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'\E700'; } .gelicon--google::before { content: '\E701'; } .gelicon--spotify::before { content: '\E304'; } .gelicon--pinterest::before { content: '\E305'; } .gelicon--tumblr::before { content: '\E306'; } .gelicon--stumbleupon::before { content: '\E307'; } .gelicon--linkedin::before { content: '\E308'; } .gelicon--reddit::before { content: '\E309'; } .gelicon--digg::before { content: '\E30A'; } .gelicon--instagram::before { content: '\E30B'; } .gelicon--whatsapp::before { content: '\E600'; } .body-text-card-inline-video { margin: 24px 0; position: relative; } .inline-image__description { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); font-style: italic; padding: 20px 10px 12px; } .inline-image__description--desktop { padding: 20px 18px 18px; } .inline-image img { border-radius: 0; } .inline-video { height: 100%; } .inline-video__container { position: relative; } .inline-video .play-button__inline-video { bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; z-index: 1000; } .inline-video__smp { background-color: #000; padding-bottom: 56.25%; } .inline-video__smp--loaded { background-color: unset; padding-bottom: unset; } .inline-video__description { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); color: #737373; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; line-height: 24px; padding: 22px 10; } .inline-video__description--desktop { padding: 28px 16px; } .inline-audio-player { height: 100%; } .inline-audio-player__container { display: inline-block; width: 100%; } .inline-audio-player__container > div { height: 50px; position: relative; } .inline-audio-player__container > div > div { padding: 0 !important; } .inline-audio-player__cta-holder { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .inline-audio-player__cta-container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .inline-audio-player__text { background: none; border: 0; color: #4a4a4a; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; height: 25px; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 25px; margin-left: 12px; outline: inherit; padding: 0; } .inline-audio-player__beta { background-color: #e6711b; color: #fff; height: 25px; left: -110px; line-height: 12px; margin-left: 0; padding: 0 7px; position: relative; top: 25px; width: 66px; } .inline-audio-player__beta:hover .inline-audio-player__arrow { -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .inline-audio-player__beta-copy { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 16px; } .inline-audio-player__arrow { border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 3px; position: relative; top: -1px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .inline-audio-player__played { background-color: #ededed; } .inline-audio-player__hidden { display: none; } .inline-quote { border-left: 3px solid #575757; color: #575757; letter-spacing: -1.69px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0; padding-left: 22px; } .inline-quote--worklife { border-left: 3px solid #8beed9; } .inline-quote--future { border-left: 3px solid #ffc857; } .inline-quote--culture { border-left: 3px solid #472479; } .inline-quote--earth { border-left: 3px solid #002856; } .inline-quote h2 { font-weight: 300; } .article-video { height: 100%; position: relative; } .article-video img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .article-video__overlay { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__play-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; left: 50%; padding: 0; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); z-index: 1500; } .article-video__label { margin-bottom: 16px; } .article-video__image { bottom: 0; height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__image--hide { opacity: 0; } .article-video__playercore { display: block; } .article-video__playercore--mobile { display: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__playercore--show { display: block; } .article-video--bordered { border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; } .hero-video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 180px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .hero-video__video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 80%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; width: 80%; z-index: 2; } .hero-video__video--desktop { left: 0; top: 65px; width: 71.5% !important; } .hero-video__video--mobile { height: 64%; width: 100%; } .hero-video__video--small-desktop { height: 70%; left: 0; top: 78px; width: 67%; } .hero-video--small-desktop, .hero-video--desktop { display: block; height: 720px; } .hero-video img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; -webkit-filter: brightness(40%); filter: brightness(40%); } @media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .hero-video img { opacity: 0.5; } } .hero-video--mobile { height: 280px; } .hero-video--medium-mobile { height: 430px; } .hero-video--tablet { height: 574px; } .hero-video__play-button { position: absolute; z-index: 100; } .hero-video__video div div { position: inherit !important; position: unset !important; } .content-embed { width: 100%; } .infographic-embed__frame { width: 100%; } .bookmark-icon { background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer; height: 54px; padding: 0; width: 54px; } .bookmark-icon svg { height: 15px; margin: 15px; stroke: #949494; stroke-width: 40; -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform: scale(0.8); width: 15px; } .bookmark__icon--true-white svg { fill: #fff; } .bookmark__icon--black svg, .bookmark__icon--black path { fill: #000 !important; stroke: #000; } .bookmark__icon--light-grey svg { fill: currentColor !important; } .tooltip-box__container { position: relative; } .tooltip-box__message { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 5px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: -80px; width: 215px; z-index: 1; } .tooltip-box__border-arrow { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-bottom: 0; border-right: 0; height: 12px; left: 21px; position: absolute; top: -15px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-135deg); transform: rotate(-135deg); width: 12px; z-index: 2; } .tooltip-box__close { border: 0 !important; height: 15px !important; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 5px; top: -75px; width: 15px !important; z-index: 2; } .tooltip-box__close:hover .tooltip-box__close-icon { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .tooltip-box__close-icon { color: #444; cursor: pointer; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .article-share-tools { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .article-share-tools a, .article-share-tools button { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; color: #979797; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 52px; margin-right: 2px; width: 52px; } .article-share-tools--dark a, .article-share-tools--dark button { color: #444; height: 54px; width: 54px; } .article-share-tools--dark a svg, .article-share-tools--dark button svg { stroke: #444; } .article-share-tools a:hover, .article-share-tools button:hover { background-color: #fff; } .article-share-tools .facebook-icon:hover { color: #3b5898; } .article-share-tools .email-icon:hover { color: #615f5d; } .article-share-tools .twitter-icon:hover { color: #47c7fa; } .article-share-tools .linkedin-icon:hover { color: #0077b5; } .article-share-tools .whatsapp-icon:hover { color: #25d366; } .article-share-tools .facebook-messenger { color: #0184ff; } .article-share-tools .ticked-icon { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; font-size: 11px; margin-right: 2px; padding: 3px; } .article-share-tools--popout > *, .article-share-tools--popout a { color: #020203; margin-bottom: 3px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .share-tools-popout { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #979797; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; padding: 30px 0 20px; position: relative; width: 300px; } .share-tools-popout__text { color: #444; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 18px 18px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .share-tools-popout__url-container { padding: 0 18px; width: 100%; } .share-tools-popout__articleurl { border: 1px solid #979797; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a39f9f; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: -0.5px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0; padding: 12px 10px; text-align: center; width: 262px; } .share-tools-popout__close { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; right: 8px; top: 20px; } .share-tools-popout__close:hover .share-tools-popout__close-icon { color: #888; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .share-tools-popout__close-icon { color: #000; font-size: 16px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .share-tools-popout__border-arrow { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #979797; border-bottom: 0; border-right: 0; height: 12px; left: 40px; position: absolute; top: -7px; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); width: 12px; } .share-tools-popout__tools { margin-bottom: 13px; } .share-tools-popout__details { -ms-flex-item-align: normal; -ms-grid-row-align: normal; align-self: normal; color: #444; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 16px; margin: 0; max-width: 180px; padding-left: 14px; } .share-tools-popout__copied, .share-tools-popout__copy { background-color: #000; border: unset; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 12px 6px; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; width: 110px; } .share-tools-popout__copy:hover { background-color: #555; } .share-tools-popout__copied .gelicon--yes { color: #ff9700; margin-left: 8px; } .share-button-with-popout { position: relative; z-index: 9999; } .share-button-with-popout__popout { max-width: 330px; padding-right: 8px; position: absolute; top: 53px; width: 100%; } .share-button-with-popout__popout--desktop { width: auto; } .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 24px; } .article-end__share-tools { margin-bottom: 0; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 44px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__share-tools { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-bottom: 50px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__share { margin-top: 0; } .article-end__share { margin-top: 5px; } .domestic-disclaimer { background-color: #333; position: relative; } .domestic-disclaimer__content { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 990px; } .domestic-disclaimer__content--desktop-small { max-width: 976px; } .domestic-disclaimer__content--desktop { max-width: 1248px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px; margin: auto; padding: 8px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text--tablet { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 16px 54px 16px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text--desktop { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin-left: 0; max-width: 890px; padding: 14px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 0 16px 0 0; position: relative; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-button--desktop { padding: 0 16px 0 0; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-icon { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-icon--desktop { font-size: 22px; } .label-list { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; position: relative; } .label-list__line { width: 100%; } .label-list__content { margin: 30px 0 0 16px; width: 100%; } .label-list__content--tablet { margin: 34px 0 0 38px; } .label-list__content--desktop { margin: 42px 0 0 32px; } .label-list__list-item { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .label-list__link { color: #444; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; text-decoration: none; } .label-list__link:hover { color: #adadad; } .label-list__link--large { font-size: 22px; line-height: 29px; } .label-list__link:not(:first-of-type) { margin-top: 8px; } .label-list__link--large:not(:first-of-type) { margin-top: 12px; } .label-list__list-items { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 36px; } .label-list__list-items--tablet { margin-top: 52px; } .label-list__list-items--desktop { margin-top: 46px; } .section-header-text__text { background-color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5), 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 0 20px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5), 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5); margin: 0 8px; opacity: 0.95; padding: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 3; } .section-header-text__text--no-margin { margin: 0; } .section-header-text__ad { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0 8px 8px; position: relative; top: unset; } .section-header-text__ad--desktop { margin: 0 0 8px; } .section-header-text__title { display: inline-block; } .section-header-text__title--large-margin { margin: 0 40px 16px 0; } .section-header-text__title--premium { border: 1.78px solid; padding: 8px; } .section-header-text__title-content { color: #444; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin: unset; } .section-header-text__title-content--tablet { font-size: 24px; } .section-header-text__title-content--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .section-header-text__description { color: #555; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; } .section-header-text__description--large { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; } .section-header-unit { max-width: 1280px; position: relative; } .section-header-unit--tablet { height: 320px; } .section-header-unit--desktop { border-radius: 4px; height: 320px; overflow: hidden; } .section-header-unit__image { height: 320px; max-height: 320px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .section-header-unit__image img { left: 50%; position: relative; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } .section-header-unit__image--right img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: 0; width: unset; } .section-header-unit__image--left img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: unset; width: unset; } .section-header-unit__content { position: relative; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); } .section-header-unit__content--desktop { bottom: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; max-width: 420px; position: absolute; right: 32px; top: 0; -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } .section-header-unit__content--advert { -webkit-transform: translateY(calc(-50% - 28px)); transform: translateY(calc(-50% - 28px)); /* - half the height of the advert so the text is still centered. */ } .offline-reading { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .offline-reading__header { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 16px; max-width: 220px; text-align: center; } .offline-reading__header--desktop { font-size: 18px; max-width: 460px; } .offline-reading__buttons { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; text-align: center; } .offline-reading__buttons--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .offline-reading__top-stories { margin-bottom: 24px; } .offline-reading__top-stories--desktop { margin: 0 16px 0 0; } .offline-reading__icon { display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 24px; width: 120px; } .rectangle-image { background-size: cover; height: 74px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 132px; } .rectangle-image img { height: 100%; left: 50%; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: auto; } .rectangle-image--small { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 32px; width: 56px; } .rectangle-image--large { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 162px; width: 288px; } .rectangle-image--medium { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 126px; width: 222px; } .rectangle-image--full-screen { padding-top: 56.25%; width: 100%; } .rectangle-image img { -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease; transition: all 0.4s ease; } .rectangle-image__overlay { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; } .rectangle-image__overlay--culture { background-color: rgba(72, 41, 120, 0.6); } .rectangle-image:hover .rectangle-image__overlay { opacity: 1; } .rectangle-image:hover img { height: 108%; } .rectangle-story-item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 288px; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-image__overlay { opacity: 1; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #000; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture:hover .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #482978; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-image img { height: 108%; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container { position: relative; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-item--tablet { width: 222px; } .rectangle-story-item__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1 auto; flex: 1 1 auto; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 3px; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-item__label { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .rectangle-story-item__label--worklife:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label--future:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label__travel:hover { background-image: none; } .rectangle-story-item__label--worklife > span:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label--future > span:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label__travel > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a; } .rectangle-story-item__label--culture:hover { background-image: none; } .rectangle-story-item__label--culture > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #482978; } .rectangle-story-item__line { display: block; margin: 16px 0; } .rectangle-story-item__author { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.1px; line-height: 35px; text-decoration: none; } .rectangle-story-item__title { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); display: block; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none; } .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #000; bottom: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; height: 44px; line-height: 44px; position: absolute; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: 0.4s ease; transition: 0.4s ease; width: 44px; } .rectangle-story-item__title--white, .rectangle-story-item__author--white, .rectangle-story-item__label--white { color: #fff; } .rectangle-story-item__label--white:hover { border-bottom: 0; } .rectangle-story-item__label--white > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #fff; } .rectangle-story-item__remove-bookmark-btn { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #adadad; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-align: left; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .rectangle-article-group { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; } .rectangle-article-group--tablet, .rectangle-article-group--desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .rectangle-article-group__article { display: inline-block; padding-top: 12px; } .rectangle-article-group__article--tablet { padding: 0 16px 0 0; } .rectangle-article-group__article--desktop { padding: 0 24px 0 0; } .fake-ad { -ms-flex-line-pack: center; align-content: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background: #f6f6f6; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; padding: 8px; } .fake-ad__body { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background: #5ae9cb; color: #fff; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 0 0 auto; flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .fake-ad__text { -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; color: #444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; text-align: right; text-transform: uppercase; } .fake-ad--mpu .fake-ad__body { height: 320px; width: 320px; } .fake-ad--mpu .fake-ad__text { width: 320px; } .fake-ad--mobile-leaderboard .fake-ad__body { height: 50px; width: 300px; } .fake-ad--mobile-leaderboard .fake-ad__text { width: 300px; } .fake-ad--leaderboard .fake-ad__body { height: 90px; width: 728px; } .fake-ad--leaderboard .fake-ad__text { width: 728px; } .body-text-card-inline-image { margin: 24px 0; position: relative; } .body-text-card { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } .body-text-card__image, .body-text-card__video { margin: 24px 0; } .body-text-card__text { display: block; } .body-text-card__advert { margin: 20px 0; } .body-text-card__text div a { cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } .body-text-card__text a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .body-text-card__text > div > p { margin: 0 20px 16px; } .body-text-card__text > div > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .body-text-card__drop-capped { float: left; margin: 0 8px 0 20px; padding-top: 6px; } .body-text-card__text--drop-capped p:first-of-type::first-letter { color: transparent; font-size: 0; } .body-text-card__text--flush-text > div > p { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; } .body-text-card__text--future div a:visited { color: #666; } .body-text-card__text--future div a { color: #002856; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #002856; text-decoration-color: #002856; } .body-text-card__text--travel div a { color: #589e50; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #589e50; text-decoration-color: #589e50; } .body-text-card__text--worklife div a { color: #0052a1; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #0052a1; text-decoration-color: #0052a1; } .body-text-card__text--earth div a { color: #0fbb56; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #0fbb56; text-decoration-color: #0fbb56; } .body-text-card__text--culture div a { color: #472479; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #472479; text-decoration-color: #472479; } .branding { -webkit-box-sizing: content-box !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 24px; padding: 12px 16px; width: 100%; } .branding__icon { display: inline-block; height: 24px; width: 100%; } .branding__icon g { fill: #fff; } .branding--medium { padding: 16px; } .branding--large { padding: 16px 24px; } .branding--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .branding--future { background-color: #002856; } .branding--culture { background-color: #472479; } .branding--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .branding--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .branding--travel svg, .branding--earth svg, .branding--culture svg, .branding--future svg, .branding--worklife svg { height: 24px; } .branding--small, .branding--small svg { height: 17px; } .branding__icon--medium, .branding--medium, .branding--medium svg { height: 22px; } .branding__icon--large, .branding--large, .branding--large svg { height: 24px; } .branding__icon--largest, .branding--largest, .branding--largest svg { height: 32px; } .branding__icon--small, .branding--travel .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--earth .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--culture .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--future .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--worklife .branding__icon--small svg { height: 17px; } .swimlane-inner { background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto 100%; display: block; padding: 24px 16px; } .swimlane-inner--small { padding: 24px 8px; } .swimlane-inner--tablet { padding: 28px 16px 42px; } .swimlane-inner--small-desktop { padding: 30px 16px 42px; } .swimlane-inner--desktop { padding: 38px 16px 42px; } .swimlane { overflow: hidden; position: relative; z-index: 0; } .swimlane__black { background-color: #0e0e0e; } .swimlane__background-image { height: 500px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 915px; z-index: -1; } .swimlane__background-image--mobile { height: 181px; width: 320px; } .swimlane__background-image--tablet { height: 421px; width: 752px; } .swimlane__background-image--desktop { height: 500px; width: 915px; } .swimlane__background-image--atb { background-color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.8); background-size: cover; height: 100%; width: 100%; } .swimlane__item { margin: 0 0 25px; width: 100%; } .swimlane__item--desktop { margin: 0; } .swimlane__item--tablet { margin: 0 16px 25px 0; width: calc((100% - 48px) / 3); } .swimlane__item--tablet:nth-of-type(3n + 3) { margin-right: 0; } .swimlane__item--two-columns { margin-right: 0 !important; max-width: 572px; width: 50%; } .swimlane__item--four-columns { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-right: 16px; width: calc((100% - 48px) / 4); } .swimlane__item--four-columns:nth-of-type(4n + 4) { margin-right: 0; } .swimlane__items { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 24px; text-align: left; } .swimlane__items--desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-top: 42px; } .swimlane__items--small-desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 30px; } .swimlane__items--tablet { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 30px; } .swimlane__items--no-title { margin-top: 0; } .swimlane__content { margin: auto; max-width: 942px; text-align: center; } .swimlane__content--desktop { max-width: 1216px; } .swimlane__title { color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; text-transform: uppercase; } .swimlane__title--black { color: #010101; font-weight: 400; } .see-more-button-container-alt { color: #0e0e0e; } .follow-us-on { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; } .follow-us-on__text { color: #fff; font-size: 16px; font-style: condensed; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 20px; padding: 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .follow-us-on__links { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .follow-us-on__link:first-child { margin-right: 16px; } .nav-bar { background-color: #fff; } .nav-bar__hidden-menu { display: none; } .nav-bar__visible-menu { display: block; } .nav-bar__no-scroll { max-height: 100vh; overflow: hidden; } .dot-with-label { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .dot-with-label__text { padding-left: 8px; } .dot-with-label__text a { text-decoration: none; } .dot-with-label__text:hover h2 { color: #adadad; } .sponsor-section { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; max-width: 530px; } .sponsor-section--menu { padding: 20px 0 16px 24px; } .sponsor-section__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; } .sponsor-section__container--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; } .sponsor-section__sponsor { color: #fff; padding-right: 16px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 26px; margin: 0; white-space: nowrap; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--mobile { padding-bottom: 16px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--desktop { font-size: 22px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--menu { color: #fff; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--menu-desktop { font-size: 32px; } .sponsor-section__summary { color: #ebebeb; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding-top: 16px; } .sponsor-section__advert { display: inline-block; } .icon-with-label { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .icon-with-label__icon { padding-right: 10px; } .more-articles-item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .more-articles-item__link { text-decoration: none; } .more-articles-item__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; } .more-articles-item__label { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 8px; } .more-articles-item__type { margin-right: 16px; position: relative; } .more-articles-item__icon { color: #fff; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 8px; } .more-articles-item__text { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; padding: 0; position: relative; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.7); -webkit-transition: color 0.4s; transition: color 0.4s; } .more-articles-item__text--medium { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .more-articles-item__text--large { color: #ebebeb; font-size: 30px; line-height: 37px; } .more-articles-item__container--column { -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .more-articles-item__image-container { position: relative; } .more-articles-item--two-columns { margin-right: 16px; } .more-articles-item__label--desktop { margin-top: 16px; } .more-articles-item__label--tablet { margin-top: 16px; } .more-articles-item__link:hover .more-articles-item__text { color: #adadad; } .full-width-image-article { width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__container { min-height: 325px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .full-width-image-article__container--desktop { min-height: 400px; } .full-width-image-article__image { height: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__text { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; color: #fff; left: 50%; max-width: 488px; padding: 0 20px; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__text a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__label { display: inline-block; font-size: 14.4px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3.6px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-transform: uppercase; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__header { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.25px; line-height: 42px; margin: 0; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__header--desktop { font-size: 33.6px; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__author { font-size: 16.6px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.13px; line-height: 42px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 28px; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__author--desktop { margin-top: 32px; } .full-width-image-article__background { background-image: radial-gradient(50% 49%, rgba(5, 36, 53, 0.37) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 83%); height: 100%; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__link { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .more-articles { background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; overflow: hidden; position: relative; -webkit-transition: background-image 0.4s; transition: background-image 0.4s; } .more-articles__heading { margin: auto; max-width: 1272px; padding: 20px 0 0 16px; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .more-articles__stories { margin: 10px 16px 42px; max-width: 1232px; padding: 8px; position: relative; z-index: 4; } .more-articles__stories--small { padding: 0; } .more-articles__stories--tablet { margin: 24px 16px 72px; max-width: 1216px; } .more-articles__stories--desktop { margin: 56px 48px 92px; max-width: 1152px; } .more-articles__story-container:not(:first-of-type) { padding-top: 16px; } .more-articles__line { opacity: 0.3; padding-top: 16px; z-index: 5; } .more-articles__image-overlay { background-color: rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.3); bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; z-index: 1; } .more-articles__image { opacity: 0; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .more-articles__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .more-articles__image--right img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: 0; width: unset; } .more-articles__image--left img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: unset; width: unset; } .more-articles__image--visible { opacity: 1; } .more-articles__story--two-columns, .more-articles__story--three-columns { padding-right: 16px; width: 310px; } .more-articles__story-container:nth-child(even) .more-articles__story--two-columns { padding-right: 0; } .more-articles__story-container:nth-child(3n + 3) .more-articles__story--three-columns { padding-right: 0; } .more-articles__stories--two-columns, .more-articles__stories--three-columns { -ms-flex-align: end; align-items: flex-end; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 16px; } .more-articles__story-container--two-columns { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 50%; } .more-articles__story-container--two-columns:nth-child(2) { padding-top: 0; } .more-articles__story-container--three-columns { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 33%; } .more-articles__story-container--three-columns:nth-child(-n + 3) { padding-top: 0; } .more-articles__heading--small { padding: 20px 0 0 8px; } .more-articles__heading--desktop { max-width: 1264px; padding: 38px 0 0 16px; } .more-articles__heading--tablet { max-width: 1264px; padding: 24px 0 0 16px; } .most-popular { background-color: #f9f9f9; } .most-popular__inner { margin: 0 auto; max-width: 894px; padding: 45px 24px 21px; } .most-popular__inner--desktop { padding: 47px 0 86px; } .most-popular__header { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .most-popular__items { display: block; } .most-popular__items--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 57px; } .most-popular-item { box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 33px; } .most-popular-item:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 42px; } .most-popular-item--desktop { padding: 0 20px; width: calc(33.333%); } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(3n + 2) { -ms-flex-order: 2; order: 2; padding: 38px 20px; } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(3n + 3) { -ms-flex-order: 3; order: 3; } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(n+4) { border-left: 1px solid #dadada; } .most-popular-item--desktop:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0; } .most-popular-item a { text-decoration: none; } .most-popular-item__content { -ms-flex-align: start; align-items: flex-start; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-top: 5px; } .most-popular-item__number { color: #cbcbcb; font-size: 40px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 32px; margin: 0 20px 0 0; width: 25px; } .most-popular-item__label { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0 0 0 45px; text-transform: uppercase; } .most-popular-item__title { color: #2e2e2ecc; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; } .StickyElementContent { -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s; transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s; transition: transform 0.5s; transition: transform 0.5s, -webkit-transform 0.5s; } .StickyElementContent--is-undocked { left: 0; position: fixed; top: 0; width: 100%; } .StickyElementContent--is-hidden { -webkit-transform: translateY(-100%); transform: translateY(-100%); } .error-page-header { position: relative; } .error-page-header__headers { margin-bottom: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .error-page-header__headers--tablet-plus { margin-bottom: 32px; } .error-page-header__description { color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; } .error-page-header__play-icon { margin-right: 16px; } .error-page-header__play-icon button { color: #adadad; } .error-page-header__dot-label { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .styled-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .styled-list__item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .styled-list__item:not(:first-of-type) { padding-top: 8px; } .styled-list__item a { font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } .styled-list__item--worklife a { color: #8beed9; } .styled-list__item--future a { color: #ffc857; } .styled-list__item--culture a { color: #472479; } .styled-list__item--earth a { color: #002856; } .styled-list__item--travel a { color: #002856; } .styled-list__text { color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 20px; } .styled-list__dot { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-top: 8px; } .image-gallery-item { margin: 26px 0; } .image-gallery-item img { height: 100%; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; width: 100%; } .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -3%; width: 106%; } @media (max-width: 1000px) and (min-width: 767px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -16%; width: 116%; } } @media (max-width: 1180px) and (min-width: 1024px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -8%; width: 108%; } } @media (max-width: 1365px) and (min-width: 1280px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -42%; width: 142%; } } @media (min-width: 1366px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -55%; width: 155%; } } .image-gallery-item__image--portrait { margin: 20px 0; width: 100%; } @media (max-width: 599px) { .image-gallery-item__image--portrait { margin-left: -3%; width: 106%; } } .image-gallery-item__image--portrait, .image-gallery-item__image--portrait img { max-height: 507px; min-height: 463px; } @media (max-width: 1279px) and (min-width: 768px) { .image-gallery-item__image--portrait, .image-gallery-item__image--portrait img { min-height: 818px; } } .styled-line { background-color: #8beed9; height: 3px; width: 72px; } .styled-line--small { width: 45px; } .styled-line--medium { width: 135px; } .styled-line--large { height: 1px; width: auto; } .styled-line--height--large { height: 5px; } .styled-line--height--small { height: 1px; } .styled-line--xs-small { width: 25px; } .styled-line--worklife { background-color: #8beed9; } .styled-line--future { background-color: #ffc857; } .styled-line--culture { background-color: #472479; } .styled-line--earth { background-color: #002856; } .styled-line--travel { background-color: #002856; } .styled-line--white { background-color: #fff; } .styled-line--dark-grey { background-color: #6a6a6a; } .styled-line--grey { background-color: #dedede; } .article-labels { font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-transform: uppercase; } .article-labels a { color: #fff; letter-spacing: 1px; text-decoration: none; } .article-labels__text:first-child { font-weight: bold; } .rectangle-story-group { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin: auto; position: relative; } .rectangle-story-group__articles { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; } .rectangle-story-group__articles--small-tablet { -ms-flex-pack: unset; justify-content: unset; } .rectangle-story-group__articles--full-screen { display: block; } .rectangle-story-group__article { display: inline-block; padding-left: 18px; padding-top: 16px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--tablet { padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 22px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--desktop { padding-left: 22px; padding-top: 24px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--desktop:first-of-type { padding-left: 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-tablet { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; width: 50%; } .rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen { display: block; padding: 16px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen:first-of-type { padding-top: 0; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-desktop { padding-left: 10px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-desktop:last-of-type { padding-right: 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__articles-container { margin: auto; max-width: 950px; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 16px 16px 24px; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu--desktop { border-left: 1px solid #dadada; display: block; padding: 0 0 0 16px; padding-top: 0; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu--small-desktop { display: block; padding: 0 0 0 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__hero--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .rectangle-story-group__article-hero--tablet { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .article-title-card-rectangle { width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image:hover .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay { opacity: 1; } .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; transition: transform 0.5s ease; transition: transform 0.5s ease, -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; width: 100%; will-change: transform; } .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--culture { background-color: rgba(72, 41, 120, 0.6); } .article-title-card-rectangle__image { margin-right: 40px; max-height: 390px; max-width: 620px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: auto; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image img { display: block; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop { margin-right: 0; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--tablet img, .article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop img { width: 110%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--preview-article { margin-right: 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__container--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--preview-article { margin-right: 8px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box { background-color: #fff; margin-left: 40px; padding: 16px 22px 0; position: relative; top: -22px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--worklife:hover, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--future:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--culture:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #482978; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header { color: #3d3d3d; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 35px; margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 12px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--tablet { font-size: 26px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author { color: #000; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 35px; margin: 8px 0 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author--tablet { margin: 14px 0 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--desktop { left: -40px; margin: 0; padding: 40px; top: 0; -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--tablet { padding: 35px 22px 22px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__link { color: #000; text-decoration: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container { display: block; max-width: 252px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--desktop { max-width: 320px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__preview-container { color: #4d4d4d; text-decoration: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__preview-text { display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 27px; max-width: 396px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__read-more { display: inline-block; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 4px; margin: 25px 16px 0 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .article-title-card-rectangle__arrow { color: #bababa; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(-90deg); transform: rotate(-90deg); } .article-headline { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; padding: 38px 0; } .article-headline .article-labels { text-align: center; } .article-headline__line--short { margin-bottom: 40px; } .article-headline--largeTablet .article-headline__text { font-size: 32px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--tablet .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 24px; } .article-headline--tablet .article-headline__text { font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; margin: 0 15px 15px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--mobile { padding: 20px 0; } .article-headline--mobile .article-headline__text { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.63px; margin: 0 15px 15px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--mobile .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 40px; } .article-headline__collection a { color: #242424; } .article-headline__text { font-size: 45px; letter-spacing: -1.26px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 44px; } .hero-image { height: 720px; position: relative; } .hero-image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .hero-image--small-mobile { height: 180px; } .hero-image--mobile { height: 210px; } .hero-image--medium-mobile { height: 430px; } .hero-image--tablet { height: 574px; } .loading-spinner { margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } .loading-spinner__message { color: #002756; display: block; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .loading-spinner__image { display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: 48px; } @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } } .spinner { fill: #444; } .spinner__image { -webkit-animation: spin 1s linear infinite; animation: spin 1s linear infinite; } .spinner--worklife { fill: #8beed9; } .spinner--future { fill: #ffc857; } .spinner--culture { fill: #472479; } .spinner--travel { fill: #002856; } .spinner--earth { fill: #002856; } .similar-articles-list { background-color: #f9f9f9; position: relative; text-align: center; } .similar-articles-list__container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-left: -50px; } .similar-articles-list__collection { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .similar-articles-list__header { background-color: #000; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 0 36px; padding: 8px; text-transform: uppercase; } .similar-articles-list__title { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); display: block; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.19px; line-height: 22px; margin-top: 3px; text-decoration: none; } .similar-articles-list__number { color: #000; font-size: 40px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0; margin-right: 26px; opacity: 0.18; } .similar-articles-list__articles-article { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 262px; padding-bottom: 32px; position: relative; } .similar-articles-list__articles-article:last-child { padding-bottom: 58px; } .similar-articles-list__number, .similar-articles-list__text { display: inline-block; } .similar-articles-list__text { margin-left: 50px; max-width: 210px; text-align: left; } .see-more-button { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; text-align: center; } .see-more-button__inner { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #6c6c6c; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 13px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: linear 0.6s; transition: linear 0.6s; } .see-more-button__inner-arrow { color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 10px; position: absolute; right: 9px; top: 2px; -webkit-transition: linear 0.3s; transition: linear 0.3s; } .see-more-button__inner-text { margin-right: 24px; } .see-more-button__inner:hover { color: #4a4a4a; } .see-more-button__inner:hover .see-more-button__inner-arrow { color: #4a4a4a; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .beta-btn { background-color: #e6711b; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; height: 25px; line-height: 12px; padding: 0 7px; width: 66px; } .beta-btn:hover .beta-btn__arrow { cursor: pointer; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .beta-btn:hover .beta-btn__arrow--expanded { -webkit-transform: rotate(-35deg); transform: rotate(-35deg); } .beta-btn__copy { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 17px; margin: 16px auto; max-width: 50%; } .beta-btn__arrow { border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 3px; position: relative; top: -1px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .beta-btn__arrow--expanded { -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .article-hero { height: 672px; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 100%; } .article-hero--small-mobile { height: 373px; } .article-hero--mobile { height: 486px; } .article-hero--small-tablet { height: 433px; } .article-hero--tablet { height: 433px; } .article-hero--tablet .article-hero__content { padding: 60px 15px 0; } .article-hero__content { margin: auto; max-width: 1004px; } .article-hero--desktop { height: 573px; } .article-hero--desktop .article-hero__content { padding: 50px 30px 0; } .article-hero--large-desktop .article-hero__content { max-width: 1276px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content { padding: 60px 10px 0; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-title, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-title, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-title { font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; max-width: 220px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-line, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-line, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-line { margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-labels, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-labels, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-labels { margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-cta, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-cta, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-cta { line-height: 22px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-cta a, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-cta a, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-cta a { letter-spacing: 3px; } .article-hero__ambient-hidden { display: none; } .article-hero--gradient { background-image: linear-gradient(-63deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) 24%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 51%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) 67%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.51) 100%); } .article-hero__background-ambient { bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; z-index: -1; } .article-hero__background img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; z-index: -1; } .article-hero__background--parallax img { -webkit-transform: scale(1.1); transform: scale(1.1); } .article-hero a { color: #fff; letter-spacing: 3px; text-decoration: none; } .article-hero__content-cta { clear: both; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 4px; line-height: 20px; max-width: 170px; text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); text-transform: uppercase; } .article-hero__content-cta a { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; letter-spacing: 4px; } .article-hero__content-labels { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 20px; } .article-hero__content-line { background-color: #fff; border: 0; display: block; float: left; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-right: 300px; margin-top: 25px; width: 120px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow { position: relative; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow::before { background: #fff; content: ''; height: 2px; left: 5px; margin-top: -1px; opacity: 0.4; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; transition: all 0.3s ease; width: 20px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow::after { border-right: 2px solid #fff; border-top: 2px solid #fff; content: ''; display: inline-block; height: 10px; left: 16px; margin-top: 5px; opacity: 0.4; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); width: 10px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow--small::before { opacity: 1; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow--small::after { margin-top: 6px; opacity: 1; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow img { height: 11px; margin-left: 10px; width: 19px; } .article-hero__content-title { color: #fff; font-size: 50px; line-height: 54px; margin-top: 0; max-width: 450px; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.7); } .article-hero__content-title a { letter-spacing: -1.32px; } .article-hero__title-text { display: inline; } .article-hero__content-title > a:hover > div, .article-hero__content-subtitle > a:hover { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(100%, currentColor), color-stop(0%, transparent)); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, currentColor 100%, transparent 0%); background-position: 0 1.15em; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: 100% 2px; } .article-hero__content-subtitle { clear: both; color: #fff; font-size: 23px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0; max-width: 440px; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); } .article-hero__content-subtitle a { letter-spacing: -1px; } .article-hero__content-title--small { font-size: 30px; line-height: 35px; } .article-hero__content-title--tablet { clear: both; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; line-height: 42px; max-width: 264px; } .article-hero__content-title--small a { letter-spacing: -0.63px; } .article-hero__down-arrow { background-color: transparent; border: 0; bottom: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; left: calc(50% - 29px); margin: 0; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: scale(0.5); transform: scale(0.5); } .see-more-button-container { color: #fff; } .see-more-button { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; text-align: center; } .see-more-button-inner { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #6c6c6c; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 13px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; } .see-more-button-inner--light { color: #b4b4b4; } .see-more-button-inner__arrow { color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 10px; position: absolute; right: 9px; top: 2px; } .see-more-button-inner__arrow--light { color: #b4b4b4; } .see-more-button-inner__text { margin-right: 24px; } .load-more-button { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .load-more-button__refresh.gelicon--refresh { margin-right: 16px; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .load-more-button__downarrow { color: #adadad; font-size: 22px; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .load-more-button__loading .load-more-button__refresh.gelicon--refresh { -webkit-animation: spin 2s linear infinite; animation: spin 2s linear infinite; } .load-more-button__downarrow:first-of-type { padding-right: 16px; } .load-more-button__downarrow:not(:first-of-type) { padding-left: 16px; } @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(-270deg); transform: rotate(-270deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(-270deg); transform: rotate(-270deg); } } .basic-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #adadad; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #fff, 0 2px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #fff, 0 2px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); color: #193e6d; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 20px; height: 54px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 222px; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .basic-button--estimated { height: 64px; } .basic-button--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .basic-button--future { color: #002856; } .basic-button--culture { color: #472479; } .basic-button--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button--travel { color: #589e50; } .basic-button__text { color: #444; font-family: 'BBC Reith Sans Cd'; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .basic-button__text--estimated { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .basic-button__text--estimated-text { font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300; } .basic-button__text--white { color: #fff; } .basic-button__text--curious { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; } .basic-button__text--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .basic-button__text--future { color: #002856; } .basic-button__text--culture { color: #472479; } .basic-button__text--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button__text--travel { color: #589e50; } .basic-button::before { padding-right: 16px; } .basic-button:hover { background-color: #dedede; } .basic-button--background-light-blue:hover { background-color: #dfe8ff; } .basic-button--background-black { background-color: #000; } .basic-button--background-black:hover { background-color: #494646; } .basic-button--background-worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .basic-button--background-future { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button--background-culture { background-color: #472479; } .basic-button--background-earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button--background-travel { background-color: #589e50; } .basic-button--background-worklife:hover { background-color: #4494e4; } .basic-button--background-future:hover { background-color: #ffc857; } .basic-button--background-culture:hover { background-color: #472479; } .basic-button--background-earth:hover { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button--background-travel:hover { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button__text--bold { font-weight: bold; } .AdFrame { display: -ms-inline-flexbox; display: inline-flex; } .AdFrame--default { background-color: #f6f6f6; } .AdFrame--dark-grey { background-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.8); } .AdFrame--centre-aligned { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .read-more-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; font-weight: bold; position: relative; width: 224px; } .text-with-styled-background { height: inherit; position: relative; width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background--collection { display: inline-block; width: unset; } .text-with-styled-background--center-align { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .text-with-styled-background__text { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #444; display: block; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; padding: 0 0 0 10px; position: relative; } .text-with-styled-background__text--large { font-size: 26px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0 0 0 24px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--medium { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--remove-padding { padding: 0; width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__text--largest { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .text-with-styled-background__text--future { color: #002856; } .text-with-styled-background__text--culture { color: #472479; } .text-with-styled-background__text--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .text-with-styled-background__text--travel { color: #589e50; } .text-with-styled-background__text--blue { color: #0052a1; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; padding: 0; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection--medium { font-size: 32px; line-height: 38px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection--large { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .text-with-styled-background__line-container { bottom: 0; margin-left: 13px; position: absolute; width: calc(100% - 26px); } .text-with-styled-background__line { background-color: rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.05); height: 26px; max-width: 240px; position: relative; } .text-with-styled-background__line--large { bottom: -10px; height: 42px; max-width: 340px; } .text-with-styled-background__line--narrow { height: 26px; max-width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__line--medium { bottom: -10px; height: 36px; max-width: 340px; } .text-with-styled-background__line--largest { max-width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__line-container--collection { width: calc(100% + 26px); } .text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin { margin: 0; } .text-with-styled-background__line--collection { height: 26px; } .error-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 22px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; } .error-button .gelicon--alert { color: #ececec; } .simple-header { color: #444; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; } .simple-header--large { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .simple-header--simple { font-size: 18px; line-height: 22px; } .simple-header--small { font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px; } .simple-header--smallest { font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; } .simple-header--medium { font-size: 24px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--regular { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--condensed-bold { font-stretch: condensed; } .simple-header--condensed-bold.simple-header--large { line-height: 37px; } .simple-header--condensed-bold.simple-header--regular { line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--white { color: #fff; } .play-button__inline-audio, .play-button__inline-video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 16px; height: 49px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 49px; } .play-button__inline-audio .