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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">St Edward's Crown</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="تاج القديس إدوارد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاج القديس إدوارد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_San_Eduardo" title="Corona de San Eduardo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Corona de San Eduardo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Карона Святога Эдуарда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карона Святога Эдуарда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koruna_svat%C3%A9ho_Eduarda" title="Koruna svatého Eduarda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koruna svatého Eduarda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coron_Sant_Edward" title="Coron Sant Edward – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coron Sant Edward" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Edward%27s_krone" title="St Edward's krone – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="St Edward's krone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwardskrone" title="Edwardskrone – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edwardskrone" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCha_Edwardi_kroon" title="Püha Edwardi kroon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Püha Edwardi kroon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_San_Eduardo" title="Corona de San Eduardo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corona de San Eduardo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krono_de_Sankta_Eduardo" title="Krono de Sankta Eduardo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Krono de Sankta Eduardo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="تاج ادوارد مقدس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاج ادوارد مقدس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couronne_de_saint_%C3%89douard" title="Couronne de saint Édouard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Couronne de saint Édouard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%EC%B0%B8%ED%9A%8C%EC%99%95%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%80" title="에드워드 참회왕의 관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에드워드 참회왕의 관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahkota_St._Edward" title="Mahkota St. Edward – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mahkota St. Edward" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_di_Sant%27Edoardo" title="Corona di Sant'Edoardo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corona di Sant'Edoardo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9" title="כתר אדוארד הקדוש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתר אדוארד הקדוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_Edu%C3%A1rd_koron%C3%A1ja" title="Szent Eduárd koronája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Eduárd koronája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Круна на Свети Едвард – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Круна на Свети Едвард" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroon_van_Sint-Eduard" title="Kroon van Sint-Eduard – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kroon van Sint-Eduard" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%86%A0" title="聖エドワード王冠 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖エドワード王冠" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Edvards_krone" title="Sankt Edvards krone – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sankt Edvards krone" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korona_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tego_Edwarda" title="Korona świętego Edwarda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Korona świętego Edwarda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroa_de_Santo_Eduardo" title="Coroa de Santo Eduardo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coroa de Santo Eduardo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroana_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Eduard" title="Coroana Sfântului Eduard – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coroana Sfântului Eduard" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Корона святого Эдуарда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корона святого Эдуарда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Edward%27s_Crown" title="St. Edward's Crown – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="St. Edward's Crown" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyh%C3%A4n_Edvardin_kruunu" title="Pyhän Edvardin kruunu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyhän Edvardin kruunu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S:t_Edvards_krona" title="S:t Edvards krona – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="S:t Edvards krona" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korona_ni_San_Eduardo" title="Korona ni San Eduardo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Korona ni San Eduardo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="มงกุฎเซนต์เอ็ดเวิร์ด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มงกุฎเซนต์เอ็ดเวิร์ด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Edward%27%C4%B1n_Tac%C4%B1" title="Aziz Edward'ın Tacı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aziz Edward'ın Tacı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Корона Святого Едуарда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корона Святого Едуарда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_mi%E1%BB%87n_Th%C3%A1nh_Edward" title="Vương miện Thánh Edward – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương miện Thánh Edward" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E7%8E%8B%E5%86%A0" title="圣爱德华王冠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣爱德华王冠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1294341#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #1A5A9A; color: white">St Edward's Crown</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Edward%27s_Crown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Saint_Edward%27s_Crown.jpg/220px-Saint_Edward%27s_Crown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Saint_Edward%27s_Crown.jpg/330px-Saint_Edward%27s_Crown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Saint_Edward%27s_Crown.jpg/440px-Saint_Edward%27s_Crown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">St Edward's Crown in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #1A5A9A; color: white">Heraldic depictions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crown_of_Saint_Edward_(Heraldry).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crown_of_Saint_Edward_%28Heraldry%29.svg/100px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward_%28Heraldry%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crown_of_Saint_Edward_%28Heraldry%29.svg/150px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward_%28Heraldry%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crown_of_Saint_Edward_%28Heraldry%29.svg/200px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward_%28Heraldry%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #1A5A9A; color: white">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Made</th><td class="infobox-data">1661</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> in right of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data">2.23 kg (4.9 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Arches</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data">22-carat gold</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>St Edward's Crown</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_crown" title="Coronation crown">coronation crown</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-royal_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Named after Saint <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>, versions of it have traditionally been used to crown English and British monarchs at <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">their coronations</a> since the 13th century. It is normally on public display in the <a href="/wiki/Jewel_House" title="Jewel House">Jewel House</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. </p><p>The original crown was a holy relic kept at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, Edward's burial place, until the regalia were either sold or melted down when Parliament abolished the monarchy in 1649, during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. The current St Edward's Crown was made for <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> in 1661. It is 22-carat gold, 30 centimetres (12 in) tall, weighs 2.23 kilograms (4.9 lb), and is decorated with 444 precious and fine gemstones. The crown is similar in weight and overall appearance to the original, but its arches are <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a>. </p><p>After 1689, owing to its weight the crown was not used to crown any monarch for over 200 years. In 1911, the tradition was revived by <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> and has continued ever since, including at the 2023 <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">coronation of Charles III and Camilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A representation of St Edward's Crown was a widely used symbol in the <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> from 1661 to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, and again from 1952 to 2022 under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>. Used to represent '<a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>' as the <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a> source of governmental authority, it appeared on numerous official emblems in the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">the Commonwealth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutell_1983-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_IV_in_1833_by_Shee_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/William_IV_in_1833_by_Shee_cropped.jpg/220px-William_IV_in_1833_by_Shee_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/William_IV_in_1833_by_Shee_cropped.jpg/330px-William_IV_in_1833_by_Shee_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/William_IV_in_1833_by_Shee_cropped.jpg/440px-William_IV_in_1833_by_Shee_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1661" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_William_IV_(Archer_Shee)" title="Portrait of William IV (Archer Shee)">Portrait of William IV</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Archer_Shee" title="Martin Archer Shee">Martin Archer Shee</a>, 1833. St Edward's Crown is on a cushion to the King's left.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> wore his crown at <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitsun" title="Whitsun">Whitsun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Luard1858_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luard1858-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1161, he was canonised, and objects connected with his reign became <a href="/wiki/Holy_relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy relics">holy relics</a>. The monks at his burial place of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> claimed that Edward had asked them to look after his regalia in perpetuity for the coronations of all future English kings.<sup id="cite_ref-keay1820_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keay1820-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the claim is likely to have been an exercise in self-promotion on the abbey's part, and some of the regalia probably had been taken from Edward's grave when he was <a href="/wiki/Burial#Changing_burial_location" title="Burial">reinterred</a> there, it became accepted as fact,<sup id="cite_ref-keay1820_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keay1820-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby establishing the first known set of hereditary coronation regalia in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A crown referred to as St Edward's Crown is first recorded as having been used for the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a> in 1220, and it appears to be the same crown worn by Edward.