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<li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formation_and_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_and_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Formation and training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_and_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_engagements,_1917" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_engagements,_1917"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Early engagements, 1917</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_engagements,_1917-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1916-1991 Australian Army division</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">3rd Division</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AWM_C04101_35th_Battalion_8_August_1918.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/AWM_C04101_35th_Battalion_8_August_1918.jpeg/220px-AWM_C04101_35th_Battalion_8_August_1918.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/AWM_C04101_35th_Battalion_8_August_1918.jpeg/330px-AWM_C04101_35th_Battalion_8_August_1918.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/AWM_C04101_35th_Battalion_8_August_1918.jpeg/440px-AWM_C04101_35th_Battalion_8_August_1918.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="290" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">3rd Division troops around Lena Wood, 8 August 1918</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1916–1919<br />1921–1946<br />1948–1991</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">~13,000 to 18,000 personnel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/II_ANZAC_Corps" title="II ANZAC Corps">II ANZAC Corps</a> (1916–1917)<br /><a href="/wiki/Australian_Corps" title="Australian Corps">Australian Corps</a> (1917–1919)<br /><a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Australia)" title="I Corps (Australia)">I Corps</a> (1942–1944)<br /><a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(Australia)" title="II Corps (Australia)">II Corps</a> (1944–1945)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data">World War I <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li></ul> <p>World War II </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamaua-Lae_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamaua-Lae campaign">Salamaua–Lae campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_campaign" title="Bougainville campaign">Bougainville campaign</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Monash" title="John Monash">John Monash</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Gellibrand" title="John Gellibrand">John Gellibrand</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harold_Elliott_(Australian_Army_officer)" title="Harold Elliott (Australian Army officer)">Harold Elliott</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blamey" title="Thomas Blamey">Thomas Blamey</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Savige" title="Stanley Savige">Stanley Savige</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Bridgeford" title="William Bridgeford">William Bridgeford</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Wootten" title="George Wootten">George Wootten</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Unit_colour_patch" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit colour patch">Unit colour patch</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3rd_aus_div.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/3rd_aus_div.svg/70px-3rd_aus_div.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/3rd_aus_div.svg/105px-3rd_aus_div.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/3rd_aus_div.svg/140px-3rd_aus_div.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>3rd Division</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_(military_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division (military unit)">division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a>. Existing during various periods between 1916 and 1991, it is considered the "longest serving Australian Army division".<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first formed during World War I, as an infantry division of the <a href="/wiki/First_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="First Australian Imperial Force">Australian Imperial Force</a> and saw service on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> in France and Belgium. During this time it fought major battles at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messines_(1917)" title="Battle of Messines (1917)">Messines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Broodseinde_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Broodseinde Ridge">Broodseinde Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Passchendaele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Amiens</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_St_Quentin_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the St Quentin Canal">St Quentin Canal</a>. </p><p>The division was demobilised in 1919 before being re-raised in 1921 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Reserve" title="Australian Army Reserve">Citizen Forces</a>, based in central <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the division's establishment fluctuated due to the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and a general apathy towards military matters. </p><p>During World War II, the division was mobilised for war in December 1941 and initially undertook defensive duties in Australia before being deployed to <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea</a> in 1943 where they took part in the <a href="/wiki/Salamaua-Lae_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamaua-Lae campaign">Salamaua–Lae campaign</a> against the Japanese in 1943–1944, before returning to Australia for rest and reorganisation. In late 1944 they were sent to <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville</a> to take part in the <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_campaign" title="Bougainville campaign">Bougainville campaign</a> the final campaign of the war. There they undertook a series of advances across the island before the war came to an end in August 1945. </p><p>Following the end of hostilities the division was disbanded in December 1945 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Demobilisation_of_the_Australian_military_after_World_War_II" title="Demobilisation of the Australian military after World War II">demobilisation process</a>, but was it later re-raised in 1948 as part of the Citizens Military Force. It subsequently served through the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> as a reserve formation until 1991 when the division was disbanded for a final time as the Australian Army was restructured and the focus of Australian field force operations shifted from the divisions to <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Formation_and_training">Formation and training</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Formation and training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1916, following the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli campaign</a>, the decision was made to expand the size of the <a href="/wiki/First_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="First Australian Imperial Force">Australian Imperial Force</a> (AIF).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time there were two divisions in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>—the <a href="/wiki/1st_Division_(Australia)" title="1st Division (Australia)">1st</a> and <a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Australia)" title="2nd Division (Australia)">2nd</a>—and of these, one of them (the 1st) was split up to provide a <a href="/wiki/En_cadre" class="mw-redirect" title="En cadre">cadre</a> upon which to raise the <a href="/wiki/4th_Division_(Australia)" title="4th Division (Australia)">4th</a> and <a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Australia)" title="5th Division (Australia)">5th Divisions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time the decision to raise a fifth division from fresh volunteers in Australia was also made and as a result the 3rd Division was officially raised on 2 February 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon formation, the division drew its personnel from all Australian states and consisted of three four-<a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a> infantry <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a>—the <a href="/wiki/9th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="9th Brigade (Australia)">9th</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="10th Brigade (Australia)">10th</a> and the <a href="/wiki/11th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="11th Brigade (Australia)">11th</a>—and a number of supporting elements including engineers, artillery and medical personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only rudimentary initial training was undertaken before elements of the division began the embarkation process in May and June 1916 as they were moved to the United Kingdom, where the individual sub units concentrated for the first time, received arms and other equipment and began the task of undertaking further training at <a href="/wiki/Larkhill" title="Larkhill">Larkhill</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain_Training_Area" title="Salisbury Plain Training Area">Salisbury Plain Training Area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo21_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo21-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July the division's artillery component was formed, consisting of three <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">batteries</a> of <a href="/wiki/18-pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="18-pounder">18-pounders</a> and one 4.5 inch <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzer</a> battery.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process of raising and training took some time and consequently the division was not transferred to France until mid November 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo21_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo21-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, however, the division endured proposals to break it up to provide reinforcements to the other four Australian divisions that were already in France. Although these threats passed, in early September 1916, following losses around <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pozi%C3%A8res" title="Battle of Pozières">Pozières</a>, almost 3,000 men from the 3rd Division were transferred.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout October it seemed likely that further drafts would be siphoned away from the division, however, this did not occur and in early November two divisional exercises were undertaken. Finally, on 21 November 1916, the 3rd Division crossed the English Channel and arrived in France.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the command of <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Monash" title="John Monash">John Monash</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the division was assigned to <a href="/wiki/II_ANZAC_Corps" title="II ANZAC Corps">II ANZAC Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo24_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo24-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the next two years they would take part in most of the major battles that the Australians fought on the Western Front. Initially they were deployed around <a href="/wiki/Armenti%C3%A8res" title="Armentières">Armentières</a> in a "quiet" sector of the line, where they gained their first experiences of trench warfare, conducting patrols into <a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="No Man's Land">No Man's Land</a> and minor raids on the German trenches opposite them during the winter months.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_engagements,_1917"><span id="Early_engagements.2C_1917"></span>Early engagements, 1917</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early engagements, 1917"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By January 1917 the 3rd Division's artillery had been reorganised so that it consisted of two field artillery brigades, each of which consisted of three six-gun 18-pounder batteries and twelve 4.5 inch howitzers. These brigades were the 7th (consisting of the 25th, 26th, 27th and 107th Batteries) and the 8th (29th, 30th, 31st and 108th Batteries).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1917 the division was moved to the Messines–Wytschaete Ridge section of the line in Belgium, taking up a position on the extreme right of II ANZAC Corps, with the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Division" title="New Zealand Division">New Zealand Division</a> to its left.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was here, in early June 1917, that the division undertook its first major engagement of the war when it was committed to the fighting during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messines_(1917)" title="Battle of Messines (1917)">Battle of Messines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monash tasked the 9th and 10th Brigades to provide the assault force for the 3rd Division's part of the operation, while the 11th Brigade was to act as the divisional reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo33_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo33-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the division's assault units began their approach march towards the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Departure" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of Departure">Line of Departure</a> late on the evening of 6 June, the German artillery opened up with a gas bombardment that severely hindered the march, breaking up the assaulting units as men became lost. Suffering over 2,000 casualties before the battle even began, many of the division's assault units reached their assembly points with less than 200 men, nevertheless they arrived on time and at the appointed hour, after a number of mines were exploded in front of their positions, the assault began.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exploding mines had destroyed a large part of the German line and as a result initial resistance was quickly overcome by the division's lead battalions—the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="33rd Battalion (Australia)">33rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/34th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="34th Battalion (Australia)">34th</a>, <a href="/wiki/38th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="38th Battalion (Australia)">38th</a> and <a href="/wiki/39th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="39th Battalion (Australia)">39th</a>—and by 5 am, the division had gained the crest of the Messines ridge and began digging in to defend against a possible <a href="/wiki/Counter-attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-attack">counter-attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo33_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo33-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the engagements that followed the division largely played only a supporting role.