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hydroxide catalyst</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: potassium hydroxide catalyst"> <meta name="keywords" content="potassium hydroxide catalyst"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="potassium hydroxide catalyst"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1370</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: potassium hydroxide catalyst</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1340</span> Impact of Zn/Cr Ratio on ZnCrOx-SAPO-34 Bifunctional Catalyst for Direct Conversion of Syngas to Light Olefins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuxuan%20Huang">Yuxuan Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weixin%20Qian"> Weixin Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongfang%20Ma"> Hongfang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitao%20Zhang"> Haitao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyong%20Ying"> Weiyong Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light olefins are important building blocks for chemical industry. Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins has been investigated for decades. Meanwhile, the limit for light olefins selectivity described by Anderson-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distribution model is still a great challenge to conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The emerging strategy called oxide-zeolite concept (OX-ZEO) is a promising way to get rid of this limit. ZnCrO<sub>x</sub> was prepared by co-precipitation method and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> was used as precipitant. SAPO-34 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and Tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) was used as template, while silica sol, pseudo-boehmite, and phosphoric acid were Al, Si and P source, respectively. The bifunctional catalyst was prepared by mechanical mixing of ZnCrO<sub>x</sub> and SAPO-34. Catalytic reactions were carried out under H<sub>2</sub>/CO=2, 380 ℃, 1 MPa and 6000 mL·g<sub>cat</sub><sup>-1</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup> in a fixed-bed reactor with a quartz lining. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, H<sub>2</sub>-TPR, and CO-TPD. The addition of Al as structure promoter enhances CO conversion and selectivity to light olefins. Zn/Cr ratio, which decides the active component content and chemisorption property of the catalyst, influences CO conversion and selectivity to light olefins at the same time. C<sub>2-4</sub><sup>=</sup> distribution of 86% among hydrocarbons at CO conversion of 14% was reached when Zn/Cr=1.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20olefins" title="light olefins">light olefins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OX-ZEO" title=" OX-ZEO"> OX-ZEO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syngas" title=" Syngas"> Syngas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnCrO%E2%82%93" title=" ZnCrOₓ"> ZnCrOₓ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93131/impact-of-zncr-ratio-on-zncrox-sapo-34-bifunctional-catalyst-for-direct-conversion-of-syngas-to-light-olefins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1339</span> Role of NaOH in the Synthesis of Waste-derived Solid Hydroxy Sodalite Catalyst for the Transesterification of Waste Animal Fat to Biodiesel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Chinedu%20Aniokete">Thomas Chinedu Aniokete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordian%20Onyebuchukwu%20Mbah"> Gordian Onyebuchukwu Mbah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Daramola"> Michael Daramola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sustainable NaOH integrated hydrothermal protocol was developed for the synthesis of waste-derived hydroxy sodalite catalysts for transesterification of waste animal fat (WAF) with a high per cent free fatty acid (FFA) to biodiesel. In this work, hydroxy sodalite catalyst was synthesized from two complex waste materials namely coal fly ash (CFA) and waste industrial brine (WIB). Measured amounts of South African CFA and WIB obtained from a coal mine field were mixed with NaOH solution at different concentrations contained in secured glass vessels equipped with magnetic stirrers and formed consistent slurries after aging condition at 47 oC for 48 h. The slurries were then subjected to hydrothermal treatments at 140 oC for 48 h, washed thoroughly and separated by the action of a centrifuge on the mixture. The resulting catalysts were calcined in a muffle furnace for 2 h at 200 oC and subsequently characterized for different effects using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Bennett Emmet Teller (BET) adsorption-desorption techniques. The produced animal fat methyl ester (AFME) was analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Results of the investigation indicate profoundly an enhanced catalyst purity, textural property and desired morphology due to the action of NaOH. Similarly, the performance evaluation with respect to catalyst activity reveals a high catalytic conversion efficiency of 98 % of the high FFA WAF to biodiesel under the following reaction conditions; a methanol-to-WAF ratio of 15:1, amount of SOD catalyst of 3 wt % with a stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, a reaction temperature of 60 oC and a reaction time of 8 h. There was a recovered 96 % stable catalyst after reactions and potentially recyclable, thus contributing to the economic savings to the process that had been a major bottleneck to the production of biodiesel. This NaOH route for synthesizing waste-derived hydroxy sodalite (SOD) catalyst is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that speaks directly to the global quest for renewable-fossil fuel controversy enforcing sustainable development goal 7. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20fly%20ash" title="coal fly ash">coal fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20industrial%20brine" title=" waste industrial brine"> waste industrial brine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste-derived%20hydroxy%20sodalite%20catalyst" title=" waste-derived hydroxy sodalite catalyst"> waste-derived hydroxy sodalite catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hydroxide" title=" sodium hydroxide"> sodium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20conversion" title=" biomass conversion"> biomass conversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171817/role-of-naoh-in-the-synthesis-of-waste-derived-solid-hydroxy-sodalite-catalyst-for-the-transesterification-of-waste-animal-fat-to-biodiesel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1338</span> Preparation and Characterization of Modified ZnO Incorporated into Mesoporous MCM-22 Catalysts and Their Catalytic Performances of Crude Jatropha Oil to Biodiesel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20Abubakar%20Abdulkadir">Bashir Abubakar Abdulkadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Ramli"> Anita Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Jun%20Wei"> Lim Jun Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshimitsu%20Uemura"> Yoshimitsu Uemura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the ZnO/MCM-22 catalyst with different ZnO loading were prepared using conventional wet impregnation process and the catalyst activity was tested for biodiesel production from Jatropha oil. The effects of reaction parameters with regards to catalyst activity were investigated. The synthesized catalysts samples were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystal phase, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) for surface area, pore volume and pore size, Field Emission Scanning electron microscope attached to energy dispersive x-ray (FESEM/EDX) for morphology and elemental composition and TPD (NH3 and CO2) for basic and acidic properties of the catalyst. The XRD spectra couple with the EDX result shows the presence of ZnO in the catalyst confirming the positive intercalation of the metal oxide into the mesoporous MCM-22. The synthesized catalyst was confirmed to be mesoporous according to BET findings. Also, the catalysts can be considered as a bifunctional catalyst based on TPD outcomes. Transesterification results showed that the synthesized catalyst was highly efficient and effective to be used for biodiesel production from low grade oil such as Jatropha oil and other industrial application where the high fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) yield was