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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_at_non-standard_day_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_at_non-standard_day_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Use at non-standard day conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_at_non-standard_day_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ICAO_Standard_Atmosphere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ICAO_Standard_Atmosphere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ICAO Standard Atmosphere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ICAO_Standard_Atmosphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_standard_atmospheres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_standard_atmospheres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other standard atmospheres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_standard_atmospheres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_est%C3%A0ndard_internacional" title="Atmosfera estàndard internacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atmosfera estàndard internacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardn%C3%AD_atmosf%C3%A9ra" title="Standardní atmosféra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Standardní atmosféra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normatmosph%C3%A4re" title="Normatmosphäre – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Normatmosphäre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardatmosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Standardatmosfäär – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Standardatmosfäär" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atm%C3%B3sfera_Est%C3%A1ndar_Internacional" title="Atmósfera Estándar Internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atmósfera Estándar Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جو استاندارد بین‌المللی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جو استاندارد بین‌المللی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="International Standard Atmosphere" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0" title="국제 표준 대기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제 표준 대기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_standardna_atmosfera" title="Međunarodna standardna atmosfera – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međunarodna standardna atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer_Standar_Internasional" title="Atmosfer Standar Internasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Atmosfer Standar Internasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_standard_internazionale_ICAO" title="Atmosfera standard internazionale ICAO – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atmosfera standard internazionale ICAO" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Стандартты атмосфера – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Стандартты атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standartatmosf%C4%93ra" title="Standartatmosfēra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Standartatmosfēra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Atmosfera Piawaian Antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Atmosfera Piawaian Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standaardatmosfeer" title="Standaardatmosfeer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Standaardatmosfeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97" title="国際標準大気 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際標準大気" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardatmosf%C3%A6re_(luftfart)" title="Standardatmosfære (luftfart) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Standardatmosfære (luftfart)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_wzorcowa" title="Atmosfera wzorcowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atmosfera wzorcowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_padr%C3%A3o_internacional" title="Atmosfera padrão internacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atmosfera padrão internacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer%C4%83_standard" title="Atmosferă standard – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atmosferă standard" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Стандартная атмосфера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стандартная атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_%C5%A1tandardn%C3%A1_atmosf%C3%A9ra" title="Medzinárodná štandardná atmosféra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medzinárodná štandardná atmosféra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4linen_standardi-ilmakeh%C3%A4" title="Kansainvälinen standardi-ilmakehä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansainvälinen standardi-ilmakehä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardatmosf%C3%A4r_(ISA)" title="Standardatmosfär (ISA) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Standardatmosfär (ISA)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Atmosfer" title="Uluslararası Standart Atmosfer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uluslararası Standart Atmosfer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Міжнародна стандартна атмосфера – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжнародна стандартна атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94" title="国际标准大气 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国际标准大气" data-language-autonym="中文" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard conditions for temperature and pressure">Standard conditions for temperature and pressure</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_International_Standard_Atmosphere_space_diving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Comparison_International_Standard_Atmosphere_space_diving.svg/220px-Comparison_International_Standard_Atmosphere_space_diving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Comparison_International_Standard_Atmosphere_space_diving.svg/330px-Comparison_International_Standard_Atmosphere_space_diving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Comparison_International_Standard_Atmosphere_space_diving.svg/440px-Comparison_International_Standard_Atmosphere_space_diving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of