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tetraphenyl borate</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sodium tetraphenyl borate"> <meta name="keywords" content="sodium tetraphenyl borate"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sodium tetraphenyl borate"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 961</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sodium tetraphenyl borate</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> Mechanical and Durability Characteristics of Roller Compacted Geopolymer Concrete Using Recycled Concrete Aggregate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syfur%20Rahman">Syfur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20J.%20Khattak"> Mohammad J. Khattak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every year a huge quantity of recycling concrete aggregate (RCA) is generated in the United States of America. Utilization of RCA can solve the storage problem, prevent environmental pollution, and reduce the construction cost. However, due to the overall low strength and durability characteristics of RCA, its usages are limited to a certain area like a landfill, low strength base material, replacement of a few percentages of virgin aggregates in Portland cement concrete, etc. This study focuses on the improvement of the strength and durability characteristics of RCA by introducing the concept of roller-compacted geopolymer concrete. In this research, developed roller-compacted geopolymer concrete (RCGPC) and roller-compacted cement concrete (RCC) mixtures containing 100% recycled concrete aggregate were evaluated and compared. Several selected RCGPC mixtures were investigated to find out the effect of mixture variables, including sodium hydroxide (NaOH) molar concentration, sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃), to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ratio on the strength, stiffness and durability characteristics of the developed RCGPC. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) were mixed in different ratios to synthesize the alkali activator. American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA) recommended RCC gradation was used with a maximum nominal aggregate size of 19 mm with a 4% fine particle passing 0.075 mm sieve. The mixtures were made using NaOH molar concentration of 8M and 10M along with, Na₂SiO₃ to NaOH ratio of 0 and 1 by mass and 15% class F fly ash. Optimum alkali content and moisture content were determined for each RCGPC and RCC mixtures, respectively, using modified proctor test. Compressive strength, semi-circular bending beam strength, and dynamic modulus test were conducted to evaluate the mechanistic characteristics of both mixtures. To determine the optimum curing conditions for RCGPC, effects of different curing temperature and curing duration on compressive strength were also studied. Sulphate attack and freeze-thaw tests were also carried out to assess the durability properties of the developed mixtures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for morphology and microstructure analysis. From the optimum moisture content results, it was found that RCGPC has high alkali content, which was mainly due to the high absorption capacity of RCA. It was found that the mixtures with Na₂SiO₃ to NaOH ratio of 1 yielded about 60% higher compressive strength than the ratio of 0. Further, the mixtures using 10M NaOH concentrations and alkali ratio of 1 produced about 28 MPa of compressive strength, which was around 33% higher than 8M NaOH mixtures. Similar results were obtained for elastic and dynamic modulus of the mixtures. On the other hand, the semi-circular bending beam strength remained the same for both 8 and 10 molar NaOH geopolymer mixtures. Formation of new geopolymeric compounds and chemical bonds in the newly formed novel RCGPC mixtures were also discovered using XRD analysis. The results of mechanical and durability testing further revealed that RCGPC performed similarly to that of RCC mixtures. Based on the results of mechanical and durability testing, the developed RCGPC mixtures using 100% recycled concrete could be used as a cost-effective solution for the construction of pavement structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roller%20compacted%20concrete" title="roller compacted concrete">roller compacted concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer%20concrete" title=" geopolymer concrete"> geopolymer concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete%20aggregate" title=" recycled concrete aggregate"> recycled concrete aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20pavement" title=" concrete pavement"> concrete pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114014/mechanical-and-durability-characteristics-of-roller-compacted-geopolymer-concrete-using-recycled-concrete-aggregate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> Improvement of Model for SIMMER Code for SFR Corium Relocation Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bachrata">A. Bachrata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Marie"> N. Marie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bertrand"> F. Bertrand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Droin"> J. B. Droin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The in-depth understanding of severe accident propagation in Generation IV of nuclear reactors is important so that appropriate risk management can be undertaken early in their design process. This paper is focused on model improvements in the SIMMER code in order to perform studies of severe accident mitigation of Sodium Fast Reactor. During the design process of the mitigation devices dedicated to extraction of molten fuel from the core region, the molten fuel propagation from the core up to the core catcher has to be studied. In this aim, analytical as well as the complex thermo-hydraulic simulations with SIMMER-III code are performed. The studies presented in this paper focus on physical phenomena and associated physical models that influence the corium relocation. Firstly, the molten pool heat exchange with surrounding structures is analysed since it influences directly the instant of rupture of the dedicated tubes favouring the corium relocation for mitigation purpose. After the corium penetration into mitigation tubes, the fuel-coolant interactions result in formation of debris bed. Analyses of debris bed fluidization as well as sinking into a fluid are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corium" title="corium">corium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20tubes" title=" mitigation tubes"> mitigation tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMMER-III" title=" SIMMER-III"> SIMMER-III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fast%20reactor" title=" sodium fast reactor"> sodium fast reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2505/improvement-of-model-for-simmer-code-for-sfr-corium-relocation-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Enhancing the Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of the Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Polymer Blend and Gold Nanoparticles for Application in Energy Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Omar">Mohammed Omar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using Chenopodium murale leaf, gold nanoparticles (Au NP's) were biosynthesized effectively in an amicable strategy. The casting process was used to create composite layers of sodium alginate and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Gold nanoparticles were incorporated into the polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/ sodium alginate (NaAlg) polymer blend by casting technique. Before and after exposure to different doses of gamma irradiation (2, 4, 6 Mrad), thin films of synthesized nanocomposites were analyzed. XRD revealed the amorphous nature of polymer blends (PVP/ NaAlg), which decreased by both Au NP's embedding and consecutive doses of irradiation. FT-IR spectra revealed interactions and differences within the functional groups of their respective pristine components and dopant nano-fillers. The optical properties of PVP/NaAlg – Au NP thin films (refractive index n, energy gap Eg, Urbach energy Eu) were examined before and after the irradiation procedure. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) demonstrated a decrease in the size of Au NP’s and narrow size distribution as the gamma irradiation dose was increased. Gamma irradiation was found to influence the electrical conductivity of synthesized composite films, as well as dielectric permittivity (ɛ′) and dielectric losses (ε″). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVP" title="PVP">PVP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPR" title=" SPR"> SPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-radiations" title=" γ-radiations"> γ-radiations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146577/enhancing-the-structural-optical-and-dielectric-properties-of-the-polymer-nanocomposites-based-on-polymer-blend-and-gold-nanoparticles-for-application-in-energy-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Ecosystem Restoration: Remediation of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil by Leuceana leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodele%20Adelusi%20Oyedeji">Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out under a controlled environment with the aim of examining remediation of crude oil polluted soil. The germination rate, heights and girths, number of leaves and nodulation was determined following standard procedures. Some physicochemical (organic matter, pH, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium) characteristics of soil used were determined using standard protocols. Results showed that at varying concentration of crude oil i.e 0 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml and 100 ml, Leuceana leucocephala had germination rate of 92%, 90%, 84%, 62% and 56% respectively, mean height of 73.70cm, 58.30cm, 49.50cm, 46.45cm and 41.80cm respectively after 16 weeks after planting (WAP), mean girth of 0.54mm, 0.34mm, 0.33mm, 0.21mm and 0.19mm respectively at 16 WAP, number of nodules 18, 10, 10, 6 and 2 respectively and number of leaves 24.00, 16.00, 13.00, 10.00 and 6.00 