achieved at moderate reaction conditions. It was also discovered that the catalyst can be used more than five (5) runs with little deactivation confirming the catalyst to be highly active and stable to the heat of reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCM-22" title="MCM-22">MCM-22</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80401/preparation-and-characterization-of-modified-zno-incorporated-into-mesoporous-mcm-22-catalysts-and-their-catalytic-performances-of-crude-jatropha-oil-to-biodiesel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1337</span> Experimental Study of CO2 Absorption in Different Blend Solutions as Solvent for CO2 Capture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouzbeh%20Ramezani">Rouzbeh Ramezani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renzo%20Di%20Felice"> Renzo Di Felice</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, removal of CO<sub>2</sub> as one of the major contributors to global warming using alternative solvents with high CO<sub>2</sub> absorption efficiency, is an important industrial operation. In this study, three amines, including 2-methylpiperazine, potassium sarcosinate and potassium lysinate as potential additives, were added to the potassium carbonate solution as a base solvent for CO<sub>2</sub> capture. In order to study the absorption performance of CO<sub>2</sub> in terms of loading capacity of CO<sub>2</sub> and absorption rate, the absorption experiments in a blend of additives with potassium carbonate were carried out using the vapor-liquid equilibrium apparatus at a temperature of 313.15 K, CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressures ranging from 0 to 50 kPa and at mole fractions 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. Furthermore, the performance of CO<sub>2</sub> absorption in these blend solutions was compared with pure monoethanolamine and with pure potassium carbonate. Finally, a correlation with good accuracy was developed using the nonlinear regression analysis in order to predict CO<sub>2</sub> loading capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20rate" title="absorption rate">absorption rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20capture" title=" CO2 capture"> CO2 capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming"> global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading%20capacity" title=" loading capacity"> loading capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68900/experimental-study-of-co2-absorption-in-different-blend-solutions-as-solvent-for-co2-capture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1336</span> Application and Regeneration of CuMnCeO Catalyst Supporting K₂CO₃ Sorbent Adapted to CO Oxidation and CO₂ Absorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Lin">Jin Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shouxiang%20Lu"> Shouxiang Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Meow%20Liew"> Kim Meow Liew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The requirement for the long-term mission of the submarine and spacecraft has made the removal of CO₂ and trace CO the critical technology to ensure the health and life of the crews. In this work, CuMnCe, a metal oxide catalyst, supporting K₂CO₃ sorbent was prepared by the wet-solid state impregnation method to realize the integrated CO and CO₂ removal, which might also reduce the volume/mass load of the purification units in the limited space. The as-prepared samples with different addition amount of K₂CO₃ were tested using the fixed bed reactor to reveal the CO oxidation and CO₂ absorption behavior. And the regeneration and stability experiments were also conducted. The results showed that the samples realized the catalyst and sorbent integration to capture CO and CO₂ at the same time. The addition amount of the sorbent had a weak influence on the CO oxidation performance. While the addition amount affected the CO₂ sorption efficiency and capacity significantly. Meanwhile, the presence of water vapor could reduce the CO oxidation activity of the samples similarly, whether with K2CO3 sorbent addition or not. Furtherly, regeneration and stability experiment results showed that the samples after 3-5 times regeneration exhibited almost the same performance of CO and CO₂ removal. Summarily, CuMnCe catalyst supporting K₂CO₃ sorbent could be a good attempt to control CO and CO₂ pollutants generated from the daily equipment running and staff breathing in the confined space such as submarine and spacecraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%20oxidation" title="CO oxidation">CO oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20absorptio" title=" CO₂ absorptio"> CO₂ absorptio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20carbonate" title=" potassium carbonate"> potassium carbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuMnCe%20metal%20oxide" title=" CuMnCe metal oxide"> CuMnCe metal oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20space" title=" confined space"> confined space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114912/application-and-regeneration-of-cumnceo-catalyst-supporting-k2co3-sorbent-adapted-to-co-oxidation-and-co2-absorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1335</span> Determination of Nanomolar Mercury (II) by Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Carbon Zinc/Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide – 3 (4-Methoxyphenyl) Propionate Nanocomposite Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20Md%20Isa">Illyas Md Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharifah%20Norain%20Mohd%20Sharif"> Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Hashima"> Norhayati Hashima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mercury(II) sensor was developed by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) paste electrode modified with Zn/Al layered double hydroxide-3(4-methoxyphenyl)propionate nanocomposite (Zn/Al-HMPP). The optimum conditions by cyclic voltammetry were observed at electrode composition 2.5% (w/w) of Zn/Al-HMPP/MWCNTs, 0.4 M potassium chloride, pH 4.0, and scan rate of 100 mVs-1. The sensor exhibited wide linear range from 1x10-3 M to 1x10-7 M Hg2+ and 1x10-7 M to 1x10-9 M Hg2+, with a detection limit of 1x10-10 M Hg2+. The high sensitivity of the proposed electrode towards Hg(II) was confirmed by double potential-step chronocoulometry which indicated these values; diffusion coefficient 1.5445 x 10-9 cm2 s-1, surface charge 524.5 µC s-½ and surface coverage 4.41 x 10-2 mol cm-2. The presence of 25-fold concentration of most metal ions had no influence on the anodic peak current. With characteristics such as high sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability the electrode was then proposed as the appropriate alternative for the determination of mercury(II). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20voltammetry" title="cyclic voltammetry">cyclic voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%28II%29" title=" mercury(II)"> mercury(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20carbon%20paste%20electrode" title=" modified carbon paste electrode"> modified carbon paste electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite "> nanocomposite </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15881/determination-of-nanomolar-mercury-ii-by-using-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-modified-carbon-zincaluminum-layered-double-hydroxide-3-4-methoxyphenyl-propionate-nanocomposite-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1334</span> Oxidation Activity of Platinum-Ruthenium-Tin Ternary Alloy Catalyst on Bio-Alcohol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Ya%20Lo">An-Ya Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Chen%20Chung"> Yi-Chen Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Chi%20Hsu"> Yun-Chi Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuan-Ming%20Tseng"> Chuan-Ming Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiu-Yue%20Lin"> Chiu-Yue Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the ternary alloy catalyst Pt20RuxSny (where 20, x, y represent mass fractions of Pt, Ru, and Sn, respectively) was optimized for the preliminary study of bio-ethanol fuel cells (BAFC). The morphology, microstructure, composition, phase-structures, and electrochemical properties of Pt20RuxSny catalyst were examined by SEM, TEM, EDS-mapping, XRD, and potentiostat. The effect of Sn content on electrochemical active surface (EAS) and oxidation activity were discussed. As a result, the additional