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data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" 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1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"discussions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"discussions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/discussions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 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12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 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Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_industries","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry"> View all industries </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 flex-shrink-0 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold"> <a href="/solutions"> View all solutions <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon"> <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Resources <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span> <ul 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data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"executive_insights","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"executive_insights_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights"> Executive Insights </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_sponsors","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="/sponsors"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Sponsors</div> Fund open source developers </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"the_readme_project","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/readme"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">The ReadME Project</div> GitHub community articles </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"topics","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"topics_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/topics"> Topics </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"trending","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"trending_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/trending"> Trending </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" 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seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="custom-scopes-dialog-title" aria-describedby="custom-scopes-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header Overlay-header--divided"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> Saved searches </h1> <h2 id="custom-scopes-dialog-description" class="Overlay-description">Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly</h2> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" 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class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/126912889-d86e3171-471a-4c05-b6bf-36a70080ab7c.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/126912889-d86e3171-471a-4c05-b6bf-36a70080ab7c.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n Firmware Guide\n\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content------firmware--guide\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: \n Firmware Guide\n\" href=\"#-----firmware--guide\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eA guide covering the Firmware the applications, libraries and tools that will make you a better and more efficient with Firmware development.\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-a-guide-covering-the-firmware-the-applications-libraries-and-tools-that-will-make-you-a-better-and-more-efficient-with-firmware-development\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: A guide covering the Firmware the applications, libraries and tools that will make you a better and more efficient with Firmware development.\" href=\"#a-guide-covering-the-firmware-the-applications-libraries-and-tools-that-will-make-you-a-better-and-more-efficient-with-firmware-development\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote: You can easily convert this markdown file to a PDF in \u003ca href=\"https://code.visualstudio.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVSCode\u003c/a\u003e using this handy extension \u003ca href=\"https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=yzane.markdown-pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMarkdown PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/126912553-d95977a7-3bec-4ff2-9bab-700fe90fc014.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/126912553-d95977a7-3bec-4ff2-9bab-700fe90fc014.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-table-of-contents\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Table of Contents\" href=\"#table-of-contents\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#Firmware-learning-resources\"\u003eFirmware Learning Resources\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#Firmware-tools-libraries-and-frameworks\"\u003eFirmware Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#virtualization\"\u003eVirtualization\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#file-systems\"\u003eFile systems\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#security-tools-and-frameworks\"\u003eSecurity Tools and Frameworks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#networking\"\u003eNetworking\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#assembly-development\"\u003eAssembly Development\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#cc-development\"\u003eC/C++ Development\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#c-development\"\u003eC# Development\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#net-development\"\u003e.NET Development\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#python-development\"\u003ePython Development\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#rust-development\"\u003eRust Development\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFirmware Learning Resources\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-firmware-learning-resources\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Firmware Learning Resources\" href=\"#firmware-learning-resources\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFirmware\u003c/a\u003e is a software program that comes embedded in a piece of hardware such as a keyboard, hard drive, BIOS, or a video card. It usually provides basic functions of a device and sometimes only provide services to higher-level software.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://online-learning.harvard.edu/subject/embedded-systems-1\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOnline Embedded Systems Courses | Harvard University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://online.stanford.edu/programs/internet-things-graduate-program\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eInternet of Things Graduate Program | Stanford Online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsc-extension.edu/certificates/embedded-systems/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEmbedded Systems Certificate | UCSC Silicon Valley Extension\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://online.odu.edu/programs/embedded-systems-engineering-technology-eet\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEmbedded Systems Technology (EET) | ODU Online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.edx.org/learn/embedded-systems\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn Embedded Systems with Online Courses and Classes | edX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udemy.com/topic/embedded-systems/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTop Embedded Systems Courses Online | Udemy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=embedded%20c\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTop Embedded C Courses Online | Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udacity.com/course/embedded-systems--ud169\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEmbedded Systems | Udacity Free Courses\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.arm.com/resources/education/online-courses/embedded-linux\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEmbedded Linux Online Course - Arm®\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/browse/computer-science/software-development\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSoftware Development Online Courses | Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=software%20engineering\u0026amp;index=prod_all_products_term_optimization\u0026amp;completemode=undefined\u0026amp;page=1\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTop Software Engineering Courses | Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.edx.org/learn/software-development\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn Software Development with Online Courses and Lessons | edX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFirmware Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-firmware-tools-libraries-and-frameworks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Firmware Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks\" href=\"#firmware-tools-libraries-and-frameworks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://doc.coreboot.org/getting_started/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCoreboot\u003c/a\u003e is a replacement for your BIOS / UEFI with a strong focus on boot speed, security and flexibility. It is designed to boot your operating system as fast as possible without any compromise to security, with no back doors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.tianocore.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTianoCore\u003c/a\u003e is a community project supporting an open source implementation of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). EDK II is a modern, feature-rich, cross-platform firmware development environment for the UEFI and UEFI Platform Initialization (PI) specifications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tianocore/tianocore.github.io/wiki/EDK-II\"\u003eEDK II\u003c/a\u003e is a modern, feature-rich, cross-platform firmware development environment for the UEFI and PI specifications .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://openwrt.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOpenWrt Project\u003c/a\u003e is a Linux operating system targeting embedded devices. Instead of trying to create a single, static firmware, OpenWrt provides a fully writable filesystem with package management.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/OpenSK\"\u003eOpenSK\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source implementation for security keys written in Rust that supports both FIDO U2F and \u003ca href=\"https://fidoalliance.org/fido2/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFIDO2\u003c/a\u003e standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fwupd.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLinux Vendor Firmware Service(LVFS)\u003c/a\u003e is a secure portal which allows hardware vendors to upload firmware updates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd\"\u003efwupd\u003c/a\u003e is a simple daemon to allow session software to update firmware. The goal og project is to make updating firmware on Linux automatic, safe and reliable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://chipsec.github.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCHIPSEC\u003c/a\u003e is a framework for analyzing the security of PC platforms including hardware, system firmware (BIOS/UEFI), and platform components. It includes a security test suite, tools for accessing various low level interfaces, and forensic capabilities. It can be run on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and UEFI shell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-secure-boot\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSecure boot\u003c/a\u003e is a security standard developed by members of the PC industry to help make sure that a device boots(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) BIOS) using only software(such as bootloaders, OS, UEFI drivers, and utilities) that is trusted by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/tpm/trusted-platform-module-overview\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTrusted Platform Module (TPM\u003c/a\u003e is a technology module designed to provide hardware-based, security-related functions. A TPM chip is a secure crypto-processor that is designed to carry out cryptographic operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntel® oneAPI Base Toolkit\u003c/a\u003e is a foundational kit that enables developers of all types to build, test, and deploy performance-driven, data-centric applications across CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. For more specialized workloads, use the Base Kit with one or more add-on toolkits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/hpc-toolkit.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntel® oneAPI HPC Toolkit\u003c/a\u003e is toolkit that delivers fast DPC++, C++, Fortran, OpenMP, and MPI applications that scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/iot-toolkit.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntel® oneAPI IoT Toolkit\u003c/a\u003e is a toolkit for building high-performing, efficient, reliable solutions that run at the network’s edge.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/rendering-toolkit.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntel® oneAPI Rendering Toolkit\u003c/a\u003e is a toolit for accelerating High-Fidelity Rendering and Visualization Applications with Powerful Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/ai-analytics-toolkit.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntel® AI Analytics Toolkit\u003c/a\u003e is a toolkit that helps you achieve end-to-end performance for AI workloads.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/openvino-toolkit.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntel® Distribution of OpenVINO™ Toolkit\u003c/a\u003e is a toolkit that you help you harness the full potential of AI across multiple Intel® architectures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pop-os/system76-firmware\"\u003eSystem76 Firmware\u003c/a\u003e is a software package that has a CLI(command-line inferface) tool for installing firmware updates. Also, included is the system76-firmware-daemon package, which has a systemd service that exposes a DBUS API for handling firmware updates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pop-os/firmware-manager\"\u003eFirmware Manager\u003c/a\u003e is a generic framework and GTK UI for firmware updates from \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pop-os/system76-firmware\"\u003esystem76-firmware\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd\"\u003efwupd\u003c/a\u003e, written in Rust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Benjamin-Dobell/Heimdall\"\u003eHeimdall\u003c/a\u003e is a cross-platform open-source tool suite used to flash firmware (aka ROMs) onto Samsung mobile devices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon\"\u003eNexmon\u003c/a\u003e is a C-based firmware patching framework for Broadcom/Cypress WiFi chips that enables you to write your own firmware patches, for example, to enable monitor mode with radiotap headers and frame injection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/attify/firmware-analysis-toolkit\"\u003eFirmware Analysis Toolkit\u003c/a\u003e is a toolkit built in order to help security researchers analyze and identify vulnerabilities in IoT and embedded device firmware. This is built in order to use for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.attify-store.com/collections/training/products/offensive-iot-exploitation\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\"Offensive IoT Exploitation\"\u003c/a\u003e training conducted by \u003ca href=\"https://attify.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAttify\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/fkie-cad/FACT_core\"\u003eFirmware Analysis and Comparison Tool\u003c/a\u003e is a tool intended to automate most of the firmware analysis process. It unpacks arbitrary firmware files and processes several analyses. Additionally, it can compare several images or single files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mellanox.com/support/firmware/mlxup-mft\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMellanox firmware update and query utility\u003c/a\u003e is a utility that enables scanning the server machine for available Mellanox adapters and indicates whether firmware update is required for each adapter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mellanox.com/products/adapter-software/flexboot\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMellanox FlexBoot\u003c/a\u003e is a multiprotocol remote boot technology that delivers unprecedented flexibility in how IT Managers can provision or repurpose their datacenter servers. FlexBoot enables remote boot over InfiniBand or Ethernet using Boot over InfiniBand, over Ethernet, or Boot over iSCSI (Bo-iSCSI). Combined with Virtual Protocol Interconnect (VPI) technologies available in ConnectX®-3 and onwards adapters, FlexBoot gives IT Managers the flexibility to deploy servers with one adapter card into InfiniBand or Ethernet networks with the ability to boot from LAN or remote storage targets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/qmk/qmk_toolbox\"\u003eQMK Toolbox\u003c/a\u003e is a Toolbox companion for \u003ca href=\"https://qmk.fm/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eQMK\u003c/a\u003e Firmware. It provides a collection of flashing tools packaged into one app. It supports auto-detection and auto-flashing of firmware to keyboards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware\"\u003eQMK(Quantum Mechanical Keyboard) Firmware\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source keyboard firmware for Atmel AVR and \u003ca href=\"https://www.arm.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eArm\u003c/a\u003e USB controllers, and more specifically, the \u003ca href=\"https://olkb.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOLKB product line\u003c/a\u003e, the \u003ca href=\"https://ergodox-ez.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eErgoDox EZ keyboard\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://clueboard.co/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eClueboard product line\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard\"\u003eTMK Keyboard Firmware\u003c/a\u003e is keyboard firmwares for Atmel AVR and \u003ca href=\"https://www.arm.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eArm\u003c/a\u003e Cortex-M.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eVirtualization\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-virtualization\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Virtualization\" href=\"#virtualization\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/virtualization_types.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHVM (Hardware Virtual Machine)\u003c/a\u003e is a virtualization type that provides the ability to run an operating system directly on top of a virtual machine without any modification, as if it were run on the bare-metal hardware.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Paravirtualization_(PV)\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePV(ParaVirtualization)\u003c/a\u003e is an efficient and lightweight virtualization technique introduced by the Xen Project team, later adopted by other virtualization solutions. PV does not require virtualization extensions from the host CPU and thus enables virtualization on hardware architectures that do not support Hardware-assisted virtualization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-vbs\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVirtualization-based Security (VBS)\u003c/a\u003e is a hardware virtualization feature to create and isolate a secure region of memory from the normal operating system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/bringup/device-guard-and-credential-guard\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHypervisor-Enforced Code Integrity (HVCI)\u003c/a\u003e is a mechanism whereby a hypervisor, such as Hyper-V, uses hardware virtualization to protect kernel-mode processes against the injection and execution of malicious or unverified code. Code integrity validation is performed in a secure environment that is resistant to attack from malicious software, and page permissions for kernel mode are set and maintained by the hypervisor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eKVM (for Kernel-based Virtual Machine)\u003c/a\u003e is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or AMD-V). It consists of a loadable kernel module, kvm.ko, that provides the core virtualization infrastructure and a processor specific module, kvm-intel.ko or kvm-amd.ko.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.qemu.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eQEMU\u003c/a\u003e is a fast processor emulator using a portable dynamic translator. QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It can be used to launch a different Operating System without rebooting the PC or to debug system code.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHyper-V\u003c/a\u003e enables running virtualized computer systems on top of a physical host. These virtualized systems can be used and managed just as if they were physical computer systems, however they exist in virtualized and isolated environment. Special software called a hypervisor manages access between the virtual systems and the physical hardware resources. Virtualization enables quick deployment of computer systems, a way to quickly restore systems to a previously known good state, and the ability to migrate systems between physical hosts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/virt-manager/virt-manager\"\u003eVirtManager\u003c/a\u003e is a graphical tool for managing virtual machines via libvirt. Most usage is with QEMU/KVM virtual machines, but Xen and libvirt LXC containers are well supported. Common operations for any libvirt driver should work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ovirt.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eoVirt\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source distributed virtualization solution, designed to manage your entire enterprise infrastructure. oVirt uses the trusted KVM hypervisor and is built upon several other community projects, including libvirt, Gluster, PatternFly, and Ansible.Founded by Red Hat as a community project on which Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization is based allowing for centralized management of virtual machines, compute, storage and networking resources, from an easy-to-use web-based front-end with platform independent access.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/moby/hyperkit\"\u003eHyperKit\u003c/a\u003e is a toolkit for embedding hypervisor capabilities in your application. It includes a complete hypervisor, based on \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mist64/xhyve\"\u003exhyve\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\"https://bhyve.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ebhyve\u003c/a\u003e, which is optimized for lightweight virtual machines and container deployment. It is designed to be interfaced with higher-level components such as the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/moby/vpnkit\"\u003eVPNKit\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/moby/datakit\"\u003eDataKit\u003c/a\u003e. HyperKit currently only supports macOS using the \u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/DriversKernelHardware/Reference/Hypervisor/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHypervisor.framework\u003c/a\u003e making it a core component of Docker Desktop for Mac.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/intel/gvt-linux\"\u003eIntel® Graphics Virtualization Technology (Intel® GVT)\u003c/a\u003e is a full GPU virtualization solution with mediated pass-through, starting from 4th generation Intel Core (TM) processors with Intel processor graphics(Broadwell and newer). It can be used to virtualize the GPU for multiple guest virtual machines, effectively providing near-native graphics performance in the virtual machine and still letting your host use the virtualized GPU normally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/hypervisor\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eApple Hypervisor\u003c/a\u003e is a frameowrk that builds virtualization solutions on top of a lightweight hypervisor, without third-party kernel extensions. Hypervisor provides C APIs so you can interact with virtualization technologies in user space, without writing kernel extensions (KEXTs). As a result, the apps you create using this framework are suitable for distribution on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.appstore.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMac App Store\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eApple Virtualization Framework\u003c/a\u003e is a framework that provides high-level APIs for creating and managing virtual machines on Apple silicon and Intel-based Mac computers. This framework is used to boot and run a Linux-based operating system in a custom environment that you define. It also supports the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redhat.com/en/virtio-networking-series\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVirtio specification\u003c/a\u003e, which defines standard interfaces for many device types, including network, socket, serial port, storage, entropy, and memory-balloon devices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/paravirtualizedgraphics\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eApple Paravirtualized Graphics Framework\u003c/a\u003e is a framework that implements hardware-accelerated graphics for macOS running in a virtual machine, hereafter known as the guest. The operating system provides a graphics driver that runs inside the guest, communicating with the framework in the host operating system to take advantage of Metal-accelerated graphics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cloud-hypervisor/cloud-hypervisor\"\u003eCloud Hypervisor\u003c/a\u003e is an open source Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) that runs on top of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/virtual/kvm/api.txt\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eKVM\u003c/a\u003e. The project focuses on exclusively running modern, cloud workloads, on top of a limited set of hardware architectures and platforms. Cloud workloads refers to those that are usually run by customers inside a cloud provider. Cloud Hypervisor is implemented in \u003ca href=\"https://www.rust-lang.