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo33_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo33-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following this, the division's next major engagement came on 4 October 1917 when it took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Broodseinde_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Broodseinde Ridge">Battle of Broodseinde Ridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time the 9th Brigade was held back in reserve, while the 10th and 11th Brigades led the division forward. Attacking on the left of the Australian 2nd Division and the right of the New Zealand Division, early on the morning of the scheduled start of the attack the German artillery opened up on the division's eight assaulting infantry battalions as they stood to in the open ready to step off. Conserving their artillery for the main attack, the supporting Allied artillery only provided limited counter-battery fire and the division suffered heavily as they were forced to endure an hour-long barrage before zero hour came at 6 am.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the <a href="/wiki/37th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="37th Battalion (Australia)">37th</a> and <a href="/wiki/43rd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="43rd Battalion (Australia)">43rd Battalions</a> led the advance towards the German lines, supported by small teams of mortarmen and machine gunners, the Germans launched their own attack, however, the Australian assault had taken them by surprise and after some initial resistance, the German assault troops began to fall back or surrender. As the follow-on battalions exploited the ground gained in the initial assault the advance continued and by 9:15 am the 3rd Division had carried the ridge and begun to dig in, having advanced 2,000 yards (1,800 m).<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo37_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo37-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A counterattack late in the day on the 11th Brigade's position was turned back, sealing a stunning success for the 3rd Division. Nevertheless, the division's casualties were high, with over 1,800 men killed or wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo37_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo37-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his actions during the attack, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Peeler" title="Walter Peeler">Walter Peeler</a>, a Lewis-gunner from the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Pioneer_Battalion_(Australia)" title="3rd Pioneer Battalion (Australia)">3rd Pioneer Battalion</a> who was attached to 37th Battalion for anti-aircraft duties received the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> after he personally led the assault on a number of German positions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They held the line for a further three days before being withdrawn for rest and reorganisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo38_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo38-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 October 1917 the division returned to the front and began to make preparations to assault <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Passchendaele Ridge</a>, an advance of over 3,000 yards (2,700 m). Heavy rain, however, had turned the battlefield into a thick, muddy morass and as a result transportation and resupply efforts were hampered as were attempts to reposition the supporting artillery and as a consequence when the attack went in at 5:25 am on 12 October the 9th and 10th Brigades had only limited fire support.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo38_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo38-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With only a fraction of the guns required and limited ammunition, the artillery that was supposed to provide a creeping barrage behind which the infantry were to advance could only provide a thin bombardment. Nevertheless, the mud was so thick that the infantry were unable to keep up with the barrage and, unable to maintain the required rate of advance, they eventually they fell behind the barrage and lost any cover that it might otherwise have provided.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon reaching the Bellevue Spur, the assaulting infantry, caught in the open upon the barbed wire in front of the German positions,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suffered heavily at the hands of the German artillery that was able to fire without answer from the British batteries that had run out of ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the 10th Brigade managed to reach its first objective, as did the 9th which even pushed on to its second, however, as they began to receive <a href="/wiki/Enfilade" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfilade">enfilade</a> fire from their left flank where the New Zealand Division's attack had ground to a halt, the Germans began massing for a counterattack and the Australian positions quickly became untenable. On the division's right flank another gap had begun to develop as they lost contact with the Australian 4th Division and as a result the order to retire was passed.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they returned to the start line, the assault units were relieved by the 11th Brigade, which had formed the divisional reserve. By the end of the day, the division had lost almost 3,200 men killed or wounded. They played no further offensive role in the battle and were eventually removed from the line on 22 October as the Canadians took over from them.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo41_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo41-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fighting around Passchendaele proved to be the division's last offensive actions for 1917 and they spent the winter months in the rear training, or undertaking defensive duties in reasonably quiet sectors of the line as they were reformed and brought back up to strength.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo41_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo41-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time also, the five Australian divisions on the Western Front were reorganised into a unified command structure under the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Corps" title="Australian Corps">Australian Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo41_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo41-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="German_Spring_Offensive,_1918"><span id="German_Spring_Offensive.2C_1918"></span>German Spring Offensive, 1918</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: German Spring Offensive, 1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Order_of_Battle,_3rd_Division_(c._1918)1924" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Order of Battle, 3rd Division (c. 1918)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Parent unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Corps" title="Australian Corps">Australian Corps</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="9th Brigade (Australia)">9th Brigade</a> (New South Wales)<sup id="cite_ref-Kuring91_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuring91-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="33rd Battalion (Australia)">33rd Battalion</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="34th Battalion (Australia)">34th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="35th Battalion (Australia)">35th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="36th Battalion (Australia)">36th Battalion</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="10th Brigade (Australia)">10th Brigade</a> (Victoria)<sup id="cite_ref-Kuring91_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuring91-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/37th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="37th Battalion (Australia)">37th Battalion</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="38th Battalion (Australia)">38th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="39th Battalion (Australia)">39th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="40th Battalion (Australia)">40th Battalion</a> (Tasmania)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="11th Brigade (Australia)">11th Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kuring91_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuring91-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/41st_Battalion_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="41st Battalion (Australia)">41st Battalion</a> (Queensland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="42nd Battalion (Australia)">42nd Battalion</a> (Queensland)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="43rd Battalion (Australia)">43rd Battalion</a> (South Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="44th Battalion (Australia)">44th Battalion</a> (Western Australia)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Pioneer_Battalion_(Australia)" title="3rd Pioneer Battalion (Australia)">3rd Pioneer Battalion</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kuring91_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuring91-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Machine_Gun_Battalion_(Australia)" title="3rd Machine Gun Battalion (Australia)">3rd Machine Gun Battalion</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kuring91_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuring91-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3rd Divisional Engineers<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>9th Field Company</li> <li>10th Field Company</li> <li>11th Field Company</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Artillery_Units,_World_War_I#3rd_Division_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Army Artillery Units, World War I">3rd Division Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Medical_Units,_World_War_I#3rd_Division_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Army Medical Units, World War I">3rd Division Field Ambulance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In March 1918 the Germans launched their <a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">Spring Offensive</a> near <a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin,_Aisne" title="Saint-Quentin, Aisne">Saint-Quentin</a> and as the Allied line collapsed, the German forces advanced swiftly into the <a href="/wiki/Somme_(river)" title="Somme (river)">Somme valley</a>. Believing that another attack would be directed against the forces in the <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> sector, in an effort to reinforce the British forces there, the Allied commanders recalled the 3rd Division was recalled from its quiet sector around Armentières and sent it to Ypres.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo42_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo42-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attack came, however, at the Somme and so on 24 March the division was transferred south to help stem the advance and defend the approaches towards the important railhead at <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>. Temporarily placed under the command of the <a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="VII Corps (United Kingdom)">British VII Corps</a>, the division took up position to the east of Amiens in between the Ancre and Somme Rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo42_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo42-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lacking any reserves and possessing only limited artillery support, the division's engineers prepared the bridges over the rivers for detonation. From 27 March onwards minor actions were fought along the line as the German advance began to reach the Australians. On 30 March, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Morlancourt" title="First Battle of Morlancourt">First Battle of Morlancourt</a>, a serious attempt at penetrating the line around Sailly-Laurette was held and broken up by the 11th Brigade, with German losses being assessed at around one and a half brigades, or roughly between 3,000 and 4,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the 9th Brigade was detached from the division and sent south, where it participated in a <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Villers-Bretonneux" title="First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux">counter-attack around Villers-Bretonneux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 April, further attempts were made and in the confusion the charges that had been placed on the Bouzencourt Bridge were fired and it was dropped into the Somme Canal.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the attempt was beaten off by the 10th Brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo45_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo45-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this the Australians were able to begin taking the initiative and throughout May they began to slowly recapture some of the ground that had been lost earlier as they undertook a series of <a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Penetration" class="mw-redirect" title="Peaceful Penetration">Peaceful Penetration</a> operations,<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo45_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo45-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Morlancourt" title="Second Battle of Morlancourt">Second Battle of Morlancourt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlyon2006635_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlyon2006635-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1918, the 3rd Division's commander, Monash, was promoted to take over command of the Australian Corps and as a result Major General <a href="/wiki/John_Gellibrand" title="John Gellibrand">John Gellibrand</a> took over as divisional commander.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo46_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo46-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Amiens,_1918"><span id="Battle_of_Amiens.2C_1918"></span>Battle of Amiens, 1918</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle of Amiens, 1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian108thHowitzerBatteryBray26August1918.