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<li id="toc-Seeking_contact_and_reported_visions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seeking_contact_and_reported_visions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Seeking contact and reported visions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seeking_contact_and_reported_visions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Receiving_the_Angelic_Keys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Receiving_the_Angelic_Keys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Receiving the <i>Angelic Keys</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Receiving_the_Angelic_Keys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology_and_writing_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology_and_writing_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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<li id="toc-Compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conjugation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conjugation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Conjugation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conjugation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary_and_corpus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary_and_corpus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vocabulary and corpus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vocabulary_and_corpus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vocabulary and corpus subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary_and_corpus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dictionaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dictionaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Dictionaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dictionaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation_of_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_of_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Representation of numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation_of_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Relation to other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>Secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_enoquiano" title="Idioma enoquiano – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma enoquiano" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اینوکایی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینوکایی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Енахіанская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Енахіанская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoc%27heg" title="Enoc'heg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Enoc'heg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henochische_Sprache" title="Henochische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henochische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_enoquiano" title="Idioma enoquiano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma enoquiano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان اینوکایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان اینوکایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nochien" title="Énochien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Énochien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ենովքյան լեզու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ենովքյան լեզու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8E%E3%82%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="エノク語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エノク語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_enochia%C5%84ski" title="Język enochiański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język enochiański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_enoquiana" title="Língua enoquiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua enoquiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Енохианский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Енохианский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eenokin_kieli" title="Eenokin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eenokin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enokyan" title="Enokyan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enokyan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Енохіанська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енохіанська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35325#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Occult language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mystical language recorded in the journals of John Dee. For Dee's system of angelic magic, see <a href="/wiki/Enochian_magic" title="Enochian magic">Enochian magic</a>. For other examples of divine or angelic languages, see <a href="/wiki/Divine_language" title="Divine language">Divine language</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: white; background-color: #114057;">Enochian</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_letters_(1583_manuscript).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Enochian_letters_%281583_manuscript%29.png/330px-Enochian_letters_%281583_manuscript%29.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Enochian_letters_%281583_manuscript%29.png/495px-Enochian_letters_%281583_manuscript%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Enochian_letters_%281583_manuscript%29.png/660px-Enochian_letters_%281583_manuscript%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4303" data-file-height="1603" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">John Dee’s manuscript diary for 6 May 1583, showing the 21 letters of the Enochian script</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelley" title="Edward Kelley">Edward Kelley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1583–1584</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Setting and usage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Occult journals</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Divine_language" title="Divine language">Divine language</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <b>Enochian</b></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>, Enochian script</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: white; background-color: #114057;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i> (<code>mis</code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>i-enochian <i>(deprecated)</i><sup id="cite_ref-ietf_depr1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ietf_depr1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ietf_depr2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ietf_depr2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></code></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Enochian</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ə-<span style="font-size:90%">NOH</span>-kee-ən</i></a>) is an occult <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed language</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowernLindemann2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowernLindemann2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—said by its originators to have been received from angels—recorded in the private journals of <a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a> and his colleague <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelley" title="Edward Kelley">Edward Kelley</a> in late 16th-century England.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kelley was a <a href="/wiki/Scryer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scryer">scryer</a> who worked with Dee in his <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">magical</a> investigations. The language is integral to the practice of <a href="/wiki/Enochian_magic" title="Enochian magic">Enochian magic</a>. </p><p>The language found in Dee's and Kelley's journals encompasses a limited <a href="/wiki/Text_corpus" title="Text corpus">textual corpus</a>. Linguist <a href="/wiki/Donald_Laycock" title="Donald Laycock">Donald Laycock</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Australian_Skeptics" title="Australian Skeptics">Australian Skeptic</a>, studied the Enochian journals, and argues against any extraordinary features. The untranslated texts of the <i>Liber Loagaeth</i> manuscript recall the patterns of <a href="/wiki/Glossolalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossolalia">glossolalia</a> rather than true language. Dee did not distinguish the <i>Liber Loagaeth</i> material from the translated language of the <i>Calls</i>, which is more like an artificial language. This language was called <b>Angelical</b> by Dee and later came to be referred to as "Enochian" by subsequent writers. The <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> resemble English, though the translations are not sufficient to work out any regular <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Enochian words resemble words and proper names in the Bible, but most have no apparent etymology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200142_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200142-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dee's journals also refer to this language as "<b>Celestial Speech</b>", "<b>First Language of God-Christ</b>", "<b>Holy Language</b>", or "<b>Language of Angels</b>". He also referred to it as "<b><a href="/wiki/Adamic_language" title="Adamic language">Adamical</a></b>" because, according to Dee's angels, it was used by <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> in Paradise to name all things. The term "Enochian" comes from Dee's assertion that the Biblical patriarch <a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a> had been the last human (before Dee and Kelley) to know the language. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Dee_Ashmolean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Dee_Ashmolean.jpg/220px-John_Dee_Ashmolean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Dee_Ashmolean.jpg/330px-John_Dee_Ashmolean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Dee_Ashmolean.jpg/440px-John_Dee_Ashmolean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a> (pictured) recorded the Enochian corpus in his journals with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelley" title="Edward Kelley">Edward Kelley</a> as his scryer and collaborator.