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aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Overview subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowel_harmony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowel_harmony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Vowel harmony </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowel_harmony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separated_final_vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separated_final_vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Separated final vowels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separated_final_vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separated_suffixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separated_suffixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Separated suffixes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separated_suffixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonant_clusters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonant_clusters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Consonant clusters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonant_clusters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compound_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compound_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Compound names </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compound_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isolate_citation_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isolate_citation_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Isolate citation forms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolate_citation_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Letters </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Letters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Letters subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sort_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sort_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Sort orders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sort_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_Mongolian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_Mongolian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Native Mongolian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_Mongolian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galik_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galik_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Galik characters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galik_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punctuation_and_numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation_and_numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Punctuation and numerals </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Punctuation_and_numerals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Punctuation and numerals subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Punctuation_and_numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Punctuation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Numerals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components_and_writing_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components_and_writing_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Components and writing styles </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Components_and_writing_styles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Components and writing styles subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Components_and_writing_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Components </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Writing styles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rounded_letterforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rounded_letterforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Rounded letterforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rounded_letterforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Tail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yodh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yodh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Yodh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yodh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diacritics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diacritics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.4 Diacritics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diacritics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.5 Bow </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gimel-heth_and_kaph" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gimel-heth_and_kaph"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.6 Gimel-heth and kaph </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gimel-heth_and_kaph-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligatures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligatures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.7 Ligatures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligatures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_tail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_tail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.8 Short tail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_tail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taw_and_lamedh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taw_and_lamedh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.9 Taw and lamedh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taw_and_lamedh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.10 Tsade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.11 Resh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Example </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Unicode </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Unicode subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Blocks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keyboard_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboard_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Keyboard layout </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keyboard_layout-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Keyboard layout subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Keyboard_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unshifted_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unshifted_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Unshifted layout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unshifted_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shifted_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shifted_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Shifted layout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shifted_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keyboards_Mongolian_script_layout_online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboards_Mongolian_script_layout_online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Keyboards Mongolian script layout online </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyboards_Mongolian_script_layout_online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Summaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.4 Grammars </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dictionaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dictionaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.5 Dictionaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dictionaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transliteration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transliteration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.6 Transliteration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transliteration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.7 Manuscripts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.8 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mongolian script</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoolse_skrif" title="Mongoolse skrif – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mongoolse skrif" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كتابة مغولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتابة مغولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monqol_yaz%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Monqol yazısı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monqol yazısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Mongol" title="Aksara Mongol – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Aksara Mongol" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Старамангольскае пісьмо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старамангольскае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Старамангольскае пісьмо – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Старамангольскае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Старомонголска писменост – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Старомонголска писменост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Монгол бэшэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Монгол бэшэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_mongol" title="Alfabet mongol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet mongol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolsk%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Mongolské písmo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mongolské písmo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolische_Schrift" title="Mongolische Schrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mongolische Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE" title="Μογγολική γραφή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μογγολική γραφή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_mongol_tradicional" title="Alfabeto mongol tradicional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto mongol tradicional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongola_tradicia_alfabeto" title="Mongola tradicia alfabeto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mongola tradicia alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خط مغولی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط مغولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_bitchig" title="Mongol bitchig – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mongol bitchig" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoalsk_alfabet" title="Mongoalsk alfabet – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mongoalsk alfabet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrita_mongol" title="Escrita mongol – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escrita mongol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="몽골 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몽골 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="मंगोल लिपि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मंगोल लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Mongol" title="Aksara Mongol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Mongol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mong%C3%B3lskt_ritm%C3%A1l" title="Mongólskt ritmál – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mongólskt ritmál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrittura_mongola" title="Scrittura mongola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scrittura mongola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="כתב מונגולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתב מונגולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მონღოლური დამწერლობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მონღოლური დამწერლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_ya_Kimongoli" title="Alfabeti ya Kimongoli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alfabeti ya Kimongoli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Mongolų raštas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mongolų raštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Монголско писмо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монголско писмо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Монгол бичиг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Монгол бичиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongools_schrift" title="Mongools schrift – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mongools schrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="मंगोलियन लिपि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मंगोलियन लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="モンゴル文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モンゴル文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoolisk_skraft" title="Mongoolisk skraft – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mongoolisk skraft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_mongolske_alfabetet" title="Det mongolske alfabetet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det mongolske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%CA%BBg%CA%BBul_yozuvi" title="Moʻgʻul yozuvi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moʻgʻul yozuvi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਮੰਗੋਲ ਲਿੱਪੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੰਗੋਲ ਲਿੱਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="منگولی لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="منگولی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_mongolskie" title="Pismo mongolskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo mongolskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrita_mongol_tradicional" title="Escrita mongol tradicional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escrita mongol tradicional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%B1%C4%9Fol_yazuv%C4%B1" title="Moñğol yazuvı – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Moñğol yazuvı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Старомонгольское письмо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Старомонгольское письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Монгуол бичигэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Монгуол бичигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mongolian script" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolin_kirjaimisto" title="Mongolin kirjaimisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mongolin kirjaimisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolisk_skrift" title="Mongolisk skrift – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mongolisk skrift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulat_Monggol" title="Sulat Monggol – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sulat Monggol" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="மொங்கோலிய எழுத்துமுறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொங்கோலிய எழுத்துமுறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรมองโกเลีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรมองโกเลีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%9Fol_alfabesi" title="Moğol alfabesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Moğol alfabesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Старомонгольське письмо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Старомонгольське письмо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_M%C3%B4ng_C%E1%BB%95" title="Chữ Mông Cổ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Mông Cổ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="蒙古文字 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蒙古文字" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="蒙古字母 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒙古字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="蒙古字母 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蒙古字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87" title="传统蒙古文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="传统蒙古文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Mongol" title="Aksara Mongol – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Aksara Mongol" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Writing system used for the Mongolian language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the original Mongolian writing system. For later developments, see <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems" title="Mongolian writing systems">Mongolian writing systems</a>. For the language, see <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian language</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Mongolian script <div style="font-weight:normal"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:M_injinash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/M_injinash.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="312" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="312" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Poem composed and brush-written by <a href="/wiki/Vanchinbalyn_Injinash" title="Vanchinbalyn Injinash">Injinash</a>, 19th century</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tata-tonga" title="Tata-tonga">Tata-tonga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1204 – 1941 (common use) 1941 – present (common use in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>; chiefly ceremonial use in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Vertical up-to-down, left-to-right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian language</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic alphabet">Proto-Sinaitic alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Mongolian script</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagur_language#Writing_system" title="Dagur language">Dagur alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xibe_language#Writing_system" title="Xibe language">Xibe alphabet</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Oirat_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Oirat alphabet">Oirat alphabet</a> (Clear script) <a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Buryat alphabet</a> <a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a> <a href="/wiki/Evenki_language#China" title="Evenki language">Evenki alphabet</a> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>Mong <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">(145), Mongolian</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Mongolian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1800.pdf">U+1800–U+18AF</a> Mongolian</li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11660.pdf">U+11660–U+1167F</a> Mong. Supplement</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"> This article contains <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Monggol_bicig.svg/11px-Monggol_bicig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Monggol_bicig.svg/17px-Monggol_bicig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Monggol_bicig.svg/23px-Monggol_bicig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="480" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolian script</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Mongolian" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of text in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolian script</a>.</div></div> </div> The traditional Mongolian script,<a href="#cite_note-1">[note 1]</a> also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig,<a href="#cite_note-2">[note 2]</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian alphabet">writing system</a> created specifically for the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian language</a>, and was the most widespread until the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> in 1946. It is traditionally written in vertical lines <a href="/wiki/Writing_System#Directionality" title="Writing System"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Text_direction_TDright.svg/20px-Text_direction_TDright.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Text_direction_TDright.svg/30px-Text_direction_TDright.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Text_direction_TDright.svg/40px-Text_direction_TDright.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> Top-Down, right across the page. Derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur alphabet</a>, it is a true <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a>, with separate letters for consonants and vowels. It has been adapted for such languages as <a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>. Alphabets based on this classical vertical script continue to be used in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> to write Mongolian, <a href="/wiki/Xibe_language" title="Xibe language">Xibe</a> and, experimentally, <a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computer_operating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer operating system">Computer operating systems</a> have been slow to adopt support for the Mongolian script; almost all have incomplete support or other text rendering difficulties. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermitage_hall_366_-_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hermitage_hall_366_-_06.jpg/170px-Hermitage_hall_366_-_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hermitage_hall_366_-_06.jpg/255px-Hermitage_hall_366_-_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hermitage_hall_366_-_06.jpg/340px-Hermitage_hall_366_-_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The so-called <a href="/wiki/Stele_of_Genghis_Khan" title="Stele of Genghis Khan">Stone of Genghis Khan or Stele of Yisüngge</a>, with the earliest known inscription in the Mongolian script.<a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 33 </figcaption></figure> The Mongolian vertical script developed as an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur alphabet</a> for the Mongolian language.<a href="#cite_note-Daniels1996-4">[2]</a>: 545  <a href="/wiki/Tata-tonga" title="Tata-tonga">Tata-tonga</a>, a 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> scribe captured by <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, was responsible for bringing the Old Uyghur alphabet to the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a> and adapting it to the form of the Mongolian script.<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a> From the seventh and eighth to the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the Mongolian language separated into southern, eastern and western dialects. The principal documents from the period of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Mongol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Mongol language">Middle Mongol language</a> are: in the eastern dialect, the famous text <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_History_of_the_Mongols" class="mw-redirect" title="The Secret History of the Mongols">The Secret History of the Mongols</a>, monuments in the <a href="/wiki/%27Phags-pa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="'Phags-pa script">Square script</a>, materials of the <a href="/wiki/Huayiyiyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Huayiyiyu">Chinese–Mongolian glossary of the fourteenth century</a> and materials of the Mongolian language of the middle period in Chinese transcription, etc.; in the western dialect, materials of the Arab–Mongolian and Persian–Mongolian dictionaries, Mongolian texts in Arabic transcription, etc.<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 1–2  The main features of the period are that the vowels ï and i had lost their phonemic significance, creating the i <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Chakhar_Mongolian" title="Chakhar Mongolian">Chakhar dialect</a>, the Standard Mongolian in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, these vowels are still distinct); inter-vocal consonants γ/g, b/w had disappeared and the preliminary process of the formation of Mongolian long vowels had begun; the initial h was preserved in many words; grammatical categories were partially absent, etc. The development over this period explains why the Mongolian script looks like a vertical Arabic script (in particular the presence of the dot system).<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 1–2  Eventually, minor concessions were made to the differences between the <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur">Uyghur</a> and Mongol languages: In the 17th and 18th centuries, smoother and more angular versions of the letter <a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">tsadi</a> became associated with [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>] and [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>] respectively, and in the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu script">Manchu</a> hooked <a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">yodh</a> was adopted for initial [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]. <a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">Zain</a> was dropped as it was redundant for [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]. Various schools of orthography, some using <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>, were developed to avoid ambiguity.<a href="#cite_note-Daniels1996-4">[2]</a>: 545  Traditional Mongolian words are <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">written vertically</a> from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right. The Old Uyghur script and its descendants, of which traditional Mongolian is one among <a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat Clear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a> are the only known vertical scripts written from left to right. This developed because the Uyghurs rotated their <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a>-derived script, originally written right to left, 90 degrees counterclockwise to emulate Chinese writing, but without changing the relative orientation of the letters.<a href="#cite_note-Kara2-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 36  The <a href="/wiki/Reed_pen" title="Reed pen">reed pen</a> was the writing instrument of choice until the 18th century, when the <a href="/wiki/Ink_brush" title="Ink brush">brush</a> took its place under Chinese influence.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd2013-8">[6]</a>: 422  Pens were also historically made of wood, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, bone, <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, or iron. Ink used was black or <a href="/wiki/Cinnabar" title="Cinnabar">cinnabar</a> red, and written with on <a href="/wiki/Birch_bark" title="Birch bark">birch bark</a>, paper, cloths made of <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> or cotton, and wooden or <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> plates.<a href="#cite_note-Berkwitz2009-9">[7]</a>: 80–81  <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalam2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reed pens"><img alt="Reed pens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kalam2.jpg/240px-Kalam2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kalam2.jpg/360px-Kalam2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kalam2.jpg/480px-Kalam2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reed pens</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinceaux_chinois.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ink brushes"><img alt="Ink brushes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pinceaux_chinois.jpg/322px-Pinceaux_chinois.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pinceaux_chinois.jpg/482px-Pinceaux_chinois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pinceaux_chinois.jpg/643px-Pinceaux_chinois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="1094" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ink brushes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Writing implements of the Bogd Khan"><img alt="Writing implements of the Bogd Khan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB.jpg/270px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB.jpg/405px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB.jpg/540px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Writing_implements" class="mw-redirect" title="Writing implements">Writing implements</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khan" title="Bogd Khan">Bogd Khan</a></div> </li> </ul> Mongols learned their script as a <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabary</a>, dividing the syllables into twelve different classes, based on the final phonemes of the syllables, all of which ended in vowels.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> The script remained in continuous use by Mongolian speakers in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a>, it was largely replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet</a>, although the vertical script remained in limited use. In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to increase the use of the traditional Mongolian script and to use both Cyrillic and Mongolian script in official documents by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> However, due to the particularity of the traditional Mongolian script, a large part (40%<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Sinicization" title="Sinicization">Sinicized</a> <a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols in China</a> are unable to read or write this script, and in many cases the script is only used symbolically on plaques in many cities.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Names">edit</a>]</div> The script is known by a wide variety of names. As it was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur alphabet</a>, the Mongol script is known as the Uighur(-)Mongol script.<a href="#cite_note-17">[note 3]</a> From 1941 onwards, it became known as the Old Script,<a href="#cite_note-18">[note 4]</a> in contrast to the New Script,<a href="#cite_note-19">[note 5]</a> referring to Cyrillic. The Mongolian script is also known as the Hudum or 'not exact' script,<a href="#cite_note-20">[note 6]</a> in comparison with the <a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Todo</a> 'clear, exact' script,<a href="#cite_note-21">[note 7]</a> and also as 'vertical script'.<a href="#cite_note-22">[note 8]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[15]</a>: 308 <a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 30–32, 38–39 <a href="#cite_note-Sanders2010-24">[16]</a>: 640 <a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2012-25">[17]</a>: 7 <a href="#cite_note-Bawden2013-26">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanders2015-27">[19]</a>: 206 <a href="#cite_note-28">[20]</a>: 27 <a href="#cite_note-MnToli-29">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> The traditional or classical <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian alphabet">Mongolian alphabet</a>, sometimes called Hudum 'traditional' in <a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a> in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Clear_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear script">Clear script</a> (Todo 'exact'), is the original form of the Mongolian script used to write the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian language</a>. It does not distinguish several vowels (o/u, ö/ü, final a/e) and consonants (syllable-initial t/d and k/g, sometimes ǰ/y) that were not required for <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Uyghur</a>, which was the source of the Mongol (or Uyghur-Mongol) script.<a href="#cite_note-Kara2-7">[5]</a> The result is somewhat comparable to the situation of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, which must represent ten or more vowels with only five letters and uses the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> th for two distinct sounds. Ambiguity is sometimes prevented by context, as the requirements of <a href="/wiki/Vowel_harmony" title="Vowel harmony">vowel harmony</a> and syllable sequence usually indicate the correct sound. Moreover, as there are few words with an exactly identical spelling, actual ambiguities are rare for a reader who knows the orthography. Letters have different forms depending on their position in a word: initial, medial, or final. In some cases, additional graphic variants are selected for visual harmony with the subsequent character. The rules for writing below apply specifically for the Mongolian language, unless stated otherwise. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowel_harmony">Vowel harmony</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vowel harmony">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language#Vowels" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian vowel harmony</a> separates the vowels of words into three groups – two mutually exclusive and one neutral: <ul><li>The back, male, masculine,<a href="#cite_note-Manchu-30">[22]</a> hard, or <a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yang</a><a href="#cite_note-Yinyang-31">[23]</a> vowels a, o, and u.</li> <li>The front, female, feminine,<a href="#cite_note-Manchu-30">[22]</a> soft, or <a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yin</a><a href="#cite_note-Yinyang-31">[23]</a> vowels e, ö, and ü.</li> <li>The neutral vowel i, able to appear in all words.</li></ul> Any Mongolian word can contain the neutral vowel i, but only vowels from either of the other two groups. The vowel qualities of visually separated vowels and suffixes must likewise harmonize with those of the preceding word stem. Such suffixes are written with front or neutral vowels when preceded by a word stem containing only neutral vowels. Any of these rules might not apply for foreign words however.<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 11, 35, 39 <a href="#cite_note-Grønbech1993-32">[24]</a>: 10 <a href="#cite_note-Bilig2011-33">[25]</a>: 4 <a href="#cite_note-CJVLang2013-34">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separated_final_vowels">Separated final vowels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Separated final vowels">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolia_police_patch_03.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mongolia_police_patch_03.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Mongolia_police_patch_03.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mongolia_police_patch_03.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Mongolia_police_patch_03.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mongolia_police_patch_03.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Mongolia_police_patch_03.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="2202" /></a><figcaption>Two examples of the two kinds of letter separation: with the suffix ‑un ( <a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/24px-Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/36px-Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/48px-Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="24" /></a> ) and the final vowel ‑a ( <a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/34px-Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/51px-Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/68px-Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="36" /></a> )</figcaption></figure> A separated final form of vowels a or e (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> ‑a/‑e) is common, and can appear at the end of a <a href="/wiki/Word_stem" title="Word stem">word stem</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>. This form requires a final-shaped preceding letter, and an word-internal gap in between. This gap can be transliterated with a hyphen.<a href="#cite_note-35">[note 9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 30, 77 <a href="#cite_note-Svantesson2005-36">[27]</a>: 42 <a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 38–39 <a href="#cite_note-Bilig2011-33">[25]</a>: 27 <a href="#cite_note-UCCoreSpec-37">[28]</a>: 534–535  The presence or lack of a separated a or e can also indicate differences in meaning between different words (compare <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> qar‑a 'black' with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬᠠᠷᠠ qara 'to look').<a href="#cite_note-EKIMn2015-38">[29]</a>: 3 <a href="#cite_note-UCCoreSpec-37">[28]</a>: 535  It has the same shape as the traditional dative-locative suffix ‑a/‑e exemplified in the next section. This form of the suffix is, however, more commonly found in older texts, and is restricted in its Post-<a href="/wiki/Classical_Mongolian_language" title="Classical Mongolian language">Classical</a> use.<a href="#cite_note-Grønbech1993-32">[24]</a>: 15 <a href="#cite_note-LinguaMnGrammar-39">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 46  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separated_suffixes">Separated suffixes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Separated suffixes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_1925.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="1925 logo of Buryat–Mongolian newspaper in Mongolian script" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_1925.jpeg/220px-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_1925.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_1925.jpeg/330px-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_1925.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_1925.jpeg/440px-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_1925.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>1925 logo of Buryat–Mongolian newspaper: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠦᠨᠡᠨ᠃ Buriyad Mongγol‑un ünen '<a href="/wiki/Buryad_Unen" title="Buryad Unen">Buryat-Mongol truth</a>' with the suffix <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠤᠨ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> ‑un.</figcaption></figure> All <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_case" title="Grammatical case">case</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffixes</a>, as well as any plural suffixes consisting of one or two syllables, are likewise separated by a preceding and hyphen-transliterated gap.<a href="#cite_note-40">[note 10]</a> A maximum of two case suffixes can be added to a stem.<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 30, 73 <a href="#cite_note-Grønbech1993-32">[24]</a>: 12 <a href="#cite_note-LinguaMnGrammar-39">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Suffixes-41">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bilig2011-33">[25]</a>: 28 <a href="#cite_note-UCCoreSpec-37">[28]</a>: 534  Such single-letter vowel suffixes appear with the final-shaped forms of a/e, i, or u/ü,<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 30  as in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> γaǰar‑a 'to the country' and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠡ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> edür‑e 'on the day',<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 39  or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> ulus‑i 'the state' etc.<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 23  Multi-letter suffixes most often start with an initial- (consonants), medial- (vowels), or variant-shaped form. Medial-shaped u in the two-letter suffix <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠤᠨ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> ‑un/‑ün is exemplified in the adjacent newspaper logo.<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 30 <a href="#cite_note-UCCoreSpec-37">[28]</a>: 27  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonant_clusters">Consonant clusters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consonant clusters">edit</a>]</div> Two medial consonants are the most that can come together in original Mongolian words. There are however, a few loanwords that can begin or end with two or more.<a href="#cite_note-43">[note 11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compound_names">Compound names</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Compound names">edit</a>]</div> In the modern language, <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper names</a> can usually join two words into graphic compounds (such as those of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬᠠᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ Qas'erdeni 'Jasper-jewel' or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ Kökeqota – the city of <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a>; as opposed to other compound words). This also allows components of different harmonic classes to be joined together, and vowels of an added suffix will harmonize with those of the latter part of the compound. Orthographic peculiarities are most often retained, as with the short and long teeth of an initial-shaped ⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠥ‍→<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠊ᠥ᠌‍⟩ ö in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠮᠤᠤ‍‍ᠥ᠌‍‍ᠬᠢᠨ Muu'ökin 'Bad Girl' (<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name#Taboo_names" title="Mongolian name">protective name</a>). Medial t and d, in contrast, are not affected in this way.<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 30 <a href="#cite_note-Kara2005-44">[33]</a>: 92 <a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 44 <a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2012-25">[17]</a>: 88  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isolate_citation_forms">Isolate citation forms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Isolate citation forms">edit</a>]</div> Isolate citation forms for syllables containing o, u, ö, and ü may in dictionaries appear without a final tail as in ⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠪᠣ⟩ bo/bu or ⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠮᠣ᠋⟩ mo/mu, and with a vertical tail as in ⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠪᠥ᠋⟩ bö/bü or ⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠮᠥ᠋⟩ mö/mü (as well as in transcriptions of Chinese syllables).<a href="#cite_note-CJVLang2013-34">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 39  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters">Letters</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Letters">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sort_orders">Sort orders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sort orders">edit</a>]</div> Only in a late form can a definite order of signs be established for the alphabet, but can likely be traced back to an earlier Uyghur model.<a href="#cite_note-Kara2005-44">[33]</a>: 31  <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Example orders<a href="#cite_note-45">[note 12]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="South Mongolia">South (inner) Mongolian</a> order<a href="#cite_note-Luvsandorj2008-46">[34]</a>: 53  </th> <td rowspan="3">a</td> <td rowspan="3">e</td> <td rowspan="3">i</td> <td rowspan="3">o</td> <td rowspan="3">u</td> <td rowspan="3">ö</td> <td rowspan="3">ü</td> <td rowspan="3">n</td> <td rowspan="3">b</td> <td>p</td> <td>q</td> <td>k</td> <td>ɣ</td> <td>g</td> <td>m</td> <td>l</td> <td>s</td> <td>š</td> <td>t</td> <td>d</td> <td>č</td> <td>ǰ</td> <td>y</td> <td>r</td> <td>v</td> <td>(f)</td> <td rowspan="2">(ž)</td> <td rowspan="3">(c)</td> <td rowspan="3">(k)</td> <td rowspan="3">(h) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dictionaries after 1924, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Republic">Mongolian Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-Luvsandorj2008-46">[34]</a>: 53  </th> <td rowspan="2">q</td> <td rowspan="2">k</td> <td rowspan="2">ɣ</td> <td rowspan="2">g</td> <td rowspan="2">ǰ</td> <td rowspan="2">y</td> <td rowspan="2">t</td> <td rowspan="2">d</td> <td rowspan="2">m</td> <td rowspan="2">č</td> <td rowspan="2">r</td> <td rowspan="2">s</td> <td rowspan="2">š</td> <td rowspan="2">l</td> <td rowspan="2">v</td> <td>(f)</td> <td>(p) </td></tr> <tr> <th>1986 <a href="/wiki/Primer_(textbook)" title="Primer (textbook)">primer</a>, Mongolian Republic<a href="#cite_note-Sanders2015-27">[19]</a>: 212–214  </th> <td>(p) </td> <td>(f) </td> <td>(z) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_Mongolian">Native Mongolian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Native Mongolian">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script_multigraphs" title="Mongolian script multigraphs">Mongolian script multigraphs</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:19th_century_Mongolian_alphabet_and_syllabary_-_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/19th_century_Mongolian_alphabet_and_syllabary_-_3.jpg/220px-19th_century_Mongolian_alphabet_and_syllabary_-_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/19th_century_Mongolian_alphabet_and_syllabary_-_3.jpg/330px-19th_century_Mongolian_alphabet_and_syllabary_-_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/19th_century_Mongolian_alphabet_and_syllabary_-_3.jpg/440px-19th_century_Mongolian_alphabet_and_syllabary_-_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4434" data-file-height="6068" /></a><figcaption>The script represented as a syllabary, 19th century</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Native Mongolian </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Letters <a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 17, 18 <a href="#cite_note-Daniels1996-4">[2]</a>: 546  </th> <th colspan="3">Contextual forms </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">Transliteration</a><a href="#cite_note-transl-48">[note 13]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Initial </th> <th>Medial </th> <th>Final </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mong. Cyrillic</a><a href="#cite_note-Skorodumova2000-49">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-EKIMn2006-47">[35]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language#Phonology" title="Mongolian language">Khalkha</a><a href="#cite_note-Svantesson2005-36">[27]</a>: 40–42  </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chakhar_Mongolian#Phonology" title="Chakhar Mongolian">Chakhar</a><a href="#cite_note-CJVLang2013-34">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-StudyMn2013-50">[37]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>  </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/A_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="A (Mongolic)">ᠠ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠠ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠠ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠠ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠠ᠋ </td> <td>a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)">а</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/E_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="E (Mongolic)">ᠡ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠡ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠡ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠡ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠡ᠋ </td> <td>e </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E_(Cyrillic)" title="E (Cyrillic)">э</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/I_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="I (Mongolic)">ᠢ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠢ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠢ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠢ </td> <td>i </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">и</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/ or /<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/O_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="O (Mongolic)">ᠣ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠣ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠣ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠣ </td> <td>o </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">о</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/U_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="U (Mongolic)">ᠤ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠤ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠤ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠤ </td> <td>u </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_(Cyrillic)" title="U (Cyrillic)">у</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Oe_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Oe (Mongolic)">ᠥ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠥ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠥ᠋‍ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠥ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠥ </td> <td>ö </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oe_(Cyrillic)" title="Oe (Cyrillic)">ө</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ue_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ue (Mongolic)">ᠦ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠦ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠦ᠋‍ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠦ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠦ </td> <td>ü </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ue_(Cyrillic)" title="Ue (Cyrillic)">ү</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Na_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Na (Mongolic)">ᠨ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠨ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠨ‍ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠨ᠋‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠨ᠎ </td> <td>n </td> <td><a href="/wiki/N_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="N (Cyrillic)">н</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ang_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ang (Mongolic)">ᠩ</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠩ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠩ </td> <td>ng </td> <td>нг </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ba_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ba (Mongolic)">ᠪ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠪ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠪ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠪ </td> <td>b </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">б</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>/ and /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Pa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Pa (Mongolic)">ᠫ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠫ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠫ‍ </td> <td>— </td> <td>p </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)">п</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Qa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Qa (Mongolic)">ᠬ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬ <a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_letter_Qa_(initial_form).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/30px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/45px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/60px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠬ‍ <a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_letter_Qa_(initial_form).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/30px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/45px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/60px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠬ </td> <td>q k </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">х</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ga_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ga (Mongolic)">ᠭ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠭ <a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_letter_Qa_(initial_form).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/30px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/45px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/60px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠭ‍ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠭ᠋‍ <a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_letter_Qa_(initial_form).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/30px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/45px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg/60px-Mongolian_letter_Qa_%28initial_form%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠭ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠭ᠎ <a href="/wiki/File:3mg_g_final.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/3mg_g_final.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="27" /></a> </td> <td>ɣ g </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">г</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ma_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ma (Mongolic)">ᠮ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠮ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠮ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠮ </td> <td>m </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">м</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/La_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="La (Mongolic)">ᠯ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠯ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠯ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠯ </td> <td>l </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">л</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Sa (Mongolic)">ᠰ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠰ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠰ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠰ </td> <td>s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">с</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/ or /<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/ before i </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Sha (Mongolic)">ᠱ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠱ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠱ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠱ </td> <td>š </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)">ш</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ta_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ta (Mongolic)">ᠲ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠲ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠲ‍ </td> <td>— </td> <td>t </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">т</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Da_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Da (Mongolic)">ᠳ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠳ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠳ‍ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠳ᠋‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠳ </td> <td>d </td> <td><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">д</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/ and /<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Cha_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Cha (Mongolic)">ᠴ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠴ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠴ‍ </td> <td>— </td> <td>č </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">ч</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">t͡ʃʰ</a>/ and /<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">t͡sʰ</a>/ </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ja_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ja (Mongolic)">ᠵ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠵ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠵ‍ </td> <td>— </td> <td>ǰ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)">ж</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>/ and <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ya_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ya (Mongolic)">ᠶ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠶ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠶ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠶ </td> <td>y </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Short_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Short I">й</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ra_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ra (Mongolic)">ᠷ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠷ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠷ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠷ </td> <td>r </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">р</a> </td> <td colspan="2">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galik_characters">Galik characters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Galik characters">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></div> In 1587, the translator and scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayuush_G%C3%BC%C3%BCsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayuush Güüsh (page does not exist)">Ayuush Güüsh</a> created the Galik alphabet (Али-гали Ali-gali), inspired by the third <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Dalai_Lama" title="3rd Dalai Lama">Sonam Gyatso</a>. It primarily added extra characters for transcribing <a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Tibetan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> terms when translating religious texts, and later also from <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>. Some of those characters are still in use today for writing foreign names (as listed below).<a href="#cite_note-51">[38]</a> In 1917, the politician and linguist <a href="/wiki/Bayant%C3%B6m%C3%B6riin_Khaisan" title="Bayantömöriin Khaisan">Bayantömöriin Khaisan</a> published the <a href="/wiki/Rime_dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Rime dictionary">rime dictionary</a> Mongolian-Han Bilingual Original Sounds of the Five Regions,<a href="#cite_note-52">[a]</a> a bilingual edition of the earlier Original Sounds of the Five Regions,<a href="#cite_note-53">[b]</a> to aid Mongolian speakers in learning Mandarin Chinese. To that end, he included transliterations of Mandarin using the Mongolian script, and repurposed three Galik letters to represent the Mandarin <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonants" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex consonants">retroflex consonants</a>. These letters remain in use in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> for the purpose of transcribing Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-54">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_tibetan_scripts_primer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mongolian_tibetan_scripts_primer.jpg/250px-Mongolian_tibetan_scripts_primer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mongolian_tibetan_scripts_primer.jpg/375px-Mongolian_tibetan_scripts_primer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mongolian_tibetan_scripts_primer.jpg/500px-Mongolian_tibetan_scripts_primer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="793" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: <a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">Phagspa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Lantsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>, Mongolian, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese script">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>, from 1903 or earier</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Galik characters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Letters<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 17–18 <a href="#cite_note-Daniels1996-4">[2]</a>: 546  </th> <th colspan="3">Contextual forms </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">Transliteration</a><a href="#cite_note-transl-48">[note 13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 27–28  </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </th></tr> <tr> <th>Initial </th> <th>Medial </th> <th>Final </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mong. Cyrillic</a><a href="#cite_note-Skorodumova2000-49">[36]</a>: 44–49 <a href="#cite_note-EKIMn2006-47">[35]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a><a href="#cite_note-BabelStone-55">[40]</a>: 63–69, 189–194, 243–255  </th></tr> <tr> <th>  </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/E_(Mongolic)#Ee" title="E (Mongolic)">ᠧ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠧ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠧ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠧ </td> <td>ē/é </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">е</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E_(Indic)" title="E (Indic)">ए</a> </td> <td><big><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style>ཨེ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Wa (Mongolic)">ᠸ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠸ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠸ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠸ </td> <td>w/v </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">в</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Va_(Indic)" title="Va (Indic)">व</a> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཝ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠹ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠹ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠹ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠹ </td> <td>f </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)">ф</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pha_(Indic)" title="Pha (Indic)">फ</a> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཕ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠺ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠺ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠺ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠺ </td> <td>g/k </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)">к</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ga_(Indic)" title="Ga (Indic)">ग</a> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ག</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠻ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠻ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠻ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠻ </td> <td>k/kh </td> <td>к </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Indic)" title="Kha (Indic)">ख</a> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཁ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠼ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠼ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠼ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠼ </td> <td>c </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)">ц</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cha_(Indic)" title="Cha (Indic)">छ</a> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཚ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">t͡s</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠽ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠽ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠽ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠽ </td> <td>z </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)">з</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ca_(Indic)" title="Ca (Indic)">च</a> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཙ</big> <big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཛ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠾ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠾ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠾ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠾ </td> <td>h </td> <td>х </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ha_(Indic)" title="Ha (Indic)">ह</a> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཧ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠿ <a href="#cite_note-56">[note 14]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠿ‍ </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>ž </td> <td>ж </td> <td> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཞ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a>/ <a href="#cite_note-voiced_continuant-58">[note 15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡀ <a href="#cite_note-60">[note 16]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡀ‍ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᡀ‍ </td> <td>— </td> <td>lh </td> <td>лх </td> <td> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ལྷ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡁ <a href="#cite_note-61">[note 17]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡁ‍ </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>zh </td> <td>з </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">d͡ʐ</a>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡂ <a href="#cite_note-62">[note 18]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡂ‍ </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>ch </td> <td>ч </td> <td> </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཋ</big> </td> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">t͡ʂ</a>/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 《蒙汉合璧五方元音》; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 《蒙漢合璧五方元音》 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 《五方元音》 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punctuation_and_numerals">Punctuation and numerals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Punctuation and numerals">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Punctuation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Supplement_(Unicode_block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Supplement (Unicode block)">Mongolian Supplement (Unicode block)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_intra-word_break.