a graph of International Standard Atmosphere temperature and pressure and approximate altitudes of various objects and successful stratospheric jumps</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>International Standard Atmosphere</b> (<b>ISA</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Static_atmospheric_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Static atmospheric model">static atmospheric model</a> of how the <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth's atmosphere">Earth's atmosphere</a> change over a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitudes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevations</a>. It has been established to provide a common reference for temperature and pressure and consists of tables of values at various altitudes, plus some formulas by which those values were derived. The <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) publishes the ISA as an <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">international standard</a>, ISO 2533:1975.<sup id="cite_ref-ISO_1975_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO_1975-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other <a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">standards organizations</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a>, publish extensions or subsets of the same atmospheric model under their own standards-making authority. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Atmosphere&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ISA <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_model" title="Mathematical model">mathematical model</a> divides the atmosphere into layers with an assumed linear distribution of <a href="/wiki/Absolute_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute temperature">absolute temperature</a> <i>T</i> against <a href="/wiki/Geopotential_altitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Geopotential altitude">geopotential altitude</a> <i>h</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Graham_Gyatt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham_Gyatt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other two values (pressure <i>P</i> and density <i>ρ</i>) are computed by <a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_equations_model" title="Simultaneous equations model">simultaneously solving the equations</a> resulting from: </p> <ul><li>the vertical pressure gradient resulting from <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic balance</a>, which relates the rate of change of pressure with geopotential altitude:</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {dP}{dh}}=-\rho g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {dP}{dh}}=-\rho g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/df3db8254d50648a75048563bb62547dce02cdcb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.022ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {dP}{dh}}=-\rho g}"></span>, and</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Ideal_gas_law" title="Ideal gas law">ideal gas law</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit)" title="Mole (unit)">molar</a> form, which relates <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>:</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ P=\rho R_{\rm {specific}}T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ P=\rho R_{\rm {specific}}T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bccef639f5c3666f0f483e67455b6258711722b5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.537ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ P=\rho R_{\rm {specific}}T}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>at each geopotential altitude, where <i>g</i> is the standard <a href="/wiki/Standard_gravity" title="Standard gravity">acceleration of gravity</a>, and <i>R</i><sub>specific</sub> is the <a href="/wiki/Gas_constant#Specific_gas_constant" title="Gas constant">specific gas constant</a> for dry air (287.0528J⋅kg<sup>−1</sup>⋅K<sup>−1</sup>). The solution is given by the <a href="/wiki/Barometric_formula" title="Barometric formula">barometric formula</a>. </p><p>Air density must be calculated in order to solve for the pressure, and is used in calculating <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_pressure" title="Dynamic pressure">dynamic pressure</a> for moving vehicles. <a href="/wiki/Viscosity#Dynamic_(shear)_viscosity" title="Viscosity">Dynamic viscosity</a> is an empirical function of temperature, and <a href="/wiki/Viscosity#Kinematic_viscosity" title="Viscosity">kinematic viscosity</a> is calculated by dividing dynamic viscosity by the density. </p><p>Thus the standard consists of a tabulation of values at various altitudes, plus some formulas by which those values were derived. To accommodate <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_on_land_with_elevations_below_sea_level" title="List of places on land with elevations below sea level">the lowest points on Earth</a>, the model starts at a base geopotential altitude of 610 meters (2,000 ft) <i>below sea level</i>, with standard temperature set at 19 °C. With a temperature <a href="/wiki/Lapse_rate" title="Lapse rate">lapse rate</a> of −6.5 °C (-11.7 °F) per km (roughly −2 °C (-3.6 °F) per 1,000 ft), the table interpolates to the <a href="/wiki/Standard_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard mean sea level">standard mean sea level</a> values of 15 °C (59 °F) temperature, 101,325 pascals (14.6959 psi) (1 <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atm</a>) pressure, and a density of 1.2250 kilograms per cubic meter (0.07647 lb/cu ft). The <a href="/wiki/Troposphere" title="Troposphere">tropospheric</a> tabulation continues to 11,000 meters (36,089 ft), where the temperature has fallen to −56.5 °C (−69.7 °F), the pressure to 22,632 pascals (3.2825 psi), and the density to 0.3639 kilograms per cubic meter (0.02272 lb/cu ft). Between 11 km and 20 km, the temperature remains constant.