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Tobias Churton in his text <i>The Golden Builders</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurton2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurton2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the concept of an Angelic or <a href="/wiki/Antediluvian" title="Antediluvian">antediluvian</a> language was common during Dee's time. If one could speak the language of angels, it was believed one could directly interact with them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seeking_contact_and_reported_visions">Seeking contact and reported visions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Seeking contact and reported visions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1581, Dee mentioned in his personal journals that God had sent "good angels" to communicate directly with prophets. In 1582, Dee teamed up with the <a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">seer</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelley" title="Edward Kelley">Edward Kelley</a>, although Dee had used several other seers previously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarkness199916-17_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarkness199916-17-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Kelley's help as a <a href="/wiki/Scryer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scryer">scryer</a>, Dee set out to establish lasting contact with the angels. Their work resulted, among other things, in the reception of Angelical, now more commonly known as Enochian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reception started on March 26, 1583, when Kelley reported visions in the crystal of a 21 lettered alphabet. A few days later, Kelley started receiving what became the book <i>Liber Loagaeth</i> ("Book [of] Speech from God"). The book consists of 49 great letter tables, or squares made of 49 by 49 letters (however each table has a front and a back side, making 98 tables of 49×49 letters altogether).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dee and Kelley said the angels never translated the texts in this book.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Receiving_the_Angelic_Keys">Receiving the <i>Angelic Keys</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Receiving the Angelic Keys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About a year later, at the court of King <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, where both alchemists stayed for some time, another set of texts was reportedly received through Kelley.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These texts comprise 48 poetic verses with English translations, which in Dee's manuscripts are called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Claves Angelicae</i></span>, or <i>Angelic Keys</i>. Dee was apparently intending to use these <i>Keys</i> to open the "Gates of Understanding"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDee1659[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidiikdAQAAMAAJpgPA77_77]_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDee1659[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidiikdAQAAMAAJpgPA77_77]-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> represented by the magic squares in <i>Liber Loagaeth</i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I am therefore to instruct and inform you, according to your Doctrine delivered, which is contained in 49 Tables. In 49 voices, or callings: which are the Natural Keys to open those, not 49 but 48 (for one is not to be opened) Gates of Understanding, whereby you shall have knowledge to move every Gate...<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>The angel Nalvage</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>But you shall understand that these 19 Calls are the Calls, or entrances into the knowledge of the mystical Tables. Every Table containing one whole leaf, whereunto you need no other circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>The angel Illemese</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology_and_writing_system">Phonology and writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology and writing system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language was recorded primarily in <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>, however, individual words written in Enochian script "appear sporadically throughout the manuscripts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200128_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200128-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 21 letters in the script; one letter appears with or without a diacritic dot. Dee mapped these letters of the "Adamical alphabet" onto 22 of the letters of the English alphabet, treating U and V as positional variants (as was common at the time) and omitting the English letters J, K, and W.<sup id="cite_ref-alphabet_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alphabet-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Enochian script is written from right to left in John Dee's diary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDee1582_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDee1582-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different documents have slightly different forms of the script. The alphabet also shares many graphical similarities to a script, also attributed to the prophet Enoch, that appeared in the <i>Voarchadumia Contra Alchimiam</i> of Johannes Pantheus,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPantheus155015v-16r_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPantheus155015v-16r-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a copy of which Dee is known to have owned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200128_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200128-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phonology of Enochian is "thoroughly English", apart from difficult <a href="/wiki/Consonant_cluster" title="Consonant cluster">sequences</a> such as <i>bdrios</i>, <i>excolphabmartbh</i>, <i>longamphlg</i>, <i>lapch</i>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200133,_41_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200133,_41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Enochian orthography closely follows <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern</a> <a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English orthography</a>, for example in having soft and hard <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span>, and in using digraphs <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ph⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨sh⟩</span>, and <span class="nowrap">⟨th⟩</span> for the sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tʃ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>k/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b23-24_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b23-24-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laycock mapped Enochian orthography to its sound system and says, "the resulting pronunciation makes it sound much more like English than it looks at first sight".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200146_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200146-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the difficult strings of consonants and vowels in words such as <i>ooaona</i>, <i>paombd</i>, <i>smnad</i> and <i>noncf</i> are the kind of pattern one gets by joining letters from a text together in an arbitrary pattern. As Laycock notes, "The reader can test this by taking, for example, every tenth letter on this page, and dividing the string of letters into words. The 'text' created will tend to look rather like Enochian."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200140-41_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200140-41-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Alphabet</dt></dl> <p>The Enochian letters, with their letter names and English equivalents as given by Dee, and pronunciations as reconstructed by Laycock, are as follows.<sup id="cite_ref-alphabet_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alphabet-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern pronunciation conventions vary, depending on the affiliations of the practitioner.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Letter </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Letter<br />name </th> <th style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English</a><br />equivalent </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Enochian phonology<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200146–47_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200146–47-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Golden Dawn<br />syllabic reading<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200160_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200160-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Golden_Dawn_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golden_Dawn-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Un.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Enochian_-_Un.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Un.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Enochian_-_Un.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Un.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Enochian_-_Un.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Un.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Un </td> <td style="text-align: center;">A </td> <td>long <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑː</a>]</span> (stressed), short <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>]</span> (unstressed) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Pa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Enochian_-_Pa.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Pa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Enochian_-_Pa.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Pa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Enochian_-_Pa.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Pa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Pa </td> <td style="text-align: center;">B </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>]</span>; silent after <i>m</i> when before another consonant or final </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[beɪ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Veh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Enochian_-_Veh.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Veh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Enochian_-_Veh.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Veh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Enochian_-_Veh.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Veh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Veh </td> <td style="text-align: center;">C </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span> before a, o, u; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span> before <i>e</i>, <i>i</i> and in consonant clusters, with many exceptions;<br /> <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span> as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span> in most positions but <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>]</span> finally. </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Gal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Enochian_-_Gal.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Gal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Enochian_-_Gal.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Gal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Enochian_-_Gal.