respectively. The organic matter, pH, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium decreased with the increase in the concentration of crude oil. Furthermore, as the concentration of crude oil increased the germination rate, height, girth, and number of leaves and nodules decreased, suggesting the effect of crude oil on Leuceana leucocephala. The plant withstands the varying concentration of the crude oil means that it could be used for the remediation of crude oil contaminated soil in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem%20conservation" title="ecosystem conservation">ecosystem conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leuceana%20leucocephala" title=" Leuceana leucocephala"> Leuceana leucocephala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title=" phytoremediation"> phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20pollution" title=" soil pollution"> soil pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111043/ecosystem-restoration-remediation-of-crude-oil-polluted-soil-by-leuceana-leucocephala-lam-de-wit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Anticorrosive Performances of “Methyl Ester Sulfonates” Biodegradable Anionic Synthetized Surfactants on Carbon Steel X 70 in Oilfields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asselah%20Amel">Asselah Amel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Affif%20Chaouche%20M%27yassa"> Affif Chaouche M'yassa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toudji%20Amira"> Toudji Amira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tazerouti%20Amel"> Tazerouti Amel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study covers two aspects ; the biodegradability and the performances in corrosion inhibition of a series of synthetized surfactants namely Φ- sodium methyl ester sulfonates (Φ-MES: C₁₂-MES, C₁₄-MES and C₁₆-MES. The biodegradability of these organic compounds was studied using the respirometric method, ‘the standard ISO 9408’. Degradation was followed by analysis of dissolved oxygen using the dissolved oxygen meter over 28 days and the results were compared with that of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The inoculum used consists of activated sludge taken from the aeration basin of the biological wastewater treatment plant in the city of Boumerdes-Algeria. In addition, the anticorrosive performances of Φ-MES surfactants on a carbon steel "X70" were evaluated in an injection water from a well of Hassi R'mel region- Algeria, known as Baremian water, and are compared to sodium dodecyl sulphate. Two technics, the weight loss and the linear polarization resistance corrosion rate (LPR) are used allowing to investigate the relationships between the concentrations of these synthetized surfactants and their surface properties, surface coverage and inhibition efficiency. Various adsorption isotherm models were used to characterize the nature of adsorption and explain their mechanism. The results show that the MES anionic surfactants was readily biodegradable, degrading faster than SDS, about 88% for C₁₂-MES compared to 66% for the SDS. The length of their carbon chain affects their biodegradability; the longer the chain, the lower the biodegradability. The inhibition efficiency of these surfactants is around 78.4% for C₁₂-MES, 76.60% for C₁₄-MES and 98.19% for C₁₆-MES and increases with their concentration and reaches a maximum value around their critical micelle concentrations ( CMCs). Scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy allowed to the visualization of a good adhesion of the protective film formed by the surfactants to the surface of the steel. The studied surfactants show the Langmuirian behavior from which the thermodynamic parameters as adsorption constant (Kads), standard free energy of adsorption (〖∆G〗_ads^0 ) are determined. Interaction of the surfactants with steel surface have involved physisorptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactants" title=" surfactants"> surfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20isotherems" title=" adsorption isotherems"> adsorption isotherems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158303/anticorrosive-performances-of-methyl-ester-sulfonates-biodegradable-anionic-synthetized-surfactants-on-carbon-steel-x-70-in-oilfields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Soils from an Arid Region of Misurata-Libya: Treated Wastewater Irrigation Impacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalifa%20Alatresh">Khalifa Alatresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirac%20Aydin"> Mirac Aydin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research explores the impacts of irrigation by treated wastewater (TWW) on the mineralogical and chemical attributes of sandy calcareous soils in the Southern region of Misurata. Soil samples obtained from three horizons (A, B, and C) of six TWW-irrigated pedons (29years) and six other pedons from nearby non-irrigated areas (dry-control). The results demonstrated that the TWW-irrigated pedons had significantly higher salinity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphor (AP), total nitrogen (TN), and organic matter (OM) relative to the control pedons. Nonetheless, all the values of interest (EC < 4000 µs/cm < SAR < 13, pH < 8.5 and ESP < 15) remained lower than the thresholds, showing no issues with sodicity or salinity. Irrigated pedons contained significantly higher amounts of total clay and showed an altered distribution of particle sizes and minerals identified (quartz, calcite, microcline, albite, anorthite, and dolomite) within the profile. The observed results included the occurrence of Margarite, Anorthite, Chabazite, and Tridymite minerals after the application of TWW in small quantities that are not enough to influence soil genesis and classification.0,51 cm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treated%20wastewater" title="treated wastewater">treated wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20calcareous%20soils" title=" sandy calcareous soils"> sandy calcareous soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20%20mineralogy" title=" soil mineralogy"> soil mineralogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20chemistry" title=" and chemistry"> and chemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119396/chemical-and-mineralogical-properties-of-soils-from-an-arid-region-of-misurata-libya-treated-wastewater-irrigation-impacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Development of Protein-based Emulsion Gels For Food Structuring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baigts-Allende%20Diana">Baigts-Allende Diana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klojdov%C3%A1%20Iveta"> Klojdová Iveta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kozlu%20Ali"> Kozlu Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metri-ojeda%20Jorge"> Metri-ojeda Jorge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emulsion gels are constituted by a colloidal system (emulsion) stabilized by a polymeric gel matrix. These systems are more homogeneous and stable than conventional emulsions and can behave as either gel-like or soft-solid. Protein-based emulsion gels (PEG) have been used as carrier systems of bioactive compounds and as food structuring to improve the texture and consistency, mainly in producing low-fat content products. This work studied the effect of protein: polysaccharide ratio 0.75:1.25, 1:1, and 1.25:0.75 (levels -1, 0, and +1) and pH values (2-9) on the stability of protein-based emulsion gels using soy protein isolate and sodium alginate. Protein emulsion capacity was enhaced with increased pH (6,7,8 and 9) compared to acid pH values. The smaller particle size for PEG was at pH 9 (~23µm); however, with increasing protein ratio (level +1), higher particle size was observed (~23µm). The same trend was observed for rheological measurements; the consistency index (K) increased at pH 9 for level -1 (1.17) in comparison to level +1 (0.45). The studied PEG showed good thermal stability at neutral and pH 9 (~98 %) for all biopolymer ratios. Optimal conditions in pH and biopolymer ratios were determined for PEG using soy protein and sodium alginate ingredients with potential use in elaborating stable systems for broad application in the food sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20gels" title="emulsion gels">emulsion gels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20structuring" title=" food structuring"> food structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymers" title=" biopolymers"> biopolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20systems" title=" food systems"> food systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175400/development-of-protein-based-emulsion-gels-for-food-structuring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Preventive and Attenuative Effect of Vitamin E on Selenite-induced Cataract in Rat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Zeinab%20Peighambarzadeh">Seyedeh Zeinab Peighambarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Tavana"> Mehdi Tavana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cataract is the most common cause of blindness worldwide and its incidence will increase as the World’s population ages. Even in modern ophthalmology, there is no effective medical treatment for cataract except surgery. Development of a drug which could prevent or delay the onset of cataract will lessen this burden and reduce the number of blind patients waiting for cataract surgery. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of vitamin E on Selenite-induced Cataract in Sprague-dawely rats. Cataracts were induced in rats by administration of sodium selenite. On postpartum day ten, in group I, saline was injected subcutaneously. Group II rat pups received subcutaneous injection of vitamin E (60mg/kg B.W.) at day 8 postpartum and every other day thereafter. Group III and IV rat pups received a subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite (13mg/kg B.W.) at day 10 postpartum. Group IV also received subcutaneous injection of vitamin E (60mg/kg B.W.) at day 8 postpartum and every other day thereafter. The development of cataract in rats was assessed clinically by slit-lamp biomicroscope from day 14 up to postpartum day 28. After sacriﬁce, extricated pup lenses were analyzed for total and soluble protein concentrations and eletrophoretic pattern (SDS-PAGE). There was no opaciﬁcation of lens in Group I and II. There was mature cataract in 95% of Group III. In group IV, 55% of rats developed sub capsular or cortical cataract. Cataractous and biochemical changes of the crystalline lens proteins due to selenite can be retard or prevented by vitamin E. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventive%20effect" title="preventive effect">preventive effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenite-induced%20cataract" title=" selenite-induced cataract"> selenite-induced cataract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20E" title=" vitamin E"> vitamin E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28321/preventive-and-attenuative-effect-of-vitamin-e-on-selenite-induced-cataract-in-rat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> X-Ray Shielding Properties of Bismuth-Borate Glass Doped with Rare-Earth Ions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Kheswa">Vincent Kheswa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> X-rays are ionizing electromagnetic radiation that is used in various industries such as computed tomography scans, dental X-rays, and screening freight trains. However, they pose health risks to humans if they are not shielded properly. In recent years, many researchers around the globe have been searching for nontoxic best possible glass materials for shielding X-rays. In this work, the x-ray shielding properties of 45Na₂O + 10 Bi₂O₃ + (5 - x)TiO₂+ (x) Nb₂O₅ + 40 P₂O₅, were x = 0, 1, 3, 5 mol%, glass materials were studied. The results revealed that the glass sample with the highest TiO2 content has the highest mass and linear attenuation coefficients and lowest half-value thickness, tenth-value thickness and mean-free path in the 20 to 80 keV energy region. The sample with 3 mol% of Nb₂O₅ has the highest mass and linear attenuation coefficients and the lowest half-value thickness, tenth-value thickness, and mean-free path at 15 keV and photon energies between 80 to 300 keV. It was, therefore, concluded that 45Na₂O + 10 Bi₂O₃ + 5 TiO₂ + 40 P₂O₅ glass is best for shielding x-rays of energies between 20 and 80 keV, while 45Na₂O + 10 Bi₂O₃ + 2 TiO₂ + 3 Nb₂O₅ + 40 P₂O₅ is best for shielding 15 keV x-rays and x-rays of energies between 80 keV and 300 keV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bismuth-titanium-phosphate%20glass" title="bismuth-titanium-phosphate glass">bismuth-titanium-phosphate glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20shielding" title=" x-ray shielding"> x-ray shielding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LAC" title=" LAC"> LAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAC" title=" MAC"> MAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20shielding" title=" radiation shielding"> radiation shielding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180562/x-ray-shielding-properties-of-bismuth-borate-glass-doped-with-rare-earth-ions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Soil-Geopolymer Mixtures for Pavement Base and Subbase Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Khattak">Mohammad Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikash%20Adhikari"> Bikash Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sambodh%20Adhikari"> Sambodh Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals with the physical, microstructural, mechanical, and shrinkage characteristics of flyash-based soil-geopolymer mixtures. Medium and high plastic soils were obtained from local construction projects. Class F flyash was used with a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution to develop soil-geopolymer mixtures. Several mixtures were compacted, cured at different curing conditions, and tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), linear shrinkage, and observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the study demonstrated that the soil-geopolymer mixtures fulfilled the UCS criteria of cement treated design (CTD) and cement stabilized design (CSD) as recommended by the department of transportation for pavement base and subbase layers. It was found that soil-geopolymer demonstrated either similar or better UCS and shrinkage characteristics relative to conventional soil-cement mixtures. The SEM analysis revealed that microstructure of soil-geopolymer mixtures exhibited development and steady growth of geopolymerization during the curing period. Based on mechanical, shrinkage, and microstructural characteristics it was suggested that the soil-geopolymer mixtures, has an immense potential to be used as pavement subgrade, subbase, and base layers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-geopolymer" title="soil-geopolymer">soil-geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20base" title=" pavement base"> pavement base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength" title=" unconfined compressive strength"> unconfined compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20morphology" title=" and morphology"> and morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91879/soil-geopolymer-mixtures-for-pavement-base-and-subbase-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> Synthesis of Biostabilized Gold Nanoparticles Using Garcinia indica Extract and Its Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Thombre">Rebecca Thombre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aishwarya%20Borate"> Aishwarya Borate</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical synthesis of nanoparticles produces toxic by-products, as a result of which eco-friendly methods of synthesis are gaining importance. The synthesis of nanoparticles using plant derived extracts is economical, safe and eco-friendly. Biostabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized using extracts of Garcinia indica. The gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and demonstrated a peak at 527 nm. The presence of plant derived peptides and phytoconstituents was confirmed using the FTIR spectra. TEM analysis revealed formation of gold nanopyramids and nanorods. The SAED analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Pichia pastoris. The cytotoxic activity of gold nanoparticles was studied using HEK, Hela and L929 cancerous cell lines and the apoptosis of cancerous cells were observed using propidium iodide staining. Thus, a simple and eco-friendly method for synthesis of biostabilized gold nanoparticles using fruit extracts of Garcinia indica was developed and the nanoparticles had potent antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxic" title="cytotoxic">cytotoxic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title=" gold nanoparticles"> gold nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20synthesis" title=" green synthesis"> green synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garcinia%20indica" title=" Garcinia indica"> Garcinia indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticancer" title=" anticancer"> anticancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6347/synthesis-of-biostabilized-gold-nanoparticles-using-garcinia-indica-extract-and-its-antimicrobial-and-anticancer-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">929</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Comparison of Different Activators Impact on the Alkali-Activated Aluminium-Silicate Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Dembovska">Laura Dembovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ina%20Pundiene"> Ina Pundiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20Bajare"> Diana Bajare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alkali-activated aluminium-silicate composites (AASC) can be used in the production of innovative materials with a wide range of properties and applications. AASC are associated with low CO₂ emissions; in the production process, it is possible to use industrial by-products and waste, thereby minimizing the use of a non-renewable natural resource. This study deals with the preparation of heat-resistant porous AASC based on chamotte for high-temperature applications up to 1200°C. Different fillers, aluminium scrap recycling waste as pores forming agent and alkali activation with 6M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution were used. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is widely used for the synthesis of AASC compared to potassium hydroxide (KOH), but comparison of using different activator for geopolymer synthesis is not well established. Changes in chemical composition of AASC during heating were identified and quantitatively analyzed by using DTA, dimension changes during the heating process were determined by using HTOM, pore microstructure was examined by SEM, and mineralogical composition of AASC was determined by XRD. Lightweight porous AASC activated with NaOH have been obtained with density in range from 600 to 880 kg/m³ and compressive strength from 0.8 to 2.7 MPa, but for AAM activated with KOH density was in range from 750 to 850 kg/m³ and compressive strength from 0.7 to 2.1 MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20activation" title="alkali activation">alkali activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20activated%20materials" title=" alkali activated materials"> alkali activated materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevated%20temperature%20application" title=" elevated temperature application"> elevated temperature application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20resistance" title=" heat resistance"> heat resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82266/comparison-of-different-activators-impact-on-the-alkali-activated-aluminium-silicate-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Mixed Alumina-Silicate Materials for Groundwater Remediation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Abunada">Ziyad Abunada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Al-tabbaa"> Abir Al-tabbaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current work is investigating the effectiveness of combined mixed materials mainly modified bentonites and organoclay in treating contaminated groundwater. Sodium bentonite was manufactured with a quaternary amine surfactant, dimethyl