Sn greatly improves the efficiency of Pt20RuxSny, either x=0 or 10. Through discussing the difference between ethanol and glycol oxidations, the mechanism of tolerance against poisoning has been proved. Overall speaking, the catalytic activity are in the order of Pt20RuxSny > Pt20Rux > Pt20Sny in both ethanol and glycol systems. Finally, Pt20Ru10Sn15 catalyst was successfully applied to demonstrate the feasibility of using bio-alcohol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pt-Sn%20alloy%20catalyst" title="Pt-Sn alloy catalyst">Pt-Sn alloy catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pt-Ru-Sn%20alloy%20catalyst" title=" Pt-Ru-Sn alloy catalyst"> Pt-Ru-Sn alloy catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20glycol" title=" ethylene glycol"> ethylene glycol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54818/oxidation-activity-of-platinum-ruthenium-tin-ternary-alloy-catalyst-on-bio-alcohol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1333</span> Synthesis of α-Diimin Nickel(II) Catalyst Supported on Graphene and Graphene Oxide for Ethylene Slurry Polymerization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrji%20Khosravan">Mehrji Khosravan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Fathali-Sianib"> Mostafa Fathali-Sianib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davood%20Soudbar"> Davood Soudbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasan%20Talebnezhad"> Sasan Talebnezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad-Reza%20Ebrahimi"> Mohammad-Reza Ebrahimi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The late transition metal catalyst of the end group of transition metals in the periodic table as Ni, Fe, Co, and Pd was grown up rapidly in polyolefin industries recently. These metals with suitable ligands exhibited special characteristic properties and appropriate activities in the production of polyolefins. The ligand 1,4-bis (2,6-diisopropyl phenyl) acenaphthene was synthesized by reaction of 2,6-diisopropyl aniline and acenaphthenequinone. The ligand was added to nickel (II) dibromide salt for synthesis the 1,4-bis (2,6 diisopropylphenyl) acenaphthene nickel (II) dibromide catalyst. The structure of the ligand characterized by IR technique. The catalyst then deposited on graphene and graphene oxide by vander walss-attachment for use in Ethylene slurry polymerization process in the presence of catalyst activator such as methylaluminoxane (MAO) in hexane solvent. The structure of the catalyst characterized by IR and TEM techniques and some of the polymers were characterized by DSC. The highest activity was achieved at 600 C for catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-diimine%20nickel%20%28II%29%20complex" title="α-diimine nickel (II) complex">α-diimine nickel (II) complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20as%20supported%20catalyst" title=" graphene as supported catalyst"> graphene as supported catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=late%20transition%20metal" title=" late transition metal"> late transition metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20polymerization" title=" ethylene polymerization"> ethylene polymerization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22317/synthesis-of-a-diimin-nickelii-catalyst-supported-on-graphene-and-graphene-oxide-for-ethylene-slurry-polymerization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1332</span> Determination of Nanomolar Mercury (II) by Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Carbon Zinc/Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide-3(4-Methoxyphenyl) Propionate Nanocomposite Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20Md%20Isa">Illyas Md Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharifah%20Norain%20Mohd%20Sharif"> Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Hashim"> Norhayati Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mercury(II) sensor was developed by using multi-walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs) paste electrode modified with Zn/Al layered double hydroxide-3(4-methoxyphenyl) propionate nano composite (Zn/Al-HMPP). The optimum conditions by cyclic voltammetry were observed at electrode composition 2.5% (w/w) of Zn/Al-HMPP/MWCNTs, 0.4 M potassium chloride, pH 4.0, and scan rate of 100 mVs-1. The sensor exhibited wide linear range from 1x10-3 M to 1x10-7 M Hg2+ and 1x10-7 M to 1x10-9 M Hg2+, with a detection limit of 1 x 10-10 M Hg2+. The high sensitivity of the proposed electrode towards Hg(II) was confirmed by double potential-step chronocoulometry which indicated these values; diffusion coefficient 1.5445 x 10-9 cm2 s-1, surface charge 524.5 µC s-½ and surface coverage 4.41 x 10-2 mol cm-2. The presence of 25-fold concentration of most metal ions had no influence on the anodic peak current. With characteristics such as high sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability the electrode was then proposed as the appropriate alternative for the determination of mercury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyclic%20voltammetry" title="Cyclic voltammetry">Cyclic voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mercury%28II%29" title=" Mercury(II)"> Mercury(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modified%20carbon%20paste%20electrode" title=" Modified carbon paste electrode"> Modified carbon paste electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanocomposite" title=" Nanocomposite"> Nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23508/determination-of-nanomolar-mercury-ii-by-using-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-modified-carbon-zincaluminum-layered-double-hydroxide-34-methoxyphenyl-propionate-nanocomposite-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1331</span> Cellulose Supported Heterogeneous Pd(II) Catalyst for Synthesis of Biaryls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talat%20Baran">Talat Baran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Suzuki C(sp2)-C(sp2) coupling reaction is considered to be one of the best ways for the synthesis of biaryl compounds. There are many studies reporting the catalytic performance of palladium catalyst in Suzuki coupling reactions. Natural biopolymer (such as zeolite, carbon, silica, and chitosan) supporting catalysts have been lately attracted interest because of their low-cost, nontoxicity, and eco-friendliness. One of the most important natural biopolymer is cellulose, which is widely considered as an eco-friendly biopolymer due to its biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable nature. In this study, (1) cellulose supported Pd(II) catalyst was synthesized (2) its chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR, SEM/EDAX, XRD, TG-DTG, ICP-OES techniques (3) to investigate the performance of the catalyst in Suzuki coupling reactions by using microwave irradiation technique (4) reusability of the catalyst was done under optimum conditions. This cellulose supported Pd(II) catalyst exhibited high selectivity and efficiency in Suzuki coupling reactions under mild conditions (50°C). High TON and TOF values were recorded for the catalyst. Also, the reusability tests showed the catalysts could be used for several times in consequence of reusability tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palladium" title="palladium">palladium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schiff%20base" title=" Schiff base"> Schiff base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reusability" title=" reusability"> reusability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54022/cellulose-supported-heterogeneous-pdii-catalyst-for-synthesis-of-biaryls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1330</span> The Effect of Ni/Dolomite Catalyst for Production of Hydrogen from NaBH₄</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20Kiren">Burcu Kiren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alattin%20CAkan"> Alattin CAkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nezihe%20Ayas"> Nezihe Ayas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen will be arguably the best fuel in the future as it is the most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogen, as a fuel, is notably environmentally benign, sustainable and has high energy content compared to other sources of energy. It can be generated from both conventional and renewable sources. The hydrolysis reaction of metal hydrides provides an option for hydrogen production in the presence of a catalyst. In this study, Ni/dolomite catalyst was synthesized by the wet impregnation method for hydrogen production by hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Besides, the synthesized catalysts characterizations were examined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer –Emmett – Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of reaction temperature (25-75 °C), reaction time (15-60 min.), amount of catalyst (50-250 mg) and active metal loading ratio (20,30,40 wt.