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pen-written_intra-word_break.svg/69px-Pen-written_intra-word_break.svg.png" decoding="async" width="69" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pen-written_intra-word_break.svg/104px-Pen-written_intra-word_break.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pen-written_intra-word_break.svg/138px-Pen-written_intra-word_break.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>Example of word-breaking the name Oyirad '<a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat</a>', 1604 manuscript</figcaption></figure> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 53px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 51px; height: 85px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -140px; left: -150px; width: 800px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_Mongolia_1932_1t.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Abbreviation exemplified with the initial syllable of the Mongolian tögrög (ᠲᠥ‍᠂)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Stamp_Mongolia_1932_1t.jpg/800px-Stamp_Mongolia_1932_1t.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Stamp_Mongolia_1932_1t.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="606" /></a></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_Mongolia_1932_1t.jpg" title="File:Stamp Mongolia 1932 1t.jpg"> </a></div>Abbreviation exemplified with the initial syllable of the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_t%C3%B6gr%C3%B6g" title="Mongolian tögrög">Mongolian tögrög</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠲᠥ‍᠂) </div> </div> </div> When written between words, punctuation marks use space on both sides of them. They can also appear at the very end of a line, regardless of where the preceding word ends.<a href="#cite_note-Kara2005-44">[33]</a>: 99  Red (cinnabar) ink is used in many manuscripts, to either symbolize emphasis or respect.<a href="#cite_note-Kara2005-44">[33]</a>: 241  Modern punctuation incorporates Western marks: parentheses; quotation, question, and exclamation marks; including precomposed <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E2%81%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:⁈">⁈</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E2%81%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:⁉">⁉</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UCCoreSpec-37">[28]</a>: 535–536  <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Punctuation<a href="#cite_note-Lessing1960-42">[32]</a>: 106, 168, 203 <a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 28 <a href="#cite_note-Shagdarsueren2001-63">[43]</a>: 30 <a href="#cite_note-Kara2005-44">[33]</a>: 99 <a href="#cite_note-EKIMn2006-47">[35]</a>: 3 <a href="#cite_note-UCCoreSpec-37">[28]</a>: 535–536 <a href="#cite_note-MnToli-29">[21]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Form(s) </th> <th>Name </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Function(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠀ </td> <td rowspan="5">Birga<a href="#cite_note-64">[note 19]</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">Marks start of a book, chapter, passage, or first line </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠀᠋ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠀᠌ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠀᠍ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">[...] </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠂ </td> <td>'Dot'<a href="#cite_note-65">[note 20]</a> </td> <td>Comma </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠃ </td> <td>'Double-dot'<a href="#cite_note-66">[note 21]</a> </td> <td>Period / full stop </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠅ </td> <td>'Four-fold dot'<a href="#cite_note-67">[note 22]</a> </td> <td>Marks end of a passage, paragraph, or chapter </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠁ </td> <td>'Dotted line'<a href="#cite_note-68">[note 23]</a> </td> <td>Ellipsis </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠄ </td> <td>[...]<a href="#cite_note-69">[note 24]</a> </td> <td>Colon </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠆ </td> <td rowspan="2">'Spine, backbone'<a href="#cite_note-70">[note 25]</a> </td> <td>Mongolian <a href="/wiki/Soft_hyphen" title="Soft hyphen">soft hyphen</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%A0%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:᠆">wikt:᠆</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠊ </td> <td>Mongolian <a href="/wiki/Hyphen#Non-breaking_hyphens" title="Hyphen">non-breaking hyphen</a>, or stem extender (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%A0%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:᠊">wikt:᠊</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Numerals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_numerals" title="Mongolian numerals">Mongolian numerals</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Text </th> <th>Image </th></tr> <tr> <td>15 on 'year of 15' on a 1925 tögrög coin, with the number written across the baseline.<a href="#cite_note-71">[44]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠑᠕ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠣᠨ </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 56px; height: 82px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -248px; left: -570px; width: 800px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolia-1Tukhrik-1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mongolia-1Tukhrik-1925.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Mongolia-1Tukhrik-1925.jpg/800px-Mongolia-1Tukhrik-1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Mongolia-1Tukhrik-1925.jpg/1200px-Mongolia-1Tukhrik-1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Mongolia-1Tukhrik-1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89 (top) written vertically on a hillside, with the number written along the baseline. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠘ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠙ </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 56px; height: 75px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -120px; left: -70px; width: 180px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Khoroo_11,_Ulaanbaatar,_Mongolia_-_panoramio_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Khoroo 11, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia - panoramio (10).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khoroo_11%2C_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/180px-Khoroo_11%2C_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khoroo_11%2C_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/270px-Khoroo_11%2C_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khoroo_11%2C_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/360px-Khoroo_11%2C_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Printed numeral 3, written along the baseline and rotated 90 degrees clockwise. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠁‍ᠤᠢ ᠓ ᠬᠡ‍᠁ </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 56px; height: 90px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -299px; left: -2674px; width: 3456px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Clothing_Felt_Coat_(35670324566).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Traditional Clothing Felt Coat (35670324566).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Traditional_Clothing_Felt_Coat_%2835670324566%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="3456" height="2304" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 20px;">0</th> <th style="width: 20px;">1</th> <th style="width: 20px;">2</th> <th style="width: 20px;">3</th> <th style="width: 20px;">4</th> <th style="width: 20px;">5</th> <th style="width: 20px;">6</th> <th style="width: 20px;">7</th> <th style="width: 20px;">8</th> <th style="width: 20px;">9 </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠐</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠑</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠒</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠓</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠔</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠕</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠖</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠗</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠘</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠙ </td></tr></tbody></table> Mongolian numerals are either written from left to right, or from top to bottom.<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 54 <a href="#cite_note-Skorodumova2000-49">[36]</a>: 9  For typographical reasons, they are rotated 90° in modern books to fit on the line.<a href="#cite_note-Grønbech1993-32">[24]</a>: 56  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components_and_writing_styles">Components and writing styles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Components and writing styles">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components">Components</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Components">edit</a>]</div> Listed in the table below are letter components (<a href="/wiki/Graphemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphemes">graphemes</a>)<a href="#cite_note-72">[note 26]</a> commonly used across the script. Some of these are used with several letters, and others to contrast between them. As their forms and usage may differ between <a href="#Writing_styles">writing styles</a>, however, examples of these can be found under this section below. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Common components <a href="#cite_note-Lessing1960-42">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Daniels1996-4">[2]</a>: 539–540, 545–546 <a href="#cite_note-Skorodumova2000-49">[36]</a>: 4–5 <a href="#cite_note-Shagdarsueren2001-63">[43]</a>: 29–30, 205 <a href="#cite_note-Sanders2003-74">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Clauson2005-75">[47]</a>: 111, 115 <a href="#cite_note-Kara2005-44">[33]</a>: 82–83, 86, 108–112 <a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 35–36 <a href="#cite_note-Luvsandorj2008-46">[34]</a>: 45 <a href="#cite_note-LinguaMnScript2011-76">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[49]</a>: 20 <a href="#cite_note-Sanders2015-27">[19]</a>: 211–212 <a href="#cite_note-Bolorsoft2018-78">[50]</a>: 10–11 <a href="#cite_note-79">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-MnToli-29">[21]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Form </th> <th>Name(s) </th> <th>Use </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠊ᠡ‍ </td> <td>'Tooth'<a href="#cite_note-81">[note 27]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">A main part of letters <a href="/wiki/A_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="A (Mongolic)">a</a>/<a href="/wiki/E_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="E (Mongolic)">e</a> (from Old Uyghur <a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">aleph</a>), <a href="/wiki/Na_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Na (Mongolic)">n</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">nun</a>, also part of the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> <a href="/wiki/Ang_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ang (Mongolic)">ng</a>), <a href="/wiki/Qa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Qa (Mongolic)">q</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ga_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ga (Mongolic)">γ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">gimel</a>-<a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">heth</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ma_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ma (Mongolic)">m</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">mem</a>), <a href="/wiki/La_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="La (Mongolic)">l</a> (hooked <a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">resh</a>), initial <a href="/wiki/Ta_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ta (Mongolic)">t</a>/<a href="/wiki/Da_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Da (Mongolic)">d</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">taw</a>), etc. <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Writing_styles">Historically also</a> part of <a href="/wiki/Qa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Qa (Mongolic)">k</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ga_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ga (Mongolic)">g</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">kaph</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Ra_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ra (Mongolic)">r</a> (resh). </td></tr> <tr> <td>'Tooth'<a href="#cite_note-82">[note 28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠡ‍ </td> <td>'Crown'<a href="#cite_note-83">[note 29]</a> </td> <td>An exaggerated initial (<a href="/wiki/Swash_(typography)" title="Swash (typography)">swash</a>) tooth. Used for the leading aleph of initial vowels (a, e, <a href="/wiki/I_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="I (Mongolic)">i</a>, <a href="/wiki/O_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="O (Mongolic)">o</a>, <a href="/wiki/U_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="U (Mongolic)">u</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oe_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Oe (Mongolic)">ö</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ue_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ue (Mongolic)">ü</a>, <a href="/wiki/E_(Mongolic)#Ee" title="E (Mongolic)">ē</a>), and with some initial consonants (n, m, l, h = nun, mem, hooked resh, ha etc.). Historically unused. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠊᠊ </td> <td>'Spine, backbone'<a href="#cite_note-84">[note 30]</a> </td> <td>The vertical line running through words. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍᠊ᠠ </td> <td>'Tail'<a href="#cite_note-85">[note 31]</a> </td> <td>The swash final of a/e, n, d, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍᠊ᠰ᠋ </td> <td>'Short tail'<a href="#cite_note-86">[note 32]</a> </td> <td>The swash final of q/γ, m, and <a href="/wiki/Sa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Sa (Mongolic)">s</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">samekh</a>-<a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">shin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">zayin</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> ⟨<a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_letter_E_(final_form-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mongolian_letter_E_%28final_form-2%29.svg/30px-Mongolian_letter_E_%28final_form-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mongolian_letter_E_%28final_form-2%29.svg/45px-Mongolian_letter_E_%28final_form-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mongolian_letter_E_%28final_form-2%29.svg/60px-Mongolian_letter_E_%28final_form-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a>⟩ </td> <td>Crook<a href="#cite_note-87">[note 33]</a> </td> <td>The separated final a/e. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crook, 'Sprinkling, dusting'<a href="#cite_note-88">[note 34]</a> </td> <td>The connected lower part of final a/e; the lower part of final g (kaph). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᡳ᠌ </td> <td>'Hook'<a href="#cite_note-89">[note 35]</a> </td> <td>The final part of final i (after bow-shaped b, k/g) and some galik letters. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠵ‍ </td> <td>'Shin, stick'<a href="#cite_note-90">[note 36]</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">A main part of i, <a href="/wiki/Ja_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ja (Mongolic)">ǰ</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ya_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ya (Mongolic)">y</a>, and final part of initial ö/ü (<a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">yodh</a>). Also the upper part of final g (kaph). </td></tr> <tr> <td>'Straight shin'<a href="#cite_note-91">[note 37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'Long tooth'<a href="#cite_note-92">[note 38]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠶ‍ </td> <td>'Shin with upturn'<a href="#cite_note-93">[note 39]</a> </td> <td>Initial and medial y (yodh). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠸ‍ </td> <td>Shin with downturn<a href="#cite_note-94">[note 40]</a> </td> <td>The letters ē and <a href="/wiki/Wa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Wa (Mongolic)">w</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">bet</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠷ‍ </td> <td>Horned shin<a href="#cite_note-95">[note 41]</a> </td> <td>The letter r (resh). Historically also the upper part of final g and separated a/e. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠳ᠋‍ </td> <td>'Looped shin'<a href="#cite_note-96">[note 42]</a> </td> <td>A medial t/d (<a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">lamedh</a>). Historically with its enclosed (<a href="/wiki/Counter_(typography)" title="Counter (typography)">counter</a>) endpoint varying in shape: as open/closed, hook-shaped, pointy/round etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡁ‍ </td> <td>'Hollow shin'<a href="#cite_note-97">[note 43]</a> </td> <td>The letters h and <a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">zh</a> (from the Tibetan script). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠢ </td> <td>'Bow'<a href="#cite_note-98">[note 44]</a> </td> <td>Final i, o/u/ö/ü, and r; ng, <a href="/wiki/Ba_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Ba (Mongolic)">b</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pa_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Pa (Mongolic)">p</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">pe</a>), k/g, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍᠊ᠣ‍ </td> <td>'Belly, stomach,' loop, contour<a href="#cite_note-99">[note 45]</a> </td> <td>The counter of o/u/ö/ü (<a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">waw</a>), b, p, initial t/d, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠲ‍ </td> <td>'Hind-gut'<a href="#cite_note-100">[note 46]</a> </td> <td>An initial t/d (taw). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬ </td> <td>[...]<a href="#cite_note-101">[note 47]</a> </td> <td>An initial q/γ (gimel-heth). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍᠊ᠮ‍ </td> <td rowspan="2">'Braid, pigtail'<a href="#cite_note-102">[note 48]</a> and 'Horn'<a href="#cite_note-103">[note 49]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">The letters m (mem) and l (hooked resh). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍᠊ᠯ‍ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍᠊ᠰ‍ </td> <td>'Corner of the mouth'<a href="#cite_note-104">[note 50]</a> </td> <td>The letters s/š (samekh-shin). </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠴ‍ </td> <td>[...]<a href="#cite_note-105">[note 51]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">The letter <a href="/wiki/Cha_(Mongolic)#Mongolian_language" title="Cha (Mongolic)">č</a> (angular <a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">tsade</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td>'Fork'<a href="#cite_note-106">[note 52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠵ‍ </td> <td>[...]<a href="#cite_note-107">[note 53]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">The letter ǰ (smooth tsade). </td></tr> <tr> <td>'Tusk, fang'<a href="#cite_note-108">[note 54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍᠊ᠹ‍ </td> <td rowspan="3">Flaglet, tuft<a href="#cite_note-109">[note 55]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">The left-side <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">f</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">z</a>, etc. These names are only used for such components created for words of foreign origin. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠽ‍ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing_styles">Writing styles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Writing styles">edit</a>]</div> As exemplified in this section, the shapes of glyphs may vary widely between different styles of writing and choice of medium with which to produce them. The development of written Mongolian can be divided into the three periods of pre-classical (beginning – 17th century), classical (16/17th century – 20th century), and modern (20th century onward):<a href="#cite_note-Lessing1960-42">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 2–3, 17, 23, 25–26 <a href="#cite_note-Grønbech1993-32">[24]</a>: 58–59 <a href="#cite_note-Daniels1996-4">[2]</a>: 539–540, 545–546 <a href="#cite_note-Skorodumova2000-49">[36]</a>: 62–63 <a href="#cite_note-Clauson2005-75">[47]</a>: 111, 113–114 <a href="#cite_note-Svantesson2005-36">[27]</a>: 40–42, 100–101, 117 <a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 34–37 <a href="#cite_note-110">[53]</a>: 8–11 <a href="#cite_note-Sanders2015-27">[19]</a>: 211–215  <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 62px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 60px; height: 215px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -121px; left: -919px; width: 1014px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:SanjufiniZij1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cursive sample in (pre-classical) Middle Mongol: Uridu maqam‑un qaǰiun medekü" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/SanjufiniZij1.jpg" decoding="async" width="1014" height="727" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="727" /></a></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:SanjufiniZij1.jpg" title="File:SanjufiniZij1.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">Cursive</a> sample in (pre-classical) Middle Mongol: Uridu maqam‑un qaǰiun medekü </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rounded_letterforms">Rounded letterforms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rounded letterforms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Rounded letterforms tend to be more prevalent with handwritten styles (compare printed and handwritten arban 'ten').</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Pen-written form </th> <th rowspan="2">Modern brush‑written form </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. form </th> <th>semi-modern forms </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_arban_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Block-printed_arban_2.svg/20px-Block-printed_arban_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Block-printed_arban_2.svg/30px-Block-printed_arban_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Block-printed_arban_2.svg/40px-Block-printed_arban_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="157" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_arban.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Block-printed_arban.svg/42px-Block-printed_arban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Block-printed_arban.svg/63px-Block-printed_arban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Block-printed_arban.svg/84px-Block-printed_arban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="84" data-file-height="105" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_arban.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pen-written_arban.svg/36px-Pen-written_arban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pen-written_arban.svg/54px-Pen-written_arban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pen-written_arban.svg/72px-Pen-written_arban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="62" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_arban_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Brush-written_arban_2.svg/24px-Brush-written_arban_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Brush-written_arban_2.svg/36px-Brush-written_arban_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Brush-written_arban_2.svg/48px-Brush-written_arban_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="71" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">arban 'ten' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_arban_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Block-printed_arban_v.svg/22px-Block-printed_arban_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Block-printed_arban_v.svg/33px-Block-printed_arban_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Block-printed_arban_v.svg/44px-Block-printed_arban_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="136" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tail">Tail</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tail">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Final letterforms with a right-pointing tail (such as those of a, e, n, q, γ, m, l, s, š, and d) may have the notch preceding it in printed form, written in a span between two extremes: from as a more or less tapered point, to a fully rounded curve in handwriting.</li> <li>The long final tails of a, e, n, and d in the texts of pre-classical Mongolian can become elongated vertically to fill up the remainder of a line. Such tails are used consistently for these letters in the earliest 13th to 15th century Uyghur Mongolian style of texts.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:81px;max-width:81px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_lengthened_-da%CE%B3an.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Block-printed_lengthened_-da%CE%B3an.svg/79px-Block-printed_lengthened_-da%CE%B3an.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Block-printed_lengthened_-da%CE%B3an.svg/119px-Block-printed_lengthened_-da%CE%B3an.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Block-printed_lengthened_-da%CE%B3an.svg/158px-Block-printed_lengthened_-da%CE%B3an.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="78" data-file-height="154" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:81px;max-width:81px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_-da%CE%B3an.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Block-printed_-da%CE%B3an.svg/79px-Block-printed_-da%CE%B3an.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Block-printed_-da%CE%B3an.svg/119px-Block-printed_-da%CE%B3an.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Block-printed_-da%CE%B3an.svg/158px-Block-printed_-da%CE%B3an.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="84" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Examples of lengthened letterforms d and n in ‑daγan (left), and their regular equivalents (right)</div></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Pen-written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Modern brush‑written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. forms </th> <th>semi-modern forms </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_acha-eche_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Block-printed_acha-eche_suffix_2.svg/19px-Block-printed_acha-eche_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Block-printed_acha-eche_suffix_2.svg/29px-Block-printed_acha-eche_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Block-printed_acha-eche_suffix_2.svg/38px-Block-printed_acha-eche_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="127" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix.svg/40px-Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix.svg/60px-Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix.svg/80px-Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="56" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-a%C4%8Da_-e%C4%8De.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_-a%C4%8Da_-e%C4%8De.svg/40px-Pen-written_-a%C4%8Da_-e%C4%8De.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_-a%C4%8Da_-e%C4%8De.svg/60px-Pen-written_-a%C4%8Da_-e%C4%8De.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_-a%C4%8Da_-e%C4%8De.svg/80px-Pen-written_-a%C4%8Da_-e%C4%8De.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="46" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_aca-ece_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brush-written_aca-ece_suffix_2.svg/20px-Brush-written_aca-ece_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brush-written_aca-ece_suffix_2.svg/30px-Brush-written_aca-ece_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brush-written_aca-ece_suffix_2.svg/40px-Brush-written_aca-ece_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="47" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">‑ača/‑eče </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix_v.svg/18px-Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix_v.svg/27px-Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix_v.svg/36px-Block-printed_aca-ece_suffix_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="100" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/19px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/29px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/38px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="111" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_un-uen_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix.svg/50px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix.svg/75px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix.svg/100px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="51" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-un_-%C3%BCn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pen-written_-un_-%C3%BCn.svg/36px-Pen-written_-un_-%C3%BCn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pen-written_-un_-%C3%BCn.svg/54px-Pen-written_-un_-%C3%BCn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pen-written_-un_-%C3%BCn.svg/72px-Pen-written_-un_-%C3%BCn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="38" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/24px-Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/36px-Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg/48px-Brush-written_un-uen_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="24" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">‑un/‑ün </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_v.svg/18px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_v.svg/27px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_v.svg/36px-Block-printed_un-uen_suffix_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="75" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg/21px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg/32px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg/42px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="42" data-file-height="127" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix.svg/47px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix.svg/71px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix.svg/94px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="57" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-ud_-%C3%BCd.