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Gal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Gal </td> <td style="text-align: center;">D </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[deɪ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Graph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Enochian_-_Graph.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Graph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Enochian_-_Graph.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Graph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Enochian_-_Graph.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Graph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Graph </td> <td style="text-align: center;">E </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a>]</span> (stressed), <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>]</span> (unstressed) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eɪ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Or.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Enochian_-_Or.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Enochian_-_Or.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Enochian_-_Or.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Or </td> <td style="text-align: center;">F </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛf]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Ged.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enochian_-_Ged.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Ged.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enochian_-_Ged.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Ged.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enochian_-_Ged.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Ged.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ged </td> <td style="text-align: center;">G </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> before <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>]</span> before <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, finally, after <i>d</i>, and in consonant clusters. </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Na.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Enochian_-_Na.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Na.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Enochian_-_Na.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Na.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Enochian_-_Na.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Na.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Na </td> <td style="text-align: center;">H </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span> except in ⟨ch⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨sh⟩, ⟨th⟩; silent after a vowel<br />(in which case the vowel is "lengthened" – that is, has the sound it would have if stressed) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[heɪ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Gon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Enochian_-_Gon.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Gon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Enochian_-_Gon.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Gon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Enochian_-_Gon.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Gon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Gon </td> <td style="text-align: center;">I </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span> word-initially before a vowel; as a vowel: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a>]</span> (stressed), <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>]</span> (unstressed),<br />plus diphthongs <i>ai</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aɪ]</span>, <i>ei</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eɪ]</span>, <i>oi</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[oɪ]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Gon_(with_point).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Enochian_-_Gon_%28with_point%29.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Gon_%28with_point%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Enochian_-_Gon_%28with_point%29.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Gon_%28with_point%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Enochian_-_Gon_%28with_point%29.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Gon_%28with_point%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Y </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span> </td> <td>(same as I) </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Ur.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Enochian_-_Ur.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Ur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Enochian_-_Ur.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Ur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Enochian_-_Ur.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Ur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ur </td> <td style="text-align: center;">L </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]</span> </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Tal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Enochian_-_Tal.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Tal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Enochian_-_Tal.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Tal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Enochian_-_Tal.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Tal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Tal </td> <td style="text-align: center;">M </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛm]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Drux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Enochian_-_Drux.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Drux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Enochian_-_Drux.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Drux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Enochian_-_Drux.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Drux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Drux </td> <td style="text-align: center;">N </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛn],<span class="wrap"> </span>[nuː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Enochian_-_Med.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Enochian_-_Med.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Enochian_-_Med.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Med </td> <td style="text-align: center;">O </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a>]</span> (stressed), <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a>]</span> (unstressed) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[oʊ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Mals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Enochian_-_Mals.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Mals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Enochian_-_Mals.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Mals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Enochian_-_Mals.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Mals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Mals </td> <td style="text-align: center;">P </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>]</span> but for ⟨ph⟩, which is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[peɪ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Ger.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Enochian_-_Ger.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Ger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Enochian_-_Ger.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Ger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Enochian_-_Ger.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Ger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ger </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Q </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kw]</span>; the word <i>q</i> is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kwɑː]</span> </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Don.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Enochian_-_Don.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Don.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Enochian_-_Don.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Don.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Enochian_-_Don.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Don.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Don </td> <td style="text-align: center;">R </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑː(r)],<span class="wrap"> </span>[rɑː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Fam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Enochian_-_Fam.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Fam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Enochian_-_Fam.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Fam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Enochian_-_Fam.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Fam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">S </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span> as would be natural in English, but for ⟨sh⟩, which is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛs]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Gisg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Enochian_-_Gisg.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Gisg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Enochian_-_Gisg.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Gisg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Enochian_-_Gisg.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Gisg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Gisg </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span> but for ⟨th⟩, which is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[teɪ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Van.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Enochian_-_Van.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Van.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Enochian_-_Van.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Van.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Enochian_-_Van.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Van.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Van </td> <td style="text-align: center;">U/V </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a>]</span> (stressed) or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>]</span> (unstressed); <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[juː]</span> in initial position; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span> before another vowel and word-finally </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Pal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Enochian_-_Pal.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Pal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Enochian_-_Pal.