%) were investigated. The catalyst prepared with 30 wt.% Ni was noted as the most suitable catalyst, achieving of 35.18% H₂ and hydrogen production rate of 19.23 mL/gcat.min at 25 °C at reaction conditions of 5 mL of 0.25 M NaOH and 100 mg NaBH₄, 100 mg Ni/dolomite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20borohydride" title="sodium borohydride">sodium borohydride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrolysis" title=" hydrolysis"> hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%2Fdolomite" title=" Ni/dolomite"> Ni/dolomite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128593/the-effect-of-nidolomite-catalyst-for-production-of-hydrogen-from-nabh4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1329</span> Study on the Controlled Growth of Lanthanum Hydroxide and Manganese Oxide Nano Composite under the Presence of Cationic Surfactant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Kumar%20Verma">Neeraj Kumar Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lanthanum hydroxide and manganese oxide nanocomposite are synthesized by chemical routes. Physical characterization is done by TEM to look at the size and dispersion of the nanoparticles in the composite. Chemical characterization is done by X-ray diffraction technique and FTIR to ascertain the attachment of the functionalities and bond stretching. Further thermal analysis is done by thermogravimetric analysis to find the tendency of the thermal decomposition in the elevated temperature range of 0-1000°C. Proper analysis and correlation of the various results obtained suggested the controlled growth of crystalline without agglomeration and good stability in the various temperature ranges of the composite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lanthanum%20hydroxide" title=" lanthanum hydroxide"> lanthanum hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganese%20oxide" title=" manganese oxide"> manganese oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25803/study-on-the-controlled-growth-of-lanthanum-hydroxide-and-manganese-oxide-nano-composite-under-the-presence-of-cationic-surfactant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1328</span> Dependence of Ionomer Loading on the Hydrogen Generation Rate of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingjeng%20James%20Li">Yingjeng James Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20Chi%20Hsu"> Chih Chi Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiao-Chih%20Hu"> Chiao-Chih Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane electrode assemblies MEAs for proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolyzers were prepared by employing 175um perfluorosulfonic acid PFSA membranes as the PEM, onto which iridium oxide catalyst was coated on one side as the anode and platinum catalyst was coated on the other side as the cathode. The cathode catalyst ink was prepared so that the weight ratio of the catalyst powder to ionomer was 75:25, 70:30, 65:35, 60:40, and 55:45, respectively. Whereas, the ratio of catalyst powder to ionomer of the anode catalyst ink keeps constant at 50:50. All the MEAs have a catalyst coated area of 5cm*5cm. The test cell employs a platinum plated titanium grid as anode gas diffusion media; whereas, carbon paper was employed as the cathode gas diffusion media. The measurements of the MEA gases production rate were carried out by holding the cell voltage ranging from 1.6 to 2.8 volts at room temperature. It was found that the MEA with cathode catalyst to ionomer ratio of 65:35 gives the largest hydrogen production rate which is 2.8mL/cm2*min. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolyzer" title="electrolyzer">electrolyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20electrode%20assembly" title=" membrane electrode assembly"> membrane electrode assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane" title=" proton exchange membrane"> proton exchange membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionomer" title=" ionomer"> ionomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72426/dependence-of-ionomer-loading-on-the-hydrogen-generation-rate-of-a-proton-exchange-membrane-electrolyzer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1327</span> Waste Bone Based Catalyst: Characterization and Esterification Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Keshav">Amit Keshav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste bone, produced in large quantity (8-10 kg./day) from a slaughterhouse, could be a cheap (cost $0.20 per kg) substitute for commercial catalysts. In the present work, catalyst for esterification reaction was prepared from waste bone and characterized by various techniques. Bone was deoiled and then sulfonated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of prepared catalyst predicted –OH vibration at 3416 and 1630 cm⁻¹, S-O stretching at 1124 cm⁻¹ and intense bands of hydroxypatite in a region between 500 and 700 cm⁻¹. X-ray diffraction (XRD) predicts peaks of hydroxyapatite, CaO, and tricalcium phosphate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to reveal the presence of non-uniformity deposited fine particles on the catalyst surface that represents active acidic sites. The prepared catalyst was employed to study its performance on esterification reaction between acrylic acid and ethanol in a molar ratio of 1:1 at a set temperature of 60 °C. Results show an equilibrium conversion of 49% which is matched to the commercial catalysts employed in literature. Thus waste bone could be a good catalyst for acrylic acid removal from waste industrial streams via the process of esterification.Keywords— Heterogeneous catalyst, characterization, esterification, equilibrium conversion <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20catalyst" title="heterogeneous catalyst">heterogeneous catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20conversion" title=" equilibrium conversion"> equilibrium conversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112071/waste-bone-based-catalyst-characterization-and-esterification-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1326</span> Fluoride as Obturating Material in Primary Teeth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Ameer%20Haider%20Jafri">Syed Ameer Haider Jafri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary goal of a root canal treatment in deciduous teeth is to eliminate infection and to retain the tooth in a functional state until it gets physiologically exfoliated and replaced by permanent successor. Important requisite of a root canal filling material for primary teeth is that, it should resorb at a similar rate as the roots of primary tooth, be harmless to the periapical tissue and to the permanent tooth germ, resorb readily if pushed beyond the apex, be antiseptic, radio-opaque, should not shrink, adhere to the walls, not discolor the tooth and easy to fill & remove, if required at any stage. Presently available, commonly used obturating materials for primary teeth are zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide and iodoform based pastes. None of these materials so far meet the ideal requirement of root canal filling material. So in search of ideal obturating material, this study was planed, in which mixture of calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide & sodium fluoride and mixture of calcium hydroxide & sodium fluoride was compared clinically and radiographically with calcium hydroxide for the obturation of root canals of 75 carious exposed primary mandibular second molars of 59 children aged 4-9 years. All the three material shows good results, but after a follow-up of 9 months mixture of calcium hydroxide, two percent sodium fluoride & zinc oxide powder closely follow the resorption of root, mixture of calcium hydroxide, two percent sodium fluoride follow resorption of root in the beginning but later on majority of cases shows faster resorption whereas calcium hydroxide starts depleting from the canal from the beginning even as early as 3 months. Thus mixture of calcium hydroxide, two percent sodium fluoride & zinc oxide found to be best obturaring