ammonium chloride to produce organoclay (OC). Inorgano-organo bentonite (IOB) was produced by intercalating alkylbenzyd-methyl-ammonium chloride surfactant into sodium bentonite and pillared with chlorohydrol pillaring agent. The materials efficiency was tested for both TEX compounds from model-contaminated water and a mixture of organic contaminants found in groundwater samples collected from a contaminated site in the United Kingdom. The sorption data was fitted well to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models reflecting the double sorption model where the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.89 for all materials. The mixed materials showed higher sorptive capacity than individual material with a preference order of X> E> T and a maximum sorptive capacity of 21.8 mg/g was reported for IOB-OC materials for o-xylene. The mixed materials showed at least two times higher affinity towards a mixture of organic contaminants in groundwater samples. Other experimental parameters such as pH and contact time were also investigated. The pseudo-second-order rate equation was able to provide the best description of adsorption kinetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20bentobite" title="modified bentobite">modified bentobite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminats" title=" contaminats"> contaminats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39667/mixed-alumina-silicate-materials-for-groundwater-remediation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated Aromatic Hydrocarbon Polymers Containing Trifluoromethylphenyl Side Chain for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Chiang%20Huang">Yi-Chiang Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsu-Feng%20Lee"> Hsu-Feng Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chao%20Tseng"> Yu-Chao Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Yao%20Huang"> Wen-Yao Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proton exchange membranes as a key component in fuel cells have been widely studying over the past few decades. As proton exchange, membranes should have some main characteristics, such as good mechanical properties, low oxidative stability and high proton conductivity. In this work, trifluoromethyl groups had been introduced on polymer backbone and phenyl side chain which can provide densely located sulfonic acid group substitution and also promotes solubility, thermal and oxidative stability. Herein, a series of novel sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon polyelectrolytes was synthesized by polycondensation of 4,4''''-difluoro-3,3''''- bis(trifluoromethyl)-2'',3''-bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,1':4',1'':4'',1''':4''',1''''-quinquephenyl with 2'',3''',5'',6''-tetraphenyl-[1,1':4',1'': 4'',1''':4''',1''''-quinquephenyl]-4,4''''-diol and post-sulfonated was through chlorosulfonic acid to given sulfonated polymers (SFC3-X) possessing ion exchange capacities ranging from 1.93, 1.91 and 2.53 mmol/g. ¹H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy were applied to confirm the structure and composition of sulfonated polymers. The membranes exhibited considerably dimension stability (10-27.8% in length change; 24-56.5% in thickness change) and excellent oxidative stability (weight remain higher than 97%). The mechanical properties of membranes demonstrated good tensile strength on account of the high rigidity multi-phenylated backbone. Young's modulus were ranged 0.65-0.77GPa which is much larger than that of Nafion 211 (0.10GPa). Proton conductivities of membranes ranged from 130 to 240 mS/cm at 80 °C under fully humidified which were comparable or higher than that of Nafion 211 (150 mS/cm). The morphology of membranes was investigated by transmission electron microscopy which demonstrated a clear hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation with spherical ionic clusters in the size range of 5-20 nm. The SFC3-1.97 single fuel cell performance demonstrates the maximum power density at 1.08W/cm², and Nafion 211 was 1.24W/cm² as a reference in this work. The result indicated that SFC3-X are good candidates for proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications. Fuel cell of other membranes is under testing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cells" title="fuel cells">fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyelectrolyte" title=" polyelectrolyte"> polyelectrolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane" title=" proton exchange membrane"> proton exchange membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfonated%20polymers" title=" sulfonated polymers"> sulfonated polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49002/synthesis-and-characterization-of-sulfonated-aromatic-hydrocarbon-polymers-containing-trifluoromethylphenyl-side-chain-for-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Structural and Functional Comparison of Untagged and Tagged EmrE Protein</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Junaid%20S.%20Qazi">S. Junaid S. Qazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denice%20C.%20Bay"> Denice C. Bay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Chew"> Raymond Chew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20J.%20Turner"> Raymond J. Turner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> EmrE, a member of the small multidrug resistance protein family in bacteria is considered to be the archetypical member of its family. It confers host resistance to a wide variety of quaternary cation compounds (QCCs) driven by proton motive force. Generally, purification yield is a challenge in all membrane proteins because of the difficulties in their expression, isolation and solubilization. EmrE is extremely hydrophobic which make the purification yield challenging. We have purified EmrE protein using two different approaches: organic solvent membrane extraction and hexahistidine (his6) tagged Ni-affinity chromatographic methods. We have characterized changes present between ligand affinity of untagged and his6-tagged EmrE proteins in similar membrane mimetic environments using biophysical experimental techniques. Purified proteins were solubilized in a buffer containing n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) and the conformations in the proteins were explored in the presence of four QCCs, methyl viologen (MV), ethidium bromide (EB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CTP) and tetraphenyl phosphonium (TPP). SDS-Tricine PAGE and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed that the addition of QCCs did not induce higher multimeric forms of either proteins at all QCC:EmrE molar ratios examined under the solubilization conditions applied. QCC binding curves obtained from the Trp fluorescence quenching spectra, gave the values of dissociation constant (Kd) and maximum specific one-site binding (Bmax). Lower Bmax values to QCCs for his6-tagged EmrE shows that the binding sites remained unoccupied. This lower saturation suggests that the his6-tagged versions provide a conformation that prevents saturated binding. Our data demonstrate that tagging an integral membrane protein can significantly influence the protein. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20multidrug%20resistance%20%28SMR%29%20protein" title="small multidrug resistance (SMR) protein">small multidrug resistance (SMR) protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EmrE" title=" EmrE"> EmrE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20membrane%20protein%20folding" title=" integral membrane protein folding"> integral membrane protein folding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compounds%20%28QAC%29" title=" quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC)"> quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20cation%20compounds%20%28QCC%29" title=" quaternary cation compounds (QCC)"> quaternary cation compounds (QCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20affinity%20chromatography" title=" nickel affinity chromatography"> nickel affinity chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexahistidine%20%28His6%29%20tag" title=" hexahistidine (His6) tag"> hexahistidine (His6) tag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36260/structural-and-functional-comparison-of-untagged-and-tagged-emre-protein" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Polymer Nanocomposite Containing Silver Nanoparticles for Wound Healing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patr%C3%ADcia%20Severino">Patrícia Severino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciana%20Nalone"> Luciana Nalone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniele%20Martins"> Daniele Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Chaud"> Marco Chaud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Classius%20Ferreira"> Classius Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristiane%20Bani"> Cristiane Bani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Albuquerque"> Ricardo Albuquerque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogels produced with polymers have been used in the development of dressings for wound treatment and tissue revitalization. Our study on polymer nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles shows antimicrobial activity and applications in wound healing. The effects are linked with the slow oxidation and Ag⁺ liberation to the biological environment. Furthermore, bacterial cell membrane penetration and metabolic disruption through cell cycle disarrangement also contribute to microbial cell death. The silver antimicrobial activity has been known for many years, and previous reports show that low silver concentrations are safe for human use. This work aims to develop a hydrogel using natural polymers (sodium alginate and gelatin) combined with silver nanoparticles for wound healing and with antimicrobial properties in cutaneous lesions. The hydrogel development utilized different sodium alginate and gelatin proportions (20:80, 50:50 and 80:20). The silver nanoparticles incorporation was evaluated at the concentrations of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM. The physico-chemical properties of the formulation were evaluated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The morphological