preservation_Commission" title="United States Capitol Preservation Commission">United States Capitol Preservation Commission</a>, the clerk may be asked to provide staff support and assistance to the commission.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 1, 1789, the House of Representatives convened with its first quorum. Its initial order of business was the election of the speaker, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Conrad_Muhlenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg">Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg</a>, a representative from Pennsylvania. The next order of business was the election of the clerk, <a href="/wiki/John_Beckley" class="mw-redirect" title="John Beckley">John Beckley</a> of Virginia. Although the clerk's title is derived from that of the clerk of the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">British House of Commons</a>, the duties are similar to those prescribed for the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Secretary of the Continental Congress</a> in March 1785. </p><p>In addition to the duties involved in organizing the House and presiding over its activities at the commencement of each Congress, the clerk is charged with a number of legislative functions; some of these, such as the constitutional requirement of maintaining the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Journal" title="United States House Journal">House Journal</a>, have existed from the time of the <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="First United States Congress">first Congress</a>, whereas others have been added over the years because of changes in procedure and organization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_clerks">List of clerks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of clerks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">State </th> <th scope="col">Years </th></tr> <tr> <td>1a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_J._Beckley" title="John J. Beckley">John Beckley</a> </td> <td>Virginia </td> <td>1789–1797 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Condy" title="Jonathan Condy">Jonathan Condy</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1797–1799 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>John Holt Oswald </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1799–1801 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1b </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_J._Beckley" title="John J. Beckley">John Beckley</a> </td> <td>Virginia </td> <td>1801–1807 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Magruder" title="Patrick Magruder">Patrick Magruder</a> </td> <td>Maryland </td> <td>1807–1815 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Thomas Dougherty </td> <td>Kentucky </td> <td>1815–1822 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matthew_St._Clair_Clarke" title="Matthew St. Clair Clarke">Matthew Clarke</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1822–1833 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_S._Franklin_(politician)" title="Walter S. Franklin (politician)">Walter Franklin</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1833–1838 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_A._Garland" title="Hugh A. Garland">Hugh Garland</a> </td> <td>Virginia </td> <td>1838–1841 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6b </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matthew_St._Clair_Clarke" title="Matthew St. Clair Clarke">Matthew Clarke</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1841–1843 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caleb_J._McNulty" title="Caleb J. McNulty">Caleb J. McNulty</a> </td> <td>Ohio </td> <td>1843–1845 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_French" title="Benjamin Brown French">Benjamin Brown French</a> </td> <td>New Hampshire </td> <td>1845–1847 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Campbell" title="Thomas Jefferson Campbell">Thomas Campbell</a> </td> <td>Tennessee </td> <td>1847–1850 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Young" title="Richard M. Young">Richard M. Young</a> </td> <td>Illinois </td> <td>1850–1851 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Weiss_Forney" title="John Weiss Forney">John Weiss Forney</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1851–1856 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Cullom" title="William Cullom">William Cullom</a> </td> <td>Tennessee </td> <td>1856–1857 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_C._Allen" title="James C. Allen">James C. Allen</a> </td> <td>Illinois </td> <td>1857–1860 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13b </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Weiss_Forney" title="John Weiss Forney">John Weiss Forney</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1860–1861 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Etheridge" title="Emerson Etheridge">Emerson Etheridge</a> </td> <td>Tennessee </td> <td>1861–1863 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_McPherson" title="Edward McPherson">Edward McPherson</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1863–1875 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Madison_Adams" title="George Madison Adams">George Adams</a> </td> <td>Kentucky </td> <td>1875–1881 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17b </td> <td>Edward McPherson </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1881–1883 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Bullock_Clark_Jr." title="John Bullock Clark Jr.">John Clark</a> </td> <td>Missouri </td> <td>1883–1889 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17c </td> <td>Edward McPherson </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1889–1891 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Kerr_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Kerr (Pennsylvania politician)">James Kerr</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1891–1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_McDowell" title="Alexander McDowell">Alexander McDowell</a> </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td>1895–1911 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Trimble" title="South Trimble">South Trimble</a> </td> <td>Kentucky </td> <td>1911–1919 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Tyler_Page" title="William Tyler Page">William Tyler Page</a> </td> <td>Maryland </td> <td>1919–1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22b </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Trimble" title="South Trimble">South Trimble</a> </td> <td>Kentucky </td> <td>1931–1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>Harry Newlin Megill </td> <td>Maryland </td> <td>1946–1947 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>John Andrews </td> <td>Massachusetts </td> <td>1947–1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ralph_R._Roberts" title="Ralph R. Roberts">Ralph Roberts</a> </td> <td>Indiana </td> <td>1949–1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td>Lyle Snader </td> <td>Illinois </td> <td>1953–1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26b </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ralph_R._Roberts" title="Ralph R. Roberts">Ralph Roberts</a> </td> <td>Indiana </td> <td>1955–1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/W._Pat_Jennings" title="W. Pat Jennings">Pat Jennings</a> </td> <td>Virginia </td> <td>1967–1975 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td>Edmund Henshaw </td> <td>Virginia </td> <td>1975–1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td>Benjamin Guthrie </td> <td>Virginia </td> <td>1983–1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td>Donnald