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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia","name":"This Week in Asia"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics","name":"Politics"},"position":2}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3289244/south-koreas-yoon-faces-impeachment-after-martial-law-blunder-political-suicide","@type":"WebPage"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":["NewsArticle","ReportageNewsArticle"],"alternativeHeadline":"‘Political suicide’: will martial law bid end Yoon’s presidency of South Korea?","articleBody":"South Korea’s opposition parties on Wednesday submitted a motion to impeach President Yoon Suk-yeol, who was facing pressure to leave office or be forced out hours after he ended a short-lived period of martial law.\nImpeaching Yoon would require the support of two-thirds of parliament for the motion and then the backing of at least six Constitutional Court justices. The motion, submitted jointly by the main opposition Democratic Party and five smaller opposition parties, could be put to a vote as early as Friday.\nYoon’s senior advisers and secretaries offered to resign collectively and his cabinet members, including Defence Minister Kim Yong Hyun, were also facing calls to step down, as the nation struggled to make sense of what appeared to be a poorly-thought-out stunt.\nThe turmoil erupted late on Tuesday with the issuance of Martial Law Decree No 1 by Army Chief of Staff Park Ahn-soo, Yoon’s martial law commander, which effectively suspended all political activities and banned protests nationwide.\nWhat followed was a swift unravelling: within just six hours, despite a police blockade, 190 out of 300 lawmakers defied the decree and converged on the National Assembly to unanimously pass a resolution demanding an immediate end to martial law.\n\nAs armed special forces dispatched to the site attempted to assert control, hundreds of furious protesters formed a human barricade, preventing troops from entering the Assembly building. Thousands more demonstrators gathered outside, shouting for Yoon’s arrest.\n“The reckless, unpopular president has effectively committed political suicide,” said Kang Won-taek, a political- science professor at Seoul National University, capturing the sentiment of a nation in disbelief.\nFew South Koreans could comprehend such an “abrupt and anachronistic” action, Kang told This Week in Asia.\nAmong the protesters was 24-year old musician Lee Dong-gil, who said he went to the National Assembly to make his voice heard.\n“There were police officers everywhere, and when I got to the main gate, there were a lot of people and broadcasting vehicles lined up,” he said, adding that he was hit after a small scuffle broke out.\nLee said he backed calls for Yoon’s removal. “We must ensure that the person who shook and destroyed a country comes down from that position,” he said.\nWith this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president\nKang Won-taek, political- science professor\n“He clearly acted out of desperation, as he faced mounting allegations of corruption and abuse of power involving himself and his wife,” political- science professor Kang said.\n“With this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president. It’s hard to imagine him staying in office for long.”\nOnline commentators speculated that Yoon’s rash actions might have been fuelled by a less-than-sober state of mind.\nSouth Korea’s won, Asia’s worst performing currency this year, stabilised on Wednesday after plunging more than 3 per cent shortly after initial news of the martial law decree broke. Stocks were hammered at the open, before recovering some of the losses by later morning to trade down 1.8 per cent. The country’s finance ministry said on Wednesday it was ready to deploy “unlimited” liquidity to stabilise financial markets.\n“The situation remains dynamic and evolving and markets could continue to experience volatility,” said David Chao, global market strategist at investment management company Invesco Asia-Pacific.\n\n\n\n\nRamon Pacheco Pardo, an international-relations professor at King’s College London, said Yoon would focus on trying to survive the next two or three days as the motion to impeach him can only pass if at least eight conservative lawmakers side with the liberal majority in the National Assembly.\n“He will focus his efforts on preventing this from happening,” he said.\nJenny Town, a senior fellow at the Stimson Centre and the director of its Korea programme and 38 North, said it was “disappointing that Washington didn’t condemn Yoon’s unlawful decree of martial law as a threat to democracy”.\nIn response to Yoon lifting martial law, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Washington welcomed the decision and continued “to expect political disagreements to be resolved peacefully”.\n“It’s hard to imagine that Yoon stays in power long after this,” Town told This Week in Asia. “Given this egregious breach of trust with the South Korean people, his party is unlikely to prevail should Yoon be forced to resign or be impeached.”\n\n\nTown noted the potential implications for US-South Korea relations of a leadership transition in Seoul, especially with Donald Trump preparing to return to office.\n“How the two might get along is an open question, especially if a new ROK president starts to pull back on some of Yoon’s forward-leaning foreign policies”, she said, using the acronym for South Korea’s formal name.\nThe political upheaval could also put the resilience of recently strengthened bilateral and trilateral cooperation between South Korea, Japan and the US to the test as North Korea deepens its military alliance with Russia, Town said.\n“Managing these multiple crises is going to place new stressors on regional and peninsular security as they feel out these shifting political dynamics”, she added.\nMichael Reiterer, a former EU ambassador to South Korea, echoed these concerns, pointing out that the move had severely tarnished South Korea’s reputation as an OECD member.\n“The attempt to cut out the parliamentary process, cumbersome as it might be, by emergency measures shows a lack of democratic conviction at the top echelons of the state,” he said.\n“As foreign policy starts at home, this impacts negatively on the effectiveness and credibility of policies. Trust always needs time to rebuild.”\n\nReiterer said the turmoil had rekindled “memories of the candlelight movement”, referring to the 2017 protests that led to former President Park Geun-hye’s impeachment and ousting.\nHe said the “positive side” was the response from civil society and parliamentarians, who had reached across the aisle and “saved democracy in acting swiftly and decisively”.\nThe crisis could serve as a “wake-up call” for rival political parties to unite for the common good, Reiterer said.\nThe implications of the turmoil extend beyond politics. “Loss of trust is reflected in the reaction of the financial and stock markets,” he said, noting that while the situation may stabilise over time, potential investors are likely to conduct “thorough risk evaluations”.\nAs South Korea leads in a number of emerging technologies and high-end semiconductors, the instability poses “negative security implications”, Reiterer said.\n“The Korean peninsula needs stability and a role model, exporting stability not instability in the volatile security environment of Northeast Asia,” he warned.\n\nLeif-Eric Easley, a political-science professor at Ewha University in Seoul, described Yoon’s late-night declaration of martial law as both “legal overreach and a political miscalculation, unnecessarily risking South Korea’s economy and security”.