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRust\u003c/a\u003e and is based on the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-vmm\"\u003erust-vmm\u003c/a\u003e crates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere-hypervisor.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVMware vSphere Hypervisor\u003c/a\u003e is a bare-metal hypervisor that virtualizes servers; allowing you to consolidate your applications while saving time and money managing your IT infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/xen-project/xen\"\u003eXen\u003c/a\u003e is focused on advancing virtualization in a number of different commercial and open source applications, including server virtualization, Infrastructure as a Services (IaaS), desktop virtualization, security applications, embedded and hardware appliances, and automotive/aviation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ganeti/ganeti\"\u003eGaneti\u003c/a\u003e is a virtual machine cluster management tool built on top of existing virtualization technologies such as Xen or KVM and other open source software. Once installed, the tool assumes management of the virtual instances (Xen DomU).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.packer.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePacker\u003c/a\u003e is an open source tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration. Packer is lightweight, runs on every major operating system, and is highly performant, creating machine images for multiple platforms in parallel. Packer does not replace configuration management like Chef or Puppet. In fact, when building images, Packer is able to use tools like Chef or Puppet to install software onto the image.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.vagrantup.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVagrant\u003c/a\u003e is a tool for building and managing virtual machine environments in a single workflow. With an easy-to-use workflow and focus on automation, Vagrant lowers development environment setup time, increases production parity, and makes the \"works on my machine\" excuse a relic of the past. It provides easy to configure, reproducible, and portable work environments built on top of industry-standard technology and controlled by a single consistent workflow to help maximize the productivity and flexibility of you and your team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.parallels.com\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eParallels Desktop\u003c/a\u003e is a Desktop Hypervisor that delivers the fastest, easiest and most powerful application for running Windows/Linux on Mac (including the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/11/apple-unleashes-m1/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eApple M1 chip\u003c/a\u003e) and ChromeOS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.vmware.com/products/fusion.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVMware Fusion\u003c/a\u003e is a Desktop Hypervisor that deliver desktop and ‘server’ virtual machines, containers and \u003ca href=\"https://www.vmware.com/topics/glossary/content/kubernetes-cluster\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eKubernetes clusters\u003c/a\u003e to developers, and IT professionals on the Mac.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-pro.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVMware Workstation\u003c/a\u003e is a hosted hypervisor that runs on x64 versions of Windows and Linux operating systems; it enables users to set up virtual machines on a single physical machine, and use them simultaneously along with the actual machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFile systems\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-file-systems\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: File systems\" href=\"#file-systems\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.gluster.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGlusterFS\u003c/a\u003e is a free and open source scalable network filesystem. Gluster is a scalable network filesystem. Using common off-the-shelf hardware, you can create large, distributed storage solutions for media streaming, data analysis, and other data- and bandwidth-intensive tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ceph.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCeph\u003c/a\u003e is a software-defined storage solution designed to address the object, block, and file storage needs of data centers adopting open source as the new norm for high-growth block storage, object stores and data lakes. Ceph provides enterprise scalable storage while keeping \u003ca href=\"https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/modeling/how-to-calculate-capex-formula/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCAPEX\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/operating_expense.asp\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOPEX\u003c/a\u003e costs in line with underlying bulk commodity disk prices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/analytics/hadoop/hdfs\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)\u003c/a\u003e is a distributed file system that handles large data sets running on commodity hardware. It is used to scale a single Apache Hadoop cluster to hundreds (and even thousands) of nodes. HDFS is one of the major components of Apache Hadoop, the others being \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/analytics/hadoop/mapreduce\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMapReduce\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/YARN.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eYARN\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/819-5461/zfsover-2/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eZFS\u003c/a\u003e is an enterprise-ready open source file system and volume manager with unprecedented flexibility and an uncompromising commitment to data integrity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://openzfs.org/wiki/Main_Page\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOpenZFS\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source storage platform. It includes the functionality of both traditional file systems and volume manager. It has many advanced features including:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtection against data corruption.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrity checking for both data and metadata.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinuous integrity verification and automatic \"self-healing\" repair.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eBtrfs\u003c/a\u003e is a modern copy on write (CoW) filesystem for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while also focusing on fault tolerance, repair and easy administration. Its main features and benefits are:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSnapshots which do not make the full copy of files\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRAID - support for software-based RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-healing - checksums for data and metadata, automatic detection of silent data corruptions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/squashfs.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSquashfs\u003c/a\u003e is a compressed read-only filesystem for Linux. It uses zlib, lz4, lzo, or xz compression to compress files, inodes and directories. Inodes in the system are very small and all blocks are packed to minimize data overhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/guide/disk-utility/file-system-formats-available-in-disk-utility-dsku19ed921c/mac\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eApple File System (APFS)\u003c/a\u003e is the default file system for Mac computers using macOS 10.13 or later, features strong encryption, space sharing, snapshots, fast directory sizing, and improved file system fundamentals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/file-server/ntfs-overview\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNTFS(New Technology File System)\u003c/a\u003e is the primary file system for recent versions of Windows and Windows Server—provides a full set of features including security descriptors, encryption, disk quotas, and rich metadata, and can be used with Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV) to provide continuously available volumes that can be accessed simultaneously from multiple nodes of a failover cluster.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/exfat-specification\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eexFAT(Extended File Allocation Table )\u003c/a\u003e is the file system that was the successor to FAT32 in the FAT family of file systems. It was optimized for flash memory such as USB flash drives and SD cards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSecurity Tools and Frameworks\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-security-tools-and-frameworks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Security Tools and Frameworks\" href=\"#security-tools-and-frameworks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSecurity Standards, Frameworks and Benchmarks\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-security-standards-frameworks-and-benchmarks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Security Standards, Frameworks and Benchmarks\" href=\"#security-standards-frameworks-and-benchmarks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://public.cyber.mil/stigs/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSTIGs Benchmarks - Security Technical Implementation Guides\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cisecurity.org/cis-benchmarks/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCIS Benchmarks - CIS Center for Internet Security\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nist.gov/itl/current-fips\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNIST - Current FIPS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.iso.org/standards.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eISO Standards Catalogue\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.commoncriteriaportal.org/cc/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCommon Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation (CC)\u003c/a\u003e is an international standard (ISO / IEC 15408) for computer security. It allows an objective evaluation to validate that a particular product satisfies a defined set of security requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.iso.org/en/contents/data/standard/07/51/75106.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eISO 22301\u003c/a\u003e is the international standard that provides a best-practice framework for implementing an optimised BCMS (business continuity management system).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.iso.org/isoiec-27001-information-security.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eISO27001\u003c/a\u003e is the international standard that describes the requirements for an ISMS (information security management system). The framework is designed to help organizations manage their security practices in one place, consistently and cost-effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.iso.org/en/contents/data/standard/07/16/71670.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eISO 27701\u003c/a\u003e specifies the requirements for a PIMS (privacy information management system) based on the requirements of ISO 27001.\nIt is extended by a set of privacy-specific requirements, control objectives and controls. Companies that have implemented ISO 27001 will be able to use ISO 27701 to extend their security efforts to cover privacy management.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://gdpr.eu/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEU GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)\u003c/a\u003e is a privacy and data protection law that supersedes existing national data protection laws across the EU, bringing uniformity by introducing just one main data protection law for companies/organizations to comply with.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act)\u003c/a\u003e is a data privacy law that took effect on January 1, 2020 in the State of California. It applies to businesses that collect California residents’ personal information, and its privacy requirements are similar to those of the EU’s GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/offering-pci-dss\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePayment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards (DSS)\u003c/a\u003e is a global information security standard designed to prevent fraud through increased control of credit card data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.aicpa.org/interestareas/frc/assuranceadvisoryservices/aicpasoc2report.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSOC 2\u003c/a\u003e is an auditing procedure that ensures your service providers securely manage your data to protect the interests of your comapny/organization and the privacy of their clients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nist.gov/national-security-standards\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNIST CSF\u003c/a\u003e is a voluntary framework primarily intended for critical infrastructure organizations to manage and mitigate cybersecurity risk based on existing best practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSecurity Tools\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-security-tools\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Security Tools\" href=\"#security-tools\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/netdata/netdata\"\u003eNetdata\u003c/a\u003e is high-fidelity infrastructure monitoring and troubleshooting, real-time monitoring Agent collects thousands of metrics from systems, hardware, containers, and applications with zero configuration. It runs permanently on all your physical/virtual servers, containers, cloud deployments, and edge/IoT devices, and is perfectly safe to install on your systems mid-incident without any preparation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://hex-rays.com/IDA-pro/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIDA Pro(Interactive DisAssembler Professional)\u003c/a\u003e is a programmable and multi-processor disassembler combined with a local/remote debugger and along with a complete plugin programming environment. It's a great tool for testing and discovering security vulnerabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra\"\u003eGhidra\u003c/a\u003e is a software reverse engineering (SRE) framework developed by NSA's Research Directorate for NSA's cybersecurity mission. It helps analyze any malicious code and malware like viruses, and can give cybersecurity professionals a better understanding of potential vulnerabilities in their networks and systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/datawave\"\u003eDataWave\u003c/a\u003e is an ingest/query framework that leverages \u003ca href=\"https://accumulo.apache.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eApache Accumulo\u003c/a\u003e to provide fast, secure data access.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/emissary\"\u003eEmissary\u003c/a\u003e is a P2P based data-driven workflow engine that runs in a heterogeneous possibly widely dispersed, multi-tiered P2P network of compute resources. Workflow itineraries are not pre-planned as in conventional workflow engines, but are discovered as more information is discovered about the data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/MADCert\"\u003eMADCert\u003c/a\u003e is a cross-platform tool that consists of a certificate generator, a file system certificate manager, and a command line interface for the purposes of testing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Netflix/bless\"\u003eBLESS(Bastion's Lambda Ephemeral SSH Service)\u003c/a\u003e is an SSH Certificate Authority that runs as an AWS Lambda function and is used to sign SSH public keys.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Netflix/zuul\"\u003eZuul\u003c/a\u003e is an \u003ca href=\"https://www.f5.com/services/resources/glossary/application-layer-gateway\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eL7 application gateway\u003c/a\u003e that provides capabilities for dynamic routing, monitoring, resiliency, security, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Netflix/chaosmonkey\"\u003eChaos Monkey\u003c/a\u003e is a resiliency tool that helps applications tolerate random instance failures. It is fully integrated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spinnaker.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSpinnaker\u003c/a\u003e, the continuous delivery platform. Chaos Monkey will work with any backend that Spinnaker supports (AWS, Google Compute Engine, Azure, Kubernetes, Cloud Foundry).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Netflix/Priam\"\u003ePriam\u003c/a\u003e is a tool/process for backup/recovery, Token Management, and Centralized Configuration management for Cassandra.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Netflix/vector\"\u003eVector\u003c/a\u003e is an on-host performance monitoring framework which exposes hand picked high resolution metrics to every engineer’s browser.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/cgroups-part-one\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eControl Groups(Cgroups)\u003c/a\u003e is a Linux kernel feature that allows you to allocate resources such as CPU time, system memory, network bandwidth, or any combination of these resources for user-defined groups of tasks (processes) running on a system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.gnupg.org/related_software/libgcrypt/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLibgcrypt\u003c/a\u003e is a general purpose cryptographic library originally based on code from GnuPG.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.aircrack-ng.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAircrack-ng\u003c/a\u003e is a network software suite consisting of a detector, packet sniffer, WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK cracker and analysis tool for 802.11 wireless LANs. It works with any wireless network interface controller whose driver supports raw monitoring mode and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g traffic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://portswigger.net/burp\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eBurp Suite\u003c/a\u003e is a leading range of cybersecurity tools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cilium.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCilium\u003c/a\u003e uses eBPF to accelerate getting data in and out of L7 proxies such as Envoy, enabling efficient visibility into API protocols like HTTP, gRPC, and Kafka.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cilium/hubble\"\u003eHubble\u003c/a\u003e is a Network, Service \u0026amp; Security Observability for Kubernetes using eBPF.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://istio.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIstio\u003c/a\u003e is an open platform to connect, manage, and secure microservices. Istio's control plane provides an abstraction layer over the underlying cluster management platform, such as Kubernetes and Mesos.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cilium/certgen\"\u003eCertgen\u003c/a\u003e is a convenience tool to generate and store certificates for Hubble Relay mTLS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://scapy.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eScapy\u003c/a\u003e is a python-based interactive packet manipulation program \u0026amp; library.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/syzkaller\"\u003esyzkaller\u003c/a\u003e is an unsupervised, coverage-guided kernel fuzzer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/schedviz\"\u003eSchedViz\u003c/a\u003e is a tool for gathering and visualizing kernel scheduling traces on Linux machines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eoss-fuzz\u003c/a\u003e aims to make common open source software more secure and stable by combining modern fuzzing techniques with scalable, distributed execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ossec.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOSSEC\u003c/a\u003e is a free, open-source host-based intrusion detection system. It performs log analysis, integrity checking, Windows registry monitoring, rootkit detection, time-based alerting, and active response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.metasploit.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMetasploit Project\u003c/a\u003e is a computer security project that provides information about security vulnerabilities and aids in penetration testing and IDS signature development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/xmendez/wfuzz\"\u003eWfuzz\u003c/a\u003e was created to facilitate the task in web applications assessments and it is based on a simple concept: it replaces any reference to the FUZZ keyword by the value of a given payload.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://nmap.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNmap\u003c/a\u003e is a security scanner used to discover hosts and services on a computer network, thus building a \"map\" of the network.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/getpatchwork/patchwork\"\u003ePatchwork\u003c/a\u003e is a web-based patch tracking system designed to facilitate the contribution and management of contributions to an open-source project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pfsense.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epfSense\u003c/a\u003e is a free and open source firewall and router that also features unified threat management, load balancing, multi WAN, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.snort.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSnort\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source, free and lightweight network intrusion detection system (NIDS) software for Linux and Windows to detect emerging threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.wireshark.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWireshark\u003c/a\u003e is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.open-scap.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOpenSCAP\u003c/a\u003e is U.S. standard maintained by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nist.gov/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)\u003c/a\u003e. It provides multiple tools to assist administrators and auditors with assessment, measurement, and enforcement of security baselines. OpenSCAP maintains great flexibility and interoperability by reducing the costs of performing security audits. Whether you want to evaluate DISA STIGs, NIST‘s USGCB, or Red Hat’s Security Response Team’s content, all are supported by OpenSCAP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/tink\"\u003eTink\u003c/a\u003e is a multi-language, cross-platform, open source library that provides cryptographic APIs that are secure, easy to use correctly, and harder to misuse.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Main_Page\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOWASP\u003c/a\u003e is an online community, produces freely-available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the field of web application security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://oval.mitre.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOpen Vulnerability and Assessment Language\u003c/a\u003e is a community effort to standardize how to assess and report upon the machine state of computer systems. OVAL includes a language to encode system details, and community repositories of content. Tools and services that use OVAL provide enterprises with accurate, consistent, and actionable information to improve their security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNetworking\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-networking\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Networking\" href=\"#networking\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/82833053-d1687b80-9e71-11ea-8c6d-074100f2f54b.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/82833053-d1687b80-9e71-11ea-8c6d-074100f2f54b.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNetwork Learning Resources\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-network-learning-resources\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Network Learning Resources\" href=\"#network-learning-resources\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aws.amazon.com/certification/certified-security-specialty/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAWS Certified Security - Specialty Certification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/certifications/azure-security-engineer\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft Certified: Azure Security Engineer Associate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cloud.google.com/certification/cloud-security-engineer\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGoogle Cloud Certified Professional Cloud Security Engineer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-certifications/certifications/security.