characterization was made using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Human fibroblast (L2929) viability assay was performed with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assessment as well as an in vivo cicatrizant test. The results suggested that sodium alginate and gelatin in the (80:20) proportion with 4 mM of AgNO₃ in the (UV-Vis) exhibited a better hydrogel formulation. The nanoparticle absorption spectra of this analysis showed a maximum band around 430 - 450 nm, which suggests a spheroidal form. The TG curve exhibited two weight loss events. DSC indicated one endothermic peak at 230-250 °C, due to sample fusion. The polymers acted as stabilizers of a nanoparticle, defining their size and shape. Human fibroblast viability assay L929 gave 105 % cell viability with a negative control, while gelatin presented 96% viability, alginate: gelatin (80:20) 96.66 %, and alginate 100.33 % viability. The sodium alginate:gelatin (80:20) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with minimal bacterial growth at a ratio of 1.06 mg.mL⁻¹ in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 0.53 mg.mL⁻¹ in Staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo results showed a significant reduction in wound surface area. On the seventh day, the hydrogel-nanoparticle formulation reduced the total area of injury by 81.14 %, while control reached a 45.66 % reduction. The results suggest that silver-hydrogel nanoformulation exhibits potential for wound dressing therapeutics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title="nanocomposite">nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticle" title=" silver nanoparticle"> silver nanoparticle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99420/polymer-nanocomposite-containing-silver-nanoparticles-for-wound-healing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> Improving the Performance of Road Salt on Anti-Icing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Abotalebi%20Esfahani">Mohsen Abotalebi Esfahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Rahimi"> Amin Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maintenance and management of route and roads infrastructure is one of the most important and the most fundamental principles of the countries. Several methods have been under investigation as preventive proceedings for the maintenance of asphalt pavements for many years. Using a mixture of salt, sand and gravel is the most common method of deicing, which could have numerous harmful consequences. Icy or snow-covered road is one of the major reasons of accidents in rainy seasons, which causes substantial damages such as loss of time and energy, environmental pollution, destruction of buildings, traffic congestion and rising possibility of accidents. Regarding this, every year the government incurred enormous costs to secure traverses. In this study, asphalt pavements have been cured, in terms of compressive strength, tensile strength and resilient modulus of asphalt samples, under the influence of Magnesium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Urea and pure water; and showed that de-icing with the calcium chloride solution and urea have the minimum negative effect and de-icing with pure water has most negative effect on laboratory specimens. Hence some simple techniques and new equipment and less use of sand and salt, can reduce significantly the risks and harmful effects of excessive use of salt, sand and gravel and at the same time use the safer roads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title="maintenance">maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20chloride" title=" sodium chloride"> sodium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=icyroad" title=" icyroad"> icyroad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20chloride" title=" calcium chloride"> calcium chloride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45434/improving-the-performance-of-road-salt-on-anti-icing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> Activation of Mitophagy and Autophagy in Familial Forms of Parkinson's Disease, as a Potential Strategy for Cell Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafisa%20Komilova">Nafisa Komilova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plamena%20Angelova"> Plamena Angelova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20Abramov"> Andrey Abramov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulugbek%20Mirkhodjaev"> Ulugbek Mirkhodjaev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is induced by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. The mechanism of neurodegeneration is associated with the aggregation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial disfunction. Considering this, the process of removal of unwanted organelles or proteins by autophagy is vitally important in neurons, and activation of these processes could be protective in PD. Short-time acidification of cytosol can activate mitophagy and autophagy, and here we used sodium pyruvate and sodium lactate in human fibroblasts with PD mutations (Pink1, Pink1/Park2, α-syn triplication, A53T) to induce changes in intracellular pH. We have found that both lactate and pyruvate in millimolar concentrations can induce short-time acidification of cytosol in these cells. It induced activation of mitophagy and autophagy in control and PD fibroblasts and protected against cell death. Importantly, the application of lactate to acute brain slices of control and Pink1 knockout mice also induced a reduction of pH in neurons and astrocytes that increase the level of mitophagy. Thus, acidification of cytosol by compounds which play important role in cell metabolism also can activate mitophagy and autophagy and protect cells in the familial form of PD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkinson%27s%20disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutations" title=" mutations"> mutations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitophagy" title=" mitophagy"> mitophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title=" autophagy"> autophagy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138945/activation-of-mitophagy-and-autophagy-in-familial-forms-of-parkinsons-disease-as-a-potential-strategy-for-cell-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> Contribution to the Hydrogeochemical Investigations on the Wajid Aquifer System, Southwestern Part of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ahmed">Mohamed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezat%20Korany"> Ezat Korany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Al%20Basam"> Abdelaziz Al Basam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20%20Kasem"> Osama Kasem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The arid climate, low rate of precipitations and population reflect the increasing of groundwater uses as the main source of water in Saudi Arabia. The Wajid Aquifer System represents a regional groundwater aquifer system along the edge of the crystalline Arabian Shield near the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. The aquifer extends across the border of Saudi Arabia and Yemen from the Asir –Yemen Highlands to the Rub al Khali Depression and possibly to the Gulf coast (at the southwestern tip). The present work is representing a hydrogeochemical investigation on the Wajid Aquifer System. The studied area is being classified into three zones. The 1st zone is West of Wadi Ad Dawasir (Northern part of the studied area), the 2nd is Najran-Asir Zone (southern part of the studied area), and the 3rd zone is the intermediate -central zone (occupying the central area between the last two zones). The groundwater samples were collected and chemically analyzed for physicochemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness (TH), alkalinity (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS), major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, SO42- and Cl-), and trace elements. Some parameters such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (Na%), potential salinity, residual sodium carbonate, Kelly's ratio, permeability index and Gibbs ratio, hydrochemical coefficients, hydrochemical formula, ion dominance, salt combinations and water types were also calculated in order to evaluate the quality of the groundwater resources in the selected areas for different purposes. The distribution of the chemical constituents and their interrelationships are illustrated by different hydrochemical graphs. Groundwater depths and the depth to water were measured to study the effect of discharge on both the water level and the salinity of the studied groundwater wells. A detailed comparison between the three studied zones according to the variations shown by the chemical and field investigations are discussed in detailed within the work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najran-Asir" title="Najran-Asir">Najran-Asir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wadi%20Ad%20Dawasir" title=" Wadi Ad Dawasir"> Wadi Ad Dawasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajid%20Aquifer%20System" title=" Wajid Aquifer System"> Wajid Aquifer System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect%20of%20discharge" title=" effect of discharge"> effect of discharge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105079/contribution-to-the-hydrogeochemical-investigations-on-the-wajid-aquifer-system-southwestern-part-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Methanolic Extract of the Exudates of Aloe Otallensis and Its Effect on Leishmania Donovani Parasite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Tesfaye%20Nigusse">Zerihun Tesfaye Nigusse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This study evaluates the antileishmanial activity of the methanolic extract of Aloe otallensis (A. otallensis) on the promastigote stage of Leishmaniadonovani (L. donovani) as compared to standard drugs and to screen its phytochemical constituents. Methods: Phytochemical screening was done by using the method mentioned by Evans and Trease on methanolic extract of the exudates of Aloe otallensis leaves. The extract was also evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial activity against L. donavani, which is found in the Parasitology Unit of Black Lion