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pen-written_-ud_-%C3%BCd.svg/42px-Pen-written_-ud_-%C3%BCd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pen-written_-ud_-%C3%BCd.svg/63px-Pen-written_-ud_-%C3%BCd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pen-written_-ud_-%C3%BCd.svg/84px-Pen-written_-ud_-%C3%BCd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="42" data-file-height="49" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Brush-written_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg/26px-Brush-written_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Brush-written_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg/39px-Brush-written_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Brush-written_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg/52px-Brush-written_ud-ued_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="52" data-file-height="49" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">‑ud/‑üd </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_v.svg/21px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_v.svg/32px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_v.svg/42px-Block-printed_ud-ued_suffix_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="42" data-file-height="92" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ba-be_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Block-printed_ba-be_2.svg/19px-Block-printed_ba-be_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Block-printed_ba-be_2.svg/29px-Block-printed_ba-be_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Block-printed_ba-be_2.svg/38px-Block-printed_ba-be_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="96" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ba-be.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Block-printed_ba-be.svg/42px-Block-printed_ba-be.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Block-printed_ba-be.svg/63px-Block-printed_ba-be.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Block-printed_ba-be.svg/84px-Block-printed_ba-be.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="84" data-file-height="51" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_ba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pen-written_ba.svg/48px-Pen-written_ba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pen-written_ba.svg/72px-Pen-written_ba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pen-written_ba.svg/96px-Pen-written_ba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="29" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_ba_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Brush-written_ba_2.svg/20px-Brush-written_ba_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Brush-written_ba_2.svg/30px-Brush-written_ba_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Brush-written_ba_2.svg/40px-Brush-written_ba_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="65" /></a> </td> <th>ba 'and' </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yodh">Yodh</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Yodh">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A hooked form of yodh was borrowed from the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu alphabet</a> in the 19th century to distinguish initial y from ǰ. The handwritten form of final-shaped yodh (i, ǰ, y), can be greatly shortened in comparison with its initial and medial forms.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Pen-written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Modern brush‑written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. forms </th> <th>semi-modern forms </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_i_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Block-printed_i_suffix_2.svg/21px-Block-printed_i_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Block-printed_i_suffix_2.svg/32px-Block-printed_i_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Block-printed_i_suffix_2.svg/42px-Block-printed_i_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="42" data-file-height="33" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_i_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Block-printed_i_suffix.svg/17px-Block-printed_i_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Block-printed_i_suffix.svg/26px-Block-printed_i_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Block-printed_i_suffix.svg/34px-Block-printed_i_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="25" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-i.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pen-written_-i.svg/14px-Pen-written_-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pen-written_-i.svg/21px-Pen-written_-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pen-written_-i.svg/28px-Pen-written_-i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_i_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Brush-written_i_suffix_2.svg/11px-Brush-written_i_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Brush-written_i_suffix_2.svg/17px-Brush-written_i_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Brush-written_i_suffix_2.svg/22px-Brush-written_i_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="27" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">‑i </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_-i_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Block-printed_-i_alt.svg/14px-Block-printed_-i_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Block-printed_-i_alt.svg/21px-Block-printed_-i_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Block-printed_-i_alt.svg/28px-Block-printed_-i_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="24" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_yi_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Block-printed_yi_suffix_2.svg/18px-Block-printed_yi_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Block-printed_yi_suffix_2.svg/27px-Block-printed_yi_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Block-printed_yi_suffix_2.svg/36px-Block-printed_yi_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="66" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_yi_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Block-printed_yi_suffix.svg/17px-Block-printed_yi_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Block-printed_yi_suffix.svg/26px-Block-printed_yi_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Block-printed_yi_suffix.svg/34px-Block-printed_yi_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="44" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-yi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pen-written_-yi.svg/18px-Pen-written_-yi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pen-written_-yi.svg/27px-Pen-written_-yi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pen-written_-yi.svg/36px-Pen-written_-yi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_yi_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Brush-written_yi_suffix_2.svg/22px-Brush-written_yi_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Brush-written_yi_suffix_2.svg/33px-Brush-written_yi_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Brush-written_yi_suffix_2.svg/44px-Brush-written_yi_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="53" /></a> </td> <th>‑yi </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_yin_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Block-printed_yin_suffix_2.svg/22px-Block-printed_yin_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Block-printed_yin_suffix_2.svg/33px-Block-printed_yin_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Block-printed_yin_suffix_2.svg/44px-Block-printed_yin_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="136" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_yin_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Block-printed_yin_suffix.svg/42px-Block-printed_yin_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Block-printed_yin_suffix.svg/63px-Block-printed_yin_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Block-printed_yin_suffix.svg/84px-Block-printed_yin_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="84" data-file-height="54" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-yin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pen-written_-yin.svg/38px-Pen-written_-yin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pen-written_-yin.svg/57px-Pen-written_-yin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pen-written_-yin.svg/76px-Pen-written_-yin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="35" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_yin_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Brush-written_yin_suffix_2.svg/27px-Brush-written_yin_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Brush-written_yin_suffix_2.svg/41px-Brush-written_yin_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Brush-written_yin_suffix_2.svg/54px-Brush-written_yin_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="44" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">‑yin </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_yin_suffix_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Block-printed_yin_suffix_v.svg/20px-Block-printed_yin_suffix_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Block-printed_yin_suffix_v.svg/30px-Block-printed_yin_suffix_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Block-printed_yin_suffix_v.svg/40px-Block-printed_yin_suffix_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="76" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_sayin_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Block-printed_sayin_2.svg/23px-Block-printed_sayin_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Block-printed_sayin_2.svg/35px-Block-printed_sayin_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Block-printed_sayin_2.svg/46px-Block-printed_sayin_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="46" data-file-height="145" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_sayin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Block-printed_sayin.svg/41px-Block-printed_sayin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Block-printed_sayin.svg/62px-Block-printed_sayin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Block-printed_sayin.svg/82px-Block-printed_sayin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="82" data-file-height="84" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_sayin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_sayin.svg/40px-Pen-written_sayin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_sayin.svg/60px-Pen-written_sayin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_sayin.svg/80px-Pen-written_sayin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="56" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_sayin_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brush-written_sayin_2.svg/26px-Brush-written_sayin_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brush-written_sayin_2.svg/39px-Brush-written_sayin_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brush-written_sayin_2.svg/52px-Brush-written_sayin_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="52" data-file-height="66" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">sain/sayin 'good' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_sayin_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Block-printed_sayin_v.svg/19px-Block-printed_sayin_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Block-printed_sayin_v.svg/29px-Block-printed_sayin_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Block-printed_sayin_v.svg/38px-Block-printed_sayin_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="101" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_yeke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Block-printed_yeke_2.svg/18px-Block-printed_yeke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Block-printed_yeke_2.svg/27px-Block-printed_yeke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Block-printed_yeke_2.svg/36px-Block-printed_yeke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="130" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_yeke.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Block-printed_yeke.svg/47px-Block-printed_yeke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Block-printed_yeke.svg/71px-Block-printed_yeke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Block-printed_yeke.svg/94px-Block-printed_yeke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="65" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_yeke.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pen-written_yeke.svg/46px-Pen-written_yeke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pen-written_yeke.svg/69px-Pen-written_yeke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pen-written_yeke.svg/92px-Pen-written_yeke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="46" data-file-height="47" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_yeke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Brush-written_yeke_2.svg/19px-Brush-written_yeke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Brush-written_yeke_2.svg/29px-Brush-written_yeke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Brush-written_yeke_2.svg/38px-Brush-written_yeke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="80" /></a> </td> <th>yeke 'great' </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diacritics">Diacritics</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Diacritics">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The definite status or function of diacritics was not established prior to classical Mongolian. As such, the dotted letters n, γ, and š, can be found sporadically dotted or altogether lacking them. Additionally, both q and γ could be (double-)dotted to identify them regardless of their sound values. Final dotted n is also found in modern Mongolian words. Any diacritical dots of γ and n can be offset downward from their respective letters (as in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠭᠣᠣᠯ <a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_%CE%B3ool_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Brush-written_%CE%B3ool_2.svg/25px-Brush-written_%CE%B3ool_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Brush-written_%CE%B3ool_2.svg/38px-Brush-written_%CE%B3ool_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Brush-written_%CE%B3ool_2.svg/50px-Brush-written_%CE%B3ool_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="65" /></a> γool and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_g%C3%BCn-i_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Brush-written_g%C3%BCn-i_2.svg/27px-Brush-written_g%C3%BCn-i_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Brush-written_g%C3%BCn-i_2.svg/41px-Brush-written_g%C3%BCn-i_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Brush-written_g%C3%BCn-i_2.svg/54px-Brush-written_g%C3%BCn-i_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="97" /></a> gün‑i).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bow">Bow</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bow">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>When a bow-shaped consonant is followed by a vowel in Uyghur style text, said bow can be found to notably overlap it (see bi). A final b has, in its final pre-modern form, a bow-less final form as opposed to the common modern one:<a href="#cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">[1]</a>: 39 </li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Pen-written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Modern brush‑written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. forms </th> <th>semi-modern forms </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_u-ue_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Block-printed_u-ue_suffix_2.svg/17px-Block-printed_u-ue_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Block-printed_u-ue_suffix_2.svg/26px-Block-printed_u-ue_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Block-printed_u-ue_suffix_2.svg/34px-Block-printed_u-ue_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="33" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_u-ue_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Block-printed_u-ue_suffix.svg/16px-Block-printed_u-ue_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Block-printed_u-ue_suffix.svg/24px-Block-printed_u-ue_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Block-printed_u-ue_suffix.svg/32px-Block-printed_u-ue_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-u_-%C3%BC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pen-written_-u_-%C3%BC.svg/18px-Pen-written_-u_-%C3%BC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pen-written_-u_-%C3%BC.svg/27px-Pen-written_-u_-%C3%BC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pen-written_-u_-%C3%BC.svg/36px-Pen-written_-u_-%C3%BC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="23" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_u-ue_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brush-written_u-ue_suffix_2.svg/11px-Brush-written_u-ue_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brush-written_u-ue_suffix_2.svg/17px-Brush-written_u-ue_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brush-written_u-ue_suffix_2.svg/22px-Brush-written_u-ue_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <th>‑u/‑ü </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_bi_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Block-printed_bi_2.svg/22px-Block-printed_bi_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Block-printed_bi_2.svg/33px-Block-printed_bi_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Block-printed_bi_2.svg/44px-Block-printed_bi_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="63" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_bi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Block-printed_bi.svg/20px-Block-printed_bi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Block-printed_bi.svg/30px-Block-printed_bi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Block-printed_bi.svg/40px-Block-printed_bi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="47" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_bi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pen-written_bi.svg/20px-Pen-written_bi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pen-written_bi.svg/30px-Pen-written_bi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pen-written_bi.svg/40px-Pen-written_bi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_bi_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Brush-written_bi_2.svg/12px-Brush-written_bi_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Brush-written_bi_2.svg/18px-Brush-written_bi_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Brush-written_bi_2.svg/24px-Brush-written_bi_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="35" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">bi 'I' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_bi_2_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Block-printed_bi_2_alt.svg/24px-Block-printed_bi_2_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Block-printed_bi_2_alt.svg/36px-Block-printed_bi_2_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Block-printed_bi_2_alt.svg/48px-Block-printed_bi_2_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="51" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ab_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Block-printed_ab_2.svg/97px-Block-printed_ab_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Block-printed_ab_2.svg/146px-Block-printed_ab_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Block-printed_ab_2.svg/194px-Block-printed_ab_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="90" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ab.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Block-printed_ab.svg/55px-Block-printed_ab.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Block-printed_ab.svg/83px-Block-printed_ab.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Block-printed_ab.svg/110px-Block-printed_ab.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="94" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_ab.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Pen-written_ab.svg/50px-Pen-written_ab.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Pen-written_ab.svg/75px-Pen-written_ab.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Pen-written_ab.svg/100px-Pen-written_ab.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="34" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_ab_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Brush-written_ab_2.svg/34px-Brush-written_ab_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Brush-written_ab_2.svg/51px-Brush-written_ab_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Brush-written_ab_2.svg/68px-Brush-written_ab_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="119" /></a> </td> <th>ab (intensifying particle) </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gimel-heth_and_kaph">Gimel-heth and kaph</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Gimel-heth and kaph">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>As in kü, köke, ǰüg and separated a/e, two teeth can also make up the top-left part of a kaph (k/g) or aleph (a/e) in pre-classical texts. In back-vocalic words of Uyghur Mongolian, qi was used in place of ki, and can therefore be used to identify this stage of the written language. An example of this appears in the suffix <a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_-taqi_-daqi_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Block-printed_-taqi_-daqi_2.svg/17px-Block-printed_-taqi_-daqi_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Block-printed_-taqi_-daqi_2.svg/26px-Block-printed_-taqi_-daqi_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Block-printed_-taqi_-daqi_2.svg/34px-Block-printed_-taqi_-daqi_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="88" /></a> ‑taqi/‑daqi.<a href="#cite_note-Svantesson2005-36">[27]</a>: 100, 117 </li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Pen-written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Modern brush‑written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. forms </th> <th>semi-modern forms </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/24px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/36px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/48px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="83" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel.svg/46px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel.svg/69px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel.svg/92px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="92" data-file-height="51" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-a_-e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pen-written_-a_-e.svg/50px-Pen-written_-a_-e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pen-written_-a_-e.svg/75px-Pen-written_-a_-e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pen-written_-a_-e.svg/100px-Pen-written_-a_-e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="12" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/34px-Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/51px-Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg/68px-Brush-written_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="36" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="4">‑a/‑e </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt.svg/45px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt.svg/68px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt.svg/90px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="43" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_2.svg/54px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_2.svg/81px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_2.svg/108px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="28" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_3.svg/21px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_3.svg/32px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_3.svg/42px-Block-printed_a-e_suffix_or_seprated_vowel_alt_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="42" data-file-height="92" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg/17px-Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg/26px-Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg/34px-Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="162" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix.svg/44px-Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix.svg/66px-Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix.svg/88px-Block-printed_lugh-a_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="103" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-lu%CE%B3-a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pen-written_-lu%CE%B3-a.svg/44px-Pen-written_-lu%CE%B3-a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pen-written_-lu%CE%B3-a.svg/66px-Pen-written_-lu%CE%B3-a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pen-written_-lu%CE%B3-a.svg/88px-Pen-written_-lu%CE%B3-a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="48" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Brush-written_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg/37px-Brush-written_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Brush-written_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg/56px-Brush-written_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Brush-written_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg/74px-Brush-written_lugh-a_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="74" data-file-height="118" /></a> </td> <th>‑luγ‑a </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_emphatic_particle_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Block-printed_emphatic_particle_2.svg/20px-Block-printed_emphatic_particle_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Block-printed_emphatic_particle_2.svg/30px-Block-printed_emphatic_particle_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Block-printed_emphatic_particle_2.svg/40px-Block-printed_emphatic_particle_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="39" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_emphatic_particle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Block-printed_emphatic_particle.svg/18px-Block-printed_emphatic_particle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Block-printed_emphatic_particle.svg/27px-Block-printed_emphatic_particle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Block-printed_emphatic_particle.svg/36px-Block-printed_emphatic_particle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="28" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_k%C3%BC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pen-written_k%C3%BC.svg/22px-Pen-written_k%C3%BC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pen-written_k%C3%BC.svg/33px-Pen-written_k%C3%BC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pen-written_k%C3%BC.svg/44px-Pen-written_k%C3%BC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="15" /></a> </td> <td>[...] </td> <th>kü (emphatic particle) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_k%C3%B6ke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Block-printed_k%C3%B6ke_2.svg/20px-Block-printed_k%C3%B6ke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Block-printed_k%C3%B6ke_2.svg/30px-Block-printed_k%C3%B6ke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Block-printed_k%C3%B6ke_2.svg/40px-Block-printed_k%C3%B6ke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="148" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_koeke.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Block-printed_koeke.svg/44px-Block-printed_koeke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Block-printed_koeke.svg/66px-Block-printed_koeke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Block-printed_koeke.svg/88px-Block-printed_koeke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="82" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_k%C3%B6ke.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pen-written_k%C3%B6ke.svg/48px-Pen-written_k%C3%B6ke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pen-written_k%C3%B6ke.svg/72px-Pen-written_k%C3%B6ke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pen-written_k%C3%B6ke.svg/96px-Pen-written_k%C3%B6ke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="39" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_koeke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brush-written_koeke_2.svg/30px-Brush-written_koeke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brush-written_koeke_2.svg/45px-Brush-written_koeke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brush-written_koeke_2.svg/60px-Brush-written_koeke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="83" /></a> </td> <th>köke 'blue' </th></tr> <tr> <th>köge 'soot' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_jueg_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Block-printed_jueg_2.svg/20px-Block-printed_jueg_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Block-printed_jueg_2.svg/30px-Block-printed_jueg_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Block-printed_jueg_2.svg/40px-Block-printed_jueg_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="145" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_jueg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Block-printed_jueg.svg/51px-Block-printed_jueg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Block-printed_jueg.svg/77px-Block-printed_jueg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Block-printed_jueg.svg/102px-Block-printed_jueg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="81" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_%C7%B0%C3%BCg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_%C7%B0%C3%BCg.svg/54px-Pen-written_%C7%B0%C3%BCg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_%C7%B0%C3%BCg.svg/81px-Pen-written_%C7%B0%C3%BCg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pen-written_%C7%B0%C3%BCg.svg/108px-Pen-written_%C7%B0%C3%BCg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="43" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_jueg_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brush-written_jueg_2.svg/30px-Brush-written_jueg_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brush-written_jueg_2.svg/45px-Brush-written_jueg_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brush-written_jueg_2.svg/60px-Brush-written_jueg_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="98" /></a> </td> <th>ǰüg 'direction' </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ligatures">Ligatures</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ligatures">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In pre-modern Mongolian, medial ml (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠮᠯ‍) forms a ligature: <a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_script_ml_ligature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mongolian_script_ml_ligature.svg/31px-Mongolian_script_ml_ligature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mongolian_script_ml_ligature.svg/47px-Mongolian_script_ml_ligature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mongolian_script_ml_ligature.svg/62px-Mongolian_script_ml_ligature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="61" data-file-height="61" /></a>.