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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Edward A. Ball</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Edward A. Ball"> <meta name="keywords" content="Edward A. Ball"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Edward A. 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Ball"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 405</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Edward A. Ball</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">405</span> Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Metronidazole by Planetary Ball-Milling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriar%20Ghammamy">Shahriar Ghammamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Gholipoor"> Maryam Gholipoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metronidazole nano -powders with the average mean particle size around 90 nm were synthesized by high-energy milling using a planetary ball mill is provided. The Scattering factors, milling of time,the ball size and ball to powder ratio on the material properties powder by the Ray diffraction (XRD) study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR. It has been observed that the density of nano-sized grinding balls as ball to powder ratio depends. Using the dispersion factor, the density Can be reduced below the initial particle size was achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metronidazole" title="metronidazole">metronidazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball-milling" title=" ball-milling"> ball-milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD%20diffraction" title=" XRD diffraction"> XRD diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16630/preparation-and-characterization-of-nano-metronidazole-by-planetary-ball-milling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Hydraulic L-Shaped Check Ball Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinji%20Kajiwara">Shinji Kajiwara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spring-driven ball-type check valve is one of the most important components of hydraulic systems: it controls the position of the ball and prevents backward flow. To simplify the structure, the spring must be eliminated, and to accomplish this, the flow pattern and the behavior of the check ball in L-shaped pipe must be determined. In this paper, we present a full-scale model of a check ball made of acrylic resin, and we determine the relationship between the initial position of the ball, the position and diameter of the inflow port. The check flow rate increases in a standard center inflow model, and it is possible to greatly decrease the check-flow rate by shifting the inflow from the center. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulics" title="hydraulics">hydraulics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20flow" title=" pipe flow"> pipe flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20visualization" title=" flow visualization"> flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=check%20ball" title=" check ball"> check ball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-shaped%20pipe" title=" L-shaped pipe "> L-shaped pipe </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24526/numerical-simulation-and-experimental-validation-of-the-hydraulic-l-shaped-check-ball-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> Comparison of User Experience in VR When Hand Gestures Are Used vs. Using Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanu%20Muhammed%20C.">Sanu Muhammed C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihal%20Vadakkan"> Nihal Vadakkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahil%20Athrij"> Sahil Athrij</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasi%20Gopalan"> Sasi Gopalan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the content entertainment industry is dominated by mobile devices. As the trends slowly shift towards AR/VR applications, the user experience on these devices should be considered, and we are trying to improve user experience in VR. This paper proposes a survey-based solution to improve user experience in VR. By creating a VR environment where users can move a ball from one position to another using a remote controller and another VR environment where users can move a ball from one place to another using hand gestures/ By allowing a set of audience to use these two environments, we can get their feedback. There are two steps in this comparison, 1) Using Hand Gestures To Move Ball In VR Environment: Here, we create a VR environment where two baskets are there, and one ball will be there in a basket. Here users can transfer the ball to another basket using hand gestures. They will be able to move the ball using hand gestures. 2) Using Remote Control To Move Ball In VR Environment: Here, we create a VR environment where two baskets are there, and one ball will be there in a basket. Here users can transfer the ball to another basket using a remote control. They will be able to move the ball using a remote controller. The above two environments are given to users to experience, and their responses will be recorded to compare the user experience in the above two environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title="virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20experience" title=" user experience"> user experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20gestures" title=" hand gestures"> hand gestures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20control" title=" remote control"> remote control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159470/comparison-of-user-experience-in-vr-when-hand-gestures-are-used-vs-using-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Application of Modal Analysis for Commissioning of a Ball Screw System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20D.%20Tran">T. D. Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Schlegel"> H. Schlegel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Neugebauer"> R. Neugebauer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ball screws are an important component in machine tools. In mechatronic systems and machine tools, a ball screw has to work usually at a high speed. Otherwise the axial compliance of the ball screw, in combination with the inertia of the slide, the motor, the coupling and the screw, will cause an oscillation resonance, which limits the systems bandwidth and consequently influences performance of the motion controller. In this paper, the modal analysis method by measuring and analysing the vibrating parameters of the ball screw system to determine the dynamic characteristic of existing structures is used. On the one hand, the results of this study were obtained by the theoretical analysis and the modal testing of a ball screw system test station with the help of an impact hammer, respectively using excitation by motor. The experimental study showed oscillating forms of the ball screw for each frequency and obtained eigenfrequencies of the ball screw system. On the other hand, in this research a simulation with the help of the numerical modal analysis in order to analyse the oscillation and to find the eigenfrequencies of the ball screw system is used. Furthermore, the model order reduction by modal reduction and also according to Guyan is carried out. On the basis of these results a secure and also rapid commissioning of the control loops with regard to operating in their optimal function is targeted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20analysis" title="modal analysis">modal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20screw" title=" ball screw"> ball screw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller%20system" title=" controller system"> controller system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20tools" title=" machine tools"> machine tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22744/application-of-modal-analysis-for-commissioning-of-a-ball-screw-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> Highly Accurate Tennis Ball Throwing Machine with Intelligent Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferenc%20Kov%C3%A1cs">Ferenc Kovács</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%A1bor%20Hossz%C3%BA"> Gábor Hosszú</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents an advanced control system for tennis ball throwing machines to improve their accuracy according to the ball impact points. A further advantage of the system is the much easier calibration process involving the intelligent solution of the automatic adjustment of the stroking parameters according to the ball elasticity, the self-calibration, the use of the safety margin at very flat strokes and the possibility to placing the machine to any position of the half court. The system applies mathematical methods to determine the exact ball trajectories and special approximating processes to access all points on the aimed half court. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title="control system">control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20programming" title=" robot programming"> robot programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20control" title=" robot control"> robot control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20equipment" title=" sports equipment"> sports equipment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throwing%20machine" title=" throwing machine"> throwing machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36393/highly-accurate-tennis-ball-throwing-machine-with-intelligent-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> Developing an Intelligent Table Tennis Ball Machine with Human Play Simulation for Technical Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Chi%20An">Chen-Chi An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Yi%20He"> Jun-Yi He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Han%20Hsieh"> Cheng-Han Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Ching%20Ting"> Chen-Ching Ting</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research has successfully developed an intelligent table tennis ball machine with human play simulate all situations of human play to take the service. It is well known; an excellent ball machine can help the table tennis coach to provide more efficient teaching, also give players the good technical training and entertainment. An excellent ball machine should be able to service all balls based on human play simulation due to the conventional competitions are today all taken place for people. In this work, two counter-rotating wheels are used to service the balls, where changing the absolute rotating speeds of the two wheels and the differences of rotating speeds between the two wheels can adjust the struck forces and the rotating speeds of the ball. The relationships between the absolute rotating speed of the two wheels and the struck forces of the ball as well as the differences rotating speeds between the two wheels and the rotating speeds of the ball are experimentally determined for technical development. The outlet speed, the ejected distance, and the rotating speed of the ball were measured by changing the absolute rotating speeds of the two wheels in terms of a series of differences in rotating speed between the two wheels for calibration of the ball machine; where the outlet speed and the ejected distance of the ball were further converted to the struck forces of the ball. In process, the balls serviced by the intelligent ball machine were based on the received calibration curves with help of the computer. Experiments technically used photosensitive devices to detect the outlet and rotating speed of the ball. Finally, this research developed some teaching programs for technical training using three ball machines and received more efficient training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=table%20tennis" title="table tennis">table tennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20machine" title=" ball machine"> ball machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20play%20simulation" title=" human play simulation"> human play simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter-rotating%20wheels" title=" counter-rotating wheels"> counter-rotating wheels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49530/developing-an-intelligent-table-tennis-ball-machine-with-human-play-simulation-for-technical-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Interaction Behavior of a Bouncing Ball upon a Flexible Surface Impacted in Two Dimensions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiwat%20Chumai">Wiwat Chumai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perawit%20Boonsomchua"> Perawit Boonsomchua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanjana%20Ongkasin"> Kanjana Ongkasin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ball bouncing problem is a well-known problem in physics involving a ball dropped from a height to the ground. In this paper, the work investigates the theoretical and experimental setup that describes the dynamics of a rigid body on a chaotic elastic surface under air-damp conditions. Examination of four different types of balls is made, including marble, metal ball, tennis ball, and ping-pong ball. In this experiment, the effect of impact velocities is not considered; the ball is dropped from a fixed height. The method in this work employs the Rayleigh Dissipation Function to specify the effects of dissipative forces in Lagrangian mechanics. Our discoveries reveal that the dynamics of the ball exhibit horizontal motion while damping oscillation occurs, forming the destabilization in vertical pinch-off motion. Moreover, rotational motion is studied. According to the investigation of four different balls, the outcomes illustrate that greater mass results in more frequent dynamics, and the experimental results at some points align with the theoretical model. This knowledge contributes to our understanding of the complex fluid system and could serve as a foundation for further developments in water droplet simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet" title="droplet">droplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20oscillation" title=" damping oscillation"> damping oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20damping%20oscillation" title=" nonlinear damping oscillation"> nonlinear damping oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bouncing%20ball%20problem" title=" bouncing ball problem"> bouncing ball problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20surface" title=" elastic surface"> elastic surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186488/theoretical-and-experimental-investigation-of-the-interaction-behavior-of-a-bouncing-ball-upon-a-flexible-surface-impacted-in-two-dimensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> Electromyographic Analysis of Trunk Muscle Activity of Healthy Individuals While Catching a Ball on Three Different Seating Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20H.%20%20ALQahtani">Hanan H. ALQahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Jones"> Karen Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Catching a ball during sitting is a functional exercise commonly used in rehabilitation to enhance trunk muscle activity. To progress this exercise, physiotherapists incorporate a Swiss ball or change seat height. However, no study has assessed the effect of different seating surfaces on trunk muscle activity while catching a ball. Objective: To investigate the effect of catching a ball during sitting on a Swiss ball, a low seat and a high seat on trunk muscle activity. Method: A repeated-measures, counterbalanced design was used. A total of 26 healthy participants (15 female and 11 male) performed three repetitions of catching a ball on each seating surface. Using surface electromyography (sEMG), the activity of the bilateral transversus abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES) and lumbar multifidus (MF) was recorded. Trunk muscle activity was normalized using maximum voluntary isometric contraction and analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05. Results: No significant differences were observed in the activity of RA, TrA/IO, ES or MF between a low seat and a Swiss ball. However, the activity of the right and left ES on a low seat was significantly greater than on a high seat (p = .017 and p = .017, respectively). Conversely, the activity of the right and left RA on a high seat was significantly greater than on a low seat (p = .007 and p = .004, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that replacing a low seat with a Swiss ball while catching a ball is insufficient to increase trunk muscle activity, whereas changing the seat height