Anderson </td> <td>California </td> <td>1987–1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robin_H._Carle" title="Robin H. Carle">Robin H. Carle</a> </td> <td>Idaho </td> <td>1995–1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Trandahl" title="Jeff Trandahl">Jeff Trandahl</a> </td> <td>South Dakota </td> <td>1999–2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_L._Haas" title="Karen L. Haas">Karen L. Haas</a> </td> <td>Maryland </td> <td>2005–2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Miller" title="Lorraine Miller">Lorraine Miller</a> </td> <td>Texas </td> <td>2007–2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34b </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_L._Haas" title="Karen L. Haas">Karen L. Haas</a> </td> <td>Maryland </td> <td>2011–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Johnson" title="Cheryl Johnson">Cheryl L. Johnson</a> </td> <td>Louisiana </td> <td>2019–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCumber" title="Kevin McCumber">Kevin McCumber</a> </td> <td>Illinois </td> <td>2023–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices_and_services">Offices and services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Offices and services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the clerk's main office, located in H154 of the U.S. Capitol, there are nine offices that fall under the clerk's jurisdiction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capitol_Service_Groups">Capitol Service Groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Capitol Service Groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Capitol Service Groups provide support services to the maintenance of the Republican and Democratic cloakrooms, the <a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Claiborne Boggs</a> Congressional Women's Reading Room, the Members and Family Committee Room, and the Capitol Prayer Room. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_Page_Program">House Page Program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: House Page Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Page" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives Page">Pages</a> were high school juniors who served as support staff for the U.S. House of Representatives, either for one of two school semester sessions or one of two summer sessions. The program was discontinued in 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_Computer_Systems_(LCS)"><span id="Legislative_Computer_Systems_.28LCS.29"></span>Legislative Computer Systems (LCS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legislative Computer Systems (LCS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Legislative Computer Systems office provides technical support for offices under the clerk and maintains the electronic voting system on the House floor.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_Resource_Center_(LRC)"><span id="Legislative_Resource_Center_.28LRC.29"></span>Legislative Resource Center (LRC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legislative Resource Center (LRC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Legislative Resource Center (LRC), a division of the Office of the Clerk, supports House legislative functions and keeps the public informed about the House and its legislative activities. LRC ensures that House-related information is accessible to all.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislative_information">Legislative information</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legislative information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LRC supplies House members with the documents under consideration on the House floor. LRC also gathers and verifies information on actions by House committees and the President of the United States regarding legislation. The data are stored in the Legislative Information Management System (LIMS), an in-house system that tracks all legislation from its introduction on the floor to its signing by the President. </p><p>Through two functions, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Library" title="United States House of Representatives Library">United States House of Representatives Library</a> and the House Document Room, LRC serves as the repository and a disseminator of official House legislative documents and publications. The library's collection comprises more than 200,000 volumes, as well as legislative and legal databases. The House Document Room stores hard copies of legislative documents and publications from the current and two preceding congresses, and makes them available to the public upon request, free of charge. </p><p>In addition, LRC responds to inquiries from congressional staff and the public regarding legislative information about Congress. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_disclosure">Public disclosure</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Public disclosure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LRC manages and serves as the customer service contact for lobbying disclosure filings, as well as public disclosure forms from all House officers, members, and staff. The center provides filers with forms and guidance on filing procedures, and responds to inquiries about disclosure from filers and others. </p><p>LRC gathers, organizes, and retains disclosure registrations and reports, and makes them accessible to the public, on-site and virtually. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="House_membership_information">House membership information</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: House membership information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LRC compiles and publishes these official lists and informational publications about the House: </p> <ul><li>Official lists of members</li> <li>The list of House standing committees and subcommittees</li> <li>The House telephone directory</li> <li>House office building directories</li> <li>Nominee and election statistics (presidential and congressional).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Support_for_congressional_offices">Support for congressional offices</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Support for congressional offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LRC works with the <a href="/wiki/Government_Publishing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a> to support congressional offices with orders for official stationery and envelopes and other print services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_Art_and_Archives_&_Office_of_the_Historian"><span id="Office_of_Art_and_Archives_.26_Office_of_the_Historian"></span>Office of Art and Archives & Office of the Historian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Office of Art and Archives & Office of the Historian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Office of Art and Archives & Office of the Historian collect, preserve, and interpret the artifacts and records of the House. The offices are responsible for the House's historical documentation, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Collection_of_Fine_Art_and_Artifacts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House Collection of Fine Art and Artifacts (page does not exist)">House Collection of Fine Art and Artifacts</a>, and the official records of the House from 1789 to the present. The <a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_House_of_Representatives" title="Curator of the House of Representatives">House Curator</a> and chief of the office, Farar Elliott, curates the House Collection of several thousand objects and oversees the records of the House. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Historian of the United States House of Representatives">Historian of the House</a>, the Office of Art and Archives oversees the institution's website.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_House_Employment_Counsel_(OHEC)"><span id="Office_of_House_Employment_Counsel_.28OHEC.29"></span>Office of House Employment Counsel (OHEC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Office of House Employment Counsel (OHEC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This office provides advice about employment practices and acts as legal representation for all employing authorities in the House.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_Legislative_Operations">Office of Legislative Operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Office of Legislative Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This office coordinates the services of the bill and enrolling clerks, the journal clerks, the tally clerks, the daily digests, and the floor action reporting. </p><p>The Office of Legislative Operations provides support pertaining to the clerk's legislative duties. Among the duties of this office are receiving and processing official papers; compiling and publishing the daily minutes of House proceedings; operating the electronic voting system and overseeing the recording of votes; preparing messages to the Senate regarding passed legislation; and reading the bills, resolutions, amendments, motions, and Presidential messages that come before the House. The Office of Legislative Operations also prepares the summaries and schedules of House activities published in the Daily Digest section of the Congressional Record. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bill_clerks">Bill clerks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bill clerks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bill clerk receives and processes official papers including introduced bills and resolutions, amendments and additional co-sponsors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journal_clerks">Journal clerks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Journal clerks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A journal clerk compiles the daily minutes of House proceedings and publishes these in the <i>House Journal</i> at the end of each session. The <i>House Journal</i> is the official record of the proceedings maintained in accordance with Article I, Section 5 of the U.S. Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tally_clerks">Tally clerks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tally clerks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A tally clerk operates the electronic voting system, oversees the recording of votes on the House floor, receives reports of committees, and prepares the Calendar of the United States House of Representatives and History of Legislation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Enrolling_clerks">Enrolling clerks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Enrolling clerks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An enrolling clerk prepares all messages to the Senate regarding passed legislation, the official engrossed copy of all House-passed measures, and the official enrollment of all House-originated measures that have cleared both bodies of Congress. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reading_clerks">Reading clerks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Reading clerks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reading_Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives</a></div> <p>A reading clerk is responsible for the reading of all bills, resolutions, amendments, motions and presidential messages that come before the House; reports formally to the Senate all legislative actions taken by the House. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_Publication_Services_(OPS)"><span id="Office_of_Publication_Services_.28OPS.29"></span>Office of Publication Services (OPS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Office of Publication Services (OPS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This office processes official print orders, such as those for letterhead and envelopes, for the House and produces official House publications, including the Official List of Members, the Capitol Directory Card, and the House Telephone Directory. </p><p>This office also develops and maintains the clerk's official website and the <i>Kids in the House</i> web site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_reporters">Official reporters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Official reporters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This office transcribes House proceedings verbatim for publication in the Congressional Record and provides stenographic support to committees for all hearings, meetings, and mark-up sessions.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Secretary of the United States Senate">Secretary of the United States Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Clerk of the House of Commons">Clerk of the House of Commons</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" title="Clerk of the House of Commons (Canada)">Clerk of the House of Commons (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Clerk of the Australian House of Representatives">Clerk of the Australian House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives">Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General of the Lok Sabha</a> (India)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clerk.house.gov/About#OverviewContact">"Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives – About The Clerk"</a>. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+Clerk%2C+U.S.+House+of+Representatives+%E2%80%93+About+The+Clerk&rft.pub=Clerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2FAbout%23OverviewContact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossiter2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Rossiter" title="Clinton Rossiter">Rossiter, Clinton</a>, ed. (2003). <a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers"><i>The Federalist Papers</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_American_Library" title="New American Library">Signet Classics</a>. p. 543. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780451528810" title="Special:BookSources/9780451528810"><bdi>9780451528810</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Federalist+Papers&rft.pages=543&rft.pub=Signet+Classics&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780451528810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossiter2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Rossiter" title="Clinton Rossiter">Rossiter, Clinton</a>, ed. 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L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/1/1">1–1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Title_2_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 2 of the United States Code">2 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/25">§ 25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortinsky2023" class="citation news cs1">Fortinsky, Sarah (June 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4063185-house-clerk-who-oversaw-mccarthy-speaker-fight-resigns/">"House clerk who oversaw McCarthy's Speaker fight resigns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=House+clerk+who+oversaw+McCarthy%27s+Speaker+fight+resigns&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft.aulast=Fortinsky&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fhouse%2F4063185-house-clerk-who-oversaw-mccarthy-speaker-fight-resigns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clerk.house.gov/About#OverviewContact">"Office of the Clerk - Overview & Contact"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+Clerk+-+Overview+%26+Contact&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2FAbout%23OverviewContact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html">"United States Constitution"</a>. <i>National Archives and Records Administration</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820025547/http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft.atitle=United+States+Constitution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fcharters%2Fconstitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhj.html"><i>Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States Volume 1</i></a>. A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875. 