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Australian108thHowitzerBatteryBray26August1918.jpeg/220px-Australian108thHowitzerBatteryBray26August1918.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Australian108thHowitzerBatteryBray26August1918.jpeg/330px-Australian108thHowitzerBatteryBray26August1918.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Australian108thHowitzerBatteryBray26August1918.jpeg/440px-Australian108thHowitzerBatteryBray26August1918.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>The 108th Howitzer Battery in action around Bray, August 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>On 8 August 1918, the Allies launched their <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a> around Amiens and the 3rd Division was tasked with leading the Australian Corps part in the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo47_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo47-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this stage, the divisional artillery consisted of three field brigades,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and under the cover of a heavy artillery bombardment provided by nine field brigades that were organised in three supporting sub-groups,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and supported by tanks and gas, the attack began at 4:20 am.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo47_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo47-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weight of the Allied fire support was intense as over 2,000 artillery pieces opened up on the German defences.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assaulting infantry battalions were each assigned a frontage of about 1,000 yards (910 m) which they assaulted with two companies forward and two in support. Thick smoke meant that the attackers found it difficult to maintain their spacing and some of the supporting armour was also delayed.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the attack proved successful, as the Australians overwhelmed the German defenders and by the end of the day the division had achieved all of its objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo49_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo49-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the rest of August, they continued offensive operations, even launching daylight raids upon the German positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo49_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo49-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 August they attacked once more, advancing through the village of Bray, capturing a number of German prisoners. After a brief lull in the fighting, they continued the advance again on 25 August capturing Clery at the end of the week before taking Allaines on 2 September. Throughout September the Germans began to withdraw back towards the <a href="/wiki/Hindenburg_Line" title="Hindenburg Line">Hindenburg Line</a> and the 3rd Division took part in the operations undertaken to follow them up and harass the <a href="/wiki/Rearguard" title="Rearguard">rearguard</a>. Casualties during this phase had been high, however, and as a result the division's <a href="/wiki/Assault_pioneer" title="Assault pioneer">pioneers</a> were used as infantry and even led the advance towards Buire on 6 September.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo50_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo50-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As operations continued throughout the month, casualties amongst the Australian Corps became critical and the decision was made to disband some of the 3rd Division's battalions and use them to reinforce the remaining units.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo50_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo50-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decision saw the reduction of the strength of division's infantry brigades from four battalions to three, bringing the Australians into line with the British, who had made a similar decision earlier in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the decision was not popular amongst the soldiers and when the <a href="/wiki/42nd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="42nd Battalion (Australia)">42nd Battalion</a> received the order to disband, the attempt was rejected by its personnel and the order disobeyed. As a result, the proposed reorganisation was postponed until after the division's final offensive actions were fought in early October 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These came around the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_St_Quentin_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the St Quentin Canal">St Quentin Canal</a> when the division attacked the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaurevoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Beaurevoir">Beaurevoir Line</a> in concert with American troops from the <a href="/wiki/27th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="27th Infantry Division (United States)">US 27th Division</a>, who would lead the assault in. The attack went awry, however, when the lead assault units failed to adequately clear the forward positions and subsequently when the 3rd Division was committed they came under fire almost immediately and instead of passing through the American positions, they had to complete the mopping up process before they could advance. Nevertheless, by nightfall on 1 October, the division had captured the northern end of the tunnel that ran under the canal.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 October the majority of the 3rd Division was removed from the line for rest and reorganisation, although a number of its artillery batteries would continue to support the operations of the II American Corps until they were withdrawn.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo54_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo54-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this they continued to participate in the fighting in support of the British 6th Division.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 27th Battery fired the division's last shot of the war on 4 November at Wassigny.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo54_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo54-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the division was out of the line when news of the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with Germany">Armistice</a> came on 11 November 1918. Following the end of hostilities the <a href="/wiki/Demobilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Demobilisation">demobilisation</a> process began and as men were repatriated back to Australia, the division was eventually disbanded on 28 May 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo54_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo54-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inter-war_years">Inter-war years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inter-war years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_Battle,_3rd_Division_(c._1921)1709" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Order_of_Battle,_3rd_Division_(c._1921)1709" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Order of Battle, 3rd Division (c. 1921)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="4th Brigade (Australia)">4th Infantry Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="14th Battalion (Australia)">14th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="22nd Battalion (Australia)">22nd Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="29th Battalion (Australia)">29th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="46th Battalion (Australia)">46th Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="10th Brigade (Australia)">10th Infantry Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="24th Battalion (Australia)">24th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="37th Battalion (Australia)">37th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="39th Battalion (Australia)">39th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="48th Battalion (Australia)">48th Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="15th Brigade (Australia)">15th Infantry Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/57th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="57th Battalion (Australia)">57th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="58th Battalion (Australia)">58th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="59th Battalion (Australia)">59th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="60th Battalion (Australia)">60th Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li>3rd Divisional Australian Army Service Corps<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3rd Divisional Field Ambulance <ul><li>4th Field Ambulance</li> <li>10th Field Ambulance</li> <li>15th Field Ambulance</li> <li>3rd Field Hygiene Section</li></ul></li> <li>3rd Divisional Artillery<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>2nd Field Brigade</li> <li>4th Field Brigade</li> <li>8th Field Brigade</li></ul></li> <li>3rd Division Engineers<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>3rd Field Park Company</li> <li>4th Field Company</li> <li>10th Field Company</li> <li>15th Field Company</li></ul></li> <li>3rd Division Signals</li> <li>3rd Mobile Veterinary Section<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Following the end of the war, the AIF was disbanded and the focus of Australia's military forces was the units of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Reserve" title="Australian Army Reserve">Citizens Force</a>. Between 1918 and 1921, as the demobilisation process was completed, this force existed in a state of flux, however, in 1921 planning for the post war Army was finally completed.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 May 1921 the 3rd Division was re-raised in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> as part of the 3rd Military District. Upon formation it consisted of three four-battalion brigades—the <a href="/wiki/4th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="4th Brigade (Australia)">4th Brigade</a>, 10th Brigade and <a href="/wiki/15th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="15th Brigade (Australia)">15th Brigade</a>—and various supporting units including artillery, engineers, signals, transport and medical.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this time, the existing infantry battalions of the Citizens Force were redesignated to perpetuate the numerical designations of the AIF, and although an attempt was made to allocate these designations based on regional considerations, ultimately this was not always possible and ultimately when the 3rd Division was re-established, only two of its component battalions—the 37th and <a href="/wiki/39th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="39th Battalion (Australia)">39th Battalions</a>—had previously been assigned to the division.<sup id="cite_ref-p64_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p64-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With a peacetime establishment of about 16,000 personnel (18,400 upon mobilisation), the division was brought up to strength through the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Australia" title="Conscription in Australia">compulsory training scheme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p64_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p64-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially the system worked well and a number of the division's subunits reported being above establishment, however, this did not last long. In 1922, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a> was signed and theoretically alleviated Australia's security concerns about Japanese expansion in the Pacific. As a result, the Army's budget was halved and as the scope of the compulsory training scheme was scaled back, the authorised strength of each infantry battalion was reduced to just 409 men of all ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division's artillery was also reduced, with one field battery in each artillery brigade being disbanded at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the subsequent reorganisation, the 3rd Division's artillery consisted of three artillery brigades, the 2nd, 4th and 8th.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929 the compulsory training scheme was suspended following the election of the <a href="/wiki/James_Scullin" title="James Scullin">Scullin</a> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> government. In its place a new system was introduced whereby the Citizens Force would be maintained on a part-time, voluntary basis only.<sup id="cite_ref-Grey138_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grey138-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also renamed the "Militia" at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision to suspend compulsory training, coupled with the economic downturn of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> meant that the manpower of many Militia units dropped considerably and as a result a number of units were amalgamated.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a part of this process, the division was reduced from 12 infantry battalions to nine as six battalions were merged to form new amalgamated units—<a href="/wiki/29th/22nd_Battalion_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="29th/22nd Battalion (Australia)">29th/22nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/37th/52nd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="37th/52nd Battalion (Australia)">37th/52nd</a> and <a href="/wiki/57th/60th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="57th/60th Battalion (Australia)">57th/60th Battalions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p69_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p69-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To a large extent, however, these were hollow structures and by 1931 the 3rd Division's overall establishment was just 4,505 men all ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-p69_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p69-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 1930s the number of active personnel remained low and out of necessity training opportunities were limited.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1936, however, the Army attempted to improve the conditions of service for its members and to reinvigorate the training program, while individual units began to undertake their own recruiting campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, it was not until 1938, as tensions grew in Europe and the prospect of war became more likely, that an attempt was made to expand the establishment of the Militia. At this time an effort was made to determine the readiness of the Militia to expand if mobilised. During the continuous training camps undertaken throughout 1938, each component unit was assessed with mixed results.