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCisco Security Certifications\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.redhat.com/en/services/training/ex415-red-hat-certified-specialist-security-linux-exam\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eThe Red Hat Certified Specialist in Security: Linux\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-3-303-overview\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLinux Professional Institute LPIC-3 Enterprise Security Certification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/skills/topics/cybersecurity/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCybersecurity Training and Courses from IBM Skills\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.offensive-security.com/courses-and-certifications/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCybersecurity Courses and Certifications by Offensive Security\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://training.citrix.com/cms/index.php/certification/networking/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCitrix Certified Associate – Networking(CCA-N)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/training/certification-prep/brands/citrix/section/virtualization/citrix-certified-professional-virtualization-ccp-v/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCitrix Certified Professional – Virtualization(CCP-V)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/s/ccnp-enterprise\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCCNP Routing and Switching\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/cism\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCertified Information Security Manager(CISM)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.wiresharktraining.com/certification.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWireshark Certified Network Analyst (WCNA)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.juniper.net/us/en/training/certification/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJuniper Networks Certification Program Enterprise (JNCP)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/browse/information-technology/networking\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNetworking courses and specializations from Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udemy.com/courses/it-and-software/network-and-security/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNetwork \u0026amp; Security Courses from Udemy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.edx.org/learn/cybersecurity\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNetwork \u0026amp; Security Courses from edX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNetworking Tools \u0026amp; Concepts\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-networking-tools--concepts\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Networking Tools \u0026amp; Concepts\" href=\"#networking-tools--concepts\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://curl.se/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ecURL\u003c/a\u003e is a computer software project providing a library and command-line tool for transferring data using various network protocols(HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, DICT, TELNET, LDAP LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP or SMTPS). cURL is also used in cars, television sets, routers, printers, audio equipment, mobile phones, tablets, settop boxes, media players and is the Internet transfer engine for thousands of software applications in over ten billion installations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/curl/curl-fuzzer\"\u003ecURL Fuzzer\u003c/a\u003e is a quality assurance testing for the curl project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/curl/doh\"\u003eDoH\u003c/a\u003e is a stand-alone application for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS) name resolves and lookups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/httpie/httpie\"\u003eHTTPie\u003c/a\u003e is a command-line HTTP client. Its goal is to make CLI interaction with web services as human-friendly as possible. HTTPie is designed for testing, debugging, and generally interacting with APIs \u0026amp; HTTP servers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/reorx/httpstat\"\u003eHTTPStat\u003c/a\u003e is a tool that visualizes curl statistics in a simple layout.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/asciimoo/wuzz\"\u003eWuzz\u003c/a\u003e is an interactive cli tool for HTTP inspection. It can be used to inspect/modify requests copied from the browser's network inspector with the \"copy as cURL\" feature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/vi/websocat\"\u003eWebsocat\u003c/a\u003e is a ommand-line client for WebSockets, like netcat (or curl) for ws:// with advanced socat-like functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"• Connection: In networking, a connection refers to pieces of related information that are transferred through a network. This generally infers that a connection is built before the data transfer (by following the procedures laid out in a protocol) and then is deconstructed at the at the end of the data transfer.\n\n• Packet: A packet is, generally speaking, the most basic unit that is transferred over a network. When communicating over a network, packets are the envelopes that carry your data (in pieces) from one end point to the other.\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e• Connection: In networking, a connection refers to pieces of related information that are transferred through a network. This generally infers that a connection is built before the data transfer (by following the procedures laid out in a protocol) and then is deconstructed at the at the end of the data transfer.\n\n• Packet: A packet is, generally speaking, the most basic unit that is transferred over a network. When communicating over a network, packets are the envelopes that carry your data (in pieces) from one end point to the other.\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePackets have a header portion that contains information about the packet including the source and destination, timestamps, network hops. The main portion of a packet contains the actual data being transferred. It is sometimes called the body or the payload.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"• Network Interface: A network interface can refer to any kind of software interface to networking hardware. For instance, if you have two network cards in your computer, you can control and configure each network interface associated with them individually.\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e• Network Interface: A network interface can refer to any kind of software interface to networking hardware. For instance, if you have two network cards in your computer, you can control and configure each network interface associated with them individually.\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA network interface may be associated with a physical device, or it may be a representation of a virtual interface. The \"loop-back\" device, which is a virtual interface to the local machine, is an example of this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"• LAN: LAN stands for \u0026quot;local area network\u0026quot;. It refers to a network or a portion of a network that is not publicly accessible to the greater internet. A home or office network is an example of a LAN.\n\n• WAN: WAN stands for \u0026quot;wide area network\u0026quot;. It means a network that is much more extensive than a LAN. While WAN is the relevant term to use to describe large, dispersed networks in general, it is usually meant to mean the internet, as a whole.\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e• LAN: LAN stands for \"local area network\". It refers to a network or a portion of a network that is not publicly accessible to the greater internet. A home or office network is an example of a LAN.\n\n• WAN: WAN stands for \"wide area network\". It means a network that is much more extensive than a LAN. While WAN is the relevant term to use to describe large, dispersed networks in general, it is usually meant to mean the internet, as a whole.\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf an interface is connected to the WAN, it is generally assumed that it is reachable through the internet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"• Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that basically define a language that devices can use to communicate. There are a great number of protocols in use extensively in networking, and they are often implemented in different layers.\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e• Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that basically define a language that devices can use to communicate. There are a great number of protocols in use extensively in networking, and they are often implemented in different layers.\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSome low level protocols are TCP, UDP, IP, and ICMP. Some familiar examples of application layer protocols, built on these lower protocols, are HTTP (for accessing web content), SSH, TLS/SSL, and FTP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"• Port: A port is an address on a single machine that can be tied to a specific piece of software. It is not a physical interface or location, but it allows your server to be able to communicate using more than one application.\n\n• Firewall: A firewall is a program that decides whether traffic coming into a server or going out should be allowed. A firewall usually works by creating rules for which type of traffic is acceptable on which ports. Generally, firewalls block ports that are not used by a specific application on a server.\n\n• NAT: Network address translation is a way to translate requests that are incoming into a routing server to the relevant devices or servers that it knows about in the LAN. This is usually implemented in physical LANs as a way to route requests through one IP address to the necessary backend servers.\n\n• VPN: Virtual private network is a means of connecting separate LANs through the internet, while maintaining privacy. This is used as a means of connecting remote systems as if they were on a local network, often for security reasons.\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e• Port: A port is an address on a single machine that can be tied to a specific piece of software. It is not a physical interface or location, but it allows your server to be able to communicate using more than one application.\n\n• Firewall: A firewall is a program that decides whether traffic coming into a server or going out should be allowed. A firewall usually works by creating rules for which type of traffic is acceptable on which ports. Generally, firewalls block ports that are not used by a specific application on a server.\n\n• NAT: Network address translation is a way to translate requests that are incoming into a routing server to the relevant devices or servers that it knows about in the LAN. This is usually implemented in physical LANs as a way to route requests through one IP address to the necessary backend servers.\n\n• VPN: Virtual private network is a means of connecting separate LANs through the internet, while maintaining privacy. This is used as a means of connecting remote systems as if they were on a local network, often for security reasons.\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNetwork Layers\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-network-layers\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Network Layers\" href=\"#network-layers\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"While networking is often discussed in terms of topology in a horizontal way, between hosts, its implementation is layered in a vertical fashion throughout a computer or network. This means is that there are multiple technologies and protocols that are built on top of each other in order for communication to function more easily. Each successive, higher layer abstracts the raw data a little bit more, and makes it simpler to use for applications and users. It also allows you to leverage lower layers in new ways without having to invest the time and energy to develop the protocols and applications that handle those types of traffic.\n\nAs data is sent out of one machine, it begins at the top of the stack and filters downwards. At the lowest level, actual transmission to another machine takes place. At this point, the data travels back up through the layers of the other computer. Each layer has the ability to add its own \u0026quot;wrapper\u0026quot; around the data that it receives from the adjacent layer, which will help the layers that come after decide what to do with the data when it is passed off.\n\nOne method of talking about the different layers of network communication is the OSI model. OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect.This model defines seven separate layers. The layers in this model are:\n\n• Application: The application layer is the layer that the users and user-applications most often interact with. Network communication is discussed in terms of availability of resources, partners to communicate with, and data synchronization.\n\n• Presentation: The presentation layer is responsible for mapping resources and creating context. It is used to translate lower level networking data into data that applications expect to see.\n\n• Session: The session layer is a connection handler. It creates, maintains, and destroys connections between nodes in a persistent way.\n\n• Transport: The transport layer is responsible for handing the layers above it a reliable connection. In this context, reliable refers to the ability to verify that a piece of data was received intact at the other end of the connection. This layer can resend information that has been dropped or corrupted and can acknowledge the receipt of data to remote computers.\n\n• Network: The network layer is used to route data between different nodes on the network. It uses addresses to be able to tell which computer to send information to. This layer can also break apart larger messages into smaller chunks to be reassembled on the opposite end.\n\n• Data Link: This layer is implemented as a method of establishing and maintaining reliable links between different nodes or devices on a network using existing physical connections.\n\n• Physical: The physical layer is responsible for handling the actual physical devices that are used to make a connection. This layer involves the bare software that manages physical connections as well as the hardware itself (like Ethernet).\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eWhile networking is often discussed in terms of topology in a horizontal way, between hosts, its implementation is layered in a vertical fashion throughout a computer or network. This means is that there are multiple technologies and protocols that are built on top of each other in order for communication to function more easily. Each successive, higher layer abstracts the raw data a little bit more, and makes it simpler to use for applications and users. It also allows you to leverage lower layers in new ways without having to invest the time and energy to develop the protocols and applications that handle those types of traffic.\n\nAs data is sent out of one machine, it begins at the top of the stack and filters downwards. At the lowest level, actual transmission to another machine takes place. At this point, the data travels back up through the layers of the other computer. Each layer has the ability to add its own \"wrapper\" around the data that it receives from the adjacent layer, which will help the layers that come after decide what to do with the data when it is passed off.\n\nOne method of talking about the different layers of network communication is the OSI model. OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect.This model defines seven separate layers. The layers in this model are:\n\n• Application: The application layer is the layer that the users and user-applications most often interact with. Network communication is discussed in terms of availability of resources, partners to communicate with, and data synchronization.\n\n• Presentation: The presentation layer is responsible for mapping resources and creating context. It is used to translate lower level networking data into data that applications expect to see.\n\n• Session: The session layer is a connection handler. It creates, maintains, and destroys connections between nodes in a persistent way.\n\n• Transport: The transport layer is responsible for handing the layers above it a reliable connection. In this context, reliable refers to the ability to verify that a piece of data was received intact at the other end of the connection. This layer can resend information that has been dropped or corrupted and can acknowledge the receipt of data to remote computers.\n\n• Network: The network layer is used to route data between different nodes on the network. It uses addresses to be able to tell which computer to send information to. This layer can also break apart larger messages into smaller chunks to be reassembled on the opposite end.\n\n• Data Link: This layer is implemented as a method of establishing and maintaining reliable links between different nodes or devices on a network using existing physical connections.\n\n• Physical: The physical layer is responsible for handling the actual physical devices that are used to make a connection. This layer involves the bare software that manages physical connections as well as the hardware itself (like Ethernet).\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe TCP/IP model, more commonly known as the Internet protocol suite, is another layering model that is simpler and has been widely adopted.It defines the four separate layers, some of which overlap with the OSI model:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"• Application: In this model, the application layer is responsible for creating and transmitting user data between applications. The applications can be on remote systems, and should appear to operate as if locally to the end user.\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e• Application: In this model, the application layer is responsible for creating and transmitting user data between applications. The applications can be on remote systems, and should appear to operate as if locally to the end user.\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe communication takes place between peers network.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"• Transport: The transport layer is responsible for communication between processes. This level of networking utilizes ports to address different services. It can build up unreliable or reliable connections depending on the type of protocol used.\n\n• Internet: The internet layer is used to transport data from node to node in a network. This layer is aware of the endpoints of the connections, but does not worry about the actual connection needed to get from one place to another. IP addresses are defined in this layer as a way of reaching remote systems in an addressable manner.\n\n• Link: The link layer implements the actual topology of the local network that allows the internet layer to present an addressable interface. It establishes connections between neighboring nodes to send data.\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e• Transport: The transport layer is responsible for communication between processes. This level of networking utilizes ports to address different services. It can build up unreliable or reliable connections depending on the type of protocol used.\n\n• Internet: The internet layer is used to transport data from node to node in a network. This layer is aware of the endpoints of the connections, but does not worry about the actual connection needed to get from one place to another. IP addresses are defined in this layer as a way of reaching remote systems in an addressable manner.\n\n• Link: The link layer implements the actual topology of the local network that allows the internet layer to present an addressable interface. It establishes connections between neighboring nodes to send data.\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eInterfaces\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-interfaces\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Interfaces\" href=\"#interfaces\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterfaces\u003c/strong\u003e are networking communication points for your computer. Each interface is associated with a physical or virtual networking device. Typically, your server will have one configurable network interface for each Ethernet or wireless internet card you have. In addition, it will define a virtual network interface called the \"loopback\" or localhost interface. This is used as an interface to connect applications and processes on a single computer to other applications and processes. You can see this referenced as the \"lo\" interface in many tools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNetwork Protocols\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-network-protocols\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Network Protocols\" href=\"#network-protocols\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNetworking works by piggybacks on a number of different protocols on top of each other. In this way, one piece of data can be transmitted using multiple protocols encapsulated within one another.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedia Access Control(MAC)\u003c/strong\u003e is a communications protocol that is used to distinguish specific devices. Each device is supposed to get a unique MAC address during the manufacturing process that differentiates it from every other device on the internet. Addressing hardware by the MAC address allows you to reference a device by a unique value even when the software on top may change the name for that specific device during operation. Media access control is one of the only protocols from the link layer that you are likely to interact with on a regular basis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe IP protocol\u003c/strong\u003e is one of the fundamental protocols that allow the internet to work. IP addresses are unique on each network and they allow machines to address each other across a network. It is implemented on the internet layer in the IP/TCP model. Networks can be linked together, but traffic must be routed when crossing network boundaries. This protocol assumes an unreliable network and multiple paths to the same destination that it can dynamically change between. There are a number of different implementations of the protocol. The most common implementation today is IPv4, although IPv6 is growing in popularity as an alternative due to the scarcity of IPv4 addresses available and improvements in the protocols capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eICMP: internet control message protocol\u003c/strong\u003e is used to send messages between devices to indicate the availability or error conditions. These packets are used in a variety of network diagnostic tools, such as ping and traceroute. Usually ICMP packets are transmitted when a packet of a different kind meets some kind of a problem. Basically, they are used as a feedback mechanism for network communications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTCP: Transmission control protocol\u003c/strong\u003e is implemented in the transport layer of the IP/TCP model and is used to establish reliable connections. TCP is one of the protocols that encapsulates data into packets. It then transfers these to the remote end of the connection using the methods available on the lower layers. On the other end, it can check for errors, request certain pieces to be resent, and reassemble the information into one logical piece to send to the application layer. The protocol builds up a connection prior to data transfer using a system called a three-way handshake. This is a way for the two ends of the communication to acknowledge the request and agree upon a method of ensuring data reliability. After the data has been sent, the connection is torn down using a similar four-way handshake. TCP is the protocol of choice for many of the most popular uses for the internet, including WWW, FTP, SSH, and email. It is safe to say that the internet we know today would not be here without TCP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUDP: User datagram protocol\u003c/strong\u003e is a popular companion protocol to TCP and is also implemented in the transport layer. The fundamental difference between UDP and TCP is that UDP offers unreliable data transfer. It does not verify that data has been received on the other end of the connection. This might sound like a bad thing, and for many purposes, it is. However, it is also extremely important for some functions. It’s not required to wait for confirmation that the data was received and forced to resend data, UDP is much faster than TCP. It does not establish a connection with the remote host, it simply fires off the data to that host and doesn't care if it is accepted or not. Since UDP is a simple transaction, it is useful for simple communications like querying for network resources. It also doesn't maintain a state, which makes it great for transmitting data from one machine to many real-time clients. This makes it ideal for VOIP, games, and other applications that cannot afford delays.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHTTP: Hypertext transfer protocol\u003c/strong\u003e is a protocol defined in the application layer that forms the basis for communication on the web. HTTP defines a number of functions that tell the remote system what you are requesting. For instance, GET, POST, and DELETE all interact with the requested data in a different way.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFTP: File transfer protocol\u003c/strong\u003e is in the application layer and provides a way of transferring complete files from one host to another. It is inherently insecure, so it is not recommended for any externally facing network unless it is implemented as a public, download-only resource.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDNS: Domain name system\u003c/strong\u003e is an application layer protocol used to provide a human-friendly naming mechanism for internet resources. It is what ties a domain name to an IP address and allows you to access sites by name in your browser.