1789. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210031712/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhj.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+House+of+Representatives+of+the+United+States+Volume+1&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=A+Century+of+Lawmaking+for+a+New+Nation%3A+U.S.+Congressional+Documents+and+Debates%2C+1774+-+1875&rft.date=1789&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fammem%2Famlaw%2Flwhj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/about/history.aspx">"History of the Office"</a>. <i>Office of the Clerk</i>. United States House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20140822230553/http://clerk.house.gov/about/history.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Clerk&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fabout%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRSFirstDay-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRSFirstDay_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2022" class="citation report cs1">Davis, Christopher (December 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30725/33">The First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the House Floor</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> (Report) (33 ed.). Congressional Research Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+First+Day+of+a+New+Congress%3A+A+Guide+to+Proceedings+on+the+House+Floor&rft.edition=33&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2022-12-15&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FRL%2FRL30725%2F33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jenkinsstewart-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jenkinsstewart_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeffrey Jenkins and Charles Stewart III, More than Just a Mouthpiece: The House Clerk as Party Operative, 1789-1870, Manuscript, 2005, available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.usc.edu/dist/2/77/files/2018/01/Clerk-Paper-v6-1ggx4ph.pdf">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/People/Office/Clerks/">"Clerks of the House | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</a>. <i>History.house.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/clerk/Offices_Services/index.html">the original</a> on April 14, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=clerk.house.gov&rft.atitle=Offices+%26+Services+-+Office+of+the+Clerk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fclerk%2FOffices_Services%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/about/offices_lrc.aspx">"The Legislative Resource Center (LRC)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150226010032/http://clerk.house.gov/about/offices_lrc.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Legislative+Resource+Center+%28LRC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fabout%2Foffices_lrc.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov">"Homepage"</a>. <i>History.house.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.house.gov&rft.atitle=Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudiburg2018" class="citation book cs1">Hudiburg, Jane A. (May 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R45209.pdf"><i>The </i>House Journal<i>: Origin, Purpose, and Approval</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+House+Journal%3A+Origin%2C+Purpose%2C+and+Approval&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft.aulast=Hudiburg&rft.aufirst=Jane+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmisc%2FR45209.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Congress" title="Template:United States Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Congress" title="Template talk:United States Congress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Congress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Congress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">Joint session</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a> ← <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> → <a href="/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress" title="119th United States Congress">119th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_Congress" title="Lists of United States Congress">Lists of United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Members_and_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_congress" title="Member of congress">Members and leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_longevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service">By length of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_brevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by brevity of service">By shortness of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_youngest_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of youngest members of the United States Congress">Youngest members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Non-voting members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unseated_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Unseated members of the United States Congress">Unseated members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_senators" title="List of former United States senators">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_expelled_or_censured" title="List of United States senators expelled or censured">Expelled or censured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_born_outside_the_United_States" title="List of United States senators born outside the United States">Born outside the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_from_the_United_States_Senate" title="Resignation from the United States Senate">Resigned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appointed_United_States_senators" title="List of appointed United States senators">Appointed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States senators who switched parties">Switched parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Seniority in the United States House of Representatives">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of former members of the United States House of Representatives">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_expelled,_censured,_or_reprimanded" title="List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded">Expelled, censured, and reprimanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_served_a_single_term" title="List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term">Served a single term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_lost_re-election_in_a_primary" title="List of members of the United States House of Representatives who lost re-election in a primary">Lost re-election in a primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States representatives who switched parties">Switched parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members-elect_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_never_took_their_seats" title="List