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_%C4%8Di%CE%B3%C5%A1abd_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Block-printed_%C4%8Di%CE%B3%C5%A1abd_2.svg/84px-Block-printed_%C4%8Di%CE%B3%C5%A1abd_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="84" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Block-printed_%C4%8Di%CE%B3%C5%A1abd_2.svg/126px-Block-printed_%C4%8Di%CE%B3%C5%A1abd_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Block-printed_%C4%8Di%CE%B3%C5%A1abd_2.svg/168px-Block-printed_%C4%8Di%CE%B3%C5%A1abd_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="84" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>The word čiγšabd in a Uyghur Mongolian style: exemplifying a dotted syllable-final γ, and a final bd ligature.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Short_tail">Short tail</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Short tail">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A pre-modern variant form for final s appears in the shape of a short final n ⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠰ᠋⟩, derived from Old Uyghur <a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">zayin</a> (𐽴). It tended to be replaced by the mouth-shaped form and is no longer used. An early example of it is found in the name of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Gengis Khan</a> on the Stele of Yisüngge: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ᠋ Činggis. A zayin-shaped final can also appear as part of final m and γ.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Pen-written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. forms </th> <th>semi-modern forms </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ez-e_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Block-printed_ez-e_2.svg/16px-Block-printed_ez-e_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Block-printed_ez-e_2.svg/24px-Block-printed_ez-e_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Block-printed_ez-e_2.svg/32px-Block-printed_ez-e_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="139" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_ese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Block-printed_ese.svg/42px-Block-printed_ese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Block-printed_ese.svg/63px-Block-printed_ese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Block-printed_ese.svg/84px-Block-printed_ese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="84" data-file-height="59" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_ese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pen-written_ese.svg/38px-Pen-written_ese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pen-written_ese.svg/57px-Pen-written_ese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pen-written_ese.svg/76px-Pen-written_ese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="46" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">es(‑)e 'not, no', (negation) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_es-e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Block-printed_es-e.svg/42px-Block-printed_es-e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Block-printed_es-e.svg/63px-Block-printed_es-e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Block-printed_es-e.svg/84px-Block-printed_es-e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="84" data-file-height="93" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_uluz_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Block-printed_uluz_2.svg/24px-Block-printed_uluz_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Block-printed_uluz_2.svg/36px-Block-printed_uluz_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Block-printed_uluz_2.svg/48px-Block-printed_uluz_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="52" data-file-height="96" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_uluz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Block-printed_uluz.svg/19px-Block-printed_uluz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Block-printed_uluz.svg/29px-Block-printed_uluz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Block-printed_uluz.svg/38px-Block-printed_uluz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="73" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_ulus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pen-written_ulus.svg/32px-Pen-written_ulus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pen-written_ulus.svg/48px-Pen-written_ulus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pen-written_ulus.svg/64px-Pen-written_ulus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="53" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">ulus 'nation' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_uluz_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Block-printed_uluz_alt.svg/26px-Block-printed_uluz_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Block-printed_uluz_alt.svg/39px-Block-printed_uluz_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Block-printed_uluz_alt.svg/52px-Block-printed_uluz_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="52" data-file-height="72" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_nom_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Block-printed_nom_2.svg/51px-Block-printed_nom_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Block-printed_nom_2.svg/77px-Block-printed_nom_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Block-printed_nom_2.svg/102px-Block-printed_nom_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="72" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_nom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Block-printed_nom.svg/18px-Block-printed_nom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Block-printed_nom.svg/27px-Block-printed_nom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Block-printed_nom.svg/36px-Block-printed_nom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="61" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_nom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pen-written_nom.svg/22px-Pen-written_nom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pen-written_nom.svg/33px-Pen-written_nom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pen-written_nom.svg/44px-Pen-written_nom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="37" /></a> </td> <th>nom 'book' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2.svg/18px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2.svg/27px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2.svg/36px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="70" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg/18px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg/27px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg/36px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="70" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pen-written_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg/22px-Pen-written_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pen-written_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg/33px-Pen-written_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pen-written_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg/44px-Pen-written_%C4%8Da%CE%B3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="34" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">čaγ 'time' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2_alt.svg/43px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2_alt.svg/65px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2_alt.svg/86px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_2_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="83" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_alt.svg/17px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_alt.svg/26px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_alt.svg/34px-Block-printed_%C4%8Da%CE%B3_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="63" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taw_and_lamedh">Taw and lamedh</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Taw and lamedh">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Initial taw (t/d) can, akin to final mem (m), be found written quite explicitly loopy (as in nom 'book' and toli 'mirror'). The lamedh (t or d) may appear simply as an oval loop or looped shin, or as more angular, with an either closed or open <a href="/wiki/Counter_(typography)" title="Counter (typography)">counter</a> (as in ‑daki/‑deki or ‑dur/‑dür). As in metü, a Uyghur style word-medial t can sometimes be written with the pre-consonantal form otherwise used for d. Taw was applied to both initial t and d from the outset of the script's adoption. This was done in imitation of Old Uyghur which, however, had lacked the phoneme d in this position.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Pen-written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Modern brush‑written forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. forms </th> <th>semi-modern forms </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_toli_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Block-printed_toli_2.svg/19px-Block-printed_toli_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Block-printed_toli_2.svg/29px-Block-printed_toli_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Block-printed_toli_2.svg/38px-Block-printed_toli_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="87" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_toli.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Block-printed_toli.svg/19px-Block-printed_toli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Block-printed_toli.svg/29px-Block-printed_toli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Block-printed_toli.svg/38px-Block-printed_toli.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="79" /></a> </td> <td>[...] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_toli_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brush-written_toli_2.svg/18px-Brush-written_toli_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brush-written_toli_2.svg/27px-Brush-written_toli_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brush-written_toli_2.svg/36px-Brush-written_toli_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="74" /></a> </td> <th>toli 'mirror' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix_2.svg/44px-Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix_2.svg/66px-Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix_2.svg/88px-Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="100" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix.svg/39px-Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix.svg/59px-Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix.svg/78px-Block-printed_daki-deki_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="78" data-file-height="72" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-taki_-teki_-daki_-deki.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pen-written_-taki_-teki_-daki_-deki.svg/20px-Pen-written_-taki_-teki_-daki_-deki.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pen-written_-taki_-teki_-daki_-deki.svg/30px-Pen-written_-taki_-teki_-daki_-deki.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pen-written_-taki_-teki_-daki_-deki.svg/40px-Pen-written_-taki_-teki_-daki_-deki.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="47" /></a> </td> <td>[...] </td> <th>‑daki/‑deki </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_tur-tuer-dur-duer_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Block-printed_tur-tuer-dur-duer_suffix_2.svg/22px-Block-printed_tur-tuer-dur-duer_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Block-printed_tur-tuer-dur-duer_suffix_2.svg/33px-Block-printed_tur-tuer-dur-duer_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Block-printed_tur-tuer-dur-duer_suffix_2.svg/44px-Block-printed_tur-tuer-dur-duer_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="79" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_tur-tuer_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Block-printed_tur-tuer_suffix.svg/16px-Block-printed_tur-tuer_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Block-printed_tur-tuer_suffix.svg/24px-Block-printed_tur-tuer_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Block-printed_tur-tuer_suffix.svg/32px-Block-printed_tur-tuer_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="71" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-tur_-t%C3%BCr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pen-written_-tur_-t%C3%BCr.svg/20px-Pen-written_-tur_-t%C3%BCr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pen-written_-tur_-t%C3%BCr.svg/30px-Pen-written_-tur_-t%C3%BCr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pen-written_-tur_-t%C3%BCr.svg/40px-Pen-written_-tur_-t%C3%BCr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="49" /></a> </td> <td>[...] </td> <th>‑tur/‑tür </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_dur-duer_suffix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Block-printed_dur-duer_suffix.svg/50px-Block-printed_dur-duer_suffix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Block-printed_dur-duer_suffix.svg/75px-Block-printed_dur-duer_suffix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Block-printed_dur-duer_suffix.svg/100px-Block-printed_dur-duer_suffix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="71" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_-dur_-d%C3%BCr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pen-written_-dur_-d%C3%BCr.svg/32px-Pen-written_-dur_-d%C3%BCr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pen-written_-dur_-d%C3%BCr.svg/48px-Pen-written_-dur_-d%C3%BCr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pen-written_-dur_-d%C3%BCr.svg/64px-Pen-written_-dur_-d%C3%BCr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="44" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_dur-duer_suffix_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Brush-written_dur-duer_suffix_2.svg/21px-Brush-written_dur-duer_suffix_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Brush-written_dur-duer_suffix_2.svg/32px-Brush-written_dur-duer_suffix_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Brush-written_dur-duer_suffix_2.svg/42px-Brush-written_dur-duer_suffix_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="42" data-file-height="62" /></a> </td> <th>‑dur/‑dür </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_met%C3%BC_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Block-printed_met%C3%BC_2.svg/22px-Block-printed_met%C3%BC_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Block-printed_met%C3%BC_2.svg/33px-Block-printed_met%C3%BC_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Block-printed_met%C3%BC_2.svg/44px-Block-printed_met%C3%BC_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="102" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_met%C3%BC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Block-printed_met%C3%BC.svg/35px-Block-printed_met%C3%BC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Block-printed_met%C3%BC.svg/53px-Block-printed_met%C3%BC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Block-printed_met%C3%BC.svg/70px-Block-printed_met%C3%BC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="78" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_met%C3%BC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pen-written_met%C3%BC.svg/30px-Pen-written_met%C3%BC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pen-written_met%C3%BC.svg/45px-Pen-written_met%C3%BC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pen-written_met%C3%BC.svg/60px-Pen-written_met%C3%BC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="42" /></a> </td> <td>[...] </td> <th>metü 'as' </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tsade">Tsade</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Tsade">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Following the late classical Mongolian orthography of the 17th and 18th centuries, a smooth and angular tsade (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠵ‍ and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠴ) has come to represent ǰ and č respectively. The tsade before this was used for both these phonemes, regardless of graphical variants, as no ǰ had existed in Old Uyghur:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. form </th> <th>semi-modern form </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg_2.svg/18px-Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg_2.svg/27px-Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg_2.svg/36px-Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="153" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg.svg/43px-Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg.svg/65px-Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg.svg/86px-Block-printed_%C4%8De%C4%8Deg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="99" /></a> </td> <th>čečeg 'flower' </th></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Block-printed semi-modern form </th> <th>Pen-written form </th> <th>Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar-qa%C4%8Dar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Block-printed_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar-qa%C4%8Dar.svg/18px-Block-printed_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar-qa%C4%8Dar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Block-printed_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar-qa%C4%8Dar.svg/27px-Block-printed_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar-qa%C4%8Dar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Block-printed_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar-qa%C4%8Dar.svg/36px-Block-printed_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar-qa%C4%8Dar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="80" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_qa%C4%8Dar_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pen-written_qa%C4%8Dar_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar.svg/22px-Pen-written_qa%C4%8Dar_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pen-written_qa%C4%8Dar_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar.svg/33px-Pen-written_qa%C4%8Dar_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pen-written_qa%C4%8Dar_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar.svg/44px-Pen-written_qa%C4%8Dar_%CE%B3a%C7%B0ar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="50" /></a> </td> <th>qačar/γaǰar 'cheek/place' </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Resh">Resh</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Resh">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>As in sara and ‑dur/‑dür, a resh (of r, and sometimes of l) can appear as two teeth or crossed shins; adjacent, angled, attached to a shin and/or overlapping.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Block‑printed </th> <th rowspan="2">Pen-written form </th> <th rowspan="2">Modern brush‑written form </th> <th rowspan="2">Transliteration(s) & 'translation' </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Mong. form </th> <th>semi-modern forms </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_sara_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Block-printed_sara_2.svg/20px-Block-printed_sara_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Block-printed_sara_2.svg/30px-Block-printed_sara_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Block-printed_sara_2.svg/40px-Block-printed_sara_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="154" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_sara.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Block-printed_sara.svg/36px-Block-printed_sara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Block-printed_sara.svg/54px-Block-printed_sara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Block-printed_sara.svg/72px-Block-printed_sara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="61" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-written_sara.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pen-written_sara.svg/36px-Pen-written_sara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pen-written_sara.svg/54px-Pen-written_sara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pen-written_sara.svg/72px-Pen-written_sara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="51" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brush-written_sara_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brush-written_sara_2.svg/21px-Brush-written_sara_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brush-written_sara_2.svg/32px-Brush-written_sara_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brush-written_sara_2.svg/42px-Brush-written_sara_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="42" data-file-height="52" /></a> </td> <th rowspan="2">sar(‑)a 'moon/month' </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_sar-a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Block-printed_sar-a.svg/45px-Block-printed_sar-a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Block-printed_sar-a.svg/68px-Block-printed_sar-a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Block-printed_sar-a.svg/90px-Block-printed_sar-a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="80" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example">Example</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Wikipedia slogan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Manuscript </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Unicode </th> <th>Transliteration (first word) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/File:Mclassical_mimic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Mclassical_mimic.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="499" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="499" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="5" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiclassicalmongol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wikiclassicalmongol.svg/76px-Wikiclassicalmongol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="76" height="479" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wikiclassicalmongol.svg/114px-Wikiclassicalmongol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wikiclassicalmongol.svg/152px-Wikiclassicalmongol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="2930" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="5" valign="top"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠸᠢᠺᠢᠫᠧᠳᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠸᠢ‍ wi/vi </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠺᠢ‍ gi/ki </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠫᠧ‍ pē/pé </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠳᠢ‍ di </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠶ᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> y‑a or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">‍ᠶᠠ ya </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"> <ul><li>Transliteration: Wikipēdiya čilügetü nebterkei toli bičig bolai.</li> <li>Cyrillic: Википедиа чөлөөт нэвтэрхий толь бичиг болой.</li> <li>Transcription: Vikipedia chölööt nevterkhii toli bichig boloi.</li> <li>Translation: Wikipedia is the free encyclopedia.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolia_Biometric_Ordinary_Passport_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decorative 'wrapped/folded' letters on a 2023 passport.[33]: 159 [6]: 160 "><img alt="Decorative 'wrapped/folded' letters on a 2023 passport.: 159 : 160" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mongolia_Biometric_Ordinary_Passport_2023.jpg/81px-Mongolia_Biometric_Ordinary_Passport_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mongolia_Biometric_Ordinary_Passport_2023.jpg/122px-Mongolia_Biometric_Ordinary_Passport_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mongolia_Biometric_Ordinary_Passport_2023.jpg/162px-Mongolia_Biometric_Ordinary_Passport_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="3100" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decorative 'wrapped/folded' letters on a 2023 passport.<a href="#cite_note-Kara2005-44">[33]</a>: 159 <a href="#cite_note-Shepherd2013-8">[6]</a>: 160 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_Calligraphy_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mongolian calligraphy of the 13th century work Оюун Түлхүүр (Key of Intelligence)"><img alt="Mongolian calligraphy of the 13th century work Оюун Түлхүүр (Key of Intelligence)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mongolian_Calligraphy_%282%29.jpg/120px-Mongolian_Calligraphy_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mongolian_Calligraphy_%282%29.jpg/180px-Mongolian_Calligraphy_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mongolian_Calligraphy_%282%29.jpg/240px-Mongolian_Calligraphy_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2540" data-file-height="2529" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calligraphy" title="Mongolian calligraphy">Mongolian calligraphy</a> of the 13th century work Оюун Түлхүүр (Key of Intelligence)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Bogd_Khan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial seal of the Bogd Khan, ca 1911."><img alt="Imperial seal of the Bogd Khan, ca 1911." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Imperial_Seal_of_Bogd_Khan.jpg/120px-Imperial_Seal_of_Bogd_Khan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Imperial_Seal_of_Bogd_Khan.jpg/180px-Imperial_Seal_of_Bogd_Khan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Imperial_Seal_of_Bogd_Khan.jpg/240px-Imperial_Seal_of_Bogd_Khan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="297" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imperial seal of the <a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khan" title="Bogd Khan">Bogd Khan</a>, ca 1911.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Inner_Mongolia_Museum_horse-riding_paizi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mixed Manchu–Mongolian text on a Paiza."><img alt="Mixed Manchu–Mongolian text on a Paiza." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Inner_Mongolia_Museum_horse-riding_paizi.jpg/76px-Inner_Mongolia_Museum_horse-riding_paizi.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Inner_Mongolia_Museum_horse-riding_paizi.jpg/115px-Inner_Mongolia_Museum_horse-riding_paizi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Inner_Mongolia_Museum_horse-riding_paizi.jpg/153px-Inner_Mongolia_Museum_horse-riding_paizi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3297" data-file-height="5162" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mixed Manchu–Mongolian text on a <a href="/wiki/Paiza" title="Paiza">Paiza</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%8Coyijod_Dagini_manuscript_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brush-written Čoyijod Dagini manuscript, 19th century"><img alt="Brush-written Čoyijod Dagini manuscript, 19th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/%C4%8Coyijod_Dagini_manuscript_01.jpg/120px-%C4%8Coyijod_Dagini_manuscript_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/%C4%8Coyijod_Dagini_manuscript_01.jpg/180px-%C4%8Coyijod_Dagini_manuscript_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/%C4%8Coyijod_Dagini_manuscript_01.jpg/240px-%C4%8Coyijod_Dagini_manuscript_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2352" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brush-written Čoyijod Dagini manuscript, 19th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_Jeremiah_in_Mongolian_Script,_1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Book of Jeremiah, printed 1840 at Khodon in Siberia."><img alt="Book of Jeremiah, printed 1840 at Khodon in Siberia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Book_of_Jeremiah_in_Mongolian_Script%2C_1840.jpg/120px-Book_of_Jeremiah_in_Mongolian_Script%2C_1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Book_of_Jeremiah_in_Mongolian_Script%2C_1840.jpg/180px-Book_of_Jeremiah_in_Mongolian_Script%2C_1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Book_of_Jeremiah_in_Mongolian_Script%2C_1840.jpg/240px-Book_of_Jeremiah_in_Mongolian_Script%2C_1840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Book of Jeremiah</a>, printed 1840 at Khodon in Siberia.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Unicode">edit</a>]</div> The Mongolian script was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard in September 1999 with the release of version 3.0. However, several design issues have been pointed out.<a href="#cite_note-111">[54]</a> <ul><li>The 1999 Mongolian script Unicode codes are duplicated and not searchable.</li> <li>The 1999 Mongolian script Unicode model has multiple layers of FVS (free variation selectors), MVS, ZWJ, NNBSP, and those variation selections conflict with each other, which create incorrect results.<a href="#cite_note-112">[55]</a> Furthermore, different vendors understood the definition of each FVS differently, and developed multiple applications in different standards.<a href="#cite_note-113">[56]</a></li> <li>The characters themselves are typed left to right, instead of the correct up to down.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blocks">Blocks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Blocks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_(Unicode_block)" title="Mongolian (Unicode block)">Mongolian (Unicode block)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Supplement" title="Mongolian Supplement">Mongolian Supplement (Unicode block)</a></div> The Unicode block for Mongolian is U+1800–U+18AF. It includes letters, digits and various punctuation marks for <a href="/wiki/Hudum_Mongolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudum Mongolian">Hudum Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear script">Todo Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xibe_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Xibe script">Xibe (Manchu)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu proper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Ali Gali</a>, as well as extensions for transcribing <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>. <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_(Unicode_block)" title="Mongolian (Unicode block)">Mongolian</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_U1800_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U1800_grey">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1800.