<sup id="cite_ref-lightbown_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lightbown-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed Edward was the first English king to wear a crown with arches, known as an imperial or "closed crown", symbolising subservience to no one but God, in the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> emperors.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_relic">Holy relic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Holy relic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St Edward's Crown rarely left Westminster Abbey. When <a href="/wiki/Richard_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard II">Richard II</a> was forced to abdicate in 1399, he had the crown brought to the Tower of London, where he symbolically handed it over to his successor <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a>, saying "I present and give to you this crown with which I was crowned King of England and all the rights dependent on it".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was used in 1533 to crown the second wife of Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a>, which was unprecedented for a <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queen consort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Tudor period, three crowns were placed on the heads of monarchs at a coronation: St Edward's Crown, the <a href="/wiki/State_crown" title="State crown">state crown</a>, and a "rich crown" made specially for the new king or queen.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a>, the new <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> denounced the veneration of medieval relics and, starting with the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward VI</a> in 1547, the significance of the crown's link to Edward the Confessor was downplayed.<sup id="cite_ref-macgregor257_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macgregor257-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, Parliament melted down the crown, regarded by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> as symbolic of the "detestable rule of kings".<sup id="cite_ref-Barker1976_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker1976-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crown was described in an inventory of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>'s possessions as "<a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">King Alfred</a>'s Crown of gold wire-work set with slight stones and two little bells", weighing 79.5 ounces (2.25 kg), valued at £3 per ounce, total value <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3sd" title="£sd">£248 10s 0d</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An inscription on the lid of its box, translated from Latin, read: "This is the chief crown of the two, with which were crowned Kings Alfred, Edward and others". However, there is no evidence to support its dating from Alfred's reign, and the crown has always been referred to as St Edward's Crown (or Crown of St Edward) in the coronation order of service.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration">Restoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Edward%27s_Crown_by_Francis_Sandford.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St_Edward%27s_Crown_by_Francis_Sandford.png/220px-St_Edward%27s_Crown_by_Francis_Sandford.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St_Edward%27s_Crown_by_Francis_Sandford.png/330px-St_Edward%27s_Crown_by_Francis_Sandford.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St_Edward%27s_Crown_by_Francis_Sandford.png/440px-St_Edward%27s_Crown_by_Francis_Sandford.png 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>St Edward's Crown as it looked according to <a href="/wiki/Francis_Sandford_(herald)" title="Francis Sandford (herald)">Francis Sandford</a> at the English coronation of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a> in 1685</figcaption></figure> <p>The monarchy was <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (England)">restored in 1660</a> and in preparation for the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, who had been living in exile abroad, a new St Edward's Crown was supplied by the Royal Goldsmith, Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Vyner,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Vyner, 1st Baronet">Robert Vyner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-royalcollection_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalcollection-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was fashioned to closely resemble the medieval crown, with a heavy gold base and clusters of semi-precious stones, but the arches are decidedly <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 20th century, it was assumed to incorporate gold from the original St Edward's Crown, as they are almost identical in weight, and no invoice was produced for the materials in 1661. A crown was also displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lying in state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, Lord Protector of England from 1653 until 1658. On the weight of this evidence, writer and court historian Martin Holmes, in a 1959 paper for <i><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London#Archaeologia" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Archaeologia</a></i>, concluded that in the time of the <a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(1649%E2%80%931660)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interregnum (1649–1660)">Interregnum</a> St Edward's Crown was saved from the melting pot and that its gold was used to make a new crown at the Restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-barclay_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barclay-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His theory became <a href="/wiki/Conventional_wisdom" title="Conventional wisdom">accepted wisdom</a>, and many books, including official guidebooks for the Crown Jewels at the Tower of London, repeated his claim as fact. In 2008, new research found that a <a href="/wiki/Coronation_crown" title="Coronation crown">coronation crown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">sceptre</a> were made in 1660 in anticipation of an early coronation, which had to be delayed several times. Charles II's other regalia were commissioned in 1661 after Parliament increased the budget as a token of their appreciation for the king. The crown at Cromwell's lying in state was probably made of gilded base metal such as tin or copper, as was usual in 17th-century England; for example, a crown displayed at the funeral of <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> had cost only £5 and was decorated with fake jewels.<sup id="cite_ref-barclay_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barclay-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1671, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blood" title="Thomas Blood">Thomas Blood</a> briefly stole the crown from the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, flattening it with a mallet in an attempt to conceal it.<sup id="cite_ref-FisherFisher1979_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FisherFisher1979-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new <a href="/wiki/Monde" title="Monde">monde</a> was created for the coronation of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a>, and for <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> the base was changed from a circle to an oval.<sup id="cite_ref-canada_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the coronation of William III in 1689, monarchs chose to be crowned with a lighter, bespoke <a href="/wiki/Coronation_crown" title="Coronation crown">coronation crown</a> (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_Crown_of_George_IV" title="Coronation Crown of George IV">Coronation Crown of George IV</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or their state crown, while St Edward's Crown usually rested on the high altar.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th and 21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowning_of_Charles_III_(modified).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Crowning_of_Charles_III_%28modified%29.jpg/220px-Crowning_of_Charles_III_%28modified%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Crowning_of_Charles_III_%28modified%29.jpg/330px-Crowning_of_Charles_III_%28modified%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Crowning_of_Charles_III_%28modified%29.jpg/440px-Crowning_of_Charles_III_%28modified%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">Coronation of Charles III</a> with St Edward's Crown</figcaption></figure> <p>Edward VII intended to revive the tradition of being crowned with St Edward's Crown in 1902, but on coronation day he was still recovering from an operation for <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a>, and instead he wore the lighter <a href="/wiki/Imperial_State_Crown" title="Imperial State Crown">Imperial State Crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rose25_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose25-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jewels were hired for use in the crown and removed after the coronation until 1911, when it was permanently set with 444 precious and semi-precious stones. Imitation pearls on the arches and base were replaced with gold beads which at the time were platinum-plated.<sup id="cite_ref-rose29_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose29-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its band was also made smaller to fit <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>, the first monarch to be crowned with St Edward's Crown in over 200 years, reducing the crown's overall weight from 82 troy ounces (2.6 kg) to 71 troy ounces (2.2 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-rose25_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose25-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used to crown his successor <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> in 1937, and Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in 1953. </p><p>On 4 June 2013, St Edward's Crown was displayed on the high altar in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> at a service marking the 60th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation of Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II's coronation</a>, the first time it had left the Tower of London since 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2022, the crown was removed from the Tower of London to be resized ahead of its use in the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">coronation of Charles III</a> on 6 May 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its circumference was enlarged by sawing the base into four pieces and welding 7mm-wide strips of gold into the gaps. Eight new gold beads were then added to the rim.