\n“With extremely low public support and without strong backing within his own party and administration, the president should have known how difficult it would be to implement his martial law decree”, he said.\n“He sounded like a politician under siege, making a desperate move against mounting scandals, institutional obstruction, and calls for impeachment, all of which are now likely to intensify.”\nNorth Korea would “probably take a wait-and-see approach” towards the turmoil, he said, “but it cannot be ruled out that Pyongyang will attempt to exploit divisions in Seoul”.\nYoon’s decision to lift the emergency declaration reduces the likelihood of violence or a constitutional crisis, but not the ongoing political instability, Easley said.\n“A prolonged stand-off between the executive and legislature will continue to produce political instability”, he said, stressing that while the US does not have a direct role in South Korea’s domestic affairs, it must remain a “steadfast ally”.\n“A troubling trend in many democracies is that polarisation and extreme measures to address deadlock are increasingly testing trust in international alliances.”\nAdditional reporting by Seong Hyeon Choi, Biman Mukherji, Maria Siow, Bloomberg\n","articleSection":"Politics","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Park Chan-kyong","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/park-chan-kyong"},"dateCreated":"2024-12-04T10:24:09+08:00","dateModified":"2024-12-04T15:40:51+08:00","datePublished":"2024-12-04T10:24:11+08:00","description":"The South Korean president’s failed martial law decree has led to turmoil, calls for his resignation and a motion to impeach him.","genre":"This Week in Asia","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".piano-metering__paywall-container","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"South Korea’s Yoon faces impeachment after martial law blunder: ‘political suicide’","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":2730},"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/9b6d2170-a973-44c3-884d-32a21711b96a_a9f35743.jpg","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":4095}},"inLanguage":"en-GB","isAccessibleForFree":"False","locationCreated":{"@type":"Place","name":"Hong Kong"},"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3289244/south-koreas-yoon-faces-impeachment-after-martial-law-blunder-political-suicide","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512},"url":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512}},"name":"South China Morning Post"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://www.scmp.com/policies-and-standards"}</script><article class="article-list css-cru7id e1d6iglh0" data-qa="ArticlePage-Article"><div data-qa="ArticleList-Item" class="css-wv6nr3 e1kvrr5t0"><div data-qa="Component-ArticleRenderContainer" class="css-1hiwqge er6t7fe39"><div class="css-tfsthe ea45u6l30" data-qa="GenericArticle-GenericArticleContainer"><div class="ea45u6l5 css-ema9fd e15slk7y0" data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-CSSTransition"><div data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-Placeholder" class="css-1j52pf e15slk7y1"><div 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Korea lifts president’s martial law decree after lawmakers vote against it</p></div></div></div></div><div class="e1hpd36k1 css-10srnd2 e1x11wau0" data-qa="SCMPYouTubeVideoFooter-VideoTitleContainer"><svg width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="SCMPYouTubeVideoFooter-StyledVideoRecorder" class="css-1nnwg93 e1x11wau1"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M22 6.22926V18.4315L17.5463 13.9868V17.8655C17.5463 18.1618 17.4383 18.4248 17.2228 18.6531C17.0067 18.8829 16.7498 18.9967 16.4537 18.9967H3.13414C2.80989 18.9967 2.53968 18.8829 2.32425 18.6531C2.10808 18.4248 2 18.1618 2 17.8655V6.79519C2 6.49893 2.10808 6.23665 2.32425 6.00688C2.53968 5.77858 2.80989 5.66333 3.13414 5.66333H16.4537C16.7498 5.66333 17.0067 5.77858 17.2228 6.00688C17.4383 6.23665 17.5463 6.49893 17.5463 6.79519V10.674L22 6.22926Z" fill="#001246"></path></svg><div data-qa="SCMPYouTubeVideoFooter-VideoTitle" class="css-0 e1x11wau2">South Korea lifts president’s martial law decree after lawmakers vote against it</div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ContentContainer" class="css-wvfhp ea45u6l28"><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Author" class="css-plhgzi ea45u6l15"><div data-qa="AuthorNames-AuthorNamesContainer" class=" er6t7fe31 css-1fl3ncg eybiz6w3"><a target="_self" class="e163ld431 css-uvyeg2 ecgc78b0" href="/author/park-chan-kyong" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Park Chan-kyong</a><span data-qa="AuthorNames-renderCommaOrAnd-AndSeparator" class="css-1md3kj8 eybiz6w1">and</span><a target="_self" class="e163ld431 css-uvyeg2 ecgc78b0" href="/author/associated-press-1" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Associated Press</a></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PublishDateTime" class="css-mbzp8v ea45u6l14"><div class=" er6t7fe25 css-1qbx4v2 efakuk42" data-qa="Article20Date-Container"><time dateTime="2024-12-04T02:24:11.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-PublishedDate" class="css-0 efakuk41">Published: <!-- -->10:24am, 4 Dec 2024</time><time dateTime="2024-12-04T07:40:51.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-UpdatedDate" class="css-m6ip7c efakuk40">Updated: <!-- -->3:40pm, 4 Dec 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1nbm1qt ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe38 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0"><a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb ecgc78b0" href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/south-korea?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">South Korea</span></a>’s opposition parties on Wednesday submitted a motion to impeach President <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb ecgc78b0" href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/yoon-suk-yeol?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">Yoon Suk-yeol</span></a>, who was facing pressure to leave office or be forced out hours after he ended a short-lived period of martial law.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Impeaching Yoon would require the support of two-thirds of parliament for the motion and then the backing of at least six Constitutional Court justices. The motion, submitted jointly by the main opposition Democratic Party and five smaller opposition parties, could be put to a vote as early as Friday.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Yoon’s senior advisers and secretaries offered to resign collectively and his cabinet members, including Defence Minister Kim Yong Hyun, were also facing calls to step down, as the nation struggled to make sense of what appeared to be a poorly-thought-out stunt.</p><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">The turmoil erupted <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb ecgc78b0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3289223/south-korean-president-declares-emergency-martial-law-accusing-opposition-anti-state-activities?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">late on Tuesday</span></a> with the issuance of Martial Law Decree No 1 by Army Chief of Staff Park Ahn-soo, Yoon’s martial law commander, which effectively suspended all political activities and banned protests nationwide.