Hospital. The result was compared to standard drugs of sodium stibogluconate, milfostin and paramomycin. Results: The extract has good antileishmanial activity with an IC50 of 0.123 0 μg/mL on L. donovani (AM 563). The experimental data showed that relatively, it had better activity than paramomycin and milfostin but less activity than sodium stibogluconate. The data analyses were done by GraphPad Prism version 5 software after it was read by an ELISA reader at the wavelength of 650 nm. The phytochemical screening of the exudates of A. otallensis showed the presence of phenol, alkaloid and saponin. Conclusions: The methanol extract of the exudates of A.otallensishas a good anti- leishmaniasis activity and this may be attributed to phenol, alkaloid and saponin present in the plant. But it needs further analysis for the conformation of which constituent presents in high concentration to know which one has the strongest effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%20leshimaniasis" title="anti leshimaniasis">anti leshimaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aloe%20otallensis" title=" aloe otallensis"> aloe otallensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leshimania%20ethiopica" title=" leshimania ethiopica"> leshimania ethiopica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IC50" title=" IC50"> IC50</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188744/methanolic-extract-of-the-exudates-of-aloe-otallensis-and-its-effect-on-leishmania-donovani-parasite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> Evaluation of Surface Water and Groundwater Quality in Parts of Umunneochi Southeast, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Chima%20Chizoba">Joshua Chima Chizoba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wisdom%20Izuchukwu%20Uzoma"> Wisdom Izuchukwu Uzoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Ifeyiwa%20Okoyeh"> Elizabeth Ifeyiwa Okoyeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water cannot be optimally used and sustained unless the quality is periodically assessed. The study area Umunneochi and environs are located in south eastern part of Nigeria. It stretches geographically from latitudes 50501N to 60000N and longitudes 70201E to 70301. The major geologic formations in the area include the Asu River group, Nkporo Shale, and Ajali Sandstone. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics of surface and ground water sources in parts of Umunneochi and environs in order to establish portability of the water sources for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. A total of 15 samples were collected randomly from streams, springs and wells. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metals using handheld digital kits, photometer, titration method and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) following acceptable standards. The obtained analytical data were interpreted, and results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standard. The concentration of pH, SO42-and Cl- range from 5.81 mg/l – 6.07 mg/l, 41.93 mg/l – 142.95 mg/l and 20.00 mg/l – 111 mg/l respectively, while Pb and Zn revealed a relative low mean concentration of 0.14 mg/l and 0.40 mg/l, which are all within (WHO) permissible limits except pH. About 27% of the samples are moderately hard. This is attributed to the mining activities in the areas. The abundance of cations and anions in the area are in the order of K+>Na+>Mg2+>Ca2+ and SO4->Cl->HCO3->NO3-, respectively. Chloride, bicarbonate, and nitrate are all within the permissible limits. 13.33% of the total samples contain Sulphate above the standard permissible limits. The values of calculated Water Quality Index (WQI) are less than 50 indicating excellent water. The predominant water-type in the study area is Na-Cl water type and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl water type based on the sample plots on the Piper diagram. The Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) calculations showed excellent water for consumption and also good water for irrigation purpose with low sodium and alkalinity ratio respectively. Government water projects are recommended in the area for sustainable domestic and agricultural water supply to ease the stress of water supply problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title="groundwater">groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrochemical" title=" hydrochemical"> hydrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physichochemical" title=" physichochemical"> physichochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-type" title=" water-type"> water-type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20adsorption%20ratio" title=" sodium adsorption ratio"> sodium adsorption ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125815/evaluation-of-surface-water-and-groundwater-quality-in-parts-of-umunneochi-southeast-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Studies on Interaction between Anionic Polymer Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose with Cationic Gemini Surfactants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kamil">M. Kamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahber%20Husain%20Khan"> Rahber Husain Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the Interaction of anionic polymer, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), with cationic gemini surfactants 2,2[(oxybis(ethane-1,2-diyl))bis(oxy)]bis(N-hexadecyl1-N,N-[di(E2)/tri(E3)]methyl1-2-oxoethanaminium)chloride (16-E2-16 and 16-E3-16) and conventional surfactant (CTAC) in aqueous solutions have been studied by surface tension measurement of binary mixtures (0.0- 0.5 wt% NaCMC and 1 mM gemini surfactant/10 mM CTAC solution). Surface tension measurements were used to determine critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and critical micelle concentration (CMC). The maximum surface excess concentration (Ґmax) at the air-water interface was evaluated by the Gibbs adsorption equation. The minimum area per surfactant molecule was evaluated, which indicates the surfactant-polymer Interaction in a mixed system. The effect of changing surfactant chain length on CAC and CMC values of mixed polymer-surfactant systems was examined. From the results, it was found that the gemini surfactant interacts strongly with NaCMC as compared to its corresponding monomeric counterpart CTAC. In these systems, electrostatic interactions predominate. The lowering of surface tension with an increase in the concentration of surfactants is higher in the case of gemini surfactants almost 10-15 times. The measurements indicated that the Interaction between NaCMC-CTAC resulted in complex formation. The volume of coacervate increases with an increase in CTAC concentration; however, above 0.1 wt. % concentration coacervate vanishes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anionic%20polymer" title="anionic polymer">anionic polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gemni%20surfactants" title=" gemni surfactants"> gemni surfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensiometer" title=" tensiometer"> tensiometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMC" title=" CMC"> CMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163366/studies-on-interaction-between-anionic-polymer-sodium-carboxymethylcellulose-with-cationic-gemini-surfactants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Biochemical Assessments of the Effects of Crude Oil Contaminated Diets Wistar Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawuyi%20Sikiru%20Owolabi">Olawuyi Sikiru Owolabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A research was carried out to assess the biochemical effects of crude oil contaminated cat fish on selected rat kidney function tests. Thirty-six (36) albino rats (rattus novergicus) were grouped into six (6) of (6) in each group. The rats in group one served as control and they were placed on feed formulated with catfish cultured in borehole water while those ones from group 2 to group 6 were placed on feed formulated with catfish exposed to various concentrations of crude oil (0.1%,0.25%,0.5%,0.75% and 1% respectively).The results obtained showed that there was a significant increase in serum concentration of creatinine, Urea, sodium and potassium ions in the kidney of experimental rats when compared with the control. This may be interpreted to mean possible adverse effects on the kidney. Several studies have been done especially on the biological effects of crude oil in fish. These include Direct Lethal Toxicity, Sub-Lethal disruption of physiological and behavioral activities, interference with feeding and reproduction, direct coating or tainting of fish, effect of entry of hydrocarbons into the food web as well as alteration of biological habitat. The present study attempts to assess the effects of crude oil contaminated diet on rat kidney by carrying out some kidney function tests like determination of serum sodium and potassium ions by flame photometry method, determination of serum urea and determination of serum creatinine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil" title="crude oil">crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%20urea" title=" serum urea"> serum urea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creatinine" title=" creatinine"> creatinine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wistar%20rats" title=" wistar rats"> wistar rats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3924/biochemical-assessments-of-the-effects-of-crude-oil-contaminated-diets-wistar-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Selective Electrooxidation of Ammonia to Nitrogen Gas on the Crystalline Cu₂O/Ni Foam Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Han%20Tsai">Ming-Han Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chihpin%20Huang"> Chihpin Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrochemical oxidation of ammonia (AEO) is one of the highly efficient and environmentally friendly methods for NH₃ removal from wastewater. Recently, researchers have focused on non-Pt-based electrodes (n-PtE) for AEO, aiming to evaluate the feasibility of these low-cost electrodes for future practical applications. However, for most n-PtE, NH₃ is oxidized mainly to nitrate ion NO₃⁻ instead of the desired nitrogen