could induce different trunk muscle activities. However, research conducted on patients is needed before translating these results into clinical settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catching" title="catching">catching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title=" electromyography"> electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seating" title=" seating"> seating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trunk" title=" trunk"> trunk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140046/electromyographic-analysis-of-trunk-muscle-activity-of-healthy-individuals-while-catching-a-ball-on-three-different-seating-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Trajectory Tracking Controller Based on Normalized Right Coprime Factorization Technique for the Ball and Plate System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martins%20Olatunbosun%20Babatunde">Martins Olatunbosun Babatunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammed%20Bashir%20Muazu"> Muhammed Bashir Muazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Adewale%20Adedokun"> Emmanuel Adewale Adedokun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of a double-loop trajectory-tracking controller for the ball and plate system (BPS) using the Normalized Right Coprime Factorization (NRCF) scheme.The Linear Algebraic (LA) method is used to design the inner loop required to stabilize the ball, while H-infinity NRCF method, that involved the lead-lag compensator design approach, is used to develop the outer loop that controls the plate. Simulation results show that the plate was stabilized at 0.2989 seconds and the ball was able to settle after 0.9646 seconds, with a trajectory tracking error of 0.0036. This shows that the controller has good adaptability and robustness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20and%20plate%20system" title="ball and plate system">ball and plate system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20right%20coprime%20factorization" title=" normalized right coprime factorization"> normalized right coprime factorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20algebraic%20method" title=" linear algebraic method"> linear algebraic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensator" title=" compensator"> compensator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller" title=" controller"> controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracking." title=" tracking."> tracking.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146882/trajectory-tracking-controller-based-on-normalized-right-coprime-factorization-technique-for-the-ball-and-plate-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> A Mathematical Model for 3-DOF Rotary Accuracy Measurement Method Based on a Ball Lens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hau-Wei%20Lee">Hau-Wei Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chi%20Liu"> Yu-Chi Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Hung%20Liu"> Chien-Hung Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mathematical model is presented for a system that measures rotational errors in a shaft using a ball lens. The geometric optical characteristics of the ball lens mounted on the shaft allows the measurement of rotation axis errors in both the radial and axial directions. The equipment used includes two quadrant detectors (QD), two laser diodes and a ball lens that is mounted on the rotating shaft to be evaluated. Rotational errors in the shaft cause changes in the optical geometry of the ball lens. The resulting deflection of the laser beams is detected by the QDs and their output signals are used to determine rotational errors. The radial and the axial rotational errors can be calculated as explained by the mathematical model. Results from system calibration show that the measurement error is within ±1 m and resolution is about 20 nm. Using a direct drive motor (DD motor) as an example, experimental results show a rotational error of less than 20 m. The most important features of this system are that it does not require the use of expensive optical components, it is small, very easy to set up, and measurements are highly accurate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20lens" title="ball lens">ball lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrant%20detector" title=" quadrant detector"> quadrant detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20error" title=" axial error"> axial error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20error" title=" radial error"> radial error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26125/a-mathematical-model-for-3-dof-rotary-accuracy-measurement-method-based-on-a-ball-lens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> Robust Design of a Ball Joint Considering Uncertainties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bong-Su%20Sin">Bong-Su Sin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Kyu%20Kim"> Jong-Kyu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Il%20Song"> Se-Il Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwon-Hee%20Lee"> Kwon-Hee Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An automobile ball joint is a pivoting element used to allow rotational motion between the parts of the steering and suspension system. And it plays a role in smooth transmission of steering movement, also reduction in impact from the road surface. A ball joint is under various repeated loadings that may cause cracks and abrasion. This damages lead to safety problems of a car, as well as reducing the comfort of the driver's ride, and raise questions about the ball joint procedure and the whole durability of the suspension system. Accordingly, it is necessary to ensure the high durability and reliability of a ball joint. The structural responses of stiffness and pull-out strength were then calculated to check if the design satisfies the related requirements. The analysis was sequentially performed, following the caulking process. In this process, the deformation and stress results obtained from the analysis were saved. Sequential analysis has a strong advantage, in that it can be analyzed by considering the deformed shape and residual stress. The pull-out strength means the required force to pull the ball stud out from the ball joint assembly. The low pull-out strength can deteriorate the structural stability and safety performances. In this study, two design variables and two noise factors were set up. Two design variables were the diameter of a stud and the angle of a socket. And two noise factors were defined as the uncertainties of Young's modulus and yield stress of a seat. The DOE comprises 81 cases using these conditions. Robust design of a ball joint was performed using the DOE. The pull-out strength was generated from the uncertainties in the design variables and the design parameters. The purpose of robust design is to find the design with target response and smallest variation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20joint" title="ball joint">ball joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pull-out%20strength" title=" pull-out strength"> pull-out strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20design" title=" robust design"> robust design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20experiments" title=" design of experiments"> design of experiments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12084/robust-design-of-a-ball-joint-considering-uncertainties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> Advancing in Cricket Analytics: Novel Approaches for Pitch and Ball Detection Employing OpenCV and YOLOV8</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratham%20Madnur">Pratham Madnur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prathamkumar%20Shetty"> Prathamkumar Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sneha%20Varur"> Sneha Varur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gouri%20Parashetti"> Gouri Parashetti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to overcome conventional obstacles, this research paper investigates novel approaches for cricket pitch and ball detection that make use of cutting-edge technologies. The research integrates OpenCV for pitch inspection and modifies the YOLOv8 model for cricket ball detection in order to overcome the shortcomings of manual pitch assessment and traditional ball detection