of members-elect of the United States House of Representatives who never took their seats">Elected but did not serve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_90th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 90th United States Congress">90th (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_91st_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 91st United States Congress">91st (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_92nd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 92nd United States Congress">92nd (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_93rd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 93rd United States Congress">93rd (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_94th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 94th United States Congress">94th (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_95th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 95th United States Congress">95th (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_96th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 96th United States Congress">96th (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_97th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 97th United States Congress">97th (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_98th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 98th United States Congress">98th (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_99th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 99th United States Congress">99th (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_100th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 100th United States Congress">100th (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_101st_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 101st United States Congress">101st (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_102nd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 102nd United States Congress">102nd (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_103rd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 103rd United States Congress">103rd (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_104th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 104th United States Congress">104th (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_105th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 105th United States Congress">105th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_106th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 106th United States Congress">106th (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_107th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 107th United States Congress">107th (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_108th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 108th United States Congress">108th (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_109th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 109th United States Congress">109th (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_110th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 110th United States Congress">110th (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_111th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 111th United States Congress">111th (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_112th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 112th United States Congress">112th (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_113th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 113th United States Congress">113th (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_114th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 114th United States Congress">114th (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_115th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 115th United States Congress">115th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_116th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 116th United States Congress">116th (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_117th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 117th United States Congress">117th (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_118th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 118th United States Congress">118th (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus#Chairs" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus#Caucus_secretary" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee Chair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference" title="Senate Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference#List_of_conference_chairmen_and_chairwomen" title="Senate Republican Conference">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference#List_of_Secretary_and_Vice_Chairman" title="Senate Republican Conference">Vice-Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Republican_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Republican Policy Committee">Policy Committee Chair</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Legal_Advisory_Group" title="Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group">Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Republican_Conference" title="House Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering#United_States" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucus" title="Congressional caucus">Congressional caucus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucuses_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Caucuses of the United States Congress">Caucuses of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and racial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="African Americans in the United States Congress">African-American members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Black Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_and_Middle_Eastern_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Arab and Middle Eastern Americans in the United States Congress">Arab and Middle Eastern members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Americans_and_Pacific_Islands_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress">Asian Pacific American members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus" title="Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus">Asian Pacific American Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">Hispanic and Latino members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Caucus" title="Congressional Hispanic Caucus">Hispanic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Hispanic Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">Jewish members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Jewish_Caucus" title="Congressional Jewish Caucus">Congressional Jewish Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Native Americans in the United States Congress">Native American members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gender and sexual identity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT members of the United States Congress">LGBT members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Equality_Caucus" title="Congressional Equality Caucus">Equality Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus_for_Women%27s_Issues" title="Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues">Issues Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#Current_female_members" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">current House</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Physicians in the United States Congress">Physicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Buddhist