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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Autobiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autobiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slave_Narrative_Collection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slave_Narrative_Collection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Slave Narrative Collection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slave_Narrative_Collection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Peter Bruner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._and_Mrs._Peter_Bruner,_about_1919.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mr._and_Mrs._Peter_Bruner%2C_about_1919.png/220px-Mr._and_Mrs._Peter_Bruner%2C_about_1919.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mr._and_Mrs._Peter_Bruner%2C_about_1919.png/330px-Mr._and_Mrs._Peter_Bruner%2C_about_1919.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Mr._and_Mrs._Peter_Bruner%2C_about_1919.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="505" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Peter Bruner with his wife, about 1919.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1845<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Clark County, Winchester, Kentucky</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 6, 1938 (aged 93)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Oxford, Ohio</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Slave</li> <li>soldier</li> <li>custodian</li> <li>author</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>A Slave's Adventures Toward Freedom Not a Fiction, but the True Story of a Struggle</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Frances Proctor</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peter Bruner</b> (c. 1845 – April 6, 1938)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born a <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slave</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>. He escaped enslavement to join the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. After the war, he married and raised a family in Ohio. Collaborating with his daughter, he published his autobiography. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruner was born in about 1845, in <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Kentucky" title="Winchester, Kentucky">Winchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Kentucky" title="Clark County, Kentucky">Clark County, Kentucky</a>. His mother had three children, including Peter, and would fight with her master John Bell Bruner over her children.<sup id="cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter's father was his master.<sup id="cite_ref-Lest_we_forget_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lest_we_forget-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Bruner was about 10 years old John Bell Bruner was offered $800 for Peter, but told the man that "he was growing into money" and before long would be worth $200 more than that.<sup id="cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was removed from his mother at a young age and worked as a tanner; he was also hired out to work for others. Bruner was beaten and tried to escape many times,<sup id="cite_ref-Lest_we_forget_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lest_we_forget-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having endured "extreme physical violence and psychological deprivation."<sup id="cite_ref-Sheumaker_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheumaker-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blassingame1977_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blassingame1977-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sister of his owner threatened that: "she wanted to buy me for the sole purpose of whipping me; she said if she could whip me and break me in she could stop me from running off."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 25, 1864, after numerous attempts, he escaped slavery and joined the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> as a free man at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Nelson_Civil_War_Heritage_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Nelson Civil War Heritage Park">Camp Nelson</a> in Kentucky, serving in Company C of the <a href="/wiki/12th_Regiment_Heavy_Artillery_U.S._Colored_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Regiment Heavy Artillery U.S. Colored Troops">12th Regiment Heavy Artillery U.S. Colored Troops</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_book_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camp_Nelson_book-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his initial attempt to join the army in August 1863, he had been told it was a "white man's war".<sup id="cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_book_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camp_Nelson_book-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CimbalaMiller2010_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CimbalaMiller2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kentucky was the last state to accept African-American men into their army. In February 1864, there were 400 men who wanted to enlist and Col. Andrew H. Clark began enlisting them. By June of that year there were 1,500 enlisted colored soldiers. On June 13, 1864, restrictions were lifted requiring men to be free or have their owner's written permission to engage in the war. From that point forward, anyone who enlisted was <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">emancipated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_book_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camp_Nelson_book-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camp_Nelson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruner described the events of his second, successful attempt to enlist in his book <i>A Slave's Adventures Toward Freedom</i>: "The next morning about five o'clock I had gone twenty-one miles and had arrived at <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Kentucky" title="Richmond, Kentucky">Richmond</a>. After I had left Richmond I came upon sixteen colored fellows who were on their way to Camp Nelson and of course I did not get lonesome. Just a half hour before sundown we arrived at Camp Nelson and had come forty-one miles in that day. </p><p>The officers asked me what I wanted there and I told them that I came there to fight the rebels and that I wanted a gun".<sup id="cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camp_Nelson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Autobiography_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobiography-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camp Nelson became the third largest recruiting and training center for African-American men: more than 10,000 men were recruited there.