techniques. To ensure flexibility in a range of pitch environments, the pitch detection method leverages OpenCV’s color space transformation, contour extraction, and accurate color range defining features. Regarding ball detection, the YOLOv8 model emphasizes the preservation of minor object details to improve accuracy and is specifically trained to the unique properties of cricket balls. The methods are more reliable because of the careful preparation of the datasets, which include novel ball and pitch information. These cutting-edge methods not only improve cricket analytics but also set the stage for flexible methods in more general sports technology applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenCV" title="OpenCV">OpenCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YOLOv8" title=" YOLOv8"> YOLOv8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cricket" title=" cricket"> cricket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custom%20dataset" title=" custom dataset"> custom dataset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title=" computer vision"> computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports" title=" sports"> sports</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182020/advancing-in-cricket-analytics-novel-approaches-for-pitch-and-ball-detection-employing-opencv-and-yolov8" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Ball-End Milling Process upon Residual Stresses and Cutting Forces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkacem%20Chebil%20Sonia">Belkacem Chebil Sonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bensalem%20Wacef"> Bensalem Wacef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of ball end milling models includes only the influence of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut). Furthermore, this influence is studied in most of works on cutting force. Therefore, this study proposes an accurate ball end milling process modeling which includes also the influence of tool workpiece inclination. In addition, a characterization of residual stresses resulting of thermo mechanical loading in the workpiece was also presented. Moreover, the study of the influence of tool workpiece inclination and cutting parameters was made on residual stresses distribution. In order to achieve the predetermination of cutting forces and residual stresses during a milling operation, a thermo mechanical three-dimensional numerical model of ball end milling was developed. Furthermore, an experimental companion of ball end milling tests was realized on a 5-axis machining center to determine the cutting forces and characterize the residual stresses. The simulation results are compared with the experiment to validate the Finite Element Model and subsequently identify the optimum inclination angle and cutting parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20end%20milling" title="ball end milling">ball end milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20forces" title=" cutting forces"> cutting forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20parameters" title=" cutting parameters"> cutting parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool-workpiece%20inclination" title=" tool-workpiece inclination"> tool-workpiece inclination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46279/experimental-and-numerical-analysis-of-the-effects-of-ball-end-milling-process-upon-residual-stresses-and-cutting-forces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> Generating Arabic Fonts Using Rational Cubic Ball Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakharuddin%20Ibrahim">Fakharuddin Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaludin%20Md.%20Ali"> Jamaludin Md. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ramli"> Ahmad Ramli </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we will discuss about the data interpolation by using the rational cubic Ball curve. To generate a curve with a better and satisfactory smoothness, the curve segments must be connected with a certain amount of continuity. The continuity that we will consider is of type G<sup>1</sup> continuity. The conditions considered are known as the G<sup>1</sup> Hermite condition. A simple application of the proposed method is to generate an Arabic font satisfying the required continuity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20interpolation" title="data interpolation">data interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20ball%20curve" title=" rational ball curve"> rational ball curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hermite%20condition" title=" hermite condition"> hermite condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuity" title=" continuity"> continuity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44202/generating-arabic-fonts-using-rational-cubic-ball-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">391</span> Influence of Ball Milling Time on Mechanical Properties of Porous Ti-20Nb-5Ag Alloy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Shivaram">M. J. Shivaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashi%20Bhushan%20Arya"> Shashi Bhushan Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagannath%20Nayak"> Jagannath Nayak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Bhooshan%20Panigrahi"> Bharat Bhooshan Panigrahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Titanium and its alloys have become more significant implant materials due to their mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance. Biomaterials can be produce by using the powder metallurgy (PM) methods and required properties can tailored by varying the processing parameters, such as ball milling time, space holder particles, and sintering temperature. The desired properties such as, structural and mechanical properties can be obtained by powder metallurgy method.  In the present study, deals with fabrication of solid and porous Ti-20Nb-5Ag alloy using high energy ball milling for different times (5 and 20 h). The resultant powder particles were used to fabricate solid and porous Ti-20Nb-5Ag alloy by adding space holder particles (NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub>). The resultant powder particles, fabricated solid and porous samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compressive strength, elastic modulus and microhardness properties were investigated. Solid and porous Ti-20Nb-5Ag alloy samples showed good mechanical properties for 20 h ball milling time as compare to 5 h ball milling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20milling" title="ball milling">ball milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strengths" title=" compressive strengths"> compressive strengths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20titanium%20alloy" title=" porous titanium alloy"> porous titanium alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71227/influence-of-ball-milling-time-on-mechanical-properties-of-porous-ti-20nb-5ag-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">390</span> Fast and Efficient Algorithms for Evaluating Uniform and Nonuniform Lagrange and Newton Curves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taweechai%20Nuntawisuttiwong">Taweechai Nuntawisuttiwong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasha%20Dejdumrong"> Natasha Dejdumrong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Newton-Lagrange Interpolations are widely used in numerical analysis. However, it requires a quadratic computational time for their constructions. In computer aided geometric design (CAGD), there are some polynomial curves: Wang-Ball, DP and Dejdumrong curves, which have linear time complexity algorithms. Thus, the computational time for Newton-Lagrange Interpolations can be reduced by applying the algorithms of Wang-Ball, DP and Dejdumrong curves. In order to use Wang-Ball, DP and Dejdumrong algorithms, first, it is necessary to convert Newton-Lagrange polynomials into Wang-Ball, DP or Dejdumrong polynomials. In this work, the algorithms for converting from both uniform and non-uniform Newton-Lagrange polynomials into Wang-Ball, DP and Dejdumrong polynomials are investigated. Thus, the computational time for representing Newton-Lagrange polynomials can be reduced into linear complexity. In addition, the other utilizations of using CAGD curves to modify the Newton-Lagrange curves can be taken. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrange%20interpolation" title="Lagrange interpolation">Lagrange interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20complexity" title=" linear complexity"> linear complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monomial%20matrix" title=" monomial matrix"> monomial matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newton%20interpolation" title=" Newton interpolation"> Newton interpolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110424/fast-and-efficient-algorithms-for-evaluating-uniform-and-nonuniform-lagrange-and-newton-curves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">389</span> Evaluating Cognition and Movement Coordination of Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities through Ball Games</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wann-Yun%20Shieh">Wann-Yun Shieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Yi%20Kathy%20Cheng"> Hsin-Yi Kathy Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Ying%20Ju"> Yan-Ying Ju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chun%20Yu"> Yu-Chun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Cheng%20Shieh"> Ya-Cheng Shieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adolescents who have intellectual disabilities often demonstrate maladaptive behaviors in their daily activities due to either physical abnormalities or neurological disorders. These adolescents commonly struggle with their cognition and movement coordination when it comes to executing tasks such as throwing or catching objects smoothly, quickly, and gracefully, in contrast to their typically developing peers. Simply measuring movement time and distance doesn't provide a comprehensive view of their performance challenges. In this study, a ball-playing approach was proposed to assess the cognition and movement coordination of adolescents with intellectual disabilities using a smart ball equipped with an embedded inertial sensor. Four distinct ball games were specifically designed for this smart ball: two focusing on lower limb activities (dribbling along a straight line and navigating a zigzag path) and two centered around upper limb tasks (picking up and throwing and catching the ball). The cognition and movement coordination of 25 adolescents with intellectual disabilities (average age 18.36 ± 2.46 years) with that of 25 typically developing adolescents (average age 18.36 ± 0.49 years) were compared in these four tests. The results clearly revealed significant differences in the cognition and movement coordination between the adolescents with intellectual disabilities and the typically developing adolescents. These differences encompassed aspects such as movement speed, hand-eye coordination, and control over objects across all the tests conducted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognition" title="cognition">cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disabilities" title=" intellectual disabilities"> intellectual disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=movement%20coordination" title=" movement coordination"> movement coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20ball" title=" smart ball"> smart ball</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173993/evaluating-cognition-and-movement-coordination-of-adolescents-with-intellectual-disabilities-through-ball-games" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">388</span> Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Ti3SiC2 and the Effect of TiC on Its</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bendaoudi%20Seif-Eddine">Bendaoudi Seif-Eddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bounazef%20Mokhtar"> Bounazef Mokhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wear behaviour of Ti3SiC2 coating in contact sliding under dry condition have been investigated on different pressures (0.1-0.8 MPa) at various speeds from 5 to 60 m/s. The ball-on-disc sliding-wear test was performed in ambient air with a relative humidity of 20%. An equation has been proposed to predict wear rates and describe sliding wear caused by Corundum ball on the studied material. The results show how the wear rate, measured by mass loss, varies in the range of (0.6 – 3.8 x E-6 mm3/Nm) with normal sliding distance under various test conditions; it increases with increasing load and rapidly with speed. The influence of TiC impurities on the wear behaviours was also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball-on-disc" title="ball-on-disc">ball-on-disc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry-sliding" title=" dry-sliding"> dry-sliding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti3SiC2" title=" Ti3SiC2"> Ti3SiC2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44824/dry-sliding-wear-behaviour-of-ti3sic2-and-the-effect-of-tic-on-its" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">387</span> Fracture Control of the Soda-Lime Glass in Laser Thermal Cleavage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jehnming%20Lin">Jehnming Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of the contact ball-lens on the soda lime glass in laser thermal cleavage with a cw Nd-YAG laser were investigated in this study. A contact ball-lens was adopted to generate a bending force on the crack formation of the soda-lime glass in the laser cutting process. The Nd-YAG laser beam (wavelength of 1064 nm) was focused through the ball-lens and transmitted to the soda-lime glass, which was coated with a carbon film on the surface with a bending force from a ball-lens to generate a tensile stress state on the surface cracking. The fracture was controlled by the contact ball-lens and a straight cutting was tested to demonstrate the feasibility. Experimental observations on the crack propagation from the leading edge, main section and trailing edge of the glass sheet were compared with various mechanical and thermal loadings. Further analyses on the stress under various laser powers and contact ball loadings were made to characterize the innovative technology. The results show that the distributions of the side crack at the leading and trailing edges are mainly dependent on the boundary condition, contact force, cutting speed and laser power. With the increase of the mechanical and thermal loadings, the region of the side cracks might be dramatically reduced with proper selection of the geometrical constraints. Therefore, the application of the contact ball-lens is a possible way to control the fracture in laser cleavage with improved cutting qualities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20cleavage" title="laser cleavage">laser cleavage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20analysis" title=" stress analysis"> stress analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20visualization" title=" crack visualization"> crack visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31854/fracture-control-of-the-soda-lime-glass-in-laser-thermal-cleavage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">386</span> Water-Controlled Fracturing with Fuzzy-Ball Fluid in Tight Gas Reservoirs of Deep Coal Measures in Sulige</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangchun%20Wang">Xiangchun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lihui%20Zheng"> Lihui Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maozong%20Gan"> Maozong Gan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Zhang"> Peng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong%20Wu"> Tong Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An%20Chang"> An Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deep coal measure tight gas reservoir in Sulige is usually reformed by fracturing, because the reservoir thickness is small, the water layers can be easily communicated during fracturing, which will lead to water production of gas wells and lower production of gas wells. Therefore, it is necessary to control water during fracturing in deep coal measure tight gas reservoir. Using fuzzy-ball fluid to control water fracturing can not only increase the output but also reduce the water output. The fuzzy-ball fluid was prepared indoors to carry out evaluation experiments. The fuzzy ball fluid was mixed in equal volume with the pre-fluid and formation water to test its compatibility. The core displacement device was used to test the gas and water breaking through the matrix and fractured cores blocked by fuzzy-ball fluid. The breakthrough pressure of the