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+180x </td> <td title="U+1800: MONGOLIAN BIRGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠀ </td> <td title="U+1801: MONGOLIAN ELLIPSIS"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠁ </td> <td title="U+1802: MONGOLIAN COMMA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠂ </td> <td title="U+1803: MONGOLIAN FULL STOP"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠃ </td> <td title="U+1804: MONGOLIAN COLON"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠄ </td> <td title="U+1805: MONGOLIAN FOUR DOTS"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠅ </td> <td title="U+1806: MONGOLIAN TODO SOFT HYPHEN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠆ </td> <td title="U+1807: MONGOLIAN SIBE SYLLABLE BOUNDARY MARKER"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠇ </td> <td title="U+1808: MONGOLIAN MANCHU COMMA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠈ </td> <td title="U+1809: MONGOLIAN MANCHU FULL STOP"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠉ </td> <td title="U+180A: MONGOLIAN NIRUGU"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠊ </td> <td title="U+180B: MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR ONE (alias FVS1)" style="font-size:75%;line-height:1">FVS 1 </td> <td title="U+180C: MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR TWO (alias FVS2)" style="font-size:75%;line-height:1">FVS 2 </td> <td title="U+180D: MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR THREE (alias FVS3)" style="font-size:75%;line-height:1">FVS 3 </td> <td title="U+180E: MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR (alias MVS)" style="font-size:75%">MVS </td> <td title="U+180F: MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR FOUR (alias FVS4)" style="font-size:75%;line-height:1">FVS 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+181x </td> <td title="U+1810: MONGOLIAN DIGIT ZERO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠐ </td> <td title="U+1811: MONGOLIAN DIGIT ONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠑ </td> <td title="U+1812: MONGOLIAN DIGIT TWO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠒ </td> <td title="U+1813: MONGOLIAN DIGIT THREE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠓ </td> <td title="U+1814: MONGOLIAN DIGIT FOUR"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠔ </td> <td title="U+1815: MONGOLIAN DIGIT FIVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠕ </td> <td title="U+1816: MONGOLIAN DIGIT SIX"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠖ </td> <td title="U+1817: MONGOLIAN DIGIT SEVEN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠗ </td> <td title="U+1818: MONGOLIAN DIGIT EIGHT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠘ </td> <td title="U+1819: MONGOLIAN DIGIT NINE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠙ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+182x </td> <td title="U+1820: MONGOLIAN LETTER A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠠ </td> <td title="U+1821: MONGOLIAN LETTER E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠡ </td> <td title="U+1822: MONGOLIAN LETTER I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠢ </td> <td title="U+1823: MONGOLIAN LETTER O"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠣ </td> <td title="U+1824: MONGOLIAN LETTER U"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠤ </td> <td title="U+1825: MONGOLIAN LETTER OE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠥ </td> <td title="U+1826: MONGOLIAN LETTER UE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠦ </td> <td title="U+1827: MONGOLIAN LETTER EE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠧ </td> <td title="U+1828: MONGOLIAN LETTER NA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠨ </td> <td title="U+1829: MONGOLIAN LETTER ANG"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠩ </td> <td title="U+182A: MONGOLIAN LETTER BA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠪ </td> <td title="U+182B: MONGOLIAN LETTER PA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠫ </td> <td title="U+182C: MONGOLIAN LETTER QA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠬ </td> <td title="U+182D: MONGOLIAN LETTER GA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠭ </td> <td title="U+182E: MONGOLIAN LETTER MA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠮ </td> <td title="U+182F: MONGOLIAN LETTER LA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+183x </td> <td title="U+1830: MONGOLIAN LETTER SA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠰ </td> <td title="U+1831: MONGOLIAN LETTER SHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠱ </td> <td title="U+1832: MONGOLIAN LETTER TA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠲ </td> <td title="U+1833: MONGOLIAN LETTER DA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠳ </td> <td title="U+1834: MONGOLIAN LETTER CHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠴ </td> <td title="U+1835: MONGOLIAN LETTER JA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠵ </td> <td title="U+1836: MONGOLIAN LETTER YA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠶ </td> <td title="U+1837: MONGOLIAN LETTER RA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠷ </td> <td title="U+1838: MONGOLIAN LETTER WA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠸ </td> <td title="U+1839: MONGOLIAN LETTER FA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠹ </td> <td title="U+183A: MONGOLIAN LETTER KA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠺ </td> <td title="U+183B: MONGOLIAN LETTER KHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠻ </td> <td title="U+183C: MONGOLIAN LETTER TSA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠼ </td> <td title="U+183D: MONGOLIAN LETTER ZA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠽ </td> <td title="U+183E: MONGOLIAN LETTER HAA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠾ </td> <td title="U+183F: MONGOLIAN LETTER ZRA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᠿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+184x </td> <td title="U+1840: MONGOLIAN LETTER LHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡀ </td> <td title="U+1841: MONGOLIAN LETTER ZHI"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡁ </td> <td title="U+1842: MONGOLIAN LETTER CHI"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡂ </td> <td title="U+1843: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO LONG VOWEL SIGN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡃ </td> <td title="U+1844: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡄ </td> <td title="U+1845: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡅ </td> <td title="U+1846: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO O"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡆ </td> <td title="U+1847: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO U"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡇ </td> <td title="U+1848: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO OE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡈ </td> <td title="U+1849: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO UE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡉ </td> <td title="U+184A: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ANG"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡊ </td> <td title="U+184B: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO BA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡋ </td> <td title="U+184C: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO PA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡌ </td> <td title="U+184D: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO QA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡍ </td> <td title="U+184E: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO GA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡎ </td> <td title="U+184F: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO MA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+185x </td> <td title="U+1850: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO TA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡐ </td> <td title="U+1851: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO DA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡑ </td> <td title="U+1852: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO CHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡒ </td> <td title="U+1853: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO JA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡓ </td> <td title="U+1854: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO TSA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡔ </td> <td title="U+1855: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO YA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡕ </td> <td title="U+1856: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO WA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡖ </td> <td title="U+1857: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO KA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡗ </td> <td title="U+1858: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO GAA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡘ </td> <td title="U+1859: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO HAA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡙ </td> <td title="U+185A: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO JIA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡚ </td> <td title="U+185B: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO NIA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡛ </td> <td title="U+185C: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO DZA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡜ </td> <td title="U+185D: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡝ </td> <td title="U+185E: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡞ </td> <td title="U+185F: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE IY"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+186x </td> <td title="U+1860: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE UE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡠ </td> <td title="U+1861: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE U"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡡ </td> <td title="U+1862: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ANG"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡢ </td> <td title="U+1863: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE KA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡣ </td> <td title="U+1864: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE GA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡤ </td> <td title="U+1865: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE HA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡥ </td> <td title="U+1866: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE PA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡦ </td> <td title="U+1867: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE SHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡧ </td> <td title="U+1868: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE TA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡨ </td> <td title="U+1869: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE DA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡩ </td> <td title="U+186A: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE JA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡪ </td> <td title="U+186B: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE FA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡫ </td> <td title="U+186C: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE GAA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡬ </td> <td title="U+186D: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE HAA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡭ </td> <td title="U+186E: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE TSA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡮ </td> <td title="U+186F: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ZA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+187x </td> <td title="U+1870: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE RAA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡰ </td> <td title="U+1871: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE CHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡱ </td> <td title="U+1872: MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ZHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡲ </td> <td title="U+1873: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡳ </td> <td title="U+1874: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU KA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡴ </td> <td title="U+1875: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU RA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡵ </td> <td title="U+1876: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU FA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡶ </td> <td title="U+1877: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ZHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡷ </td> <td title="U+1878: MONGOLIAN LETTER CHA WITH TWO DOTS"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᡸ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+188x </td> <td title="U+1880: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ANUSVARA ONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢀ </td> <td title="U+1881: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI VISARGA ONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢁ </td> <td title="U+1882: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DAMARU"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢂ </td> <td title="U+1883: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI UBADAMA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢃ </td> <td title="U+1884: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI INVERTED UBADAMA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢄ </td> <td title="U+1885: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI BALUDA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢅ </td> <td title="U+1886: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI THREE BALUDA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢆ </td> <td title="U+1887: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢇ </td> <td title="U+1888: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢈ </td> <td title="U+1889: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI KA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢉ </td> <td title="U+188A: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI NGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢊ </td> <td title="U+188B: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI CA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢋ </td> <td title="U+188C: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TTA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢌ </td> <td title="U+188D: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TTHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢍ </td> <td title="U+188E: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DDA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢎ </td> <td title="U+188F: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI NNA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+189x </td> <td title="U+1890: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢐ </td> <td title="U+1891: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢑ </td> <td title="U+1892: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI PA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢒ </td> <td title="U+1893: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI PHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢓ </td> <td title="U+1894: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI SSA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢔ </td> <td title="U+1895: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ZHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢕ </td> <td title="U+1896: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ZA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢖ </td> <td title="U+1897: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI AH"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢗ </td> <td title="U+1898: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ALI GALI TA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢘ </td> <td title="U+1899: MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ALI GALI ZHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢙ </td> <td title="U+189A: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI GHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢚ </td> <td title="U+189B: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI NGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢛ </td> <td title="U+189C: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI CA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢜ </td> <td title="U+189D: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI JHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢝ </td> <td title="U+189E: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI TTA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢞ </td> <td title="U+189F: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI DDHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+18Ax </td> <td title="U+18A0: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI TA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢠ </td> <td title="U+18A1: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI DHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢡ </td> <td title="U+18A2: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI SSA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢢ </td> <td title="U+18A3: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI CYA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢣ </td> <td title="U+18A4: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI ZHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢤ </td> <td title="U+18A5: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI ZA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢥ </td> <td title="U+18A6: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI HALF U"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢦ </td> <td title="U+18A7: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI HALF YA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢧ </td> <td title="U+18A8: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI BHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢨ </td> <td title="U+18A9: MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DAGALGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢩ </td> <td title="U+18AA: MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI LHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> ᢪ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left">Notes <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1800_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U1800_grey">^</a> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Mongolian Supplement block (U+11660–U+1167F) was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2016 with the release of version 9.0: <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Supplement" title="Mongolian Supplement">Mongolian Supplement</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U11660_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_U11660_grey">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11660.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1166x </td> <td title="U+11660: MONGOLIAN BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙠 </td> <td title="U+11661: MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙡 </td> <td title="U+11662: MONGOLIAN DOUBLE BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙢 </td> <td title="U+11663: MONGOLIAN TRIPLE BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙣 </td> <td title="U+11664: MONGOLIAN BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙤 </td> <td title="U+11665: MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙥 </td> <td title="U+11666: MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙦 </td> <td title="U+11667: MONGOLIAN INVERTED BIRGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙧 </td> <td title="U+11668: MONGOLIAN INVERTED BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙨 </td> <td title="U+11669: MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙩 </td> <td title="U+1166A: MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙪 </td> <td title="U+1166B: MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙫 </td> <td title="U+1166C: MONGOLIAN TURNED SWIRL BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;"> 𑙬 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1167x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left">Notes <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U11660_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U11660_grey">^</a> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keyboard_layout">Keyboard layout</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Keyboard layout">edit</a>]</div> The Windows Mongolian traditional script <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a> for personal computers is as follows:<a href="#cite_note-114">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unshifted_layout">Unshifted layout</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Unshifted layout">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_(Unicode_block)#Variations_and_vowel_separation" title="Mongolian (Unicode block)">FVS3</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">1 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠑ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">2 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠒ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">3 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠓ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">4 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠔ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">5 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠕ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">6 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠖ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">7 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠗ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">8 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠘ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">9 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠙ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">0 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">᠐ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em"><a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space#Width_variation" title="Non-breaking space">NNBSP</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">= </td> <td colspan="4">Backspace </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">Tab </td> <td colspan="3">Q <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠴ č </td> <td colspan="3">W <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠣ o </td> <td colspan="3">E <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠡ e </td> <td colspan="3">R <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠷ r </td> <td colspan="3">T <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠲ t </td> <td colspan="3">Y <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠶ y </td> <td colspan="3">U <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠦ ü </td> <td colspan="3">I <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠢ i </td> <td colspan="3">O <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠥ ö </td> <td colspan="3">P <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠫ p </td> <td colspan="3">(...) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">〔 </td> <td colspan="3">(...) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">〕 </td> <td colspan="3">(...) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠁ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Caps </td> <td colspan="3">A <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠠ a </td> <td colspan="3">S <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠰ s </td> <td colspan="3">D <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠳ d </td> <td colspan="3">F <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠹ f </td> <td colspan="3">G <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠭ ɣ/g </td> <td colspan="3">H <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬ q/k </td> <td colspan="3">J <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠵ ǰ </td> <td colspan="3">K <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠺ g </td> <td colspan="3">L <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠯ l </td> <td colspan="3">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275">︔ </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_(Unicode_block)#Variations_and_vowel_separation" title="Mongolian (Unicode block)">FVS1</a> </td> <td colspan="5">Enter </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">Shift </td> <td colspan="3">\ </td> <td colspan="3">Z <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠽ z </td> <td colspan="3">X <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠱ š </td> <td colspan="3">C <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠼ c </td> <td colspan="3">V <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠤ u </td> <td colspan="3">B <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠪ b </td> <td colspan="3">N <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠨ n </td> <td colspan="3">M <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠮ m </td> <td colspan="3">, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠂ </td> <td colspan="3">. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠃ </td> <td colspan="3">. </td> <td colspan="6">Shift </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Ctrl </td> <td colspan="6">Alt </td> <td colspan="21"> </td> <td colspan="6">Alt </td> <td colspan="5">Ctrl </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shifted_layout">Shifted layout</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Shifted layout">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">~ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">1 ! </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">2 ⁈ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">3 ⁉ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">4 — </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">5 % </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">6 <a href="/wiki/Zero-width_non-joiner" title="Zero-width non-joiner">ZWNJ</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">7 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">᠊ </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">8 <a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">ZWJ</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">9 ( </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">0 ) </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_(Unicode_block)#Variations_and_vowel_separation" title="Mongolian (Unicode block)">MVS</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="min-width: 3em">+ </td> <td colspan="4">Backspace </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">Tab </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3">W <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠸ w </td> <td colspan="3">E <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠧ ē </td> <td colspan="3">R <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠿ ž </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3">(...) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">〈 </td> <td colspan="3">(...) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">〉 </td> <td colspan="3">(...) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">| </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Caps </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3">H <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠾ h </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3">K <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠻ kh </td> <td colspan="3">L <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡀ lh </td> <td colspan="3">: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">᠄ </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_(Unicode_block)#Variations_and_vowel_separation" title="Mongolian (Unicode block)">FVS2</a> </td> <td colspan="5">Enter </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">Shift </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3">Z <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡁ zh </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3">C <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡂ ch </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3">N <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠩ ng </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3">, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">《 </td> <td colspan="3">. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">》 </td> <td colspan="3">? </td> <td colspan="6">Shift </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Ctrl </td> <td colspan="6">Alt </td> <td colspan="21"> </td> <td colspan="6">Alt </td> <td colspan="5">Ctrl </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Language" title="Portal:Language">Language portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems" title="Mongolian writing systems">Mongolian writing systems</a> <ul><li>Mongolian script <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script_multigraphs" title="Mongolian script multigraphs">Mongolian script multigraphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Todo alphabet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_square_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal square script">Horizontal square script</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Latin_alphabet" title="Mongolian Latin alphabet">Mongolian Latin alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SASM/GNC_romanization#Mongolian" title="SASM/GNC romanization">SASM/GNC romanization § Mongolian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_transliteration_of_Chinese_characters" title="Mongolian transliteration of Chinese characters">Mongolian transliteration of Chinese characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sino%E2%80%93Mongolian_Transliterations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sino–Mongolian Transliterations (page does not exist)">Sino–Mongolian Transliterations</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%92%99%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" class="extiw" title="zh:中蒙联合转写">zh</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian Braille</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Sign_Language" title="Mongolian Sign Language">Mongolian Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian name</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> In Mongolian script: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ⟨<a href="/wiki/File:Monggol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monggol.svg/20px-Monggol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monggol.svg/30px-Monggol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monggol.svg/40px-Monggol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="250" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Bicig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bicig.svg/20px-Bicig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bicig.svg/30px-Bicig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bicig.svg/40px-Bicig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="205" /></a>⟩ mongγol bičig; in <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mongolian Cyrillic</a>: монгол бичиг mongol bichig <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">[ˈmɔɴɢɜɮ ˈpiʰt͡ɕɪ̥k]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈhʊdəm ˈmɒŋɡəl ˈbɪtʃɪɡ/</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]; in Mongolian script: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ qudum mongγol bičig; <a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongolian" title="Khalkha Mongolian">Khalkha</a>: худам монгол бичиг, khudam mongol bichig <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">[ˈχʊt(ə)m ˈmɔɴɢɜɮ ˈpiʰt͡ɕɪ̥k]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]; <a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a>: Худам Монгол бэшэг, Hudam Mongol bèšèg; <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Oirat" title="Kalmyk Oirat">Kalmyk</a>: Хуудм Моңһл бичг, Huudm Mon̦ḥl bičg[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ uyiγurǰin mongγol bičig (уйгар/уйгаржин/уйгуржин монгол бичиг/үсэг uigar/uigarjin/uigurjin mongol bichig/üseg) </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ qaγučin bičig (хуучин бичиг khuuchin bichig) </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠨᠡ/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ sine/sin‑e bičig (шинэ үсэг shine üseg) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ qudum mongγol bičig (худам монгол бичиг khudam mongol bichig) </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠲᠣᠳᠣ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠦᠰᠦᠭ todo bičig/üsüg (тод бичиг/үсэг tod bichig/üseg) </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠣᠱᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ bošuγ-a bičig (босоо бичиг bosoo bichig) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> In digital typesetting, this shaping is achieved by inserting a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+180E ᠎ MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR (<code>MVS</code>) between the separated letters. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> In digital typesetting, this shaping is achieved by inserting a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+202F   <a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space#Width_variation" title="Non-breaking space">NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE</a> (<code>NNBSP</code>) between the separated letters. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Examples of such include: (dotless š) gšan 'moment' (<a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_gshan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Block-printed_gshan.svg/37px-Block-printed_gshan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Block-printed_gshan.svg/56px-Block-printed_gshan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Block-printed_gshan.svg/74px-Block-printed_gshan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="74" data-file-height="57" /></a>), gkir 'dirt' (<a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_gkir.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Block-printed_gkir.svg/17px-Block-printed_gkir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Block-printed_gkir.svg/26px-Block-printed_gkir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Block-printed_gkir.svg/34px-Block-printed_gkir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="62" /></a>), or bodisdv '<a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a>' (<a href="/wiki/File:Block-printed_bodisdv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Block-printed_bodisdv.svg/54px-Block-printed_bodisdv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Block-printed_bodisdv.svg/81px-Block-printed_bodisdv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Block-printed_bodisdv.svg/108px-Block-printed_bodisdv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="144" /></a>).<a href="#cite_note-Poppe1974-6">[4]</a>: 15, 32 <a href="#cite_note-Grønbech1993-32">[24]</a>: 9 <a href="#cite_note-Lessing1960-42">[32]</a>: 385  </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Transliterations have been normalized according to this article's letter tables. Loan consonants are shown in parentheses. </li> <li id="cite_note-transl-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transl_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-transl_48-1">b</a> Scholarly/Scientific transliteration.<a href="#cite_note-EKIMn2006-47">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Used in Inner Mongolia, and always followed by i. Only used to transcribe the Mandarin Chinese retroflex r, as in <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:日">日</a>; rì: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠿᠢ. </li> <li id="cite_note-voiced_continuant-58"><a href="#cite_ref-voiced_continuant_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeeZee2003">Lee & Zee (2003)</a> harvp error: no target: CITEREFLeeZee2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) and <a href="#CITEREFLin2007">Lin (2007)</a> harvp error: no target: CITEREFLin2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) transcribe these as approximants, while <a href="#CITEREFDuanmu2007">Duanmu (2007)</a> harvp error: no target: CITEREFDuanmu2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) transcribes these as voiced fricatives. The actual pronunciation has been acoustically measured to be more approximant-like.<a href="#cite_note-StudyMn2013-50">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Only used in Tibetan loanwords to represent <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ལྷ syllables, as in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᡀᠠᠰᠠ <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠳᠠᡀᠠ dalha 'enemy gods'.<a href="#cite_note-59">[42]</a>: 31, 427, 432 <a href="#cite_note-Bawden2013-26">[18]</a>: 121  Treated as a separate letter due to representing an independent <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a>, but can be analysed as a digraph of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠯ‍ (l) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">‍ᠾ‍ (h) (noting the latter is in medial position). </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Used in Inner Mongolia, and always followed by i. Only used to transcribe the Mandarin Chinese retroflex zh, as in <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:之">之</a>; zhī: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᡁᠢ. Takes the form of medial h, but used in initial position. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Used in Inner Mongolia, and always followed by i. Only used to transcribe the Mandarin Chinese retroflex ch, as in <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%9A%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:蚩">蚩</a>; chī: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᡂᠢ. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> birγ‑a (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:бярга">бярга</a> byarga) </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠡᠭ čeg (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%B3#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:цэг">цэг</a> tseg) </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠡᠭ dabqur čeg (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:давхар">давхар</a> цэг davkhar tseg) </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠡᠭ dörbelǰin čeg (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%BB#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:дөрвөл">дөрвөл</a>жин цэг dörvöljin tseg) </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠤᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠡᠭ čubaγ‑a/čubuγ‑a čeg (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B0#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:цуваа">цуваа</a> цэг tsuvaa tseg) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠣᠣᠰ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠡᠭ qoos čeg (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:хос">хос</a> цэг khos tseg)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ niruγu (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:нуруу">нуруу</a> nuruu) </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Mongolian: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> ǰirulγ‑a / <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:зурлага">зурлага</a> zurlaga </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠴᠤᠭ ačuγ (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:ацаг">ацаг</a> atsag) </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠳᠦ sidü (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D2%AF%D0%B4#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:шүд">шүд</a> shüd) </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠲᠢᠲᠢᠮ titim (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:титэм">тит(и/э)м</a> tit(i/e)m) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ niruγu (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:нуруу">нуруу</a> nuruu) </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ segül (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:сүүл">сүүл</a> süül) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ boγuni segül (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:богино">богино</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:богонь">богонь</a> сүүл bogino/bogoni süül) </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠴᠠ orkiča (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%86#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:орхиц">орхиц</a> orkhits) </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠠᠴᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> čačulγ‑a (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:цацлага">цацлага</a> tsatslaga) </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡ degege (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%8D#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:дэгээ">дэгээ</a> degee) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠢ silbi (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%8D#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:шилбэ">шилбэ</a> shilbe) </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠢ siluγun silbi (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:шулуун">шулуун</a> шилбэ shuluun shilbe) </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠤᠷᠲᠤ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠳᠦ urtu sidü (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:урт">урт</a> шүд urt shüd) </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠡᠭᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠢ egeteger silbi (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D1%8D%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:ээтгэр">э(э)тгэр</a> шилбэ e(e)tger shilbe) </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠢ mataγar silbi (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:матгар">матгар</a> шилбэ matgar shilbe) </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦᠲᠡᠢ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠢ örgesütei silbi (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A9%D1%81#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:өргөс">өргөс</a>тэй шилбэ örgöstei shilbe) </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠭᠣᠭᠴᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠢ γoγčuγatai silbi (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BE#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:гогцоо">гогцоо</a>той шилбэ gogtsootoi shilbe) </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠢ köndei silbi (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:хөндий">хөндий</a> шилбэ khöndii shilbe) </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨᠤᠮᠤ numu (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:нум">нум</a> num) </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ gedesü (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:гэдэс">гэдэс</a> gedes) </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> aru‑yin gedesü (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B0%D1%80#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:ар">ар</a>ын гэдэс aryn gedes) </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> [...] (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:ятгар">ятгар</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:зартиг">зартиг</a> yatgar zartig) </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ geǰige (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B3#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:гэзэг">гэзэг</a> gezeg) </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠡᠪᠡᠷ eber (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:эвэр">эвэр</a> ever) </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠵᠢ ǰabaǰi (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:завж">зав(и/ь)ж</a> zavij) </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠡᠪᠡᠷ serege eber (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:сэрээ">сэрээ</a> эвэр seree ever) </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠴᠠ ača (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B0%D1%86#Mongolian" class="extiw" title="wikt:ац">ац</a> ats) </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> [...] (жалжгар эвэр jaljgar ever) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ<a href="#Unicode">⟨?⟩</a> soyuγ‑a (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mn:%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BE#Монголоор" class="extiw" title="wikt:mn:соёо">соёо</a> soyoo) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠵᠠᠷᠲᠢᠭ ǰartiγ (зартиг zartig <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: 'jar-thig) </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Janhunen2006-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2006_3-9">j</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJanhunen2006" class="citation book cs1">Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DuCRAgAAQBAJ">The Mongolic Languages</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-79690-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-79690-7"><bdi>978-1-135-79690-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mongolic+Languages&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-01-27&rft.isbn=978-1-135-79690-7&rft.aulast=Janhunen&rft.aufirst=Juha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDuCRAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniels1996-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daniels1996_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniels1996_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniels1996_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniels1996_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniels1996_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniels1996_4-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielsBright1996" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ospMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA545">The World's Writing Systems</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507993-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507993-7"><bdi>978-0-19-507993-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507993-7&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Peter+T.&rft.au=Bright%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DospMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Christian_(historian)" title="David Christian (historian)">Christian, David</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YLQW5lUajgkC&pg=PA398">A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia: Inner Eurasia from Prehistory to the Mongol Empire</a>. Wiley. p. 398. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20814-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20814-3"><bdi>978-0-631-20814-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Russia%2C+Central+Asia+and+Mongolia%3A+Inner+Eurasia+from+Prehistory+to+the+Mongol+Empire&rft.pages=398&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20814-3&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYLQW5lUajgkC%26pg%3DPA398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poppe1974-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppe1974_6-16">q</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppe1974" class="citation book cs1">Poppe, Nicholas (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poppegrammarofwrittenmongolian1974/page/n1/mode/1up">Grammar of Written Mongolian</a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-00684-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-00684-2"><bdi>978-3-447-00684-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammar+of+Written+Mongolian&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-3-447-00684-2&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoppegrammarofwrittenmongolian1974%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kara2-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2_7-1">b</a> György Kara, "Aramaic Scripts for Altaic Languages", in Daniels & Bright <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Writing_Systems" title="The World's Writing Systems">The World's Writing Systems</a>, 1994. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shepherd2013-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd2013_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd2013_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherd2013" class="citation book cs1">Shepherd, Margaret (2013-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UZhGza8C77kC&pg=PT419">Learn World Calligraphy: Discover African, Arabic, Chinese, Ethiopic, Greek, Hebrew, Indian, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, Russian, Thai, Tibetan Calligraphy, and Beyond</a>. Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-8230-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-8230-8"><bdi>978-0-8230-8230-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learn+World+Calligraphy%3A+Discover+African%2C+Arabic%2C+Chinese%2C+Ethiopic%2C+Greek%2C+Hebrew%2C+Indian%2C+Japanese%2C+Korean%2C+Mongolian%2C+Russian%2C+Thai%2C+Tibetan+Calligraphy%2C+and+Beyond&rft.pub=Clarkson+Potter%2FTen+Speed&rft.date=2013-07-03&rft.isbn=978-0-8230-8230-8&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUZhGza8C77kC%26pg%3DPT419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berkwitz2009-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Berkwitz2009_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerkwitzSchoberBrown2009" class="citation book cs1">Berkwitz, Stephen C.; Schober, Juliane; Brown, Claudia (2009-01-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KvsLBf3jISAC&pg=PA80">Buddhist Manuscript Cultures: Knowledge, Ritual, and Art</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-00242-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-00242-9"><bdi>978-1-134-00242-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Manuscript+Cultures%3A+Knowledge%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Art&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009-01-13&rft.isbn=978-1-134-00242-9&rft.aulast=Berkwitz&rft.aufirst=Stephen+C.&rft.au=Schober%2C+Juliane&rft.au=Brown%2C+Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKvsLBf3jISAC%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Chinggeltei. (1963) A Grammar of the Mongol Language. New York, Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2020-03/19/content_75834583.htm">"Mongolia to promote usage of traditional script"</a>. China.org.cn (March 19, 2020).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China.org.cn+%28March+19%2C+2020%29&rft.atitle=Mongolia+to+promote+usage+of+traditional+script&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Farts%2F2020-03%2F19%2Fcontent_75834583.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montsame.mn/en/read/219358">Official documents to be recorded in both scripts from 2025</a>, Montsame, 18 March 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mongolia.gogo.mn/r/146942">Mongolian Language Law is effective from July 1st</a>, Gogo, 1 July 2015. "Misinterpretation 1: Use of cyrillic is to be terminated and only Mongolian script to be used. There is no provision in the law that states the termination of use of cyrillic. It clearly states that Mongolian script is to be added to the current use of cyrillic. Mongolian script will be introduced in stages and state and local government is to conduct their correspondence in both cyrillic and Mongolian script. This provision is to be effective starting January 1st of 2025. ID, <a href="/wiki/Birth_certificate" title="Birth certificate">birth certificate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marriage_certificate" title="Marriage certificate">marriage certificate</a> and education certificates are to be both in Mongolian cyrillic and Mongolian script and currently Mongolian script is being used in official letters of President, Prime Minister and Speaker of Parliament." </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF藍美華" class="citation journal cs1">藍美華. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312215123/https://ws.mac.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMjk1L2NrZmlsZS85ZDc1NjVlMi00NGY0LTRhNDgtYjkwZC1iMWVmMDAzN2U2YjcucGRm&n=5Zub44CB6JeN576O6I%2BvLS3ov5HmnJ%2Flhafokpnlj6TmvKLoqp7mlZnmnZDmipfniK3kuovku7bop4Dlr58ucGRm">"近期內蒙古漢語教材抗爭事件觀察"</a>. ws.mac.gov.tw. <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ws.mac.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMjk1L2NrZmlsZS85ZDc1NjVlMi00NGY0LTRhNDgtYjkwZC1iMWVmMDAzN2U2YjcucGRm&n=5Zub44CB6JeN576O6I%2BvLS3ov5HmnJ%2Flhafokpnlj6TmvKLoqp7mlZnmnZDmipfniK3kuovku7bop4Dlr58ucGRm">the original</a> on 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2023-01-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ws.mac.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E8%BF%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%A7%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9D%90%E6%8A%97%E7%88%AD%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F&rft.au=%E8%97%8D%E7%BE%8E%E8%8F%AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fws.mac.gov.tw%2FDownload.ashx%3Fu%3DLzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMjk1L2NrZmlsZS85ZDc1NjVlMi00NGY0LTRhNDgtYjkwZC1iMWVmMDAzN2U2YjcucGRm%26n%3D5Zub44CB6JeN576O6I%252BvLS3ov5HmnJ%252Flhafokpnlj6TmvKLoqp7mlZnmnZDmipfniK3kuovku7bop4Dlr58ucGRm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaodaobateer2004" class="citation journal cs1">Caodaobateer (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-8039-5_16">"The Use and Development of Mongol and its Writing Systems in China"</a>. Language Policy in the People's Republic of China. Language Policy. 4. Dordrecht: 289–302. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F1-4020-8039-5_16">10.1007/1-4020-8039-5_16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4020-8038-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-4020-8038-7"><bdi>1-4020-8038-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Policy+in+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.atitle=The+Use+and+Development+of+Mongol+and+its+Writing+Systems+in+China&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=289-302&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F1-4020-8039-5_16&rft.isbn=1-4020-8038-7&rft.au=Caodaobateer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F1-4020-8039-5_16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsiao-ting_Lin" class="citation web cs1">Hsiao-ting Lin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ru4.ilovetranslation.com/jhLk6JJ3SWl=d/">"Ethnopolitics in modern China: the Nationalists, Muslims, and Mongols in wartime Alashaa Banner (1937–1945)"</a>. Stanford, CA, US: Hoover Institution, Stanford University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnopolitics+in+modern+China%3A+the+Nationalists%2C+Muslims%2C+and+Mongols+in+wartime+Alashaa+Banner+%281937%E2%80%931945%29&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA%2C+US&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution%2C+Stanford+University&rft.au=Hsiao-ting+Lin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fru4.ilovetranslation.com%2FjhLk6JJ3SWl%3Dd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerschAndreBrown1998" class="citation book cs1">Hersch, Roger; Andre, Jacques; Brown, Heather (1998-03-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bo453EDNBp4C&pg=PA308">EP '98</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64298-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64298-5"><bdi>978-3-540-64298-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EP+%2798&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=1998-03-18&rft.isbn=978-3-540-64298-5&rft.aulast=Hersch&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Andre%2C+Jacques&rft.au=Brown%2C+Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbo453EDNBp4C%26pg%3DPA308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanders2010-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Sanders2010_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders2010" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, Alan J. K. (2010-05-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5JN83EDDLl4C">Historical Dictionary of Mongolia</a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7452-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7452-7"><bdi>978-0-8108-7452-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Mongolia&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010-05-20&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7452-7&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Alan+J.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5JN83EDDLl4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janhunen2012-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2012_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janhunen2012_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanhunen2012" class="citation book cs1">Janhunen, Juha A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SAlwcg9ioPMC">Mongolian</a>. John Benjamins Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-3820-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-3820-7"><bdi>978-90-272-3820-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mongolian&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-272-3820-7&rft.aulast=Janhunen&rft.aufirst=Juha+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSAlwcg9ioPMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bawden2013-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bawden2013_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bawden2013_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBawden2013" class="citation book cs1">Bawden, Charles (2013-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cULYAQAAQBAJ">Mongolian English Dictionary</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-15588-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-15588-8"><bdi>978-1-136-15588-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mongolian+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-136-15588-8&rft.aulast=Bawden&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcULYAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanders2015-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders2015_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders2015_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders2015_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders2015_27-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBat-IreeduiSanders2015" class="citation book cs1">Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tbhgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA211">Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-30598-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-30598-9"><bdi>978-1-317-30598-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colloquial+Mongolian%3A+The+Complete+Course+for+Beginners&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-08-14&rft.isbn=978-1-317-30598-9&rft.aulast=Bat-Ireedui&rft.aufirst=Jantsangiyn&rft.au=Sanders%2C+Alan+J.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtbhgCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarzluf2017" class="citation book cs1">Marzluf, Phillip P. (2017-11-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2To8DwAAQBAJ">Language, Literacy, and Social Change in Mongolia: Traditionalist, Socialist, and Post-Socialist Identities</a>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-3486-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-3486-4"><bdi>978-1-4985-3486-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language%2C+Literacy%2C+and+Social+Change+in+Mongolia%3A+Traditionalist%2C+Socialist%2C+and+Post-Socialist+Identities&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-3486-4&rft.aulast=Marzluf&rft.aufirst=Phillip+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2To8DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MnToli-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MnToli_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MnToli_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MnToli_29-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mongoltoli.mn/dictionary/">"Mongolian State Dictionary"</a>. mongoltoli.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2017-12-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mongoltoli.mn&rft.atitle=Mongolian+State+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmongoltoli.mn%2Fdictionary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manchu-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manchu_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manchu_30-1">b</a> by <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language#Phonology" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a> convention </li> <li id="cite_note-Yinyang-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yinyang_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yinyang_31-1">b</a> in Inner Mongolia. </li> <li id="cite_note-Grønbech1993-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grønbech1993_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grønbech1993_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grønbech1993_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grønbech1993_32-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grønbech1993_32-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grønbech1993_32-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrønbechKrueger1993" class="citation book cs1">Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0YanEBJXGRMC">An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary</a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-03298-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-03298-8"><bdi>978-3-447-03298-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Classical+%28literary%29+Mongolian%3A+Introduction%2C+Grammar%2C+Reader%2C+Glossary&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-447-03298-8&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B8nbech&rft.aufirst=Kaare&rft.au=Krueger%2C+John+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0YanEBJXGRMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bilig2011-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bilig2011_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bilig2011_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bilig2011_33-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w.colips.org/journals/volume21/21.1.3-Biligsaikhan.pdf">"A Study of Traditional Mongolian Script Encodings and Rendering: Use of Unicode in OpenType fonts"</a> (PDF). w.colips.org. Retrieved 9 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w.colips.org&rft.atitle=A+Study+of+Traditional+Mongolian+Script+Encodings+and+Rendering%3A+Use+of+Unicode+in+OpenType+fonts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fw.colips.org%2Fjournals%2Fvolume21%2F21.1.3-Biligsaikhan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CJVLang2013-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CJVLang2013_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CJVLang2013_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CJVLang2013_34-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/index.html">"Mongolian Traditional Script"</a>. cjvlang.com. Retrieved 2017-12-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cjvlang.com&rft.atitle=Mongolian+Traditional+Script&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcjvlang.com%2FWriting%2Fwritmongol%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svantesson2005-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Svantesson2005_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Svantesson2005_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Svantesson2005_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Svantesson2005_36-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvantessonTsendinaKarlssonFranzen2005" class="citation book cs1">Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hQVREAAAQBAJ">The Phonology of Mongolian</a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-151461-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-151461-6"><bdi>978-0-19-151461-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Mongolian&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2005-02-10&rft.isbn=978-0-19-151461-6&rft.aulast=Svantesson&rft.aufirst=Jan-Olof&rft.au=Tsendina%2C+Anna&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+Anastasia&rft.au=Franzen%2C+Vivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhQVREAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCCoreSpec-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UCCoreSpec_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCCoreSpec_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCCoreSpec_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCCoreSpec_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCCoreSpec_37-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCCoreSpec_37-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ch13.pdf">"The Unicode® Standard Version 10.0 – Core Specification: South and Central Asia-II"</a> (PDF). Unicode.org. Retrieved 3 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode.org&rft.atitle=The+Unicode%C2%AE+Standard+Version+10.0+%E2%80%93+Core+Specification%3A+South+and+Central+Asia-II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode10.0.0%2Fch13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EKIMn2015-38"><a href="#cite_ref-EKIMn2015_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblcmg2.pdf">"Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol"</a> (PDF). www.eki.ee. Retrieved 2017-11-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eki.ee&rft.atitle=Mongolian+%2F+%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%A3%E1%A0%A9%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A3%E1%A0%AF+Mo%C5%8B%C4%A1ol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fknab%2Flat%2Fkblcmg2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LinguaMnGrammar-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LinguaMnGrammar_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LinguaMnGrammar_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViklund" class="citation web cs1">Viklund, Andreas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222230456/http://www.linguamongolia.com/gram1.html">"Lingua Mongolia – Mongolian Grammar"</a>. www.linguamongolia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linguamongolia.com/gram1.html">the original</a> on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2017-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.linguamongolia.com&rft.atitle=Lingua+Mongolia+%E2%80%93+Mongolian+Grammar&rft.aulast=Viklund&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linguamongolia.com%2Fgram1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suffixes-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Suffixes_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17036-mongolian-suffix.pdf">"PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)"</a> (PDF). Unicode.org. Retrieved 23 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode.org&rft.atitle=PROPOSAL+Encode+Mongolian+Suffix+Connector+%28U%2B180F%29+To+Replace+Narrow+Non-Breaking+Space+%28U%2B202F%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2017%2F17036-mongolian-suffix.