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Pal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Enochian_-_Pal.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Pal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Pal </td> <td style="text-align: center;">X </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ks]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛks]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Enochian_-_Ceph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Enochian_-_Ceph.svg/40px-Enochian_-_Ceph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Enochian_-_Ceph.svg/60px-Enochian_-_Ceph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Enochian_-_Ceph.svg/80px-Enochian_-_Ceph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ceph </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Z </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span>, rarely <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[zɒd]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[zɒd]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Golden_Dawn-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Golden_Dawn_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Wynn_Wescott" class="mw-redirect" title="Wynn Wescott">Wynn Wescott</a>, each letter may be pronounced separately as its name in English or sometimes as the first consonant and vowel of its Hebrew name, e.g. N may be <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛn]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nu]</span> (from <i><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nun</a></i>). However, consonants-vowel sequences may be optionally run together into single syllables. E.g. <i>ta</i> may be pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[teɪ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑː]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɑː]</span>; <i>co</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[koʊ]</span>; <i>ar</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑːr]</span>; <i>re</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[reɪ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200160_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200160-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>A number of fonts for the Enochian script are available. They use the <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> range, with the letters assigned to the codepoints of their English equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morphology">Morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The grammar is for the most part without articles or prepositions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b20_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b20-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adjectives are quite rare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aaron Leitch identifies several affixes in Enochian, including <i>-o</i> (indicating 'of') and <i>-ax</i> (which functions like <i>-ing</i> in English).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b18–19_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b18–19-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leitch observes that, unlike English, Enochian appears to have a <a href="/wiki/Vocative_case" title="Vocative case">vocative case</a>, citing Dee's note in the margin of the First Table of <i>Loagaeth</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b21_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b21-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – "Befes the vocative case of Befafes".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeePeterson2003310_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeePeterson2003310-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compounds">Compounds</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compounds are frequent in the Enochian corpus. Modifiers and indicators are typically compounded with the nouns and verbs modified or indicated. These compounds can occur with demonstrative pronouns and conjunctions, as well as with various forms of the verb 'to be'. The compounding of nouns with adjectives or other verbs is less common. Compounds may exhibit variant spellings of the words combined.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b15–17_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b15–17-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conjugation">Conjugation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Conjugation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conjugation can result in spelling changes which can appear to be random or haphazard. Due to this, Aaron Leitch has expressed doubt as to whether Enochian actually has conjugations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b17–18_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b17–18-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The very scant evidence of Enochian <a href="/wiki/Verb_conjugation" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb conjugation">verb conjugation</a> seems quite reminiscent of English, including the verb 'to be' which is highly irregular.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laycock reports that the largest number of forms are recorded for 'be' and for <i>goh-</i> 'say':<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-2" style="width: 40em"><div class="column"> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <th>'to be' </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>zir, zirdo</i></td> <td>I am </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>geh</i></td> <td>thou art </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i></td> <td>he/she/it is </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>chiis, chis, chiso</i></td> <td>they are </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>as, zirop</i></td> <td>was </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>zirom</i></td> <td>were </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>trian</i></td> <td>shall be </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>christeos</i></td> <td>let there be </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>bolp</i></td> <td>be thou! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ipam</i></td> <td>is not </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ipamis</i></td> <td>cannot be </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <table> <tbody><tr> <th>'to say' </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>gohus</i></td> <td>I say </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>gohe, goho</i></td> <td>he says </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>gohia</i></td> <td>we say </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>gohol</i></td> <td>saying </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>gohon</i></td> <td>they have spoken </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>gohulim</i></td> <td>it is said </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <p>Note that <i>christeos</i> 'let there be' might be from 'Christ', and if so is not part of a conjugation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200142_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200142-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For negation of verbs, two constructions are attested: e.g. <i>chis ge</i> 'are not' (<i>chis</i> 'they are') and <i>ip uran</i> 'not see' (<i>uran</i> 'see').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Enochian does have personal pronouns, they are rare and used in ways that can be difficult to understand. Relative possessive pronouns do exist but are used sparingly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attested personal pronouns (Dee's material only):<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_and_dictionary_entries_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_and_dictionary_entries-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"><div class="columns-start columns-2" style="width: 60em"><div class="column"> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td><i>ol</i></td> <td>I, me, my, myself </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>il, ils, yls, ylsi</i></td> <td>thou, thee </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>q</i> ([kwɑ])</td> <td>thy </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tia</i></td> <td>his </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tox</i></td> <td>of him, his </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>pi</i></td> <td>she </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tlb</i> = <i>tilb</i>, <i>tbl</i> ([tibl])</td> <td>her, of her </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tiobl</i></td> <td>in her </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>t</i> ([ti])</td> <td>it </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><i>zylna</i></td> <td>itself </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ge</i></td> <td>we, us, our (soft 'g') </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>helech</i></td> <td>in ours (?) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>g</i> = <i>gi</i></td> <td>you, your (soft 'g') </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>nonci</i></td> <td>you (soft 'c') </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>nonca, noncf, noncp</i></td> <td>to you (soft 'c') </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>amiran</i></td> <td>yourselves </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>z</i> ([zə])</td> <td>they </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>par</i></td> <td>they, them </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <p>Demonstrative pronouns: <i>oi</i> 'this', <i>unal</i> 'these, those', <i>priaz(i)</i> 'those'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock2001dictionary_entries_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock2001dictionary_entries-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntax">Syntax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Word order closely follows English, except for the dearth of articles and prepositions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adjectives, although rare, typically precede the noun as in English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary_and_corpus">Vocabulary and corpus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vocabulary and corpus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laycock notes that there are about 250 different words in the <a href="/wiki/Text_corpus" title="Text corpus">corpus</a> of Enochian texts, more than half of which <a href="/wiki/Hapax_legomenon" title="Hapax legomenon">occur only once</a>. A few resemble words in the Bible – mostly proper names – in both sound and meaning. For example, <i>luciftias</i> "brightness" resembles <a href="/wiki/Lucifer" title="Lucifer">Lucifer</a> "the light-bearer"; <i><a href="/wiki/Babalon#Enochian_magic" title="Babalon">babalond</a></i> "wicked, harlot" resembles <a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Babylon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200142_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200142-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leitch notes a number of root words in Enochian. He lists <i>Doh</i>, <i>I</i>, <i>Ia</i>, <i>Iad</i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> among others, as likely root words.