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, 1939, saw further expansion and by the end of April of that year, the division's posted strength had grown to 9,589 personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a part of this expansion, the divisional artillery was expanded by the re-raising of the batteries that had been disbanded in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Home_duties">Home duties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Home duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 3 September 1939, Australia found itself once again at war, after attempts at finding a diplomatic solution to the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">German invasion of Poland</a> had failed.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the outbreak of World War II, mobilisation began slowly as the government called up a force of about 8,000 Militia personnel to undertake security duties in the days following the declaration of war. A short time later, the decision was made to raise an all volunteer force for overseas service, known as the <a href="/wiki/Second_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="Second Australian Imperial Force">Second Australian Imperial Force</a> (2nd AIF).<sup id="cite_ref-Grey146_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grey146-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was necessary due to the provisions of the <i>Defence Act (1903)</i> which precluded deploying the Militia outside of Australian territory, and as a result the government decided to use the Militia to provide a small <a href="/wiki/En_cadre" class="mw-redirect" title="En cadre">cadre</a> upon which the 2nd AIF would be raised, as well as to provide training to conscripts as part of the compulsory training scheme which was re-established in early 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Grey146_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grey146-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, during this time large numbers of officers and senior non-commissioned officers from the 3rd Division volunteered for service with the 2nd AIF and many units lost a large number of their experienced personnel at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo103_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo103-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout 1940–41, the Militia were called up in cohorts for periods of continuous training, and the 3rd Division, still consisting of the 4th, 10th and 15th Brigades, undertook a series of training camps around <a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Victoria" title="Seymour, Victoria">Seymour, Victoria</a>. In March 1941, the division's artillery was reorganised to bring it in line with the British organisational system with each artillery brigade being converted to a field regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerical designations stayed the same, however, and by late 1941 the division had completed its transition.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This saw its infantry brigades once again reduced from four battalions to three, while various supporting elements were inserted at brigade-level, however, training at this time was still rudimentary and limited mainly to individual skills, and the division's establishment was recorded as being only half of its authorised wartime establishment. There was also a shortage of modern equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Japan's entry into the war following the attacks on <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Malaya">Malaya</a>, it became more likely that the division would be called upon to undertake active service overseas, and the division was mobilised for war.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early January 1942, Major General <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Savige" title="Stanley Savige">Stanley Savige</a>, an experienced officer who had commanded the <a href="/wiki/17th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="17th Brigade (Australia)">17th Brigade</a> in combat against the Germans in the Middle East earlier in the war, took over command of the division.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo103_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo103-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savige set about the task of preparing the division for combat and he began by removing officers that he did not think were physically fit enough or competent to lead in battle and replacing them with men who had gained experience in AIF units. A comprehensive training program was established and in April 1942 the division was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Australia)" title="I Corps (Australia)">Australian I Corps</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to enable divisional exercises to begin, the 3rd Division moved to <a href="/wiki/Bonegilla,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonegilla, Victoria">Bonegilla, Victoria</a>. To toughen the men up, Savige decided that they would march on foot to the new camp.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:61st_Battalion_Bougainville_March_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of soldiers marching up a creek. The soldiers have their rifles slung and are knee deep in muddy water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/61st_Battalion_Bougainville_March_1945.jpg/220px-61st_Battalion_Bougainville_March_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/61st_Battalion_Bougainville_March_1945.jpg/330px-61st_Battalion_Bougainville_March_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/61st_Battalion_Bougainville_March_1945.jpg/440px-61st_Battalion_Bougainville_March_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Men from the 61st Battalion patrol along the Mosigetta River on Bougainville in March 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>The following month they were relocated once more, this time to <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> where they undertook training exercises and defensive duties along the coast between <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tweed_Heads" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweed Heads">Tweed Heads</a> on the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> border.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, the Army began to rectify the deficiencies in the division's equipment lists and battalions began receiving new machine guns, motor transport and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Carrier" title="Universal Carrier">Bren carriers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the situation in <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea</a> grew worse, the decision was made to reorganise the 3rd Division and throughout August, four battalions were amalgamated—the 37th, 52nd, 58th and 59th. In September, the 10th Brigade was disbanded and its battalions reallocated to the 4th and 15th Brigades. In October, the 29th and 46th Battalions were also amalgamated, leaving the division with just six infantry battalions in two brigades.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Guinea,_1943–1944"><span id="New_Guinea.2C_1943.E2.80.931944"></span>New Guinea, 1943–1944</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New Guinea, 1943–1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1943 the division was despatched to New Guinea, with the 15th Brigade being sent to <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> and the 4th Brigade going to <a href="/wiki/Milne_Bay" title="Milne Bay">Milne Bay</a>. At this point the 4th Brigade was reassigned to the <a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Australia)" title="5th Division (Australia)">5th Division</a>. It would later be replaced within the division by the <a href="/wiki/29th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="29th Brigade (Australia)">29th Brigade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division's stay in Port Moresby was brief and in April it began moving to <a href="/wiki/Wau,_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Wau, Papua New Guinea">Wau</a> where they subsumed the units assigned to <a href="/wiki/Kanga_Force" title="Kanga Force">Kanga Force</a>, including the 17th Brigade, a 2nd AIF formation, and began operations as part of the <a href="/wiki/Salamaua-Lae_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamaua-Lae campaign">Salamaua–Lae campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially operations were limited to the area immediately surrounding Bulolo, but as the division became established the headquarters was shifted to Tambu Bay and brigades were pushed out towards Mubo, and the Komiatum and Bobdui Ridges, while defensive patrols were undertaken through the Wampit Valley, around the Bulwa and Zenag airstrips and towards the Markham River.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stretched across a front of over 75 miles (121 km), in June the division was reinforced by the US <a href="/wiki/162nd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="162nd Infantry Regiment (United States)">162nd Infantry Regiment</a>. Following this the division took on primary responsibility for Allied operations in New Guinea.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually Lae fell in September and soon afterwards, its elements were moved back to Port Moresby, before being sent to support the <a href="/wiki/7th_Division_(Australia)" title="7th Division (Australia)">7th Division's</a> campaign in the <a href="/wiki/Finisterre_Range_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Finisterre Range campaign">Markham and Ramu Valleys</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madang" title="Battle of Madang">advance on Madang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1944 the 3rd Division's brigades were withdrawn back to Australia for leave and reorganisation. After this, preparations began for the division's next campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-p142_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p142-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, the 3rd Division adopted the <a href="/wiki/Jungle_division" title="Jungle division">Jungle divisional</a> establishment,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was reorganised around three infantry brigades: the 7th, 15th and 29th Brigades.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo144_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo144-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also assigned to the <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(Australia)" title="II Corps (Australia)">Australian II Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p142_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p142-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bougainville_1944–1945"><span id="Bougainville_1944.E2.80.931945"></span>Bougainville 1944–1945</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bougainville 1944–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_Battle,_3rd_Division_(c._1945)1622" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Order_of_Battle,_3rd_Division_(c._1945)1622" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Order of Battle, 3rd Division (c. 1945)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Parent unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(Australia)" title="II Corps (Australia)">II Corps</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>7th Infantry Brigade (Queensland)<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo144_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo144-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Battalion_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Battalion (Australia)">9th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="25th Battalion (Australia)">25th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_Battalion_(Australia)" title="61st Battalion (Australia)">61st Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li>15th Infantry Brigade (Victoria)<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo144_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo144-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="24th Battalion (Australia)">24th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th/59th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="58th/59th Battalion (Australia)">58th/59th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th/60th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="57th/60th Battalion (Australia)">57th/60th Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li>29th Infantry Brigade (Queensland)<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo144_93-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo144-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="15th Battalion (Australia)">15th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="42nd Battalion (Australia)">42nd Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="47th Battalion (Australia)">47th Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li>3rd Divisional Engineers<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>5th Field Company</li> <li>7th Field Company</li> <li>10th Field Company</li> <li>11th Field Company</li> <li>15th Field Company</li></ul></li> <li>3rd Divisional Signals</li> <li>2nd Field Regiment, RAA<sup id="cite_ref-Horner400_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner400-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Field_Regiment,_Royal_Australian_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery">4th Field Regiment, RAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2nd Mountain Battery<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'U' Heavy Battery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2/4th_Armoured_Regiment_(Australia)" title="2/4th Armoured Regiment (Australia)">'B' Squadron, 2/4th Armoured Regiment</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins145_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins145-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3rd Division Medical <ul><li>11th Field Ambulance</li> <li>19th Field Ambulance</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In late 1944 it was decided that the Australians would take over responsibility from the Americans for operations against the Japanese on <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_campaign" title="Bougainville campaign">Bougainville</a>. From November–December 1944, the 3rd Division, along with two independent brigades, the 11th and <a href="/wiki/23rd_Brigade_(Australia)" title="23rd Brigade (Australia)">23rd</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began to relieve the units of the US <a href="/wiki/XIV_Corps_(United_States)" title="XIV Corps (United States)">XIV Corps</a> that were to be transferred elsewhere in the Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitland108_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitland108-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allied intelligence of Japanese strengths on the island varied at the time, although it was believed that there were around 17,500 Japanese on Bougainville. Although this was later proved to be grossly incorrect, nevertheless the Allies believed that the Japanese formations in the area, despite being under strength, were still capable of carrying out effective combat operations. As a result, it was decided that II Corps would go on the offensive to clear the Japanese from the island<sup id="cite_ref-Maitland108_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitland108-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Long102_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long102-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a three pronged campaign was planned in the northern, central and southern sectors of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division was supported by a number of artillery units including the 2nd and 4th Field Regiments and the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Mountain_Battery_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Mountain Battery (Australia)">2nd Mountain Battery</a>, and various anti-aircraft units. Later, also 'U' Heavy Battery, with four 155 mm howitzers was transferred from Lae, as was the <a href="/wiki/2/11th_Field_Regiment_(Australia)" title="2/11th Field Regiment (Australia)">2/11th Field Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To provide organic fire support during the advance, the decision was made at this time to place the divisional artillery assets directly underneath the subunits they were supporting.