</div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">What followed was a swift unravelling: within just six hours, despite a police blockade, 190 out of 300 lawmakers defied the decree and converged on the National Assembly to unanimously pass a resolution demanding an immediate end to martial law.</p><div class="image-inline-container e1a5rv550 css-1llrc1m e1yqhwb40" data-qa="Component-renderMap-StyledDiv"><div class="image-inline caption e1fvabeq0 css-19sk4h4 ea9pn0s0" data-qa="Component-Container"><figure class="image-inline caption ea9pn0s1 css-1qeofuq e1gf69pb0" data-qa="ArticleImage-ArticleImageContainer"><div data-qa="ArticleImage-handleRenderImage-ImageContainer" class="css-0 e1gf69pb3"><img alt="Protesters clash with police officers during a demonstration in Seoul on Wednesday calling for President Yoon Suk-yeol’s resignation and impeachment. Photo: EPA-EFE" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" class="e1gf69pb2 css-6ikqhs e445x7d0" loading="lazy" src="https://img.i-scmp.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=contain,width=1024,format=auto/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/696e9fc5-2a26-485e-a08b-8535d84d34b4_0e5b1902.jpg" title="Protesters clash with police officers during a demonstration in Seoul on Wednesday calling for President Yoon Suk-yeol’s resignation and impeachment. Photo: EPA-EFE"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","caption":"Protesters clash with police officers during a demonstration in Seoul on Wednesday calling for President Yoon Suk-yeol’s resignation and impeachment. Photo: EPA-EFE","url":"https://img.i-scmp.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=contain,width=1024,format=auto/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/696e9fc5-2a26-485e-a08b-8535d84d34b4_0e5b1902.jpg"}</script></div><figcaption data-qa="ArticleImage-DescriptionContainer" class="css-6potyr e1gf69pb1">Protesters clash with police officers during a demonstration in Seoul on Wednesday calling for President Yoon Suk-yeol’s resignation and impeachment. Photo: EPA-EFE<div data-qa="ArticleImage-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div></figcaption></figure></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">As armed special forces dispatched to the site attempted to assert control, hundreds of furious protesters formed a human barricade, preventing troops from entering the Assembly building. Thousands more demonstrators gathered outside, shouting for Yoon’s arrest.</p><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div></section></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PaywallContainer" class="css-1kfpym9 ea45u6l1"><div class="er6t7fe18 piano-metering__paywall-container css-1e938sv e1x97qwg1" data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-Container"><div data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-LoadingContainer" class="css-hu4lls e1x97qwg2"><div class="css-1px2vm1 e1hb2u5e0" data-qa="Loading-CenteredContainer"><img alt="loading" aria-label="loading" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="eager" src="https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/_next/static/media/wheel-on-gray.af4a55f9.gif" class="css-o105sx e445x7d0"/></div></div><div 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...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n readingTime\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ...helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle\n ...helpersGetContentTypeNameContent\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleRelatedTopicsContent\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment geoLocationMainLocationArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n firstTopic {\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePianoPaywallContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {\n entityId\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n sponsorType\n published\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeNameArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetContentTypeNameContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeNameArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetPdfFileUrlArticle on Article {\n pdfFiles {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSendPdfFileTrackingArticle on Article {\n entityId\n pdfFiles {\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksAmpRedirectArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_style\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n flag\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n ...contentLiveArticleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n}\n\nfragment liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n liveArticle(filter: {entityUuid: $entityUuid}) {\n customTimezone\n liveContents {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n title\n body {\n text\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...entityLink\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...headerMorningStudioArticle\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleFooterContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityUuid\n topics {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment newsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...headerNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment notificationSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment pdfFileLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n ...helpersSendPdfFileTrackingArticle\n ...helpersGetPdfFileUrlArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...photoGalleryDialogContent\n}\n\nfragment pianoIntegrationArticle on Article {\n __typename\n contentLock\n createdDate\n entityId\n entityUuid\n headline\n publishedDate\n sponsor\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n ...helpersIsArchiveWallArticle\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...shareContentUnlockedArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n ...articleDateContent\n ...authorNamesArticle\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTitleArticle on Article {\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...plusArticleTypeTitleContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTypeTitleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n 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articleGeoLocationWidget on Article {\n topics {\n types\n id\n }\n ...geoLocationMainLocationArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleImageGalleryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleLeadingArticle on Article {\n entityId\n displaySlideShow\n ...articleLeadingImagesContent\n ...contentCoverVideoContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleLeadingImagesContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n title\n url\n isSlideshow\n size660w: style(filter: {style: \"660w\"}) {\n url\n }\n size1320w: style(filter: {style: \"1320w\"}) {\n url\n }\n sizeLandscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size1280x720: style(filter: {style: \"wide_landscape\"}) {\n url\n }\n size1200x800: style(filter: {style: \"1200x800\"}) {\n url\n }\n size1020x680: style(filter: {style: \"1020x680\"}) {\n url\n }\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleLinkingDataContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleListArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleDividerArticle\n ...articleFooterArticle\n ...articlePaginationCheckerArticle\n ...articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4\n ...articleRecommendationArticle\n ...articlePianoPaywallContent\n ...articleRenderArticle_3o8td4\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent\n ...contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n images {\n url\n style(filter: {style: \"237x147\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle on Article {\n styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRelatedTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleRelatedTopicsContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...articleGeoLocationWidget\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentActionBarContent\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n readingTime\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ...helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle\n ...helpersGetContentTypeNameContent\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleRelatedTopicsContent\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment geoLocationMainLocationArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n firstTopic {\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePianoPaywallContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {\n entityId\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n sponsorType\n published\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeNameArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetContentTypeNameContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeNameArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetPdfFileUrlArticle on Article {\n pdfFiles {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSendPdfFileTrackingArticle on Article {\n entityId\n pdfFiles {\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksAmpRedirectArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on 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The motion, submitted jointly by the main opposition Democratic Party and five smaller opposition parties, could be put to a vote as early as Friday.\nYoon’s senior advisers and secretaries offered to resign collectively and his cabinet members, including Defence Minister Kim Yong Hyun, were also facing calls to step down, as the nation struggled to make sense of what appeared to be a poorly-thought-out stunt.\nThe turmoil erupted late on Tuesday with the issuance of Martial Law Decree No 1 by Army Chief of Staff Park Ahn-soo, Yoon’s martial law commander, which effectively suspended all political activities and banned protests nationwide.\nWhat followed was a swift unravelling: within just six hours, despite a police blockade, 190 out of 300 lawmakers defied the decree and converged on the National Assembly to unanimously pass a resolution demanding an immediate end to martial law.\n\nAs armed special forces dispatched to the site attempted to assert control, hundreds of furious protesters formed a human barricade, preventing troops from entering the Assembly building. Thousands more demonstrators gathered outside, shouting for Yoon’s arrest.\n“The reckless, unpopular president has effectively committed political suicide,” said Kang Won-taek, a political- science professor at Seoul National University, capturing the sentiment of a nation in disbelief.\nFew South Koreans could comprehend such an “abrupt and anachronistic” action, Kang told This Week in Asia.\nAmong the protesters was 24-year old musician Lee Dong-gil, who said he went to the National Assembly to make his voice heard.\n“There were police officers everywhere, and when I got to the main gate, there were a lot of people and broadcasting vehicles lined up,” he said, adding that he was hit after a small scuffle broke out.\nLee said he backed calls for Yoon’s removal. “We must ensure that the person who shook and destroyed a country comes down from that position,” he said.\nWith this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president\nKang Won-taek, political- science professor\n“He clearly acted out of desperation, as he faced mounting allegations of corruption and abuse of power involving himself and his wife,” political- science professor Kang said.\n“With this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president. It’s hard to imagine him staying in office for long.”\nOnline commentators speculated that Yoon’s rash actions might have been fuelled by a less-than-sober state of mind.\nSouth Korea’s won, Asia’s worst performing currency this year, stabilised on Wednesday after plunging more than 3 per cent shortly after initial news of the martial law decree broke. Stocks were hammered at the open, before recovering some of the losses by later morning to trade down 1.8 per cent. The country’s finance ministry said on Wednesday it was ready to deploy “unlimited” liquidity to stabilise financial markets.\n“The situation remains dynamic and evolving and markets could continue to experience volatility,” said David Chao, global market strategist at investment management company Invesco Asia-Pacific.\n\n\n\n\nRamon Pacheco Pardo, an international-relations professor at King’s College London, said Yoon would focus on trying to survive the next two or three days as the motion to impeach him can only pass if at least eight conservative lawmakers side with the liberal majority in the National Assembly.\n“He will focus his efforts on preventing this from happening,” he said.\nJenny Town, a senior fellow at the Stimson Centre and the director of its Korea programme and 38 North, said it was “disappointing that Washington didn’t condemn Yoon’s unlawful decree of martial law as a threat to democracy”.\nIn response to Yoon lifting martial law, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Washington welcomed the decision and continued “to expect political disagreements to be resolved peacefully”.\n“It’s hard to imagine that Yoon stays in power long after this,” Town told This Week in Asia. “Given this egregious breach of trust with the South Korean people, his party is unlikely to prevail should Yoon be forced to resign or be impeached.”\n\n\nTown noted the potential implications for US-South Korea relations of a leadership transition in Seoul, especially with Donald Trump preparing to return to office.\n“How the two might get along is an open question, especially if a new ROK president starts to pull back on some of Yoon’s forward-leaning foreign policies”, she said, using the acronym for South Korea’s formal name.\nThe political upheaval could also put the resilience of recently strengthened bilateral and trilateral cooperation between South Korea, Japan and the US to the test as North Korea deepens its military alliance with Russia, Town said.\n“Managing these multiple crises is going to place new stressors on regional and peninsular security as they feel out these shifting political dynamics”, she added.\nMichael Reiterer, a former EU ambassador to South Korea, echoed these concerns, pointing out that the move had severely tarnished South Korea’s reputation as an OECD member.\n“The attempt to cut out the parliamentary process, cumbersome as it might be, by emergency measures shows a lack of democratic conviction at the top echelons of the state,” he said.\n“As foreign policy starts at home, this impacts negatively on the effectiveness and credibility of policies. Trust always needs time to rebuild.”\n\nReiterer said the turmoil had rekindled “memories of the candlelight movement”, referring to the 2017 protests that led to former President Park Geun-hye’s impeachment and ousting.\nHe said the “positive side” was the response from civil society and parliamentarians, who had reached across the aisle and “saved democracy in acting swiftly and decisively”.