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Unlike the all-white unit that guarded central Kentucky for the Union in 1863, the new army welcomed, initiated, trained, and commanded thousands of African American soldiers willing to fight the Confederates and, more immediately, to attain their freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-CimbalaMiller2010_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CimbalaMiller2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Bruner served in western and central Kentucky, performing <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> duty.<sup id="cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was mustered out of the army in 1866<sup id="cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and went to Winchester, Kentucky, to visit his mother, whom he had not seen for 18 years, before moving to Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peter_Bruner_48_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_Bruner_48-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peter Bruner is listed on plaque B-26 at the <a href="/wiki/African_American_Civil_War_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="African American Civil War Memorial">African American Civil War Memorial</a> in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1866, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Ohio" title="Oxford, Ohio">Oxford, Ohio</a>, where his aunt and uncle named the Brassfields lived. On March 10, 1868, he married Frances Proctor, the daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Free_black" class="mw-redirect" title="Free black">free black</a> farmer; they raised five children,<sup id="cite_ref-Lest_we_forget_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lest_we_forget-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sheumaker_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheumaker-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including four daughters, together.<sup id="cite_ref-Lest_we_forget_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lest_we_forget-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his family were long-term members of the Bethel <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a> (A.M.E. Church) in Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheumaker_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheumaker-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Home_where_Peter_Bruner_lived_as_a_young_man.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Home where Peter Bruner lived as a young man"><img alt="Home where Peter Bruner lived as a young man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Home_where_Peter_Bruner_lived_as_a_young_man.png/179px-Home_where_Peter_Bruner_lived_as_a_young_man.png" decoding="async" width="179" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Home_where_Peter_Bruner_lived_as_a_young_man.png/268px-Home_where_Peter_Bruner_lived_as_a_young_man.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Home_where_Peter_Bruner_lived_as_a_young_man.png/358px-Home_where_Peter_Bruner_lived_as_a_young_man.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Home where Peter Bruner lived as a young man</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Bruner%27s_family,_in_or_before_1919.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter Bruner's family, in or before 1919"><img alt="Peter Bruner's family, in or before 1919" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Peter_Bruner%27s_family%2C_in_or_before_1919.png/200px-Peter_Bruner%27s_family%2C_in_or_before_1919.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Peter_Bruner%27s_family%2C_in_or_before_1919.png/300px-Peter_Bruner%27s_family%2C_in_or_before_1919.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Peter_Bruner%27s_family%2C_in_or_before_1919.png/400px-Peter_Bruner%27s_family%2C_in_or_before_1919.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Peter Bruner's family, in or before 1919</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Home_where_Peter_Bruner_raised_his_family.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Home where Peter Bruner raised his family"><img alt="Home where Peter Bruner raised his family" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Home_where_Peter_Bruner_raised_his_family.png/200px-Home_where_Peter_Bruner_raised_his_family.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Home_where_Peter_Bruner_raised_his_family.png/300px-Home_where_Peter_Bruner_raised_his_family.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Home_where_Peter_Bruner_raised_his_family.png/400px-Home_where_Peter_Bruner_raised_his_family.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Home where Peter Bruner raised his family</div> </li> </ul> <p>Well liked in the community, he was appointed "Mayor for the Day" of Oxford, Ohio, in April 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miami_University">Miami University</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Miami University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruner worked as a custodian and messenger at <a href="/wiki/Western_Female_Seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Female Seminary">Western Female Seminary</a>, Oxford College, which merged into <a href="/wiki/Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U_of_K_Library_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U_of_K_Library-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was the first African-American man to work at Miami University.<sup id="cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U_of_K_Library_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U_of_K_Library-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He learned to read and write.<sup id="cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his autobiography he said that he went to school in Oxford and "studied reading, writing, geography and spelling, and have not got it yet".<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_Bruner_48_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_Bruner_48-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Bruner_at_Miami_University,_where_he_worked.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter Bruner at Miami University, where he worked."><img alt="Peter Bruner at Miami University, where he worked." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Peter_Bruner_at_Miami_University%2C_where_he_worked.png/200px-Peter_Bruner_at_Miami_University%2C_where_he_worked.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Peter_Bruner_at_Miami_University%2C_where_he_worked.png/300px-Peter_Bruner_at_Miami_University%2C_where_he_worked.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Peter_Bruner_at_Miami_University%2C_where_he_worked.png/400px-Peter_Bruner_at_Miami_University%2C_where_he_worked.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Peter Bruner at Miami University, where he worked.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Bruner,_the_day_President_Taft_visited_Miami_University.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter Bruner, the day President Taft visited Miami University"><img alt="Peter Bruner, the day President Taft visited Miami University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Peter_Bruner%2C_the_day_President_Taft_visited_Miami_University.png/133px-Peter_Bruner%2C_the_day_President_Taft_visited_Miami_University.