plunger tests its water blocking performance. The experimental results show that there is no precipitation after the fuzzy-ball fluid is mixed with the pad fluid and the formation water, respectively. The breakthrough pressure gradients of gas and water after the fuzzy-ball fluid plugged the cracks were 0.02MPa/cm and 0.04MPa/cm, respectively, and the breakthrough pressure gradients of gas and water after the matrix was plugged were 0.03MPa/cm and 0.2MPa/cm, respectively, which meet the requirements of field operation. Two wells A and B in the Sulige Gas Field were used on site to implement water control fracturing. After the pre-fluid was injected into the two wells, 50m3 of fuzzy-ball fluid was pumped to plug the water. The construction went smoothly. After water control and fracturing, the average daily output in 161 days was increased by 13.71% and 6.99% compared with that of adjacent wells in the same layer. The adjacent wells were bubbled for 3 times and 63 times respectively, while there was no effusion in A and B construction wells. The results show that fuzzy-ball fluid is a water plugging material suitable for water control fracturing in tight gas wells, and its water control mechanism can also provide a new idea for the development of water control fracturing materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam" title="coal seam">coal seam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20layer" title=" deep layer"> deep layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracking" title=" fracking"> fracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy-ball%20fluid" title=" fuzzy-ball fluid"> fuzzy-ball fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20reconstruction" title=" reservoir reconstruction"> reservoir reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137940/water-controlled-fracturing-with-fuzzy-ball-fluid-in-tight-gas-reservoirs-of-deep-coal-measures-in-sulige" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">385</span> Finite Element Analysis of Ball-Joint Boots under Environmental and Endurance Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Doo%20Kwon">Young-Doo Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Hwa%20Jun"> Seong-Hwa Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Jin%20Lee"> Dong-Jin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung-Seok%20Lee"> Hyung-Seok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ball joints support and guide certain automotive parts that move relative to the frame of the vehicle. Such ball joints are covered and protected from dust, mud, and other interfering materials by ball-joint boots made of rubber—a flexible and near-incompressible material. The boots may experience twisting and bending deformations because of the motion of the joint arm. Thus, environmental and endurance tests of ball-joint boots apply both bending and twisting deformations. In this study, environmental and endurance testing was simulated via the finite element method performed by using a commercial software package. The ranges of principal stress and principal strain values that are known to directly affect the fatigue lives of the parts were sought. By defining these ranges, the number of iterative tests and modifications of the materials and dimensions of the boot can be decreased. Therefore, instead of performing actual part tests, manufacturers can perform standard fatigue tests in trials of different materials by applying only the defined range of stress or strain values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boot" title="boot">boot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance%20tests" title=" endurance tests"> endurance tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber" title=" rubber"> rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEA" title=" FEA"> FEA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50962/finite-element-analysis-of-ball-joint-boots-under-environmental-and-endurance-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">384</span> Prediction of Product Size Distribution of a Vertical Stirred Mill Based on Breakage Kinetics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20R.%20Danielle">C. R. Danielle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Erik"> S. Erik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Patrick"> T. Patrick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hugh"> M. Hugh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decade there has been an increase in demand for fine grinding due to the depletion of coarse-grained orebodies and an increase of processing fine disseminated minerals and complex orebodies. These ores have provided new challenges in concentrator design because fine and ultra-fine grinding is required to achieve acceptable recovery rates. Therefore, the correct design of a grinding circuit is important for minimizing unit costs and increasing product quality. The use of ball mills for grinding in fine size ranges is inefficient and, therefore, vertical stirred grinding mills are becoming increasingly popular in the mineral processing industry due to its already known high energy efficiency. This work presents a hypothesis of a methodology to predict the product size distribution of a vertical stirred mill using a Bond ball mill. The Population Balance Model (PBM) was used to empirically analyze the performance of a vertical mill and a Bond ball mill. The breakage parameters obtained for both grinding mills are compared to determine the possibility of predicting the product size distribution of a vertical mill based on the results obtained from the Bond ball mill. The biggest advantage of this methodology is that most of the minerals processing laboratories already have a Bond ball mill to perform the tests suggested in this study. Preliminary results show the possibility of predicting the performance of a laboratory vertical stirred mill using a Bond ball mill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20ball%20mill" title="bond ball mill">bond ball mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20balance%20model" title=" population balance model"> population balance model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20size%20distribution" title=" product size distribution"> product size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20stirred%20mill" title=" vertical stirred mill"> vertical stirred mill</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62771/prediction-of-product-size-distribution-of-a-vertical-stirred-mill-based-on-breakage-kinetics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">383</span> High-Speed Cutting of Inconel 625 Using Carbide Ball End Mill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazumasa%20Kawasaki">Kazumasa Kawasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsuya%20Fukazawa"> Katsuya Fukazawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nickel-based superalloys are an important class of engineering material within the aerospace and power generation, due to their excellent combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, including high-temperature applications Inconel 625 is one of such superalloys and difficult-to-machine material. In cutting of Inconel 625 superalloy with a ball end mill, the problem of adhesive wear often occurs. However, the proper cutting conditions are not known so much because of lack of study examples. In this study, the experiments using ball end mills made of carbide tools were tried to find the best cutting conditions out following qualifications. Using Inconel 625 superalloy as a work material, three kinds of experiment, with the revolution speed of 5000 rpm, 8000 rpm, and 10000 rpm, were performed under dry cutting conditions in feed speed per tooth of 0.045 mm/ tooth, depth of cut of 0.1 mm. As a result, in the case of 8000 rpm, it was successful to cut longest with the least wear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inconel%20625" title="Inconel 625">Inconel 625</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20end%20mill" title=" ball end mill"> ball end mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbide%20tool" title=" carbide tool"> carbide tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20cutting" title=" high speed cutting"> high speed cutting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20wear" title=" tool wear"> tool wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98349/high-speed-cutting-of-inconel-625-using-carbide-ball-end-mill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">382</span> Surface Integrity Improvement for Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Additive Manufacturing of C300 Parts Using Ball Burnishing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Travieso%20Disotuar">Adrian Travieso Disotuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Antonio%20Travieso%20Rodriguez"> J. Antonio Travieso Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramon%20Jerez%20Mesa"> Ramon Jerez Mesa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montserrat%20Vilaseca"> Montserrat Vilaseca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of the non-vibration-assisted and vibration-assisted ball burnishing on both the surface and mechanical properties of C300 obtained by Selective Laser Melting additive manufacturing technology is studied in this paper. Different vibration amplitudes preloads, and burnishing strategies were tested. A topographical analysis was performed to determine the surface roughness of the different conditions. Besides, micro tensile tests were carried out in situ on Scanning Electron Microscopy to elucidate the post-treatment effects on damaging mechanisms. Experiments show that vibration-assisted ball burnishing significantly enhances mechanical properties compared to the non-vibration-assisted method. Moreover, it was found that the surface roughness was significantly improved with respect to the reference surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20burnishing" title=" ball burnishing"> ball burnishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals" title=" metals"> metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174860/surface-integrity-improvement-for-selective-laser-melting-slm-additive-manufacturing-of-c300-parts-using-ball-burnishing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">381</span> The Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Estimate Performance in Ball Tasks Objectively</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kougioumtzis%20Konstantin">Kougioumtzis Konstantin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rylander%20P%C3%A4r"> Rylander Pär</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karlsteen%20Magnus"> Karlsteen Magnus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ball skills as a subset of fundamental motor skills are predictors for performance in sports. Currently, most tools evaluate ball skills utilizing subjective ratings. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a newly developed instrument to objectively measure ball handling skills (BHS-test) utilizing digital instrument. Participants were a convenience sample of 213 adolescents (age M = 17.1 years, SD =3.6; 55% females, 45% males) recruited from upper secondary schools and invited to a sports hall for the assessment. The 8-item instrument incorporated both accuracy-based ball skill tests and repetitive-performance tests with a ball. Testers counted performance manually in the four tests (one throwing and three juggling tasks). Furthermore, assessment was technologically enhanced in the other four tests utilizing a ball machine, a Kinect camera and balls with motion sensors (one balancing and three rolling tasks). 3D printing technology was used to construct equipment, while all results were administered digitally with smart phones/tablets, computers and a specially constructed application to send data to a server. The instrument was deemed reliable (α = .77) and principal component analysis was used in a random subset (53 of the participants). Furthermore, latent variable modeling was employed to confirm the structure with the remaining subset (160 of the participants). The analysis showed good factorial-related validity with one factor explaining 57.90 % of the total variance. Four loadings were larger than .80, two more exceeded .76 and the other two were .65 and .49. The one factor solution was confirmed by a first order model with one general factor and an excellent fit between model and data (χ² = 16.12, DF = 20; RMSEA = .00, CI90 .00–.05; CFI = 1.00; SRMR = .02). The loadings on the general factor ranged between .65 and .83. Our findings indicate good reliability and construct validity for the BHS-test. To develop the instrument further, more studies are needed with various age-groups, e.g. children. We suggest using the BHS-test for diagnostic or assessment purpose for talent development and sports participation interventions that focus on ball games. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball-handling%20skills" title="ball-handling skills">ball-handling skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball-handling%20ability" title=" ball-handling ability"> ball-handling ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technologically-enhanced%20measurements" title=" technologically-enhanced measurements"> technologically-enhanced measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158678/the-psychometric-properties-of-an-instrument-to-estimate-performance-in-ball-tasks-objectively" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">380</span> An Investigation into the Isolation and Bandwidth Characteristics of X-Band Chireix Power Amplifier Combiners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20P.%20Clayton">Daniel P. Clayton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20A.%20Ball"> Edward A. Ball</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes an investigation into the isolation characteristics and bandwidth performance of RF combiners that are used as part of Chireix PA architectures, designed for use in the X-Band range of frequencies. Combiner designs investigated are the typical Chireix and Wilkinson configurations which also include simulation of the Wilkinson using manufacturer’s data for the isolation resistor. Another simulation was the less common approach of using a Branchline coupler to form the combiner, as well as simulation results from adding an additional stage. This paper presents the findings of this investigation and compares the bandwidth performance and isolation characteristics to determine suitability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title="bandwidth">bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chireix" title=" Chireix"> Chireix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=couplers" title=" couplers"> couplers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outphasing" title=" outphasing"> outphasing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20amplifiers" title=" power amplifiers"> power amplifiers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilkinson" title=" Wilkinson"> Wilkinson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-Band" title=" X-Band"> X-Band</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156660/an-investigation-into-the-isolation-and-bandwidth-characteristics-of-x-band-chireix-power-amplifier-combiners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">379</span> The Use of Eye Tracking in Evaluating the Success of Golfers in Putting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kl%C3%A1ra%20Gajdo%C5%A1%C3%ADkov%C3%A1">Klára Gajdošíková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to examine the quiet eye method and its components using the mobile eye tracking device. Quiet eye training was proven to be beneficial for different sports, including golf. The main idea of this method is to prolong your fixations on a specific place in order to improve your performance. The shot examined in this study is called putt. Its importance is based on its role on a golf course because, many times, it is the last putt that decides whether you win or lose. Quiet eye training helps players be more focused under pressure, control their attention and overall improve their putting success. Six highly skilled golfers with a handicap ranging from - 4 to + 4, aged 23 to 26, participated in a pilot study with the usage of an eye-tracking device. The study took place in an indoor training area at the golf club Hostivař. Crosstabs showed significant differences between individuals' laterality and their gaze into AOI - areas of interest (middle part of the ball, top of the ball, bottom of the ball, back side of the ball). Statistically significant differences were also discovered between the mean fixation duration of participants with AOI on the middle part of the ball and all other