<sup id="cite_ref-Horner400_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner400-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the outset, the division's allocation of engineers consisted of only two field companies, the 5th and 11th, however over the course of the campaign others arrived including the 10th, 15th and the 7th, which was the last to arrive in June 1945. Ultimately the division had almost 1,600 engineers across five field companies and various supporting plant, park and other units. This represented one of the largest engineer contingents within an Australian division during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially the division was deployed without armoured support. However, in December 1944, <a href="/wiki/2/4th_Armoured_Regiment_(Australia)" title="2/4th Armoured Regiment (Australia)">'B' Squadron, 2/4th Armoured Regiment</a>, equipped with <a href="/wiki/Matilda_II" title="Matilda II">Matilda II</a> tanks, arrived and subsequently took part in operations on the island attached to elements of the division.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins145_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins145-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 7th Brigade, supported by the 2nd Field Regiment,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first to commence operations, as the <a href="/wiki/9th_Battalion_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Battalion (Australia)">9th Battalion</a> launched a surprise attack in the central sector of the island upon a Japanese outpost at Little George Hill on 25 November. The following month the battalion seized control of Artillery Hill, while the 29th Brigade began patrolling operations in the southern sector.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AWM_092041_Matilda_tanks_advance_on_Hongorai_River_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/AWM_092041_Matilda_tanks_advance_on_Hongorai_River_1945.jpg/220px-AWM_092041_Matilda_tanks_advance_on_Hongorai_River_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/AWM_092041_Matilda_tanks_advance_on_Hongorai_River_1945.jpg/330px-AWM_092041_Matilda_tanks_advance_on_Hongorai_River_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/AWM_092041_Matilda_tanks_advance_on_Hongorai_River_1945.jpg/440px-AWM_092041_Matilda_tanks_advance_on_Hongorai_River_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Troops from the 3rd Division cross the Hongorai River alongside Matilda tanks from the 2/4th Armoured Regiment in May 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the capture of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pearl_Ridge" title="Battle of Pearl Ridge">Pearl Ridge</a> by the <a href="/wiki/25th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="25th Battalion (Australia)">25th Battalion</a>, the focus of the 3rd Division's operations on Bougainville was shifted on the northern and southern sectors. The 11th Brigade, independent of the 3rd Division, assumed control of the drive to the north, while the 3rd Division concentrated on the drive south towards <a href="/wiki/Buin,_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Buin, Papua New Guinea">Buin</a>, where the main Japanese force was concentrated. Rotating his brigades, the division's commander, Major General <a href="/wiki/William_Bridgeford" title="William Bridgeford">William Bridgeford</a>, advanced south from Torokina towards the Puriata river.<sup id="cite_ref-Long141_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long141-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After crossing it, the Japanese launched a significant counterattack around <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slater%27s_Knoll" title="Battle of Slater's Knoll">Slater's Knoll</a>, which was eventually beaten off in early April.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1945 the 15th Brigade took over from the 7th Brigade and resumed the advance on the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hongorai_River" title="Battle of the Hongorai River">Hongorai and Mivo rivers</a>. In early July, the 29th Brigade relieved the 15th and continued the advance and as they attempted to cross the Mivo, the Japanese launched a ferocious counter-attack upon the <a href="/wiki/15th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="15th Battalion (Australia)">15th Battalion</a> which was turned back by desperate defence.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this the advance came to a halt as torrential rain turned the axis of advance into "a sea of mud"<sup id="cite_ref-Long222_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long222-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many of the bridges upon which the Australian supply system was dependent were washed away. As the situation became worse, briefly even patrolling operations had to be stopped. These patrols were resumed, however, in late July and into August, as isolated pockets of Japanese began to attack the 3rd Division's supply lines and support units.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As preparations were made to resume the advance, the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">dropping of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> and Japan's subsequent <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">unconditional surrender</a> brought the fighting on Bougainville to an end and a cease fire came into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the end of hostilities, the <a href="/wiki/Demobilisation_of_the_Australian_military_after_World_War_II" title="Demobilisation of the Australian military after World War II">demobilisation process</a> began and eventually the 3rd Division was disbanded on 4 December 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the division's campaign in Bougainville, one of its soldiers, <a href="/wiki/Reg_Rattey" title="Reg Rattey">Reg Rattey</a>, earned the Victoria Cross for his actions during the fighting around Slater's Knoll.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some personnel from the division later served in the <a href="/wiki/67th_Battalion_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Battalion (Australia)">67th Infantry Battalion</a>, undertaking occupation duties as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Occupation_Force" title="British Commonwealth Occupation Force">British Commonwealth Occupation Force</a> in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_Battle,_3rd_Division_(c._1948)1111" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Order_of_Battle,_3rd_Division_(c._1948)1111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Order of Battle, 3rd Division (c. 1948)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="4th Brigade (Australia)">4th Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo163_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo163-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="5th Battalion (Australia)">5th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="6th Battalion (Australia)">6th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th/7th_Battalion,_Royal_Victoria_Regiment" title="8th/7th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment">8th/7th Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="6th Brigade (Australia)">6th Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo163_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo163-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/38th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="38th Battalion (Australia)">38th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="32nd Battalion (Australia)">58th/32nd Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tasmania_Regiment" title="Royal Tasmania Regiment">12th/40th Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="9th Brigade (Australia)">9th Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo163_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo163-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="10th Battalion (Australia)">10th Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="27th Battalion (Australia)">27th Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li>3rd Field Engineering Regiment<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo163_118-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo163-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3rd Divisional Signals Regiment</li> <li>3rd Reconnaissance Regiment</li> <li>3rd Divisional AAOC</li> <li>3rd Divisional AEME</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In 1948, with demobilisation of Australia's wartime army complete, the decision was made to re-raise the part-time forces of the Militia, albeit with the new name of the Citizens Military Force (CMF), and on a reduced establishment of two infantry divisions, an armoured brigade and various corps-level support units.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time the 3rd Division was re-raised and based around a nucleus of three infantry brigades—the 4th, <a href="/wiki/6th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="6th Brigade (Australia)">6th</a> and <a href="/wiki/9th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="9th Brigade (Australia)">9th Brigades</a>—it was once again based in central Victoria, although subunits were also based in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo162_163_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo162_163-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once again the division's component units bore little resemblance to those that had fought with it during the two World Wars.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo162_163_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo162_163-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Service in the post war CMF was initially on a voluntary basis and recruitment remained poor until 1951 when conscription was introduced once again in an effort to improve the readiness of the Australian military during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo165_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo165-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd Division was not deployed during this time, however, and although national service was instituted, service in Korea was undertaken on a voluntary basis, and conscription was used only as a means to expand the CMF and provide a base upon which mobilisation could be achieved if it proved necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo165_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo165-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, the resulting influx of manpower revitalised the CMF to the point that during the 1950s the division experienced a remarkable level of manning and resources that saw many units achieve full strength, with full equipment allocations.<sup id="cite_ref-Palazzo165_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palazzo165-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 March 1958 a divisional parade was conducted at <a href="/wiki/Puckapunyal" title="Puckapunyal">Puckapunyal</a>, bringing together all of the division's Victorian-based units in a concentration of force not seen in the division since 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year the division conducted a live-fire exercise at Puckapunyal based upon the 4th Brigade and involving over 3,500 men, tanks, artillery, aircraft, and various supporting arms. Despite the success demonstrated by the exercise, it would be the last time that the division mounted something similar the national service scheme was modified to limit the size of each yearly intake of trainees and the size of the CMF was reduced by over 30,000 men in an effort to free up Regular personnel to raise the <a href="/wiki/1st_Brigade_(Australia)" title="1st Brigade (Australia)">1st Brigade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1957 reforms, however, did not achieve the efficiencies required to free up Regular personnel to meet the strategic requirements to maintain a regular field force that was ready to respond to the exigencies of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, in 1959 the decision was made to suspend national service as it was realised that further changes were required to expand the size of the Regular army.