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video .gelicon--play { color: #ececec; } .play-button__inline-audio--worklife .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--worklife .gelicon--play { color: #8beed9; } .play-button__inline-audio--travel .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--travel .gelicon--play { color: #002856; } .play-button__inline-audio--future .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--future .gelicon--play { color: #ffc857; } .play-button__inline-audio--culture .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--culture .gelicon--play { color: #472479; } .play-button__inline-audio--earth .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--earth .gelicon--play { color: #002856; } .play-button__inline-audio { color: #fff; font-size: 22px; height: 50px; width: 50px; } .play-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border: 2px solid #5ae9cb; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 22px; height: 80px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 80px; } .play-button:hover { color: #5ae9cb; } .play-button--white { border: 4px solid #fff; } .play-button--white:hover { color: #fff; } .play-button--white .gelicon--play { color: inherit; } .play-button--worklife { border: 2px solid #8beed9; } .play-button--worklife:hover { color: #8beed9; } .play-button--travel { border: 2px solid #002856; } .play-button--travel:hover { color: #002856; } .play-button--future { border: 2px solid #ffc857; } .play-button--future:hover { color: #ffc857; } .play-button--culture { border: 2px solid #472479; } .play-button--culture:hover { color: #472479; } .play-button--earth { border: 2px solid #002856; } .play-button--earth:hover { color: #002856; } .play-button--desktop { font-size: 30px; height: 76px; width: 76px; } .play-button--background-hover:hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); } .screen-reader-only { border: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-clip-path: inset(50%); clip-path: inset(50%); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute !important; width: 1px; word-wrap: normal !important; } .text-summary__text { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; text-align: left; } .text-summary__text--blue { color: #193e6d; } .text-summary__text--black { color: #000; } .text-summary__text--grey { color: #6a6a6a; } .text-summary__text--dark-grey { color: #444; } .text-summary__text--left { text-align: left; } .text-summary__text--right { text-align: right; } .simple-p-tag { color: #444; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; } .simple-p-tag--large { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .simple-header--serif-light-italic { font-style: italic; line-height: inherit; } .inline-html { display: block; } .drop-capped { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; border: 2px solid #444; color: #444; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; float: left; font-size: 58px; font-weight: bold; height: 84px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin: 8px 10px 4px 0; text-transform: uppercase; width: 84px; } .drop-capped--worklife { border-color: #8beed9; } .drop-capped--future { border-color: #ffc857; } .drop-capped--culture { border-color: #444; } .drop-capped--earth { border-color: #002856; } .drop-capped--travel { border-color: #002856; } .drop-capped--desktop { margin-right: 24px; } .close-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .close-nav__icon { color: #fff; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 20px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .close-nav:hover .close-nav__icon { color: #cecece; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .close-nav__label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 12px; } .nav-label { color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .nav-label:hover { color: #8e8e8e; } .nav-label--menu { color: #ebebeb; } .nav-label--menu:hover { color: #cecece; } .nav-label--white { color: #fff; } .nav-label--curiousSans { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; } .nav-links__link { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; padding-right: 24px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-links__link--active p { border-bottom: 2px solid #002856; font-weight: bold; } .nav-links__link--active--menu p { border-bottom: unset; } .nav-links__link--active--worklife p { border-bottom: 2px solid #0052a1; } .nav-links__link--active--culture p { border-bottom: 2px solid #472479; } .nav-links__link--active--earth p { border-bottom: 2px solid #0fbb56; } .nav-links__link--active--travel p { border-bottom: 2px solid #589e50; } .nav-links__icon { background-color: #0052a1; bottom: 10px; height: 2px; position: absolute; width: 80px; } .nav-links__link--menu { display: block; padding-right: unset; } .nav-links__icon--menu { display: none; } .nav-links__icon--menu-tablet { width: 60px; } .nav-links__icon--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .nav-links__icon--future { background-color: #002856; } .nav-links__icon--culture { background-color: #472479; } .nav-links__icon--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .nav-links__icon--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .nav-links__link--menu p { font-size: 26px; padding: 0 0 32px 24px; } .nav-links__link--menu-desktop p { font-size: 32px; line-height: 42px; padding: 0 0 44px 100px; } .burger-nav { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #0052a1; cursor: pointer; font-size: 20px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .burger-nav--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .burger-nav--future { color: #002856; } .burger-nav--culture { color: #472479; } .burger-nav--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .burger-nav--travel { color: #589e50; } .burger-nav--medium { font-size: 16px; } .burger-nav--small { font-size: 12px; } .nav-menu { background-color: #0052a1; display: block; height: 100%; left: 0; min-height: 100vh; opacity: 0.98; overflow: auto; position: fixed; top: 0; width: 100vw; } .nav-menu--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .nav-menu--future { background-color: #002856; } .nav-menu--culture { background-color: #472479; } .nav-menu--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .nav-menu--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .nav-menu__close-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; padding: 16px 8px 60px; } .nav-menu__close-nav--desktop { padding: 20px 16px 70px; } .nav-menu__sponsored { background-color: rgba(34, 34, 34, 0.5); height: 100%; margin-bottom: 32px; } .nav-menu__sponsored--desktop { margin-bottom: 44px; } .nav-menu__sponsored-container { padding: 20px 16px 16px 24px; } .nav-menu__sponsored--desktop-container { margin: auto; max-width: 1264px; padding: 20px 16px 20px 100px; } .nav-menu__follow-us { padding: 52px 0 34px; } .ad-slot { display: inline-block; } .ad-slot__container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .ad-slot__label { max-width: 120px; min-width: 112px; padding-right: 8px; text-align: right; } .ad-slot--leaderboard { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .ad-slot__label--mpu, .ad-slot__label--leaderboard { margin-bottom: 8px; max-width: unset; padding-right: unset; text-align: right; } .ad-slot__container--mpu, .ad-slot__container--leaderboard { display: inline-block; -ms-flex-wrap: unset; flex-wrap: unset; } .ad-slot__fake--sponsor { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 31px; min-width: 88px; } .ad-slot__fake--mpu { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 250px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__fake--mpu-large { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 600px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-large { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 90px; min-width: 728px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-medium { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 50px; min-width: 320px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-small { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 50px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__label--dark { color: #dcdcdc; } .ad-slot--dark { background-color: #f6f6f6; padding: 8px; } .ad-slot--black { background-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.8); padding: 8px; } .open-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 0; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .open-nav__icon { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .open-nav__label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 12px; } .play-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .play-icon--red { color: #f00; } .play-icon--grey { color: #999; } .play-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .play-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .camera-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .camera-icon--red { color: #f00; } .camera-icon--grey { color: #999; } .camera-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .camera-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .nav-build-bar { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: auto; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; width: 100%; } .nav-build-bar--mobile { height: auto; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; } .nav-build-bar--mobile .nav-build-bar__title-content { white-space: pre-wrap; } .nav-build-bar--tablet { height: 58px; } .nav-build-bar--desktop { height: 60px; } .nav-build-bar__links { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; margin-left: auto; overflow: hidden; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored-brand { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-left: 8px; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored-brand--no-brand { margin-left: 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 0 8px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding--tablet { padding: 0 30px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding--desktop { padding: 0 80px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__title-content { border: 1.78px solid; color: #444; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin: unset; padding: 8px; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .nav-build-bar__title-content--tablet { font-size: 24px; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-build-bar__title-content--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 48px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav-button { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding-left: 8px; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored { background-color: #f6f6f6; border: 1px solid #d3d3d3; height: 48px; padding: 0 16px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav--desktop { padding-right: 16px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav--mobile { -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; max-width: 100px; width: 100%; } .styled-dot { background-color: #5ae9cb; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 6px; width: 6px; } .styled-dot--no-cursor { cursor: unset; } .styled-dot--medium { -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; height: 10px; width: 10px; } .styled-dot--dark-blue { background-color: #193e6d; } .styled-dot--purple { background-color: #362e67; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--black { background-color: #000; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--grey-green { background-color: #008e9b; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--dark-green { background-color: #589e50; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--worklife { background-color: #8beed9; } .styled-dot--future { background-color: #ffc857; } .styled-dot--culture { background-color: #472479; } .styled-dot--earth { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--travel { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--worklife-prime { background-color: #0052a1; } .styled-dot--future-prime { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--culture-prime { background-color: #472479; } .styled-dot--earth-prime { background-color: #0fbb56; } .styled-dot--travel-prime { background-color: #589e50; } .styled-dot--large { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); height: 16px; width: 16px; } .styled-dot--small { -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; height: 8px; width: 8px; } .styled-dot--grey { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } .info-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .info-icon--red { color: #f00; } .info-icon--grey { color: #999; } .info-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .info-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .email-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 11px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .email-icon:hover { background-color: #000; } .email-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .facebook-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 15px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .facebook-icon:hover { background-color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--blue { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #3b5998; color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--blue:hover { background-color: #3b5998; color: #fff; } .facebook-icon--white { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #fff; color: #fff; } .facebook-icon--white:hover { background-color: #fff; color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--small { font-size: 20px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } .hero-header { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .hero-header__header { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #fff; font-size: 38px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.7); } .hero-header__header--large { font-size: 44px; line-height: 48px; } .hero-header__header--medium { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .hero-header__header--small { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .hero-header__header--black { color: #000; text-shadow: unset; } .hero-header__header--grey { color: #adadad; text-shadow: unset; } .ticked-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #13de99; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .ticked-icon--small { font-size: 12px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } .google-plus-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 26px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .google-plus-icon:hover { background-color: #d34836; } .google-plus-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .linkedin-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .linkedin-icon:hover { background-color: #0077b5; } .linkedin-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .reddit-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 26px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .reddit-icon:hover { background-color: #ff4500; } .reddit-icon__hide { display: none; } .reddit-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .share-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; color: #444; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; letter-spacing: 3px; padding: 18px 16px; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; width: 110px; z-index: 55; } .share-button .gelicon--share { margin-right: 10px; -webkit-transition: 0.3s ease-in; transition: 0.3s ease-in; } .share-button:hover .gelicon--share, .share-button .gelicon--share-sharing { -webkit-transform: rotate(-180deg); transform: rotate(-180deg); } .twitter-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .twitter-icon:hover { background-color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--light-blue { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #1da1f2; color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--light-blue:hover { background-color: #1da1f2; color: #fff; } .twitter-icon--white { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #fff; color: #fff; } .twitter-icon--white:hover { background-color: #fff; color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--small { font-size: 18px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } .whatsapp-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .whatsapp-icon:hover { background-color: #25d366; } .whatsapp-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; }html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; } #root *, #root *::before, #root *::after { box-sizing: border-box; } #root article, #root aside, #root figure, #root footer, #root header, #root nav, #root section { display: block; } body { background: #fff; } .app__body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100vh; overflow: visible; position: relative; } .app__domestic-disclaimer { bottom: 0; position: fixed; width: 100%; z-index: 5000; } .main { display: flex; flex: 1 0 auto; flex-direction: column; } .navigation { background-color: #fff; display: none; margin: auto; max-width: 1248px; padding: 4px 16px 0; position: relative; z-index: 1000; } @media (min-width: 1008px) and (max-width: 1279px) { .navigation { max-width: 976px; } } @media (min-width: 600px) { .navigation { padding: 0 16px 1px; } } @media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1007px) { .navigation { max-width: 990px; } } @media (min-width: 300px) and (max-width: 399px) { .navigation { padding: 4px 8px; } } .navigation--display { display: block; } .navigation-sticky--undocked { background-color: #fff; width: 100%; z-index: 10000; } .StickyElement { position: relative; z-index: 1501; } .loader { display: none; height: 100%; left: -99999px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; top: 0; transition: 0.2s opacity; width: 100%; z-index: 1000; } .loader--is-active { background: white; display: block; left: 0; opacity: 1; } .loader__body { display: none; left: 50%; position: fixed; top: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%); } .loader__body--show-loader { display: block; } .no-js .loader { display: none; } .vertical-index { display: flex; flex: 1 0 auto; flex-direction: column; } .vertical-index__collection-swimlane { min-height: 400px; } .vertical-index .article-hero__content { margin-top: 106px; padding-left: 25px; } .vertical-index__full-width-ad { background-color: #f1f1f1; padding: 25px; } .vertical-index__latest-articles { margin-top: 35px; } .vertical-index__latest-articles--mobile { margin-top: 28px; } .vertical-index__storyworks-section { margin: auto; max-width: 1248px; padding: 16px 0 0; } @media (min-width: 1008px) { .vertical-index__storyworks-section { padding: 16px 16px 0; } } @media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1007px) { .vertical-index__storyworks-section { margin: auto; max-width: 990px; padding: 8px 16px 0; } } @media (min-width: 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src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08js943.jpg" alt="Jeff Wolfram/ HYA" id=""/><div class="full-width-image-article__background"></div></div><div class="full-width-image-article__text"><a class="full-width-image-article__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/designed"><span class="full-width-image-article-text__label b-reith-sans-font">designed</span></a><a class="full-width-image-article__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families"><h2 class="full-width-image-article-text__header b-reith-sans-font b-font-weight-300">Beautiful homes for extended families</h2></a><p class="full-width-image-article-text__author b-font-family-serif b-font-weight-300">By Andrea Marechal Watson</p></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__latest-articles vertical-index__latest-articles--mobile"><div 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data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::2"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Alamy)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08hc6hj.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08hc6hj.jpg 304w, 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class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives"><span>The film that’s saved people’s lives</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Larushka Ivan-Zadeh</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="Remarkable photos of people in nature" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::3"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><img draggable="false" title="Eyes as Big as Plates #Agnes II (Norway 2011) (Credit: Karoline Hjorth and Riitta Ikonen)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08h5v45.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08h5v45.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08h5v45.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08h5v45.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08h5v45.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08h5v45.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08h5v45.jpg" alt="Eyes as Big as Plates #Agnes II (Norway 2011) (Credit: Karoline Hjorth and Riitta Ikonen)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/tags/100-year-life"><span>100 Year Life</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature"><span>Remarkable photos of people in nature</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Andrew Dickson</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The most pioneering queen of pop" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::4"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Getty Images)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08hft60.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08hft60.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08hft60.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08hft60.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08hft60.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08hft60.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08hft60.jpg" alt="(Credit: Getty Images)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/music"><span>Music</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200712093934/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop"><span>The most pioneering queen of pop</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Nick Levine</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__collection-swimlane"></div><div class="around-the-bbc-swimlane"><div class="swimlane"><div class="swimlane-inner swimlane-inner--small"><div class="swimlane__content"><span class="swimlane__title b-reith-sans-font">Around the BBC</span><div class="swimlane__items"></div></div></div><div class="swimlane__background-image swimlane__background-image--atb" style="background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,0,0,0.50) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.50) 100%), url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200712093934im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p08bmlwb.jpg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover"></div></div></div></div></main></div></div> 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The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fentertainment-arts-19626787\"\u003Enews of Morricone’s death this week\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, aged 91, bears a particular emotional weight, so vast was his repertoire (around 500 scores), and so intimate its connection with countless listeners. In the 2019 book Ennio Morricone: In His Own Words, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbooks.google.co.uk\u002Fbooks?id=2veFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119&lpg=PT119&dq=the+best+film+music+should+reveal+something+which+cannot+be+seen+or+told+morricone&source=bl&ots=M53nvQCobc&sig=ACfU3U06LlEZwJZbNwj0wjsEHwFcDhaLFw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3tM7FnMDqAhWdSxUIHb63DP0Q6AEwBHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=the%20best%20film%20music%20should%20reveal%20something%20which%20cannot%20be%20seen%20or%20told%20morricone&f=false\"\u003Ehe said that\u003C\u002Fa\u003E “Most of the time, people experience the music in a film as a subconscious suggestion… In other words, music manages to show what is not visible, to work against the dialogue or, even more, tell a story that the images do not reveal”. What makes a truly great film soundtrack might be a perennial question – but Morricone left us with timeless responses, across a multitude of genres. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200408-from-withnail-and-i-to-el-topo-what-makes-a-cult-film\"\u003EWhat makes a cult classic?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200403-why-cinemas-will-bounce-back-from-the-coronavirus-crisis\"\u003EWhy cinemas will endure the crisis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20161031-what-makes-a-great-horror-movie-soundtrack\"\u003EThe most terrifying horror film scores\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBritish composer, dramatist and broadcaster Neil Brand has explored the technique and power of film soundtracks throughout much of his work, including the acclaimed BBC series \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fprogrammes\u002Fb03bm2fy\"\u003ESound Of Cinema: The Music That Made the Movies\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. It’s a theme that stems from Brand’s own childhood passion for movies: “I’d go to the cinema and see this massive technicolour thing with extraordinary music pouring out… When I got home, if the music was still ticking over in my mind, I’d sit at the piano and I’d be desperate to pick it out, find out how the chords worked,” he recalls. Great film music somehow retains its magic, even when its familiar melodies are laid bare.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k9sy4"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I do think we are all musical receptors, at a very deep level,” says Brand. “We have that in our ancient DNA, and because film music is working at a deeper level than language and intellectual thought, maybe it’s hitting us all at that level. In a funny way, talking about that means that you recognise it, but it doesn’t change its power.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is a universal relatability to a brilliant film score, even in fragments. Morricone is credited for (re)defining the sound of the Western (although his music obviously went much further than that); meanwhile, US composer John Williams summons otherworldly adventures, across the Star Wars and Superman sagas, ET and more. When Brand reminisces about leaving a busy cinema screening of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), I instantly think of Williams’s five-note UFO synth motif: “Every single one of us in the crowd looked up at the sky when we walked out,” said Brand. “Suddenly, we were in a world where that was possible. I wanted the real world to be like film… and music is the thing that will allow you to do that.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k9szn"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOur modern viewing habits (home streaming; mobile downloads) can’t quite replicate the immersive, communal quality of the classic cinema experience; classic film music also invariably gives rise to copycat scores, as Brand notes, laughing: “There was a time where it felt like every superhero movie started with a dark, brooding pan across a city, and a low note that just stayed there for ever.” Still, he adds, wildcard creativity has proved a potent highlight, across generations of film scores. “It was Morricone’s maverick-ness that made him stand out,” argues Brand. “There was no chance that any of the other golden age film composers would ever use a whistle, a handslap and a whipcrack in their music – and here it was, in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: part of an incredibly bananas take of what constituted a film score. Now if you go to the cinema and hear something really surprising, it’s such a breath of fresh air.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think Morricone is a really interesting mix [for] a popular populist composer. His first stuff in the early ‘60s was pop, very melodic, but with these bizarre but brilliant sounds in there. One of the things that informs that is the intellectually rigorous crowd that he hung out with, Il Gruppo: this group of Italian composers making avant-garde improvised jazz, using odd textures.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k9t1g"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMorricone is a prime example of how great film music can be sophisticated yet unpredictably playful. His varied themes feature countless irrepressible melodies, whether it’s the intensely poignant Once Upon a Time in the West (1968), the whimsical Fun is Beautiful (for Carlo Verdone’s 1980 comedy), or the unapologetically romantic 1971 piece Chi Mai (which later became a hit single in its own right). He never lost that pop sensibility, continuing to work throughout his career with chart artists from Mina and Zucchero to the Pet Shop Boys.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMorricone’s film scores also bring a profound resonance, along with catchy hooks. In \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fsounds\u002Fplay\u002Fb00f65l8\"\u003Ea 2008 interview recorded for BBC Radio 4\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, he told Christopher Frayling: “What I look for as a composer for cinema is the underlying story in a film; the story that cannot be told through images or through dialogue.” According to Brand, “Films like Once Upon a Time in the West and Once Upon a Time in America may have had a pragmatic, hard-nosed approach both to the characterisation and the plot, but Morricone’s music gave this incredible emotional depth. In A Fistful of Dollars (1964), Clint Eastwood only has about 25 lines, but the music that plays as he heads off towards his next gunfight puts him in the pantheon of great heroes of all time. You care about him; the music suggests that something has happened in his past that has scarred him so much, he has to go on this solo quest to bring justice to lawless places. Whereas in the plot, he’s doing it for money!”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k9t3m"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESome of the greatest film music has also been fuelled by a rapport between the composer and the filmmaker. Classic creative partnerships have included the likes of Bernard Hermann and Alfred Hitchcock (from Psycho, Vertigo and North By Northwest to the shrill electronic effect in The Birds); Nino Rota and Italian heavyweights Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti (Rota also wrote the legendary score for Francis Ford Coppola’s The Godfather); and Hindi film music icon RD Burman with director\u002Fproducer\u002Fwriter Nasir Hussain (not least on 1973’s influential Yaadon Ki Baaraat). A more recent collaboration that has stood out has been French electronic artist Para One’s gorgeous scores for Celine Sciamma (for her contemporary youth dramas and the 2019 period feature Portrait of a Lady on Fire).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k9t4t"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMorricone famously worked closely with the likes of Sergio Leone (who would often shoot or extend scenes, based on Morricone’s music) and Giuseppe Tornatore; his connection with Quentin Tarantino (on the Oscar-winning soundtrack for 2015’s The Hateful Eight) may have been more fractious, but Tarantino was undeniably a Morricone fanboy (citing him as his favourite-ever composer), and Morricone himself continued to blend his distinctive style with different approaches (“I tried to convey a sense of irony,” Morricone \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.independent.co.uk\u002Farts-entertainment\u002Fmusic\u002Fennio-morricone-exclusive-interview-with-the-worlds-greatest-film-composer-a6869631.html\"\u003Etold The Independent newspaper in 2016\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, about composing for The Hateful Eight. “I wanted to stress once more the fact that for me, this is not a Western movie.”).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"If you really want to ‘get’ what Hans Zimmer does, go see Kung Fu Panda – Neil Brand","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn her 2004 book Music In Film: Soundtracks And Synergy, cultural academic Pauline Reay explores how music has historically been used to promote film (all the way back to Camille Saint-Saëns’s original score for the 1908 French film L’Assassinat du duc de Guise, released separately as sheet music). Nowadays, we have access to a richer array of film soundtracks than ever, from digital libraries to lush vinyl reissues of classic scores (spanning Blaxploitation, anime, horror and beyond) – and as Brand points out, film music fans are multi-generational and increasingly savvy. He argues that contemporary family movies frequently feature the most exciting and adventurous scores. “If you really want to ‘get’ what Hans Zimmer does, go see Kung Fu Panda or Rango,” he argues. “There’s also John Powell’s magnificent scores for the How To Train Your Dragon films, and Randy Newman’s work on the Toy Story soundtracks; there is so much genuine delight and joy in the genre, and a massive surge of generosity that just reignited my love for it all.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGreat film music can reinvent icons (take Icelandic musician\u002Fcomposer Hildur Guðnadóttir’s extraordinary Oscar-winning score for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20191003-what-the-joker-says-about-the-world-he-terrorises\"\u003EJoker\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, 2019) and subvert genres (Nicholas Britell’s poignant and potent “chopped and screwed” symphonies for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20160915-film-review-moonlight-is-what-festivals-were-made-for\"\u003EMoonlight\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, 2016), yet it can also ‘belong’ to us through an emotional core. As kids, we often make our first musical discoveries through film (and Brand argues emphatically that this should be nurtured at school); we then carry these soundtracks through our lives. Morricone has been with me everywhere; as a child, thanks to my Dad’s obsession with Western films – and as an incredibly lucky adult, taking my Dad to see Morricone (then a sprightly octogenarian) conducting his own scores at London’s Royal Albert Hall. Morricone has been played at hard rock gigs I’ve seen (Metallica use The Ecstasy Of Gold as their intro music), and even at raves – around 6am one Sunday morning, when his theme to The Mission cascaded across a sweaty dancefloor like a mass epiphany. I’m not sure what Il Maestro himself would have made of that last scene, but he proved that the greatest film music is unconventional – and it really hits you where you least expect it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack-12"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-10T08:42:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"What makes the ultimate film soundtrack?","headlineShort":"What makes the ultimate soundtrack?","image":["p08k9t5t"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Ffilm-history"],"summaryLong":"After Italian composer Ennio Morricone’s death at the age of 91, Arwa Haider explores how a score can make us rethink a movie – and picks out some classics, including Kung Fu Panda.","summaryShort":"The music that can make us rethink a movie","tag":["tag\u002Fhollywood"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-09T23:30:35.85119Z","entity":"article","guid":"aa67c238-54b1-4651-85a7-66664ce14260","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-10T08:37:13.855425Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200709-what-makes-the-ultimate-film-soundtrack","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775097},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers","_id":"5f04feb89a34eaf8e20a10ad","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fsergio-colombo"],"bodyIntro":"Cremona has long been known for its fine stringed instruments. But now, after the Italian city became a virus hotspot, its craftsmen face tough times. Sergio Colombo reports.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn Pablo Farias’ workshop, the air smells of wood. Sitting at the workbench, Pablo is varnishing his latest violin. The brush caresses the glossy maple of the instrument, slowly sliding back and forth. Next to the window overlooking the historic centre of Cremona, two small blue armchairs are still packed in transparent plastic. “I’ve just moved into this workshop,” he says without looking away from the violin. “I was ready to open it in March, but then the pandemic broke out and the lockdown imposed by the government forced me to cancel my plans.” Pablo seems to smile bitterly under the face mask.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-       \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200601-the-picassos-of-modern-music\"\u003EThe Picassos of modern music\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-       \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-could-la-folia-be-historys-most-enduring-tune\"\u003EHistory’s most enduring tune\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-       \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190917-the-rise-of-palestinian-pop\"\u003EThe hardest place to be a pop star\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003Cbr \u002F\u003E Cremona, a city with 73,000 inhabitants, is situated on the southern border of the northern Italian region of Lombardy, which became the epicentre of the virus back in February, when it was the site of the first European outbreak. According to official data, Covid-19 has caused more than 1,000 deaths and 6,600 confirmed cases of infection in the province of Cremona (the city of Cremona and surrounding towns), and it is now putting a strain on its economy. In particular, it is threatening the violin making craftsmanship that has been the historical engine of Cremona’s industry and made its \u003Cem\u003Ebotteghe\u003C\u002Fem\u003E (Italian for ‘workshops’) famous throughout the world, turning the city into a microcosmic reflection of how the pandemic is jeopardizing the culture and arts sector globally.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k38d2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBowed string instruments have been handmade since the 16th Century in Cremona, which is also the hometown of Antonio Stradivari, perhaps the greatest violin maker in history. While the workshop where Stradivari used to craft his instruments was demolished in 1934, every corner of the city speaks of him. Schools, bed and breakfasts, sports centres, restaurants and cafes are named after this man, who, throughout his life, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbooks.google.it\u002Fbooks?id=qBHwdR4oIvQC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=stradivari+hills+960+violins&source=bl&ots=tNAUHZWjWY&sig=ACfU3U0GAFv5nZJAJ2sUO8SYjpx13--zDw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjr55_G6bDqAhXCTBUIHaoBC8UQ6AEwCXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=stradivari hills 960 violins&f=false\"\u003Eis estimated to have produced 960 violins\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Now though, his legacy is struggling to survive.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECremonese violin making is also on Unesco’s cultural heritage list, and the city’s craftsmen are internationally renowned for the unique process they use to create violins, violas, cellos and double basses, which sees them assemble more than 70 pieces of wood around an inner mould by hand, without using any industrial materials. The city’s unparalleled tradition has long been attracting violin makers – also known as luthiers – from all over the world to come and ply their trade there.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe epicentre of an industry\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EArgentinian-born Pablo Farias is among more than 160 luthiers – mostly graduated from the International School of Violin Making in Cremona – who currently live and work in the cobbled alleys of the city. In the shade of their workshops, they shape raw boards of maple and spruce into musical instruments worth thousands of euros. “Prices vary depending on the name of the luthier and the market they are sold on,” says Stefano Trabucchi, who opened his workshop in 1992. “The average is about 10,000 euros (£9,150),” he explains, pointing to a row of violins hanging from a steel cable that runs across the workshop, “but some go as high as 20,000 euros (£18,300).”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"An order being cancelled basically means working two or three months without being paid – Pablo Farias","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAccording to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwits.worldbank.org\u002Ftrade\u002Fcomtrade\u002Fen\u002Fcountry\u002FALL\u002Fyear\u002F2018\u002Ftradeflow\u002FExports\u002Fpartner\u002FWLD\u002Fproduct\u002F920210\"\u003Ethe latest World Bank data\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Italy’s annual export of bowed string instruments is worth $6.6m (£5.4m), mainly to Japan (£2.2m), the United States (£709,600), Hong Kong (£645,000) and China (£286,800). Cremona alone contributes about 80%, or more than £5m a year, to this total. Cremonese violin makers rely on orders from two categories of customers: private individuals and dealers, who usually resell them in their shops at twice the price to conservatories and musicians all over the world. A violin crafted in Cremona can either be a ‘Stradivarius’, inspired by the design of Stradivari, or a ‘Guarneri del Gesù’, based on the model of the 18th-Century luthier – and rival to Stradivari – Giuseppe Guarneri. “To the untrained eye, these two models look similar,” Trabucchi says, “but they have slightly different shapes.” In both cases, the process of creating the instrument takes at least six weeks. As a result, most individual craftsmen usually make no more than 10 violins in a year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k3876"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPatrick Orippi, a 50-year-old luthier with a background as a cabinetmaker and carver, works alone in his small workshop on the gates of the old town. Filtering through the window, a beam of light reflects on the chisels lying on the workbench. “Normally, I make six or seven instruments a year. I shipped the last violin in January, so yes, my business has been suffering since the lockdown,” says Orippi, turning an empty cardboard box in his hands. Since the lockdown forced non-essential shops to close, many dealers have frozen or even cancelled their orders. “The Coronavirus forced me to put on hold the orders I had,” says Orippi. And if an order is not completed, the luthier is not paid for the violin he has made. Like Orippi, Farias has no employees. “I usually work at an instrument between two and three months,” he says. “[An order being cancelled] basically means working two or three months without being paid.” During the lockdown, luthiers weren’t even allowed to visit their botteghe and work behind closed shutters: “I saw this as an injustice,” Farias says. “Rules are rules, I know, but this one didn’t really make sense.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELife after lockdown\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOutside Orippi’s workshop, in late June, the street is muted. Nearly two months since the lockdown in the region was eased, and there are still no tourists roaming the narrow lanes of the old town. The steps of a child echo through its stony walls. “During the lockdown, the atmosphere was almost unbearable,” Farias says. “All I could hear were the sirens of the ambulances, over and over. Reassuring my brother and friends in Argentina over the phone was not an easy task. They were worried.” Being forced to stay at home with his girlfriend, Farias stopped making violins and started making bread: “Just like a real Italian,” he says smiling just for a moment. “It was a tough time for Cremona.” “I have friends and colleagues who got infected, and luckily recovered,” says Trabucchi, who left Cremona with his family before lockdown and stayed in his house in the mountains for the duration. “When I came back, the air was filled with sadness, the city was deserted. Even now it’s struggling to get back on its feet.” And so are its violin makers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"A violin lasts over 200 years, sometimes longer, [so] market saturation is reached very quickly – Giorgio Grisales","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECremonese luthiers are trying to find their feet again in an industry that was already under pressure before the Coronavirus outbreak. “Working as a luthier in this city is a unique experience,” says Trabucchi. “You have the opportunity to exchange ideas with outstanding colleagues, and the competition forces you to improve day after day, but the market is now saturated.” At the dawn of the 1990s, when Trabucchi made his first steps in Cremonese lutherie, there were about 60 violin makers in the city. Now they are almost three times as many. “A violin lasts over 200 years, sometimes longer, [so] market saturation is reached very quickly,” says Giorgio Grisales, Colombian-born luthier and president of the city’s ‘Antonio Stradivari’ Consortium of violin makers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, the Cremonese industry has to deal with growing competition from outside the city walls. Due to the saturation of the market, many foreign luthiers who graduate in Cremona decide to return to their countries, bringing their expertise with them. Consequently, the art of violin making is sprouting beyond historical centres of excellence such as Cremona, Mirecourt in France, and Mittenwald, Germany. In China, more and more luthiers are following in the footsteps of Gao Tong Tong, a former student and apprentice in Cremona who returned to Beijing to open his own workshop. “Gao Tong Tong is a fine violin maker,” Trabucchi says. “However, in China there are also factories where every year thousands of violins are handmade using semi-industrial materials, and sold at low prices.” This kind of high-volume production has especially harmed the Cremonese industry. “Those instruments all look alike. They have the same shape and the same varnish: there’s no uniqueness. Here we make something else,” Trabucchi says with a touch of pride in his voice.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k384k"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAs we speak, he takes a Stradivariuswaiting to be shipped to Malaysia, and caressingly passes his slender hand across the back of the instrument made by Mario, his only employee.“It was never an easy market to enter, but it used to work. Now, the Coronavirus-induced crisis is set to change this business as we knew it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003EA blow for classical music\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fentertainment-arts-52440108\"\u003EThe classical music industry has been among the hardest-hit\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by Covid-19. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fentertainment-arts-52795691\"\u003EAcross the world, orchestras are being financially crippled\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, as they are forced to cancel concerts, and, in some cases, lay off their musicians due to the sudden drop in revenues. “Musicians are our end-users, and at the moment they are in deep water,” says Simeone Morassi, owner of one of the oldest workshops in the city and vice-president of the Associazione Liutai Italiani (Association of Italian Luthiers). “Over the past few years I sold four of my instruments to the musicians of the NHK Symphony Orchestra, a major orchestra in Japan: today it is struggling, it’s losing millions of yen.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother Japanese orchestra, the Tokyo-based TSO, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fculture\u002F2020\u002F04\u002F10\u002Fmusic\u002Forchestrating-covid-19-stopgap-classical-concerts\u002F#.XuycH5ozbIU\"\u003Elost about 50 million yen\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (£378,000) between the end of February and the beginning of April due to coronavirus-related cancellations. While in the US, another crucial market for Cremonese violin makers, “many musical instrument shops have been forced to shut down in recent weeks,” adds Trabucchi. The financial strains of musicians and dealers are resulting in stagnation in the instrument industry, affecting violin makers as well as other major players in the market. “Musical-instrument string makers are also in trouble,” says Morassi. “A musician usually replaces strings after 30 to 90 days, but now everything is on hold, and the Austrian and German giants who make these strings are suffering. It’s an extremely delicate situation.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELuthiers were further affected by the cancellation of two of the most important international trade fairs in the first half of 2020, in Frankfurt and Beijing. During these fairs, violin makers from all over the world usually jostle to carve out their own niche, strengthening existing relationships with some dealers and trying to create new ones. “The cancellation of such events is an issue for us,” says Grisales. “In October there will be another important fair in Shanghai, which should be confirmed.” However, Grisales fears that people arriving from Italy may be subject to more stringent quarantine measures than people from countries that had lower infection rates: “If this happened, we Cremonese violin makers, unlike our competitors, would not be able to attend the fair.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k385x"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAccording to Grisales, the effects of this crisis on Cremonese violin making will be dramatic. “In the Consortium, which includes around 60 of the 160 luthiers in the city, one workshop out of two is struggling,” he says. Some already had difficulties in standing out from competition and placing orders before the pandemic. The Coronavirus-induced economic crisis further exacerbated their troubles. “I know luthiers who have not sold instruments since November,” Grisales says. “We’re talking about people who have children and a rent to pay, and can’t make the ends meet. Two craftsmen of the Consortium have not yet received the 600 euros (£550) that the government promised to the freelancers, and they had to borrow this money.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGrisales looks to his left, towards the back of the shop, where his three young craftsmen are shaping, carving and varnishing precious pieces of wood. “I am in a privileged situation, all in all, I’m keeping afloat, and so do other colleagues. But try to think of a smaller workshop where there is a single craftsman, who was forced to stop his activities for three months.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this context, if the demand for violins drops – as it’s set to do due to the ongoing crisis – in Cremona there may not be room for everyone. “The Coronavirus will be a watershed for us,” says Trabucchi. Sitting on a stool, his craftsman Mario continues to work, impassive at the \u003Cem\u003EMaestro\u003C\u002Fem\u003E’s words. “The market seemed to have infinite potential,” Trabucchi says, “but it will no longer expand. Here in the city, dozens of workshops may have to shut down.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, those who want to open their own workshop will have to wait, at least for now. “There couldn’t be a worse time to start,” says Trabucchi. Behind him, Mario is adjusting the strings of a violin. He gazes at his \u003Cem\u003EMaestro\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, as if he were asking tacit permission to speak. “I’m 37, I've been working here for 16 years and I’ve always enjoyed being part of this,” says Mario, putting the instrument down for a moment. “Of course, I dream of starting my own business. But then you have to face the reality. At the moment opening a workshop is simply unthinkable, and in the future the risks will be very high as well.” Mario looks back at the violin, gently turning the instrument in his hands. One day it will play, but not today. Today, there’s no music playing in the alleys of Cremona.