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b14–15_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b14–15-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">what do they mean?</span></a></i>]</sup> While the <i>Angelic Keys</i> contain most of the known vocabulary of Enochian, dozens of further words are found throughout Dee's journals. </p><p>Thousands of additional, undefined words are contained in the <i>Liber Loagaeth</i>. Laycock notes that the material in <i>Liber Loagaeth</i> appears to be different from the language of the 'Calls' found in the <i>Angelic Keys</i>, which appear to have been generated from the tables and squares of the <i>Loagaeth</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Laycock: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The texts in the <i>Loagaeth</i> show patterning "characteristically found in certain types of meaningless language (such as <a href="/wiki/Glossolalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossolalia">glossolalia</a>), which is often produced under conditions similar to <a href="/wiki/Trance" title="Trance">trance</a>. In other words, Kelley may have been 'speaking in tongues'. [...] there is no evidence that these early invocations are any form of 'language' [...] at all.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200133–34_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200133–34-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dictionaries">Dictionaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dictionaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been several compilations of Enochian words made to form Enochian dictionaries. A scholarly study is <a href="/wiki/Donald_Laycock" title="Donald Laycock">Donald Laycock</a>'s <i>The Complete Enochian Dictionary</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock2001_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock2001-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also useful is Vinci's <i>Gmicalzoma: An Enochian Dictionary</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinci1992_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinci1992-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation_of_numbers">Representation of numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Representation of numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number system is inexplicable. It seems possible to identify the <a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">numerals</a> from 0 to 10:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200144_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200144-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>0 – T</li> <li>1 – L, EL, L-O, ELO, LA, LI, LIL</li> <li>2 – V, VI-I-V, VI-VI</li> <li>3 – D, R</li> <li>4 – S, ES</li> <li>5 – O</li> <li>6 – N, NORZ</li> <li>7 – Q</li> <li>8 – P</li> <li>9 – M, EM</li> <li>10 – X</li></ul> <p>However, Enochian texts contain larger numbers written in alphabetical form, and there is no discernible system behind them:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200144_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200144-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li>12 – OS</li> <li>19 – AF</li> <li>22 – OP</li> <li>24 – OL</li> <li>26 – OX</li> <li>28 – OB, NI</li> <li>31 – GA</li> <li>33 – PD</li> <li>42 – VX</li> <li>456 – CLA</li> <li>1000 – MATB</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li>1,636 – QUAR</li> <li>3,663 – MIAN</li> <li>5,678 – DAOX</li> <li>6,332 – ERAN</li> <li>6,739 – DARG</li> <li>7,336 – TAXS</li> <li>7,699 – ACAM</li> <li>8,763 – EMOD</li> <li>9,639 – MAPM</li> <li>9,996 – CIAL</li> <li>69,636 – PEOAL</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>As Laycock put it, "the test of any future spirit-revelation of the Enochian language will be the explanation of this numerical system."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200144_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200144-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_other_languages">Relation to other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Relation to other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dee believed Enochian to be the <a href="/wiki/Adamic_language" title="Adamic language">Adamic language</a> <a href="/wiki/Universal_language" title="Universal language">universally spoken</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Confusion_of_tongues" class="mw-redirect" title="Confusion of tongues">confusion of tongues</a>. However, modern analysis shows Enochian to be an English-like <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowernLindemann2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowernLindemann2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Word order closely follows English, except for the dearth of articles and prepositions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The very scant evidence of Enochian <a href="/wiki/Verb_conjugation" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb conjugation">verb conjugation</a> is likewise reminiscent of English, more so than with <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic languages</a> such as Hebrew, which Dee said were debased versions of the Enochian language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Design_conlang.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Design_conlang.png/28px-Design_conlang.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Design_conlang.png/42px-Design_conlang.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Design_conlang.png/56px-Design_conlang.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Constructed_languages" title="Portal:Constructed languages">Constructed languages portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magical_terms_and_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of magical terms and traditions">List of magical terms and traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">Renaissance magic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This book is now in the British Library, MS Sloane 3189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alphabet-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alphabet_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alphabet_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dee's table in <i>Loagaeth</i> (MS Sloane 3189) as reproduced in <a href="#CITEREFMagickal_Review2005">Magickal Review (2005)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 45: "As the texts dictated in Enochian consist of a series of 'Calls', or <a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">invocations</a> of supernatural beings, it was clearly necessary for Dee and Kelley to know how the words should be uttered; in most magical systems, a slight error in the text of a spell or invocation is regarded as potentially leading to disastrous consequences. Accordingly, Dee was in the habit of writing the pronunciation of the Enochian words alongside the text. … his intention is usually quite clear. He writes <i>dg</i> when he means 'soft <i>g<b> (as in </b></i><b>gem<i>); and </i>s<i> for 'soft </i>c</b>; and he indicates in some places that <i>ch</i> is to be pronounced as <i>k</i>. He marks the stressed vowels in most words. … In more difficult cases, he gives examples from English, thus, <i>zorge</i> is said to be pronounced to rhyme with 'George'. … With all of these instructions, we can get a fairly good idea of how Enochian sounded to Dee and Kelley. We have to make allowances, of course, for the fact that the two men spoke English of more than four centuries ago … Fortunately, linguists are in the possession of sufficient evidence … to establish the pronunciation of most forms of Elizabethan English with a high degree of accuracy."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuQuette2019">DuQuette (2019)</a>, p. 197: "[...] by and large, we modern magicians are left to our own devices as to how to push these awkwardly constructed words out of our mouths. [...] The Golden Dawn and Crowley use a pronunciation that they felt rolled more fluidly off the tongue. This method obliged the magician to insert a natural Hebrew vowel sound after every Enochian consonant. [...] The most obvious alternative to the GD pronunciation is simply sounding out the words as they are written [...] This is what I have done, and what I recommend to students who are learning Enochian magick."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ietf_depr1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ietf_depr1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-subtags-templates/lang-subtags-templates.xhtml">"Language Subtag Registry"</a>. <i>Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Assigned+Numbers+Authority&rft.atitle=Language+Subtag+Registry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Flang-subtags-templates%2Flang-subtags-templates.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ietf_depr2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ietf_depr2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-subtags-templates/i-enochian.txt">"Language Subtag Registration Form for 'i-enochian'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Assigned+Numbers+Authority&rft.atitle=Language+Subtag+Registration+Form+for+%27i-enochian%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Flang-subtags-templates%2Fi-enochian.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowernLindemann2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowernLindemann2021_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowernLindemann2021_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowernLindemann2021">Bowern & Lindemann (2021)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/19553">The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee by John Dee</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200142-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200142_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200142_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200142_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurton2002-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurton2002_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChurton2002">Churton (2002)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarkness199916-17-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarkness199916-17_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarkness1999">Harkness (1999)</a>, p. 16-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDee1659[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidiikdAQAAMAAJpgPA77_77]-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDee1659[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidiikdAQAAMAAJpgPA77_77]_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDee1659">Dee (1659)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iikdAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA77">77</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The angel Nalvage, cited in <a href="#CITEREFDee1992">Dee (1992)</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The angel Illemese, cited in <a href="#CITEREFDee1992">Dee (1992)</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200128-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200128_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200128_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDee1582-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDee1582_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDee1582">Dee (1582)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPantheus155015v-16r-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPantheus155015v-16r_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPantheus1550">Pantheus (1550)</a>, p. 15v-16r.