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 230px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7cTR_i9a-I">2023 video of St Edward's Crown by the Royal Collection Trust</a> (1:36)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>St Edward's Crown is 22-carat gold,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> measures 30 cm (12 in) tall, and weighs 2.23 kg (4.9 lb). It has four <a href="/wiki/Fleurs-de-lis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleurs-de-lis">fleurs-de-lis</a> alternating with four <a href="/wiki/Cross_patt%C3%A9e" title="Cross pattée">crosses pattée</a>, which support two dipped arches topped by a <a href="/wiki/Monde" title="Monde">monde</a> and cross pattée. Its purple velvet cap is trimmed with <a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)" title="Ermine (heraldry)">ermine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-royalcollection_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalcollection-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crown features 444 precious and fine gemstones including 345 rose-cut <a href="/wiki/Beryl#Aquamarine_and_maxixe" title="Beryl">aquamarines</a>, 37 white <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topazes</a>, 27 <a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">tourmalines</a>, 12 <a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">rubies</a>, 7 <a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">amethysts</a>, 6 <a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">sapphires</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Jargoon" title="Jargoon">jargoons</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">spinel</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Carbuncle_(gemstone)" title="Carbuncle (gemstone)">carbuncle</a> and 1 <a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">peridot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rose29_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose29-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although St Edward's Crown is regarded as the official coronation crown, only seven monarchs have been crowned with it since the Restoration: <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> (1661), <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a> (1685), <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> (1689), <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> (1911), <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> (1937), <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (1953) and <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> (2023). <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a> were crowned with small diamond crowns of their own; <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">William IV</a> with the <a href="/wiki/State_Crown_of_George_I" title="State Crown of George I">State Crown of George I</a>; <a href="/wiki/King_George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King George IV of the United Kingdom">George IV</a> with a large <a href="/wiki/Coronation_Crown_of_George_IV" title="Coronation Crown of George IV">new diamond crown</a> made specially for the occasion; and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> chose not to use St Edward's Crown because of its weight and instead used the lighter 1838 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_State_Crown" title="Imperial State Crown">Imperial State Crown</a>. When not used to crown the monarch, St Edward's Crown rested on the high altar; however, it did not feature at all in Queen Victoria's coronation.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Cypher_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Cypher_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg/220px-Royal_Cypher_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Cypher_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg/330px-Royal_Cypher_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Cypher_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg/440px-Royal_Cypher_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a> of Elizabeth II</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">restoration of the monarchy</a>, Charles II based the <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraldic crown">heraldic crown</a> on the new St Edward's Crown of 1661. It had four crosses pattée alternating with four fleurs-de-lis; the number of arches was reduced to two and the curvature of the arches was depressed at the point of intersection. On this pattern the royal crown was depicted until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutell_1983-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies" title="Arthur Charles Fox-Davies">Fox-Davies</a> states that the St Edward's Crown is supposed to be heraldically represented over the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Arms">Royal Arms</a> and other insignia because 'it is the "official" crown of England', various other crowns were depicted under Victoria, whose coronation, unusually, did not feature the St Edward's Crown at all.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria-coa-proclamation-1837.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Victoria-coa-proclamation-1837.jpg">Early depictions</a> of the Royal Arms during her reign featured the Imperial State Crown which was <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Victoria#Crown_jewels_and_coronation_robes" title="Coronation of Queen Victoria">created for Victoria's coronation</a> in 1838 and was similar to the St Edward's Crown but with a flatter top.<sup id="cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutell_1983-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, depictions varied depending on the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1876, Victoria was proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress of India">Empress of India</a>, and in 1880, the heraldic crown was altered to give it a more imperial form by making the arches semi-circular.<sup id="cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutell_1983-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Victoria had favoured a <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown" title="Tudor Crown">Tudor style crown</a> since at least the 1860s.<sup id="cite_ref-Boutell_1864_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutell_1864-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debrett's_Illustrated_Peerage_1865_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debrett's_Illustrated_Peerage_1865-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the accession of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>, the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> raised the issue of a standardised design of the crown for use by the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, there being in use several crowns of different patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-Genealogical_Magazine_1902_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genealogical_Magazine_1902-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 May 1901, the king approved a single Tudor Crown design based on the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ArbfaisTuduriaid.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:ArbfaisTuduriaid.jpg">crown of Henry VII</a>, as 'chosen and always used by Queen Victoria personally'.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Genealogical_Magazine_1902_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genealogical_Magazine_1902-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> had ceased to use the style 'Emperor of India' in 1948 following India's independence in 1947,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on the accession of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in 1952, she opted to change from the 1901 Tudor Crown to a design resembling St Edward's Crown, similar to that last used before the reign of Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutell_1983-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> adopted the Tudor Crown on his accession in 2022, similar to that last used under George VI but with some differences.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Cypher_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Cypher-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Symbols_of_State_Guidance_2023_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symbols_of_State_Guidance_2023-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cap of the heraldic crowns is always represented as crimson, regardless of the colour of any actual crowns.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a> applies <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_Kingdom#Perpetual_rights" title="Copyright law of the United Kingdom">in perpetuity</a> to depictions of the Royal Arms and any of its constituent parts under the <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a> restricts rights to reproduce them.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Archives_FAQs_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Archives_FAQs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-National_Archives_Royal_Arms_guidance_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Archives_Royal_Arms_guidance-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Crown Copyright usually expires 50 years after publication, Section 171(b) of the <a href="/wiki/Copyright,_Designs_and_Patents_Act_1988" title="Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988">Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988</a> made an exception for 'any right or privilege of the Crown' not written in an act of parliament, thus preserving the rights of the Crown under the unwritten royal prerogative.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, use of the crowns for commercial purposes is specifically restricted in the UK (and in countries which are party to the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Industrial_Property" title="Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property">Paris Convention</a>) under sections 4 and 99 of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Marks_Act_1994" title="Trade Marks Act 1994">Trade Marks Act 1994</a>, and their use is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Office" title="Lord Chamberlain's Office">Lord Chamberlain's Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trade_Marks_Act_1994_s.4_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trade_Marks_Act_1994_s.4-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trade_Marks_Act_1994_s.99_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trade_Marks_Act_1994_s.99-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Arms_restrictions_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Arms_restrictions-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also an offence under Section 12 of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Descriptions_Act_1968" title="Trade Descriptions Act 1968">Trade Descriptions Act 1968</a> to give a false indication that any goods or services are supplied to the monarch or any member of the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-Trade_Descriptions_Act_1968_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trade_Descriptions_Act_1968-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Arms_restrictions_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Arms_restrictions-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Canadian royal symbols</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Victoria had featured in <a href="/wiki/William_Wyon" title="William Wyon">William Wyon</a>'s gothic crown coin in 1847,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, rebuilt from 1840 to 1876, makes extensive use of a gothic style crown. The British had assumed <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">direct rule</a> over India in 1858, and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_India" title="Order of the Star of India">Order of the Star of India</a>, created in 1861, depicted a Tudor Crown from its inception.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoutell1864[httpsarchiveorgdetailsheraldryhistoric01boutpage352mode2up_p._352]_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoutell1864[httpsarchiveorgdetailsheraldryhistoric01boutpage352mode2up_p._352]-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victoria had a <a href="/wiki/Small_Diamond_Crown_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria">new crown</a> made in 1870 which resembled the Tudor Crown,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> declining to wear the Imperial State Crown which she found heavy and uncomfortable.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1992/jul/16/crown-jewels#column_944w">"Crown Jewels"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. Vol. 211. United Kingdom: House of Commons. 16 July 1992. col. 944W.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crown+Jewels&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=col.-944W&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1992-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1992%2Fjul%2F16%2Fcrown-jewels%23column_944w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royal-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-royal_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Royal_Household" class="citation web cs1">The Royal Household. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151008074350/http://www.royal.gov.uk/the%20royal%20collection%20and%20other%20collections/thecrownjewels/overview.aspx">"The Crown Jewels"</a>. The Official Website of the British Monarchy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/the%20royal%20collection%20and%20other%20collections/thecrownjewels/overview.aspx">the original</a> on 8 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Crown+Jewels&rft.pub=The+Official+Website+of+the+British+Monarchy&rft.au=The+Royal+Household&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2Fthe%2520royal%2520collection%2520and%2520other%2520collections%2Fthecrownjewels%2Foverview.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-65503950">"Coronation order of service in full"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coronation+order+of+service+in+full&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-65503950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boutell_1983-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boutell_1983_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoutell1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boutell" title="Charles Boutell">Boutell, Charles</a> (1983). <a href="/wiki/John_Brooke-Little" title="John Brooke-Little">Brooke-Little, J. P.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boutellsheraldry0000bout_y2m5/page/184/mode/2up"><i>Boutell's Heraldry</i></a> (Revised ed.). London and New York: Frederick Warne. pp. 184–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0723230935" title="Special:BookSources/0723230935"><bdi>0723230935</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boutell%27s+Heraldry&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=184-185&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0723230935&rft.aulast=Boutell&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fboutellsheraldry0000bout_y2m5%2Fpage%2F184%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luard1858-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luard1858_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.R._Luard1858" class="citation book cs1">H.R. Luard, ed. (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=plhSdTkLX_YC"><i>Life of St Edward the Confessor</i></a>. Longman. pp. 215, 273, 281.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+St+Edward+the+Confessor&rft.pages=215%2C+273%2C+281&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1858&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DplhSdTkLX_YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keay1820-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keay1820_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keay1820_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keay, pp. 18–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lightbown-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lightbown_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lightbown" title="Ronald Lightbown">Ronald Lightbown</a> in Blair, vol. 1. pp. 257–353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, p. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steane, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunt2008-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hunt2008_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlice_Hunt2008" class="citation book cs1">Alice Hunt (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z5eZBJ6UXiAC"><i>The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-47466-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-47466-5"><bdi>978-1-139-47466-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Drama+of+Coronation%3A+Medieval+Ceremony+in+Early+Modern+England&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-139-47466-5&rft.au=Alice+Hunt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz5eZBJ6UXiAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold, pp. 731–732.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macgregor257-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macgregor257_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald Lightbown in MacGregor, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barker1976-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barker1976_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Barker1976" class="citation book cs1">Brian Barker (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CGdnAAAAMAAJ"><i>When the Queen was Crowned</i></a>. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-8397-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-8397-5"><bdi>978-0-7100-8397-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+the+Queen+was+Crowned&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-7100-8397-5&rft.au=Brian+Barker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCGdnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Twining, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holmes, p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royalcollection-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-royalcollection_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-royalcollection_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRC31700" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/31700">"St. Edward's Crown"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a></i>. Inventory no. 31700.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft.atitle=St.+Edward%27s+Crown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rct.uk%2Fcollection%2F31700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holmes, pp. 213–223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barclay-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barclay_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barclay_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barclay, pp. 149–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FisherFisher1979-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FisherFisher1979_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham_FisherHeather_Fisher1979" class="citation book cs1">Graham Fisher; Heather Fisher (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monarchyroyalfam0000fish"><i>Monarchy and the Royal Family: A Guide for Everyman</i></a></span>. Robert Hale. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monarchyroyalfam0000fish/page/40">40</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-7814-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-7814-9"><bdi>978-0-7091-7814-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monarchy+and+the+Royal+Family%3A+A+Guide+for+Everyman&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Robert+Hale&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-7091-7814-9&rft.au=Graham+Fisher&rft.au=Heather+Fisher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmonarchyroyalfam0000fish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canada-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canada_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614011838/http://canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1445001063723">"Royal Crown and Cypher"</a>. <i>Government of Canada</i>. Canadian Heritage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1445001063723">the original</a> on 14 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Royal+Crown+and+Cypher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanada.pch.gc.ca%2Feng%2F1445001063723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dixon-Smith, et al., p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mears, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rose25-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rose25_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rose25_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rose29-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rose29_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rose29_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_Rayner2013" class="citation news cs1">Gordon Rayner (4 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/queen-elizabeth-II/10096497/Queens-coronation-anniversary-Crown-to-leave-Tower-for-first-time-since-1953-for-Westminster-Abbey-service.html">"Crown to leave Tower for first time since 1953 for Westminster Abbey service"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Crown+to+leave+Tower+for+first+time+since+1953+for+Westminster+Abbey+service&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft.au=Gordon+Rayner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fqueen-elizabeth-II%2F10096497%2FQueens-coronation-anniversary-Crown-to-leave-Tower-for-first-time-since-1953-for-Westminster-Abbey-service.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/coronation-crowns">"St Edward's Crown removed from the Tower of London ahead of the Coronation"</a>. 3 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=St+Edward%27s+Crown+removed+from+the+Tower+of+London+ahead+of+the+Coronation&rft.date=2022-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fcoronation-crowns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardman, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathryn_Jones2014" class="citation podcast cs1">Kathryn Jones (17 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/resources/lecture-podcast-royal-gold-reflections-of-power">"Royal Gold: Reflections of Power"</a> (Podcast). Royal Collection Trust. 13:03 minutes in<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Gold%3A+Reflections+of+Power&rft.pub=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft.au=Kathryn+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fresources%2Flecture-podcast-royal-gold-reflections-of-power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mears, et al., p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-Davies-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox-Davies1909" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies" title="Arthur Charles Fox-Davies">Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles</a> (1909). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 22"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry/Chapter_22">"Chapter 22" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Complete Guide to Heraldry"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry"><i>A Complete Guide to Heraldry</i> </a></span>. London: T. C. & E. C. Jack. pp. 358–359 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+22&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+Heraldry&rft.place=London&rft.pages=358-359&rft.pub=T.+C.+%26+E.+C.+Jack&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Fox-Davies&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsThurleyMurphy1994" class="citation book cs1">Mears, Kenneth J.; Thurley, Simon; Murphy, Claire (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1GJnAEACAAJ"><i>The Crown Jewels</i></a>. Historic Royal Palaces. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000HHY1ZQ">B000HHY1ZQ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crown+Jewels&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Historic+Royal+Palaces&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000HHY1ZQ%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Mears&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+J.&rft.au=Thurley%2C+Simon&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr1GJnAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRC630740" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/630740">"The Imperial Crown of Great Britain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a></i>. 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London: Richard Bentley. pp. 320, 332. <q>The <i>Heraldic Crown</i> which enjoys the Royal favour, differs from both No. 562, and the State Crown, No. 624, and inclines to the type of an earlier time ; this Heraldic Crown of our Most Gracious Sovereign is represented in No. 334, page 332, ensigning the Royal Shield of Arms.