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Essencialisme - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tipus_d&#039;essencialisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipus_d&#039;essencialisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tipus d'essencialisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipus_d&#039;essencialisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Essencialisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 37 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ماهوية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماهوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Есенциализъм - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Есенциализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C" title="زاتباوەڕی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زاتباوەڕی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esencialismus" title="Esencialismus - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Esencialismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialisme" title="Essentialisme - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Essentialisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialismus" title="Essentialismus - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Essentialismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ουσιοκρατία - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουσιοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism" title="Essentialism - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Essentialism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esencismo" title="Esencismo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Esencismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esencialismo" title="Esencialismo - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esencialismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentsialism" title="Essentsialism - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Essentsialism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esentzialismo" title="Esentzialismo - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esentzialismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ذات‌باوری - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ذات‌باوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialismi" title="Essentialismi - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Essentialismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialisme" title="Essentialisme - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Essentialisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esencialismo" title="Esencialismo - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esencialismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מהותנות - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהותנות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esszencializmus" title="Esszencializmus - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Esszencializmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Էսենցիալիզմ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսենցիալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esensialisme" title="Esensialisme - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Esensialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essenzialismo" title="Essenzialismo - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Essenzialismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%B3%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="本質主義 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="本質主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B8%EC%A7%88%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="본질주의 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="본질주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialismus" title="Essentialismus - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Essentialismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esencializmas" title="Esencializmas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Esencializmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Есенцијализам - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Есенцијализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialisme_(filosofie)" title="Essentialisme (filosofie) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Essentialisme (filosofie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essensialisme" title="Essensialisme - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Essensialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esencjalizm" title="Esencjalizm - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Esencjalizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essencialismo" title="Essencialismo - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Essencialismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen%C8%9Bialism" title="Esențialism - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Esențialism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эссенциализм - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эссенциализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism" title="Essentialism - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Essentialism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zc%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" title="Özcülük - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özcülük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Есенціалізм - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есенціалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%B4%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="本质主义 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="本质主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%B3%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="本質主義 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="本質主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q391156#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><p>L'<b>essencialisme</b> és un concepte que considera que els individus es classifiquen segons l'<a href="/wiki/Ess%C3%A8ncia" title="Essència">essència</a> que els fa pertànyer a una classe determinada, un conjunt de trets que no sols el fan existir sinó ser el que és i com és.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Per tant són característiques innates i definitòries, a diferència d'altres qualitats que es puguin adquirir posteriorment o que pertanyin al subjecte en qüestió però no el defineixin, en el sentit que si canvien o desapareixen no s'altera la naturalesa bàsica d'aquell individu, ja que continua essent identificable.