<sup id="cite_ref-Grey207_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grey207-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further changes came with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Pentropic_organisation" title="Pentropic organisation">Pentropic divisional establishment</a> into the Australian Army. This saw the reduction of the Army to just two divisions, the 1st and 3rd Divisions,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a part of this the division was reorganised into five battalion-plus sized battle groups,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and resulted in the removal of brigade-level formations and the disbandment and amalgamation of a number of smaller regionally based infantry battalions, into larger units that were part of State-based regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-Grey228_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grey228-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With an authorised peacetime establishment of 13,621 personnel,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 3rd Division included formations in five different military command districts including Queensland, New South Wales and Western Australia as well as those in South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. The main infantry components at this time were: 2nd Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment (RQR); 1st Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment (RVR); 2nd Battalion, RVR; 1st Battalion, Royal South Australia Regiment (RSAR); and 1st Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Army's experiment with the Pentropic establishment did not last long, however, as it created a number of planning issues including lack of interoperability with other Western allies, none of whom used it. As a result, it was abandoned in late 1964 and into early 1965 and the 3rd Division was once again reorganised. The resulting changes saw the establishment of brigade-level formations, briefly known as "task forces", however, due to other planning considerations only one was raised for the 3rd Division at this time: the 4th Task Force, consisting of four infantry battalions: 1, 2, 5 and 6 RVR.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangaroo_89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kangaroo_89.jpg/220px-Kangaroo_89.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kangaroo_89.jpg/330px-Kangaroo_89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kangaroo_89.jpg/440px-Kangaroo_89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Australian and US troops taking part in Exercise Kangaroo '89 in northern Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>At the same time, the Australian government announced that the national service scheme would be implemented once again, however, instead of focusing upon expanding the CMF, the scheme was set up so that national servicemen would serve limited terms of service in Australian Regular Army (ARA) units with a view to service overseas in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian-Malaysian_Confrontation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation">Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This highlighted the changing focus of Australia's military planning towards Regular forces, however, it had a negative impact upon the division as essentially it was forced to compete with the ARA for manpower and although some gains were made from men that chose to serve longer national service terms in the CMF to defer their service in ARA units, these were negligible and arguably of limited quality. The government's decision not to deploy CMF units to these conflicts meant that many of the division's experienced personnel chose to transfer to ARA units to gain operational experience, although some attempts were made to rectify this situation by offering CMF officers the opportunity to undertake a short attachment to an ARA unit serving in Vietnam and a number of 3rd Division officers took up this opportunity, a few even saw combat.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the national service scheme was ended following the election of the <a href="/wiki/Whitlam_government" title="Whitlam government">Whitlam government</a> in late 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 3rd Division lost a large number of personnel. At this time, the division's artillery assets included two artillery field regiments, a medium regiment, and a divisional locating battery,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and although on paper the division was a large, combined arms formation, in reality many of its units were hollow and inadequately equipped, and in the decades following this the division, and indeed the CMF in general, underwent a period of uncertainty as the government attempted to solve the issues that the organisation faced, the most pressing of which was the question of its role and strategic relevance, as well as those concerning conditions of service, centralisation of training and access to equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1976 the division's combat strength had dropped to the extent that it was really only a brigade-group formation, possessing only two infantry battalions: 1 and 2 RVR, as well as two field artillery regiments, a medium regiment and a locating battery.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, in February the division's headquarters were merged with the 4th Task Force's headquarters as the 3rd Division was redesignated as the "3rd Division Field Force Group". At the same time, the position of formation commander was downgraded to the rank of brigadier rather than major general. This remained the case until April 1984 when the divisional headquarters was re-established.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1980s the division was given the task of vital asset protection under the <a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Australia_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence of Australia Policy">Defence of Australia doctrine</a> and the division undertook a number of exercises in the north of Australia, including "<a href="/wiki/Exercise_Kangaroo" title="Exercise Kangaroo">Kangaroo</a> 89" in which more than 3,000 of its personnel took part.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, in June 1991, following a force structure review, the 3rd Division was finally removed from the Australian Army's order of battle, and its remaining units were transferred to the command of the 4th Brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanding_officers">Commanding officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Commanding officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of the 3rd Division's commanding officers:<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>From<br /></th> <th>To<br /></th> <th>Rank<br /></th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>1916</td> <td>1918</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Monash" title="John Monash">John Monash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918</td> <td>1922</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gellibrand" title="John Gellibrand">John Gellibrand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1922</td> <td>1927</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Johnston_(general)" title="George Johnston (general)">George Johnston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927</td> <td>1931</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harold_Elliott_(Australian_Army_officer)" title="Harold Elliott (Australian Army officer)">Harold Elliott</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>1937</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blamey" title="Thomas Blamey">Thomas Blamey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1937</td> <td>1942</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Drake-Brockman" title="Edmund Drake-Brockman">Edmund Drake-Brockman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942</td> <td>1944</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Savige" title="Stanley Savige">Stanley Savige</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Bridgeford" title="William Bridgeford">William Bridgeford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td>1950</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Wootten" title="George Wootten">George Wootten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Porter" title="Selwyn Porter">Selwyn Porter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953</td> <td>1956</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Risson" title="Robert Risson">Robert Risson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956</td> <td>1959</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heathcote_Howard_Hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Heathcote Howard Hammer">Heathcote Hammer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td>1960</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Noel_Simpson_(general)" title="Noel Simpson (general)">Noel Simpson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td>1963</td> <td>Major General</td> <td>R. R. Gordon </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963</td> <td>1966</td> <td>Major General</td> <td>N. A. Vickery </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Major General</td> <td>S. M. McDonald </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td>1973</td> <td>Major General</td> <td>K. D. Green </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973</td> <td>1976</td> <td>Major General</td> <td>J. M. McNeill </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976</td> <td>1977</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a></td> <td>W. H. Grant </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977</td> <td>1980</td> <td>Brigadier</td> <td>J. E. Barry </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td>1981</td> <td>Brigadier</td> <td>N. E. Bavington </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>1985</td> <td>Major General</td> <td>K. G. Cooke </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td>1987</td> <td>Major General</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Barry_(general)" title="Jim Barry (general)">Jim Barry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987</td> <td>1990</td> <td>Major General</td> <td>B. N. Nunn </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>1991</td> <td>Major General</td> <td>W. E. Glenny </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Military_history_of_Australia" title="Portal:Military history of Australia">Military history of Australia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during World War I">Military history of Australia during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Military history of Australia during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Pioneer_Exhibition_Game" title="1916 Pioneer Exhibition Game">1916 Pioneer Exhibition Game</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Footnotes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Disbanded in May 1919.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Disbanded in April 1918.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Disbanded in September 1918.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Disbanded in September 1918.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From March 1918.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrey2008">Grey 2008</a>, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrey2008">Grey 2008</a>, pp. 99–100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBean1941a">Bean 1941a</a>, pp. 41–42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo21-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo21_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo21_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBean1941a">Bean 1941a</a>, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBean1941a">Bean 1941a</a>, p. 867</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBean1941a">Bean 1941a</a>, p. 950</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo24-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo24_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 24–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo33-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo33_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo33_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo33_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 32–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo37-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo37_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo37_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBean1941b">Bean 1941b</a>, p. 850</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo38-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo38_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo38_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeillands2004">Neillands 2004</a>, p. 400</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 39–40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo41-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo41_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo41_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo41_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kuring91-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kuring91_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuring91_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuring91_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuring91_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuring91_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuring2004">Kuring 2004</a>, p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNicol1979">McNicol 1979</a>, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo42-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo42_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo42_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 44–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBean1941c">Bean 1941c</a>, p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoulthard-Clark1998">Coulthard-Clark 1998</a>, pp. 139–141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo45-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo45_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo45_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlyon2006635-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlyon2006635_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarlyon2006">Carlyon 2006</a>, p. 635.