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSH: Secure shell\u003c/strong\u003e is an encrypted protocol implemented in the application layer that can be used to communicate with a remote server in a secure way. Many additional technologies are built around this protocol because of its end-to-end encryption and ubiquity. There are many other protocols that we haven't covered that are equally important. However, this should give you a good overview of some of the fundamental technologies that make the internet and networking possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jwt.io\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJSON Web Token (JWT)\u003c/a\u003e is a compact URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The claims in a JWT are encoded as a JSON object that is digitally signed using JSON Web Signature (JWS).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://oauth.net/2/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOAuth 2.0\u003c/a\u003e is an open source authorization framework that enables applications to obtain limited access to user accounts on an HTTP service, such as Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter GitHub, and DigitalOcean. It works by delegating user authentication to the service that hosts the user account, and authorizing third-party applications to access the user account.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAssembly Development\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-assembly-development\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Assembly Development\" href=\"#assembly-development\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/101415607-18154480-389d-11eb-80e8-17a5c57e480f.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/101415607-18154480-389d-11eb-80e8-17a5c57e480f.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAssembly Learning Resources\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-assembly-learning-resources\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Assembly Learning Resources\" href=\"#assembly-learning-resources\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAssembly\u003c/a\u003e is a low-level programming language. It uses mnemonic codes and labels to represent machine-level code with each instruction corresponding to just one machine operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://riscv.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRISC-V Foundation\u003c/a\u003e is a non-profit corporation controlled by its 500 members(NVIDIA, Google, Samsung, Raspberry Pi, SiFive, Canonical, and Western Digital) to drive forward the adoption and implementation of the free and open RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/intel-sdm.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/introduction-to-x64-assembly.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntroduction to x64 Assembly from Intel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19120-01/open.solaris/817-5477/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ex86 Assembly Language Reference Manual for Open Solaris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/40332.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 1-5\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://gpuopen.com/documentation/amd-isa-documentation/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAMD GPU ISA documentation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://developer.amd.com/resources/developer-guides-manuals/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAMD Developer Guides, Manuals, and ISA Documents\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.asma400/asmr102112.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAssembler language from IBM\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/zosbasics/com.ibm.zos.zappldev/zappldev_25.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eThe Assembler language on z/OS from IBM\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wavecomp.ai/mips-technology/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMIPS Architecture \u0026amp; Technology from Wave Computing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/assembly/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAssemblies in .NET\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/assembler/masm/microsoft-macro-assembler-reference\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft Macro Assembler reference\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/intrinsics/compiler-intrinsics-and-assembly-language\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCompiler Intrinsics and Assembly Language from Microsoft\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ex86 and amd64 instruction Reference\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cs.lmu.edu/~ray/notes/x86assembly/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntro to x86 Assembly Language Programming\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udemy.com/topic/assembly-language/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn Assembly Programming courses on Udemy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/lecture/build-a-computer/unit-6-1-assembly-languages-and-assemblers-l4EGm\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAssembly Languages and Assemblers courses on Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-004-computation-structures-spring-2017/index.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntro to Assembly Language from MIT\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAssembly Tools \u0026amp; Architectures\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-assembly-tools--architectures\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Assembly Tools \u0026amp; Architectures\" href=\"#assembly-tools--architectures\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/server-and-hpc/compile/arm-instruction-emulator/resources/tutorials\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eArm Instruction Emulator (ArmIE)\u003c/a\u003e is a tool that emulates Scalable Vector Extension (SVE) and SVE2 instructions on AArch64/ARM64 platforms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://flatassembler.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFASM (flat assembler)\u003c/a\u003e is an assembler for x86 processors that supports Intel-based assembly language on the IA-32 and x86-64 computer architectures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/assembler/masm/masm-for-x64-ml64-exe\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft Assembler (MASM) for x64\u003c/a\u003e is Microsoft's assembler that accepts x64 assembler language.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/xsro/masm-tasm\"\u003eMASM/TASM\u003c/a\u003e is a VSCode extension that offers a way to run and debug DOS(80x86) assembly TASM/MASM through DOSBox and msdos-player.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://nasm.us/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNASM\u003c/a\u003e is an asssembler/disassembler for the x86 CPU architecture portable to nearly every modern platform, and with code generation for many platforms old and new.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGAS\u003c/a\u003e is the assembler used by the GNU Project for the default back-end of GCC. It is used to assemble the GNU operating system and the Linux kernel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_Technologies\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMIPS\u003c/a\u003e is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.mips.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMIPS Technologies, Inc.\u003c/a\u003e. In June 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.top500.org/news/mips-acquired-by-ai-startup-wave-computing/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMIPS was Acquired by AI Startup Wave Computing\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/llvm/\"\u003eLLVM\u003c/a\u003e is a library that has collection of modular/reusable compiler and toolchain components (assemblers, compilers, debuggers, etc.). With these components LLVM can be used as a compiler framework, providing a front-end(parser and lexer) and a back-end (code that converts LLVM's representation to actual machine code).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://tinygo.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTinyGo\u003c/a\u003e is a Go compiler(based on LLVM) intended for use in small places such as microcontrollers, WebAssembly (Wasm), and command-line tools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.tockos.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTock\u003c/a\u003e is an embedded operating system designed for running multiple concurrent, mutually distrustful applications on Cortex-M and RISC-V based embedded platforms. Tock's design centers around protection, both from potentially malicious applications and from device drivers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://platformio.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePlatformIO\u003c/a\u003e is a professional collaborative platform for embedded development with no vendor lock-in. It provides support for multiplatforms and frameworks such as IoT, Arduino, CMSIS, ESP-IDF, FreeRTOS, libOpenCM3, mbed OS, Pulp OS, SPL, STM32Cube, Zephyr RTOS, ARM, AVR, Espressif (ESP8266/ESP32), FPGA, MCS-51 (8051), MSP430, Nordic (nRF51/nRF52), NXP i.MX RT, PIC32, RISC-V.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=platformio.platformio-ide\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePlatformIO for VSCode\u003c/a\u003e is a plugin that provides support for the PlatformIO IDE on VSCode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/keystone-engine/keystone\"\u003eKeystone\u003c/a\u003e is a lightweight multi-platform, multi-architecture(Arm, Arm64, Hexagon, Mips, PowerPC, Sparc, SystemZ \u0026amp; X86) assembler framework.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/unicorn-engine/unicorn\"\u003eUnicorn\u003c/a\u003e is a lightweight, multi-platform, multi-architecture CPU emulator framework(ARM, AArch64, M68K, Mips, Sparc, X86) based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.qemu.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eQEMU\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eC/C++ Development\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-cc-development\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: C/C++ Development\" href=\"#cc-development\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/115297894-961e0d80-a111-11eb-81c3-e2bd2ac9a7cd.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/115297894-961e0d80-a111-11eb-81c3-e2bd2ac9a7cd.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eC/C++ Learning Resources\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-cc-learning-resources\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: C/C++ Learning Resources\" href=\"#cc-learning-resources\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++\u003c/a\u003e is a cross-platform language that can be used to build high-performance applications developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.iso.org/standard/74528.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC\u003c/a\u003e is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs. It supports structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. C also provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions, which makes it one was of the most widely used programming languages today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_C\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEmbedded C\u003c/a\u003e is a set of language extensions for the C programming language by the \u003ca href=\"https://isocpp.org/std/the-committee\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC Standards Committee\u003c/a\u003e to address issues that exist between C extensions for different \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eembedded systems\u003c/a\u003e. The extensions hep enhance microprocessor features such as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations. This makes Embedded C the most popular embedded software language in the world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/cpp/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC \u0026amp; C++ Developer Tools from JetBrains\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/links/libs\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOpen source C++ libraries on cppreference.com\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cpp.libhunt.com/libs/graphics\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Graphics libraries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/call-cpp-library-functions.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Libraries in MATLAB\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cplusplus.com/articles/tools/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Tools and Libraries Articles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGoogle C++ Style Guide\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://developers.google.com/edu/c++/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntroduction C++ Education course on Google Developers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/development/languages/c-cpp/cpp-style\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ style guide for Fuchsia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/rm/c_cpp_coding_style/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC and C++ Coding Style Guide by OpenTitan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/styleguide/c++/c++.md\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eChromium C++ Style Guide\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md\"\u003eC++ Core Guidelines\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://wiki.ros.org/CppStyleGuide\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Style Guide for ROS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.learncpp.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn C++\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.learn-c.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn C : An Interactive C Tutorial\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cppinstitute.org/free-c-and-c-courses\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Institute\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/c-plus-plus\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Online Training Courses on LinkedIn Learning\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/default.asp\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Tutorials on W3Schools\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.edx.org/learn/c-programming\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn C Programming Online Courses on edX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.edx.org/learn/c-plus-plus\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn C++ with Online Courses on edX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-c-plus-plus\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn C++ on Codecademy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/specializations/coding-for-everyone\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCoding for Everyone: C and C++ course on Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/learn/c-plus-plus-a\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ For C Programmers on Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=c%20programming\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTop C Courses on Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udemy.com/topic/c-plus-plus/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Online Courses on Udemy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udemy.com/topic/c-programming/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTop C Courses on Udemy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udacity.com/course/c-for-programmers--ud210\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ For Programmers Course on Udacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pluralsight.com/courses/learn-program-cplusplus\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC++ Fundamentals Course on Pluralsight\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-096-introduction-to-c-january-iap-2011/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntroduction to C++ on MIT Free Online Course Materials\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://online-learning.harvard.edu/course/introduction-c-programmers\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntroduction to C++ for Programmers | Harvard \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://online-learning.harvard.edu/subject/c\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOnline C Courses | Harvard University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eC/C++ Tools\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-cc-tools\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: C/C++ Tools\" href=\"#cc-tools\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVisual Studio\u003c/a\u003e is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft; which is a feature-rich application that can be used for many aspects of software development. Visual Studio makes it easy to edit, debug, build, and publish your app. By using Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, and Windows Store.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://code.visualstudio.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVisual Studio Code\u003c/a\u003e is a code editor redefined and optimized for building and debugging modern web and cloud applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg\"\u003eVcpkg\u003c/a\u003e is a C++ Library Manager for Windows, Linux, and MacOS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/resharper-cpp/features/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eReSharper C++\u003c/a\u003e is a Visual Studio Extension for C++ developers developed by JetBrains.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/objc/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAppCode\u003c/a\u003e is constantly monitoring the quality of your code. It warns you of errors and smells and suggests quick-fixes to resolve them automatically. AppCode provides lots of code inspections for Objective-C, Swift, C/C++, and a number of code inspections for other supported languages. All code inspections are run on the fly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/features/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCLion\u003c/a\u003e is a cross-platform IDE for C and C++ developers developed by JetBrains.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.codeblocks.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCode::Blocks\u003c/a\u003e is a free C/C++ and Fortran IDE built to meet the most demanding needs of its users. It is designed to be very extensible and fully configurable. Built around a plugin framework, Code::Blocks can be extended with plugins.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mono/CppSharp\"\u003eCppSharp\u003c/a\u003e is a tool and set of libraries which facilitates the usage of native C/C++ code with the .NET ecosystem. It consumes C/C++ header and library files and generates the necessary glue code to surface the native API as a managed API. Such an API can be used to consume an existing native library in your managed code or add managed scripting support to a native codebase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://conan.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eConan\u003c/a\u003e is an Open Source Package Manager for C++ development and dependency management into the 21st century and on par with the other development ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://developer.nvidia.com/hpc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHigh Performance Computing (HPC) SDK\u003c/a\u003e is a comprehensive toolbox for GPU accelerating HPC modeling and simulation applications. It includes the C, C++, and Fortran compilers, libraries, and analysis tools necessary for developing HPC applications on the NVIDIA platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/NVIDIA/thrust\"\u003eThrust\u003c/a\u003e is a C++ parallel programming library which resembles the C++ Standard Library. Thrust's high-level interface greatly enhances programmer productivity while enabling performance portability between GPUs and multicore CPUs. Interoperability with established technologies such as CUDA, TBB, and OpenMP integrates with existing software.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.boost.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eBoost\u003c/a\u003e is an educational opportunity focused on cutting-edge C++. Boost has been a participant in the annual Google Summer of Code since 2007, in which students develop their skills by working on Boost Library development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAutomake\u003c/a\u003e is a tool for automatically generating Makefile.in files compliant with the GNU Coding Standards. Automake requires the use of GNU Autoconf.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cmake.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCmake\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source, cross-platform family of tools designed to build, test and package software. CMake is used to control the software compilation process using simple platform and compiler independent configuration files, and generate native makefiles and workspaces that can be used in the compiler environment of your choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGDB\u003c/a\u003e is a debugger, that allows you to see what is going on `inside' another program while it executes or what another program was doing at the moment it crashed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://gcc.gnu.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGCC\u003c/a\u003e is a compiler Collection that includes front ends for C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Ada, Go, and D, as well as libraries for these languages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGSL\u003c/a\u003e is a numerical library for C and C++ programmers. It is free software under the GNU General Public License. The library provides a wide range of mathematical routines such as random number generators, special functions and least-squares fitting. There are over 1000 functions in total with an extensive test suite.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.opengl.org/sdk/libs/GLEW/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOpenGL Extension Wrangler Library (GLEW)\u003c/a\u003e is a cross-platform open-source C/C++ extension loading library. GLEW provides efficient run-time mechanisms for determining which OpenGL extensions are supported on the target platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLibtool\u003c/a\u003e is a generic library support script that hides the complexity of using shared libraries behind a consistent, portable interface. To use Libtool, add the new generic library building commands to your Makefile, Makefile.in, or Makefile.am.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://maven.apache.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMaven\u003c/a\u003e is a software project management and comprehension tool. Based on the concept of a project object model (POM), Maven can manage a project's build, reporting and documentation from a central piece of information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cs.uoregon.edu/research/tau/home.php\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTAU (Tuning And Analysis Utilities)\u003c/a\u003e is capable of gathering performance information through instrumentation of functions, methods, basic blocks, and statements as well as event-based sampling. All C++ language features are supported including templates and namespaces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://clang.llvm.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eClang\u003c/a\u003e is a production quality C, Objective-C, C++ and Objective-C++ compiler when targeting X86-32, X86-64, and ARM (other targets may have caveats, but are usually easy to fix). Clang is used in production to build performance-critical software like Google Chrome or Firefox.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://opencv.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOpenCV\u003c/a\u003e is a highly optimized library with focus on real-time applications. Cross-Platform C++, Python and Java interfaces support Linux, MacOS, Windows, iOS, and Android.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://nvidia.github.io/libcudacxx\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLibcu++\u003c/a\u003e is the NVIDIA C++ Standard Library for your entire system. It provides a heterogeneous implementation of the C++ Standard Library that can be used in and between CPU and GPU code.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.antlr.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eANTLR (ANother Tool for Language Recognition)\u003c/a\u003e is a powerful parser generator for reading, processing, executing, or translating structured text or binary files. It's widely used to build languages, tools, and frameworks. From a grammar, ANTLR generates a parser that can build parse trees and also generates a listener interface that makes it easy to respond to the recognition of phrases of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://oatpp.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOat++\u003c/a\u003e is a light and powerful C++ web framework for highly scalable and resource-efficient web application. It's zero-dependency and easy-portable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/bytedeco/javacpp\"\u003eJavaCPP\u003c/a\u003e is a program that provides efficient access to native C++ inside Java, not unlike the way some C/C++ compilers interact with assembly language.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cython.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCython\u003c/a\u003e is a language that makes writing C extensions for Python as easy as Python itself. Cython is based on Pyrex, but supports more cutting edge functionality and optimizations such as calling C functions and declaring C types on variables and class attributes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/gabime/spdlog\"\u003eSpdlog\u003c/a\u003e is a very fast, header-only/compiled, C++ logging library.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fbinfer.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eInfer\u003c/a\u003e is a static analysis tool for Java, C++, Objective-C, and C. Infer is written in \u003ca href=\"https://ocaml.