material for primary tooth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obturating%20material" title="obturating material">obturating material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20teeth" title=" primary teeth"> primary teeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20canal%20treatment" title=" root canal treatment"> root canal treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=success%20rate" title=" success rate"> success rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58937/fluoride-as-obturating-material-in-primary-teeth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1325</span> Depletion Behavior of Potassium by Continuous Cropping Using Rice as a Test Crop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafeza%20Begum">Rafeza Begum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mokhlesur%20Rahman"> Mohammad Mokhlesur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safikul%20Moula"> Safikul Moula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiqul%20Islam"> Rafiqul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potassium (K) is crucial for healthy soil and plant growth. However, K fertilization is either disregarded or poorly underutilized in Bangladesh agriculture, despite the great demand for crops. This could eventually result in a significant depletion of the soil's potassium reserves, irreversible alteration of the minerals that contain potassium, and detrimental effects on crop productivity. Soil K mining in Bangladesh is a worrying problem, and we need to evaluate it thoroughly and find remedies. A pot culture experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) using eleven soil series of Bangladesh in order to see the depletion behaviour of potassium (K) by continuous cropping using rice (var. Iratom-24) as the test crop. The soil series were Ranishankhail, Kaonia. Sonatala, Silmondi, Gopalpur, Ishurdi, Sara, Kongsha, Nunni, Lauta and Amnura on which four successive rice plants (45 days duration) were raised with (100 ppm K) or without addition of potassium. Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and zinc were applied as basal to all pots. Potassium application resulted in higher dry matter yield, increased K concentration and uptake in all the soils compared with no K treatment; which gradually decreased in the subsequent harvests. Furthermore, plant takes up K not only from exchangeable pool but also from non-exchangeable sites and a minimum replenishment of K from the soil reserve was observed. Continuous cropping has resulted in the depletion of available K of the soil. The result indicated that in order to sustain higher crop yield under intensive cultivation, the addition of potash fertilizer is necessary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium" title="potassium">potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchangeable%20pool" title=" exchangeable pool"> exchangeable pool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depletion%20behavior." title=" depletion behavior."> depletion behavior.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soil%20series" title=" Soil series"> Soil series</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168210/depletion-behavior-of-potassium-by-continuous-cropping-using-rice-as-a-test-crop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1324</span> Numerical Modeling and Prediction of Nanoscale Transport Phenomena in Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Catalyst Layers by the Lattice Boltzmann Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungho%20Shin">Seungho Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keunwoo%20Choi"> Keunwoo Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar"> Ali Akbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukkee%20Um"> Sukkee Um</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the nanoscale transport properties and catalyst utilization of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) catalyst layers are computationally predicted by the three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulation based on the quasi-random nanostructural model in pursuance of fuel cell catalyst performance improvement. A series of catalyst layers are randomly generated with statistical significance at the 95% confidence level to reflect the heterogeneity of the catalyst layer nanostructures. The nanoscale gas transport phenomena inside the catalyst layers are simulated by the D3Q19 (i.e., three-dimensional, 19 velocities) lattice Boltzmann method, and the corresponding mass transport characteristics are mathematically modeled in terms of structural properties. Considering the nanoscale reactant transport phenomena, a transport-based effective catalyst utilization factor is defined and statistically analyzed to determine the structure-transport influence on catalyst utilization. The tortuosity of the reactant mass transport path of VACNT catalyst layers is directly calculated from the streaklines. Subsequently, the corresponding effective mass diffusion coefficient is statistically predicted by applying the pre-estimated tortuosity factors to the Knudsen diffusion coefficient in the VACNT catalyst layers. The statistical estimation results clearly indicate that the morphological structures of VACNT catalyst layers reduce the tortuosity of reactant mass transport path when compared to conventional catalyst layer and significantly improve consequential effective mass diffusion coefficient of VACNT catalyst layer. Furthermore, catalyst utilization of the VACNT catalyst layer is substantially improved by enhanced mass diffusion and electric current paths despite the relatively poor interconnections of the ion transport paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="Lattice Boltzmann method">Lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20transport%20phenomena" title=" nano transport phenomena"> nano transport phenomena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20electrolyte%20fuel%20cells" title=" polymer electrolyte fuel cells"> polymer electrolyte fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertically%20aligned%20carbon%20nanotube" title=" vertically aligned carbon nanotube"> vertically aligned carbon nanotube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98114/numerical-modeling-and-prediction-of-nanoscale-transport-phenomena-in-vertically-aligned-carbon-nanotube-catalyst-layers-by-the-lattice-boltzmann-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1323</span> Synthesis of Antifungal by the Use of Green Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmeliani%20M%E2%80%99Hammed">Elmeliani M’Hammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work is carried out for the synthesis of antifungal effective against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, Albedinis (Foa), the causative agent of bayoud, dates palm disease, through the use of raw clay as a green catalyst. The Aza-Michael reaction of amine addition to α, β-unsaturated alkene was carried out using the crude clay as a green catalyst to synthesize the antifungal agent bayoud. The reaction was carried out under favorable conditions, ambient temperature, without solvent, and a green catalyst "loves the environment" that the product that was synthesized gave us a high yield and excellent chemo selectivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raw%20clay" title="raw clay">raw clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amines" title=" amines"> amines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkenes" title=" alkenes"> alkenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title=" antifungal"> antifungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bayoud" title=" bayoud"> bayoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palms" title=" date palms"> date palms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171504/synthesis-of-antifungal-by-the-use-of-green-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1322</span> Integrated Two Stage Processing of Biomass Conversion to Hydroxymethylfurfural Esters Using Ionic Liquid as Green Solvent and Catalyst: Synthesis of Mono Esters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Kumar">Komal Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sreedevi%20Upadhyayula"> Sreedevi Upadhyayula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a two-stage process was established for the synthesis of HMF esters using ionic liquid acid catalyst. Ionic liquid catalyst with different strength of the Bronsted acidity was prepared in the laboratory and characterized