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo46-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo46_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo47-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo47_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo47_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBean1942">Bean 1942</a>, p. 529</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBean1942">Bean 1942</a>, p. 530</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo49-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo49_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo49_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo50-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo50_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo50_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTucker2005">Tucker 2005</a>, p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 50–51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo54-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo54_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo54_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo54_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo63-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo63_56-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuring2004">Kuring 2004</a>, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrey2008">Grey 2008</a>, p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-conflicts-periods/ww2/pages-2aif-cmf/03_div_acmf.htm">"3rd Australian Infantry Division (ACMF)"</a>. Digger History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3rd+Australian+Infantry+Division+%28ACMF%29&rft.pub=Digger+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diggerhistory.info%2Fpages-conflicts-periods%2Fww2%2Fpages-2aif-cmf%2F03_div_acmf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p64-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p64_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p64_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 65–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grey146-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grey146_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grey146_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrey2008">Grey 2008</a>, p. 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo103-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo103_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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class="external text" href="http://www.ordersofbattle.com/UnitData.aspx?UniX=6004&Tab=Uhi&Titl=3%20Australian%20Infantry%20Division">"3 Australian Infantry Division"</a>. Orders of Battle.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3+Australian+Infantry+Division&rft.pub=Orders+of+Battle.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordersofbattle.com%2FUnitData.aspx%3FUniX%3D6004%26Tab%3DUhi%26Titl%3D3%2520Australian%2520Infantry%2520Division&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordersofbattle.com/UnitData.aspx?UniX=5121&Tab=Sub&Titl=I%20Australian%20Corps">"I Australian Corps"</a>. Orders of Battle.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+Australian+Corps&rft.pub=Orders+of+Battle.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordersofbattle.com%2FUnitData.aspx%3FUniX%3D5121%26Tab%3DSub%26Titl%3DI%2520Australian%2520Corps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 104–105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 117–118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p142-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p142_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p142_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2001">Palazzo 2001</a>, p. 183</span> 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNicol1982">McNicol 1982</a>, p. 216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 404</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Long141-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Long141_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web 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href="#cite_ref-Palazzo163_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo163_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo163_118-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo163_118-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdgers1988">Odgers 1988</a>, p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrey2008">Grey 2008</a>, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo162_163-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo162_163_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo162_163_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 162–163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palazzo165-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo165_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo165_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palazzo165_122-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 167–168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grey207-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grey207_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrey2008">Grey 2008</a>, p. 207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 455</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 456</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grey228-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grey228_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrey2008">Grey 2008</a>, p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 176–177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 179–182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 495</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 184–193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 502</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, pp. 190–191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorner1995">Horner 1995</a>, p. 516</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalazzo2002">Palazzo 2002</a>, p. 202</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean1941a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bean" title="Charles Bean">Bean, Charles</a> (1941a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069752/"><i>The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1916</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_History_of_Australia_in_the_War_of_1914%E2%80%931918" title="Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918">Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918</a>, Volume III (12th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220623454">220623454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Imperial+Force+in+France%2C+1916&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australian+Capital+Territory&rft.series=Official+History+of+Australia+in+the+War+of+1914%E2%80%931918%2C+Volume+III&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220623454&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1069752%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean1941b" class="citation book cs1">Bean, Charles (1941b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069753/"><i>The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1917</i></a>. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, Volume IV (11th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220901148">220901148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Imperial+Force+in+France%2C+1917&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australian+Capital+Territory&rft.series=Official+History+of+Australia+in+the+War+of+1914%E2%80%931918%2C+Volume+IV&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220901148&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1069753%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean1941c" class="citation book cs1">Bean, Charles (1941c). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069922/"><i>The Australian Imperial Force in France During the Main German Offensive, 1918</i></a>. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, Volume V (8th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/671846587">671846587</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Imperial+Force+in+France+During+the+Main+German+Offensive%2C+1918&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australian+Capital+Territory&rft.series=Official+History+of+Australia+in+the+War+of+1914%E2%80%931918%2C+Volume+V&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F671846587&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1069922%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean1942" class="citation book cs1">Bean, Charles (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069923/"><i>The Australian Imperial Force in France during the Allied Offensive, 1918</i></a>. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, Volume VI (11th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220900387">220900387</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Imperial+Force+in+France+during+the+Allied+Offensive%2C+1918&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australian+Capital+Territory&rft.series=Official+History+of+Australia+in+the+War+of+1914%E2%80%931918%2C+Volume+VI&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220900387&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1069923%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlyon2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Les_Carlyon" title="Les Carlyon">Carlyon, Les</a> (2006). <i>The Great War</i>. Sydney, New South Wales: Pan Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4050-3799-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4050-3799-0"><bdi>978-1-4050-3799-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+War&rft.place=Sydney%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4050-3799-0&rft.aulast=Carlyon&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChinn2008" class="citation book cs1">Chinn, David (2008). "Raising a Regular Infantry Force". In Horner, David; Bou, Jean (eds.). <i>Duty First: A History of the Royal Australian Regiment</i> (2nd ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74175-374-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74175-374-5"><bdi>978-1-74175-374-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Raising+a+Regular+Infantry+Force&rft.btitle=Duty+First%3A+A+History+of+the+Royal+Australian+Regiment&rft.place=Crows+Nest%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-74175-374-5&rft.aulast=Chinn&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoulthard-Clark1998" class="citation book cs1">Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998). <i>Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles</i> (1st ed.). St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen and Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86448-611-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86448-611-7"><bdi>978-1-86448-611-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+Australians+Fought%3A+The+Encyclopaedia+of+Australia%27s+Battles&rft.place=St+Leonards%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Allen+and+Unwin&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-86448-611-7&rft.aulast=Coulthard-Clark&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrey2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Grey" title="Jeffrey Grey">Grey, Jeffrey</a> (2008). <i>A Military History of Australia</i> (3rd ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-69791-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-69791-0"><bdi>978-0-521-69791-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Military+History+of+Australia&rft.place=Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-69791-0&rft.aulast=Grey&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hopkins" title="Ronald Hopkins">Hopkins, Ronald</a> (1978). <i>Australian Armour: A History of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 1927–1972</i>. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-642-99414-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-642-99414-1"><bdi>978-0-642-99414-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Armour%3A+A+History+of+the+Royal+Australian+Armoured+Corps+1927%E2%80%931972&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Publishing+Service&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-642-99414-1&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorner1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Horner" title="David Horner">Horner, David</a> (1995). <i>The Gunners: A History of Australian Artillery</i>. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86373-917-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-86373-917-3"><bdi>1-86373-917-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gunners%3A+A+History+of+Australian+Artillery&rft.place=St+Leonards%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-86373-917-3&rft.aulast=Horner&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Johnston_(historian)" title="Mark Johnston (historian)">Johnston, Mark</a> (2007). <i>The Australian Army in World War II</i>. Botley, Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-123-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-123-6"><bdi>978-1-84603-123-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Army+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Botley%2C+Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-123-6&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeogh1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Graham_Keogh" title="Eustace Graham Keogh">Keogh, Eustace</a> (1965). <i>South West Pacific 1941–45</i>. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7185705">7185705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+West+Pacific+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Grayflower+Publications&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7185705&rft.aulast=Keogh&rft.aufirst=Eustace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiddNeal1998" class="citation book cs1">Kidd, Reginald; Neal, Raymond (1998). <i>The 'Letter' Batteries: The History of the 'Letter' Batteries in World War II</i>. Castlecrag, New South Wales: R.E. Neal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-646-35137-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-646-35137-0"><bdi>0-646-35137-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%27Letter%27+Batteries%3A+The+History+of+the+%27Letter%27+Batteries+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Castlecrag%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=R.E.+Neal&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-646-35137-0&rft.aulast=Kidd&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rft.au=Neal%2C+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuring2004" class="citation book cs1">Kuring, Ian (2004). <i>Redcoats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788–2001</i>. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military History Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876439-99-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-876439-99-8"><bdi>1-876439-99-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redcoats+to+Cams%3A+A+History+of+Australian+Infantry+1788%E2%80%932001&rft.place=Loftus%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Australian+Military+History+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-876439-99-8&rft.aulast=Kuring&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Long" title="Gavin Long">Long, Gavin</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070206/"><i>The Final Campaigns</i></a>. Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Series 1—Army. Volume VII (1st ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1297619">1297619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Final+Campaigns&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australian+Capital+Territory&rft.series=Australia+in+the+War+of+1939%E2%80%931945%2C+Series+1%E2%80%94Army.