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOCaml\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eC# Development\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-c-development\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: C# Development\" href=\"#c-development\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/94306457-d6c0fa00-ff27-11ea-85dc-83dbb8f3e3e6.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/94306457-d6c0fa00-ff27-11ea-85dc-83dbb8f3e3e6.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eC# Learning Resources\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-c-learning--resources\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: C# Learning Resources\" href=\"#c-learning--resources\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC#\u003c/a\u003e is a modern and object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft to write any application using the C# programming language on the .NET platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/csharp-first-steps/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTaking your first steps with C#\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/csharp\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearning C#\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/get-started/csharp/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC# development with Visual Studio\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://code.visualstudio.com/Docs/languages/csharp\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC# programming with Visual Studio Code\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/csharp-data/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWorking with data in C#\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.w3schools.com/cs/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC# Tutorial by W3Schools\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/?view=netdesktop-5.0\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWindows Forms for .NET 5 and .NET Core 3.1\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eXamarin documentation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udemy.com/course/advanced-topics-csharp/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAdvanced Topics in C# by Udemy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://csharp.net-tutorials.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eThe complete C# tutorial\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://learn.unity.com/course/unity-c-survival-guide\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eUnity C# Survival Guide\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rabbitmq.com/dotnet-api-guide.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRabbitMQ .NET/C# Client API\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTools\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tools\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Tools\" href=\"#tools\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mono-project.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMono\u003c/a\u003e is a software platform designed to allow developers to easily create cross platform applications. It is an open source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Runtime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVisual Studio\u003c/a\u003e is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft; which is a feature-rich application that can be used for many aspects of software development. Visual Studio makes it easy to edit, debug, build, and publish your app. By using Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, and Windows Store.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/dotnet/msbuild\"\u003eMSBuild\u003c/a\u003e is the build platform for .NET and Visual Studio. MSBuild, provides an XML schema for a project file that controls how the build platform processes and builds software. Visual Studio uses MSBuild to perform team builds through Azure DevOps Server, but MSBuild can run without Visual Studio.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/roslyn-sdk/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRoslyn\u003c/a\u003e is a .NET compiler developed by Microsoft that provides C# and Visual Basic languages with rich code analysis APIs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/botframework-sdk\"\u003eBot Framework\u003c/a\u003e is a framework developed by Microsoft that provides the most comprehensive experience for building conversation applications. Developers can model and build sophisticated conversation using their favorite programming languages including C#, JS, Python and Java or using Bot Framework Composer, an open-source, visual authoring canvas for developers and multi-disciplinary teams to design and build conversational experiences with Language.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://platform.uno/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eUno Platform\u003c/a\u003e is a Universal Windows Platform Bridge that allows UWP-based code (C# and XAML) to run on iOS, Android, macOS, WebAssembly, Linux and Windows 7. It provides the full definitions of the UWP \u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/whats-new/windows-10-build-19041\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWindows 10 2004 (19041)\u003c/a\u003e, and the implementation of a growing number of parts of the UWP API, such as Windows.UI.Xaml, to enable UWP and WinUI applications to run on these platforms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRider\u003c/a\u003e is a fast and powerful, cross-platform .NET IDE devloped by JetBrains to develop .NET, ASP.NET, .NET Core, Xamarin; or Unity applications for Windows, Mac, Linux.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eResharper\u003c/a\u003e is a \u003ca href=\"https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVisual Studio\u003c/a\u003e Extension for .NET Developers that has On-the-fly code quality analysis for C#, VB.NET, XAML, ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC, JavaScript, TypeScript, CSS, HTML, and XML. Letting you know right away if your code needs to be improved.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/decompiler/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edotPeek\u003c/a\u003e is a tool developed by JetBrains based on ReSharper's bundled decompiler. It can reliably decompile any .NET assembly into equivalent C# or CIL code.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/profiler/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edotTrace\u003c/a\u003e is an .NET performance Profiler developed by Jet Brains. It helps users locate performance bottlenecks in a variety of .NET applications: desktop applications, .NET Core, ASP.NET, ASP.NET Core applications hosted on IIS or IIS Express web servers, Silverlight, WCF services, Windows services, Universal Windows Platform applications, and unit tests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/dotmemory/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edotMemory\u003c/a\u003e is an .NET memory Profiler developed by Jet Brains. It allows the user to analyze memory usage in a variety of .NET and .NET Core applications: desktop applications, Windows services, ASP.NET web applications, IIS, IIS Express, arbitrary .NET processes, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/dotcover/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edotCover\u003c/a\u003e is an .NET unit test runner and code coverage tool developed by Jet Brains. It helps the user figure out on-the-fly which unit tests are affected by your latest code changes, and automatically re-runs the affected tests for you. The continuous testing mode can be switched on for any unit test session.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newtonsoft.com/json\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJson.NET\u003c/a\u003e is a popular high-performance JSON framework for .NET.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/quasar/Quasar\"\u003eQuasar\u003c/a\u003e is a fast and light-weight remote administration tool coded in C#. The usage ranges from user support through day-to-day administrative work to employee monitoring. Providing high stability and an easy-to-use user interface, Quasar is the perfect remote administration solution for you.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/codecadwallader/codemaid\"\u003eCodeMaid\u003c/a\u003e is an open source Visual Studio extension to cleanup and simplify our C#, C++, F#, VB, PHP, PowerShell, JSON, XAML, XML, ASP, HTML, CSS, LESS, SCSS, JavaScript and TypeScript coding.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://dotnetfiddle.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e.NET Fiddle\u003c/a\u003e is an advanced online compiler for C# that allows you to create, run and share your code online.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://octopus.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOctopus Deploy\u003c/a\u003e is a single place for your team to manage releases, automate deployments, and automate the runbooks that keeps your software operating.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ci.appveyor.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAppveyor\u003c/a\u003e is a cloud-based continuous integration system that integrates natively with your source control and allows CI configuration files to live alongside your projects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://appharbor.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAppHarbor\u003c/a\u003e is a .NET Platform-as-a-Service that let's developers deploy and scale any standard .NET application to the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.antlr.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eANTLR (ANother Tool for Language Recognition)\u003c/a\u003e is a powerful parser generator for reading, processing, executing, or translating structured text or binary files. It's widely used to build languages, tools, and frameworks. From a grammar, ANTLR generates a parser that can build parse trees and also generates a listener interface that makes it easy to respond to the recognition of phrases of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Azure/autorest\"\u003eAutoRest\u003c/a\u003e is a tool generates client libraries for accessing RESTful web services using the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification\"\u003eOpenAPI Specification\u003c/a\u003e format. It Supports C#, PowerShell, Go, Java, Node.js, TypeScript, Python, Ruby.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/lunet-io/markdig\"\u003eMarkdig\u003c/a\u003e is a fast, powerful, \u003ca href=\"https://commonmark.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCommonMark\u003c/a\u003e compliant, extensible Markdown processor for .NET.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e.NET Development\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-net-development\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: .NET Development\" href=\"#net-development\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93719689-0d1e0400-fb39-11ea-82e5-331a8ff8060d.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93719689-0d1e0400-fb39-11ea-82e5-331a8ff8060d.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e.NET Learning Resources\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-net-learning-resources\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: .NET Learning Resources\" href=\"#net-learning-resources\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/dotnet/what-is-dotnet\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e.NET\u003c/a\u003e is a developer platform with tools and libraries for building any type of app, including web, mobile, desktop, games, IoT, cloud, and microservices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e.NET documentation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/get-started\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGetting started with .NET\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/dotnet/architecture-guides\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e.NET Application Architecture Guide\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://blog.jetbrains.com/dotnet/2020/07/09/introducing-the-net-guide-tutorials-and-tips-tricks-for-net-rider-and-resharper/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntro .NET Guide by JetBrains \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eC# documentation\u003c/a\u003e write any application using the C# programming language on the .NET platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTools\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tools-1\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Tools\" href=\"#tools-1\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/introduction\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e.NET Core\u003c/a\u003e is a cross-platform .NET implementation for websites, servers, and console apps on Windows, Linux, and macOS.The .NET Framework supports websites, services, desktop apps, and more on Windows. Xamarin/Mono is a .NET implementation for running apps on all the major mobile operating systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/dotnet/runtime\"\u003e.NET runtime\u003c/a\u003e is a collection of libraries and shared host (dotnet) installers for all supported platforms, as well as the sources to .NET runtime and libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://asp.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eASP.NET Core\u003c/a\u003e is a cross-platform .NET framework for building modern cloud-based web applications on Windows, Mac, or Linux.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mono-project.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMono\u003c/a\u003e is a software platform designed to allow developers to easily create cross platform applications. It is an open source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Runtime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVisual Studio\u003c/a\u003e is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft; which is a feature-rich application that can be used for many aspects of software development. Visual Studio makes it easy to edit, debug, build, and publish your app. By using Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, and Windows Store.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRider\u003c/a\u003e is a fast and powerful, cross-platform .NET IDE devloped by JetBrains to develop .NET, ASP.NET, .NET Core, Xamarin; or Unity applications for Windows, Mac, Linux.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eResharper\u003c/a\u003e is a \u003ca href=\"https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVisual Studio\u003c/a\u003e Extension for .NET Developers that has On-the-fly code quality analysis for C#, VB.NET, XAML, ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC, JavaScript, TypeScript, CSS, HTML, and XML. Letting you know right away if your code needs to be improved.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/profiler/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edotTrace\u003c/a\u003e is an .NET performance Profiler developed by Jet Brains. It helps users locate performance bottlenecks in a variety of .NET applications: desktop applications, .NET Core, ASP.NET, ASP.NET Core applications hosted on IIS or IIS Express web servers, Silverlight, WCF services, Windows services, Universal Windows Platform applications, and unit tests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/dotmemory/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edotMemory\u003c/a\u003e is an .NET memory Profiler developed by Jet Brains. It allows the user to analyze memory usage in a variety of .NET and .NET Core applications: desktop applications, Windows services, ASP.NET web applications, IIS, IIS Express, arbitrary .NET processes, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/dotcover/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edotCover\u003c/a\u003e is an .NET unit test runner and code coverage tool developed by Jet Brains. It helps the user figure out on-the-fly which unit tests are affected by your latest code changes, and automatically re-runs the affected tests for you. The continuous testing mode can be switched on for any unit test session.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://avaloniaui.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAvalonia\u003c/a\u003e is a cross-platform XAML-based UI framework providing a flexible styling system and supporting a wide range of Operating Systems such as Windows via .NET Framework and .NET Core, Linux via Xorg, macOS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/App-vNext/Polly\"\u003ePolly\u003c/a\u003e is a .NET resilience and transient-fault-handling library that allows developers to express policies such as Retry, Circuit Breaker, Timeout, Bulkhead Isolation, and Fallback in a fluent and thread-safe manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://identityserver.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIdentityServer\u003c/a\u003e is a free, open source \u003ca href=\"https://openid.net/connect/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOpenID Connect\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eOAuth 2.0\u003c/a\u003e framework for ASP.NET Core. IdentityServer4 incorporates all the protocol implementations and extensibility points needed to integrate token-based authentication, single-sign-on and API access control in your applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/icsharpcode/ILSpy\"\u003eILSpy\u003c/a\u003e is the open-source .NET assembly browser and decompiler.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.hangfire.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHangfire\u003c/a\u003e is an easy way to perform background job processing in your .NET and .NET Core applications with no Windows Service or Task Scheduler required.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://microsoft.github.io/react-native-windows/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eReact Native Windows\u003c/a\u003e is a ramework for building native Windows apps with React. \u003ca href=\"https://reactnative.dev/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eReact Native\u003c/a\u003e is a framework developed by Facebook that enables you to build world-class application experiences on native platforms using a consistent developer experience based on JavaScript and React.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://reactiveui.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eReactiveUI\u003c/a\u003e is a composable, cross-platform model-view-viewmodel framework for all .NET platforms that is inspired by functional reactive programming, which is a paradigm that allows you to abstract mutable state away from your user interfaces and express the idea around a feature in one readable place and improve the testability of your application.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://reactiveui.github.io/refit/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRefit\u003c/a\u003e is the automatic type-safe REST library for .NET Core, Xamarin and .NET.It's heavily inspired by Square's Retrofit library, Refit turns your REST API into a live interface.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/dotnet/maui\"\u003eMAUI\u003c/a\u003e is the .NET Multi-platform App UI, a framework for building native device applications spanning mobile, tablet, and desktop.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/quasar/Quasar\"\u003eQuasar\u003c/a\u003e is a fast and light-weight remote administration tool coded in C#. The usage ranges from user support through day-to-day administrative work to employee monitoring. Providing high stability and an easy-to-use user interface, Quasar is the perfect remote administration solution for you.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePython Development\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-python-development\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Python Development\" href=\"#python-development\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93133273-ce490380-f68b-11ea-81d0-7f6a3debe6c0.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93133273-ce490380-f68b-11ea-81d0-7f6a3debe6c0.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePython Learning Resources\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-python-learning-resources\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Python Learning Resources\" href=\"#python-learning-resources\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.python.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePython\u003c/a\u003e is an interpreted, high-level programming language. Python is used heavily in the fields of Data Science and Machine Learning.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://devguide.python.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePython Developer’s Guide\u003c/a\u003e is a comprehensive resource for contributing to Python – for both new and experienced contributors. It is maintained by the same community that maintains Python.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-reference-python\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAzure Functions Python developer guide\u003c/a\u003e is an introduction to developing Azure Functions using Python. The content below assumes that you've already read the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-reference\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAzure Functions developers guide\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://checkio.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCheckiO\u003c/a\u003e is a programming learning platform and a gamified website that teaches Python through solving code challenges and competing for the most elegant and creative solutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pythoninstitute.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePython Institute\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pythoninstitute.org/pcep-certification-entry-level/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePCEP – Certified Entry-Level Python Programmer certification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pythoninstitute.org/pcap-certification-associate/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePCAP – Certified Associate in Python Programming certification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pythoninstitute.org/pcpp-certification-professional/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePCPP – Certified Professional in Python Programming 1 certification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pythoninstitute.org/pcpp-certification-professional/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePCPP – Certified Professional in Python Programming 2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/certifications/mta-introduction-to-programming-using-python\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMTA: Introduction to Programming Using Python Certification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/python-tutorial\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGetting Started with Python in Visual Studio Code\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGoogle's Python Style Guide\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://developers.google.com/edu/python/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGoogle's Python Education Class\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://realpython.com\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eReal Python\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ForrestKnight/open-source-cs-python\"\u003eThe Python Open Source Computer Science Degree by Forrest Knight\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.datacamp.com/courses/intro-to-python-for-data-science\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntro to Python for Data Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIntro to Python by W3schools\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCodecademy's Python 3 course\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.edx.org/learn/python\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearn Python with Online Courses and Classes from edX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=python\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePython Courses Online from Coursera\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePython Frameworks and Tools\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-python-frameworks-and-tools\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Python Frameworks and Tools\" href=\"#python-frameworks-and-tools\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePython Package Index (PyPI)\u003c/a\u003e is a repository of software for the Python programming language. PyPI helps you find and install software developed and shared by the Python community.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePyCharm\u003c/a\u003e is the best IDE I've ever used. With PyCharm, you can access the command line, connect to a database, create a virtual environment, and manage your version control system all in one place, saving time by avoiding constantly switching between windows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://microsoft.github.io/PTVS/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePython Tools for Visual Studio(PTVS)\u003c/a\u003e is a free, open source plugin that turns Visual Studio into a Python IDE. It supports editing, browsing, IntelliSense, mixed Python/C++ debugging, remote Linux/MacOS debugging, profiling, IPython, and web development with Django and other frameworks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/pylance-release\"\u003ePylance\u003c/a\u003e is an extension that works alongside Python in Visual Studio Code to provide performant language support. Under the hood, Pylance is powered by Pyright, Microsoft's static type checking tool.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Microsoft/pyright\"\u003ePyright\u003c/a\u003e is a fast type checker meant for large Python source bases. It can run in a “watch” mode and performs fast incremental updates when files are modified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.djangoproject.