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Peter_Bruner%2C_the_day_President_Taft_visited_Miami_University.png/199px-Peter_Bruner%2C_the_day_President_Taft_visited_Miami_University.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Peter_Bruner%2C_the_day_President_Taft_visited_Miami_University.png/265px-Peter_Bruner%2C_the_day_President_Taft_visited_Miami_University.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Peter Bruner, the day President Taft visited Miami University</div> </li> </ul> <p>Bruner often served as ceremonial greeter at the university, wearing top hat and tails. His top hat is exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/William_H._McGuffey_House" title="William H. McGuffey House">William H. McGuffey House Museum</a> at Miami University.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheumaker_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheumaker-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several of his grandchildren and great-grandchildren were able to graduate from Miami University, including Thomas Monroe Cheeks, Carrie Cheeks Morgan, Isabel Cheeks Lewis, Thomas Kelly, Margaret Greene McClain and James Cheeks. Many of his other descendants have graduated from other colleges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autobiography">Autobiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Autobiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With his daughter, Carrie Burns, he wrote an autobiography, <i>A Slave's Adventures Toward Freedom; Not Fiction, but the True Story of a Struggle</i>. Bruner states in the introduction: </p> <blockquote><p>In this book I have given the actual experiences of my own life. I thought in putting it in this form it might be of some inspiration to struggling men and women. In this great, free land of ours, every person, no matter how humble or how great seems the handicap, by industry and saving, can reach a position of independence and be of service to mankind.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slave_Narrative_Collection">Slave Narrative Collection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Slave Narrative Collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936, Bruner was interviewed for the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> <a href="/wiki/Slave_Narrative_Collection" title="Slave Narrative Collection">Slave Narrative Collection</a>. The interview did not reveal the same level of detail as his book. He left out personal information and did not delve into the more complex natures of individuals and the communities in which he lived. Blassingame theorizes that some of this may be due to memory loss, transcription errors, or concealment of some of the facts.<sup id="cite_ref-Blassingame1977_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blassingame1977-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WPA interview resulted in a couple of typed pages; Bruner's book was 54 pages in length.<sup id="cite_ref-Blassingame1977_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blassingame1977-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Books2006_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Books2006-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peter Bruner died on April 6, 1938,<sup id="cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of the African-American Civil War Veterans buried in Woodside Cemetery, Oxford, Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U_of_K_Library_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U_of_K_Library-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Exhibit at The Blue Grass Heritage Museum in the Agriculture Room, Winchester, Kentucky.<sup id="cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Listed as a Notable Kentucky African American by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kentucky Libraries">University of Kentucky Libraries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-U_of_K_Library_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U_of_K_Library-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Peter Bruner's autobiography included in the "entries in print edition" of the <a href="/wiki/African_American_National_Biography_Project" title="African American National Biography Project">African American National Biography</a> published in January 2008 as a joint project of the <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="W. E. B. Du Bois Institute">W. E. B. Du Bois Institute</a> for African and African American Research at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Peter Bruner: An Informal Discussion of His Life and Times." Presented by Blake Vaughan at <a href="/wiki/William_H._McGuffey_House" title="William H. McGuffey House">McGuffey Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Ohio" title="Oxford, Ohio">Oxford, Ohio</a>, on February 24, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prior to working at the organizations that became the united Miami University, Bruner worked as a watchman, handyman and farm laborer.<sup id="cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers'_Project2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Writers%27_Project" title="Federal Writers' Project">Federal Writers' Project</a> (2006). <i>Kentucky Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in Kentucky from Interviews with Former Slaves</i>. <a href="/wiki/Applewood_Books" title="Applewood Books">Applewood Books</a>. pp. 88–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55709-016-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55709-016-4"><bdi>978-1-55709-016-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kentucky+Slave+Narratives%3A+A+Folk+History+of+Slavery+in+Kentucky+from+Interviews+with+Former+Slaves&rft.pages=88-90&rft.pub=Applewood+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-55709-016-4&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_Grass_Heritage_Museum_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgheritage.com/html/childrens_page.html">"Children's Page"</a>. Bgheritage.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Children%27s+Page&rft.pub=Bgheritage.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgheritage.com%2Fhtml%2Fchildrens_page.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lest_we_forget-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lest_we_forget_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lest_we_forget_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lest_we_forget_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lest_we_forget_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Bradley_McClain,_a_descendant" class="citation web cs1">A. Bradley McClain, a descendant. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lestweforget.hamptonu.edu/page.cfm?uuid=9FEC4DDC-A07D-31D3-90FFF321E49A0037">"Peter Bruner and Richard Burns - Woodside Cemetery, Oxford, Ohio"</a>. <i>Lest We Forget: African American Military History by Historian, Author and Veteran Bennie McRae, Jr</i>. Hampton University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lest+We+Forget%3A+African+American+Military+History+by+Historian%2C+Author+and+Veteran+Bennie+McRae%2C+Jr.&rft.atitle=Peter+Bruner+and+Richard+Burns+-+Woodside+Cemetery%2C+Oxford%2C+Ohio&rft.au=A.