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers-12"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Fmusic"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The dark future for the world’s greatest violin-makers","headlineShort":"Dark days for Italy’s violin-makers","image":["p08k3842"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Cremona has long been known for its fine stringed instruments. But now, after the Italian city became a virus hotspot, its craftsmen face tough times. Sergio Colombo reports.","summaryShort":"How craftsmen in the hometown of the Stradivarius are hurting from the pandemic","tag":["tag\u002Fclassical-music"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-07T23:00:50.520889Z","entity":"article","guid":"ff192894-ef19-4ffc-932c-0a6f47b69e9e","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-07T23:00:51.438518Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200707-the-dark-future-for-the-worlds-greatest-violin-makers","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775097},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now","_id":"5f02ffcd9a34eaf8e26f16ad","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fcameron-laux"],"bodyIntro":"Cameron Laux picks out books that can help us focus our attention – and glimpse the sublime – including a quarantine reading list from Zadie Smith.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThere are many skeletons in our literary closets. Novels like Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace or Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick often put people off because of their length, and may linger on our reading lists for years, or decades. Others, like Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time or James Joyce’s Ulysses, have become a byword for daunting, modernist, experimental writing that is unintelligible without resorting to scholarly notes – pushing the novel form to its limit. Especially these days, who is going to question your desire to sit and binge on crime thrillers, if that’s what you want? And yet, what if we treat the current crisis as an opportunity to put aside our aversion to ‘the challenging read’? Is now the time for us to pay some attention to other things, including attention itself?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200327-the-best-books-of-2020-so-far\"\u003EThe best books of the year so far\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200622-a-13th-century-persian-poets-lessons-for-today\"\u003EA 13th-Century poet’s lessons for today\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-the-best-short-stories-for-every-taste-and-mood\"\u003EShort stories for every taste and mood\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn her 2014 book Dept. of Speculation, Jenny Offill recounts an anecdote: “The Zen master Ikkyu was once asked to write a distillation of the highest wisdom. He wrote only one word: Attention. The visitor was displeased. ‘Is that all?’ So Ikkyu obliged him. Two words now: Attention. Attention.” Offill writes magnificent, terse, oracular books which enact the idea that worlds can be opened up by paying close heed to things. I propose that we consider the possibility of recalibrating our minds and focusing on demanding writers. Two key thinkers on this subject are Jenny Odell – whose revolutionary book How To Do Nothing encourages us to wake up to, and resist, all the petty 21st-Century demands on our attention – and Zadie Smith, who is a wonderful novelist, but also a patient and intelligent critic (she has even managed to write a collection of essays during lockdown, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.penguin.co.uk\u002Fbooks\u002F321\u002F321775\u002Fintimations\u002F9780241492383.html\"\u003Edue to be published on 28 July\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). Odell encourages us to make space in which to think. Smith encourages us to use it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js9dr"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EOdell urges us to approach with strong scepticism the ‘attention economy’ that is manifested in our smartphones and is designed to attack the very ideas of contemplation and of personal space. Smith is an indefatigable contemplater. Her range of reference is huge, and she inspires me to broaden my own. For example, she turned my view of the famously daunting writer David Foster Wallace on its head. Not long after the US author killed himself in 2008, Smith wrote The Difficult Gifts of David Foster Wallace (which is in her collection \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com\u002Fbooks\u002F294823\u002Fchanging-my-mind-by-zadie-smith\u002F\"\u003EChanging My Mind\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). It helps us to reassess DFW, often regarded as an obscure, uncompromising, avant-garde geek who wrote impenetrable tracts. Smith says, “To appreciate Wallace you need to really read him – and then you need to reread him. For this reason – among many others – he was my favourite living writer.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js6xm"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ESmith is captivated by the short stories in DFW’s Brief Interviews with Hideous Men (1999). I never ‘got’ DFW until I started reading The Pale King (2011), the book he was working on when he died, and which was published posthumously. Then I had an epiphany. This is a book about the heroism of late capitalist boredom, an exquisite appreciation of dullness. It is set in, and steeped in the culture of, an Internal Revenue Service centre. The structure of the book is polyphonic and fragmentary: I suggest you try chapter 19, in which people trapped on an elevator have a civics discussion, or the formally mind-blowing chapter 25, in which nothing happens but the turning of pages, and yet there are ghosts, and everything happens. At this moment I can’t think of a better example than The Pale King of what the contemporary novel can do when it throws caution to the wind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ESmith’s 2008 essay \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nybooks.com\u002Farticles\u002F2008\u002F11\u002F20\u002Ftwo-paths-for-the-novel\u002F\"\u003ETwo Paths for the Novel\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (reproduced in her collection of essays Changing My Mind) dented my view of realism in fiction. In it, Smith suggested that a certain predictable “lyrical realism” had become the acceptable face of contemporary fiction (she takes Joseph O’Neill’s Netherland, 2008, as an example) at the expense of a more stringent metafictional tradition (eg Virginia Woolf, Joyce, and Samuel Beckett), which poses difficult questions about reality and human psychology, and the ability of words to describe them (she uses Tom McCarthy’s Remainder, 2005, as an example).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js72k"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ESmith says that lyrical, realist novels offer “the nostalgic pleasure of returning to a narrative time when symbols and mottoes were full of meaning and novels weren’t neurotic, but could aim themselves simply and purely at transcendent feeling”. In other words, the author projects themselves poetically, the more poetically the better, on to their subject, and mistakes the procedure for meaning. In O’Neill’s book, which is set in post-9\u002F11 New York, the destruction of the Twin Towers portends the collapse of a marriage, among other things. Books like this don’t always require our full attention. Of course there is also much to be said for permitting your mind to surf on a book, as there is for letting your mind move over any art form and pick up sparks from it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERethinking ‘reality’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThe approach of a McCarthy novel, in contrast, is more dicey. A writer and artist, steeped in 20th-Century French thought, he issues ironic, artistic edicts, such as calling for “all cults of authenticity to be abandoned”. (Don’t worry, McCarthy has a sense of humour.) Book reviews have called him \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.telegraph.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Fbooks\u002F11479806\u002FTom-McCarthy-a-Kafka-for-the-Google-age.html\"\u003Ea latter-day Franz Kafka\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2012\u002F02\u002F26\u002Fbooks\u002Freview\u002Fmen-in-space-tom-mccarthys-complex-novel.html\"\u003Ea new Thomas Pynchon\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. I always think: okay, but what was wrong with the old ones?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn Two Paths, Smith says that McCarthy’s project is “to rid the self of its sacredness” – a campaign that so far extends over four novels. She calls Remainder “one of the great English novels of the past ten years”. It is written with a sparse elegance that makes few traditional concessions to the reader. The book’s main character, who isn’t named, suffers a blow to the head in an unspecified accident, and after seeing a crack in the plaster of a bathroom wall, begins to obsess about whether reality is real. He uses his large insurance settlement in increasingly elaborate attempts to stage an authentic reality. We never have a sense of who he is because he doesn’t know who he is, and never finds out.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn a 2014 article called \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lrb.co.uk\u002Fthe-paper\u002Fv36\u002Fn24\u002Ftom-mccarthy\u002Fwriting-machines\"\u003EWriting Machines: On Realism and the Real\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, McCarthy protests that “Time and again we hear about a new desire for the real, about a realism which is realistic set against an avant-garde which isn’t”. He goes on to argue that a writer (artist, etc) can never know the real; that what they imagine to be the real is always inauthentic; and that the real can only assert itself as “rupture” of our expectations. It is in the nature of art to crack and fragment; acknowledging the unreliability of our perception might be a good thing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08jsc3g"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EBoth Smith and McCarthy are drawn to JG Ballard’s novel Crash (1973), an intriguingly warped book about the intersection of sex, death, technology, psychology and loss of meaning, that provoked the establishment of the time to froth at the mouth about pornography. It is now seen as a classic. In her \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2014\u002Fjul\u002F04\u002Fzadie-smith-jg-ballard-crash\"\u003Eintroduction to the 2009 re-issue\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Smith talks about how radically the book reverses the relationship between man and technology: instead of the former using the latter, the latter uses and defines (and empties) the former. For all that, Crash is an oddly humane book. It is definitely not comfort reading.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EAnd its characters are a puzzle; we can’t ever entirely know them. This is a characteristic of what are loosely called the postmodern novelists (in the sense that postmodern means being self-conscious about the business of being an author). Some people find this lack of narrative bearings frustrating, but I find it inspiring. I am happy to get lost in these books and work for my glimpses of the sublime. If you’re patient, they always deliver. Vladimir Nabokov is one of the fathers of playful, humane metafiction. Everyone talks about Lolita, but in many ways he is at his best in Pnin – which Smith also cites as one of her favourite books. The gradual sketching in of the main character, Timofey Pnin, is a confusing delight.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"There will be no surfing on Pynchon. Either you control your breathing and give his sentences your full attention, or you put the book down","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EHarold Bloom, one of the greatest of literary critics, who died last year, talks about a canon of the “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.avclub.com\u002Fharold-bloom-on-blood-meridian-1798216782\"\u003EAmerican sublime\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” that encompasses the great postmodern writers: Cormac McCarthy, Don DeLillo, Thomas Pynchon, Philip Roth. Bloom especially settles on Pynchon, grand master of the glorious, writerly tailspin, the first author sleepy readers say they want to avoid. There will be no surfing on Pynchon. Either you control your breathing and give his sentences your full attention, or you put the book down, pick up some genre fiction (my poison is epic fantasy at the moment), and come back to him another day. Bloom loved all of Pynchon, but he singled out the novella The Crying of Lot 49 as an important artefact, and that may be the best place to start.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EOf course, there are those who disagree. In a now-famous \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnewrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002F61361\u002Fhuman-inhuman\"\u003Eessay\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the high-profile critic James Wood sets out to damn the likes of Pynchon, DeLillo, DFW, and Salman Rushdie. He implies these writers, with their vertiginous lack of artistic boundaries, are dysfunctional and need to seek treatment. (This move: I’m not crazy, you’re the one who’s crazy!) He says: “An excess of storytelling has become the contemporary way of shrouding, in majesty, a lack; it is the Sun King principle. That lack is the human.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EA second version of Wood’s essay, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2001\u002Foct\u002F06\u002Ffiction\"\u003Epublished in The Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, blames DeLillo for everything: “Lately, any young American writer of any ambition has been imitating DeLillo”; his technical virtuosity in extremis, his fiddling while Rome burns. The Rome in question is the US after 9\u002F11. Yet no writer has anatomised the US since World War Two more convincingly and devastatingly than DeLillo: its paranoia, violence, egotism, consumerism.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js762"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EOne way into DeLillo’s work is via his 1997 magnum opus, Underworld: parts of it previously appeared as short stories. Instead of trying to swallow the whole thing, like a snake eating a buffalo, it is possible to sample the book instead. The Prologue, about baseball, is one of the great bravura performances of modern prose. But Part One, Long Tall Sally, is more accessible, and more likely to pull you in. The sustained pitch of his imagination, of poetry, throughout the book is just astonishing. In \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimgur.com\u002Fa\u002F887Qn\"\u003Ea love letter to DeLillo about Underworld\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, DFW wrote that it was a book “in which absolutely nothing is skimped or shirked or tossed off or played for the easy laugh, and where… you’ve taken some truly ballsy personal risks and exposed parts of yourself and hit a level of emotion you’ve never even tried for elsewhere” (his praise for the novel continued for two pages).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EOne of the best recent examples of this kind of risk-taking is in a novel that Smith herself wrote. In 2012 she published NW, perhaps the most experimental of her books so far and, it could be argued, one of the defining novels of its time. NW is also polyphonic – it shifts through multiple points of view in multiple authorial styles. The book is a collaboration between Charles Dickens and Woolf, with Smith providing a marvelous ear for dialogue. It is a complicated combination of serious and funny, what Smith calls “laughter in the dark”, quoting Nabokov. (She talks about her reference points in a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2001\u002Foct\u002F13\u002Ffiction.afghanistan\"\u003Erejoinder to Wood\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that comes from the heart.) NW gently unfolds a partial picture of the lives of its characters. The effect is devastating. It is a ‘challenging read’, a subtle and beautiful book, that is worth picking up – even if it demands your full attention.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js907"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThis is increasingly a stumbling block for many of these more demanding books. In the digital era, fragmentation has become a way of life. The attention economy, aided by our smartphones, is geared to destroy mental focus. There are ways we can opt out, of course. Odell warns of the “context collapse” fostered by social media, and enjoins us to turn away and open up “contemplative space”. She quotes the composer John Cage: “If something is boring after two minutes, try it for four. If still boring, then eight. Then sixteen. Then thirty-two. Eventually one discovers that it is not boring at all.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFinding a focus\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EOdell’s How to Do Nothing is a great, radical book. Who would have thought that sitting in a rose garden and listening to the birds, as Odell talks about doing, could become such a political act? One of Cage’s most famous pieces, 4’33”, consists of a pianist playing nothing: it dares the audience to sit still and listen to the texture of collective life: coughing, farting, snoring, fidgeting, whatever. Phones going off. Odell says: “Unless we are vigilant, the current design of much of our technology will block us every step of the way, deliberately creating false targets for self-reflection, curiosity, and a desire to belong to a community.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"As with many of the experimentalists, parts of 2066 seem designed to test and break one’s patience, and yet the reward for opening your mind is a glimpse of some kind of sublime","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EBeing aware of the quality of one’s attention, and regaining control of it, are good first steps in approaching challenging fiction. It is also a good idea not to bite off more than you can chew. One reader got through Roberto Bolaño’s hefty masterpiece 2666 by reading a few pages a day over the course of months. As with many of the experimentalists, parts of that book seem designed to test and break one’s patience, and yet the reward for opening your mind is a glimpse of some kind of sublime.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EI asked Smith for her retrospective thoughts on Two Paths. She said “I wish I hadn’t used Joseph [O’Neill] as a straw man”. She called the essay “a provocation which, like provocations, has its limitations and excitements”. She also said this: “I don’t think in those terms any more. Even as you list the supposed forms of the ‘avant-garde’, the excitement drains out of me and I’m left only with ‘genres’, fixed modes etc. There is no fixed mode for unusual or interesting writing – perhaps the very definition of fresh writing is that it is \u003Cem\u003Esui generis \u003C\u002Fem\u003E[one of a kind]. With that in mind, so far in quarantine I’ve found these books very interestingly shaped: Humiliation by Paulina Flores, Stick out your Tongue by Ma Jian, Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid, New Waves by Kevin Nguyen, Endgame by Beckett, most of the stories in the anthologies Sudden Fiction and Sudden Fiction International, Catholics by Brian Moore, The Collected Grace Paley, the stories of Tillie Olsen, and Ma’am Darling: 99 Glimpses of Princess Margaret by Craig Brown. I am aware that… many of [these people] would not think of themselves as ‘experimental’. But in the structure of all of them, there’s something curiously shaped and unexpected and, to me, beautiful.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove books? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F480377125711614\u002F\"\u003EBBC Culture Book Club \u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Eon Facebook, a community for literature fanatics all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now-16"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-06T09:20:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The challenging books we need right now","headlineShort":"The challenging reads we need right now","image":["p08js9ft"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbooks"],"summaryLong":"Cameron Laux picks out books that can help us focus our attention – and glimpse the sublime – including a quarantine reading list from Zadie Smith.","summaryShort":"The books that can help us focus our attention","tag":["tag\u002Fbooks"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-05T23:00:43.069393Z","entity":"article","guid":"03c46d83-5e43-40a3-9b1e-73c86cce2a71","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-06T10:41:00.042993Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200703-the-challenging-books-we-need-right-now","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775098},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-palm-springs-review-groundhog-day-meets-bridesmaids":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-palm-springs-review-groundhog-day-meets-bridesmaids","_id":"5f03b4399a34eaf8e2082eda","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fcaryn-james"],"bodyIntro":"Palm Springs is an irreverent rom-com with sharp performances – but a lack of originality, writes Caryn James.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWeddings – fraught with family secrets, clandestine hookups and unruly guests – offer an almost foolproof setting for comedies as different as Four Weddings and a Funeral and Bridesmaids. Time loops have become almost as reliable for romantic comedies, with Groundhog Day inspiring variations like Fifty First Dates. Palm Springs mashes up the two by setting its time-loop romance at a wedding, creating a genial film with a mildly irreverent spin on both its genres. What the film lacks in originality, it offsets with sharp performances from Andy Samberg as an out-of-place wedding guest and Cristin Milioti as the bride’s sister, who would rather be anywhere else.    \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESamberg plays Nyles, who goes to a destination wedding at a Palm Springs resort with his girlfriend. He shows up at the formal ceremony in a red Hawaiian shirt and yellow shorts, the first sign that something is askew. Samberg smoothly plays a version of the character he has honed so well as Detective Jake Peralta on his television series, Brooklyn 99. He seems like a goofball, but is smarter than people think and decent to his core.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMilioti is Sarah, the dejected maid of honour, who tells Nyles she is the family screw-up because she drinks too much and sleeps with too many men. Milioti makes Sarah a prickly character, but likable, and more complicated when the film reveals her biggest regret.    \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe pair meet after Sarah is too paralysed by wine to give the wedding toast, and Nyles steps in to save her with a perfect, eloquent speech. In an antic scene that sets off the plot, they are about to have sex in the desert, which only happens after he spots his girlfriend cheating with another man in the bathroom. They are interrupted by a man shooting arrows (JK Simmons in a small but crucial role). Sarah wanders into a cave and wakes alone in her bed the next morning, which is the very same day as the one before. Nyles has repeated that day countless times already. “It’s one of those infinite time loop situations you might have heard about,”  he tells Sarah, who gives him a death stare.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe wedding is less important than the story’s loopy elements. There are a few funny glimpses of how Nyles and Sarah spend their time, with some scenes loaded into a familiar rom-com montage. They steal a two-seater plane, which they fly and crash. They won’t die. They’ll just wake up in the usual place the next morning. They put a bomb inside the wedding cake so Nyles can heroically find and destroy it. Don’t ask where they got a bomb. The film doesn’t pretend to be interested in explanations, a choice that suits its easy-going tone just fine.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-palm-springs-review-groundhog-day-meets-bridesmaids-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Their time-warp becomes a metaphor for any long-term relationship","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-palm-springs-review-groundhog-day-meets-bridesmaids-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe story becomes more intriguing as the predictable romantic question of will-they-or-won’t-they kicks in, with a twist. Sarah is desperate to find a way out of the loop, even if it means she has to becomes an expert in physics. Why not? She has time. Nyles is content to stay inside their comfortable bubble. Their time-warp becomes a metaphor for any long-term relationship. How long can you see the same person day after day after day after day without wanting to bolt? If that tantalising idea had taken root earlier and been developed more, it might have made the film fresher and given it a bit of substance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEverything here, from the comedy to the romance, is knowingly done with nods to genre conventions. The obligatory climactic rom-com scene in which one person runs frantically after the other – typically in the rain – happens in the desert here, but the tongue-in-cheek use of the trope is clear. Being aware of sources isn’t the same as reinventing them, though.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe off-screen story of how the distributor Neon bought Palm Springs out of the Sundance Film Festival for a record-breaking price says a lot. The price was exactly 69 cents over the old record of $17.5 million. That continues a pattern of buyers paying huge amounts for Sundance films that often don’t come close to making the money back, an issue that is moot now that the film will premiere on Hulu because of the pandemic. More to the point, the joke of setting the new record by pennies is, like the film itself, enough for a fleeting laugh, and not as clever as it might have been.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPalm Springs premieres on 10 July on Hulu in the US.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E★★★☆☆\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-palm-springs-review-groundhog-day-meets-bridesmaids-2"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-07T00:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Palm Springs review: Groundhog Day meets Bridesmaids","headlineShort":"Groundhog Day meets Bridesmaids","image":["p08k03jt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fhollywood"],"summaryLong":"Palm Springs is an irreverent rom-com with sharp performances – but a lack of originality, writes Caryn James.","summaryShort":"An irreverent rom-com with sharp performances","tag":["tag\u002Fhollywood"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-06T23:30:48.168437Z","entity":"article","guid":"0d6f9efb-0aad-45ec-a01a-7ea9ba5d66b7","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-palm-springs-review-groundhog-day-meets-bridesmaids","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-06T23:30:48.168437Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200706-palm-springs-review-groundhog-day-meets-bridesmaids","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775098},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far","_id":"5efeee3b9a34eaf8e2485575","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fnicholas-barber-and-caryn-james"],"bodyIntro":"BBC Culture’s film critics Nicholas Barber and Caryn James pick 10 of this year’s highlights, including Da 5 Bloods, The Hunt and a blood-soaked Brazilian homage to Westerns.