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La teoria sol oposar-se al <a href="/wiki/Nominalisme" title="Nominalisme">nominalisme</a> i a la noció de construcció social. L'essencialisme té el seu origen en la idea de <a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%B3" title="Plató">Plató</a>, una existència suprasensible de la qual participen els objectes contingents del món físic. La noció va ser perfeccionada per <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2til" title="Aristòtil">Aristòtil</a> en parlar de substàncies (trets essencials) i accidents (qualitats secundàries). Entronca per tant amb l'<a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">idealisme</a> filosòfic. A l'edat mitjana va estudiar-se a través del concepte d'<a href="/wiki/Haecceitas" title="Haecceitas">haecceitas</a>. </p><p>Una qüestió relacionada és si aquests trets essencials són propis del subjecte o només de la classificació que n'efectua el ser humà, és a dir, que pertanyen al domini del llenguatge, com a conjunt de característiques comunes dels membres d'un <a href="/wiki/Conjunt" title="Conjunt">conjunt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipus_d'essencialisme"><span id="Tipus_d.27essencialisme"></span>Tipus d'essencialisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essencialisme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Tipus d&#039;essencialisme"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'essencialisme s'ha aplicat a nombrosos camps de la ciència. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biologia</a> l'essencialisme és una concepció segons la qual diverses <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cies" class="mw-redirect" title="Espècies">espècies</a> animals i vegetals difereixen entre si per essència, cosa que implica el reconeixement de discontinuïtats en la <a href="/wiki/Natura" title="Natura">natura</a>. Aquesta concepció s'oposa al <a href="/wiki/Nominalisme" title="Nominalisme">nominalisme</a>, segons el qual només hi ha <a href="/wiki/Individu" title="Individu">individus</a> i les <a href="/wiki/Poblacions" class="mw-redirect" title="Poblacions">poblacions</a> d'individus, considerant que les <a href="/wiki/Jerarquia" title="Jerarquia">categories</a> són només unes <a href="/wiki/Abstracci%C3%B3_(filosofia)" title="Abstracció (filosofia)">abstraccions</a> construïdes per l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89sser_hum%C3%A0" title="Ésser humà">ésser humà</a> al si d'un vast continu de formes de la natura. </p><p>Pel que fa a les ciències socials, existeix un essencialisme que lliga cada individu a una classe. Així, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Essencialisme_de_g%C3%A8nere&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Essencialisme de gènere (encara no existeix)">essencialisme de gènere</a> postula que els homes i les dones són intrínsecament diferents, marcats pel seu sexe en néixer i que això fa que pensin i es comportin de manera diferent. Igualment, s'ha esgrimit un essencialisme de <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a" title="Raça">raça</a> per atribuir diferents trets segons l'origen ètnic, una concepció lligada al <a href="/wiki/Racisme_cient%C3%ADfic" title="Racisme científic">racisme científic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquestes classificacions poden estendre's a cultures senceres. En els corrents historiogràfics <a href="/w/index.php?title=Essencialisme_hist%C3%B2ric&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Essencialisme històric (encara no existeix)">essencialistes</a>, molt desenvolupats durant el <a href="/wiki/Romanticisme" title="Romanticisme">romanticisme</a>, s'afirma que existeix una manera genuïna de ser,i per tant per exemple es pot parlar d'una "ànima alemanya" que agrupa la seva cosmovisió i costums al llarg del temps. Els <a href="/wiki/Estereotip" title="Estereotip">estereotips</a> nacionals sovint provenen d'aquestes teories. Es parla de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primordialisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Primordialisme (encara no existeix)">primordialisme</a> si es lliga l'essencialisme a la gènesi de la nació.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>En psicologia es fa ressò del debat entre natura i cultura: quins trets de la ment de cadascú són heretats i biològics i quins fruit de l'ambient i l'educació? La <a href="/wiki/Sociobiologia" title="Sociobiologia">sociobiologia</a> intenta respondre a aquesta pregunta atorgant diferents parts d'influència a cada vessant. L'<a href="/wiki/Innatisme" title="Innatisme">innatisme</a> ho aplica a les idees amb les que suposadament neix una persona, en oposició al coneixement que després adquireix al llarg de la seva vida. En canvi les teories de la <a href="/wiki/Personalitat" title="Personalitat">personalitat</a> de trets afirmen que hom posseeix una sèrie de tendències naturals, pròpies, de maneres de ser i comportar-se i que la socialització només les modela, accentuant o apaivagant les manifestacions d'aquestes tendències. Per exemple, hi haurà persones naturalment més agressives o més introvertides i segons l'entorn on s'eduquin mostraran més o menys aquests trets en relació als altres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essencialisme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCartwright1968"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cartwright</span>, Richard L.&#32;«Some Remarks on Essentialism».&#32;<i>The Journal of Philosophy</i>,&#32;65,&#32;20,&#32;1968,&#32;pàg.&#160;615–626. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2024315">10.2307/2024315</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2024315">2024315</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFIribarrenGatell_PerezSerrano-Muñoz2024"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Iribarren</span>, Teresa&#59; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gatell Perez</span>, Montserrat&#59; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Serrano-Muñoz</span>, Jordi;&#32;CLUA i FAINÉ, Montserrat.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/libri/978-88-6969-747-0/">Literatura i violències masclistes. Guia per a treballs acadèmics</a>».&#32; Edizioni Ca' Foscari (CC-BY),&#32;2024.&#32;<a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>:&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-747-0">10.30687/978-88-6969-747-0</a>.&#32;[Consulta: 8 gener 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John P. Jackson, Nadine M. Weidman, Race, Racism, and Science: Social Impact and Interaction, Rutgers University Press, 2005,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coakley, John. (2018). "‘Primordialism’ in nationalism studies: theory or ideology?" Nations and Nationalism 24, no. 2: 327–347.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essencialisme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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