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200133,_41-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200133,_41_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 33, 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b23-24-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b23-24_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>, p. 23-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200146-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200146_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200140-41-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200140-41_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 40-41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200146–47-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200146–47_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200160-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200160_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200160_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070826140151/http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/">"Enochian Materials"</a>. The Magickal Review. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/">the original</a> on 2007-08-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enochian+Materials&rft.pub=The+Magickal+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themagickalreview.org%2Fenochian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerald_J._Schueler,_Betty_Jane_Schueler2001" class="citation web cs1">Gerald J. Schueler, Betty Jane Schueler (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schuelers.com/enochian/fonts.htm">"Download fonts"</a>. Schueler's Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Download+fonts&rft.pub=Schueler%27s+Online&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Gerald+J.+Schueler%2C+Betty+Jane+Schueler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schuelers.com%2Fenochian%2Ffonts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_A._Eshelman2001" class="citation web cs1">James A. Eshelman (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aumha.org/arcane/enoch.htm">"Enochian Elemental Tablets"</a>. AumHa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enochian+Elemental+Tablets&rft.pub=AumHa&rft.date=2001&rft.au=James+A.+Eshelman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aumha.org%2Farcane%2Fenoch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927183854/http://www.esotericgoldendawn.com/mysteries_enochian_font.htm">"Enochian Font"</a>. Esoteric Order of the Golden Dawn. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esotericgoldendawn.com/mysteries_enochian_font.htm">the original</a> on 2011-09-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enochian+Font&rft.pub=Esoteric+Order+of+the+Golden+Dawn&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esotericgoldendawn.com%2Fmysteries_enochian_font.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b20-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b20_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b19–20_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>, pp. 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b18–19-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b18–19_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b21-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b21_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeePeterson2003310-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeePeterson2003310_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeePeterson2003">Dee & Peterson (2003)</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b15–17-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b15–17_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>, pp. 15–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b17–18-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b17–18_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_and_dictionary_entries-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200143_and_dictionary_entries_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. 43 and dictionary entries.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock2001dictionary_entries-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock2001dictionary_entries_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, p. dictionary entries.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b14–15-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeitch2010b14–15_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeitch2010b">Leitch (2010b)</a>, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200133–34-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200133–34_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock2001-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock2001_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinci1992-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinci1992_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVinci1992">Vinci (1992)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaycock200144-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200144_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200144_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaycock200144_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaycock2001">Laycock (2001)</a>, pp. 44.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDee1582" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">Dee, John</a> (1582). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Sloane_MS_3188">"Sloane MS 3188"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sloane+MS+3188&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=1582&rft.aulast=Dee&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2FFullDisplay.aspx%3Fref%3DSloane_MS_3188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDee1659" class="citation book cs1">Dee, John (1659). <i>A True & Faithful Relation of what Passed for Many Yeers Between Dr. John Dee and Some Spirits</i>. Antonine Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+True+%26+Faithful+Relation+of+what+Passed+for+Many+Yeers+Between+Dr.+John+Dee+and+Some+Spirits&rft.pub=Antonine+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1659&rft.aulast=Dee&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDee1992" class="citation book cs1">Dee, John (1992). <a href="/wiki/Meric_Casaubon" class="mw-redirect" title="Meric Casaubon">Casaubon, Meric</a> (ed.). <i>A True and Faithful Relation of What Passed for Many Years Between John Dee and Some Spirits</i>. New York: Magickal Childe Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+True+and+Faithful+Relation+of+What+Passed+for+Many+Years+Between+John+Dee+and+Some+Spirits&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Magickal+Childe+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Dee&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeePeterson2003" class="citation book cs1">Dee, John; Peterson, Joseph H. (2003). <i>John Dee's Five Books of Mystery: Original Sourcebook of Enochian Magic: From the Collected Works Known as Mysteriorum Libri Quinque</i>. Boston: Weiser Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1578631785" title="Special:BookSources/1578631785"><bdi>1578631785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Dee%27s+Five+Books+of+Mystery%3A+Original+Sourcebook+of+Enochian+Magic%3A+From+the+Collected+Works+Known+as+Mysteriorum+Libri+Quinque&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1578631785&rft.aulast=Dee&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Joseph+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPantheus1550" class="citation book cs1">Pantheus, Johannes (1550). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308052242/https://www.scribd.com/doc/9925345/Voarchadumia-Contra-Alchimiam-Johannes-Pantheus"><i>Voarchadumia Contra Alchimiam</i></a>. p. 15v-16r. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/9925345/Voarchadumia-Contra-Alchimiam-Johannes-Pantheus">the original</a> on 2016-03-08 – via Scribd.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voarchadumia+Contra+Alchimiam&rft.pages=15v-16r&rft.date=1550&rft.aulast=Pantheus&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F9925345%2FVoarchadumia-Contra-Alchimiam-Johannes-Pantheus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Secondary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowernLindemann2021" class="citation journal cs1">Bowern, Claire L.; Lindemann, Luke (January 2021). "The Linguistics of the Voynich Manuscript". <i>Annual Review of Linguistics</i>. <b>7</b>: 285–308. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-linguistics-011619-030613">10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030613</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:228894621">228894621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Linguistics&rft.atitle=The+Linguistics+of+the+Voynich+Manuscript&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=285-308&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-linguistics-011619-030613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A228894621%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bowern&rft.aufirst=Claire+L.&rft.au=Lindemann%2C+Luke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurton2002" class="citation book cs1">Churton, Tobias (2002). <i>The Golden Builders</i>. Signal Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9543309-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9543309-0-0"><bdi>0-9543309-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Builders&rft.pub=Signal+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-9543309-0-0&rft.aulast=Churton&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuQuette2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lon_Milo_DuQuette" title="Lon Milo DuQuette">DuQuette, Lon Milo</a> (2019). <i>Enochian Vision Magick: A Practical Guide to the Magick of Dr. John Dee and Edward Kelley</i>. Red Wheel/Weiser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1578636846" title="Special:BookSources/978-1578636846"><bdi>978-1578636846</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enochian+Vision+Magick%3A+A+Practical+Guide+to+the+Magick+of+Dr.