<sup id="cite_ref-aeromech.usyd.edu.au_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aeromech.usyd.edu.au-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Batchelor_1967_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batchelor_1967-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Layers in the ISA Standard Atmosphere 1976 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Layer </th> <th>Level<br />name </th> <th>Base<br />geopotential<br />altitude above <a href="/wiki/Mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean sea level">MSL</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_1962_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_1962-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <i>h</i> (m) </th> <th>Base<br />geometric<br />altitude above <a href="/wiki/Mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean sea level">MSL</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_1962_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_1962-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>z</i> (m) </th> <th><br />Lapse<br />rate <br /> ( °C/km)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_lapsenotea"><a href="#endnote_lapsenotea">[a]</a></sup> </th> <th><br />Base<br />temperature <br /> <i>T</i> (°C[K]) </th> <th>Base<br />atmospheric<br />pressure <br /><i>p</i> (Pa) </th> <th>Base<br />atmospheric<br />density<br /><i>ρ</i> (kg/m<sup>3</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Troposphere" title="Troposphere">Troposphere</a> </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">-6.5 </td> <td align="center">+15.0 (288.15) </td> <td align="center">101,325 </td> <td align="center">1.225 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tropopause" title="Tropopause">Tropopause</a> </td> <td align="center">11,000 </td> <td align="center">11,019 </td> <td align="center">0.0 </td> <td align="center">−56.5 (216.65) </td> <td align="center">22632 </td> <td align="center">0.3639 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Stratosphere" title="Stratosphere">Stratosphere</a> </td> <td align="center">20,000 </td> <td align="center">20,063 </td> <td align="center">+1.0 </td> <td align="center">−56.5 (216.65) </td> <td align="center">5474.9 </td> <td align="center">0.0880 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Stratosphere" title="Stratosphere">Stratosphere</a> </td> <td align="center">32,000 </td> <td align="center">32,162 </td> <td align="center">+2.8 </td> <td align="center">−44.5 (228.65) </td> <td align="center">868.02 </td> <td align="center">0.0132 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Stratopause" title="Stratopause">Stratopause</a> </td> <td align="center">47,000 </td> <td align="center">47,350 </td> <td align="center">0.0 </td> <td align="center">−2.5 (270.65) </td> <td align="center">110.91 </td> <td align="center">0.0014 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mesosphere" title="Mesosphere">Mesosphere</a> </td> <td align="center">51,000 </td> <td align="center">51,412 </td> <td align="center">-2.8 </td> <td align="center">−2.5 (270.65) </td> <td align="center">66.939 </td> <td align="center">0.0009 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mesosphere" title="Mesosphere">Mesosphere</a> </td> <td align="center">71,000 </td> <td align="center">71,802 </td> <td align="center">-2.0 </td> <td align="center">−58.5 (214.65) </td> <td align="center">3.9564 </td> <td align="center">0.0001 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mesopause" title="Mesopause">Mesopause</a> </td> <td align="center">84,852 </td> <td align="center">86,000 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="center">-86.204 (186.946) </td> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="center">0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_lapsenotea"><a href="#ref_lapsenotea"><b><sup>a</sup></b></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lapse_rate" title="Lapse rate">lapse rate</a> given per kilometer of <i>geopotential altitude (A positive lapse rate (λ > 0) means temperature increases with height)</i></dd></dl> <p>In the above table, <i><a href="/wiki/Geopotential_height" title="Geopotential height">geopotential altitude</a></i> is calculated from a mathematical model that adjusts the altitude to include the variation of gravity with height, while <i>geometric altitude</i> is the standard direct vertical distance above <a href="/wiki/Mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean sea level">mean sea level</a> (MSL).<sup id="cite_ref-Graham_Gyatt_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham_Gyatt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The equation that relates the two altitudes are (where z is the <i>geometric altitude</i>, h is the <i><a href="/wiki/Geopotential_height" title="Geopotential height">geopotential altitude</a></i>, and r<sub>0</sub> = 6,356,766 m in this model):</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ z={\frac {r_{0}h}{r_{0}-h}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ z={\frac {r_{0}h}{r_{0}-h}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b06d5b0c4b03baca6fff75ae6699a5aa309c7486" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:11.886ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ z={\frac {r_{0}h}{r_{0}-h}}}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Note that the Lapse Rates cited in the table are given as °C per kilometer of geopotential altitude, not geometric altitude. </p><p>The ISA model is based on average conditions at mid latitudes, as determined by the ISO's TC 20/SC 6 technical committee. It has been revised from time to time since the middle of the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_at_non-standard_day_conditions">Use at non-standard day conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Atmosphere&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use at non-standard day conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ISA models a hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Standard_day" title="Standard day">standard day</a> to allow a reproducible engineering reference for calculation and testing of engine and vehicle performance at various altitudes. It <i>does not</i> provide a rigorous meteorological model of actual atmospheric conditions (for example, <a href="/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle" title="Bernoulli's principle">changes in barometric pressure due to wind conditions</a>). Neither does it account for <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a> effects; air is assumed to be dry and clean and of constant composition. Humidity effects are accounted for in vehicle or engine analysis by adding water vapor to the <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_state" title="Thermodynamic state">thermodynamic state</a> of the air after obtaining the pressure and density from the standard atmosphere model. </p><p>Non-standard (hot or cold) days are modeled by adding a specified temperature delta to the standard temperature at altitude, but pressure is taken as the standard day value. Density and viscosity are recalculated at the resultant temperature and pressure using the ideal gas equation of state. Hot day, Cold day, Tropical, and Polar temperature profiles with altitude have been defined for use as performance references, such as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> MIL-STD-210C, and its successor MIL-HDBK-310.