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry%2C+historical+and+popular&rft.place=London&rft.pages=320%2C+332&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Boutell&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheraldryhistoric01bout%2Fpage%2F332%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debrett's_Illustrated_Peerage_1865-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debrett's_Illustrated_Peerage_1865_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_jrmY_qqD84C&pg=PR19"><i>Debrett's Illustrated Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>The Royal Arms and its constituent parts are protected by perpetual Crown copyright, and may only be re-used by His Majesty the King, members of the Royal Family, government departments and official holders of the Royal Warrant.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Archives&rft.atitle=Frequently+asked+questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Finformation-management%2Fre-using-public-sector-information%2Fuk-government-licensing-framework%2Fcrown-copyright%2Fcopyright-assignments%2Ffrequently-asked-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Archives_Royal_Arms_guidance-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_Archives_Royal_Arms_guidance_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/information-management/use-of-the-royal-arms.pdf">"Reproduction of the Royal Arms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The National Archives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Family&rft.atitle=Use+of+Royal+Arms%2C+Names+and+Images&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fuse-of-royal-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trade_Descriptions_Act_1968-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trade_Descriptions_Act_1968_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1968/29/section/12/">"Trade Descriptions Act 1968: Section 12"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1968 c. 29  (s. 12)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Trade+Descriptions+Act+1968%26%2358%3B+Section+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1968%2F29%2Fsection%2F12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1978" class="citation journal cs1">Arnold, Janet (1978). "The 'Coronation' Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I". <i>Burlington Magazine</i>. <b>120</b> (908): 726–739+741. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/879390">879390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Burlington+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+%27Coronation%27+Portrait+of+Queen+Elizabeth+I&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=908&rft.pages=726-739%2B741&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F879390%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarclay2008" class="citation journal cs1">Barclay, Andrew (2008). "The 1661 St Edward's Crown – Refurbished, Recycled or Replaced?". <i>The Court Historian</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 149–170. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fcou.2008.13.2.002">10.1179/cou.2008.13.2.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159809217">159809217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Court+Historian&rft.atitle=The+1661+St+Edward%27s+Crown+%E2%80%93+Refurbished%2C+Recycled+or+Replaced%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=149-170&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fcou.2008.13.2.002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159809217%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Barclay&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair1998" class="citation book cs1">Blair, Claude, ed. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mwSPlwEACAAJ"><i>The Crown Jewels: The History of the Coronation Regalia …</i></a>. The Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-701359-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-11-701359-9"><bdi>978-0-11-701359-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crown+Jewels%3A+The+History+of+the+Coronation+Regalia+%E2%80%A6&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-11-701359-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmwSPlwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon-SmithEdwardsKilbyMurphy2010" class="citation book cs1">Dixon-Smith, Sally; Edwards, Sebastian; Kilby, Sarah; Murphy, Clare; Souden, David; Spooner, Jane; Worsley, Lucy (2010). <i>The Crown Jewels: Souvenir Guidebook</i>. Historic Royal Palaces. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873993-13-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873993-13-2"><bdi>978-1-873993-13-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crown+Jewels%3A+Souvenir+Guidebook&rft.pub=Historic+Royal+Palaces&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-873993-13-2&rft.aulast=Dixon-Smith&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Kilby%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Clare&rft.au=Souden%2C+David&rft.au=Spooner%2C+Jane&rft.au=Worsley%2C+Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardman2024" class="citation book cs1">Hardman, Robert (2024). <i>The Making of a King: King Charles III and the Modern Monarchy</i>. Pegasus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-639365-31-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-639365-31-9"><bdi>978-1-639365-31-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+a+King%3A+King+Charles+III+and+the+Modern+Monarchy&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-639365-31-9&rft.aulast=Hardman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes1959" class="citation journal cs1">Holmes, Martin (1959). 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Alistair McAlpine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920171-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920171-6"><bdi>978-0-19-920171-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+King%27s+Goods%3A+Collections%2C+Possessions+and+Patronage+of+Charles+I+%E2%80%A6&rft.pub=Alistair+McAlpine&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920171-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4gUXAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsThurleyMurphy1994" class="citation book cs1">Mears, Kenneth J.; Thurley, Simon; Murphy, Claire (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1GJnAEACAAJ"><i>The Crown Jewels</i></a>. 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Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simple+Heraldry+Cheerfully+Illustrated&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+and+Sons+Ltd.&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Moncreiffe&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft.au=Pottinger%2C+Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1992" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Tessa (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bSUTAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Coronation Ceremony and the Crown Jewels</i></a>. HM Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-117-01361-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-117-01361-2"><bdi>978-0-117-01361-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coronation+Ceremony+and+the+Crown+Jewels&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-117-01361-2&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbSUTAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteane2003" class="citation book cs1">Steane, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t1SFAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-64159-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-64159-8"><bdi>978-1-134-64159-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+the+Medieval+English+Monarchy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-64159-8&rft.aulast=Steane&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt1SFAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwining1960" class="citation book cs1">Twining, Edward Francis (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XvIOAQAAMAAJ"><i>A History of the Crown Jewels of Europe</i></a>. B. T. Batsford. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00283LZA6">B00283LZA6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crown+Jewels+of+Europe&rft.pub=B.+T.+Batsford&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00283LZA6%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Twining&rft.aufirst=Edward+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXvIOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crown_of_St_Edward" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Crown of St Edward">Crown of St Edward</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRC31700" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/31700">"St Edward's Crown"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a></i>. Inventory no. 31700.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft.atitle=St+Edward%27s+Crown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rct.uk%2Fcollection%2F31700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Edward%27s+Crown" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/crown-jewels">The Crown Jewels</a> at the royal family website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Crown Jewels of the United 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St Edward's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_State_Crown" title="Imperial State Crown">Imperial State Crown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Consort crowns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Mary" title="Crown of Queen Mary">Queen Mary's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Alexandra" title="Crown of Queen Alexandra">Queen Alexandra's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Adelaide" title="Crown of Queen Adelaide">Queen Adelaide's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Crown_of_Mary_of_Modena" title="State Crown of Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena's State Crown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Coronets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales">Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_George,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronet of George, Prince of Wales">Coronet of George, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales">Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_India" title="Imperial Crown of India">Imperial Crown of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Diamond_Crown_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria's Small Diamond Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Crown_of_George_IV" title="Coronation Crown of George IV">George IV's Coronation Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Crown_of_George_I" title="State Crown of George I">George I's State Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown" title="Tudor Crown">Tudor Crown</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coronations robes<br />and ornaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Robes" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Robes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Spurs" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Spurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Armills" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Armills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Orbs" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Orbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Rings" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Sceptres" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Sceptres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precious stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cullinan_Diamond" title="Cullinan Diamond">Cullinan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullinan_Diamond" title="Cullinan Diamond">Cullinan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koh-i-Noor" title="Koh-i-Noor">Koh-i-Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Prince%27s_Ruby" title="Black Prince's Ruby">Black Prince's Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Sapphire" title="St Edward's Sapphire">St Edward's Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Sapphire" title="Stuart