gas N₂, which requires further treatment to remove excess NO₃⁻. Therefore, developing a high N₂ conversion electrode for AEO is highly urgent. In this study, we fabricated various Cu₂O/Ni foam (NF) electrodes by electrodeposition of Cu on NF. The Cu plating bath contained different additives, including cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyamide acid (PAA), and sodium alginate (SA). All the prepared electrodes were physically and electrochemically investigated. Batch AEO experiments were conducted for 3 h to clarify the relation between electrode structures and N₂ selectivity. The SEM and XRD results showed that crystalline platelets-like Cu₂O, particles-like Cu₂O, cracks-like Cu₂O, and sheets-like Cu₂O were formed in the Cu plating bath by adding CTAC, SDS, PAA, and SA, respectively. For electrochemical analysis, all Cu₂O/NF electrodes revealed a higher current density (2.5-3.2 mA/cm²) compared to that without additives modification (1.6 mA/cm²). At a constant applied potential of 0.95 V (vs Hg/HgO), the Cu₂O sheet (51%) showed the highest N₂ selectivity, followed by Cu₂O cracks (38%), Cu₂O particles (30%), and Cu₂O platelet (18%) after 3 h reaction. Our result demonstrated that the selectivity of N₂ during AEO was surface structural dependent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia" title="ammonia">ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrooxidation" title=" electrooxidation"> electrooxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selectivity" title=" selectivity"> selectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuprous%20oxide" title=" cuprous oxide"> cuprous oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20foam" title=" Ni foam"> Ni foam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155711/selective-electrooxidation-of-ammonia-to-nitrogen-gas-on-the-crystalline-cu2oni-foam-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Analytical Performance of Cobas C 8000 Analyzer Based on Sigma Metrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sairi%20Satari">Sairi Satari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Six-sigma is a metric that quantifies the performance of processes as a rate of Defects-Per-Million Opportunities. Sigma methodology can be applied in chemical pathology laboratory for evaluating process performance with evidence for process improvement in quality assurance program. In the laboratory, these methods have been used to improve the timeliness of troubleshooting, reduce the cost and frequency of quality control and minimize pre and post-analytical errors. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the sigma values of the Cobas 8000 analyzer based on the minimum requirement of the specification. Methodology: Twenty-one analytes were chosen in this study. The analytes were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Amylase, aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, creatinine kinase, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), magnesium, potassium, protein, sodium, triglyceride, uric acid and urea. Total error was obtained from Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA). The Bias was calculated from end cycle report of Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) cycle from July to December 2016 and coefficient variation (CV) from six-month internal quality control (IQC). The sigma was calculated based on the formula :Sigma = (Total Error - Bias) / CV. The analytical performance was evaluated based on the sigma, sigma > 6 is world class, sigma > 5 is excellent, sigma > 4 is good and sigma < 4 is satisfactory and sigma < 3 is poor performance. Results: Based on the calculation, we found that, 96% are world class (ALT, albumin, ALP, amylase, AST, total bilirubin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, creatinine kinase, glucose, LDH, magnesium, potassium, triglyceride and uric acid. 14% are excellent (calcium, protein and urea), and 10% ( chloride and sodium) require more frequent IQC performed per day. Conclusion: Based on this study, we found that IQC should be performed frequently for only Chloride and Sodium to ensure accurate and reliable analysis for patient management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sigma%20matrics" title="sigma matrics">sigma matrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20performance" title=" analytical performance"> analytical performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20error" title=" total error"> total error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72293/analytical-performance-of-cobas-c-8000-analyzer-based-on-sigma-metrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Elevated Reductive Defluorination of Branched Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Soluble Metal-Porphyrins and New Mechanistic Insights on the Degradation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Sun">Jun Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsz%20Tin%20Yu"> Tsz Tin Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Mirabediny"> Maryam Mirabediny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Lee"> Matthew Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adele%20Jones"> Adele Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20M.%20O%E2%80%99Carroll"> Denis M. O’Carroll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20J.%20Manefield"> Michael J. Manefield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bj%C3%B6rn%20%C3%85kermark"> Björn Åkermark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswanath%20Das"> Biswanath Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naresh%20Kumar"> Naresh Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reductive defluorination has emerged as a sustainable approach to clean water from Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), also known as forever organic containments. For last few decades, nano zero valent metals (nZVMs) have been intensively applied in the reductive remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds due to its low redox potential, easy application, and low production cost. However, there is inadequate information on the effective reductive defluorination of linear or branched PFAS using nZVMs as reductants because of the lack of suitable catalysts. CoII-5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin (CoTPP) has been recently reported for effective catalyzing reductive defluorination of branched (br-) perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by using TiIII citrate as reductant. However, the low water solubility of CoTPP limited its applicability. Here, we explored a series of structurally related soluble cobalt porphyrin catalysts based on our previously reported best performing CoTPP. All soluble porphyrins [[meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt(III)]Cl·₇H₂O (CoTCPP), [[meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato]cobalt(III)]·9H2O (CoTPPS), and [[meso-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrinato]cobalt(II)](I)₄·₄H₂O (CoTMpyP) displayed better defluorination efficiencies than CoTPP. Especially, CoTMpyP presented the best defluorination efficiency for br-PFOS (94 %), branched perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (89 %), and 3,7-Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (60 %) after 1 day at 70 0C. CoTMpyP-nZn0 system showed 88-164 times higher defluorination rate than VB12-nZn0 system in terms of all investigated br-PFASs. The CoTMpyP-nZn0 also performed effectively at room temperature, demonstrating the potential prospect for in-situ reductive systems. Based on the analysis of the intermediate products, the calculated bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and possible first interaction between CoTMpyP and PFAS, degradation pathways of 3,7-PFDA and 6-PFOS are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cationic" title="cationic">cationic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20porphyrin" title=" soluble porphyrin"> soluble porphyrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt" title=" cobalt"> cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20b12" title=" vitamin b12"> vitamin b12</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pfas" title=" pfas"> pfas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reductive%20defluorination" title=" reductive defluorination"> reductive defluorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166313/elevated-reductive-defluorination-of-branched-per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-by-soluble-metal-porphyrins-and-new-mechanistic-insights-on-the-degradation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Use of Yeast-Chitosan Bio-Microcapsules with Ultrafiltration Membrane to Remove Ammonia Nitrogen and Organic Matter in Raw Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Ding">Chao Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Shi"> Jun Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiping%20Deng"> Huiping Deng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study reports the preparation of a new type yeast-chitosan bio-microcapsule coating sodium alginate and chitosan, with good biocompatibility and mechanical strength. Focusing on the optimum preparation conditions of bio-microcapsule, a dynamic test of yeast-chitosan bio-microcapsule combined with ultrafiltration membrane was established to evaluate both the removal efficiency of major pollutants from raw water and the applicability of this system. The results of orthogonal experiments showed that the optimum preparation procedure are as follows: mix sodium alginate solution (3%) with bacteria liquid in specific proportion, drop in calcium chloride solution (4%) and solidify for 30 min; put the plastic beads into chitosan liquid (1.8%) to overlay film for 10 min and then into glutaraldehyde solution (1%) to get cross-linked for 5 min. In dynamic test, the microcapsules were effective as soon as were added in the system, without any start-up time. The removal efficiency of turbidity, ammonia nitrogen and organic matter was 60%, 80%, and 40%. Besides, the bio-microcapsules were prospective adsorbent for heavy metal; they adsorb Pb and Cr⁶⁺ in water while maintaining high biological activity to degrade ammonia nitrogen and small molecular organics through assimilation. With the presence of bio-microcapsules, the internal yeast strains’ adaptability on the external environment and resistance ability on toxic pollutants will be increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20nitrogen" title="ammonia nitrogen">ammonia nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-microcapsules" title=" bio-microcapsules"> bio-microcapsules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafiltration%20membrane" title=" ultrafiltration membrane"> ultrafiltration membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast-chitosan" title=" yeast-chitosan"> yeast-chitosan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64034/use-of-yeast-chitosan-bio-microcapsules-with-ultrafiltration-membrane-to-remove-ammonia-nitrogen-and-organic-matter-in-raw-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Metformin and Its Combination with Sodium Hydrosulfide Influences Plasma Galectin-3 and CSE/H₂S System in Diabetic Rat's Heart</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20V.