CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c78958cc1d5f70',cH: '8lvpRyUgTsKvJoGDjZlU4i59uOYbm6n8zNIShM67mxw-1741323703-1.2.1.1-ue8MiLIL7VhXsNwxH6F7AAkTfBz6BpI5b05R9fpMGZ_YrSof0ujYNfG9Lgz.3Xjy',cUPMDTk: "\/10009574\/json?__cf_chl_tk=L6cvNnirOIZJVP6ROTGlc62xcGW0XIW7byx2AVuWrUk-1741323703-1.0.1.1-j4SNxA29tepI4J5AMhDv9Wee1FDav2w9TR8jjLJ3HD8",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741323703',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10009574\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=L6cvNnirOIZJVP6ROTGlc62xcGW0XIW7byx2AVuWrUk-1741323703-1.0.1.1-j4SNxA29tepI4J5AMhDv9Wee1FDav2w9TR8jjLJ3HD8",md: "bKRskolybo_gCdGDmS45BcYQ.9tvuX4XtBMoYVLwYVw-1741323703-1.2.1.1-wLSXFVoYwKONgVdUpTBwVjzFIWId0eTzlmqA3Vu5HDLKpepxO6eZj2O4v4Le_2g6mBGzJWGBWGhGYHo85adk0.AhPs9t7_ZEd3vtjj0BcdIpQIcCmOKRwB.OKpf93GZa7B4lQ0V3_kyyKR_67k2ObhuNfUWxmokz_.Z7vamZGO84OGa.fW98a5.kvay2swimuMWeITdQVqjN7Adt9AFfHL9vpIeQKpR7l47P3XFT4Qju97HJJ2jdHs83Kn.Yw_LJp8WDM5Hzxwc3ijbkjTDawTo4SLmhr4dj_2qfq9RkG4mMbEC6Hb3Ou43I0mK6yTq_fESgelWBEWLy8pToFDV2gwkLs5XLMMIfgj4T8JqLYHcdhxIN9VXi4FYQ25JJy0e2uRXfdIMiZ4igwJWp5WTuQfa646we1Wd0fI3G5lLGtOigeNDyavQoRaZDEQ1TxhU9dg6TPklYIQW7k.hm.1Q_HF6uB4YN5sbpv36Ak1oq02GF6HsU7t49EofRKufcbh.KOh6vuM5TFQ6hSFRcXusRXx8wcf3hVK0niyshVabX5n7uzHmUohjyH5ItCa5I7jPlcmBzI0mgptkScac08gWkp1vMKuxRLQ4UXkJeIz4JiW1hf2hFUxkg9TYFX_SBAumEWgKNfssL_UzG9elluFW5JX4j2c5SvjVFi6olKcYnF06QUXki0KZbxqAWqOHefNLQco7vXEAQZpoussFBs5ULJHJ98NBPJLCa6kHKvqqxI15FyeEbdO4zp.lag2P4ZN6_mZuEZhUbESEQNgMUInneQpl8VW.pQakV1P2V4Xi7s2VhFn.9U65uvGFl6QVadB8_Nk0z96qxi1UVAl9C1fn3GTJOhhA5SaB2ZWi5_0GbS2MAxv_rgOsZ3lxse3FE2TMINKHkK1t6BJ2oiVknYQnVEFYH2L35fXDstavBCY1UV7vnXHK4ulbH2ApGij2ITWmT1dTGFR61FJTUvNvXoF3GVAiK8wmZTeMR5iqxvyhLLS95w.KXa_qU9JHlZewZGE.OQXJ.5QOg0g4QnwZMQgpC9.w3ZMm0EQKbC_7rAxrbn2osYeTp3yqL0PYbQm1OW59jnzqSFcOBK8jY_ejLJulE9vJJNg6kqoF9n1s6t0CYYnkMCxpy5FZi6oplnVSJHL52KYb1YwysLyLxi_GsBuwgcCNXCV.hmHMnHNGVbaGIAbS9ZPxTNkqFqfG_1uqkOnM9vmlXuaBqEyLuDIiRp.YvTA",mdrd: "Z1R4a9ObVPG_gOdNGnvLO_CtlR.a772l.oNcZHYJQf0-1741323703-1.2.1.1-Etu7Ci9xXKKgFTKNsFmHGA6NVRM4djQ3lfw5xuDm8Mz7YFdlPAP9rJHi9pqvFolyAgv466pxLpfIo8Ii4IYgzIgTXanyPK7OUuz0kIQ9yqlCRJ5BavSU3aGmy3qToUwymsOnP1oLr1QdQ.CT3zRpUzRV_G25MWHZOnxUX6OC7ZaY3TJg9usK8kIeJFT86LJl9Vxw6z1TV6C0d.zVivc97zE8awk3uwkT2EmYSbWIIIAFyq9yzxpoHWDoUfW1L76HIOtzDihEGjlVPpZfA_YBDZxBLbCG4RsSo3aJHHA091Mq1rIbwt82Aa5F.75Ocbgm.mbXqnLWoT0.jqWluGfhQP2FjRc0XLpThKTK7Zvpt.gLrKu_xkSq1JnIPuVrzQE2D2jcANCXmYrHh0B25NvbBE3PMyxhm5x9NWeYlujNUeDmTR4UargAA9NrsKvwJXKqCDjqxgkxzcpae303.Bg6gphY1hI_PUTW0RJYLNGry71C0DyupnjNNFAGoNpL2A1tXzkn5K8OwMu6IFsgAccD9I_iaqpGZQ6uhTYn.9A6FdNWGNKW4_CZQDCmV.4XOpk8t6REEWuid9CTPIJCXDfHIsJ8DupcjMRg_7k6EXtmrO54m1K1V2YgmgI4K6HA4ikqyTUvTh3cL3HYvynlMMOGJrIfH8u62X3LRrX5xYIQWcEZgGkrFQA3mAit8Hmu_y8LYMypXbpU.2e4Ldioe9NyJozN6IrlZjug8Sx_mLApnJ4dw4Gsao78g33U1sbUKYZB3oBVABUAMQWbqfj3v0JLe_.t6NukXtDnUJqMR1XIBGMJEodqJHHt0ih543_TT4XiOdHyO9vF7xZ5_t6IFCwZmh5Od3UtzNWoxsi9rvzKEVDE5o1tnRtNN_o7m66LW.BIczhw3yAmZ82XZTTi0zxyj1kkS_5Fa7qNBG5ECfKtmEmDbR6N7bDRWA6ss6WT.jVwanqn6vr867oxlXQ3b50TIjhuS746y4waOMSjG3igns8ZAZVk_RAEjevwMEl9uzy8QwFsZHScBd22cRNoaYg745Us8N1vwU7Ca5xtLHxviSs3fituOQTiDIvzYPQMJ9Y3sCBsjBiAxZUBpBt8.XqAaTrW4vAbyaSgKP_OgDuxXCx5CnYVxV7oUNp10hJIKfVuy52j5T99Ce2WOTElJ0Irmz3JsLKg79vDLYU1oLuw0M954_ChZVC8ZFsSMRlKe4t7eVct08iJ7b0KHCSAzZVsf84Fgm6H_hXAE1Hx8_SAWiVlLvfNBX72rXJ3akQyw4TcvcTTiQgZv__J_XqyDv8ZKX7ih4L8qXkjObgmVfk0kmIoBWB.uhFkhh16DxyFb1DmR.wYUQgjTi4Ur9dMUJyCY5QzqUtAw1lnz1TjC0QwVvX_bQ3noqsOOph14ahgZC2FN6lf406NVrhQDtLvhg0749sozcLejYBtPHSPa.ihTWwP3fq.awT6yXBYp6SQ0kUXLAVPL4rXEhpZ1Jl2MxHyEvsK_x.vFXN.gUnrjC0T2YOvHB91tmH9p94HouN4NqbpWk2ekq7vyHE3SMa0ZlXyKEIHcS2p1B2ymslVoaL0fIi3E2.gVJlm0s9urLAsqE5v_UfYenSUq3wVkmBP7TkjoG.LgsLW.rG5a_7z1ba_wAmyrrA2JHFjbtFtdV6PvpzTKVvT_OHFaBC.vK_RFgwMbAt0yIO2yQiUknNLocbc3cCMf.MdhTZWe1nXpRJnBf45MW0MpZfKpdGJCV.0YiMMYY.5EQR9FhUv5bSrzZBJgrM71hzccfPPp8De3sTOkpeJ70MNEaFY_QGaMgY_cTduqtICggUdfCUJyAR6rCcm3v27zAyk5XnQJjKhpxTp5KFh0sBsU8RBZ6gAUI5nADm7OKsAz.NL26qKW7CWvGqNyw99H6HOPuhUq.X6O41JpQ_WweHEijI4xYRFbrmCWz9CWouk6o6mcLgcqbuZbX5lzxHmlyAbE2pqgAlcBwkqFsIg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c78958cc1d5f70';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10009574\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=L6cvNnirOIZJVP6ROTGlc62xcGW0XIW7byx2AVuWrUk-1741323703-1.0.1.1-j4SNxA29tepI4J5AMhDv9Wee1FDav2w9TR8jjLJ3HD8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>