Sapphire">Stuart Sapphire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anointing objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Anointing_objects" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Ampulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Spoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation Spoon">Coronation Spoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processional objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Swords" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Swords</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Curtana" title="Curtana">Curtana</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="St Edward's Staff">St Edward's Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Trumpets" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Trumpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_maces_in_the_British_Isles#Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial maces in the British Isles">Maces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plate and fonts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Altar_plate" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Altar plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Banqueting_plate" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Banqueting plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Christening_fonts" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Christening fonts</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lily_Font" title="Lily Font">Lily Font</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_Scotland" title="Honours of Scotland">Honours of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_the_Principality_of_Wales" title="Honours of the Principality of Wales">Honours of the Principality of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II%27s_jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II's jewels">Elizabeth II's jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Diadem" title="Diamond Diadem">Diamond Diadem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_H_of_Scotland" title="Great H of Scotland">Great H of Scotland</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_of_Great_Britain" title="Mirror of Great Britain">Mirror of Great Britain</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Brothers_(jewel)" title="Three Brothers (jewel)">The Three Brothers</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Crown_Jewels" title="Irish Crown Jewels">Irish Crown Jewels</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jeweller" title="Crown Jeweller">Crown Jeweller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left"><div>†Lost/destroyed</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crowns" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crowns" title="Template:Crowns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crowns" title="Template talk:Crowns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crowns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crowns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crowns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crowns</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_Skanderbeg#The_helmet" title="Arms of Skanderbeg">Helmet of Skanderbeg</a> (Vienna)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archducal_hat" title="Archducal hat">Archducal hat of Austria</a> (Klosterneuburg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Austria" title="Imperial Crown of Austria">Imperial Crown of Austria</a> (Vienna)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brilliant_Crown_of_Empress_Elisabeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth (page does not exist)">Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brillantkrone_der_Kaiserin_Elisabeth_von_%C3%96sterreich" class="extiw" title="de:Brillantkrone der Kaiserin Elisabeth von Österreich">de</a>) (missing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archducal_hat_of_Tyrol" title="Archducal hat of Tyrol">Archducal hat of Tyrol</a> (Mariastein)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducal_hat_of_Styria" title="Ducal hat of Styria">Ducal hat of Styria</a> (Graz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archducal_hat_of_Joseph_II" title="Archducal hat of Joseph II">Archducal hat of Joseph II</a> (Vienna)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Saint_Wenceslas" title="Crown of Saint Wenceslas">Crown of Saint Wenceslas</a> (Prague)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aroda_Treasure" title="Środa Treasure">Crown of the Środa Treasure</a> (Środa Śląska)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Pedro_I" title="Crown of Pedro I">Crown of Pedro I</a> (Petrópolis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Brazil" title="Imperial Crown of Brazil">Imperial Crown of Brazil</a> (Petrópolis)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronet_of_the_Imperial_Prince_of_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil (page does not exist)">Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronet_of_Laurels_of_Princess_Isabel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel (page does not exist)">Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Princess_Blanche" title="Crown of Princess Blanche">Crown of Princess Blanche</a> (Munich)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York#Crown_of_Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Crown of Margaret of York</a> (Aachen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Scotland" title="Crown of Scotland">Crown of Scotland</a> (Edinburgh)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St Edward's Crown</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Crown_of_Mary_of_Modena" title="State Crown of Mary of Modena">State Crown of Mary of Modena</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown" title="Tudor Crown">Tudor Crown</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Crown_of_George_I" title="State Crown of George I">State Crown of George I</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales">Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Crown_of_George_IV" title="Coronation Crown of George IV">Coronation Crown of George IV</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Diadem" title="Diamond Diadem">Diamond Diadem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Adelaide" title="Crown of Queen Adelaide">Crown of Queen Adelaide</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_State_Crown" title="Imperial State Crown">Imperial State Crown</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Diamond_Crown_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria">Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Alexandra" title="Crown of Queen Alexandra">Crown of Queen Alexandra</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_George,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronet of George, Prince of Wales">Coronet of George, Prince of Wales</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Mary" title="Crown of Queen Mary">Crown of Queen Mary</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_India" title="Imperial Crown of India">Imperial Crown of India</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales">Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales</a> (London)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Crown_of_Bulgaria" title="Diamond Crown of Bulgaria">Diamond Crown of Bulgaria</a> (missing)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futou" title="Futou">Futou</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yishanguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yishanguan (page does not exist)">Yishanguan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongtianguanfu" title="Tongtianguanfu">Tongtianguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianguan" title="Mianguan">Mianguan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colombia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Andes" title="Crown of the Andes">Crown of the Andes</a> (New York City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Crown of Simón Bolívar">Crown of Simón Bolívar</a> (Bogotá)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_C%C3%B3rdova" title="Crown of José María Córdova">Crown of José María Córdova</a> (Rionegro)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Zvonimir" title="Crown of Zvonimir">Crown of Zvonimir</a> (missing)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Christian_IV" title="Crown of Christian IV">Crown of Christian IV</a> (Copenhagen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Christian_V" title="Crown of Christian V">Crown of Christian V</a> (Copenhagen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Crown_Regalia#The_queen's_crown" title="Danish Crown Regalia">Crown of the Queen</a> (Copenhagen)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Charlemagne" title="Crown of Charlemagne">Crown of Charlemagne</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Saint_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Saint Louis (page does not exist)">Crown of Saint Louis</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Henry_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Henry IV (page does not exist)">Crown of Henry IV</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Louis_XV_of_France" title="Crown of Louis XV of France">Crown of Louis XV</a> (Paris)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Napoleon" title="Crown of Napoleon">Crown of Napoleon I</a> (Paris)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Napoleon_III" title="Crown of Napoleon III">Crown of Napoleon III</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Empress_Eug%C3%A9nie" title="Crown of Empress Eugénie">Crown of Empress Eugénie</a> (Paris)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_State_Crown" title="German State Crown">German State Crown</a> (heraldic)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Baden" title="Crown of Baden">Grand Ducal Crown of Baden</a> (Karlsruhe)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Bavaria" title="Crown of Bavaria">Royal Crown of Bavaria</a> (Munich)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_the_Queen_of_Bavaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of the Queen of Bavaria (page does not exist)">Crown of the Queen of Bavaria</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krone_der_bayerischen_K%C3%B6nigin" class="extiw" title="de:Krone der bayerischen Königin">de</a>) (Munich)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Queen_Therese_of_Bavaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria (page does not exist)">Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria</a> (Munich)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electoral_Hat_of_Brandenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electoral Hat of Brandenburg (page does not exist)">Electoral Hat of Brandenburg</a> (Berlin)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Brunswick-Lüneburg</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ducal_Crown_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ducal Crown of Brunswick-Lüneburg (page does not exist)">Ducal Crown of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crown_of_Hanover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Crown of Hanover (page does not exist)">Royal Crown of Hanover</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wendish_Crown" title="Wendish Crown">Wendish Crown</a> (heraldic)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Frederick_I_of_Prussia" title="Crown of Frederick I of Prussia">Crown of Frederick I</a> (Berlin)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Sophia_Charlotte_of_Hanover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (page does not exist)">Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover</a> (Berlin)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Wilhelm_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Wilhelm I (page does not exist)">Crown of Wilhelm I</a> (missing)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Queen_Augusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Queen Augusta (page does not exist)">Crown of