+Volume+VII&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1297619&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1070206%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaitland1999" class="citation book cs1">Maitland, Gordon (1999). <i>The Second World War and its Australian Army Battle Honours</i>. East Roseville, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86417-975-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86417-975-8"><bdi>0-86417-975-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War+and+its+Australian+Army+Battle+Honours&rft.place=East+Roseville%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Kangaroo+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-86417-975-8&rft.aulast=Maitland&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNicol1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNicoll" title="Ronald McNicoll">McNicol, Ronald</a> (1979). <i>The Royal Australian Engineers 1902 to 1919: Making and Breaking</i>. History of the Royal Australian Engineers, Volume 2. Canberra: The Corps Committee of the Royal Australian Engineers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9596871-2-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9596871-2-5"><bdi>978-0-9596871-2-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Australian+Engineers+1902+to+1919%3A+Making+and+Breaking&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=History+of+the+Royal+Australian+Engineers%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=The+Corps+Committee+of+the+Royal+Australian+Engineers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-9596871-2-5&rft.aulast=McNicol&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNicol1982" class="citation book cs1">McNicol, Ronald (1982). <i>The Royal Australian Engineers 1919 to 1945: Teeth and Tail</i>. History of the Royal Australian Engineers, Volume 3. Canberra: The Corps Committee of the Royal Australian Engineers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9596871-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9596871-3-2"><bdi>978-0-9596871-3-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Australian+Engineers+1919+to+1945%3A+Teeth+and+Tail&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=History+of+the+Royal+Australian+Engineers%2C+Volume+3&rft.pub=The+Corps+Committee+of+the+Royal+Australian+Engineers&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-9596871-3-2&rft.aulast=McNicol&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeillands2004" class="citation book cs1">Neillands, Robin (2004). <i>The Great War Generals on the Western Front 1914–1918</i>. London: Magpie Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84119-863-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84119-863-3"><bdi>1-84119-863-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+War+Generals+on+the+Western+Front+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Magpie+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84119-863-3&rft.aulast=Neillands&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdgers1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Odgers" title="George Odgers">Odgers, George</a> (1988). <i>Army Australia: An Illustrated History</i>. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Child & Associates. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86777-061-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86777-061-9"><bdi>0-86777-061-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Army+Australia%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.place=Frenchs+Forest%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Child+%26+Associates&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-86777-061-9&rft.aulast=Odgers&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalazzo2001" class="citation book cs1">Palazzo, Albert (2001). <i>The Australian Army: A History of its Organisation 1901–2001</i>. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-551507-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-551507-2"><bdi>0-19-551507-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Army%3A+A+History+of+its+Organisation+1901%E2%80%932001&rft.place=South+Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-551507-2&rft.aulast=Palazzo&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalazzo2002" class="citation book cs1">Palazzo, Albert (2002). <i>Defenders of Australia: The 3rd Australian Division 1916–1991</i>. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military Historical Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876439-03-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-876439-03-3"><bdi>1-876439-03-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defenders+of+Australia%3A+The+3rd+Australian+Division+1916%E2%80%931991&rft.place=Loftus%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Australian+Military+Historical+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-876439-03-3&rft.aulast=Palazzo&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2005" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer (2005). <i>World War I: Encyclopedia. Volume IV: S–Z</i>. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-420-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-420-2"><bdi>978-1-85109-420-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+I%3A+Encyclopedia.+Volume+IV%3A+S%E2%80%93Z&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-420-2&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuttriss1918" class="citation book cs1">Cuttriss, G. P. (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/overthetopwithth16588gut"><i>Over the Top With the Third Australian Division</i></a>. London: C. H. Kelly. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6076748">6076748</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Over+the+Top+With+the+Third+Australian+Division&rft.place=London&rft.pub=C.+H.+Kelly&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6076748&rft.aulast=Cuttriss&rft.aufirst=G.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foverthetopwithth16588gut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Division+%28Australia%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeepdraw.com/images/jeepdraw/Australian_Tac_Signs/3rd-Aust.gif">Australian 3rd Division Vehicle Marking</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150228202933/http://www.aif.adfa.edu.au:8888/">First AIF Order of Battle 1914–1918: Third Division</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905225940/http://15brigadeaasc.150m.com/">3rd Australian Division AASC</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anzac" title="Template:Anzac"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anzac" title="Template talk:Anzac"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anzac" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anzac"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_and_New_Zealand_Army_Corps_(ANZAC)3573" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Army_Corps" title="Australian and New Zealand Army Corps">Australian and New Zealand Army Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Army_Corps" title="Australian and New Zealand Army Corps">ANZAC</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Expeditionary Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="First Australian Imperial Force">1st Australian Imperial Force</a> (1st AIF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Naval_and_Military_Expeditionary_Force" title="Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force">Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force</a> (AN&MEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Expeditionary_Force" title="New Zealand Expeditionary Force">New Zealand Expeditionary Force</a> (1st NZEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_Expeditionary_Force" title="Samoa Expeditionary Force">Samoa Expeditionary Force</a> (SEF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Army_Corps" title="Australian and New Zealand Army Corps">Australian and New Zealand Army Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_ANZAC_Corps" title="I ANZAC Corps">I ANZAC Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II_ANZAC_Corps" title="II ANZAC Corps">II ANZAC Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Corps" title="Australian Corps">Australian Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_and_Australian_Division" title="New Zealand and Australian Division">New Zealand and Australian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Mounted_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division">Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Division_(Australia)" title="1st Division (Australia)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Australia)" title="2nd Division (Australia)">2nd</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Division_(Australia)" title="4th Division (Australia)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Australia)" title="5th Division (Australia)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Division_(Australia)" title="6th Division (Australia)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Mounted_Division" title="Australian Mounted Division">Mounted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Division" title="New Zealand Division">New Zealand Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Brigades</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Brigade_(Australia)" title="1st Brigade (Australia)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Brigade_(Australia)" title="2nd Brigade (Australia)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Brigade_(Australia)" title="3rd Brigade (Australia)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="4th Brigade (Australia)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="5th Brigade (Australia)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="6th Brigade (Australia)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="7th Brigade (Australia)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="8th Brigade (Australia)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="9th Brigade (Australia)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="10th Brigade (Australia)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="11th Brigade (Australia)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="12th Brigade (Australia)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="13th Brigade (Australia)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="14th Brigade (Australia)">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="15th Brigade (Australia)">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="16th Brigade (Australia)">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="17th Brigade (Australia)">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Light_Horse_Brigade" title="1st Light Horse Brigade">1st Light Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Light_Horse_Brigade" title="2nd Light Horse Brigade">2nd Light Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Light_Horse_Brigade" title="3rd Light Horse Brigade">3rd Light Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Light_Horse_Brigade" title="4th Light Horse Brigade">4th Light Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Light_Horse_Brigade" title="5th Light Horse Brigade">5th Light Horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Brigade_(New_Zealand)" title="1st Brigade (New Zealand)">1st Infantry Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Brigade_(New_Zealand)" title="2nd Infantry Brigade (New Zealand)">2nd Infantry Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Rifle_Brigade_(Earl_of_Liverpool%27s_Own)" title="New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own)">3rd New Zealand (Rifle) Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Brigade_(New_Zealand)" title="4th Infantry Brigade (New Zealand)">4th Infantry Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Mounted_Rifles_Brigade" title="New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade">New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>Military history during World War I</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during World War I">Australia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War I">New Zealand</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australian_Army_Divisions_in_World_War_II187" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australian_WW2_Divs" title="Template:Australian WW2 Divs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australian_WW2_Divs" title="Template talk:Australian WW2 Divs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australian_WW2_Divs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australian WW2 Divs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_Army_Divisions_in_World_War_II187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_divisions_in_World_War_II" title="List of Australian divisions in World War II">Australian Army Divisions in World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Reserve" title="Australian Army Reserve">Militia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Division_(Australia)" title="1st Division (Australia)">1st Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Australia)" title="2nd Division (Australia)">2nd Division</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3rd Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Division_(Australia)" title="4th Division (Australia)">4th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Australia)" title="5th Division (Australia)">5th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Division_(Australia)" title="10th Division (Australia)">10th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Division_(Australia)" title="11th Division (Australia)">11th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_Force" title="Northern Territory Force">12th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Armoured_Division_(Australia)" title="2nd Armoured Division (Australia)">2nd Armoured Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Armoured_Division_(Australia)" title="3rd Armoured Division (Australia)">3rd Armoured Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="Second Australian Imperial Force">Australian Imperial Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_Division_(Australia)" title="6th Division (Australia)">6th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Division_(Australia)" title="7th Division (Australia)">7th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Division_(Australia)" title="8th Division (Australia)">8th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Division_(Australia)" title="9th Division (Australia)">9th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Armoured_Division_(Australia)" title="1st Armoured Division (Australia)">1st Armoured Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&oldid=1266836649">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_Division_(Australia)&oldid=1266836649</a>"</div></div> <div 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