+Bradley+McClain%2C+a+descendant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flestweforget.hamptonu.edu%2Fpage.cfm%3Fuuid%3D9FEC4DDC-A07D-31D3-90FFF321E49A0037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_Johnson2001" class="citation book cs1">Walter Johnson (March 2, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=341eqbt0x5oC&pg=PA20"><i>Soul by Soul: life inside the antebellum slave market</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00539-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00539-6"><bdi>978-0-674-00539-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soul+by+Soul%3A+life+inside+the+antebellum+slave+market&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2001-03-02&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00539-6&rft.au=Walter+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D341eqbt0x5oC%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kleber1992-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleber1992_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_E._Kleber1992" class="citation book cs1">John E. Kleber (18 May 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8eFSK4o--M0C&pg=PA133"><i>The Kentucky Encyclopedia</i></a>. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 133–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2883-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2883-2"><bdi>978-0-8131-2883-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kentucky+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=133-&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1992-05-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2883-2&rft.au=John+E.+Kleber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8eFSK4o--M0C%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sheumaker-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sheumaker_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheumaker_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheumaker_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheumaker_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelen_Sheumaker" class="citation web cs1">Helen Sheumaker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.units.muohio.edu/mcguffeymuseum/learn_more/bruneroxfpressarticlewebpage.htm">"An Escaped Slave's Legacy Lives On"</a>. Miami University (this article appeared in the Friday, March 13 edition of the Oxford Press, Cox Publishing Company)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Escaped+Slave%27s+Legacy+Lives+On&rft.pub=Miami+University+%28this+article+appeared+in+the+Friday%2C+March+13+edition+of+the+Oxford+Press%2C+Cox+Publishing+Company%29&rft.au=Helen+Sheumaker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.units.muohio.edu%2Fmcguffeymuseum%2Flearn_more%2Fbruneroxfpressarticlewebpage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blassingame1977-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blassingame1977_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blassingame1977_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blassingame1977_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_W._Blassingame1977" class="citation book cs1">John W. Blassingame (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EJBbh7oNZkkC&pg=PR57"><i>Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews and Autobiographies</i></a>. LSU Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-0273-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-0273-2"><bdi>978-0-8071-0273-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slave+Testimony%3A+Two+Centuries+of+Letters%2C+Speeches%2C+Interviews+and+Autobiographies&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=LSU+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-0273-2&rft.au=John+W.+Blassingame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEJBbh7oNZkkC%26pg%3DPR57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_Johnson2001" class="citation book cs1">Walter Johnson (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=341eqbt0x5oC&pg=PA107"><i>Soul by Soul</i></a>. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674005396" title="Special:BookSources/9780674005396"><bdi>9780674005396</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soul+by+Soul&rft.pages=107&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780674005396&rft.au=Walter+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D341eqbt0x5oC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Camp_Nelson_book-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_book_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_book_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_book_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_D._Sears2002" class="citation book cs1">Richard D. Sears (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AGRjpiR3630C&pg=PA104"><i>Camp Nelson, Kentucky: a Civil War history</i></a>. pp. 13–14, 104, 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/081312879X" title="Special:BookSources/081312879X"><bdi>081312879X</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Camp+Nelson%2C+Kentucky%3A+a+Civil+War+history&rft.pages=13-14%2C+104%2C+114&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=081312879X&rft.au=Richard+D.+Sears&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAGRjpiR3630C%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm?soldier_id=7aa2ca87-dc7a-df11-bf36-b8ac6f5d926a">"Peter Bruner in 12th Regiment, United States Colored Heavy Artillery"</a>. National Park Service: The Civil War<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Bruner+in+12th+Regiment%2C+United+States+Colored+Heavy+Artillery&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%3A+The+Civil+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcivilwar%2Fsearch-soldiers-detail.htm%3Fsoldier_id%3D7aa2ca87-dc7a-df11-bf36-b8ac6f5d926a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CimbalaMiller2010-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CimbalaMiller2010_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CimbalaMiller2010_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Alan_CimbalaRandall_Martin_Miller2010" class="citation book cs1">Paul Alan Cimbala; Randall Martin Miller (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l5YmOe6WHboC&pg=PA34"><i>The Great Task Remaining Before Us: Reconstruction As America's Continuing Civil War</i></a>. Fordham University Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-3202-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-3202-4"><bdi>978-0-8232-3202-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Task+Remaining+Before+Us%3A+Reconstruction+As+America%27s+Continuing+Civil+War&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-3202-4&rft.au=Paul+Alan+Cimbala&rft.au=Randall+Martin+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl5YmOe6WHboC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Camp_Nelson-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camp_Nelson_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwar.com/slavery/history-of-slavery/150144-emancipation-center-for-kentucky-camp-nelson.html">"Emancipation Center for Kentucky Camp Nelson"</a>. civilwar.