2022年天文學獎 - 邵逸夫獎

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<div class="autobio-portrait autobio-portrait-1 autobio-total-2" style=" background: url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2022_AN_Lindegren.png) bottom center no-repeat;background-size:contain"></div> <div class="autobio-portrait autobio-portrait-2 autobio-total-2" style=" background: url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2022_AN_Michael-Perryman.png) bottom center no-repeat;background-size:contain"></div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row margin-120-bottom m-margin-20-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h6 class="d-tiny color-grey img-cd-title">相片提供</h6> <h6 class="d-tiny color-grey img-cd"></h6> <h6 class="d-tiny color-grey img-cd"></h6> </div> </div> </div> <section class=""> <div class="container"> <div class="row margin-120-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <h4 class="shne m-margin-40-bottom">萊納特・林德格倫<br /> 邁克爾・佩里曼</h4> </div> <div class="col-sm-7 offset-sm-1"> <div class="color-gold h4-p"><p>以表彰他們一生對天體測量學的貢獻，尤其是在歐洲太空總署依巴谷號及蓋亞號的構想和設計中扮演的角色。</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="info-break-line margin-70-bottom"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-120-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <h4 class="m-margin-20-bottom">貢獻</h4> </div> <div class="col-sm-7 offset-sm-1"> <div class="d-body wys-wapper margin-40-bottom"><p>2022年度邵逸夫天文學獎平均頒予<strong>萊納特・林德格倫（Lennart Lindegren）</strong>和<strong>邁克爾・佩里曼（Michael Perryman）</strong>，以表彰他們一生對天體測量學的貢獻，尤其是在歐洲太空總署依巴谷號及蓋亞號（以下簡稱依巴谷及蓋亞）的構想和設計中扮演的角色。<strong>萊納特・林德格倫</strong>是瑞典隆德大學天文學及理論物理系隆德天文台榮休教授。<strong>邁克爾・佩里曼</strong>是愛爾蘭都柏林大學學院物理學院客座教授。</p> <p>於1989年發射的依巴谷，曾測量逾100,000顆恆星的位置和運動狀況，其精確度比地面觀察台高出兩個數量級。蓋亞於2013 年發射，目前仍在運作，以其精確度更高的技術，測量了數以十億計的恆星、類星體及太陽系天體的位置和轉動狀況。這兩項任務所得的成果豐碩，精準描繪出銀河系裡恆星的分佈及特性，以及為銀河系的形成及歷史提供獨有的見解，影響天文學及天體物理學裡幾乎所有的分支。這個獎項亦旨在表彰所有令依巴谷及蓋亞得以成功的天文學家和工程師。</p> </div> <a class="b-button b-button-border margin-40-bottom" href="https://www.shawprize.org/zh/laureates/2022-astronomy/?type=Contribution"> <h6 class="d-button">繼續閱讀</h6> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="info-break-line margin-70-bottom "></div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-120-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <h4 class="m-margin-20-bottom">得獎人獲獎介紹<br></h4> </div> <div class="col-sm-7 offset-sm-1"> <div class="d-body wys-wapper margin-40-bottom"><p>Astrometry, the first scientific discipline, is the measurement of the positions and motions of planets and stars. The early naked-eye star catalogues of Ptolemy (ca. 100–170 CE), Ulugh Beg (1394–1449), and Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) were supplanted in the last two centuries by telescopic catalogues of ever-increasing size and accuracy. However, by the late twentieth century, astrometry from ground-based optical telescopes encountered insurmountable barriers to further improvements, arising from atmospheric distortions, thermal and gravitational distortions of the telescopes, and the difficulties of stitching together data from telescopes in different continents.