members of the United States Congress">Buddhist members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hindu members of the United States Congress">Hindu members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">Jewish members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mormon_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Mormon members of the United States Congress">Mormon (LDS) members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Muslim members of the United States Congress">Muslim members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quaker_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Quaker members of the United States Congress">Quaker members</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dalip_Singh_Saund" title="Dalip Singh Saund">Sikh members</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_longest-serving_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of historical longest-serving members of the United States Congress">By length of service historically</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_wealth" title="List of current members of the United States Congress by wealth">Current members by wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_from_multiple_states" title="List of members of the United States Congress from multiple states">From multiple states</a></li> <li>Died in office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1790%E2%80%931899)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)">1790–1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1900%E2%80%931949)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–1949)">1900–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1950%E2%80%931999)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–1999)">1950–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(2000%E2%80%93)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (2000–)">2000–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_killed_or_wounded_in_office" title="List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office">Killed or wounded in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_party_switchers_in_the_United_States" title="List of party switchers in the United States">Party switchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_who_owned_slaves" title="List of members of the United States Congress who owned slaves">Slave owners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Powers,_privileges,_procedure,_committees,_history,_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Powers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">(Dormant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress">Contempt of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war_by_the_United_States" title="Declaration of war by the United States">Declaration of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">Impeachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment inquiry in the United States">Inquiries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_trial_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment trial in the United States">Trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">Naturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">"Necessary and Proper"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_power_of_enforcement" title="Congressional power of enforcement">Power of enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing/spending</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Privileges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salaries_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Salaries of members of the United States Congress">Salaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franking" title="Franking">Franking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Immunity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_legislation" title="List of United States federal legislation">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriations_bill_(United_States)" title="Appropriations bill (United States)">Appropriation bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(United_States_Congress)" title="Bill (United States Congress)">Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_budget_process" title="United States budget process">Budget process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_in_the_United_States" title="Censure in the United States">Censure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Closed session of the United States Congress">Closed sessions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Closed sessions of the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Closed sessions of the United States Senate">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">Cloture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_resolution" title="Concurrent resolution">Concurrent resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_resolution" title="Continuing resolution">Continuing resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Colleague_letter_(United_States)" title="Dear Colleague letter (United States)">Dear Colleague letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_petition" title="Discharge petition">Discharge petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrolled_bill" title="Enrolled bill">Enrolled bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress" title="Expulsion from the United States Congress">Expulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_resolution" title="Joint resolution">Joint resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">Joint session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_joint_sessions_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of joint sessions of the United States Congress">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lame-duck_session" title="Lame-duck session">Lame-duck session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_minute" title="Magic minute">Magic minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastert_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Hastert Rule">Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_referral" title="Multiple referral">Multiple referral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedures_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Procedures of the United States House of Representatives">House procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum_call" title="Quorum call">Quorum call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider_(legislation)" title="Rider (legislation)">Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(legislative)" title="Sponsor (legislative)">Sponsorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_rules_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Suspension of the rules in the United States Congress">Suspension of the rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unanimous_consent" title="Unanimous consent">Unanimous consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">Veto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line-item_veto" title="Line-item veto">Line-item veto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_veto" title="Pocket veto">Pocket veto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">Advice and consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_slip_(U.S._Senate)" title="Blue slip (U.S. Senate)">Blue slip (U.S. Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_communication" title="Executive communication">Executive communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_session" title="Executive session">Executive session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">Filibuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Manual" title="Jefferson's Manual">Jefferson's <i>Manual</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Journal" title="United States Senate Journal"><i>Senate Journal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_business" title="Morning business">Morning business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_option" title="Nuclear option">Nuclear option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Presiding Officer of the United States Senate">Presiding Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddick%27s_Senate_Procedure" title="Riddick's Senate Procedure">Riddick's Senate Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_hold" title="Senate hold">Senate hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatorial_courtesy" title="Senatorial courtesy">Senatorial courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">Seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rules_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Standing Rules of the United States Senate">Standing Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">Tie-breaking votes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Traditions of the United States Senate">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Clause" title="Treaty Clause">Treaty Clause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_committee" title="United States congressional committee">Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranking_member" title="Ranking member">ranking member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Whole_(United_States_House_of_Representatives)" title="Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives)">Of the Whole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_conference_committee" title="United States congressional conference committee">Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_petition" title="Discharge petition">Discharge petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_hearing" title="United States congressional hearing">Hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markup_(legislation)" title="Markup (legislation)">Markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_oversight" title="Congressional oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_joint_committees" title="List of United States congressional joint committees">List (Joint)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_House_of_Representatives_committees" title="List of United States House of Representatives committees">List (House)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_committees" title="List of United States Senate committees">List (Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_or_special_committee_(United_States_Congress)" title="Select or special committee (United States Congress)">Select and special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_committee_(United_States_Congress)" title="Standing committee (United States Congress)">Standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_subcommittee" title="United States congressional subcommittee">Subcommittees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gavel#United_States_Congress_gavels" title="Gavel">Gavels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mace_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Mace of the United States House of Representatives">Mace of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the United States Senate">Seal of the Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="History of the United States Congress">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="History of the United States House of Representatives">House history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._representative_bibliography_(congressional_memoirs)" title="U.S. representative bibliography (congressional memoirs)">memoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="List of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives elections">speaker elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="History of the United States Senate">Senate history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_election_disputes" title="List of United States Senate election disputes">election disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._senator_bibliography_(congressional_memoirs)" title="U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs)">memoirs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall (1789–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall (1790–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Brick_Capitol" title="Old Brick Capitol">Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress"><i>Biographical Directory</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_government_in_the_United_States" title="Divided government in the United States">Divided government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_divisions_of_United_States_Congresses" title="Party divisions of United States Congresses">Party divisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Capitol_Complex_(Capitol_Hill)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Complex" title="United States Capitol Complex">Capitol Complex</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_staff" title="Congressional staff">Congressional staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_General_of_the_United_States" title="Comptroller General of the United States">Comptroller General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol" title="Architect of the Capitol">Architect of the Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Cap. Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Police Board">Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Guide_Service" title="United States Capitol Guide Service">Cap. Guide Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congr. Budget Office (CBO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Congressional_Workplace_Rights" title="Office of Congressional Workplace Rights">Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Technology_Assessment" title="Office of Technology Assessment">Technology Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Curator of the United States Senate">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Library" title="United States Senate Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Congressional_Ethics" title="Office of Congressional Ethics">Congr. Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Emergency_Planning,_Preparedness,_and_Operations" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations">Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Interparliamentary_Affairs" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Interparliamentary Affairs">Interparliamentary Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Law Revision Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Legislative_Counsel" title="Office of the Legislative Counsel">Legislative Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Library" title="United States House of Representatives Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Secretary of the United States Senate">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Chaplain of the United States Senate">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Curator of the United States Senate">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Librarian" title="United States Senate Librarian">Librarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Page of the United States Senate">Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Parliamentarian of the United States