AOIs. The results of this study helped us understand the examined phenomena and showed us the next aim in future quiet eye research. Future research should focus on examining a quiet eye on the golf course. Applying a quiet eye and therefore changing the way we concentrate might be beneficial for coaches and players themselves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20tracking" title="eye tracking">eye tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golf" title=" golf"> golf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laterality" title=" laterality"> laterality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quiet%20eye" title=" quiet eye"> quiet eye</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147170/the-use-of-eye-tracking-in-evaluating-the-success-of-golfers-in-putting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">378</span> Parametric Study of Ball and Socket Joint for Bio-Mimicking Exoskeleton</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Roy">Mukesh Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basant%20Singh%20Sikarwar"> Basant Singh Sikarwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Prakash"> Ravi Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priya%20Ranjan"> Priya Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayush%20Goyal"> Ayush Goyal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> More than 11% of people suffer from weakness in the bone resulting in inability in walking or climbing stairs or from limited upper body and limb immobility. This motivates a fresh bio-mimicking solution to the design of an exo-skeleton to support human movement in the case of partial or total immobility either due to congenital or genetic factors or due to some accident or due to geratological factors. A deeper insight and detailed understanding is required into the workings of the ball and socket joints. Our research is to mimic ball and socket joints to design snugly fitting exoskeletons. Our objective is to design an exoskeleton which is comfortable and the presence of which is not felt if not in use. Towards this goal, a parametric study is conducted to provide detailed design parameters to fabricate an exoskeleton. This work builds up on real data of the design of the exoskeleton, so that the designed exo-skeleton will be able to provide required strength and support to the subject. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-mimicking" title="bio-mimicking">bio-mimicking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeleton" title=" exoskeleton"> exoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20joint" title=" ball joint"> ball joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socket%20joint" title=" socket joint"> socket joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20limb" title=" artificial limb"> artificial limb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20rehabilitation" title=" patient rehabilitation"> patient rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joints" title=" joints"> joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-machine%20interface" title=" human-machine interface"> human-machine interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20robotics" title=" wearable robotics"> wearable robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37015/parametric-study-of-ball-and-socket-joint-for-bio-mimicking-exoskeleton" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">377</span> Application of Japanese Origami Ball for Floating Multirotor Aerial Robot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20H.%20Le">P. H. Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Molina"> J. Molina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hirai"> S. Hirai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we propose the application of Japanese “Origami” art for a floating function of a small aerial vehicle such as a hexarotor. A preliminary experiment was conducted using Origami magic balls mounted under a hexarotor. This magic ball can expand and shrink using an air pump during free flying. Using this interesting and functional concept, it promises to reduce the resistance of wind as well as reduce the energy consumption when the Origami balls are deflated. This approach can be particularly useful in rescue emergency situations. Furthermore, there are many unexpected reasons that may cause the multi-rotor has to land on the surface of water due to problems with the communication between the aircraft and the ground station. In addition, a complementary experiment was designed to prove that the hexarotor can fly maintaining the stability and also, takes off and lands on the surface of water using air balloons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helicopter" title="helicopter">helicopter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20origami%20ball" title=" Japanese origami ball"> Japanese origami ball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating" title=" floating"> floating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20robots" title=" aerial robots"> aerial robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rescue" title=" rescue"> rescue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14468/application-of-japanese-origami-ball-for-floating-multirotor-aerial-robot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">376</span> Modelling, Simulation, and Experimental Validation of the Influence of Golf-Ball-Inspired Dimpled Design in Drag Reduction and Improved Fuel Efficiency of Super-Mileage Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibin%20Sagaram">Bibin Sagaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronith%20Stanly"> Ronith Stanly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Suneesh"> S. S. Suneesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the dwindling supply of fuel reserves, engineers and designers now focus on fuel efficient designs for the solution of any problem; the transportation industry is not new to this kind of approach. Though the aerodynamic benefits of the dimples on a Golf-ball are known, it has never been scientifically tested on how such a design philosophy can improve the fuel efficiency of a real-life vehicle by imparting better aerodynamic performance. The main purpose of the paper is to establish the aerodynamic benefits of the Golf-ball-Inspired Dimpled Design in improving the fuel efficiency of a Super-mileage vehicle, constructed by Team Go Viridis for ‘Shell Eco Marathon Asia 2015’, and to predict the extent to which the results can be held valid for a road car. The body design was modeled in Autodesk Inventor and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out using Ansys Fluent software. The aerodynamic parameters of designs (with and without the Golf-ball-Inspired Dimples) have been studied and the results are experimentally validated against those obtained from wind tunnel tests carried out on a 1:10 scaled-down 3D printed model. Test drives of the Super-mileage vehicle were carried out, under various conditions, to compare the variation in fuel efficiency with and without the Golf-ball-Inspired design. Primary investigations reveal an aerodynamic advantage of 25% for the vehicle with the Golf Ball Inspired Dimpled Design as opposed to the normal design. Initial tests conducted by ‘Mythbusters’ on Discovery Network using a modified road car has shown positive results which has motivated us to conduct such a research work using a custom-built experimental Super-Mileage vehicle. The content of the paper becomes relevant to the present Automotive and Energy industry where improving the fuel efficiency is of the top most priority. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20efficiency" title=" fuel efficiency"> fuel efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golf%20ball" title=" golf ball"> golf ball</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42126/modelling-simulation-and-experimental-validation-of-the-influence-of-golf-ball-inspired-dimpled-design-in-drag-reduction-and-improved-fuel-efficiency-of-super-mileage-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20A.%20Ball&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20A.%20Ball&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20A.%20Ball&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20A.%20Ball&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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