%20Palamarchuk">I. V. Palamarchuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20Zaichko"> N. V. Zaichko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: Galectin-3 is a marker of subclinical cardiac injury and is elevated in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; while hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids, is considered having antifibrogenic effects. This study was designed to investigate whether metformin and its combination with NaHS can influence plasma galectin-3 and cystathionine-γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide (CSE/H₂S) system in diabetic rat’s heart. Methods: 32 healthy male rats (180-250 g) were divided into 4 groups. To induct diabetes, rats (group 2-4) were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg/i.p., 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Rats from 3d (STZ+Metf) and 4th (STZ+Metf+NaHS) groups were given metformin (500 mg/kg/day) orally, and rats from 4th (STZ+Metf+NaHS) group were injected sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 3 mg/kg/i.p.) once per day starting from 3 to 28 day after streptozotocin injection. Rats of first group (control) were administered the equivalent volumes of 0.9% NaCl. Plasma galectin-3 was measured by ELISA. Rats’ hearts were sampled for determination of H2S by reaction with N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. Determination of CSE gene expression was performed in real time using PCR in the presence of SYBR Green I, using DT-Light detecting amplifier ('DNA-technology', Russia). Results: Induction of streptozotocin diabetes (STZ-diabetes, group 2) was followed by low myocardial H2S concentration and CSE expression (by 35%, p < 0.05 and 60.5%, p < 0.001 respectively, than that in controls), while plasma galectin-3 in this group was significantly higher than in controls (by 3.8 times, p < 0.05). Administration of metformin (group 3) resulted in significantly higher H₂S concentration (by 28.5%, p < 0.05), whereas CSE expression was only by 6% more than that in STZ-diabetes, as well as plasma galectin-3 was only by 14.8% lower in comparison with untreated diabetic rats. The inhibition of H₂S generation and CSE activity by diabetes was greatly attenuated in STZ+Metf+NaHS group. The combination of metformin with NaHS significantly stimulated H₂S production (by 48%, p < 0.05 and 15%, p < 0.05 more than STZ-diabetes and STZ+Metf respectively) and CSE gene expression (by 64.8%, p < 0.05 compared to STZ-diabetes and by 55.4%,p < 0.05 compared to STZ+Metf). Besides, plasma galectin-3 in rats receiving metformin and NaHS was significantly lower by 42%, p < 0.05 and 32.5%, p < 0.05 compared to STZ-diabetes and STZ+Metf groups respectively. Conclusions: To summarize, dysfunction of CSE/H2S system and galectin-3 stimulation was found in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Metformin and its combination with exogenous H2S effectively prevented the development of metabolic changes induced by diabetes. These findings suggest that CSE/H₂S system can be integrated into pathogenesis of diabetic complications through modulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic mediator galectin-3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cystathionine-%CE%B3-lyase" title="cystathionine-γ-lyase">cystathionine-γ-lyase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20heart" title=" diabetic heart"> diabetic heart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galectin-3" title=" galectin-3"> galectin-3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20sulfide" title=" hydrogen sulfide"> hydrogen sulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metformin" title=" metformin"> metformin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hydrosulfide" title=" sodium hydrosulfide"> sodium hydrosulfide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86069/metformin-and-its-combination-with-sodium-hydrosulfide-influences-plasma-galectin-3-and-cseh2s-system-in-diabetic-rats-heart" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Electrophoretic Changes in Testis and Liver of Mice after Exposure to Diclofenac Sodium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Mohan">Deepak Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushma%20Sharma"> Sushma Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Asif"> Mohammad Asif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diclofenac sodium being one of the most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is normally used as painkiller and to reduce inflammation. The drug is known to alter the enzymatic activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminases. The drug also results in change in the concentration of proteins and lipids in the body. The present study is an attempt to study different biochemical changes electrophoretically due to administration of different doses of diclofenac (4mg/kg/body weight and 14mg/kg/body weight) on liver and testes of mice from 7-28 days of investigation. Homogenization of the tissue was done, supernatant separated was loaded in the gel and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted. Diclofenac administration resulted in alterations of all these biochemical parameters which were observed in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic studies. The severe degenerative changes as observed during later stages of the experiment showed correlation with increase or decrease in the activities of all the enzymes studied in the present investigation. Image analysis of gel in liver showed a decline of 7.4 and 5.3 % in low and high dose group after 7 days whereas a decline of 9.6 and 7.5% was registered after 28 days of investigation. Similar analysis for testis also showed an appreciable decline in the activity of alkaline phosphatase after 28 days. Gel analysis of serum was also performed to find a correlation in the enzymatic activities between the tissue and blood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diclofenac" title="diclofenac">diclofenac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylamide" title=" polyacrylamide"> polyacrylamide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphatase" title=" phosphatase"> phosphatase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97452/electrophoretic-changes-in-testis-and-liver-of-mice-after-exposure-to-diclofenac-sodium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Purification, Extraction and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli from Urine Samples of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariha%20Akhter%20Chowdhury">Fariha Akhter Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Nurul%20Islam"> Mohammad Nurul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anamika%20Saha"> Anamika Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Mahboob"> Sabrina Mahboob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Syed%20Md.%20Mosaddek"> Abu Syed Md. Mosaddek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Omar%20Faruque"> Md. Omar Faruque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Most.%20Fahmida%20Begum"> Most. Fahmida Begum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajib%20Bhattacharjee"> Rajib Bhattacharjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in Bangladesh where Escherichia coli is the prevalent organism and responsible for most of the infections. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to act as a major virulence factor of E. coli. The present study aimed to purify, extract and visualize LPS of E. coli clinical isolates from urine samples of patients with UTI. The E. coli strain was isolated from the urine samples of 10 patients with UTI and then the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates was determined. The purification of LPS was carried out using the hot aqueous-phenol method and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which was directly stained using the modified silver staining method and Coomassie blue. The silver-stained gel demonstrated both smooth and rough type LPS by showing trail-like band patterns with the presence and lacking O-antigen region, respectively. Coomassie blue staining showed no band assuring the absence of any contaminating protein. Our successful extraction of purified LPS from E. coli isolates of UTI patients’ urine samples can be an important step to understand the UTI disease conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrophoresis" title=" electrophoresis"> electrophoresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylamide%20gel" title=" polyacrylamide gel"> polyacrylamide gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20staining" title=" silver staining"> silver staining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20dodecyl%20sulfate%20polyacrylamide%20gel%20electrophoresis%20%28SDS-PAGE%29" title=" sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)"> sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64173/purification-extraction-and-visualization-of-lipopolysaccharide-of-escherichia-coli-from-urine-samples-of-patients-with-urinary-tract-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20tetraphenyl%20borate&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20tetraphenyl%20borate&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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