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDjango\u003c/a\u003e is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://flask.palletsprojects.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFlask\u003c/a\u003e is a micro web framework written in Python. It is classified as a microframework because it does not require particular tools or libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://web2py.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWeb2py\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source web application framework written in Python allowing allows web developers to program dynamic web content. One web2py instance can run multiple web sites using different databases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/aws/chalice\"\u003eAWS Chalice\u003c/a\u003e is a framework for writing serverless apps in python. It allows you to quickly create and deploy applications that use AWS Lambda.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.tornadoweb.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTornado\u003c/a\u003e is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Tornado uses a non-blocking network I/O, which can scale to tens of thousands of open connections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/httpie/httpie\"\u003eHTTPie\u003c/a\u003e is a command line HTTP client that makes CLI interaction with web services as easy as possible. HTTPie is designed for testing, debugging, and generally interacting with APIs \u0026amp; HTTP servers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://scrapy.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eScrapy\u003c/a\u003e is a fast high-level web crawling and web scraping framework, used to crawl websites and extract structured data from their pages. It can be used for a wide range of purposes, from data mining to monitoring and automated testing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://sentry.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSentry\u003c/a\u003e is a service that helps you monitor and fix crashes in realtime. The server is in Python, but it contains a full API for sending events from any language, in any application.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pypa/pipenv\"\u003ePipenv\u003c/a\u003e is a tool that aims to bring the best of all packaging worlds (bundler, composer, npm, cargo, yarn, etc.) to the Python world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/python-fire\"\u003ePython Fire\u003c/a\u003e is a library for automatically generating command line interfaces (CLIs) from absolutely any Python object.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/bottlepy/bottle\"\u003eBottle\u003c/a\u003e is a fast, simple and lightweight \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsgi.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWSGI\u003c/a\u003e micro web-framework for Python. It is distributed as a single file module and has no dependencies other than the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.python.org/library/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePython Standard Library\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cherrypy.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCherryPy\u003c/a\u003e is a minimalist Python object-oriented HTTP web framework.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/huge-success/sanic\"\u003eSanic\u003c/a\u003e is a Python 3.6+ web server and web framework that's written to go fast.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://trypyramid.com\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePyramid\u003c/a\u003e is a small and fast open source Python web framework. It makes real-world web application development and deployment more fun and more productive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://turbogears.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTurboGears\u003c/a\u003e is a hybrid web framework able to act both as a Full Stack framework or as a Microframework.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://falconframework.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFalcon\u003c/a\u003e is a reliable, high-performance Python web framework for building large-scale app backends and microservices with support for MongoDB, Pluggable Applications and autogenerated Admin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/nni\"\u003eNeural Network Intelligence(NNI)\u003c/a\u003e is an open source AutoML toolkit for automate machine learning lifecycle, including \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/nni/blob/master/docs/en_US/FeatureEngineering/Overview.md\"\u003eFeature Engineering\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/nni/blob/master/docs/en_US/NAS/Overview.md\"\u003eNeural Architecture Search\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/nni/blob/master/docs/en_US/Compressor/Overview.md\"\u003eModel Compression\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/nni/blob/master/docs/en_US/Tuner/BuiltinTuner.md\"\u003eHyperparameter Tuning\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://plotly.com/dash\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDash\u003c/a\u003e is a popular Python framework for building ML \u0026amp; data science web apps for Python, R, Julia, and Jupyter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/spotify/luigi\"\u003eLuigi\u003c/a\u003e is a Python module that helps you build complex pipelines of batch jobs. It handles dependency resolution, workflow management, visualization etc. It also comes with Hadoop support built-in.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/locustio/locust\"\u003eLocust\u003c/a\u003e is an easy to use, scriptable and scalable performance testing tool.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/explosion/spaCy\"\u003espaCy\u003c/a\u003e is a library for advanced Natural Language Processing in Python and Cython.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.numpy.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNumPy\u003c/a\u003e is the fundamental package needed for scientific computing with Python.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://python-pillow.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePillow\u003c/a\u003e is a friendly PIL(Python Imaging Library) fork.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ipython.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIPython\u003c/a\u003e is a command shell for interactive computing in multiple programming languages, originally developed for the Python programming language, that offers enhanced introspection, rich media, additional shell syntax, tab completion, and rich history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://turi.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGraphLab Create\u003c/a\u003e is a Python library, backed by a C++ engine, for quickly building large-scale, high-performance machine learning models.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pandas.pydata.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePandas\u003c/a\u003e is a fast, powerful, and easy to use open source data structrures, data analysis and manipulation tool, built on top of the Python programming language.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://coin-or.github.io/pulp/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePuLP\u003c/a\u003e is an Linear Programming modeler written in python. PuLP can generate LP files and call on use highly optimized solvers, GLPK, COIN CLP/CBC, CPLEX, and GUROBI, to solve these linear problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://matplotlib.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMatplotlib\u003c/a\u003e is a 2D plotting library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python. Matplotlib produces publication-quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/stable/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eScikit-Learn\u003c/a\u003e is a simple and efficient tool for data mining and data analysis. It is built on NumPy,SciPy, and mathplotlib.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRust Development\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-rust-development\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Rust Development\" href=\"#rust-development\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents\"\u003eBack to the Top\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93025405-8dc98700-f5b2-11ea-93f9-12b4a0ef3001.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93025405-8dc98700-f5b2-11ea-93f9-12b4a0ef3001.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRust Learning Resources\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-rust-learning-resources\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Rust Learning Resources\" href=\"#rust-learning-resources\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rust-lang.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRust\u003c/a\u003e is a multi-paradigm programming language focused on performance and safety. Rust has a comparable amount of runtime to C and C++, and has set up its standard library to be amenable towards OS development. Specifically, the standard library is split into two parts: core and std. Core is the lowest-level aspects only, and doesn't include things like allocation, threading, and other higher-level features.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eThe Rust Language Reference\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eThe Rust Programming Language Book\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rust-lang.org/learn\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLearning Rust\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/opensource/why-aws-loves-rust-and-how-wed-like-to-help/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWhy AWS loves Rust\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.udemy.com/courses/search/?src=ukw\u0026amp;q=Rust\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRust Programming courses on Udemy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://reberhardt.com/blog/2020/10/05/designing-a-new-class-at-stanford-safety-in-systems-programming.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSafety in Systems Programming with Rust at Standford by Ryan Eberhardt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/opensource/2020/04/07/announcing-krustlet-kubernetes-rust-kubelet-webassembly-wasm/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWebAssembly meets Kubernetes with Krustlet using Rust\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/verona/blob/master/docs/explore.md\"\u003eMicrosoft's Project Verona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRust Tools\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-rust-tools\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Rust Tools\" href=\"#rust-tools\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo\"\u003eCargo\u003c/a\u003e is a package manager that downloads your Rust project’s dependencies and compiles your project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://crater.rust-lang.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCrater\u003c/a\u003e is a tool to run experiments across parts of the Rust ecosystem. Its primary purpose is to detect regressions in the Rust compiler, and it does this by building a large number of crates, running their test suites and comparing the results between two versions of the Rust compiler. It can operate locally (with Docker as the only dependency) or distributed on the cloud. It can operate locally (with Docker as the only dependency) or distributed on the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-lang/vscode-rust\"\u003eVSCode-Rust\u003c/a\u003e is plugin that adds language support for Rust to Visual Studio Code. Rust support is powered by a separate language server - either by the official Rust Language Server (RLS) or rust-analyzer, depending on the user's preference. If you don't have it installed, the extension will install it for you (with permission). This extension is built and maintained by the Rust IDEs and editors team with the focus on providing a stable, high quality extension that makes the best use of the respective language server.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/apache/arrow\"\u003eApache Arrow\u003c/a\u003e is a development platform for in-memory analytics. It contains a set of technologies that enable big data systems to process and move data fast. Arrow's libraries are available for C, C++, C#, Go, Java, JavaScript, MATLAB, Python, R, Ruby, and Rust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wasmer.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWasmer\u003c/a\u003e enables super lightweight containers based on \u003ca href=\"https://webassembly.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWebAssembly\u003c/a\u003e that can run anywhere such as the Desktop to the Cloud and IoT devices, and also embedded in \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer#language-integrations\"\u003eany programming language\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://firecracker-microvm.github.io\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFirecracker\u003c/a\u003e is an open source virtualization technology that is purpose-built for creating and managing secure, multi-tenant container and function-based services that provide serverless operational models. Firecracker runs workloads in lightweight virtual machines, called microVMs, which combine the security and isolation properties provided by hardware virtualization technology with the speed and flexibility of containers. Firecracker has also been integrated in container runtimes, for example \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kata-containers/documentation/wiki/Initial-release-of-Kata-Containers-with-Firecracker-support\"\u003eKata Containers\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite\"\u003eWeaveworks Ignite\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio\"\u003eTokio\u003c/a\u003e is an event-driven, non-blocking I/O platform for writing asynchronous applications with the Rust programming language.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tikv/tikv\"\u003eTiKV\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source distributed transactional key-value database that also provides classical key-vlue APIs, but also transactional APIs with ACID compliance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://crates.io/crates/sonic-server\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSonic\u003c/a\u003e is a fast, lightweight and schema-less search backend similar to Elasticsearch in some use-cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/hyperium/hyper\"\u003eHyper\u003c/a\u003e is a fast and correct HTTP library for Rust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket\"\u003eRocket\u003c/a\u003e is an async web framework for Rust with a focus on usability, security, extensibility, and speed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eClippy\u003c/a\u003e is a collection of lints to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/servo/servo\"\u003eServo\u003c/a\u003e is a prototype web browser engine written in the Rust language.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://vector.dev/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVector\u003c/a\u003e is a high-performance, end-to-end (agent \u0026amp; aggregator) observability data platform that puts the user in control of their observability data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython\"\u003eRustPython\u003c/a\u003e is a Python Interpreter written in Rust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-lang/miri\"\u003eMiri\u003c/a\u003e is an interpreter for Rust's mid-level intermediate representation. It can run binaries and test suites of cargo projects and detect certain classes of undefined behavior. Miri will alsowill also tell you about memory leaks: when there is memory still allocated at the end of the execution, and that memory is not reachable from a global static, Miri will raise an error.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://rust-lang.github.io/chalk/book/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eChalk\u003c/a\u003e is an implementation and definition of the Rust trait system using a PROLOG-like logic solver.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/arch/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003estdarch\u003c/a\u003e is Rust's standard library vendor-specific APIs and run-time feature detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-lang/simpleinfra\"\u003eSimpleinfra\u003c/a\u003e is rep that contains the tools and automation written by the Rust infrastructure team to manage our services. Using some of the tools in this repo require privileges only infra team members have.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings\"\u003eRustlings\u003c/a\u003e is a small set of exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://krustlet.dev/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eKrustlet\u003c/a\u003e acts as a Kubernetes Kubelet(written in Rust) by listening on the event stream for new pods that the scheduler assigns to it based on specific Kubernetes \u003ca href=\"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/taint-and-toleration/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003etolerations\u003c/a\u003e. The project is currently experimental.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOperating System\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-operating-system\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Operating System\" href=\"#operating-system\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.redox-os.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRedox\u003c/a\u003e is a Unix-like Operating System written in Rust, aiming to bring the innovations of Rust to a modern microkernel and full set of applications. Acitvely being developed by \u003ca href=\"https://gitlab.redox-os.org/jackpot51\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJeremy Soeller\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/bottlerocket-os/bottlerocket\"\u003eBottlerocket OS\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source Linux-based operating system meant for hosting containers. Bottlerocket focuses on security and maintainability, providing a reliable, consistent, and safe platform for container-based workloads.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.tockos.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTock\u003c/a\u003e is an embedded operating system designed for running multiple concurrent, mutually distrustful applications on Cortex-M and RISC-V based embedded platforms. Tock's design centers around protection, both from potentially malicious applications and from device drivers. Tock uses two mechanisms to protect different components of the operating system. First, the kernel and device drivers are written in Rust, a systems programming language that provides compile-time memory safety, type safety and strict aliasing. Tock uses Rust to protect the kernel (the scheduler and hardware abstraction layer) from platform specific device drivers as well as isolate device drivers from each other. Second, Tock uses memory protection units to isolate applications from each other and the kernel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/docs/+/master/rust_on_cros.md\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRust on Chrome OS\u003c/a\u003e is a document that provides information on creating Rust projects for installation within Chrome OS and Chrome OS SDK.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://os.phil-opp.com\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWriting an OS in Rust \u003c/a\u003e is a blog series creates a small operating system in the Rust programming language by \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/phil-opp\"\u003ePhilipp Oppermann\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContribute\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contribute\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contribute\" 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Protocols"},{"level":1,"text":"Assembly Development","anchor":"assembly-development","htmlText":"Assembly Development"},{"level":1,"text":"Assembly Learning Resources","anchor":"assembly-learning-resources","htmlText":"Assembly Learning Resources"},{"level":1,"text":"Assembly Tools \u0026 Architectures","anchor":"assembly-tools--architectures","htmlText":"Assembly Tools \u0026amp; Architectures"},{"level":1,"text":"C/C++ Development","anchor":"cc-development","htmlText":"C/C++ Development"},{"level":2,"text":"C/C++ Learning Resources","anchor":"cc-learning-resources","htmlText":"C/C++ Learning Resources"},{"level":2,"text":"C/C++ Tools","anchor":"cc-tools","htmlText":"C/C++ Tools"},{"level":1,"text":"C# Development","anchor":"c-development","htmlText":"C# Development"},{"level":2,"text":"C# Learning Resources","anchor":"c-learning--resources","htmlText":"C# Learning Resources"},{"level":2,"text":"Tools","anchor":"tools","htmlText":"Tools"},{"level":1,"text":".NET 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1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 QkQOb js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 align="center" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/126912889-d86e3171-471a-4c05-b6bf-36a70080ab7c.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/126912889-d86e3171-471a-4c05-b6bf-36a70080ab7c.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <br> Firmware Guide </h1><a id="user-content------firmware--guide" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Firmware Guide " href="#-----firmware--guide"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">A guide covering the Firmware the applications, libraries and tools that will make you a better and more efficient with Firmware development.</h4><a id="user-content-a-guide-covering-the-firmware-the-applications-libraries-and-tools-that-will-make-you-a-better-and-more-efficient-with-firmware-development" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: A guide covering the Firmware the applications, libraries and tools that will make you a better and more efficient with Firmware development." href="#a-guide-covering-the-firmware-the-applications-libraries-and-tools-that-will-make-you-a-better-and-more-efficient-with-firmware-development"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>Note: You can easily convert this markdown file to a PDF in <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" rel="nofollow">VSCode</a> using this handy extension <a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=yzane.markdown-pdf" rel="nofollow">Markdown PDF</a>.</strong></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/126912553-d95977a7-3bec-4ff2-9bab-700fe90fc014.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/126912553-d95977a7-3bec-4ff2-9bab-700fe90fc014.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <br> </p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Table of Contents</h1><a id="user-content-table-of-contents" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Table of Contents" href="#table-of-contents"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#Firmware-learning-resources">Firmware Learning Resources</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#Firmware-tools-libraries-and-frameworks">Firmware Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#virtualization">Virtualization</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#file-systems">File systems</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#security-tools-and-frameworks">Security Tools and Frameworks</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#networking">Networking</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#assembly-development">Assembly Development</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#cc-development">C/C++ Development</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#c-development">C# Development</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#net-development">.NET Development</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#python-development">Python Development</a></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#rust-development">Rust Development</a></p> </li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Firmware Learning Resources</h1><a id="user-content-firmware-learning-resources" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Firmware Learning Resources" href="#firmware-learning-resources"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware" rel="nofollow">Firmware</a> is a software program that comes embedded in a piece of hardware such as a keyboard, hard drive, BIOS, or a video card. It usually provides basic functions of a device and sometimes only provide services to higher-level software.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://online-learning.harvard.edu/subject/embedded-systems-1" rel="nofollow">Online Embedded Systems Courses | Harvard University</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://online.stanford.edu/programs/internet-things-graduate-program" rel="nofollow">Internet of Things Graduate Program | Stanford Online</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.ucsc-extension.edu/certificates/embedded-systems/" rel="nofollow">Embedded Systems Certificate | UCSC Silicon Valley Extension</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://online.odu.edu/programs/embedded-systems-engineering-technology-eet" rel="nofollow">Embedded Systems Technology (EET) | ODU Online</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.edx.org/learn/embedded-systems" rel="nofollow">Learn Embedded Systems with Online Courses and Classes | edX</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udemy.com/topic/embedded-systems/" rel="nofollow">Top Embedded Systems Courses Online | Udemy</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=embedded%20c" rel="nofollow">Top Embedded C Courses Online | Coursera</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udacity.com/course/embedded-systems--ud169" rel="nofollow">Embedded Systems | Udacity Free Courses</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.arm.com/resources/education/online-courses/embedded-linux" rel="nofollow">Embedded Linux Online Course - Arm®</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/browse/computer-science/software-development" rel="nofollow">Software Development Online Courses | Coursera</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=software%20engineering&index=prod_all_products_term_optimization&completemode=undefined&page=1" rel="nofollow">Top Software Engineering Courses | Coursera</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.edx.org/learn/software-development" rel="nofollow">Learn Software Development with Online Courses and Lessons | edX</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Firmware Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks</h1><a id="user-content-firmware-tools-libraries-and-frameworks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Firmware Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks" href="#firmware-tools-libraries-and-frameworks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://doc.coreboot.org/getting_started/index.html" rel="nofollow">Coreboot</a> is a replacement for your BIOS / UEFI with a strong focus on boot speed, security and flexibility. It is designed to boot your operating system as fast as possible without any compromise to security, with no back doors.