</p> <p>The concepts of precision space astrometry date back to the 1960s, and these were first realized with the launch of the European Space Agency’s Hipparcos mission in 1989. Hipparcos measured the positions and motions of over 100,000 stars with accuracies 100 times better than ground-based observatories. By measuring small variations in stellar positions as the Earth traveled around its orbit (parallax), Hipparcos also determined distances to over 20,000 stars with uncertainties of less than 10%.</p> </div> <a class="b-button b-button-border margin-40-bottom" href="https://www.shawprize.org/zh/laureates/2022-astronomy/?type=Essay&laureate=1"> <h6 class="d-button">繼續閱讀</h6> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="info-break-line margin-70-bottom desktop-item"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-60-bottom m-margin-8-bottom" style="position: relative"> <div class="no-counter single-count" style="width: calc(100% - 48px);height: 100%;top: 0;left: 24px;background: #F1F0EC;position: absolute;z-index: -1;border-radius: 4px"></div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-8"> <div class="ar32 no-counter" style="background: url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/AN_Lennart-Lindegren_800x533-600x400.png) center center no-repeat;background-size: cover;border-top-left-radius: 4px"> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 offset-sm-1"> <div class="about-laur-wrap"> <h6 class="d-tiny margin-15-bottom margin-60-top">得獎者簡介</h6> <h5 class="shne margin-60-bottom">萊納特・林德格倫 (Lennart Lindegren)</h5> <div class="d-body wys-wapper margin-60-bottom"><p><strong>萊納特・林德格倫 (Lennart Lindegren)</strong> 在1950年於瑞典出生，現為瑞典隆德大學天文學及理論物理系隆德天文台榮休教授。1980年於隆德大學取得博士學位，其後留校任教，2000年升任天文學教授，2017年退休。在隆德天文台工作的其中六年，他曾出任台長。他是歐洲太空總署依巴谷號科學團隊（1976–1997）及蓋亞號科學諮詢小組的成員（1997–2000）。他帶領蓋亞號數據處理及分析聯盟的天體測量全球迭代方案之科學實施，亦是蓋亞號科學團隊的成員（2001–）。他曾擔任瑪麗居禮研究培訓聯網ELSA的項目統籌人（2006–2010）。萊納特<strong>・</strong>林德格倫是瑞典皇家科學院院士。</p> </div> <a href="https://www.shawprize.org/zh/autobiography/lennart-lindegren/"> <div class="b-button b-button-border margin-100-bottom"> <h6 class="d-button">得獎人自傳</h6> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-60-bottom m-margin-8-bottom" style="position: relative"> <div class="no-counter single-count" style="width: calc(100% - 48px);height: 100%;top: 0;left: 24px;background: #F1F0EC;position: absolute;z-index: -1;border-radius: 4px"></div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-8"> <div class="ar32 no-counter" style="background: url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/AN_Michael-Perryman_800x533-600x400.png) center center no-repeat;background-size: cover;border-top-left-radius: 4px"> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 offset-sm-1"> <div class="about-laur-wrap"> <h6 class="d-tiny margin-15-bottom margin-60-top">得獎者簡介</h6> <h5 class="shne margin-60-bottom">邁克爾・佩里曼 (Michael Perryman)</h5> <div class="d-body wys-wapper margin-60-bottom"><p><strong>邁克爾・佩里曼 (Michael Perryman) </strong>在1954年於英國盧頓出生，現為愛爾蘭都柏林大學學院物理學院客座教授。分別在1976年及1980年於英國劍橋大學取得數學及理論物理學學士學位和博士學位。他於1980年加入歐洲太空總署，出任依巴谷號的項目科學家（1981–1997），隨後出任蓋亞號的研究科學家（1995–2000）及項目科學家（1995–2008）。他在歐洲太空總署服務期間，同時擔任荷蘭萊頓大學天文學教授（1993–2009）。2010年他於德國海德堡大學及馬克斯普朗克天文研究所聯合執教。一年後他於英國布里斯托大學出任物理學客座教授（2011–2012），2012年開始在都柏林大學學院擔任客座教授。</p> </div> <a 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2022年 天文學獎 - 邵逸夫獎

2022年天文學獎 - 邵逸夫獎