Senate">Parliamentarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Administrative_Officer_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives">Chief Administrative Officer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doorkeeper_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives">Doorkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Floor_Operations" title="Director of Floor Operations">Floor Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_Services_Chief" title="Floor Services Chief">Floor Services Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Historian of the United States House of Representatives">Historian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Page of the United States House of Representatives">Pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Page_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="House Page Board">Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives">Parliamentarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmaster_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives">Postmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Reading Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of<br />Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Research Service reports">reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office">Copyright Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Register_of_Copyrights" title="Register of Copyrights">Register of Copyrights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Library_of_Congress" title="Law Library of Congress">Law Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Poet_Laureate" title="United States Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THOMAS" title="THOMAS">THOMAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">Adams Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building" title="Thomas Jefferson Building">Jefferson Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Memorial_Building" title="James Madison Memorial Building">Madison Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Gov.<br />Publishing Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Printer_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Printer of the United States">Public Printer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Pictorial_Directory" title="Congressional Pictorial Directory">Congressional Pictorial Directory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_Congressional_Directory" title="Official Congressional Directory">Official Congressional Directory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Manual" title="United States Government Manual">U.S. Gov. Manual</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Serial_Set" title="United States Congressional Serial Set">Serial Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Statutes at Large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol Building</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artwork_at_the_United_States_Capitol_complex" title="List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex">List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_portraits_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_collection_(A-J)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)">List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumidi_Corridors" title="Brumidi Corridors">Brumidi Corridors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Prayer_Room" title="Congressional Prayer Room">Congressional Prayer Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_crypt" title="United States Capitol crypt">Crypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_dome" title="United States Capitol dome">Dome</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Columns" title="Hall of Columns">Hall of Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">Statuary Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Visitor_Center" title="United States Capitol Visitor Center">Visitor Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)"><i>Declaration of Independence</i> painting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Democracy" title="Apotheosis of Democracy">Apotheosis of Democracy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment" title="Progress of Civilization Pediment">Progress of Civilization Pediment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Reading_of_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_of_President_Lincoln" title="First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln">First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne" title="Surrender of General Burgoyne">Surrender of General Burgoyne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Doors" title="Columbus Doors">Columbus Doors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton">Washington at Princeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Westward_the_Course_of_Empire_Takes_Its_Way" title="Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way">Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President%27s_Room" title="Vice President's Room">VP's Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Vice_Presidential_Bust_Collection" title="United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection">VP Bust Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_buildings" title="Congressional office buildings">Office<br />buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirksen_Senate_Office_Building" title="Dirksen Senate Office Building">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Senate_Office_Building" title="Hart Senate Office Building">Hart</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_Clouds" title="Mountains and Clouds">Mountains and Clouds</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building" title="Russell Senate Office Building">Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Office_Building_Commission" title="House Office Building Commission">Building Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_lottery" title="Congressional office lottery">office lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_House_Office_Building" title="Cannon House Office Building">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_House_Office_Building" title="Ford House Office Building">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longworth_House_Office_Building" title="Longworth House Office Building">Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_House_Office_Building" title="O'Neill House Office Building">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayburn_House_Office_Building" title="Rayburn House Office Building">Rayburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Staff_Health_and_Fitness_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Staff Health and Fitness Facility">Health and Fitness Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_Studio_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Recording Studio of the United States House of Representatives">House Recording Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_chamber" title="United States Senate chamber">Senate chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Senate_Chamber" title="Old Senate Chamber">Old Senate Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Supreme_Court_Chamber" title="Old Supreme Court Chamber">Old Supreme Court Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Power_Plant" title="Capitol Power Plant">Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Senate_Page_Residence" title="Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence">Webster Page Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_subway_system" title="United States Capitol subway system">Subway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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