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.tianocore.org/" rel="nofollow">TianoCore</a> is a community project supporting an open source implementation of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). EDK II is a modern, feature-rich, cross-platform firmware development environment for the UEFI and UEFI Platform Initialization (PI) specifications.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/tianocore.github.io/wiki/EDK-II">EDK II</a> is a modern, feature-rich, cross-platform firmware development environment for the UEFI and PI specifications .</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://openwrt.org/" rel="nofollow">OpenWrt Project</a> is a Linux operating system targeting embedded devices. Instead of trying to create a single, static firmware, OpenWrt provides a fully writable filesystem with package management.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/google/OpenSK">OpenSK</a> is an open-source implementation for security keys written in Rust that supports both FIDO U2F and <a href="https://fidoalliance.org/fido2/" rel="nofollow">FIDO2</a> standards.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://fwupd.org" rel="nofollow">Linux Vendor Firmware Service(LVFS)</a> is a secure portal which allows hardware vendors to upload firmware updates.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd">fwupd</a> is a simple daemon to allow session software to update firmware. The goal og project is to make updating firmware on Linux automatic, safe and reliable.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://chipsec.github.io/" rel="nofollow">CHIPSEC</a> is a framework for analyzing the security of PC platforms including hardware, system firmware (BIOS/UEFI), and platform components. It includes a security test suite, tools for accessing various low level interfaces, and forensic capabilities. It can be run on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and UEFI shell.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-secure-boot" rel="nofollow">Secure boot</a> is a security standard developed by members of the PC industry to help make sure that a device boots(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) BIOS) using only software(such as bootloaders, OS, UEFI drivers, and utilities) that is trusted by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/tpm/trusted-platform-module-overview" rel="nofollow">Trusted Platform Module (TPM</a> is a technology module designed to provide hardware-based, security-related functions. A TPM chip is a secure crypto-processor that is designed to carry out cryptographic operations.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html" rel="nofollow">Intel® oneAPI Base Toolkit</a> is a foundational kit that enables developers of all types to build, test, and deploy performance-driven, data-centric applications across CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. For more specialized workloads, use the Base Kit with one or more add-on toolkits.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/hpc-toolkit.html" rel="nofollow">Intel® oneAPI HPC Toolkit</a> is toolkit that delivers fast DPC++, C++, Fortran, OpenMP, and MPI applications that scale.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/iot-toolkit.html" rel="nofollow">Intel® oneAPI IoT Toolkit</a> is a toolkit for building high-performing, efficient, reliable solutions that run at the network’s edge.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/rendering-toolkit.html" rel="nofollow">Intel® oneAPI Rendering Toolkit</a> is a toolit for accelerating High-Fidelity Rendering and Visualization Applications with Powerful Libraries.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/ai-analytics-toolkit.html" rel="nofollow">Intel® AI Analytics Toolkit</a> is a toolkit that helps you achieve end-to-end performance for AI workloads.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/openvino-toolkit.html" rel="nofollow">Intel® Distribution of OpenVINO™ Toolkit</a> is a toolkit that you help you harness the full potential of AI across multiple Intel® architectures.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/pop-os/system76-firmware">System76 Firmware</a> is a software package that has a CLI(command-line inferface) tool for installing firmware updates. Also, included is the system76-firmware-daemon package, which has a systemd service that exposes a DBUS API for handling firmware updates.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/pop-os/firmware-manager">Firmware Manager</a> is a generic framework and GTK UI for firmware updates from <a href="https://github.com/pop-os/system76-firmware">system76-firmware</a> and <a href="https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd">fwupd</a>, written in Rust.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/Benjamin-Dobell/Heimdall">Heimdall</a> is a cross-platform open-source tool suite used to flash firmware (aka ROMs) onto Samsung mobile devices.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon">Nexmon</a> is a C-based firmware patching framework for Broadcom/Cypress WiFi chips that enables you to write your own firmware patches, for example, to enable monitor mode with radiotap headers and frame injection.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/attify/firmware-analysis-toolkit">Firmware Analysis Toolkit</a> is a toolkit built in order to help security researchers analyze and identify vulnerabilities in IoT and embedded device firmware. This is built in order to use for the <a href="https://www.attify-store.com/collections/training/products/offensive-iot-exploitation" rel="nofollow">"Offensive IoT Exploitation"</a> training conducted by <a href="https://attify.com/" rel="nofollow">Attify</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/fkie-cad/FACT_core">Firmware Analysis and Comparison Tool</a> is a tool intended to automate most of the firmware analysis process. It unpacks arbitrary firmware files and processes several analyses. Additionally, it can compare several images or single files.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.mellanox.com/support/firmware/mlxup-mft" rel="nofollow">Mellanox firmware update and query utility</a> is a utility that enables scanning the server machine for available Mellanox adapters and indicates whether firmware update is required for each adapter.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.mellanox.com/products/adapter-software/flexboot" rel="nofollow">Mellanox FlexBoot</a> is a multiprotocol remote boot technology that delivers unprecedented flexibility in how IT Managers can provision or repurpose their datacenter servers. FlexBoot enables remote boot over InfiniBand or Ethernet using Boot over InfiniBand, over Ethernet, or Boot over iSCSI (Bo-iSCSI). Combined with Virtual Protocol Interconnect (VPI) technologies available in ConnectX®-3 and onwards adapters, FlexBoot gives IT Managers the flexibility to deploy servers with one adapter card into InfiniBand or Ethernet networks with the ability to boot from LAN or remote storage targets.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/qmk/qmk_toolbox">QMK Toolbox</a> is a Toolbox companion for <a href="https://qmk.fm/" rel="nofollow">QMK</a> Firmware. It provides a collection of flashing tools packaged into one app. It supports auto-detection and auto-flashing of firmware to keyboards.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware">QMK(Quantum Mechanical Keyboard) Firmware</a> is an open-source keyboard firmware for Atmel AVR and <a href="https://www.arm.com/" rel="nofollow">Arm</a> USB controllers, and more specifically, the <a href="https://olkb.com/" rel="nofollow">OLKB product line</a>, the <a href="https://ergodox-ez.com/" rel="nofollow">ErgoDox EZ keyboard</a>, and the <a href="https://clueboard.co/" rel="nofollow">Clueboard product line</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard">TMK Keyboard Firmware</a> is keyboard firmwares for Atmel AVR and <a href="https://www.arm.com/" rel="nofollow">Arm</a> Cortex-M.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Virtualization</h1><a id="user-content-virtualization" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Virtualization" href="#virtualization"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/virtualization_types.html" rel="nofollow">HVM (Hardware Virtual Machine)</a> is a virtualization type that provides the ability to run an operating system directly on top of a virtual machine without any modification, as if it were run on the bare-metal hardware.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Paravirtualization_(PV)" rel="nofollow">PV(ParaVirtualization)</a> is an efficient and lightweight virtualization technique introduced by the Xen Project team, later adopted by other virtualization solutions. PV does not require virtualization extensions from the host CPU and thus enables virtualization on hardware architectures that do not support Hardware-assisted virtualization.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-vbs" rel="nofollow">Virtualization-based Security (VBS)</a> is a hardware virtualization feature to create and isolate a secure region of memory from the normal operating system.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/bringup/device-guard-and-credential-guard" rel="nofollow">Hypervisor-Enforced Code Integrity (HVCI)</a> is a mechanism whereby a hypervisor, such as Hyper-V, uses hardware virtualization to protect kernel-mode processes against the injection and execution of malicious or unverified code. Code integrity validation is performed in a secure environment that is resistant to attack from malicious software, and page permissions for kernel mode are set and maintained by the hypervisor.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page" rel="nofollow">KVM (for Kernel-based Virtual Machine)</a> is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or AMD-V). It consists of a loadable kernel module, kvm.ko, that provides the core virtualization infrastructure and a processor specific module, kvm-intel.ko or kvm-amd.ko.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.qemu.org" rel="nofollow">QEMU</a> is a fast processor emulator using a portable dynamic translator. QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It can be used to launch a different Operating System without rebooting the PC or to debug system code.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/" rel="nofollow">Hyper-V</a> enables running virtualized computer systems on top of a physical host. These virtualized systems can be used and managed just as if they were physical computer systems, however they exist in virtualized and isolated environment. Special software called a hypervisor manages access between the virtual systems and the physical hardware resources. Virtualization enables quick deployment of computer systems, a way to quickly restore systems to a previously known good state, and the ability to migrate systems between physical hosts.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/virt-manager/virt-manager">VirtManager</a> is a graphical tool for managing virtual machines via libvirt. Most usage is with QEMU/KVM virtual machines, but Xen and libvirt LXC containers are well supported. Common operations for any libvirt driver should work.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.ovirt.org" rel="nofollow">oVirt</a> is an open-source distributed virtualization solution, designed to manage your entire enterprise infrastructure. oVirt uses the trusted KVM hypervisor and is built upon several other community projects, including libvirt, Gluster, PatternFly, and Ansible.Founded by Red Hat as a community project on which Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization is based allowing for centralized management of virtual machines, compute, storage and networking resources, from an easy-to-use web-based front-end with platform independent access.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/moby/hyperkit">HyperKit</a> is a toolkit for embedding hypervisor capabilities in your application. It includes a complete hypervisor, based on <a href="https://github.com/mist64/xhyve">xhyve</a>/<a href="https://bhyve.org/" rel="nofollow">bhyve</a>, which is optimized for lightweight virtual machines and container deployment. It is designed to be interfaced with higher-level components such as the <a href="https://github.com/moby/vpnkit">VPNKit</a> and <a href="https://github.com/moby/datakit">DataKit</a>. HyperKit currently only supports macOS using the <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/DriversKernelHardware/Reference/Hypervisor/index.html" rel="nofollow">Hypervisor.framework</a> making it a core component of Docker Desktop for Mac.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/intel/gvt-linux">Intel® Graphics Virtualization Technology (Intel® GVT)</a> is a full GPU virtualization solution with mediated pass-through, starting from 4th generation Intel Core (TM) processors with Intel processor graphics(Broadwell and newer). It can be used to virtualize the GPU for multiple guest virtual machines, effectively providing near-native graphics performance in the virtual machine and still letting your host use the virtualized GPU normally.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/hypervisor" rel="nofollow">Apple Hypervisor</a> is a frameowrk that builds virtualization solutions on top of a lightweight hypervisor, without third-party kernel extensions. Hypervisor provides C APIs so you can interact with virtualization technologies in user space, without writing kernel extensions (KEXTs). As a result, the apps you create using this framework are suitable for distribution on the <a href="https://www.appstore.com/" rel="nofollow">Mac App Store</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization" rel="nofollow">Apple Virtualization Framework</a> is a framework that provides high-level APIs for creating and managing virtual machines on Apple silicon and Intel-based Mac computers. This framework is used to boot and run a Linux-based operating system in a custom environment that you define. It also supports the <a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/virtio-networking-series" rel="nofollow">Virtio specification</a>, which defines standard interfaces for many device types, including network, socket, serial port, storage, entropy, and memory-balloon devices.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/paravirtualizedgraphics" rel="nofollow">Apple Paravirtualized Graphics Framework</a> is a framework that implements hardware-accelerated graphics for macOS running in a virtual machine, hereafter known as the guest. The operating system provides a graphics driver that runs inside the guest, communicating with the framework in the host operating system to take advantage of Metal-accelerated graphics.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/cloud-hypervisor/cloud-hypervisor">Cloud Hypervisor</a> is an open source Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) that runs on top of <a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/virtual/kvm/api.txt" rel="nofollow">KVM</a>. The project focuses on exclusively running modern, cloud workloads, on top of a limited set of hardware architectures and platforms. Cloud workloads refers to those that are usually run by customers inside a cloud provider. Cloud Hypervisor is implemented in <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/" rel="nofollow">Rust</a> and is based on the <a href="https://github.com/rust-vmm">rust-vmm</a> crates.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere-hypervisor.html" rel="nofollow">VMware vSphere Hypervisor</a> is a bare-metal hypervisor that virtualizes servers; allowing you to consolidate your applications while saving time and money managing your IT infrastructure.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/xen-project/xen">Xen</a> is focused on advancing virtualization in a number of different commercial and open source applications, including server virtualization, Infrastructure as a Services (IaaS), desktop virtualization, security applications, embedded and hardware appliances, and automotive/aviation.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/ganeti/ganeti">Ganeti</a> is a virtual machine cluster management tool built on top of existing virtualization technologies such as Xen or KVM and other open source software. Once installed, the tool assumes management of the virtual instances (Xen DomU).</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.packer.io/" rel="nofollow">Packer</a> is an open source tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration. Packer is lightweight, runs on every major operating system, and is highly performant, creating machine images for multiple platforms in parallel. Packer does not replace configuration management like Chef or Puppet. In fact, when building images, Packer is able to use tools like Chef or Puppet to install software onto the image.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.vagrantup.com/" rel="nofollow">Vagrant</a> is a tool for building and managing virtual machine environments in a single workflow. With an easy-to-use workflow and focus on automation, Vagrant lowers development environment setup time, increases production parity, and makes the "works on my machine" excuse a relic of the past. It provides easy to configure, reproducible, and portable work environments built on top of industry-standard technology and controlled by a single consistent workflow to help maximize the productivity and flexibility of you and your team.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.parallels.com" rel="nofollow">Parallels Desktop</a> is a Desktop Hypervisor that delivers the fastest, easiest and most powerful application for running Windows/Linux on Mac (including the new <a href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/11/apple-unleashes-m1/" rel="nofollow">Apple M1 chip</a>) and ChromeOS.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.vmware.com/products/fusion.html" rel="nofollow">VMware Fusion</a> is a Desktop Hypervisor that deliver desktop and ‘server’ virtual machines, containers and <a href="https://www.vmware.com/topics/glossary/content/kubernetes-cluster" rel="nofollow">Kubernetes clusters</a> to developers, and IT professionals on the Mac.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-pro.html" rel="nofollow">VMware Workstation</a> is a hosted hypervisor that runs on x64 versions of Windows and Linux operating systems; it enables users to set up virtual machines on a single physical machine, and use them simultaneously along with the actual machine.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">File systems</h1><a id="user-content-file-systems" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: File systems" href="#file-systems"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.gluster.org/" rel="nofollow">GlusterFS</a> is a free and open source scalable network filesystem. Gluster is a scalable network filesystem. Using common off-the-shelf hardware, you can create large, distributed storage solutions for media streaming, data analysis, and other data- and bandwidth-intensive tasks.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://ceph.io/" rel="nofollow">Ceph</a> is a software-defined storage solution designed to address the object, block, and file storage needs of data centers adopting open source as the new norm for high-growth block storage, object stores and data lakes. Ceph provides enterprise scalable storage while keeping <a href="https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/modeling/how-to-calculate-capex-formula/" rel="nofollow">CAPEX</a> and <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/operating_expense.asp" rel="nofollow">OPEX</a> costs in line with underlying bulk commodity disk prices.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/analytics/hadoop/hdfs" rel="nofollow">Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)</a> is a distributed file system that handles large data sets running on commodity hardware. It is used to scale a single Apache Hadoop cluster to hundreds (and even thousands) of nodes. HDFS is one of the major components of Apache Hadoop, the others being <a href="https://www.ibm.com/analytics/hadoop/mapreduce" rel="nofollow">MapReduce</a> and <a href="https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/YARN.html" rel="nofollow">YARN</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/819-5461/zfsover-2/" rel="nofollow">ZFS</a> is an enterprise-ready open source file system and volume manager with unprecedented flexibility and an uncompromising commitment to data integrity.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://openzfs.org/wiki/Main_Page" rel="nofollow">OpenZFS</a> is an open-source storage platform. It includes the functionality of both traditional file systems and volume manager. It has many advanced features including:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Protection against data corruption.</li> <li>Integrity checking for both data and metadata.</li> <li>Continuous integrity verification and automatic "self-healing" repair.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page" rel="nofollow">Btrfs</a> is a modern copy on write (CoW) filesystem for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while also focusing on fault tolerance, repair and easy administration. Its main features and benefits are:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Snapshots which do not make the full copy of files</li> <li>RAID - support for software-based RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10</li> <li>Self-healing - checksums for data and metadata, automatic detection of silent data corruptions</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/squashfs.html" rel="nofollow">Squashfs</a> is a compressed read-only filesystem for Linux. It uses zlib, lz4, lzo, or xz compression to compress files, inodes and directories. Inodes in the system are very small and all blocks are packed to minimize data overhead.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://support.apple.com/guide/disk-utility/file-system-formats-available-in-disk-utility-dsku19ed921c/mac" rel="nofollow">Apple File System (APFS)</a> is the default file system for Mac computers using macOS 10.13 or later, features strong encryption, space sharing, snapshots, fast directory sizing, and improved file system fundamentals.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/file-server/ntfs-overview" rel="nofollow">NTFS(New Technology File System)</a> is the primary file system for recent versions of Windows and Windows Server—provides a full set of features including security descriptors, encryption, disk quotas, and rich metadata, and can be used with Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV) to provide continuously available volumes that can be accessed simultaneously from multiple nodes of a failover cluster.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/exfat-specification" rel="nofollow">exFAT(Extended File Allocation Table )</a> is the file system that was the successor to FAT32 in the FAT family of file systems. It was optimized for flash memory such as USB flash drives and SD cards.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Security Tools and Frameworks</h1><a id="user-content-security-tools-and-frameworks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Security Tools and Frameworks" href="#security-tools-and-frameworks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Security Standards, Frameworks and Benchmarks</h2><a id="user-content-security-standards-frameworks-and-benchmarks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Security Standards, Frameworks and Benchmarks" href="#security-standards-frameworks-and-benchmarks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://public.cyber.mil/stigs/" rel="nofollow">STIGs Benchmarks - Security Technical Implementation Guides</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.cisecurity.org/cis-benchmarks/" rel="nofollow">CIS Benchmarks - CIS Center for Internet Security</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.nist.gov/itl/current-fips" rel="nofollow">NIST - Current FIPS</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.iso.org/standards.html" rel="nofollow">ISO Standards Catalogue</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.commoncriteriaportal.org/cc/" rel="nofollow">Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation (CC)</a> is an international standard (ISO / IEC 15408) for computer security. It allows an objective evaluation to validate that a particular product satisfies a defined set of security requirements.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.iso.org/en/contents/data/standard/07/51/75106.html" rel="nofollow">ISO 22301</a> is the international standard that provides a best-practice framework for implementing an optimised BCMS (business continuity management system).</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.iso.org/isoiec-27001-information-security.html" rel="nofollow">ISO27001</a> is the international standard that describes the requirements for an ISMS (information security management system). The framework is designed to help organizations manage their security practices in one place, consistently and cost-effectively.