using 1H NMR, FT-IR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Solid acid catalyst from the ionic liquid catalyst was prepared using the immobilization method. The acidity of the synthesized acid catalyst was measured using Hammett function and titration method. Catalytic performance was evaluated for the biomass conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)-water biphasic system. A good yield of 5-HMF and LA was found at the different composition of MIBK: Water. In the case of MIBK: Water ratio 10:1, good yield of 5-HMF was observed at ambient temperature 150˚C. Upgrading of 5-HMF into monoesters from the reaction of 5-HMF and reactants using biomass-derived monoacid were performed. Ionic liquid catalyst with -SO₃H functional group was found to be best efficient in comparative of a solid acid catalyst for the esterification reaction and biomass conversion. A good yield of 5-HMF esters with high 5-HMF conversion was found to be at 105˚C using the best active catalyst. In this process, process A was the hydrothermal conversion of cellulose and monomer into 5-HMF and LA using acid catalyst. And the process B was the esterification followed by using similar acid catalyst. All monoesters of 5-HMF synthesized here can be used in chemical, cross linker for adhesive or coatings and pharmaceutical industry. A theoretical density functional theory (DFT) study for the optimization of the ionic liquid structure was performed using the Gaussian 09 program to find out the minimum energy configuration of ionic liquid catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20conversion" title="biomass conversion">biomass conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-HMF" title=" 5-HMF"> 5-HMF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ionic%20liquid" title=" Ionic liquid"> Ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMF%20ester" title=" HMF ester"> HMF ester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103568/integrated-two-stage-processing-of-biomass-conversion-to-hydroxymethylfurfural-esters-using-ionic-liquid-as-green-solvent-and-catalyst-synthesis-of-mono-esters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1321</span> Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat Using Trans-Esterification Process with Zeolite as a Solid Catalyst to Improve the Efficiency of Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinda%20A.%20Utami">Dinda A. Utami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20N.%20Alfarizi"> Muhammad N. Alfarizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of zeolite catalyst for the trans- esterification reaction in biodiesel production from animal fat. The ability of the zeolite as a catalyst is determined by the structure and composition of the zeolite. An important factor that determines the properties of zeolites in catalysis includes adsorption capability to the compound of the reactants. Zeolites with a pore size of specific properties selectively adsorbing molecules. A molecule can be adsorbed by either the zeolite cavities if the size and shape of the molecule in accordance with the size and shape of the cavity in the zeolite. At this time, it is common to use homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel. We know these catalysts have some disadvantages in its use. Such as the difficulty of separation of the product with the catalyst, the generation of waste that is harmful to the environment due to residual catalysts can’t be reused, and the difficulty of handling and storage. But nowadays, solid catalyst developed technically to improve the efficiency of biodiesel production. In this case of study, we used trans-esterification process wherein the triglyceride is reacted with an alcohol with zeolite as a solid catalyst and it will produce biodiesel and glycerol as a byproduct. Development of solid catalyst seems to be the perfect solution to address the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20fat" title=" animal fat"> animal fat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans%20esterification" title=" trans esterification"> trans esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20catalyst" title=" zeolite catalyst"> zeolite catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59341/biodiesel-production-from-animal-fat-using-trans-esterification-process-with-zeolite-as-a-solid-catalyst-to-improve-the-efficiency-of-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1320</span> Investigation on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Cobalt-Gadolinium Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Huang">Jian Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weixin%20Qian"> Weixin Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitao%20Zhang"> Haitao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyong%20Ying"> Weiyong Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cobalt-gadolinium catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was prepared by impregnation method with commercial silica gel, and its texture properties were characterized by BET, XRD, and TPR. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was tested in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed that the addition of gadolinium to the cobalt catalyst might decrease the size of cobalt particles, and increased the dispersion of catalytic active cobalt phases. The carbon number distributions for the catalysts was calculated by ASF equation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fischer-Tropsch%20synthesis" title="Fischer-Tropsch synthesis">Fischer-Tropsch synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt-based%20catalysts" title=" cobalt-based catalysts"> cobalt-based catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gadolinium" title=" gadolinium"> gadolinium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20number%20distributions" title=" carbon number distributions"> carbon number distributions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48437/investigation-on-fischer-tropsch-synthesis-over-cobalt-gadolinium-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1319</span> Direct Conversion of Crude Oils into Petrochemicals under High Severity Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anaam%20H.%20Al-ShaikhAli">Anaam H. Al-ShaikhAli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20A.%20Al-Herz"> Mansour A. Al-Herz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research leverages the proven HS-FCC technology to directly crack crude oils into petrochemical building blocks. Crude oils were subjected to an optimized hydro-processing process where metal contaminants and sulfur were reduced to an acceptable level for feeding the crudes into the HS-FCC technology. The hydro-processing is achieved through a fixed-bed reactor which is composed of 3 layers of catalysts. The crude oil is passed through a dementalization catalyst followed by a desulfurization catalyst and finally a de-aromatization catalyst. The hydroprocessing was conducted at an optimized liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), temperature, and pressure for an optimal reduction of metals and sulfur from the crudes. The hydro-processed crudes were then fed into a micro activity testing (MAT) unit to simulate the HS-FCC technology. The catalytic cracking of crude oils was conducted over tailored catalyst formulations under an optimized catalyst/oil ratio and cracking temperature for optimal production of total light olefins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrochemical" title="petrochemical">petrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20cracking" title=" catalytic cracking"> catalytic cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst%20synthesis" title=" catalyst synthesis"> catalyst synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HS-FCC%20technology" title=" HS-FCC technology"> HS-FCC technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167542/direct-conversion-of-crude-oils-into-petrochemicals-under-high-severity-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1318</span> A Sensitive Uric Acid Electrochemical Sensing in Biofluids Based on Ni/Zn Hydroxide Nanocatalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathalia%20Florencia%20Barros%20Azeredo">Nathalia Florencia Barros Azeredo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josu%C3%A9%20%20Martins%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Josué Martins Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pamela%20%20De%20Oliveira%20Rossini"> Pamela De Oliveira Rossini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koiti%20Araki"> Koiti Araki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucio%20%20Angnes"> Lucio Angnes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work demonstrates the electroanalysis of uric acid (UA) at very low working potential (0 V vs Ag/AgCl) directly in body fluids such as saliva and sweat using electrodes modified with mixed -Ni0.75Zn0.25(OH)2 nanoparticles exhibiting stable electrocatalytic responses from alkaline down to weakly acidic media (pH 14 to 3 range). These materials were prepared for the first time and fully characterized by TEM, XRD, and spectroscopic techniques. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were evaluated in a fast and simple procedure for uric acid analyses based on cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, pushing down the detection and quantification limits (respectively of 2.3*10-8 and 7.6*10-8 mol L-1) with good repeatability (RSD = 3.2% for 30 successive analyses pH 14). Finally, the possibility of real application was demonstrated upon realization of unexpectedly robust and sensitive modified FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide) glass and screen-printed sensors for measurement of uric acid directly in real saliva and sweat samples, with no significant interference of usual concentrations of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, lactate and glucose present in those body fluids (Fig. 1). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20hydroxide" title="nickel hydroxide">nickel hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20catalyst" title=" mixed catalyst"> mixed catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uric%20acid%20sensors" title=" uric acid sensors"> uric acid sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofluids" title=" biofluids"> biofluids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121329/a-sensitive-uric-acid-electrochemical-sensing-in-biofluids-based-on-nizn-hydroxide-nanocatalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1317</span> Development of Soil Test Kits to Determine Organic Matter Available Phosphorus and Exchangeable Potassium in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charirat%20Kusonwiriyawong">Charirat Kusonwiriyawong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supha%20Photichan"> Supha Photichan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wannarut%20Chutibutr"> Wannarut Chutibutr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil test kits for rapid analysis of the organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were developed to drive a low-cost field testing kit to farmers. The objective was to provide a decision tool for improving soil fertility. One aspect of soil test kit development was ease of use which is a time requirement for completing organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium test in one soil sample. This testing kit required only two extractions and utilized no filtration consuming approximately 15 minutes per sample. Organic matter was principally created by oxidizing carbon KMnO₄ using the standard color chart. In addition, modified single extractant (Mehlich I) was applied to extract available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Molybdenum blue method and turbidimetric method using standard color chart were adapted to analyze available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, respectively. Modified single extractant using in soil test kits were highly significant matching with analytical laboratory results (r=0.959** and 0.945** for available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, respectively). Linear regressions were statistically calculated between modified single extractant and standard laboratory analysis (y=0.9581x-12.973 for available phosphorus and y=0.5372x+15.283 for exchangeable potassium, respectively). These equations were calibrated to formulate a fertilizer rate recommendation for specific corps. To validate quality, soil test kits were distributed to farmers and extension workers. We found that the accuracy of soil test kits were 71.0%, 63.9% and 65.5% for organic matter, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium, respectively. The quantitative survey was also conducted in order to assess their satisfaction with soil test kits. The survey showed that more than 85% of respondents said these testing kits were more convenient, economical and reliable than the other commercial soil test kits. Based upon the finding of this study, soil test kits can be another alternative for providing soil analysis and fertility recommendations when a soil testing laboratory is not available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=available%20phosphorus" title="available phosphorus">available phosphorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchangeable%20potassium" title=" exchangeable potassium"> exchangeable potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20single%20extractant" title=" modified single extractant"> modified single extractant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20matter" title=" organic matter"> organic matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20test%20kits" title=" soil test kits"> soil test kits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98706/development-of-soil-test-kits-to-determine-organic-matter-available-phosphorus-and-exchangeable-potassium-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1316</span> Alginate Wrapped NiO-ZnO Nanocomposites-Based Catalyst for the Reduction of Methylene Blue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Adam%20Abakar">Mohamed A. Adam Abakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20M.%20Asiri"> Abdullah M. Asiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sher%20Bahadar%20Khan"> Sher Bahadar Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, nickel oxide-zinc oxide (NiO-ZnO) catalyst was embedded in an alginate polymer (Na alg/NiO-ZnO), a nanocomposite that was used as a nano-catalyst for catalytic conversion of deleterious contaminants such as organic dyes (Acridine Orange “ArO”, Methylene Blue “MB”, Methyl Orange “MO”) and 4-Nitrophenol “4-NP” as well. FESEM, EDS, FTIR and XRD techniques were used to identify the shape and structure of the nano-catalyst (Na alg/NiO-ZnO). UV spectrophotometry is used to collect the results and it showed greater and faster reduction rate for MB (illustrated in figures 2, 3, 4 and 5). Data recorded and processed, drawing and analysis of graphs achieved by using Origin 2018. Reduction percentage of MB was assessed to be 95.25 % in just 13 minutes. Furthermore, the catalytic property of Na alg/NiO-ZnO in the reduction of organic dyes was investigated using various catalyst amounts, dye types, reaction times and reducing agent dosages at room temperature (rt). NaBH4-assisted reduction of organic dyes was studied using alg/NiO-ZnO as a potential catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alginate" title="Alginate">Alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxides" title=" metal oxides"> metal oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites-based" title=" nanocomposites-based"> nanocomposites-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysts" title=" catalysts"> catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction" title=" reduction"> reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169064/alginate-wrapped-nio-zno-nanocomposites-based-catalyst-for-the-reduction-of-methylene-blue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1315</span> Influence of MgO Physically Mixed with Tungsten Oxide Supported Silica Catalyst on Coke Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thidaya%20Thitiapichart">Thidaya Thitiapichart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of additional magnesium oxide (MgO) was investigated by using the tungsten oxide supported on silica catalyst (WOx/SiO2) physically mixed with MgO in a weight ratio 1:1. The both fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by FT-Raman spectrometer, UV-Vis spectrometer, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The results indicated that the additional MgO could enhance the conversion of trans-2-butene due to isomerization reaction. However, adding MgO would increase the amount of coke deposit on the WOx/SiO2 catalyst. The TPO profile presents two peaks when the WOx/SiO2 catalyst was physically mixed with MgO. The further peak was suggested to be coming from the coke precursor that could be produced by isomerization reaction of the undesired product. Then, the occurred coke precursor could deposit and form coke on the acid catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coke%20formation" title="coke formation">coke formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metathesis" title=" metathesis"> metathesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20oxide" title=" magnesium oxide"> magnesium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physically%20mix" title=" physically mix "> physically mix </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25495/influence-of-mgo-physically-mixed-with-tungsten-oxide-supported-silica-catalyst-on-coke-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1314</span> Fabrication of Biosensor Based on Layered Double Hydroxide/Polypyrrole/Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Anti-Hypertensive and Prostatic Hyperplasia Drug Terazosin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Hassanein">Amira M. Hassanein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehal%20A.