\nThe crisis could serve as a “wake-up call” for rival political parties to unite for the common good, Reiterer said.\nThe implications of the turmoil extend beyond politics. “Loss of trust is reflected in the reaction of the financial and stock markets,” he said, noting that while the situation may stabilise over time, potential investors are likely to conduct “thorough risk evaluations”.\nAs South Korea leads in a number of emerging technologies and high-end semiconductors, the instability poses “negative security implications”, Reiterer said.\n“The Korean peninsula needs stability and a role model, exporting stability not instability in the volatile security environment of Northeast Asia,” he warned.\n\nLeif-Eric Easley, a political-science professor at Ewha University in Seoul, described Yoon’s late-night declaration of martial law as both “legal overreach and a political miscalculation, unnecessarily risking South Korea’s economy and security”.\n“With extremely low public support and without strong backing within his own party and administration, the president should have known how difficult it would be to implement his martial law decree”, he said.\n“He sounded like a politician under siege, making a desperate move against mounting scandals, institutional obstruction, and calls for impeachment, all of which are now likely to intensify.”\nNorth Korea would “probably take a wait-and-see approach” towards the turmoil, he said, “but it cannot be ruled out that Pyongyang will attempt to exploit divisions in Seoul”.\nYoon’s decision to lift the emergency declaration reduces the likelihood of violence or a constitutional crisis, but not the ongoing political instability, Easley said.\n“A prolonged stand-off between the executive and legislature will continue to produce political instability”, he said, stressing that while the US does not have a direct role in South Korea’s domestic affairs, it must remain a “steadfast ally”.\n“A troubling trend in many democracies is that polarisation and extreme measures to address deadlock are increasingly testing trust in international alliances.”\nAdditional reporting by Seong Hyeon Choi, Biman Mukherji, Maria Siow, Bloomberg\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/topics/south-korea","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"47e80df1-f349-4847-b590-5cdaed53d0cf","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"topics"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"South Korea"}]},{"type":"text","data":"’s opposition parties on Wednesday submitted a motion to impeach President "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/topics/yoon-suk-yeol","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"ce52158a-9e8d-4c7c-9a6e-ef5cf83e5ce1","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"topics"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Yoon Suk-yeol"}]},{"type":"text","data":", who was facing pressure to leave office or be forced out hours after he ended a short-lived period of martial law."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Impeaching Yoon would require the support of two-thirds of parliament for the motion and then the backing of at least six Constitutional Court justices. The motion, submitted jointly by the main opposition Democratic Party and five smaller opposition parties, could be put to a vote as early as Friday."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Yoon’s senior advisers and secretaries offered to resign collectively and his cabinet members, including Defence Minister Kim Yong Hyun, were also facing calls to step down, as the nation struggled to make sense of what appeared to be a poorly-thought-out stunt."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The turmoil erupted "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3289223/south-korean-president-declares-emergency-martial-law-accusing-opposition-anti-state-activities","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"3fed638b-6904-4223-ae3b-0d8862d54ea6","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"late on Tuesday"}]},{"type":"text","data":" with the issuance of Martial Law Decree No 1 by Army Chief of Staff Park Ahn-soo, Yoon’s martial law commander, which effectively suspended all political activities and banned protests nationwide."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"What followed was a swift unravelling: within just six hours, despite a police blockade, 190 out of 300 lawmakers defied the decree and converged on the National Assembly to unanimously pass a resolution demanding an immediate end to martial law."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/696e9fc5-2a26-485e-a08b-8535d84d34b4_0e5b1902.jpg","data-fid":"15900159","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1334","title":"Protesters clash with police officers during a demonstration in Seoul on Wednesday calling for President Yoon Suk-yeol’s resignation and impeachment. Photo: EPA-EFE","alt":"Protesters clash with police officers during a demonstration in Seoul on Wednesday calling for President Yoon Suk-yeol’s resignation and impeachment. Photo: EPA-EFE"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"As armed special forces dispatched to the site attempted to assert control, hundreds of furious protesters formed a human barricade, preventing troops from entering the Assembly building. Thousands more demonstrators gathered outside, shouting for Yoon’s arrest."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The reckless, unpopular president has effectively committed political suicide,” said Kang Won-taek, a political- science professor at Seoul National University, capturing the sentiment of a nation in disbelief."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Few South Koreans could comprehend such an “abrupt and anachronistic” action, Kang told This Week in Asia."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Among the protesters was 24-year old musician Lee Dong-gil, who said he went to the National Assembly to make his voice heard."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“There were police officers everywhere, and when I got to the main gate, there were a lot of people and broadcasting vehicles lined up,” he said, adding that he was hit after a small scuffle broke out."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Lee said he backed calls for Yoon’s removal. “We must ensure that the person who shook and destroyed a country comes down from that position,” he said."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"With this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president"},{"type":"text","data":"Kang Won-taek, political- science professor"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“He clearly acted out of desperation, as he faced mounting allegations of corruption and abuse of power involving himself and his wife,” political- science professor Kang said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“With this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president. It’s hard to imagine him staying in office for long.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Online commentators speculated that Yoon’s rash actions might have been fuelled by a less-than-sober state of mind."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"South Korea’s won, Asia’s worst performing currency this year, stabilised on Wednesday after plunging more than 3 per cent shortly after initial news of the martial law decree broke. Stocks were hammered at the open, before recovering some of the losses by later morning to trade down 1.8 per cent. The country’s finance ministry said on Wednesday it was ready to deploy “unlimited” liquidity to stabilise financial markets."