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emancipation+Center+for+Kentucky+Camp+Nelson&rft.pub=civilwar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwar.com%2Fslavery%2Fhistory-of-slavery%2F150144-emancipation-center-for-kentucky-camp-nelson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Autobiography-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Autobiography_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Bruner1919" class="citation book cs1">Peter Bruner (1919). <i>A Slave's Adventures Toward Freedom</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Slave%27s+Adventures+Toward+Freedom&rft.date=1919&rft.au=Peter+Bruner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.12thuscha.com/coloredtroops.htm">"Camp Nelson: 12th United States Colored Heavy Artillery"</a>. 12thuscha.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Camp+Nelson%3A+12th+United+States+Colored+Heavy+Artillery&rft.pub=12thuscha.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.12thuscha.com%2Fcoloredtroops.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peter_Bruner_48-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_Bruner_48_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_Bruner_48_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Bruner" class="citation web cs1">Peter Bruner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/bruner/bruner.html">"A Slave's Adventures Toward Freedom; Not Fiction, but the True Story of a Struggle"</a>. <i>Documenting the American South</i>. University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. p. 48<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documenting+the+American+South&rft.atitle=A+Slave%27s+Adventures+Toward+Freedom%3B+Not+Fiction%2C+but+the+True+Story+of+a+Struggle&rft.pages=48&rft.au=Peter+Bruner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocsouth.unc.edu%2Fneh%2Fbruner%2Fbruner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://events.muohio.edu/event.php?event_id=95748&sid=7&cid=80&view=week&day=20090225&dayofweek=sunday">"Peter Bruner: An Informal Presentation on His Life and Times"</a>. Miami University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Bruner%3A+An+Informal+Presentation+on+His+Life+and+Times&rft.pub=Miami+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevents.muohio.edu%2Fevent.php%3Fevent_id%3D95748%26sid%3D7%26cid%3D80%26view%3Dweek%26day%3D20090225%26dayofweek%3Dsunday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/butlercountycw150/bc-civil-war-history/the-people/peter-brunner">"Peter Bruner"</a>. Butler County Civil War 150<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Bruner&rft.pub=Butler+County+Civil+War+150&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fbutlercountycw150%2Fbc-civil-war-history%2Fthe-people%2Fpeter-brunner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-U_of_K_Library-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-U_of_K_Library_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-U_of_K_Library_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-U_of_K_Library_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-U_of_K_Library_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uky.edu/Libraries/NKAA/date.php?date=1831,1850">"Notable Kentucky African Americans"</a>. Uky.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notable+Kentucky+African+Americans&rft.pub=Uky.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uky.edu%2FLibraries%2FNKAA%2Fdate.php%3Fdate%3D1831%2C1850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.lib.muohio.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/afamhist&CISOPTR=263&CISOBOX=1&REC=1">"Digital Collections - Miami University Libraries: Item Viewer"</a>. Digital.lib.muohio.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digital+Collections+-+Miami+University+Libraries%3A+Item+Viewer&rft.pub=Digital.lib.muohio.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.muohio.edu%2Fcdm4%2Fitem_viewer.php%3FCISOROOT%3D%2Fafamhist%26CISOPTR%3D263%26CISOBOX%3D1%26REC%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruner" class="citation web cs1">Bruner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/bruner/bruner.html">"A Slave's Adventures Toward Freedom"</a>. <i>Documenting the American South</i>. University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documenting+the+American+South&rft.atitle=A+Slave%27s+Adventures+Toward+Freedom&rft.pages=7&rft.au=Bruner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocsouth.unc.edu%2Fneh%2Fbruner%2Fbruner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Books2006-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Books2006_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers'_Project2006" class="citation book cs1">Federal Writers' Project (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RD5puCbz5RMC&pg=PA88"><i>Kentucky Slave Narratives</i></a>. Applewood Books. pp. 88–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557090164" title="Special:BookSources/9781557090164"><bdi>9781557090164</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kentucky+Slave+Narratives&rft.pages=88-89&rft.pub=Applewood+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781557090164&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRD5puCbz5RMC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/CEM_WOOD.HTM">"Woodside Cemetery"</a>. Coax.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Woodside+Cemetery&rft.pub=Coax.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coax.net%2Fpeople%2Flwf%2FCEM_WOOD.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dubois.fas.harvard.edu/AANB-2">"African American National Biography | W. E. B. Du Bois Institute"</a>. Dubois.fas.harvard.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+American+National+Biography+%26%23124%3B+W.+E.+B.+Du+Bois+Institute&rft.pub=Dubois.fas.harvard.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdubois.fas.harvard.edu%2FAANB-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.units.muohio.edu/mcguffeymuseum/learn_more/presentations.html">"Special Presentations: February 24, 2009, Peter Bruner: Slave, Soldier and Celebrated Oxford Citizen"</a>. McGuffey Museum, Miami University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Presentations%3A+February+24%2C+2009%2C+Peter+Bruner%3A+Slave%2C+Soldier+and+Celebrated+Oxford+Citizen&rft.pub=McGuffey+Museum%2C+Miami+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.units.muohio.edu%2Fmcguffeymuseum%2Flearn_more%2Fpresentations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruner&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaron_Astor2012" class="citation book cs1">Aaron Astor (1 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8_rTSL86FWYC"><i>Rebels on the Border: Civil War, Emancipation, and the Reconstruction of Kentucky and Missouri</i></a>. LSU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-4300-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-4300-1"><bdi>978-0-8071-4300-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebels+on+the+Border%3A+Civil+War%2C+Emancipation%2C+and+the+Reconstruction+of+Kentucky+and+Missouri&rft.pub=LSU+Press&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-4300-1&rft.au=Aaron+Astor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_rTSL86FWYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarion_B._Lucas2003" class="citation book cs1">Marion B. Lucas (1 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=84Qf2qKyZiEC&pg=PA45"><i>A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891</i></a>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-916968-32-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-916968-32-8"><bdi>978-0-916968-32-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Blacks+in+Kentucky%3A+From+Slavery+to+Segregation%2C+1760-1891&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0-916968-32-8&rft.au=Marion+B.