+John+Dee+and+Edward+Kelley&rft.pub=Red+Wheel%2FWeiser&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1578636846&rft.aulast=DuQuette&rft.aufirst=Lon+Milo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkness1999" class="citation book cs1">Harkness, Deborah (1999). <i>John Dee's Conversations with Angels: Cabala, Alchemy, and the End of Nature</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521622288" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521622288"><bdi>978-0521622288</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Dee%27s+Conversations+with+Angels%3A+Cabala%2C+Alchemy%2C+and+the+End+of+Nature&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0521622288&rft.aulast=Harkness&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaycock2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Laycock" title="Donald Laycock">Laycock, Donald</a> (2001). <i>The Complete Enochian Dictionary: A Dictionary of the Angelic Language As Revealed to Dr. John Dee and Edward Kelley</i>. Boston: Weiser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1578632544" title="Special:BookSources/1578632544"><bdi>1578632544</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Enochian+Dictionary%3A+A+Dictionary+of+the+Angelic+Language+As+Revealed+to+Dr.+John+Dee+and+Edward+Kelley&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Weiser&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1578632544&rft.aulast=Laycock&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeitch2010b" class="citation book cs1">Leitch, Aaron (2010b). <i>The Angelical Language, Volume II: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the Tongue of Angels</i>. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0738714912" title="Special:BookSources/978-0738714912"><bdi>978-0738714912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Angelical+Language%2C+Volume+II%3A+An+Encyclopedic+Lexicon+of+the+Tongue+of+Angels&rft.place=Woodbury%2C+MN&rft.pub=Llewellyn+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0738714912&rft.aulast=Leitch&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagickal_Review2005" class="citation web cs1">Magickal Review, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110712100049/http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/alphabet.php">"The Angelic or Enochian Alphabet"</a>. <i>The Magickal Review</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/alphabet.php">the original</a> on 2011-07-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Magickal+Review&rft.atitle=The+Angelic+or+Enochian+Alphabet&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themagickalreview.org%2Fenochian%2Falphabet.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinci1992" class="citation book cs1">Vinci, Leon (1992) [1976]. <i>Gmicalzoma: An Enochian Dictionary</i>. London: Neptune Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gmicalzoma%3A+An+Enochian+Dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Neptune+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Vinci&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsprem2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Asprem, Egil (December 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skepsis.no/%e2%80%9cenochian%e2%80%9d-language-a-proof-of-the-existence-of-angels/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Enochian" language: A proof of the existence of angels?"</a>. <i>Skepsis</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skepsis&rft.atitle=%22Enochian%22+language%3A+A+proof+of+the+existence+of+angels%3F&rft.date=2006-12-13&rft.aulast=Asprem&rft.aufirst=Egil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skepsis.no%2F%25e2%2580%259cenochian%25e2%2580%259d-language-a-proof-of-the-existence-of-angels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEco1997" class="citation book cs1">Eco, Umberto (1997). <i>The Search for the Perfect Language</i>. London: Fontana Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0006863787" title="Special:BookSources/0006863787"><bdi>0006863787</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Search+for+the+Perfect+Language&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fontana+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0006863787&rft.aulast=Eco&rft.aufirst=Umberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2009" class="citation cs2">James, Geoffrey (2009), <i>The Enochian Evocation of Dr. John Dee</i>, Newburyport, MA: Weiser Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1578634538" title="Special:BookSources/978-1578634538"><bdi>978-1578634538</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Enochian+Evocation+of+Dr.+John+Dee&rft.place=Newburyport%2C+MA&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1578634538&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2024" class="citation magazine cs1">Johnson, Christopher Reed (May 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://perseusarcaneacademy.com/post/enochian-magick-chris-johnsons-path-into-the-angelic-mysteries/">"Enochian Magick: Chris Johnson's Path into the Angelic Mysteries"</a>. <i>Perseus Academy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perseus+Academy&rft.atitle=Enochian+Magick%3A+Chris+Johnson%27s+Path+into+the+Angelic+Mysteries&rft.date=2024-05-29&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Christopher+Reed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fperseusarcaneacademy.com%2Fpost%2Fenochian-magick-chris-johnsons-path-into-the-angelic-mysteries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeitch2010a" class="citation book cs1">Leitch, Aaron (2010a). <i>The Angelical Language, Volume I: The Complete History and Mythos of the Tongue of Angels</i>. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0738714905" title="Special:BookSources/978-0738714905"><bdi>978-0738714905</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Angelical+Language%2C+Volume+I%3A+The+Complete+History+and+Mythos+of+the+Tongue+of+Angels&rft.place=Woodbury%2C+MN&rft.pub=Llewellyn+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0738714905&rft.aulast=Leitch&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorrgrén2005" class="citation journal cs1">Norrgrén, H. (2005). "Interpretation and the Hieroglyphic Monad: John Dee's Reading of Pantheus's Voarchadumia". <i><a href="/wiki/Ambix" title="Ambix">Ambix</a></i>. <b>52</b> (3): 217–245. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F000269805X77781">10.1179/000269805X77781</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170087190">170087190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambix&rft.atitle=Interpretation+and+the+Hieroglyphic+Monad%3A+John+Dee%27s+Reading+of+Pantheus%27s+Voarchadumia&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=217-245&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2F000269805X77781&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170087190%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Norrgr%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSledge2010" class="citation journal cs1">Sledge, J. J. (2010). "Between Loagaeth and Cosening: Towards an Etiology of John Dee's Spirit Diaries". <i><a href="/wiki/Aries_(journal)" title="Aries (journal)">Aries</a></i>. <b>10</b> (1): 1–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156798910X12584583444835">10.1163/156798910X12584583444835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aries&rft.atitle=Between+Loagaeth+and+Cosening%3A+Towards+an+Etiology+of+John+Dee%27s+Spirit+Diaries&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-35&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156798910X12584583444835&rft.aulast=Sledge&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnerTurnerCousins1989" class="citation book cs1">Turner, P. S.; Turner, R.; Cousins, R. E. (1989). <i>Elizabethan Magic: The Art and the Magus</i>. Element. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1852300838" title="Special:BookSources/978-1852300838"><bdi>978-1852300838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabethan+Magic%3A+The+Art+and+the+Magus&rft.pub=Element&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1852300838&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=P.+S.&rft.au=Turner%2C+R.&rft.au=Cousins%2C+R.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyson1997" class="citation book cs1">Tyson, Donald (1997). <i>Enochian Magic for Beginners: The Original System of Angel Magic</i>. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1567187471" title="Special:BookSources/1567187471"><bdi>1567187471</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enochian+Magic+for+Beginners%3A+The+Original+System+of+Angel+Magic&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+MN&rft.pub=Llewellyn+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1567187471&rft.aulast=Tyson&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Yates" title="Frances Yates">Yates, Frances</a> (1979). <i>The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415254094" title="Special:BookSources/0415254094"><bdi>0415254094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Occult+Philosophy+in+the+Elizabethan+Age&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0415254094&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Frances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnochian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enochian&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns9zLz1x-y4">The Enochian Language - History and Analysis of the Magic Angelic Alphabet revealed to Dr John Dee</a> on YouTube</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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id="Constructed_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">Artistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_language" title="Fictional language">Fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_game" title="Language game">Language game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">International auxiliary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">Zonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">Engineered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_language" title="Experimental language">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_language" title="Musical language">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_language" title="Philosophical language">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific <br />languages<br /> by group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">International<br />auxiliary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babm" title="Babm">Babm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolak_language" title="Bolak language">Bolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communicationssprache" title="Communicationssprache">Communicationssprache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjuvilo" title="Adjuvilo">Adjuvilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcaicam_Esperantom" title="Arcaicam Esperantom">Arcaicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_II" title="Esperanto