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The situation remains dynamic and evolving and markets could continue to experience volatility,” said David Chao, global market strategist at investment management company Invesco Asia-Pacific."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"div","children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"100%","height":"600","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/embeds/2024/economy/won-plunges/index.html","frameborder":"0","scrolling":"no"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","data":"\n"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Ramon Pacheco Pardo, an international-relations professor at King’s College London, said Yoon would focus on trying to survive the next two or three days as the motion to impeach him can only pass if at least eight conservative lawmakers side with the liberal majority in the National Assembly."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3","tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“He will focus his efforts on preventing this from happening,” he said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Jenny Town, a senior fellow at the Stimson Centre and the director of its Korea programme and 38 North, said it was “disappointing that Washington didn’t condemn Yoon’s unlawful decree of martial law as a threat to democracy”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In response to Yoon lifting martial law, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Washington welcomed the decision and continued “to expect political disagreements to be resolved peacefully”."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It’s hard to imagine that Yoon stays in power long after this,” Town told This Week in Asia. “Given this egregious breach of trust with the South Korean people, his party is unlikely to prevail should Yoon be forced to resign or be impeached.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"title":"Approval rating of Yoon Suk Yeol","aria-label":"Interactive line chart","id":"datawrapper-chart-Uh8ia","src":"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Uh8ia/1/","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0","style":"width: 0; 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Trust always needs time to rebuild.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/188eafcd-f3a0-4716-a3f2-fd22ac4e755c_7d73ae87.jpg","data-fid":"15899101","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1338","title":"Members of South Korea’s main opposition Democratic Party set up barricades at an entrance of the National Assembly building in Seoul early on Wednesday. Photo: Yonhap/AFP","alt":"Members of South Korea’s main opposition Democratic Party set up barricades at an entrance of the National Assembly building in Seoul early on Wednesday. Photo: Yonhap/AFP"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Reiterer said the turmoil had rekindled “memories of the candlelight movement”, referring to the 2017 protests that led to former President Park Geun-hye’s impeachment and ousting."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"He said the “positive side” was the response from civil society and parliamentarians, who had reached across the aisle and “saved democracy in acting swiftly and decisively”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The crisis could serve as a “wake-up call” for rival political parties to unite for the common good, Reiterer said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The implications of the turmoil extend beyond politics. “Loss of trust is reflected in the reaction of the financial and stock markets,” he said, noting that while the situation may stabilise over time, potential investors are likely to conduct “thorough risk evaluations”."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"As South Korea leads in a number of emerging technologies and high-end semiconductors, the instability poses “negative security implications”, Reiterer said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The Korean peninsula needs stability and a role model, exporting stability not instability in the volatile security environment of Northeast Asia,” he warned."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/ea61f73d-4602-4665-851f-3b169324178a_2daacc1f.jpg","data-fid":"15899102","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1334","title":"Protesters call for the resignation and impeachment of Yoon outside the National Assembly in Seoul on Wednesday. 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The motion, submitted jointly by the main opposition Democratic Party and five smaller opposition parties, could be put to a vote as early as Friday.\nYoon’s senior advisers and secretaries offered to resign collectively and his cabinet members, including Defence Minister Kim Yong Hyun, were also facing calls to step down, as the nation struggled to make sense of what appeared to be a poorly-thought-out stunt.\nThe turmoil erupted late on Tuesday with the issuance of Martial Law Decree No 1 by Army Chief of Staff Park Ahn-soo, Yoon’s martial law commander, which effectively suspended all political activities and banned protests nationwide.\nWhat followed was a swift unravelling: within just six hours, despite a police blockade, 190 out of 300 lawmakers defied the decree and converged on the National Assembly to unanimously pass a resolution demanding an immediate end to martial law.\n\nAs armed special forces dispatched to the site attempted to assert control, hundreds of furious protesters formed a human barricade, preventing troops from entering the Assembly building. Thousands more demonstrators gathered outside, shouting for Yoon’s arrest.\n“The reckless, unpopular president has effectively committed political suicide,” said Kang Won-taek, a political- science professor at Seoul National University, capturing the sentiment of a nation in disbelief.\nFew South Koreans could comprehend such an “abrupt and anachronistic” action, Kang told This Week in Asia.\nAmong the protesters was 24-year old musician Lee Dong-gil, who said he went to the National Assembly to make his voice heard.\n“There were police officers everywhere, and when I got to the main gate, there were a lot of people and broadcasting vehicles lined up,” he said, adding that he was hit after a small scuffle broke out.\nLee said he backed calls for Yoon’s removal. “We must ensure that the person who shook and destroyed a country comes down from that position,” he said.\nWith this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president\nKang Won-taek, political- science professor\n“He clearly acted out of desperation, as he faced mounting allegations of corruption and abuse of power involving himself and his wife,” political- science professor Kang said.\n“With this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president. It’s hard to imagine him staying in office for long.”\nOnline commentators speculated that Yoon’s rash actions might have been fuelled by a less-than-sober state of mind.\nSouth Korea’s won, Asia’s worst performing currency this year, stabilised on Wednesday after plunging more than 3 per cent shortly after initial news of the martial law decree broke. Stocks were hammered at the open, before recovering some of the losses by later morning to trade down 1.8 per cent. The country’s finance ministry said on Wednesday it was ready to deploy “unlimited” liquidity to stabilise financial markets.