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08ggwn7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDa 5 Bloods\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESpike Lee’s latest is a passionate, kinetic, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200609-five-stars-for-spike-lees-da-5-bloods-his-best-film-yet\"\u003Ethoroughly involving epic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, combining intense drama with flashes of wit. As four black American veterans return to Vietnam to recover the body of their lost friend, as well as a cache of gold, Lee takes a long, historical view of the US and its racism. The friends are complicated individuals created with great immediacy – Oscar buzz has deservedly started for Delroy Lindo, whose character is tortured by the past and by post-traumatic stress disorder. Da 5 Bloods is one of Spike Lee’s best, which is saying a lot. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07mmv3f"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Personal History of David Copperfield\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of cinema’s worst ever injustices is that The Personal History of David Copperfield was snubbed at this February’s Baftas. Even by the standards of its writer-director, Armando Iannucci, this joyous and endlessly inventive film is a glittering achievement that raises the bar for Charles Dickens adaptations. The clever part is that it’s a loving celebration of the author’s prose, but it is also wonderfully cinematic in its use of vibrant colours, split screens, captions, voiceovers and fantasy sequences. And while Iannucci roots it firmly in the poverty and class system of Victorian England, it’s also bracingly modern, not least in its \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200116-is-it-time-the-all-white-period-drama-was-made-extinct\"\u003Emulticultural casting\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (Dev Patel is terrific in the lead role). \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190906-the-personal-history-of-david-copperfield-four-stars\"\u003EBBC Culture’s review called it\u003C\u002Fa\u003E “a warm and lively David Copperfield for today”. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08jngxv"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENever Rarely Sometimes Always\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis quietly profound drama follows 17-year-old Autumn (Sidney Flanigan), pregnant in a small town in Pennsylvania where abortion is restricted, as she and her cousin secretly take a bus to nearby New York City to terminate the pregnancy. Far from a message movie, writer and director Eliza Hittman’s film is an eloquent, intimate story about choices, secrets, and the sad, desperate decisions young women sometimes make to save their own futures. The camera silently captures the heartbreak on Autumn’s face, as well as the dreary texture of her town and the bright, overwhelming reality of New York. The film is wrenching in its honesty yet exhilarating in its empathy. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08671tt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Hunt\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Hunt was controversial before anyone had seen it. A comedy thriller about a gang of privileged liberals (including Hilary Swank) who kidnap some right-wing ‘deplorables’ (including Betty Gilpin) and then pick them off for sport, its release was postponed last year after two mass shootings in America, and it was condemned by US president Donald Trump on Twitter. But when it finally came out this spring, just before cinemas shut down, Craig Zobel and Damon Lindelof’s film turned out to be an exhilarating rollercoaster ride that kept you guessing as to who was on whose side and who was about to be killed. Caryn James praised it \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200310-the-hunt-review-donald-trump-got-this-sly-satire-all-wrong\"\u003Ein her BBC Culture review\u003C\u002Fa\u003E as “a smart satire” and “a sly, acerbic, fun-to-watch send-up of the political divide in America”. So far, none of 2020’s releases has been better at eliciting whoops and winces from its audience. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p079nv1k"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBacurau\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of the strangest, most inventive films of the year is this sly Brazilian gem, set in a poor, isolated village called Bacurau. The tight-knit community, including Sônia Braga as its often-drunk doctor, is oppressed by a corrupt politician, and confused about why Bacurau has suddenly disappeared from any map, printed or online. When the village is invaded by mercenaries, the film morphs into a blood-soaked homage to Westerns. You can analyse the movie’s subtext about Brazilian politics or just enjoy its engaging, genre-bending audacity. Directors Kleber Mendonça Filho and Juliano Dornelles have created a dazzling piece of filmmaking, which shared the Jury Prize at Cannes last year. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08jngp3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Assistant\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKitty Green’s astute, tightly controlled drama is set in the drab New York offices of a predatory film mogul; no prizes for guessing who the unnamed and unseen mogul is meant to be. Structured as a day in the life, The Assistant stars Julia Garner as the lowly new employee who toils from before dawn until after dusk, answering phones, printing out scripts, unpacking bottles of water, and tidying away all the evidence of her boss’s liaisons: imagine a more authentic, low-key companion piece to The Devil Wears Prada. The Weinstein-alike CEO may be the villain of the piece, but the film looks beyond one man to focus on a wider corporate culture of sexism, condescension, and quiet complicity. There are no big speeches or explosive confrontations, but there is tension throughout as we wait for the titular assistant to rebel against her boss... or accept that she is going to keep working for him, come what may. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p081srxk"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEmma\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDid the world \u003Cem\u003Eneed\u003C\u002Fem\u003E one more Jane Austen adaptation? Not really, but this enchanting, colourful version is a very welcome addition. Director Autumn de Wilde doesn’t reinvent the period genre; she leans into its comforting, old-fashioned appeal. As Emma, Anya Taylor-Joy captures the heart and warmth beneath Austen’s bossy, match-making heroine. Johnny Flynn is irresistible as her gruffly charming, improbable love, Mr Knightley (younger than the novel has him). And Bill Nighy gloriously steals every scene as Emma’s comically overprotective father. De Wilde puts her career as a photographer to good use in this beautifully shot romance. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08jnh5q"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Vast of Night\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAre aliens watching us? Were they hovering in the skies above 1950s New Mexico? This small-town sci-fi mystery asks those familiar Twilight Zone-ish questions, but it answers them with so much verve and originality that they seem brand new. Set over the course of one evening, The Vast Of Night follows a local radio DJ (Jake Horowitz) and a telephone operator (Sierra McCormick) as they investigate the eerie noises that are being broadcast from somewhere nearby. The film includes some sharp commentary on the marginalising of certain social groups, but it’s the sheer technical bravura that makes Andrew Patterson’s debut such a treat. As the camera roves all over town in long, unbroken takes, and the likeable stars rattle through pages of funny and idiosyncratic dialogue, you know you’re seeing the emergence of a hugely exciting new talent. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08jnhfx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Painter and the Thief \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis odd, compelling documentary begins when Barbora Kysilkova, a struggling Czech artist in Oslo, has two paintings stolen from a gallery. After the thief, Karl Bertil-Nordland, is arrested, Barbora seeks him out and asks to paint his portrait. She is appropriating his image just as he stole her art, but that is only the beginning of a real, sometimes spiky friendship, as the story expands to include Barbora’s relationship with her boyfriend and Karl’s drug addiction. Director Benjamin Ree followed his subjects for years to create this richly-layered, moving chronicle of inspiration, guilt and reinvention. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p081ssfy"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETrue History of The Kelly Gang\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustin Kurzel’s biopic of Ned Kelly, the notorious 19th-Century bushranger, is light years away from the average period drama. Adapted from Peter Carey’s novel, it’s a hallucinatory punk-rock video – a searing picture of colonial-era Australia’s blasted landscapes, endemic corruption, decadent sex and bloody violence. Kelly himself (an electrifying George MacKay) is taught to survive in this savage alien terrain by his brutal mother (Essie Davis), a rollicking bandit (Russell Crowe), an exploitative policeman (Charlie Hunnam) and a dissolute English official (Nicholas Hoult, refining the evil Hugh Grant persona he introduced in The Favourite). Under their influence, it’s almost inevitable that he should become the leader of a cross-dressing revolutionary gang. Kurzel and his team make Kelly more feral and frightening than ever, but more sympathetic, too. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far-19"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-03T09:16:48Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The best films of 2020 so far","headlineShort":"The best films of 2020 so far","image":["p08jngp3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fhollywood"],"summaryLong":"BBC Culture’s film critics Nicholas Barber and Caryn James pick 10 of this year’s highlights, including Da 5 Bloods, The Hunt and a blood-soaked Brazilian homage to Westerns.","summaryShort":"Including Da 5 Bloods, The Hunt and The Assistant","tag":["tag\u002Fhollywood"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-02T23:00:49.265986Z","entity":"article","guid":"2e3e9310-3372-4f16-aee2-47d6a3132418","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-03T08:36:58.664706Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200702-the-best-films-of-2020-so-far","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775099},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families","_id":"5f0505ba9a34eaf8e20f47f7","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["wwculture\u002Fauthor\u002Fandrea-marechal-watson"],"bodyIntro":"What is the key to living in harmony with several generations of a family under one roof? Andrea Marechal Watson explores the flexible, inventive designs that are emerging.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMulti-generational living has been the norm throughout history, but with the growth of cities, age segregation in housing has crept in through the back door. Over time, this trend has begun to define the type of housing we build to a larger and larger extent – hence the rise in numbers of studio and one-bedroom apartments on the one hand, and retirement villages and care homes on the other.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-       \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-a-new-spin-on-the-dream-country-house\"\u003E A new spin on the dream country house\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200602-five-stunning-outdoor-spaces-for-all\"\u003EFive stunning outdoor spaces for all\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200515-designs-new-stone-age-is-here\"\u003EDesign’s new stone age is here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow for a range of reasons, multi-generational co-habitation is back in fashion. But in the UK and elsewhere we are finding that the homes we are building are far from suited to this mode of living: inflexible in design and too small, they hardly contain room for one family, let alone two or three.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js90p"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe problem is particularly acute in the UK where escalating house prices have resulted in the rise of the boomerang generation – kids who come back to the family nest for economic reasons. In addition to the boomerangs – many of them graduates paying off student loans – we have the stickarounds, children living at home well into their 30s because it is the only chance of scraping together a deposit to buy a home of their own. And on top of this lot are separated or divorced families, as well as a rising tide of grannies and grandads. New research from investment broker Charles Stanley finds the desire to avoid escalating retirement or care-home costs is driving this trend.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is however only so much space below stairs and under rooves that the typical home can make available to all these extra residents, so it comes as little surprise that a survey by Propertyheads.com found that interest in the ‘granny annexe’ has increased. According to the site: “After analysing the results of over 3,000 searches conducted during March and April 2020, some interesting patterns emerged which show how buyer behaviour has already started to change ahead of the easing of lockdown restrictions. The results revealed that searches for granny annexes were up by 16%, suggesting that the forced separation from older parents has made many realise that having them close by and ideally in a building attached to the same property is now a key factor in future property purchases.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut what is really needed are not annexes but a fundamental rethink of housing and planning, and it is already happening across Europe and the US. In Germany, projects include the \u003Cem\u003EMehrgenerationhaus\u003C\u002Fem\u003E (multi-generation house) programme, while Holland’s government has set a goal of creating 500,000 multi-generational homes by 2040. Initiatives in the UK include the Don’t Move Improve scheme and Superbia, a strategy to increase housing by using overlooked small sites such as gardens and rooftops in London’s suburban areas. There are an estimated four million gap sites (existing spaces between terraces or large gardens) in London alone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js91v"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ERecently, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson pledged that the country will build its way out of the recession brought on by the pandemic. He has announced several ways in which the planning system will be overhauled to make it easier to convert, add space and build upwards. But will these new homes meet the needs of today?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Planning to be together is better than being forced to be together – Caroline Dove","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EA new book by Caroline Dove, a partner at HTA Design, Radical Housing: Designing Multi-generational and Co-living Housing for All, suggests not.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In the UK... housing is provided by developers as a commodity not as homes where the customers have control,” says Dove. That said, she agrees with the urgent need to regenerate the economy. In the book she argues that adopting multi-generational living in our cities, with proper space standards, could solve many of the problems posed by the housing crisis and an ageing population.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERadical housing\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.architecture.com\u002Friba-books\u002Fbooks\u002Furban-design-planning-housing-and-infrastructure\u002Fplanning\u002Fproduct\u002Fradical-housing-designing-multi-generational-and-co-living-housing-for-all.html\"\u003ERadical Housing\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, published by RIBA (the Royal Institute of British Architects), gives a tantalising glimpse of a world where corporate housebuilders are not alone in determining our housing typographies. Instead, the featured homes and communities, whether private or shared ownership, are architect-led developments skillfully and sensitively designed to respond to challenges we face in the 21st Century. “Planning to be together is better than being forced to be together,” says Dove.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js953"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ERadical Housing explores how good design can address the need for homes that support sociability and allow communities to flourish; how architects and designers can add value; how design can address problems of privacy and noise, and provide flexibility; and how designers can engage with residents and other groups in the community.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn outstanding example in the book of multi-generational family living is Caring Wood in Kent, RIBA's 2017 House of the Year, inspired by Kentish Coast houses and Italian cloisters. This collaboration between James Macdonald Wright and Niall Maxwell is a carbon-neutral and sustainable family home composed of four connected blocks with an open courtyard at the heart. Everything including acoustics has been considered so that several families can live in comfort and harmony with each other. Set in 20 acres, with orchards and vines, Caring Wood is a one-off project, beautiful but of course beyond the reach of the vast majority.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08jsdj8"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBridge House, in Virginia USA by \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.howeleryoon.com\u002Fwork\u002F42\u002Fbridge-house\"\u003EHöweler + Yoon Architecture\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is something of the same with a very different aesthetic. Located between a suburban area and a protected wooded ravine, the house, which from the front looks like a single family home, was designed to accommodate three generations of a family with each having some private living spaces.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is a trio of blocks, two of which are at ground level due to the sloping site. A third block sits on top of these units, which act as a podium. Large amounts of glazing allow dramatic views of the wooded area throughout the building.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe smaller, ground-floor block is a private suite for the grandparents of the family, while the larger is used as a communal living area with kitchen, lounge, dining room and garage. A glazed gap between the two ground-floor blocks frames a view of the woodland, and is bracketed by two patios providing more family space. The upper block has four en suite bedrooms for the second and third generations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js8x1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EA different set of requirements was at the heart of the redesign of A House for Four Generations in Tokyo by \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Ftomomikito.com\u002Fworks\u002F005.html\"\u003ETomomi Kito Architects\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This inner-city property was reconfigured to accommodate a young couple, their son, the wife’s parents and a grandmother who had moved back from the countryside. Despite the fact that the house was just 40 years old and only two storeys, the clever redesign created private spaces for each person while keeping a sense of communality. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"As many as four in 10 homebuyers want room for a parent or adult child","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENot everyone can afford such architect-designed buildings and conversions but what the book Radical Housing teaches us is that design solutions for multigen homes share certain common themes, almost regardless of cost. Repeatedly running through the architect’s language are references to ‘clever use of space and lighting’. “It’s not always about spending lots of money,” says Dove. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe cites the Hundred House, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hta.co.uk\u002Fproject\u002Fterrace-future\"\u003EHTA\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’s submission to a competition to find a flexible, adaptable, affordable and offsite production house, as an example. The Hundred House is designed to cost less than £100,000, be built in less than 100 hours and last a hundred years. Taking the best features of Georgian and Victorian terraces, it enhances these classic designs. Among the improvements are twice as much light. Modular units can also be added thanks to the unique design of each property.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08js9d6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESpace is of course at the heart of the problem. Multi-generation homes are growing more rapidly in popularity in countries where land is abundant and relatively cheap. In the US, where nuclear-family homes have been the norm for the past 50 years, as many as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fastcompany.com\u002F90342219\u002Fthe-future-of-housing-looks-nothing-like-todays\"\u003Efour in 10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E homebuyers want room for a parent or adult child, according to a survey by John Burns Real Estate, while Canada has seen a 40% rise in ‘multigen’ households.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven in the UK, despite the space constraints, the number of multigenerational households is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.griclub.org\u002Fnews\u002Freal-estate\u002Fuk-multigenerational-housing-market-to-triple-by-2040_833\"\u003Eexpected to triple\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by 2040. And this could be an underestimate. The pandemic has boosted the market for multigen homes according to most estate agents, including Yopa who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.yopa.co.uk\u002Fhomeowners-hub\u002Fhas-lockdown-changed-what-we-want-from-a-home\u002F\"\u003Esurveyed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E 2,000 British buyers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“[The pandemic] has accelerated the trend for communal living,” says Stephanie McMahon at Strutt & Parker. “Some young urbanites fled the city before lockdown and moved in with relatives. Reduced costs, more space to live and childcare on tap means some may not want to go back to their old existence in a hurry.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELet’s hope the tide of data pointing to the rise of multi-generational living will be considered in any housing legislation reforms. As Jonathan Manns of Rockwell Property puts it: “If the recent lockdown has taught us anything, it’s about the importance of well-designed and adaptable space.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List, a handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families-16"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fdesigned"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-08T00:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Beautiful homes for extended families","headlineShort":"Beautiful homes for extended families","image":["p08js943"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p08js943"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Farchitecture"],"summaryLong":"What is the key to living in harmony with several generations of a family under one roof? Andrea Marechal Watson explores the flexible, inventive designs that are emerging.","summaryShort":"The designs that allow several generations to live together in harmony","tag":["tag\u002Farchitecture"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-07T23:30:48.163326Z","entity":"article","guid":"592b5c34-1e9e-418d-b366-3c15ed956241","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-07T23:30:48.163326Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200706-beautiful-homes-for-extended-families","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775099},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event","_id":"5ef9f8c59a34eaf8e21f134d","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fal-horner"],"bodyIntro":"The mega-hit computer game franchise The Last of Us, Part 2 of which is released this week, is part of a wave of pop culture imagining a green and lush end-of-days, writes Al Horner.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Last of Us may have been a zombie horror survival game, about a duo traversing a post-apocalyptic US overrun with cannibalistic creatures, but its most memorable moments weren’t daring escapes from zombie hordes, nor explosive shoot-outs with hostile human survivors. Instead, the greatest draw of the 2013 best-seller – lauded as one of the greatest video games of all time – was its quiet story beats, and one quiet story beat in particular. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.co.uk\u002Fsearch?sxsrf=ALeKk00DsPVXOUA201urdpT5PxGmA9iTlA%3A1592322517917&ei=1enoXqDFN9LuxgOW7b7YAg&q=bbc+culture+games+meditation&oq=bbc+culture+games+meditation&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIFCCEQoAE6BAgAEEc6BAgjECc6AggAOgQIABBDOgYIABAWEB46CAghEBYQHRAeOgQIIRAVOgcIIRAKEKABUMEDWOgSYMAUaABwAXgAgAFwiAGUDJIBBDEwLjeYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwjgg7HQ14bqAhVSt3EKHZa2DysQ4dUDCAw&uact=5\"\u003EHow gaming became a form of meditation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200416-why-does-cinema-ignore-climate-change\"\u003EWhy does cinema ignore climate change?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200508-why-depressing-dystopia-stories-are-popular-during-covid-19?ocid=fbcul\"\u003E- The comfort of dystopian stories\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEllie and Joel, the game’s protagonists, grizzled after an arduous, life-threatening trek in search of a cure to a pandemic that’s wiped out 60% of the planet, are climbing through an abandoned bus depot when they spot it: a wild giraffe grazing on acacia. In the distance, other giraffes roam through what used to be an inner-city baseball field, a symbol of how nature has reclaimed urban space in humanity’s absence. Acoustic guitar melodies stir. Ellie and Joel stop to caress the animal, looking out over a world rendered unrecognisable. It’s a moment of beauty amidst brutality; mankind may have been near-wiped out, but nature has carried on.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h6k9q"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the seven years leading up to The Last of Us Part II, the game’s long-awaited sequel, released on Playstation 4 this Friday, imagery like this has begun to spread through pop culture. Dawn of the Planet of The Apes, A Quiet Place, Bird Box, Annihilation and What Still Remains are just some of the films and TV shows to have reflected on the idea of human extinction through the lens of nature, sending survivors on explorations of areas overrun by wildlife. Books like Ling Ma’s Severance have set up narratives in empty, post-pandemic cities now draped in moss and bursting with biodiversity. Even Avengers: Endgame toyed with the idea of how the world’s ecosystem would benefit from the destruction of mankind: one bright side to Thanos wiping out half of Earth’s population, Captain America tells Black Widow, is that whales now swim again in the Hudson river.