Queen Augusta</a> (missing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Wilhelm_II" title="Crown of Wilhelm II">Crown of Wilhelm II</a> (Hohenzollern Castle)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electoral_Hat_of_Saxony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electoral Hat of Saxony (page does not exist)">Electoral Hat of Saxony</a> (Dresden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Crown of Augustus II the Strong">Crown of Augustus II the Strong</a> (Dresden)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funeral_Crown_of_Augustus_II_the_Strong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong (page does not exist)">Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong</a> (Dresden)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Crown Jewels of Württemberg">Royal Crown of Württemberg</a> (Stuttgart)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_crown_jewels" title="Greek crown jewels">Crown of Greece</a> (Athens)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Faustin_I" title="Crown of Faustin I">Crown of Faustin I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Hawaii" title="Crown of Hawaii">Crown of King Kalākaua</a> (Honolulu)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Queen_Kapi%CA%BBolani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani (page does not exist)">Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani</a> (Honolulu)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman<br />Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire">Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire</a> (Vienna)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown" title="Iron Crown">Iron Crown</a> (Monza)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Austria" title="Imperial Crown of Austria">Crown of Rudolf II</a> (Vienna)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crowns_of_Charles_VII" title="Imperial Crowns of Charles VII">Imperial Crowns of Charles VII</a> (Munich)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen_Crown" title="Essen Crown">Essen Crown</a> (Essen)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reliquary_Crown_of_John_the_Baptist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist (page does not exist)">Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist</a> (Aachen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Charlemagne" title="Bust of Charlemagne">Reliquary Crown of Charlemagne</a> (Aachen)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Empress_Cunigunde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Empress Cunigunde (page does not exist)">Crown of Empress Cunigunde</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krone_der_Kaiserin_Kunigunde" class="extiw" title="de:Krone der Kaiserin Kunigunde">de</a>) (Munich)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lily_Crown_of_Empress_Cunigunde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde (page does not exist)">Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde</a> (Munich)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliquary_Crown_of_Henry_II" title="Reliquary Crown of Henry II">Reliquary Crown of Henry II</a> (Munich)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salian_Funeral_Crowns_of_Spires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires (page does not exist)">Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires</a> (Speyer)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reliquary_Crown_of_Otto_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reliquary Crown of Otto II (page does not exist)">Reliquary Crown of Otto II</a> (Halle (Saale))</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">Papal tiaras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence#List_of_papal_tiaras_still_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">Papier-mâché Tiara</a> (Vatican City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Tiara" title="Napoleon Tiara">Napoleon Tiara</a> (Vatican City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence#List_of_papal_tiaras_still_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">Tiara of Pope Pius IX (1846)</a> (Vatican City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence#List_of_papal_tiaras_still_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">Spanish Tiara</a> (Vatican City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence#List_of_papal_tiaras_still_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">Tiara of Pope Pius IX</a> (Notre Dame, Indiana)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence#List_of_papal_tiaras_still_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">Palatine Tiara</a> (Vatican City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence#List_of_papal_tiaras_still_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">Tiara of Pope John XXIII</a> (Bergamo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence#List_of_papal_tiaras_still_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">Tiara of Pope Paul VI</a> (Washington, D.C.)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary" title="Holy Crown of Hungary">Holy Crown of Hungary</a> (Budapest)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Stephen_Bocskai" title="Crown of Stephen Bocskai">Crown of Stephen Bocskai</a> (Vienna)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_crowns" title="Sasanian crowns">Sasanian crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress%27s_Crown" title="Empress's Crown">Empress's Crown</a> (Tehran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiani_Crown" title="Kiani Crown">Kiani Crown</a> (Tehran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Crown" title="Pahlavi Crown">Pahlavi Crown</a> (Tehran)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown" title="Iron Crown">Iron Crown</a> (Monza)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crown_of_Savoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Crown of Savoy (page does not exist)">Royal Crown of Savoy</a> (<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_d%27Italia#XXI_secolo" class="extiw" title="it:Corona d'Italia">it</a>) (Turin)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Theodelinda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Theodelinda (page does not exist)">Crown of Theodelinda</a> (<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_di_Teodolinda" class="extiw" title="it:Corona di Teodolinda">it</a>) (Monza)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Crown_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany">Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany</a> (missing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Aragon,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress">Crown of Constance of Sicily</a> (Palermo)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benkan" title="Benkan">Benkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benkan_of_Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Benkan of Emperor Kōmei">Emperor Kōmei Variant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanmuri_(headwear)" title="Kanmuri (headwear)">Kanmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikan" title="Raikan">Raikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Empress_Go-Sakuramachi" title="Imperial Crown of Empress Go-Sakuramachi">Imperial Crown of Empress Go-Sakuramachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Baekje" title="Crown of Baekje">Crown of Baekje</a> (Gongju)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Gaya" title="Crown of Gaya">Crown of Gaya</a> (Yongin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_of_Silla" title="Crowns of Silla">Crowns of Silla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_of_Silla#Lists_of_Crowns_of_Silla" title="Crowns of Silla">Gold Crown of Geumgwanchong</a> (Gyeongju)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_of_Silla#Lists_of_Crowns_of_Silla" title="Crowns of Silla">Gold Crown of Cheonmachong</a> (Gyeongju)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_of_Silla#Lists_of_Crowns_of_Silla" title="Crowns of Silla">Gold Crown of Hwangnamdaechong</a> (Seoul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_of_Silla#Lists_of_Crowns_of_Silla" title="Crowns of Silla">Gold Crown of Geumnyeongchong Tumulus</a> (Seoul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_of_Silla#Lists_of_Crowns_of_Silla" title="Crowns of Silla">Gold Crown of Seobongchong Tumulus</a> (Gyeongju)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_of_Silla#Lists_of_Crowns_of_Silla" title="Crowns of Silla">Silver Crown</a> (Gyeongju)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducal_hat_of_Liechtenstein" title="Ducal hat of Liechtenstein">Ducal hat of Liechtenstein</a> (missing; replica: Vaduz)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lithuania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gediminas%27_Cap" title="Gediminas' Cap">Gediminas' Cap</a> (missing)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Madagascar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Madagascar (page does not exist)">Crown of Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Ranavalona_III" title="Crown of Ranavalona III">Crown of Ranavalona III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Mexico#First_Mexican_Empire" title="Imperial Crown of Mexico">Imperial Crown of Mexico (First Mexican Empire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Mexico#Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Imperial Crown of Mexico">Imperial Crown of Mexico (Second Mexican Empire)</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Mexico" title="Imperial Crown of Mexico">Funerary crown of Maximilian I</a> (Vienna)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Netherlands" title="Crown of the Netherlands">Crown of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Crown_Prince%27s_Coronet" title="Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet">Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet</a> (Trondheim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Norway" title="Crown of Norway">Crown of Norway</a> (Trondheim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Norway%27s_Crown" title="Queen of Norway's Crown">Crown of the Queen of Norway</a> (Trondheim)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Boles%C5%82aw_I_the_Brave" title="Crown of Bolesław I the Brave">Crown of Bolesław I the Brave</a> (destroyed; replica: Stará Ľubovňa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Crown" title="Swedish Crown">Swedish Crown</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovy_Crown" title="Muscovy Crown">Muscovy Crown</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Crown" title="Hungarian Crown">Hungarian Crown</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homagial_Crown" title="Homagial Crown">Homagial Crown</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_Crown" title="Funeral Crown">Funeral Crown</a> (missing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Crown" title="Queen's Crown">Queen's Crown</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Crown of Augustus II the Strong">Crown of Augustus II</a> (Dresden)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funeral_Crown_of_Augustus_II_the_Strong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong (page does not exist)">Funeral Crown of Augustus II</a> (Dresden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Crown of Augustus III of Poland">Crown of Augustus III</a> (Warsaw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Maria_Josepha" title="Crown of Queen Maria Josepha">Crown of Maria Josepha</a> (Warsaw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock_Diadem" title="Płock Diadem">Płock Diadem</a> (Płock)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Jo%C3%A3o_VI" title="Crown of João VI">Crown of João VI</a> (Lisbon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadem_of_the_Stars" title="Diadem of the Stars">Diadem of the Stars</a> (Lisbon)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Romania" title="Regalia of Romania">Crown of Elisabeta</a> (Bucharest)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Romania" title="Regalia of Romania">Crown of