+Lucas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D84Qf2qKyZiEC%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Bruner" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slave_narratives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slave_narrative" title="Template:Slave narrative"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slave_narrative" title="Template talk:Slave narrative"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slave_narrative" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slave narrative"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slave_narratives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slave_narrative" title="Slave narrative">Slave narratives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Narrative_Collection" title="Slave Narrative Collection">Slave Narrative Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals<br />by continent<br />of enslavement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Adams_(sailor)" title="Robert Adams (sailor)">Robert Adams</a> (c. 1790–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Berg_(1714-1761)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Berg (1714-1761)">Marcus Berg</a> (1714-1761)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bok" title="Francis Bok">Francis Bok</a> (b. 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Brassard" title="Isaac Brassard">Isaac Brassard</a> (1620–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Caronni" title="Felice Caronni">Felice Caronni </a> (1747–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Leander_Cathcart" title="James Leander Cathcart">James Leander Cathcart</a> (1767–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93lafur_Egilsson" title="Ólafur Egilsson">Ólafur Egilsson</a> (1564–1639)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Kilekwa" title="Petro Kilekwa">Petro Kilekwa</a> (late 19th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Marsh" title="Elizabeth Marsh">Elizabeth Marsh</a> (1735–1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_ter_Meetelen" title="Maria ter Meetelen">Maria ter Meetelen</a> (1704–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Nazer" title="Mende Nazer">Mende Nazer</a> (b. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hark_Olufs" title="Hark Olufs">Hark Olufs</a> (1708–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pellow" title="Thomas Pellow">Thomas Pellow</a> (1705–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pitts_(author)" title="Joseph Pitts (author)">Joseph Pitts</a> (1663 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1735</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0r%C3%AD%C3%B0ur_S%C3%ADmonard%C3%B3ttir" title="Guðríður Símonardóttir">Guðríður Símonardóttir</a> (1598–1682)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Qaurtier" title="Antoine Qaurtier">Antoine Qaurtier</a> (1632–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Matth%C3%A4us_Wolfgang" title="Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang">Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang</a> (1660–1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Wolffgang" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Georg Wolffgang">Johann Georg Wolffgang</a> (1644–1744)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigitta_Scherzenfeldt" title="Brigitta Scherzenfeldt">Brigitta Scherzenfeldt</a> (1684–1736)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_Vratislav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav Vratislav (page does not exist)">Václav Vratislav</a> (1576–1635)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovisa_von_Burghausen" title="Lovisa von Burghausen">Lovisa von Burghausen</a> (1698–1733)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaudah_Equiano" title="Olaudah Equiano">Olaudah Equiano</a> (c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukawsaw_Gronniosaw" title="Ukawsaw Gronniosaw">Ukawsaw Gronniosaw</a> (c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marteilhe" title="Jean Marteilhe">Jean Marteilhe</a> (1684-1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roustam_Raza" title="Roustam Raza">Roustam Raza</a> (1783–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunzio_Otello_Francesco_Gioacchino" title="Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino">Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino</a> (1792 – fl. 1828)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Ottoman Empire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Schiltberger" title="Johann Schiltberger">Johann Schiltberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Konstantin Mihailović">Konstantin Mihailović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_of_Hungary" title="George of Hungary">George of Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">North America:<br />Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph_Ang%C3%A9lique" title="Marie-Joseph Angélique">Marie-Joseph Angélique</a> (c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Jewitt" title="John R. Jewitt">John R. Jewitt</a> (1783 England – 1821 United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">North America:<br />Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_Manzano" title="Juan Francisco Manzano">Juan Francisco Manzano</a> (1797–1854, Cuba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Montejo" title="Esteban Montejo">Esteban Montejo</a> (1860–1965, Cuba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince" title="Mary Prince">Mary Prince</a> (c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833)</li> <li>Venerable <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Toussaint" title="Pierre Toussaint">Pierre Toussaint</a> (1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Xiorro" title="Marcos Xiorro">Marcos Xiorro</a> (c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">North America:<br />United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Aleckson" title="Sam Aleckson">Sam Aleckson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Anderson" title="Jordan Anderson">Jordan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Anderson" title="William J. Anderson">William J. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Maurice_Arter" title="Jared Maurice Arter">Jared Maurice Arter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Bayley" title="Solomon Bayley">Solomon Bayley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Berry" title="Polly Berry">Polly Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bibb" title="Henry Bibb">Henry Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Black" title="Leonard Black">Leonard Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a> (1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Box_Brown" title="Henry Box Brown">Henry "Box" Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(fugitive_slave)" title="John Brown (fugitive slave)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wells_Brown" title="William Wells Brown">William Wells Brown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Bruner</a> (1845 KY – 1938 OH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_and_William_Craft" title="Ellen and William Craft">Ellen and William Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Crafts" title="Hannah Crafts">Hannah Crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucinda_Davis" title="Lucinda Davis">Lucinda Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Davis_(Baptist_minister)" title="Noah Davis (Baptist minister)">Noah Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Delaney" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucy Delaney">Lucy Delaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayuba_Suleiman_Diallo" title="Ayuba Suleiman Diallo">Ayuba Suleiman Diallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Drumgoold" title="Kate Drumgoold">Kate Drumgoold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Winston_Early" title="Jordan Winston Early">Jordan Winston Early</a> (1814 – after 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jane_Woodson_Early" title="Sarah Jane Woodson Early">Sarah Jane Woodson Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fossett" title="Peter Fossett">Peter Fossett</a> (1815 <a href="/wiki/Monticello" title="Monticello">Monticello</a>–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_George_(Baptist)" title="David George (Baptist)">David George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Grandy" title="Moses Grandy">Moses Grandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lear_Green" title="Lear Green">Lear Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Green_(former_slave)" title="William Green (former slave)">William Green</a> (19th century <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grimes_(ex-slave)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Grimes (ex-slave)">William Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Henson" title="Josiah Henson">Josiah Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Hughes" title="Fountain Hughes">Fountain Hughes</a> (1848/1854 VA – 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_ibn_Said" title="Omar ibn Said">Omar ibn Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Jackson" title="John Andrew Jackson">John Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_James_(minister)" title="Thomas James (minister)">Thomas James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jea" title="John Jea">John Jea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jennings_(slave)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Jennings (slave)">Paul Jennings</a> (1799–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Keckley" title="Elizabeth Keckley">Elizabeth Keckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_King" title="Boston King">Boston King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunsford_Lane" title="Lunsford Lane">Lunsford Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Vance_Lewis" title="J. Vance Lewis">J. Vance Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jermain_Wesley_Loguen" title="Jermain Wesley Loguen">Jermain Wesley Loguen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mars" title="James Mars">James Mars</a> (1790–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Northup" title="Solomon Northup">Solomon Northup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensbury_Washington_Offley" title="Greensbury Washington Offley">Greensbury Washington Offley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parker_(abolitionist)" title="John Parker (abolitionist)">John Parker</a> (1827 VA – 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parker_(abolitionist)" title="William Parker (abolitionist)">William Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robinson_(soldier,_born_1753)" title="James Robinson (soldier, born 1753)">James Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Roper" title="Moses Roper">Moses Roper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Singleton" title="William Henry Singleton">William Henry Singleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lindsay_Smith" title="James Lindsay Smith">James Lindsay Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_Smith" title="Venture Smith">Venture Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Steward" title="Austin Steward">Austin Steward</a> (1793 VA – 1860)</li> <li>Venerable <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Toussaint" title="Pierre Toussaint">Pierre Toussaint</a> (1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Turnage" title="Wallace Turnage">Wallace Turnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Veney" title="Bethany Veney">Bethany Veney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Willis" title="Wallace Willis">Wallace Willis</a> (19th century Indian Territory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_E._Wilson" title="Harriet E. Wilson">Harriet E. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_Zembola" title="Zamba Zembola">Zamba Zembola</a> (b. c. 1780 Congo)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahommah_Gardo_Baquaqua" title="Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua">Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua</a> (1845–1847, Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Bur%C3%ADa" title="Miguel de Buría">Miguel de Buría</a> (? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osifekunde" title="Osifekunde">Osifekunde</a> (c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Interesting_Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Olaudah_Equiano" title="The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano">The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano</a></i> (1789)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Narrative_of_Robert_Adams" title="The Narrative of Robert Adams">The Narrative of Robert Adams</a></i> (1816)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Slavery_as_It_Is" class="mw-redirect" title="American Slavery as It Is">American Slavery as It Is</a></i> (1839)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Frederick_Douglass,_an_American_Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave">Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Josiah_Henson,_Formerly_a_Slave,_Now_an_Inhabitant_of_Canada,_as_Narrated_by_Himself" title="The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself">The Life of Josiah Henson</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Years_a_Slave" title="Twelve Years a Slave">Twelve Years a Slave</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Bondage_and_My_Freedom" title="My Bondage and My Freedom">My Bondage and My Freedom</a></i> (1855)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incidents_in_the_Life_of_a_Slave_Girl" title="Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl">Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(Still)" title="The