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EApocalyptic movies used to take place in smouldering landscapes, full of smoky greys and scorched skies. Now they take place in luscious green spaces, where wildlife has thrived as humanity has floundered. Why is that?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"There’s a fear that we’re not in control of our environment anymore. This is a visualisation of how we’ve made a mistake – Mark Digby","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMark Digby has a theory. Digby is the art designer behind Alex Garland’s acclaimed Annihilation, a brilliant 2018 science-fiction thriller in which Natalie Portman plays a scientist investigating a mysterious, mutating natural environment that threatens to consume the entire planet. He sees this visual trend in popular culture as a manifestation of our fear of climate change. “I think we’ve hit a point where our arrogance has been called into check and we’re realising there are forces greater than what we can control: namely, nature and science,” he explains. “There’s a fear that we’re not in control of our environment anymore. This is a visualisation of how we’ve made a mistake, and now we’re anticipating the consequences.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There’s definitely been a wave of films over the last decade that are exploring that aesthetic and this idea, of nature and apocalypse interlocking,” agrees Charles Spano, co-writer of 2019 Netflix sci-fi IO: Last on Earth, about a young girl alone on a crumbling planet. In that film, nature is described as being “reborn” in humanity’s absence: animals and flora are seen adapting and finding new ways to survive and thrive after mankind abandons the Earth for a new settlement in the stars. The movie concludes in an unnamed, abandoned city centre in which nature has erupted around its former concrete structures. “People making films, whether it’s a little art film or The Avengers, are looking at the world and this undeniable, looming devastation. I think that seeps into our storytelling. That’s where I think this visual concept comes from, and why we’re seeing nature and beauty become a part of apocalyptic stories more and more now.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe book that started it all\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESpano, a “huge fan” of The Last of Us, looked to the same source that the game’s creator Neil Druckmann did for inspiration: a 2008 book titled The World Without Us, by journalist Alan Weisman. “An editor asked me to write a piece about what would happen if humanity just left in the blink of an eye,” Weisman tells BBC Culture. What he thought might be a story about “a world resembling an empty lot, with cockroaches scuttling across it” quickly became a story instead about how nature would respond if there were no one to oversee cities, nuclear plants, forests and more. “It was way too big for an article and became a book about places in the world like Chernobyl where, without humans there, nature was rushing in, and what we could extrapolate from that.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h7bm1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EA lot of the research from The World Without Us informs the worlds of The Last of Us, IO and other ‘nature-apocalypse’ pop culture. In Weisman’s book, he discovers that without human intervention, houses would be eaten from the inside out by mould, seedlings and small organisms, gnawing away at timber. Without the man-operated mechanisms pumping water out of the New York subway system, it would flood in a matter of days, submerging streets. Tree roots would push up and eventually burst through asphalt, turning roads into strange, uneven terrain. Rusted cars would become incubators for wildlife, while fauna would sprout from every pavement crack and broken window, transforming the look of entire cities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I never thought of The World Without Us as an apocalyptic book, because the world doesn’t get destroyed, it gets restored – Alan Weisman","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAll of these visual touches are present in The Last of Us, as acknowledged by Druckmann in a 2013 making-of documentary. “The World Without Us describes in detail how much fighting on a daily basis we have to do to fight nature back, and once you stop doing that, how quickly nature will reclaim that space,” he says in the film. “Pretty soon you have vegetation growing everywhere and once you have vegetation, concrete breaks pretty easily.” This led to “wonderful concept art”, as lead game designer Jacob Minkoff puts it, of animals who’ve escaped from a zoo and bred over 20 years, inhabiting the land – all ideas rooted in Weisman’s research.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWeisman finds it ironic his work has seemingly become the basis for a lot of apocalyptic fiction. “I never thought of The World Without Us as an apocalyptic book, because the world doesn’t get destroyed – it gets restored,” he laughs. He curiously hadn’t heard about The Last of Us before I called, or any of the other films or pop culture titles seemingly indebted to his work (“I’m not on social media! I have to spend enough time looking into a glowing rectangle for my work”) but emails back a few days later to say he’d looked at a Last of Us clip online and decided it was “something very original and creative.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat do these stories achieve?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith The Last of Us Part II finally here, an HBO television series adaptation of the game in the works from Chernobyl creator Craig Mazin and more films and pop culture coming out of the woodwork with a similar aesthetic, what’s clear is that the notion of a post-apocalyptic world is being reimagined in a fundamental way. This reimagining also feels unexpectedly pertinent right now, in light of the media coverage of nature creeping back into our public spaces during lockdown, with coyotes spotted on the San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge and wild boar wandering Barcelona’s famous Las Ramblas.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h79jy"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe rise of the ‘beautiful apocalypse’ narrative could have a resoundingly positive effect and be a useful tool in inspiring our generation to tackle climate change, says Weisman. “I hope these movies and video games plant a seed in people,” he explains, suggesting that gamers might be “learning something meaningful as they play.” The implication in these tales juxtaposing human extinction with verdant visuals is that the only thing stopping the world from flourishing are its carbon-polluting inhabitants – \u003Cem\u003Eus\u003C\u002Fem\u003E. It’s a moral that those who watch and play such movies and video games might unconsciously take on board, shaping our own attitudes towards the environment and the responsibility we share in protecting it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELooked at another way, of course, these stories could be seen as profoundly tragic: the worst possible thing that could happen to mankind, they warn, could be the best possible thing to happen to the place we call home. But whether you find the concept of an abundant but barely-populated planet devastating or strangely comforting or both, it’s a good bet that it will only become more prominent in pop culture as our anxiety around our failure to control the climate crisis grows. In other words – we haven’t seen the last of the look of The Last of Us. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cem\u003Eon Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event-10"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-17T13:04:08.623Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why the apocalypse is being reimagined as a beautiful event","headlineShort":"Why the apocalypse could be beautiful","image":["p08h7bh1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p08h79jy"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"The mega-hit computer game franchise The Last of Us, Part 2 of which is released this week, is part of a wave of pop culture imagining a green and lush end-of-days, writes Al Horner.","summaryShort":"How mega-hit computer game franchise The Last of Us reimagines the end-of-days","tag":["tag\u002Fgaming"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-18T08:37:33.003465Z","entity":"article","guid":"cfe8e267-5e8d-4565-a8b4-1051af4b0975","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-18T11:00:38.130215Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200617-why-the-apocalypse-is-being-reimagined-as-a-beautiful-event","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775100},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives","_id":"5ef9f8c59a34eaf8e21f138a","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Flarushka-ivan-zadeh"],"bodyIntro":"A flop when it was released in 1975, The Rocky Horror Picture Show has since gained a fervent global fan following. Larushka Ivan-Zadeh explores its unique appeal.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEvery Saturday night since 1977, cross-gendered disciples in corsets and ripped fishnets have congregated to chant and sing along to The Rocky Horror Picture Show as if attending some gloriously kinky midnight mass.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s the ultimate cult movie. The first. The biggest. The one cult movie to rule them all. For more than 40 years, The Rocky Horror Picture Show has defined what we mean by a ‘cult’ movie, though few can ever hope to match its phenomenal level of ritualised worship. A box office flop so ker-splatty it was pulled from the few screens showing it back in 1975, only to be lovingly resurrected by a devout fanbase. It has since grossed over $170 million worldwide and holds the record for the longest continually running movie release of all time.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200515-spike-lees-masterpiece-about-racism-in-the-us\"\u003EThe film the US is finally ready for\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200408-from-withnail-and-i-to-el-topo-what-makes-a-cult-film\"\u003EWhat makes a cult film?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-withnail-and-i-the-ultimate-cult-film\"\u003EIs this the ultimate cult film?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet Rocky’s cult supremacy is now in jeopardy. With Covid-19 shutting cinemas, how can acolytes keep the faith? Enter Larry Viezel, president of The Rocky Horror Picture Show Official Fan Club – a responsibility he takes very seriously. For him, this is about more than a fun, cheeky night out in your underwear. “For a lot of people, Rocky Horror is like their home, it’s their connection to everybody – all their friends,” Viezel tells me via Zoom from New York. “I know of a lot of people whose lives were saved by this movie. Especially for those in the LGBT community, it’s a place where they could be themselves and find people who were their family. I don’t want to give that up. I want people to still have a place to be.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hc6jx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHis Facebook fansite has already hosted ‘The Rocky Horror Experience – the Live Lockdown Edition!’ and is packed with fan-created content such as a weekly ‘Zoomy Horror Quarantine Show’ where participants dress up and re-enact the entire movie over Zoom, a living room Time Warp dance-off, and ‘Don’t-cha Touch-a, Touch-a Touch Me’, a hymn to isolation frustration sung by a drag queen barbershop quartet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlans are optimistically proceeding for the film’s 45th birthday party in St Louis later this year. “I can’t wait til we can all do the Time Warp together again,” says Viezel.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s this off-the-scale level of audience partici…(“Say it!”)…pation, that first led to Rocky Horror being dubbed a cult. And what makes it endure. The seeds were right there from the start.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStaging a hit\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA camp twist on sci-fi B-movies, The Rocky Horror Picture Show first sprang to life in 1973 as a musical play in the tiny capacity studio above London’s Royal Court Theatre. Tis there, so mythology has it, that David Bowie’s first wife, Angie, gave the first audience participation ‘call-back’ when she yelled “No, don’t do it!” as creator Richard O’Brien’s Riff-Raff threatened to zap Tim Curry’s Dr Frank-N-Furter with a laser gun.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hc6v0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAn instant hit, the play transferred first to the West End and then to Los Angeles. A movie spin-off was a no-brainer. That critics hated it is not, it seems, entirely true. As the US film critic Roger Ebert astutely pointed out in his original, 2 ½ star rated 1976 review: “The Rocky Horror Picture Show would be more fun, I suspect, if it weren’t a picture show. It belongs on a stage, with the performers and audience joining in a collective send-up.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd so it came to pass. Midnight showings of the movie began at the Waverly Theatre in New York City on 1 April, 1976. In a time and place where gay rights was just finding a voice in the wake of the Stonewall riots, the Waverly attracted a congregation of groovy outcasts, weirdoes and rejects. An audience hungry to celebrate a story of sexual awakening where gender fluidity and pan-sexualism are joyfully celebrated; where a straight, white, conventionally attractive young couple called Brad and Janet (Barry Bostwick and Susan Sarandon), both virgins until their wedding night, are considered the freaks; and where a ‘sweet transvestite from Transylvania’ (a thrillingly charismatic Tim Curry) dressed in stack heels, suspenders, full make-up and little else, waltzes off with the movie.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The Rocky Horror Picture Show’s challenge to ‘don't dream it, be it’ was taken to heart by audiences","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAbove all, The Rocky Horror Picture Show’s challenge to ‘don't dream it, be it’ was taken to heart by audiences. Decades before Secret Cinema was even a twinkle, Rocky Horror fans created an immersive movie-going experience by returning, week after week, in costume as their favourite characters, armed with props such as water pistols to effect ‘rain’, rice to throw in the church scene, toast to throw when Frank proposes ‘a toast’ etc. At one New Orleans cinema, a fan dressed as ‘Eddie’ (played by Meatloaf in the movie) would drive his motorbike down the aisle during Eddie’s intro ‘Hot Patootie’. Cinemas tried to ban the food throwing – it was a nightmare to hoover up, particularly the hurled hotdogs – but it was all intended to merge viewer reality with the on-screen action.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hc7gw"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat makes it all the more remarkable is that this started in a pre-internet era. Today it takes just seconds to click on ‘The Virgin’s Guide To Rocky Horror’ on the timewarp.org website and find the requirements of dress, etiquette, dance moves and chant-along script; back then, the participation grew almost mystically. The high priest of Rocky Horror fandom is Sal Piro, a former schoolteacher. He’s related how, in the late 70s, he’d make a quip at a New York screening one weekend, then fly to LA the next and hear it shouted back at the screen there.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a teenager, my own Rocky Horror hymn sheet was Say It! The Rocky Horror Picture Show Audience Participation Album. Recorded live on Halloween 1983, it contains the entire audio of the film along with the callbacks MC-ed by Piro and performed by New York’s 8th Street Players. Sat alone in my 90s London bedroom, I wore out my double cassette by obsessively rewinding to learn each callback – and watching the movie again now, more than 20 years on, I still hear these ghostly ripostes in my head.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EShout-outs\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELet’s be honest, they’re far from Wildean. ‘Buy an umbrella, you cheap bitch’ was reportedly the original enshrined line still hollered as Sarandon’s character puts a newspaper over her head during a thunderstorm. People shout ‘where’s your neck?’ to Charles Gray’s narrator. The script, however, is not prescriptive. Anyone’s allowed to call out anything, and if it goes down well with the crowd, it gets incorporated the next week.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hc6wx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EResponses are, as you’ll have noted, often rude. I ask Viezel if, given modern sensitivities around ‘slut-shaming’, people still yell out ‘slut’ whenever Susan Sarandon’s Janet appears on screen? “People do, though I’ve seen response to that,” he says. “It’s a little of its time.” Other attitudes have shifted too. What viewers once found liberating, can now, ironically, be found the opposite by a new generation. For example, Frank’s rousing anthem of self-realisation (‘I’m a sweet transvestite – from Transsexual Transylvania’) is currently considered offensive by some transgender viewers. But when was Rocky Horror meant to be PC?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“People are like ultimately what Frank did with Brad and Janet was rape,” says Viezel, referring to the bedroom raid sequence where a disguised Frank takes both Janet then Brad’s virginities. “But let’s put that into perspective. Before that, Frank murders and cannibalises Eddie. In fact he not only eats someone, he then forces other people to eat people.” Frank’s flip from antagonist to vulnerable hero is in fact the movie’s most compelling element. As Viezel puts it, “For years everyone’s idolised Frank-N-Furter, but he’s not meant to be this perfect role model.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hc6yw"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor all the murder and sexual carry-on, Rocky Horror actually feels pretty tame by today’s standards. I’ve heard of 9-year-olds enjoying it. Has Rocky lost that subversive, cult, punk edge? You would certainly conclude that after watching The Rocky Horror Picture Show: Let’s Do the Time Warp Again, a 2016 made-for-TV remake from High School Musical director Kenny Ortega starring Laverne Cox as Frank-N-Furter and Nickelodeon starlet Victoria Justice as Janet. It feels safe, glossy, and politically correct. Duncan James, formerly of the boy band Blue, led the UK stage cast in Rocky Horror’s most recent staging. You can buy a huge variety of Rocky Horror costumes online and in high street party shops. It all seems too mainstream to be the stuff of ‘cult’ at all.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe final nail in that cult coffin arguably slammed down in March 2019, when Disney finalised their takeover of 20th Century Fox and thus now own Rocky Horror. “Does this make Tim Curry’s Frank a Disney princess?!” joked fans. But Viezel was more concerned. For him it was existential. “Every few years, there’s always a worry that Rocky Horror will be taken away,” he says. “First it was the sequel, then VHS, then DVD, then Blu-Ray, then the TV remake. But when the Disney thing happened, that’s the first time I was really worried. But Disney’s been really supportive.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhere Disney removed other cult Fox titles, such as Fight Club, from fan circulation, public screenings of Rocky Horror have been allowed to continue, and home-made merchandise has continued to flourish (within reason). There are also tributes in which a ‘shadow cast’ mime the actions and lip-synch the lines of their characters while the film is projected on a screen behind them. “To reference the movie, Rocky Horror is the Frankenstein story: Frank couldn’t control Rocky – he did what he wanted. This is the same thing,” concludes Viezel. “Yes, Disney’s out there, but Rocky Horror is its own living breathing monster and he’s wreaking havoc. Like the fans do. And that spirit will keep The Rocky Horror Picture Show living forever.” Amen to that.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003Eon Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives-12"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-19T09:17:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The Rocky Horror Picture Show: The film that’s saved lives","headlineShort":"The film that’s saved people’s lives","image":["p08hc6hj"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fcult-films"],"summaryLong":"A flop when it was released in 1975, The Rocky Horror Picture Show has since gained a fervent global fan following. Larushka Ivan-Zadeh explores its unique appeal.","summaryShort":"‘A gloriously kinky midnight mass’","tag":["tag\u002Fcult-films"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-19T07:47:08.732178Z","entity":"article","guid":"739a7f1a-1191-4408-b48f-f08df6b804ea","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-19T08:24:14.800529Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200618-the-rocky-horror-picture-show-the-film-thats-saved-lives","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775100},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature","_id":"5ef9f8c59a34eaf8e21f130b","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fandrew-dickson"],"bodyIntro":"Since 2011, Riitta Ikonen and Karoline Hjorth have photographed retired farmers, fishermen, zoologists, plumbers and opera singers around the world. Andrew Dickson explores a project that has offered solace in recent months.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESome of these pictures look like anthropological portraits from antique issues of National Geographic: statuesque figures in remote landscapes, wearing costumes of seashells or palm leaves. Others have the feel of delirious outdoor fashion shoots, where the stylist has gone wild with natural props such as moss and rubicund fronds of rhubarb (fleece jacket and sensible shoes: model’s own).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200609-the-photographers-changing-the-way-we-see-animals\"\u003EThe photographers changing how we see animals\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20200226-can-photography-save-the-amazon-people\"\u003ECan photography save the Amazon?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20191208-anonymous-project-intimate-images-of-a-forgotten-history\"\u003EA secret history hiding in plain sight\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn one image, photographed in northern England on a soggy spring day, it takes you a while to see the person at all: she’s camouflaged as a clump of bracken on the side of a moor. Is she participating in some kind of military exercise?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4d8t"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHowever you interpret them, the images in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Feyesasbigasplates.com\u002Fabout\u002F\"\u003EEyes as Big as Plates\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, an ongoing photographic project and book series by the Scandinavian artists \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.riittaikonen.com\u002F\"\u003ERiitta Ikonen\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fkarolinehjorth.com\u002F\"\u003EKaroline Hjorth\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, pose plentiful questions. Why is that older-looking man lying in a rockpool in Greenland, swaddled in chunks of ice like he’s just emerged from the frozen deep? Or what about the close-up of an elderly woman with the lined face and the sapphire-blue eyes, set against a wintry-looking sky? Gazing coolly out at us, she sports a wild, woven headdress that makes her resemble a spirit who conjures gales for the fun of it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is part of the project’s concept that you can supply as many answers as you feel you need, says Ikonen when we speak on a video call (originally Finnish, these days she lives on the Rockaway Peninsula, just outside New York; Hjorth – who is Norwegian – is joining from her own home outside Oslo).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4d04"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“In the beginning we were trying to illustrate certain phenomena – folklore, stories, figures from myth,” she recalls. “More recently, we dropped that.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHjorth is nodding: “We just try to work with whatever the people we interview bring, wherever they are.” Perhaps some mysteries are better left unsolved.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4hff"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe title ‘Eyes as Big as Plates’ is undeniably a tribute to Norwegian folklore. It references a story about a large-eyed dog (or possibly a troll) who lives beneath a bridge; the kind of curious, slightly spooky gaze the artists aim to emulate. The project began as Ikonen’s idea: she’d long been intrigued by Nordic mythology, and nine years ago hit upon the idea of creating a new body of work paying tribute to it. Searching for a collaborator, she came across Hjorth’s photographs – specifically portraits Hjorth had done of Norwegian grandmothers. Ikonen got in touch, and the two began to plan a new series focusing on older people, reimagining them as powerful figures from lore and legend.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4ds0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt became a touring exhibition that has travelled to museums in many countries, not just in Scandinavia but far beyond – Bogota, Leeds, New York, Rome – and then, in 2017, a book (which is now sold out). Taking advantage of their travels, all the time they have kept recruiting subjects and adding to the series. “Maybe we are a little bit stubborn,” Ikonen says with a wry smile.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EYoung at heart\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe originally wanted to focus on people in their 60s, 70s and 80s because she felt somehow they’d have a more intimate connection with that world, still very much alive in Scandinavia. Ironically, the first people they approached often didn’t see it that way at all.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We were absolutely pooh-poohed!” she laughs. “They said, ‘why are you approaching us with these children’s stories?’”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4fzg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENonetheless, they worked to find people who might be up for having their portrait taken in the landscape, as well as contributing ideas about what persona they could embody. Sometimes a specific folktale offers a visual theme; sometimes they draw inspiration from the landscape itself. “We absolutely see them as collaborators,” says Hjorth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h47xf"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe woman who resembles a wind goddess turns out to be a Norwegian in her 90s called Agnes, who made her first parachute jump at the age of 85 (her second was a 90th birthday present). “Floating through the air was pure joy,” she told the artists, so they all decided she’d dress as the “fabled north wind”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThey met another man, Halvar, at a seniors’ centre in Sandnes on the west coast of Norway. A retired farmer, he suggested they shoot a photograph on land where he and his family have their roots. The final image shows him perched on a rock in a marshy, stony field, sporting a headdress confected from wild grass (a nod to local legends about figures who live underground).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h60fc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“The moment we set up the camera, he pulled this wonderful proud pose,” recalls Hjorth. “He took it all so seriously.