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lessing1960-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lessing1960_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lessing1960_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lessing1960_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lessing1960_42-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessing1960" class="citation book cs1">Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/mong/Lessing.pdf">Mongolian-English Dictionary</a> (PDF). University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mongolian-English+Dictionary&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Lessing&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltaica.ru%2FLIBRARY%2Fmong%2FLessing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.<a href="#cite_note-73">[45]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kara2005-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2005_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2005_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2005_44-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2005_44-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2005_44-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2005_44-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2005_44-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKara2005" class="citation book cs1">Kara, György (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSlkAAAAMAAJ">Books of the Mongolian Nomads: More Than Eight Centuries of Writing Mongolian</a>. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-933070-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-933070-52-3"><bdi>978-0-933070-52-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Books+of+the+Mongolian+Nomads%3A+More+Than+Eight+Centuries+of+Writing+Mongolian&rft.pub=Indiana+University%2C+Research+Institute+for+Inner+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-933070-52-3&rft.aulast=Kara&rft.aufirst=Gy%C3%B6rgy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcSlkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luvsandorj2008-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luvsandorj2008_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luvsandorj2008_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luvsandorj2008_46-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJugder2008" class="citation journal cs1">Jugder, Luvsandorj (2008). Vacek, Jaroslav; Oberfalzerová, Alena (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uas.ff.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/sites/63/2019/05/MongolicaPragensia08-1.pdf">"Diacritic marks in the Mongolian script and the 'darkness of confusion of letters'"</a> (PDF). Mongolo-Tibetica Pragensia '08. 1 (1). Prague: Stanislav Juhaňák – TRITON: 45–98. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1803-5647">1803-5647</a>. 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G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://altaica.ru/manuals/skorodumova_staromong.pdf">Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk <bdi lang="ru">Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык</bdi></a> (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-8463-0015-4" title="Special:BookSources/5-8463-0015-4"><bdi>5-8463-0015-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vvedenie+v+staropismenny+mongolskiy+yazyk+%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&rft.pub=Muravey-Gayd&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=5-8463-0015-4&rft.aulast=Skorodumova&rft.aufirst=L.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltaica.ru%2Fmanuals%2Fskorodumova_staromong.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StudyMn2013-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StudyMn2013_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StudyMn2013_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/">"Writing | Study Mongolian"</a>. www.studymongolian.net. August 2013. Retrieved 2017-12-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.studymongolian.net&rft.atitle=Writing+%26%23124%3B+Study+Mongolian&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studymongolian.net%2Flessons%2Fbasics%2Fwriting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChuluunbaatar2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chuluunbaatar, Otgonbayar (2008). Einführung in die mongolischen Schriften (in German). Buske. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-87548-500-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-87548-500-4"><bdi>978-3-87548-500-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Einf%C3%BChrung+in+die+mongolischen+Schriften&rft.pub=Buske&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-87548-500-4&rft.aulast=Chuluunbaatar&rft.aufirst=Otgonbayar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWu2022" class="citation book cs1">Wu, Jiaye (2022). "Teaching Mandarin Pronunciation to Mongolian Learners in Early Republican Period China: The Case of the Mongolian Han Original Sounds of the Five Regions". In Nicola McLelland and Hui Zhao (ed.). Language Standardization and Language Variation in Multilingual Contexts. Multilingual Matters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80041-155-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80041-155-5"><bdi>978-1-80041-155-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Teaching+Mandarin+Pronunciation+to+Mongolian+Learners+in+Early+Republican+Period+China%3A+The+Case+of+the+Mongolian+Han+Original+Sounds+of+the+Five+Regions&rft.btitle=Language+Standardization+and+Language+Variation+in+Multilingual+Contexts&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-80041-155-5&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Jiaye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BabelStone-55"><a href="#cite_ref-BabelStone_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babelstone.co.uk/Mongolian/Resources.html">"BabelStone: Mongolian and Manchu Resources"</a>. 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Retrieved 2023-09-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+keyboard+layouts&rft.atitle=Windows+keyboard+layouts+-+Globalization&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft.au=jowilco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fglobalization%2Fwindows-keyboard-layouts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+script" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mongolian_script" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keyboards_Mongolian_script_layout_online">Keyboards Mongolian script layout online</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Keyboards Mongolian script layout online">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/mongolian_bichig.htm">Lexilogos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.typingbaba.com/keyboard/online-mongolian-keyboard.php">Typingbaba</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.branah.com/mongolian">Branah.com</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summaries">Summaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Summaries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istb.univie.ac.at/mongol/grammar/poppe/popindex.htm">University of Vienna: Grammar of Written Mongolian by Nicholas POPPE Index</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/mongolalpha.html">CJVlang: Making Sense of the Traditional Mongolian Script</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/">StudyMongolian: Written forms with audio pronunciation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viahistoria.com/SilverHorde/main.html?research/MongolScripts.html">The Silver Horde: Mongol Scripts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linguamongolia.com/">Lingua Mongolia: Uighur-script Mongolian Resources</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319200601/http://www.linguamongolia.com/">Archived</a> 2022-03-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/mongolian.htm">Omniglot: Mongolian Alphabet</a> (note: contains several table inaccuracies regarding glyphs and transliterations)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies">Studies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Studies">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(fr) Rémusat, Abel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aG5nAAAAcAAJ">Récherches sur les langues tartares</a>, Paris, 1820</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammars">Grammars</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Grammars">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(ru) Schmidt, Isaak Jakob, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grammatikamongol00schm/page/n5/mode/2up">Грамматика монгольскaго языка (Grammatika mongolʹskago i︠a︡zyka)</a>, Saint-Petersburg, 1832</li> <li>(ru) Bobrovnikov, Aleksieĭ Aleksandrovich <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H7c9AAAAYAAJ">Грамматика монгольско-калмыцкого языка (Grammatika mongolʹsko-kalmyt͡skago i͡azyka)</a>, Kazan, 1849</li> <li>(de) Schmidt, Isaak Jakob, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_qtMzxWTKkeQC/page/n5/mode/2up">Grammatik der mongolischen Sprache</a>, St. Petersburg, 1831</li> <li>(fr) Soulié, Charles Georges, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lmentsdegrammai00soulgoog/page/n9/mode/2up">Éléments de grammaire mongole (dialecte ordoss)</a>, Paris, 1903</li> <li>(it) Puini, Carlo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/puini-elementi-della-grammatica-mongolica-1878/page/n7/mode/2up">Elementi della grammatica mongolica</a>, Firenze, 1878</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dictionaries">Dictionaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Dictionaries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(fr, ru) Kovalevskiĭ, Osip Mikhaĭlovich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.it/search?hl=it&tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22Dictionnaire+mongol-russe-franca%CC%A7is%22">Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-Franca̧is</a>, Volumes 1–3, Kazan 1844-46-49</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bolor-toli.com/">Bolor Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mongoltoli.mn/dictionary/">Mongol toli dictionary: state dictionary of Mongolia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transliteration">Transliteration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Transliteration">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collab.its.virginia.edu/wiki/tibetan-script/Transliteration%20Schemes%20for%20Mongolian%20Vertical%20Script.html">University of Virginia: Transliteration Schemes For Mongolian Vertical Script</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushuaia.pl/transliterate/?ln=en">Online tool for Mongolian script transliteration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trans.mglip.com/EnglishC2T.aspx">Automatic converter for Traditional Mongolian and Cyrillic Mongolian by the Computer College of Inner Mongolia University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manuscripts">Manuscripts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Manuscripts">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasia.city.yokohama.jp/olonsume/index-E.html">Mongolian Manuscripts from Olon Süme – Yokohama Museum of EurAsian Cultures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kb.dk/en/nb/samling/os/central/digcentral.html">Digitised Mongolian manuscripts – The Royal Library</a>, National Library of Denmark</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/monght/dta_monght_index.htm">Mongolian texts – Digitales Turfan-Archiv</a>, the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eap.bl.uk/project/EAP890">Preservation of unique and historic newspapers printed in traditional Mongolian script between 1936–1945 – Endangered Archives Programme, British Library</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_script&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mongol.people.com.cn/">Official Mongolian script version of the People's Daily Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.mn/mng/">Office of the President of Mongolia</a> website in Mongolian script</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTang2020" class="citation web cs1">Tang, Didi (20 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mongolia-abandons-soviet-past-by-restoring-alphabet-rsvcgqmxd">"Mongolia abandons Soviet past by restoring alphabet"</a>. The Times. 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title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a> ⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li>Danish</li> <li>Finnish</li> <li>Greenlandic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></li> <li>Norwegian</li> <li>Swedish</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chinese semi-syllabaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Mongolia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Mongolia" title="Template:Languages of Mongolia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Mongolia" title="Template talk:Languages of Mongolia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Mongolia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Mongolia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Mongolia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Mongolia">Languages of Mongolia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkhad_dialect" title="Darkhad dialect">Darkhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukhan_language" title="Dukhan language">Dukhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin language">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Sign_Language" title="Mongolian Sign Language">Mongolian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mongolic_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongolic_languages" title="Template:Mongolic languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mongolic_languages" title="Template talk:Mongolic languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mongolic_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mongolic languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mongolic_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary Mongolic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Buryat–Mongolian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongolian" title="Khalkha Mongolian">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alasha_dialect" title="Alasha dialect">Alasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkhad_dialect" title="Darkhad dialect">Darkhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Oirat" title="Kalmyk Oirat">Kalmyk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torgut_Oirat" title="Torgut Oirat">Torgut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart_Kalmyk_language" title="Sart Kalmyk language">Sart Kalmyk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia">Peripheral Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baarin_Mongolian" title="Baarin Mongolian">Baarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakhar_Mongolian" title="Chakhar Mongolian">Chakhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongolian" title="Khorchin Mongolian">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongolian" title="Ordos Mongolian">Ordos</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamnigan_Mongol" title="Khamnigan Mongol">Khamnigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern Yugur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirongol_languages" title="Shirongol languages">Shirongolic</a> <ul><li>Baoanic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_language" title="Bonan language">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_language" title="Santa language">Santa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_language" title="Monguor language">Monguor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagur_language" title="Dagur language">Dagur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_language" title="Moghol language">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_language" title="Rouran language">Rouran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangwang_language" title="Tangwang language">Tangwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Para-Mongolic_languages" title="Para-Mongolic languages">Para-Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhuan#Language" title="Wuhuan">Awar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei#Language" title="Xianbei">Serbi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe#Language" title="Duan tribe">Duan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_language" title="Khitan language">Khitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun_language" title="Tuyuhun language">Tuyuhun</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language#History" title="Mongolian language">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongolic_language" title="Proto-Mongolic language">Proto-Mongolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Mongol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Mongol language">Middle Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Mongolian_language" title="Classical Mongolian language">Classical Mongolian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mongolia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongolia_topics" title="Template:Mongolia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mongolia_topics" title="Template talk:Mongolia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mongolia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mongolia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mongolia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mongolia-related_articles" title="Index of Mongolia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mongolia" title="History of Mongolia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongolian_history" title="Timeline of Mongolian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Mongolia" title="Prehistoric Mongolia">Prehistoric Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Medieval tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Northern Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Oirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Oirat">Four Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia_under_Qing_rule" title="Mongolia under Qing rule">Qing rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1911" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1911">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Bogd Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Mongolia" title="Occupation of Mongolia">Chinese occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_intervention_in_Mongolia" title="Soviet intervention in Mongolia">Soviet intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1921" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1921">1921 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia_in_World_War_II" title="Mongolia in World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">1990 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Mongolia" title="History of modern Mongolia">Modern Mongolia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Mongolia" title="Emblem of Mongolia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/State_emblem_of_Mongolia.svg/100px-State_emblem_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/State_emblem_of_Mongolia.svg/150px-State_emblem_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/State_emblem_of_Mongolia.svg/200px-State_emblem_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1355" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mongolia" title="Geography of Mongolia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Mongolia" title="Template:Borders of Mongolia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mongolia" title="List of cities in Mongolia">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cities_and_towns_of_Mongolia" title="List of historical cities and towns of Mongolia">Historical cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Mongolia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Mongolia" title="Environmental issues in Mongolia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Mongolia" title="Category:Fauna of Mongolia">Fauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Mongolia" title="List of birds of Mongolia">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Mongolia" title="List of mammals of Mongolia">Mammals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Mongolia" title="Category:Flora of Mongolia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian%E2%80%93Manchurian_grassland" title="Mongolian–Manchurian grassland">Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Mongolia" title="List of lakes of Mongolia">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kh%C3%B6vsg%C3%B6l" title="Lake Khövsgöl">Khövsgöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvs_Lake" title="Uvs Lake">Uvs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Mongolia" title="List of mountains in Mongolia">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khangai_Mountains" title="Khangai Mountains">Khangai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khentii_Mountains" title="Khentii Mountains">Khentii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Mongolia" title="List of national parks of Mongolia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Mongolia" title="List of rivers of Mongolia">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selenga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenga River">Selenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkhon_River" title="Orkhon River">Orkhon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mongolia" title="Politics of Mongolia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mongolia" title="Constitution of Mongolia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Great_Khural" title="State Great Khural">State Great Khural (parliament)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mongolia" title="President of Mongolia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mongolia" title="Government of Mongolia">Government (cabinet)</a></li> <li>Judiciary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mongolia" title="Supreme Court of Mongolia">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Mongolia" title="Constitutional Court of Mongolia">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Mongolia" title="Administrative divisions of Mongolia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mongolia" title="Elections in Mongolia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mongolia" title="Foreign relations of Mongolia">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_neighbor_policy" title="Third neighbor policy">Third neighbor policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mongolia" title="Human rights in Mongolia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mongolia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Mongolia" title="Law enforcement in Mongolia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Armed_Forces" title="Mongolian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Mongolia)" title="Chief of General Staff (Mongolia)">Chief of General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mongolia" title="List of political parties in Mongolia">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mongolia" title="Economy of Mongolia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mongolia" title="Agriculture in Mongolia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mongolia#Banks" title="Economy of Mongolia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Mongolia" title="List of companies of Mongolia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Stock_Exchange" title="Mongolian Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_t%C3%B6gr%C3%B6g" title="Mongolian tögrög">Tögrög (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mongolia" title="Telecommunications in Mongolia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mongolia" title="Tourism in Mongolia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mongolia" title="Transport in Mongolia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Mongolia" title="Category:Society of Mongolia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mongolia" title="Demographics of Mongolia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Southern Mongols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mongolia" title="Education in Mongolia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Mongolia" title="Health in Mongolia">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Mongolia" title="Prostitution in Mongolia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Mongolia" title="Public holidays in Mongolia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongolians" title="List of Mongolians">List of Mongolians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Mongolia" title="Sex trafficking in Mongolia">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Mongolia" title="Women in Mongolia">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems" title="Mongolian writing systems">Writing systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia" title="Culture of Mongolia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mongolia" title="Architecture of Mongolia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyelgee" title="Biyelgee">Biyelgee (dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goyol_Fashion_Festival" title="Goyol Fashion Festival">Goyol Fashion Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_culture_in_Mongolia" title="Horse culture in Mongolia">Horse culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_literature" title="Mongolian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Mongolia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_medicine" title="Traditional Mongolian medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia" title="Music of Mongolia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naadam" title="Naadam">Naadam (festival)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Sar" title="Tsagaan Sar">Tsagaan Sar (New Year's Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Mongolia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mongolia" title="Outline of Mongolia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mongolia-related_articles" title="Index of Mongolia-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mongolia" title="Category:Mongolia">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inner_Mongolia_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Inner_Mongolia" title="Category:Inner Mongolia">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia#History" title="Inner Mongolia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Politics of Inner Mongolia">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_independence_movement" title="Inner Mongolian independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia#Economy" title="Inner Mongolia">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia">Administrative divisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Category:Geography of Inner Mongolia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Inner_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengger_Desert" title="Tengger Desert">Tengger Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Inner_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Inner Mongolia">Climate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="List of universities and colleges in Inner Mongolia">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_University" title="Inner Mongolia University">Inner Mongolia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_Normal_University" title="Inner Mongolia Normal University">Inner Mongolia Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng_University" title="Chifeng University">Chifeng University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia" title="Culture of Mongolia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Music of Inner Mongolia">Music of Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia">in Inner Mongolia</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolian script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_Blue_Banner,_Inner_Mongolia" title="Plain Blue Banner, Inner Mongolia">Plain Blue Banner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_pot" title="Hot pot">Hot pot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiretu_Juu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiretu Juu">Shiretu Juu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaojun_Tomb" title="Zhaojun Tomb">Zhaojun Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Genghis_Khan" title="Mausoleum of Genghis Khan">Mausoleum of Genghis Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexigten_Global_Geopark" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexigten Global Geopark">Hexigten Global Geopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanbu_Huayanjing_Pagoda" title="Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda">Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Inner_Mongolia" title="Category:Inner 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alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-7kfnh","wgBackendResponseTime":189,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.189","walltime":"3.758","ppvisitednodes":{"value":72222,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1165252,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":157321,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":36,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":804597,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2995.482 1 -total"," 18.81% 563.452 56 Template:NoteTag"," 15.99% 478.903 544 Template:Transliteration"," 15.34% 459.438 93 Template:Rp"," 14.65% 438.730 93 Template:R/superscript"," 10.73% 321.362 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