%20Salahuddin"> Nehal A. Salahuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atsunori%20Matsuda"> Atsunori Matsuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Hattori"> Toshiaki Hattori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20N.%20Elfiky"> Mona N. Elfiky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New insights into the design of highly sensitive, carbon-based electrochemical sensors are presented in this work. This was achieved by exploring the interesting properties of conductive (Mg/Al) layered double hydroxide- Dodecyl Sulphate/Polypyrrole nanocomposites which were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole during the assembly of (Mg/Al) layered double hydroxide, and by employing the anionic surfactant Dodecyl sulphate as a modifier. The morphology and surface area of the nanocomposites changed with the percentage of Pyrrole. Under optimal conditions, the modified carbon paste electrode successfully achieved detection limits of 0.057 and 0.134 nmol.L-1 of Terazosin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human serum fluid, respectively. Moreover, the sensors are highly stable, reusable, and free from interference by other commonly present excipients in drug formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20double%20hydroxide" title="layered double hydroxide">layered double hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypyrrole" title=" polypyrrole"> polypyrrole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terazosin%20hydrochloride" title=" terazosin hydrochloride"> terazosin hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square-wave%20adsorptive%20anodic%20stripping%20voltammetry" title=" square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry"> square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79856/fabrication-of-biosensor-based-on-layered-double-hydroxidepolypyrrolecarbon-paste-electrode-for-determination-of-anti-hypertensive-and-prostatic-hyperplasia-drug-terazosin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1313</span> Production of Biodiesel Using Brine Waste as a Heterogeneous Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilary%20Rutto">Hilary Rutto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20Sibali"> Linda Sibali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In these modern times, we constantly search for new and innovative technologies to lift the burden of our extreme energy demand. The overall purpose of biofuel production research is to source an alternative energy source to replace the normal use of fossil fuel as liquid petroleum products. This experiment looks at the basis of biodiesel production with regards to alternative catalysts that can be used to produce biodiesel. The key factors that will be addressed during the experiments will focus on temperature variation, catalyst additions to the overall reaction, methanol to oil ratio, and the impact of agitation on the reaction. Brine samples sources from nearby plants will be evaluated and tested thoroughly and the key characteristics of these brine samples analysed for the verification of its use as a possible catalyst in biodiesel production. The one factor at a time experimental approach was used in this experiment, and the recycle and reuse characteristics of the heterogeneous catalyst was evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brine%20sludge" title="brine sludge">brine sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogenous%20catalyst" title=" heterogenous catalyst"> heterogenous catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one%20factor" title=" one factor "> one factor </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130829/production-of-biodiesel-using-brine-waste-as-a-heterogeneous-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1312</span> Methanation Catalyst for Low CO Concentration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong-Fang%20Ma">Hong-Fang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cong-yi%20He"> Cong-yi He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hai-Tao%20Zhang"> Hai-Tao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Yong%20Ying"> Wei-Yong Ying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding-Ye%20Fang"> Ding-Ye Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Ni-based catalyst supported by γ-Al2O3 was prepared by impregnation method, and the catalyst was used in a low CO and CO2 concentration methanation system. The effect of temperature, pressure and space velocity on the methanation reaction was investigated in an experimental fixed-bed reactor. The methanation reaction was operated at the conditions of 190-240°C, 3000-24000ml•g-1•h-1 and 1.5-3.5MPa. The results show that temperature and space velocity play important role on the reaction. With the increase of reaction temperature the CO and CO2 conversion increase and the selectivity of CH4 increase. And with the increase of the space velocity the conversion of CO and CO2 and the selectivity of CH4 decrease sharply. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coke%20oven%20gas" title="coke oven gas">coke oven gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanntion" title=" methanntion"> methanntion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20bed" title=" fixed bed"> fixed bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7667/methanation-catalyst-for-low-co-concentration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1311</span> Pd Supported on Activated Carbon: Effect of Support Texture on the Dispersion of Pd</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Sun%20Kim">Ji Sun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Ho%20Baek"> Jae Ho Baek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyeong%20Ho%20Kim"> Kyeong Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Hae%20Ha"> Ji Hae Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Soo%20Hong"> Seong Soo Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Wook%20Park"> Jung-Wook Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Sig%20Lee"> Man Sig Lee </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon supported palladium catalysts have been used in many industrial reactions, especially for hydrogenation in the fine chemical industry. Porous carbons had been widely used as catalyst supports due to its higher surface area and larger pore volume. The specific surface area, pore structure and surface chemical functional groups of porous carbon affects metal dispersion and particle size. In this paper, we confirm the effect of support texture on the dispersion of Pd. Pd catalyst supported on activated carbon having various specific surface area were characterized by BET, XRD and FE-TEM. Catalyst activity and dispersion of prepared catalyst were evaluated on the basis of the CO adsorption capacity by CO-chemisorption. As concluding remark to this part of our study, let us note that specific area of carbon play important role on the synthesis of Pd/C catalyst/. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title="carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pd%2FC" title=" Pd/C"> Pd/C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20are" title=" specific are"> specific are</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support" title=" support"> support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40084/pd-supported-on-activated-carbon-effect-of-support-texture-on-the-dispersion-of-pd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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