\n“The situation remains dynamic and evolving and markets could continue to experience volatility,” said David Chao, global market strategist at investment management company Invesco Asia-Pacific.\n\n\n\n\nRamon Pacheco Pardo, an international-relations professor at King’s College London, said Yoon would focus on trying to survive the next two or three days as the motion to impeach him can only pass if at least eight conservative lawmakers side with the liberal majority in the National Assembly.\n“He will focus his efforts on preventing this from happening,” he said.\nJenny Town, a senior fellow at the Stimson Centre and the director of its Korea programme and 38 North, said it was “disappointing that Washington didn’t condemn Yoon’s unlawful decree of martial law as a threat to democracy”.\nIn response to Yoon lifting martial law, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Washington welcomed the decision and continued “to expect political disagreements to be resolved peacefully”.\n“It’s hard to imagine that Yoon stays in power long after this,” Town told This Week in Asia. “Given this egregious breach of trust with the South Korean people, his party is unlikely to prevail should Yoon be forced to resign or be impeached.”\n\n\nTown noted the potential implications for US-South Korea relations of a leadership transition in Seoul, especially with Donald Trump preparing to return to office.\n“How the two might get along is an open question, especially if a new ROK president starts to pull back on some of Yoon’s forward-leaning foreign policies”, she said, using the acronym for South Korea’s formal name.\nThe political upheaval could also put the resilience of recently strengthened bilateral and trilateral cooperation between South Korea, Japan and the US to the test as North Korea deepens its military alliance with Russia, Town said.\n“Managing these multiple crises is going to place new stressors on regional and peninsular security as they feel out these shifting political dynamics”, she added.\nMichael Reiterer, a former EU ambassador to South Korea, echoed these concerns, pointing out that the move had severely tarnished South Korea’s reputation as an OECD member.\n“The attempt to cut out the parliamentary process, cumbersome as it might be, by emergency measures shows a lack of democratic conviction at the top echelons of the state,” he said.\n“As foreign policy starts at home, this impacts negatively on the effectiveness and credibility of policies. Trust always needs time to rebuild.”\n\nReiterer said the turmoil had rekindled “memories of the candlelight movement”, referring to the 2017 protests that led to former President Park Geun-hye’s impeachment and ousting.\nHe said the “positive side” was the response from civil society and parliamentarians, who had reached across the aisle and “saved democracy in acting swiftly and decisively”.\nThe crisis could serve as a “wake-up call” for rival political parties to unite for the common good, Reiterer said.\nThe implications of the turmoil extend beyond politics. “Loss of trust is reflected in the reaction of the financial and stock markets,” he said, noting that while the situation may stabilise over time, potential investors are likely to conduct “thorough risk evaluations”.\nAs South Korea leads in a number of emerging technologies and high-end semiconductors, the instability poses “negative security implications”, Reiterer said.\n“The Korean peninsula needs stability and a role model, exporting stability not instability in the volatile security environment of Northeast Asia,” he warned.\n\nLeif-Eric Easley, a political-science professor at Ewha University in Seoul, described Yoon’s late-night declaration of martial law as both “legal overreach and a political miscalculation, unnecessarily risking South Korea’s economy and security”.\n“With extremely low public support and without strong backing within his own party and administration, the president should have known how difficult it would be to implement his martial law decree”, he said.\n“He sounded like a politician under siege, making a desperate move against mounting scandals, institutional obstruction, and calls for impeachment, all of which are now likely to intensify.”\nNorth Korea would “probably take a wait-and-see approach” towards the turmoil, he said, “but it cannot be ruled out that Pyongyang will attempt to exploit divisions in Seoul”.\nYoon’s decision to lift the emergency declaration reduces the likelihood of violence or a constitutional crisis, but not the ongoing political instability, Easley said.\n“A prolonged stand-off between the executive and legislature will continue to produce political instability”, he said, stressing that while the US does not have a direct role in South Korea’s domestic affairs, it must remain a “steadfast ally”.\n“A troubling trend in many democracies is that polarisation and extreme measures to address deadlock are increasingly testing trust in international alliances.”\nAdditional reporting by Seong Hyeon Choi, Biman Mukherji, Maria Siow, Bloomberg\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/topics/south-korea","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"47e80df1-f349-4847-b590-5cdaed53d0cf","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"topics"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"South Korea"}]},{"type":"text","data":"’s opposition parties on Wednesday submitted a motion to impeach President "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/topics/yoon-suk-yeol","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"ce52158a-9e8d-4c7c-9a6e-ef5cf83e5ce1","data-entity-type":"taxonomy_term","data-entity-bundle":"topics"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Yoon Suk-yeol"}]},{"type":"text","data":", who was facing pressure to leave office or be forced out hours after he ended a short-lived period of martial law."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Impeaching Yoon would require the support of two-thirds of parliament for the motion and then the backing of at least six Constitutional Court justices. The motion, submitted jointly by the main opposition Democratic Party and five smaller opposition parties, could be put to a vote as early as Friday."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Yoon’s senior advisers and secretaries offered to resign collectively and his cabinet members, including Defence Minister Kim Yong Hyun, were also facing calls to step down, as the nation struggled to make sense of what appeared to be a poorly-thought-out stunt."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The turmoil erupted "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3289223/south-korean-president-declares-emergency-martial-law-accusing-opposition-anti-state-activities","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"3fed638b-6904-4223-ae3b-0d8862d54ea6","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"late on Tuesday"}]},{"type":"text","data":" with the issuance of Martial Law Decree No 1 by Army Chief of Staff Park Ahn-soo, Yoon’s martial law commander, which effectively suspended all political activities and banned protests nationwide."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"What followed was a swift unravelling: within just six hours, despite a police blockade, 190 out of 300 lawmakers defied the decree and converged on the National Assembly to unanimously pass a resolution demanding an immediate end to martial law."