Underground Railroad (Still)">The Underground Railroad Records</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_and_Times_of_Frederick_Douglass" title="Life and Times of Frederick Douglass">Life and Times of Frederick Douglass</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Up_from_Slavery" title="Up from Slavery">Up from Slavery</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave_Narrative_Collection" title="Slave Narrative Collection">Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States</a></i> (1936–38)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peculiar_Institution" title="The Peculiar Institution">The Peculiar Institution</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Slave_Community" title="The Slave Community">The Slave Community</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barracoon:_The_Story_of_the_Last_%22Black_Cargo%22" title="Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"">Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_slavery" title="Category:Novels about slavery">Fiction/novels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oroonoko" title="Oroonoko">Oroonoko</a></i> (1688)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sab_(novel)" title="Sab (novel)">Sab</a></i> (1841)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Heroic_Slave" title="The Heroic Slave">The Heroic Slave</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clotel" title="Clotel">Clotel</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bondwoman%27s_Narrative" title="The Bondwoman's Narrative">The Bondwoman's Narrative</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1853</span> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1861</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred:_A_Tale_of_the_Great_Dismal_Swamp" title="Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp">Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Nig" title="Our Nig">Our Nig</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(novel)" title="Jubilee (novel)">Jubilee</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Nat_Turner" title="The Confessions of Nat Turner">The Confessions of Nat Turner</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots: The Saga of an American Family</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Underground_to_Canada" title="Underground to Canada">Underground to Canada</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kindred_(novel)" title="Kindred (novel)">Kindred</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dessa_Rose" title="Dessa Rose">Dessa Rose</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beloved_(novel)" title="Beloved (novel)">Beloved</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Passage_(novel)" title="Middle Passage (novel)">Middle Passage</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen:_The_Story_of_an_American_Family" title="Queen: The Story of an American Family">Queen: The Story of an American Family</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hang_a_Thousand_Trees_with_Ribbons" title="Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons">Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ama:_A_Story_of_the_Atlantic_Slave_Trade" title="Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade">Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walk_Through_Darkness" title="Walk Through Darkness">Walk Through Darkness</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Known_World" title="The Known World">The Known World</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unburnable" title="Unburnable">Unburnable</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Negroes_(novel)" title="The Book of Negroes (novel)">The Book of Negroes</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)">The Underground Railroad</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Young adult books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amos_Fortune,_Free_Man" title="Amos Fortune, Free Man">Amos Fortune, Free Man</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Juan_de_Pareja" title="I, Juan de Pareja">I, Juan de Pareja</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copper_Sun" title="Copper Sun">Copper Sun</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/To_a_Southern_Slaveholder" title="To a Southern Slaveholder">To a Southern Slaveholder</a>" (1848)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Key_to_Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin">A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i> (1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Escape;_or,_A_Leap_for_Freedom" title="The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom">The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom</a></i> (1858)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Octoroon" title="The Octoroon">The Octoroon</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omar_(opera)" title="Omar (opera)">Omar</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Unchained_Memories" title="Unchained Memories">Unchained Memories</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_and_the_White_Negro" title="Frederick Douglass and the White Negro">Frederick Douglass and the White Negro</a></i> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">African-American literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Tom_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Tom novels">Anti-Tom novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captivity_narrative" title="Captivity narrative">Captivity narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_literature" title="Caribbean literature">Caribbean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Films featuring slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Underground_Railroad" title="Songs of the Underground Railroad">Songs of the Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_American_enslaved_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of last surviving American enslaved people">List of last surviving American enslaved people</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Negroes" title="Book of Negroes">Book of Negroes</a></i> (1783)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Plantation_Record_and_Account_Book" title="Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book">Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book</a></i> (1847)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave-Trading_in_the_Old_South" title="Slave-Trading in the Old South">Slave-Trading in the Old South</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave_Songs_of_the_United_States" title="Slave Songs of the United States">Slave Songs of the United States</a></i> (1867)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace:_An_Anthology_of_Poems_about_Slavery" title="Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery">Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hemingses_of_Monticello" title="The Hemingses of Monticello">The Hemingses of Monticello</a></i> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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