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ICAO_Standard_Atmosphere">ICAO Standard Atmosphere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Atmosphere&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: ICAO Standard Atmosphere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) published their "ICAO Standard Atmosphere" as Doc 7488-CD in 1993. It has the same model as the ISA, but extends the altitude coverage to 80 kilometers (262,500 feet).<sup id="cite_ref-ICAO_1993_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICAO_1993-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ICAO Standard Atmosphere, like the ISA, does not contain water vapor. </p><p>Some of the values defined by ICAO are: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <caption><b>ICAO Standard Atmosphere</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Height km & ft</th> <th>Temperature °C</th> <th>Pressure hPa</th> <th>Lapse rate °C/1000 ft </th> <th>Lapse rate C/1000 m </th></tr> <tr> <td>0 km MSL</td> <td>15.0</td> <td>1013.25</td> <td>+1.98 (tropospheric) </td> <td>+6.5 (tropospheric) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 km 36 000 ft</td> <td>−56.5</td> <td>226.00</td> <td>0.00 (stratospheric) </td> <td>0.00 (stratospheric) </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 km 65 000 ft</td> <td>−56.5</td> <td>54.70</td> <td>-0.3 (stratospheric) </td> <td>-0.1 (stratospheric) </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 km 105 000 ft</td> <td>−44.5</td> <td>8.68</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Aviation standards and flying rules are based on the International Standard Atmosphere. <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_indicator" title="Airspeed indicator">Airspeed indicators</a> are calibrated on the assumption that they are operating at sea level in the International Standard Atmosphere where the air density is 1.225 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. </p><p>Physical properties of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere are:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Physical properties of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameter </th> <th>Value </th></tr> <tr> <td>Density </td> <td>1.225 kg m<sup>-3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kinematic viscosity </td> <td>1.4607 × 10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dynamic viscosity </td> <td>1.7894 × 10<sup>-5</sup> kg m<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Molar volume </td> <td>2.3645 × 10<sup>-2</sup> m<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Molecular weight </td> <td>28.966 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thermal conductivity </td> <td>2.5339 × 10<sup>-2</sup> W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mean free path </td> <td>6.6317 × 10<sup>-8</sup> m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Collision frequency </td> <td>6.9204 × 10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Particle speed </td> <td>4.5894 × 10<sup>2</sup> m s<sup>-1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Number density </td> <td>2.5475 × 10<sup>25</sup> m<sup>-3</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_standard_atmospheres">Other standard atmospheres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Atmosphere&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other standard atmospheres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reference_atmospheric_model" title="Reference atmospheric model">Reference atmospheric model</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Standard_Atmosphere" title="U.S. Standard Atmosphere">U.S. Standard Atmosphere</a> is a set of models that define values for atmospheric temperature, density, pressure and other properties over a wide range of altitudes. The first model, based on an existing international standard, was published in 1958 by the U.S. Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere,<sup id="cite_ref-USA_1958_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_1958-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was updated in 1962,<sup id="cite_ref-USA_1962_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_1962-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1966,<sup id="cite_ref-USA_1966_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_1966-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_1976_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_1976-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. Standard Atmosphere, International Standard Atmosphere and WMO (World Meteorological Organization) standard atmospheres are the same as the ISO International Standard Atmosphere for altitudes up to 32 km.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_GSFC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_GSFC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tomasi1998_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomasi1998-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/NRLMSISE-00" title="NRLMSISE-00">NRLMSISE-00</a> is a newer model of the Earth's atmosphere from ground to space, developed by the <a href="/wiki/US_Naval_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="US Naval Research Laboratory">US Naval Research Laboratory</a> taking actual satellite drag data into account. A primary use of this model is to aid predictions of <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> orbital decay due to <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric drag">atmospheric drag</a>. The <a href="/wiki/COSPAR_International_Reference_Atmosphere" title="COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere">COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere</a> (CIRA) 2012 and the ISO 14222 Earth Atmosphere Density standard both recommend NRLMSISE-00 for composition uses. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=JB2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JB2008 (page does not exist)">JB2008</a> is a newer model of the Earth's atmosphere from 120 km to 2000 km, developed by the <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force_Space_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force Space Command">US Air Force Space Command</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Environment_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Environment Technologies (page does not exist)">Space Environment Technologies</a> taking into account realistic <a href="/wiki/Solar_irradiance" title="Solar irradiance">solar irradiances</a> and time evolution of geomagnetic storms.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is most useful for calculating satellite orbital decay due to <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric drag">atmospheric drag</a>. Both CIRA 2012 and ISO 14222 recommend JB2008 for mass density in drag uses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Atmosphere&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronyms_and_abbreviations_in_avionics" class="mw-redirect" title="Acronyms and abbreviations in avionics">Acronyms and abbreviations in avionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density_of_air" title="Density of air">Density of air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_standard_atmosphere" title="Jet standard atmosphere">Jet standard atmosphere</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Atmosphere&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ISO_1975-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISO_1975_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=7472&ICS1=49&ICS2=20&ICS3=">Standard Atmosphere</a></i>, ISO 2533:1975, 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graham_Gyatt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graham_Gyatt_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graham_Gyatt_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gyatt, Graham (2006-01-14): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atmosculator.com/The%20Standard%20Atmosphere.html">"The Standard Atmosphere"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310223946/http://www.atmosculator.com/The%20Standard%20Atmosphere.html">Archived</a> 2007-03-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. A mathematical model of the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aeromech.usyd.edu.au-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aeromech.usyd.edu.au_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAuldSrinivas2008" class="citation web cs1">Auld, D.J.; Srinivas, K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609091708/http://www.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/aero/atmosphere/">"Properties of the Atmosphere"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/aero/atmosphere/">the original</a> on 2013-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Properties+of+the+Atmosphere&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Auld&rft.aufirst=D.J.&rft.au=Srinivas%2C+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeromech.usyd.edu.au%2Faero%2Fatmosphere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Standard+Atmosphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Batchelor_1967-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Batchelor_1967_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Batchelor, G. K., <i>An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics</i>, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1967.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_1962-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USA_1962_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_1962_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_1962_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1962</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathworks.com/help/aerotbx/ug/atmosnonstd.html?s_tid=gn_loc_drop">Mathworks atmosnonstd</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICAO_1993-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICAO_1993_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Manual of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (extended to 80 kilometres (262 500 feet))</i> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a>. 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-9194-004-6" title="Special:BookSources/92-9194-004-6"><bdi>92-9194-004-6</bdi></a>. Doc 7488-CD.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+the+ICAO+Standard+Atmosphere+%28extended+to+80+kilometres+%28262+500+feet%29%29&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=International+Civil+Aviation+Organization&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=92-9194-004-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Standard+Atmosphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTennent1971" class="citation book cs1">Tennent, R. M. (1971). <i>Science Data Book</i>. Harlow: Oliver & Boyd. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0050024876" title="Special:BookSources/0050024876"><bdi>0050024876</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Data+Book&rft.place=Harlow&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Oliver+%26+Boyd&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0050024876&rft.aulast=Tennent&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Standard+Atmosphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_1958-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USA_1958_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Extension to the ICAO Standard Atmosphere, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1958</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_1966-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USA_1966_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, 1966, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_1976-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USA_1976_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19770009539_1977009539.pdf">U.S. Standard Atmosphere</a>, 1976, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1976 (Linked file is 17 MB)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA_GSFC-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_GSFC_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://modelweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/atmos/us_standard.html">"U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060513194709/http://modelweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/atmos/us_standard.html">Archived</a> 2006-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tomasi1998-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tomasi1998_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasi,_C.Vitake,_V.De_Santis,_L.V.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Tomasi, C.; Vitake, V.; De Santis, L.V. (1998). "Relative optical mass functions for air, water vapour, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in atmospheric models presenting different latitudinal and seasonal conditions". <i>Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics</i>. <b>65</b> (1): 11–30. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998MAP....65...11T">1998MAP....65...11T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01030266">10.1007/BF01030266</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:123129752">123129752</a>. <q>...the ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) Standard Atmosphere, 1972. This model is identical to the present Standard Atmospheres of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and WMO (World Meteorological Organization) up to a height of 32 km</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteorology+and+Atmospheric+Physics&rft.atitle=Relative+optical+mass+functions+for+air%2C+water+vapour%2C+ozone+and+nitrogen+dioxide+in+atmospheric+models+presenting+different+latitudinal+and+seasonal+conditions&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-30&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A123129752%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01030266&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998MAP....65...11T&rft.au=Tomasi%2C+C.&rft.au=Vitake%2C+V.&rft.au=De+Santis%2C+L.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Standard+Atmosphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715044019/https://sol.spacenvironment.net/jb2008/introduction.html">"JB2008"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sol.spacenvironment.net/jb2008/introduction.html">the original</a> on 2023-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JB2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsol.spacenvironment.net%2Fjb2008%2Fintroduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Standard+Atmosphere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2003" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Mark (2003). <i>The Standard Handbook for Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineers</i>. New York: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-136229-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-136229-0"><bdi>0-07-136229-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Standard+Handbook+for+Aeronautical+and+Astronautical+Engineers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-07-136229-0&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Standard+Atmosphere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080630023615/http://mtp.jpl.nasa.gov/notes/altitude/ReferenceAtmospheres.html">NASA JPL Reference Notes</a></li> <li>ICAO, <i>Manual of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (extended to 80 kilometres (262 500 feet))</i>, Doc 7488-CD, Third Edition, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-9194-004-6" title="Special:BookSources/92-9194-004-6">92-9194-004-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Atmosphere&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitaldutch.com/atmoscalc/">Online 1976 Standard Atmosphere calculator with table en graph generator.</a> Digital Dutch</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/maltapplication/home">Multilingual windows calculator which calculates the atmospheric (standard and not standard!) characteristics according to the "1976 standard atmosphere" and convert between various airspeeds (true / equivalent / calibrated) according to the appropriate atmospheric conditions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=malta.atmoscalc&feature=more_from_developer#?t=W251bGwsMSwxLDEwMiwibWFsdGEuYXRtb3NjYWxjIl0.">A Free Android version for complete International Standard Atmosphere model</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newbyte.co.il/calculator/index.php">NewByte standard atmosphere calculator and speed converter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation.ch/tools-atmosphere.asp">ICAO atmosphere calculator</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011183719/http://www.aviation.ch/tools-atmosphere.asp">Archived</a> 2008-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icao.int/cgi/goto_m_anb.pl?icao/en/anb/mais/index.html">ICAO Standards</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090916075121/http://www.icao.int/cgi/goto_m_anb.pl?icao/en/anb/mais/index.html">Archived</a> 2009-09-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luizmonteiro.com/StdAtm.aspx">Complete ISA calculator (1976 model)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sol.spacenvironment.net/jb2008/introduction.html">JB2008 source code and references</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715044019/https://sol.spacenvironment.net/jb2008/introduction.html">Archived</a> 2023-07-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datalab24.com/earth_astronomy/international_standard_atmosphere">ICAO standard atmosphere 1993 calculator</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards <span class="nobold">by standard number</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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