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/696e9fc5-2a26-485e-a08b-8535d84d34b4_0e5b1902.jpg","data-fid":"15900159","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1334","title":"Protesters clash with police officers during a demonstration in Seoul on Wednesday calling for President Yoon Suk-yeol’s resignation and impeachment. Photo: EPA-EFE","alt":"Protesters clash with police officers during a demonstration in Seoul on Wednesday calling for President Yoon Suk-yeol’s resignation and impeachment. Photo: EPA-EFE"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"As armed special forces dispatched to the site attempted to assert control, hundreds of furious protesters formed a human barricade, preventing troops from entering the Assembly building. Thousands more demonstrators gathered outside, shouting for Yoon’s arrest."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The reckless, unpopular president has effectively committed political suicide,” said Kang Won-taek, a political- science professor at Seoul National University, capturing the sentiment of a nation in disbelief."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Few South Koreans could comprehend such an “abrupt and anachronistic” action, Kang told This Week in Asia."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Among the protesters was 24-year old musician Lee Dong-gil, who said he went to the National Assembly to make his voice heard."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“There were police officers everywhere, and when I got to the main gate, there were a lot of people and broadcasting vehicles lined up,” he said, adding that he was hit after a small scuffle broke out."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Lee said he backed calls for Yoon’s removal. “We must ensure that the person who shook and destroyed a country comes down from that position,” he said."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"With this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president"},{"type":"text","data":"Kang Won-taek, political- science professor"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“He clearly acted out of desperation, as he faced mounting allegations of corruption and abuse of power involving himself and his wife,” political- science professor Kang said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“With this catastrophic miscalculation, Yoon has lost all respect and authority as president. It’s hard to imagine him staying in office for long.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Online commentators speculated that Yoon’s rash actions might have been fuelled by a less-than-sober state of mind."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"South Korea’s won, Asia’s worst performing currency this year, stabilised on Wednesday after plunging more than 3 per cent shortly after initial news of the martial law decree broke. Stocks were hammered at the open, before recovering some of the losses by later morning to trade down 1.8 per cent. The country’s finance ministry said on Wednesday it was ready to deploy “unlimited” liquidity to stabilise financial markets."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The situation remains dynamic and evolving and markets could continue to experience volatility,” said David Chao, global market strategist at investment management company Invesco Asia-Pacific."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"div","children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"width":"100%","height":"600","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/embeds/2024/economy/won-plunges/index.html","frameborder":"0","scrolling":"no"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","data":"\n"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Ramon Pacheco Pardo, an international-relations professor at King’s College London, said Yoon would focus on trying to survive the next two or three days as the motion to impeach him can only pass if at least eight conservative lawmakers side with the liberal majority in the National Assembly."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3","tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“He will focus his efforts on preventing this from happening,” he said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Jenny Town, a senior fellow at the Stimson Centre and the director of its Korea programme and 38 North, said it was “disappointing that Washington didn’t condemn Yoon’s unlawful decree of martial law as a threat to democracy”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In response to Yoon lifting martial law, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Washington welcomed the decision and continued “to expect political disagreements to be resolved peacefully”."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It’s hard to imagine that Yoon stays in power long after this,” Town told This Week in Asia. “Given this egregious breach of trust with the South Korean people, his party is unlikely to prevail should Yoon be forced to resign or be impeached.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"title":"Approval rating of Yoon Suk Yeol","aria-label":"Interactive line chart","id":"datawrapper-chart-Uh8ia","src":"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Uh8ia/1/","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0","style":"width: 0; 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Trust always needs time to rebuild.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/188eafcd-f3a0-4716-a3f2-fd22ac4e755c_7d73ae87.jpg","data-fid":"15899101","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1338","title":"Members of South Korea’s main opposition Democratic Party set up barricades at an entrance of the National Assembly building in Seoul early on Wednesday. Photo: Yonhap/AFP","alt":"Members of South Korea’s main opposition Democratic Party set up barricades at an entrance of the National Assembly building in Seoul early on Wednesday. Photo: Yonhap/AFP"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Reiterer said the turmoil had rekindled “memories of the candlelight movement”, referring to the 2017 protests that led to former President Park Geun-hye’s impeachment and ousting."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"He said the “positive side” was the response from civil society and parliamentarians, who had reached across the aisle and “saved democracy in acting swiftly and decisively”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The crisis could serve as a “wake-up call” for rival political parties to unite for the common good, Reiterer said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The implications of the turmoil extend beyond politics. “Loss of trust is reflected in the reaction of the financial and stock markets,” he said, noting that while the situation may stabilise over time, potential investors are likely to conduct “thorough risk evaluations”."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"As South Korea leads in a number of emerging technologies and high-end semiconductors, the instability poses “negative security implications”, Reiterer said."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“The Korean peninsula needs stability and a role model, exporting stability not instability in the volatile security environment of Northeast Asia,” he warned."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/04/ea61f73d-4602-4665-851f-3b169324178a_2daacc1f.jpg","data-fid":"15899102","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1334","title":"Protesters call for the resignation and impeachment of Yoon outside the National Assembly in Seoul on Wednesday. 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