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDespite the fantastical, sometimes surreal quality of these images, creating them is a serious business for everyone involved. First, Hjorth and Ikonen approach the person they’d like to photograph (“we always keep an eye out, wherever we are,” says Ikonen) and discuss how it could work, and any themes or concepts that spring to mind. Perhaps the person in question is a keen swimmer or angler, or has some other connection with the natural world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4j0b"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBy the time they’ve travelled to a location and back, it usually takes at least a day to make a photograph, if not longer; some of the people they’ve worked with have been required to stand for many minutes in the snow, or sit on a wind-buffeted sea promontory while the artists work.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h60l7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIkonen’s own aunt, Tuija, gamely volunteered to be photographed while skinny dipping in the crystalline waters of Lake Kelvä in eastern Finland, only a few hundred miles from the Arctic Circle. “It looks tropical,” says Hjorth. “It really, really wasn’t.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIkonen laughs. “We always tell them to bring the warmest clothes they have, and then also pack about seven extra coats and pairs of boots. But we do break for food or a bit of whisky. People are super-tough.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"You notice the lined faces and frost-white hair, the weathered, wrinkled hands, but there is also a great deal of vivacity in these portraits","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETime is a deep theme in Eyes Bigger than Plates – from the time and painstaking care it takes to set up each picture, to the time it takes to compose and capture the image. Determined to use old-fashioned techniques, they shoot using natural light and film on a Mamiya medium-format camera, which introduces a sometimes alarming element of chance: “Once, we lost 75 per cent of the images we shot in Iceland,” sighs Ikonen.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-20"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4gvm"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-21"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThen, of course, there is the time embodied in their subjects, nearly all of them in their 60s, 70s, 80s and older. You notice the lined faces and frost-white hair, the weathered, wrinkled hands, but there is also a great deal of vivacity in these portraits. Tuija, floating in the lake, has a playful glint in her eye. A man, Boubou, shot in Senegal last year, uses a stick, but is adamantine, near-heroic as he stands in sea water up to his ankles wearing a coat of local fish.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-22"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4hml"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-23"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAlongside each picture the artists include a capsule biography, adding to the depth of the encounter. Astrid is obsessed with bridge; Jaska builds model aircraft and enjoys lake swimming; Marty has an in-depth knowledge of phragmites (a kind of reed), and was midway through cancer treatment when he was photographed near New York.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s tricky to place these pictures in a genre. Many of them have the feel of ethnographic field shoots, even wildlife shots (each person captured in their natural habitat, as it were). You could see them as sculpture, or as landscapes in the epic tradition of US photographers such as Edward Weston or Ansel Adams, who strove to capture the sublimity of the natural world. But there is a warmth to these images, a playfulness, which makes them refreshingly un-po-faced.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-24"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4gsg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-25"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“We both enjoy the same sense of humour, that slightly surreal touch,” suggests Hjorth. “But it’s not something we necessarily set out to create. Sometimes we don’t see it in the picture until months afterwards.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOlder people, particularly in western societies, often report the sense that they feel invisible to society at large. Both Ikonen and Hjorth agree that the series tries to work against that – celebrating each person’s distinctive life story, the qualities that make them stand out from the crowd, quite apart from their extraordinary appearance. In the midst of a pandemic that’s proved so savagely devastating to people over the age of 60, this feels more crucial than ever, Hjorth suggests: one of the men they photographed in New York, Bob, has been in and out of hospital with suspected Covid-19. “It’s brutal. That’s the demographic being hit by this virus.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-26"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4gy7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-27"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPeople have got in touch to say they have been taking solace in these images during the past few months, Ikonen adds. “They say the pictures give them a sense of mental space, a connection with nature. I really hope that’s true.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen the coronavirus lockdowns started to hit in Norway and then the US, the artists were starting to assemble a final selection for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Feyesasbigasplates.com\u002Fbuy-the-book\u002F\"\u003Ethe second volume of Eyes as Big as Plates\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which has been supported \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kickstarter.com\u002Fprojects\u002Feyesasbigasplates\u002Feyes-as-big-as-plates-vol-2\u002Fdescription\"\u003Eby nearly £30,000 of crowdfunding\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The edit is nearly done – 50 images taken in countries ranging from the Outer Hebrides to Tasmania and South Korea – and the aim is to publish next spring, in time for the project’s 10-year anniversary.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-28"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4h8f"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-29"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor obvious reasons, they can’t shoot any fresh pictures at the moment, and when they restart they’ll need to think hard about how to photograph people in vulnerable groups safely. “But we do want to continue somehow,” says Ikonen. “We always promised that we’d continue the project as long as it’s fun. We just don’t know how long this break will be.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe talk about the chance-like, faintly witchy nature of analogue photography, the way it amplifies the magical themes that animate Eyes as Big as Plates.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It’s the sense of being in the moment, the inexplicable instant that pulls it all together,” reflects Hjorth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIkonen is nodding. “Yes, but the magic is meeting the person, honestly. If we can share a small sliver of that, that’s great.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature-30"}],"collection":["future\u002Fpremium-collection\u002F100-year-life"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-17T09:16:48.243Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Eyes as Big as Plates: Remarkable photos of people in nature","headlineShort":"Remarkable photos of people in nature","image":["p08h5v45"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002F100-year-life"],"summaryLong":"Since 2011, Riitta Ikonen and Karoline Hjorth have photographed retired farmers, fishermen, zoologists, plumbers and opera singers around the world. They explain why to Andrew Dickson.","summaryShort":"Whimsical and witty portraits of the elderly around the world","tag":["tag\u002Fphotography","tag\u002F100-year-life"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-17T09:36:30.411911Z","entity":"article","guid":"addbf9a7-900e-4578-9584-8f7e6a3166bb","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-17T15:24:13.098363Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200617-eyes-as-big-as-plates-remarkable-photos-of-people-in-nature","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775101},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop","_id":"5ef9f8c59a34eaf8e21f13ff","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fnick-levine"],"bodyIntro":"She may be a style icon and all-round star. But 40 years on from her seminal LP Warm Leatherette, she should be recognised foremost as a musical trailblazer, writes Nick Levine.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt’s difficult to describe Grace Jones without using words that have been dulled into cliché, but the revered Jamaican performer really is iconic, unique and visionary. It’s equally tricky to sum up succinctly what she does: since she began flexing her creative muscles in the late 1960s, Jones has been a stage actress, high-fashion model, disco singer, photographer’s muse, new wave musician, film star and perennial trend-setter. Clearly, Jones’s chameleon-like qualities are a key part of her appeal. “She takes you to higher vibrations through her presence alone – she frees you completely because she is free herself,” says Honey Dijon, an internationally renowned DJ-producer who counts Jones as a major inspiration.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200601-the-picassos-of-modern-music\"\u003EThe Picassos of modern music\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200525-can-lady-gaga-become-the-worlds-biggest-pop-star-once-more?ocid=global_culture_rss\"\u003EIs Lady Gaga a genius or copycat\u003C\u002Fa\u003E?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200122-the-forgotten-political-roots-of-bridge-over-troubled-water\"\u003EThe ultimate comfort song?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, Jones’s incredible creative fluidity means her achievements in certain fields – especially music – are easy to underestimate. The dazzling, androgynous looks she’s created for photo shoots and album covers are rightly acclaimed – Vogue calls her \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vogue.com\u002Farticle\u002Fgrace-jones-fashion-icon-turns-68\"\u003E“the ultimate fashion muse”\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, while Dazed has hailed her \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dazeddigital.com\u002Fmusic\u002Farticle\u002F27129\u002F1\u002Fgrace-jones-most-revolutionary-style-moments\"\u003E“revolutionary style moments”\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – but at the expense, perhaps, of her musical legacy. Warm Leatherette, the album that introduced Jones’s distinctive, reggae-flecked take on new wave, has just turned 40 years old, so it’s an apt time to reassess her contribution as a singer, songwriter and genre-blending innovator. Featuring punky covers of songs by artists as varied as Tom Petty, Smokey Robinson and Roxy Music, all sung in Jones’s majestically detached style, it’s a record as fearless and singular as Jones herself. And also like Jones, it’s strangely ageless, sounding almost as fresh today as it did in 1980.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hfsth"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAdmittedly, in recent years Jones hasn’t shown much interest in adding to this musical legacy – 2008’s Hurricane is the only album she’s released in the past 30 years – but plenty of artists are celebrated long after their output grounds to a halt. Dr Kirsty Fairclough from the School of Arts and Media at the University of Salford says Jones’s “expression of self through several art forms” has “reframed our understanding of the pop performer”, but hasn’t been “fully recognised in pop culture” yet. She points to “echoes” of Jones’s work in musicians as varied as Nicki Minaj, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, FKA twigs, Grimes, Róisín Murphy and Janelle Monáe. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"She taught me not to be afraid of anything – that life is a stage and the stage is the place for the extravaganza that comes from within – Dolly Bing Bing","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBecause Jones has so successfully subverted gender norms – the\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIsland_Life#\u002Fmedia\u002FFile:Grace_Jones_-_Island_Life.jpg\"\u003E famous cover art for her 1985 compilation album Island Life\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, created by her then-partner and frequent collaborator Jean-Paul Goude, presents her as an almost impossible paragon of athleticism – she’s also an enduring queer icon. “She taught me not to be afraid of anything – that life is a stage, and the stage is the place for the extravaganza that comes from within,” says queer Belgian performance artist and pop musician Dolly Bing Bing. Zebra Katz, a pioneer of the queer rap genre, says Jones has “been one of the key figures in stabilising a creative bar for most of my work”, hailing her ability to “shine through in whatever she presents” – from “acting in Hollywood films to walking runways in Paris and creating some of the world’s most unique and identifiable music”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJones’s influence as a musician was due to be celebrated at this month’s Meltdown festival in London, which she was asked to curate by the Southbank Centre, Europe’s largest arts institution. “She was the first artist who made me feel that I could express myself, be whatever I wanted to be, and not be afraid of what the world might say,” said Bengi Ünsal, Southbank Centre’s head of contemporary music, when Jones was announced as curator in November. Though this year’s festival obviously won’t be going ahead because of coronavirus, Southbank Centre has confirmed that Jones will take charge of the 2021 festival instead. When she does, she’ll become the first black woman to oversee the 10-day event, which has previously been curated by the likes of David Bowie, Yoko Ono and David Byrne.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA milestone month\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven with her Meltdown festival on hold, June 2020 is something of a milestone month for Jones because it marks the 40th anniversary of her first British hit. On 27 June 1980, around six weeks after Warm Leatherette was released, Jones dropped its third single: a thrillingly minimal cover of The Pretenders’ Private Life which cracked the UK top 20 and introduced her to a wider audience when she performed it, magnificently, on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=4Mj1wtDsjxE\"\u003ETop of the Pops\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Zebra Katz says it’s his favourite song on Warm Leatherette – “Grace’s voice has such a relaxed and controlled attitude and the track itself is just so incredibly lush” – and The Pretenders’ Chrissie Hynde is also a big fan. “When I first heard Grace’s version I thought ‘Now that’s how it’s supposed to sound!’” she wrote in the liner notes for Jones’s 1998 compilation Private Life: The Compass Point Sessions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hfsj3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMusically, Warm Leatherette was a bold \u003Cem\u003Evolte-face\u003C\u002Fem\u003E after Jones had launched her recording career with a trio of disco albums – 1977’s Portfolio, 1978’s Fame and 1979’s Muse – produced by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.factmag.com\u002F2013\u002F05\u002F10\u002Fa-beginners-guide-to-tom-moulton-inventor-of-the-remix-and-the-12-single\u002F\"\u003Eremix pioneer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Tom Moulton. Jones’s disco era was moderately successful and proved she wasn’t just a fashionista dabbling in music. By this point, she’d already defied industry expectation to establish herself as a high-fashion model. Jones, who moved from Jamaica to Syracuse, New York, as a teenager, signed her first modelling contract at the age of 18. She then walked runways for Yves Saint Laurent, Kenzo and Azzedine Alaïa during a successful spell in Paris in the early 1970s, when she shared a flat with Jerry Hall and Jessica Lange. In her 2015 book I’ll Never Write my Memoirs, Jones recalls being confronted by blatant racism when she arrived in the French capital. A leading agent told her that “selling a black model in Paris is like trying to sell them an old car nobody wants to buy”, but Jones wasn’t put off, replying prophetically: “I’m going to make you eat those words”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"After the disco albums, I had decided that I was going to sing in my way, not try and become a conventional pop singer – Grace Jones","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EStill, Jones was never too enamoured with her modelling career, which she describes in I’ll Never Write my Memoirs as “throwaway”, so she soon parlayed her growing visibility into a viable music career. Her club-ready cover of Edith Piaf’s La Vie en Rose became a big hit in continental Europe in 1977; shortly after, a remixed version of her 1975 debut single I Need a Man hit number one on the Billboard dance chart, consolidating her popularity on the gay scene in the process.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, Jones’s disco-diva phase drew to a natural close as the genre’s popularity began to diminish. After 1979’s Muse album sold poorly, Island Records founder Chris Blackwell encouraged Jones to radically reinvent her sound to reflect her forceful personality and diverse musical influences. At Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, he assembled an innovative, genre-fusing band centred around revered reggae musicians Sly Dunbar and Robbie Shakespeare. “Chris took all my different worlds and stuck them all together to create the Compass Point All Stars – the erotic French side, the acid tripping rock ‘n’ roller, the Jamaican drum and bass, the androgynous android electronics,” Jones recalls in I’ll Never Write my Memoirs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA unique voice\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, Jones began to really embrace her imposing voice. “After the disco albums, I had decided that I was going to sing in my way, not try and become a conventional pop singer,” she writes in her book. She also says Blackwell “didn’t care that I sounded like a man or an entity”, and acknowledges that her strange vocal technique – “somewhere between half-speaking and half-singing” – perfectly complimented the androgynous visual style she was developing. Warm Leatherette was the first Jones album to have cover art designed by Goude, who would play an integral part in the startling way she presented herself to the world. The cover image shows Jones wearing heavy, almost drag-like makeup and a flattop hairstyle; it’s an early example of what Fairclough calls her ability to “celebrate and subvert conventional notions of the female form”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hft56"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EJones is often referred to as Goude’s ‘muse’, but he should be credited with helping to refine and elevate her aesthetic, not inventing it in the first place. Recalling Jones’s performance at a New York gay club in 1977, three years before Warm Leatherette, music critic Barry Walters \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpitchfork.com\u002Ffeatures\u002Ffrom-the-pitchfork-review\u002F9708-as-much-as-i-can-as-black-as-i-am-the-queer-history-of-grace-jones\u002F\"\u003Ewrote in 2015\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: “She was as queer as a relatively straight person could get. Her image celebrated blackness and subverted gender norms; she presented something we had never seen before in pop performance – a woman who was lithe, sexy, and hyperfeminine while also exuding a ribald, butch swagger.” More than 40 years later, Dolly Bing Bing says Jones still inspires the way she presents herself because “my muscles make me look androgynous and yet I play with my female sexuality” – a paradox Jones ushered into the mainstream.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The song Walking in the Rain was a game-changer – Grace said it loud and clear about her presentation and it was animalistic and sexual and self-aware – Honey Dijon","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAs Dijon points out, Jones was always a true original who used her distinctive image to enrich her equally distinctive music. Walking in the Rain, a song by Australian new wave band Flash in the Pan, which she covered on 1981’s Nightclubbing album, her follow-up to Warm Leatherette, almost sounds like a manifesto for Jones. “Feeling like a woman, looking like a man, sounding like a no-no, mating when I can,” she sings with a cool, confident ennui. “This tune was a game-changer – she said it loud and clear about her presentation and it was animalistic and sexual and self-aware,” Dijon says, adding: “It made me feel free to be myself in all of its complex dimensions – she gave me joy and hope.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECleverly chosen cover versions were as integral to the success of Warm Leatherette and Nightclubbing as Jones’s new, genre-fusing sound and unapologetic singing technique. Instead of suggesting show tunes like Send in the Clowns and Tomorrow, which she recorded during her disco phase, Blackwell encouraged Jones to put her own stamp on “unusual pop” songs by Roxy Music (Love Is the Drug), Iggy Pop (Nightclubbing) and Joy Division (She’s Lost Control). The results had the dramatic, avant-garde edge of her image. “When I sing a song I need to get into character, because it is all theatre to me,” Jones writes in I’ll Never Write my Memoirs, where she also admits that she can’t listen to her version of She’s Lost Control because she interpreted it literally and “lost control to such an extent I scared myself”. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring this period, Jones also began to hone her songwriting skills. Released as Nightclubbing’s third single, the self-penned Pull Up to the Bumper pivots on a double entendre that perhaps only Jones could pull off – in 2008, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20110818072441\u002Fhttp:\u002Fnews.qthemusic.com\u002F2008\u002F12\u002Fgrace_jones_laughs_off_bumper.html\"\u003Eshe said coyly\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that it wasn’t “necessarily” about anal sex. Either way, it’s become one of her signature songs and a staple of her fabulous live shows. Jones then co-wrote all but one song on 1982’s Living My Life, the final album she made at Compass Point Studios. Standout tracks include My Jamaican Guy, which Jones sings largely in Jamaican Patois, and Nipple to the Bottle, which offers a bracingly honest account of breastfeeding and motherhood. “When you don’t get what you want, you scream and you shout, you’re still a baby,” Jones sings witheringly.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08hft7s"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAfter Living My Life, Jones cemented her status as an ’80s pop culture icon by transitioning into acting with roles opposite Arnold Schwarzenegger in 1984’s Conan the Destroyer and Roger Moore in the 1985 Bond film A View to a Kill. That year, she also scored one of her biggest hits with Slave to the Rhythm, a bombastic dance song produced by Frankie Goes to Hollywood collaborator Trevor Horn. By this point, she’d definitely earned the famous grand introduction afforded to her on the song by actor Ian McShane: “Ladies and Gentlemen... Miss Grace Jones.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Forty years after she released her first great album, she remains as impossible to pigeonhole as her music","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHer subsequent musical output has been sparing, but often very impressive. Jones’s most recent album, 2008’s Hurricane, features what could be her most affecting song: Williams’ Blood. On this gospel-flecked ballad, Jones explores the dichotomy between her family’s religious beliefs – her father Robert was a Pentecostal minister – and her own rebellious nature, by aligning with her paternal grandfather, a musician who “womanised” as he “went from town to town” touring with Nat King Cole. Together with the 2015 book I’ll Never Write My Memoirs and Sophie Fiennes’s 2017 documentary Bloodlight and Bami, it shows a more human side to Jones – who was famously presented as a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=57OO9EGgdtg\"\u003Ecyborg-like racer in a car advert directed by Goude\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In Fiennes’s film, she says she developed her formidable side by imitating her disciplinarian step-grandfather, saying: “That’s why I’m scary. That’s the male dominant scary person I become.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThen again, Jones seems to know never to give too much away because a certain amount of enigma enhances her appeal. Forty years after she released her first great album, Warm Leatherette, she remains as impossible to pigeonhole as the music which Dijon describes as a mix of “reggae, dub, disco, French ballads, rock, punk and rap”, while the advice she dishes out on the album’s biggest single – “Your private life drama, baby, leave it out” – is something she herself pays heed to. Jones’s own private life drama is for her alone to navigate; she’ll let us in only as much as she wants to.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop-16"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Fmusic"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-22T09:00:07Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why Grace Jones was the most pioneering queen of pop","headlineShort":"The most pioneering queen of pop","image":["p08hft60"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5ef9f9769a34eaf8e224e7f2"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"She may be a style icon and all-round star. But 40 years on from her seminal LP Warm Leatherette, she should be recognised foremost as a musical trailblazer, writes Nick Levine.","summaryShort":"Why Grace Jones remains a music visionary, 40 years on from her breakthrough LP","tag":["tag\u002Fpop-music"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-21T22:38:57.567835Z","entity":"article","guid":"b360c63f-cf8b-445d-bf1b-51f959c04fc5","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-22T15:44:01.586736Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200619-why-grace-jones-was-the-most-pioneering-queen-of-pop","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775101},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","_id":"5ef9f8c99a34eaf8e21f233f","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"gallery","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Flindsay-baker"],"bodyIntro":"With an emphasis on mid-Century influences, along with Cuban ingenuity and flair, a new book Havana Living Today, by Hermes Mallea, explores the city’s most beautiful 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Mallea, explores the city’s most beautiful homes.","summaryShort":"A surprising look inside some of Cuba’s most distinctive dwellings","tag":null,"creationDateTime":"2017-10-30T10:09:07.938678Z","entity":"article","guid":"5cfc186c-d104-476f-80b7-c83d1de21ce9","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","modifiedDateTime":"2017-10-30T10:09:07.938678Z","project":"culture","slug":"20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","cacheLastUpdated":1594546775102}},"tags":{"tag\u002Ffilm-history":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:tag:tag\u002Ffilm-history","_id":"5ef9fa329a34eaf8e226e07c","assetImage":null,"description":"","linkUrl":"","name":"Film 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