II">Esperanto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundolinco" title="Mundolinco">Mundolinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Esperanto">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1ni%C3%A7o" class="mw-redirect" title="Romániço">Romániço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_(Esperantido)" title="Universal (Esperantido)">Universal</a></li> <li>other <a href="/wiki/Esperantido" title="Esperantido">esperantidos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosa" title="Glosa">Glosa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interglossa" title="Interglossa">Interglossa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiom_Neutral" title="Idiom Neutral">Idiom Neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intal_language" title="Intal language">Intal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingue" title="Interlingue">Interlingue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sign" title="International Sign">International Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotava" title="Kotava">Kotava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_nouvelle" title="Langue nouvelle">Langue nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione" title="Latino sine flexione">Latino sine flexione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_de_planeta" title="Lingwa de planeta">Lingwa de planeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondial_language" title="Mondial language">Mondial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_language" title="Neo language">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nal_Bino" title="Nal Bino">Nal Bino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novial" title="Novial">Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasilingua" title="Pasilingua">Pasilingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambahsa" title="Sambahsa">Sambahsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solresol" title="Solresol">Solresol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sona_(constructed_language)" title="Sona (constructed language)">Sona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unish" title="Unish">Unish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalglot" title="Universalglot">Universalglot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uropi" title="Uropi">Uropi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">Zonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrihili" title="Afrihili">Afrihili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budinos" title="Budinos">Budinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efatese_language" title="Efatese language">Efatese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurolengo" title="Eurolengo">Eurolengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guosa" title="Guosa">Guosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortat%C3%BCrk" title="Ortatürk">Ortatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanic_language" title="Pan-Germanic language">Pan-Germanic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tutonish" title="Tutonish">Tutonish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Romance_language" title="Pan-Romance language">Pan-Romance language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolatino_Romance" title="Neolatino Romance">Neolatino Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanid" title="Romanid">Romanid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" title="Pan-Slavic language">Pan-Slavic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runyakitara_language" title="Runyakitara language">Runyakitara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wede" title="Wede">Wede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weltdeutsch" title="Weltdeutsch">Weltdeutsch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">Engineered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AUI_(constructed_language)" title="AUI (constructed language)">aUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_English" title="Basic English">Basic English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Speedwords" title="Dutton Speedwords">Dutton Speedwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithkuil" title="Ithkuil">Ithkuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaba-X" title="Kalaba-X">Kalaba-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincos_language" title="Lincos language">Lincos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_generalis" title="Lingua generalis">Lingua generalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loglan" title="Loglan">Loglan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logopandecteision" title="Logopandecteision">Logopandecteision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_Towards_a_Real_Character,_and_a_Philosophical_Language" title="An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language">Real Character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_language" title="Ro language">Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toki_Pona" title="Toki Pona">Toki Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fictional_language" title="Fictional language">Fictional</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">artistic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantean_language" title="Atlantean language">Atlantean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belter_Creole" title="Belter Creole">Belter Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brithenig" title="Brithenig">Brithenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dritok" title="Dritok">Dritok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dothraki_language" title="Dothraki language">Dothraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages" title="Elvish languages">Elvish languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchanta">Enchanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%93len" title="Kēlen">Kēlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliki_language" title="Kiliki language">Kiliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koba%C3%AFan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobaïan">Kobaïan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1adan" title="Láadan">Láadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapine_language" title="Lapine language">Lapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxian" title="Loxian">Loxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydnevi" title="Lydnevi">Lydnevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mänti">Mänti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien">Middle-earth languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%BBnaic" title="Adûnaic">Adûnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle-earth_languages" title="Category:Middle-earth languages">more...</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BCvi_language" title="Naʼvi language">Naʼvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadsat" title="Nadsat">Nadsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simlish" title="Simlish">Simlish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spocanian" title="Spocanian">Spocanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_in_Star_Wars" title="Languages in Star Wars"><i>Star Wars</i> languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syldavian" title="Syldavian">Syldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teonaht" title="Teonaht">Teonaht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsoly%C3%A1ni_language" title="Tsolyáni language">Tsolyáni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_language" title="Utopian language">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valyrian_languages" title="Valyrian languages">Valyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venedic_language" title="Venedic language">Venedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdurian_language" title="Verdurian language">Verdurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenja_language" title="Wenja language">Wenja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ritual and other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaibalan" title="Balaibalan">Balaibalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damin" title="Damin">Damin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_language" title="Eskayan language">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_ignota" title="Lingua ignota">Lingua ignota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">Palawa kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructed script">Constructed script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">Esperanto orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_scripts" title="Tolkien's scripts">Tolkien's scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperantology" title="Esperantology">Esperantology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Secret_Vice" title="A Secret Vice">A Secret Vice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Words" title="Bridge of Words">Bridge of Words</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conlanging:_The_Art_of_Crafting_Tongues" title="Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues">Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Land_of_Invented_Languages" title="In the Land of Invented Languages">In the Land of Invented Languages</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Ricerca_della_Lingua_Perfetta_nella_Cultura_Europea" title="La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea">La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Ido" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Ido">Esperanto/Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Interlingua">Esperanto/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Novial" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Novial">Esperanto/Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Ido_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Ido and Interlingua">Ido/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Ido_and_Novial" title="Comparison between Ido and Novial">Ido/Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Interlingue_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Interlingue and Interlingua">Interlingue/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Lojban_and_Loglan" title="Comparison between Lojban and Loglan">Lojban/Loglan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Constructed_languages" title="Portal:Constructed languages">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_languages" title="List of constructed languages">List of constructed languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_creators" title="List of language creators">List of language creators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85044042">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548260705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enochian&oldid=1256134024">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enochian&oldid=1256134024</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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