Maria</a> (Bucharest)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Crown_of_Romania" title="Steel Crown of Romania">Steel Crown of Romania</a> (Bucharest)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monomakh%27s_Cap" title="Monomakh's Cap">"Cap of Monomakh"</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Kazan_Tzardom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Kazan Tzardom (page does not exist)">Crown of Kazan Tzardom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Tsar_Michael_Fyodorovich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich (page does not exist)">Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cap_of_Monomakh_of_the_second_set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cap of Monomakh of the second set (page does not exist)">Cap of Monomakh of the second set</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diamond_Crown_of_Tsar_Peter_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I (page does not exist)">Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diamond_Crown_of_Tsar_Ivan_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V (page does not exist)">Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altabas_crown_of_the_third_set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altabas crown of the third set (page does not exist)">Altabas crown of the third set</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Empress_Catherine_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Empress Catherine I (page does not exist)">Crown of Empress Catherine I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Empress_Anna_Ivanovna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna (page does not exist)">Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_crown_of_Russia" title="Imperial crown of Russia">Great Imperial Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_Crown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maltese Crown (page does not exist)">Maltese Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_Imperial_Crown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Small Imperial Crown (page does not exist)">Small Imperial Crown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Serbia#Karađorđević_Crown" title="Regalia of Serbia">Karađorđević Crown</a> (Belgrade)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Serbia#Nemanjić_Crowns" title="Regalia of Serbia">Nemanjić Crowns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Serbia#Nemanjić_Crowns" title="Regalia of Serbia">Crown of Stefan Uroš III</a> (Cetinje)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Stephen_Bocskai" title="Crown of Stephen Bocskai">Crown of Stephen Bocskai</a> (Vienna)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Spain" title="Regalia of Spain">Royal Crown of Spain</a> (heraldic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Spain" title="Regalia of Spain">Royal Crown of Spain (Tumular Crown)</a> (Madrid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Sancho_IV" title="Crown of Sancho IV">Crown of Sancho IV</a> (Toledo)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Isabella_I_of_Castile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Isabella I of Castile (page does not exist)">Crown of Isabella I of Castile</a> (Granada)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_the_Crowned_Virgin_of_the_Kings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings (page does not exist)">Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings</a> (Seville)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_the_Virgin_of_the_Tabernacle_of_Toledo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo (page does not exist)">Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo</a> (Toledo)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Eric_XIV" title="Crown of Eric XIV">Crown of Eric XIV</a> (Stockholm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Sweden#Crown,_scepter_and_orb_of_the_queen_consort" title="Regalia of Sweden">Crown of the Queen</a> (Stockholm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Sweden#Crown_of_Queen_Christina" title="Regalia of Sweden">Crown of Queen Christina</a> (Stockholm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Sweden#Crown_Prince_coronet" title="Regalia of Sweden">Crown of the Heir Apparent</a> (Stockholm)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Tahiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Tahiti (page does not exist)">Crown of Tahiti</a> (Punaauia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Tonga" title="Crown of Tonga">Crown of Tonga</a> (Nukuʻalofa)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Rus" title="Crown of Rus">Crown of Rus</a> (missing)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Africa</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_of_Egypt" title="Crowns of Egypt">Crowns of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silver_Crown_of_Emperor_Tewodros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros (page does not exist)">Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros</a> (Ethiopia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Asia</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raven_Crown" title="Raven Crown">Raven Crown</a> (Bhutan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shripech" title="Shripech">Shripech</a> (Nepal)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_of_Sri_Vikrama_Rajasinha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (page does not exist)">Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Crown_of_Victory" title="Great Crown of Victory">Great Crown of Victory</a> (Thailand)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_jewels" title="Crown jewels">Crown jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">Heir presumptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">Regalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">Royal family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Royal_heraldry_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_both_variants%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_both_variants%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_both_variants%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_both_variants%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_both_variants%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_both_variants%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5733" data-file-height="2835" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_England" title="Coat of arms of England">Royal arms</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_England" title="Royal standards of England">Standards</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Honi_soit_qui_mal_y_pense" title="Honi soit qui mal y pense">Honi soit qui mal y pense</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Dieu_et_mon_droit" title="Dieu et mon droit">Dieu et mon droit</a></i></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St Edward's Crown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown" title="Tudor Crown">Tudor Crown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Royal_badges_of_England" title="Royal badges of England">Badges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Royal_supporters_of_England" title="Royal supporters of England">Supporters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Scotland" title="Coat of arms of Scotland">Royal arms</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Royal_Banner_of_Scotland" title="Royal Banner of Scotland">Royal Banner</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Nemo_me_impune_lacessit" title="Nemo me impune lacessit">Nemo me impune lacessit</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/In_My_Defens_God_Me_Defend" class="mw-redirect" title="In My Defens God Me Defend">In My Defens God Me Defend</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Scotland" title="Crown of Scotland">Crown of Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_Scotland" title="Honours of Scotland">Honours of Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thistle#Heraldry" title="Thistle">Heraldic Thistle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Thistle" title="Order of the Thistle">Order of the Thistle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unicorn#Heraldry" title="Unicorn">Unicorn Supporters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Court_of_the_Lord_Lyon" title="Court of the Lord Lyon">Court of the Lord Lyon</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Royal_Badge_of_Wales" title="Royal Badge of Wales">Royal Badge</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Prince_of_Wales" title="Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales">Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers" title="Prince of Wales's feathers">Prince of Wales's feathers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragon</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchy of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_royal_symbols" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Template:Canadian royal 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standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Royal anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day" title="Victoria Day">Victoria Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday#Canada" title="King's Official Birthday">King's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Canada" title="Great Seal of Canada">Great Seal of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Royal_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Royal Crown">Canadian Royal Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession Day">Accession Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_toast" title="Loyal toast">Loyal toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">Royal Christmas Message</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="493" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#Canada" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Royal_Commissions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Royal Commissions">Royal commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">Postage stamps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#Dominion_of_Canada,_Victorian_period" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#Edward_VII" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#George_V" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_postage_stamps#Canada" title="Edward VIII postage stamps">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#George_VI" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_definitive_stamp_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II definitive stamp (Canada)">Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jubilees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Golden Jubilee, 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Diamond Jubilee, 1897</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_George_V" title="Silver Jubilee of George V">Silver Jubilee, 1935</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee, 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Ruby Jubilee, 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee, 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee, 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Sapphire Jubilee, 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee, 2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_monuments_in_Canada" title="Royal monuments in Canada">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_eponyms_in_Canada" title="Royal eponyms in Canada">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_prefix" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal prefix">Royal prefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_patronage" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage">Royal patronage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swans" title="Royal Swans">Royal Swans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_viceroyal_transport_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and viceroyal transport in Canada">Royal and viceroyal transport</a></li> <li><a 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