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.iso.org/en/contents/data/standard/07/16/71670.html" rel="nofollow">ISO 27701</a> specifies the requirements for a PIMS (privacy information management system) based on the requirements of ISO 27001. It is extended by a set of privacy-specific requirements, control objectives and controls. Companies that have implemented ISO 27001 will be able to use ISO 27701 to extend their security efforts to cover privacy management.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://gdpr.eu/" rel="nofollow">EU GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)</a> is a privacy and data protection law that supersedes existing national data protection laws across the EU, bringing uniformity by introducing just one main data protection law for companies/organizations to comply with.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa" rel="nofollow">CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act)</a> is a data privacy law that took effect on January 1, 2020 in the State of California. It applies to businesses that collect California residents’ personal information, and its privacy requirements are similar to those of the EU’s GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation).</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/offering-pci-dss" rel="nofollow">Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards (DSS)</a> is a global information security standard designed to prevent fraud through increased control of credit card data.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.aicpa.org/interestareas/frc/assuranceadvisoryservices/aicpasoc2report.html" rel="nofollow">SOC 2</a> is an auditing procedure that ensures your service providers securely manage your data to protect the interests of your comapny/organization and the privacy of their clients.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.nist.gov/national-security-standards" rel="nofollow">NIST CSF</a> is a voluntary framework primarily intended for critical infrastructure organizations to manage and mitigate cybersecurity risk based on existing best practice.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Security Tools</h2><a id="user-content-security-tools" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Security Tools" href="#security-tools"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/netdata/netdata">Netdata</a> is high-fidelity infrastructure monitoring and troubleshooting, real-time monitoring Agent collects thousands of metrics from systems, hardware, containers, and applications with zero configuration. It runs permanently on all your physical/virtual servers, containers, cloud deployments, and edge/IoT devices, and is perfectly safe to install on your systems mid-incident without any preparation.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://hex-rays.com/IDA-pro/" rel="nofollow">IDA Pro(Interactive DisAssembler Professional)</a> is a programmable and multi-processor disassembler combined with a local/remote debugger and along with a complete plugin programming environment. It's a great tool for testing and discovering security vulnerabilities.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra">Ghidra</a> is a software reverse engineering (SRE) framework developed by NSA's Research Directorate for NSA's cybersecurity mission. It helps analyze any malicious code and malware like viruses, and can give cybersecurity professionals a better understanding of potential vulnerabilities in their networks and systems.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/datawave">DataWave</a> is an ingest/query framework that leverages <a href="https://accumulo.apache.org/" rel="nofollow">Apache Accumulo</a> to provide fast, secure data access.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/emissary">Emissary</a> is a P2P based data-driven workflow engine that runs in a heterogeneous possibly widely dispersed, multi-tiered P2P network of compute resources. Workflow itineraries are not pre-planned as in conventional workflow engines, but are discovered as more information is discovered about the data.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/MADCert">MADCert</a> is a cross-platform tool that consists of a certificate generator, a file system certificate manager, and a command line interface for the purposes of testing.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/Netflix/bless">BLESS(Bastion's Lambda Ephemeral SSH Service)</a> is an SSH Certificate Authority that runs as an AWS Lambda function and is used to sign SSH public keys.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/Netflix/zuul">Zuul</a> is an <a href="https://www.f5.com/services/resources/glossary/application-layer-gateway" rel="nofollow">L7 application gateway</a> that provides capabilities for dynamic routing, monitoring, resiliency, security, and more.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/Netflix/chaosmonkey">Chaos Monkey</a> is a resiliency tool that helps applications tolerate random instance failures. It is fully integrated with <a href="https://www.spinnaker.io/" rel="nofollow">Spinnaker</a>, the continuous delivery platform. Chaos Monkey will work with any backend that Spinnaker supports (AWS, Google Compute Engine, Azure, Kubernetes, Cloud Foundry).</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/Netflix/Priam">Priam</a> is a tool/process for backup/recovery, Token Management, and Centralized Configuration management for Cassandra.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/Netflix/vector">Vector</a> is an on-host performance monitoring framework which exposes hand picked high resolution metrics to every engineer’s browser.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/cgroups-part-one" rel="nofollow">Control Groups(Cgroups)</a> is a Linux kernel feature that allows you to allocate resources such as CPU time, system memory, network bandwidth, or any combination of these resources for user-defined groups of tasks (processes) running on a system.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.gnupg.org/related_software/libgcrypt/" rel="nofollow">Libgcrypt</a> is a general purpose cryptographic library originally based on code from GnuPG.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.aircrack-ng.org/" rel="nofollow">Aircrack-ng</a> is a network software suite consisting of a detector, packet sniffer, WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK cracker and analysis tool for 802.11 wireless LANs. It works with any wireless network interface controller whose driver supports raw monitoring mode and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g traffic.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://portswigger.net/burp" rel="nofollow">Burp Suite</a> is a leading range of cybersecurity tools.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cilium.io/" rel="nofollow">Cilium</a> uses eBPF to accelerate getting data in and out of L7 proxies such as Envoy, enabling efficient visibility into API protocols like HTTP, gRPC, and Kafka.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/cilium/hubble">Hubble</a> is a Network, Service & Security Observability for Kubernetes using eBPF.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://istio.io/" rel="nofollow">Istio</a> is an open platform to connect, manage, and secure microservices. Istio's control plane provides an abstraction layer over the underlying cluster management platform, such as Kubernetes and Mesos.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/cilium/certgen">Certgen</a> is a convenience tool to generate and store certificates for Hubble Relay mTLS.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://scapy.net/" rel="nofollow">Scapy</a> is a python-based interactive packet manipulation program & library.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/google/syzkaller">syzkaller</a> is an unsupervised, coverage-guided kernel fuzzer.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/google/schedviz">SchedViz</a> is a tool for gathering and visualizing kernel scheduling traces on Linux machines.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/" rel="nofollow">oss-fuzz</a> aims to make common open source software more secure and stable by combining modern fuzzing techniques with scalable, distributed execution.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.ossec.net/" rel="nofollow">OSSEC</a> is a free, open-source host-based intrusion detection system. It performs log analysis, integrity checking, Windows registry monitoring, rootkit detection, time-based alerting, and active response.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.metasploit.com/" rel="nofollow">Metasploit Project</a> is a computer security project that provides information about security vulnerabilities and aids in penetration testing and IDS signature development.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/xmendez/wfuzz">Wfuzz</a> was created to facilitate the task in web applications assessments and it is based on a simple concept: it replaces any reference to the FUZZ keyword by the value of a given payload.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://nmap.org/" rel="nofollow">Nmap</a> is a security scanner used to discover hosts and services on a computer network, thus building a "map" of the network.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/getpatchwork/patchwork">Patchwork</a> is a web-based patch tracking system designed to facilitate the contribution and management of contributions to an open-source project.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.pfsense.org/" rel="nofollow">pfSense</a> is a free and open source firewall and router that also features unified threat management, load balancing, multi WAN, and more.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.snort.org/" rel="nofollow">Snort</a> is an open-source, free and lightweight network intrusion detection system (NIDS) software for Linux and Windows to detect emerging threats.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.wireshark.org/" rel="nofollow">Wireshark</a> is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.open-scap.org/" rel="nofollow">OpenSCAP</a> is U.S. standard maintained by <a href="https://www.nist.gov/" rel="nofollow">National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)</a>. It provides multiple tools to assist administrators and auditors with assessment, measurement, and enforcement of security baselines. OpenSCAP maintains great flexibility and interoperability by reducing the costs of performing security audits. Whether you want to evaluate DISA STIGs, NIST‘s USGCB, or Red Hat’s Security Response Team’s content, all are supported by OpenSCAP.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/google/tink">Tink</a> is a multi-language, cross-platform, open source library that provides cryptographic APIs that are secure, easy to use correctly, and harder to misuse.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Main_Page" rel="nofollow">OWASP</a> is an online community, produces freely-available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the field of web application security.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://oval.mitre.org/" rel="nofollow">Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language</a> is a community effort to standardize how to assess and report upon the machine state of computer systems. OVAL includes a language to encode system details, and community repositories of content. Tools and services that use OVAL provide enterprises with accurate, consistent, and actionable information to improve their security.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Networking</h1><a id="user-content-networking" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Networking" href="#networking"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/82833053-d1687b80-9e71-11ea-8c6d-074100f2f54b.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/82833053-d1687b80-9e71-11ea-8c6d-074100f2f54b.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <br> </p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Network Learning Resources</h2><a id="user-content-network-learning-resources" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Network Learning Resources" href="#network-learning-resources"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/certification/certified-security-specialty/" rel="nofollow">AWS Certified Security - Specialty Certification</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/certifications/azure-security-engineer" rel="nofollow">Microsoft Certified: Azure Security Engineer Associate</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/certification/cloud-security-engineer" rel="nofollow">Google Cloud Certified Professional Cloud Security Engineer</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-certifications/certifications/security.html" rel="nofollow">Cisco Security Certifications</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/services/training/ex415-red-hat-certified-specialist-security-linux-exam" rel="nofollow">The Red Hat Certified Specialist in Security: Linux</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-3-303-overview" rel="nofollow">Linux Professional Institute LPIC-3 Enterprise Security Certification</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/skills/topics/cybersecurity/" rel="nofollow">Cybersecurity Training and Courses from IBM Skills</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.offensive-security.com/courses-and-certifications/" rel="nofollow">Cybersecurity Courses and Certifications by Offensive Security</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="http://training.citrix.com/cms/index.php/certification/networking/" rel="nofollow">Citrix Certified Associate – Networking(CCA-N)</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/training/certification-prep/brands/citrix/section/virtualization/citrix-certified-professional-virtualization-ccp-v/" rel="nofollow">Citrix Certified Professional – Virtualization(CCP-V)</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/s/ccnp-enterprise" rel="nofollow">CCNP Routing and Switching</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/cism" rel="nofollow">Certified Information Security Manager(CISM)</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.wiresharktraining.com/certification.html" rel="nofollow">Wireshark Certified Network Analyst (WCNA)</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.juniper.net/us/en/training/certification/" rel="nofollow">Juniper Networks Certification Program Enterprise (JNCP)</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/browse/information-technology/networking" rel="nofollow">Networking courses and specializations from Coursera</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udemy.com/courses/it-and-software/network-and-security/" rel="nofollow">Network & Security Courses from Udemy</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.edx.org/learn/cybersecurity" rel="nofollow">Network & Security Courses from edX</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Networking Tools & Concepts</h2><a id="user-content-networking-tools--concepts" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Networking Tools & Concepts" href="#networking-tools--concepts"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://curl.se/" rel="nofollow">cURL</a> is a computer software project providing a library and command-line tool for transferring data using various network protocols(HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, DICT, TELNET, LDAP LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP or SMTPS). cURL is also used in cars, television sets, routers, printers, audio equipment, mobile phones, tablets, settop boxes, media players and is the Internet transfer engine for thousands of software applications in over ten billion installations.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/curl/curl-fuzzer">cURL Fuzzer</a> is a quality assurance testing for the curl project.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/curl/doh">DoH</a> is a stand-alone application for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS) name resolves and lookups.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/httpie/httpie">HTTPie</a> is a command-line HTTP client. Its goal is to make CLI interaction with web services as human-friendly as possible. HTTPie is designed for testing, debugging, and generally interacting with APIs & HTTP servers.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/reorx/httpstat">HTTPStat</a> is a tool that visualizes curl statistics in a simple layout.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/asciimoo/wuzz">Wuzz</a> is an interactive cli tool for HTTP inspection. It can be used to inspect/modify requests copied from the browser's network inspector with the "copy as cURL" feature.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/vi/websocat">Websocat</a> is a ommand-line client for WebSockets, like netcat (or curl) for ws:// with advanced socat-like functions.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="• Connection: In networking, a connection refers to pieces of related information that are transferred through a network. This generally infers that a connection is built before the data transfer (by following the procedures laid out in a protocol) and then is deconstructed at the at the end of the data transfer. • Packet: A packet is, generally speaking, the most basic unit that is transferred over a network. When communicating over a network, packets are the envelopes that carry your data (in pieces) from one end point to the other."><pre class="notranslate"><code>• Connection: In networking, a connection refers to pieces of related information that are transferred through a network. This generally infers that a connection is built before the data transfer (by following the procedures laid out in a protocol) and then is deconstructed at the at the end of the data transfer. • Packet: A packet is, generally speaking, the most basic unit that is transferred over a network. When communicating over a network, packets are the envelopes that carry your data (in pieces) from one end point to the other. </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Packets have a header portion that contains information about the packet including the source and destination, timestamps, network hops. The main portion of a packet contains the actual data being transferred. It is sometimes called the body or the payload.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="• Network Interface: A network interface can refer to any kind of software interface to networking hardware. For instance, if you have two network cards in your computer, you can control and configure each network interface associated with them individually."><pre class="notranslate"><code>• Network Interface: A network interface can refer to any kind of software interface to networking hardware. For instance, if you have two network cards in your computer, you can control and configure each network interface associated with them individually. </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">A network interface may be associated with a physical device, or it may be a representation of a virtual interface. The "loop-back" device, which is a virtual interface to the local machine, is an example of this.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="• LAN: LAN stands for "local area network". It refers to a network or a portion of a network that is not publicly accessible to the greater internet. A home or office network is an example of a LAN. • WAN: WAN stands for "wide area network". It means a network that is much more extensive than a LAN. While WAN is the relevant term to use to describe large, dispersed networks in general, it is usually meant to mean the internet, as a whole."><pre class="notranslate"><code>• LAN: LAN stands for "local area network". It refers to a network or a portion of a network that is not publicly accessible to the greater internet. A home or office network is an example of a LAN. • WAN: WAN stands for "wide area network". It means a network that is much more extensive than a LAN. While WAN is the relevant term to use to describe large, dispersed networks in general, it is usually meant to mean the internet, as a whole. </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">If an interface is connected to the WAN, it is generally assumed that it is reachable through the internet.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="• Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that basically define a language that devices can use to communicate. There are a great number of protocols in use extensively in networking, and they are often implemented in different layers."><pre class="notranslate"><code>• Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that basically define a language that devices can use to communicate. There are a great number of protocols in use extensively in networking, and they are often implemented in different layers. </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Some low level protocols are TCP, UDP, IP, and ICMP. Some familiar examples of application layer protocols, built on these lower protocols, are HTTP (for accessing web content), SSH, TLS/SSL, and FTP.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="• Port: A port is an address on a single machine that can be tied to a specific piece of software. It is not a physical interface or location, but it allows your server to be able to communicate using more than one application. • Firewall: A firewall is a program that decides whether traffic coming into a server or going out should be allowed. A firewall usually works by creating rules for which type of traffic is acceptable on which ports. Generally, firewalls block ports that are not used by a specific application on a server. • NAT: Network address translation is a way to translate requests that are incoming into a routing server to the relevant devices or servers that it knows about in the LAN. This is usually implemented in physical LANs as a way to route requests through one IP address to the necessary backend servers. • VPN: Virtual private network is a means of connecting separate LANs through the internet, while maintaining privacy. This is used as a means of connecting remote systems as if they were on a local network, often for security reasons."><pre class="notranslate"><code>• Port: A port is an address on a single machine that can be tied to a specific piece of software. It is not a physical interface or location, but it allows your server to be able to communicate using more than one application. • Firewall: A firewall is a program that decides whether traffic coming into a server or going out should be allowed. A firewall usually works by creating rules for which type of traffic is acceptable on which ports. Generally, firewalls block ports that are not used by a specific application on a server. • NAT: Network address translation is a way to translate requests that are incoming into a routing server to the relevant devices or servers that it knows about in the LAN. This is usually implemented in physical LANs as a way to route requests through one IP address to the necessary backend servers. • VPN: Virtual private network is a means of connecting separate LANs through the internet, while maintaining privacy. This is used as a means of connecting remote systems as if they were on a local network, often for security reasons. </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Network Layers</h2><a id="user-content-network-layers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Network Layers" href="#network-layers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="While networking is often discussed in terms of topology in a horizontal way, between hosts, its implementation is layered in a vertical fashion throughout a computer or network. This means is that there are multiple technologies and protocols that are built on top of each other in order for communication to function more easily. Each successive, higher layer abstracts the raw data a little bit more, and makes it simpler to use for applications and users. It also allows you to leverage lower layers in new ways without having to invest the time and energy to develop the protocols and applications that handle those types of traffic. As data is sent out of one machine, it begins at the top of the stack and filters downwards. At the lowest level, actual transmission to another machine takes place. At this point, the data travels back up through the layers of the other computer. Each layer has the ability to add its own "wrapper" around the data that it receives from the adjacent layer, which will help the layers that come after decide what to do with the data when it is passed off. One method of talking about the different layers of network communication is the OSI model. OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect.This model defines seven separate layers. The layers in this model are: • Application: The application layer is the layer that the users and user-applications most often interact with. Network communication is discussed in terms of availability of resources, partners to communicate with, and data synchronization. • Presentation: The presentation layer is responsible for mapping resources and creating context. It is used to translate lower level networking data into data that applications expect to see. • Session: The session layer is a connection handler. It creates, maintains, and destroys connections between nodes in a persistent way. • Transport: The transport layer is responsible for handing the layers above it a reliable connection. In this context, reliable refers to the ability to verify that a piece of data was received intact at the other end of the connection. This layer can resend information that has been dropped or corrupted and can acknowledge the receipt of data to remote computers. • Network: The network layer is used to route data between different nodes on the network. It uses addresses to be able to tell which computer to send information to. This layer can also break apart larger messages into smaller chunks to be reassembled on the opposite end. • Data Link: This layer is implemented as a method of establishing and maintaining reliable links between different nodes or devices on a network using existing physical connections. • Physical: The physical layer is responsible for handling the actual physical devices that are used to make a connection. This layer involves the bare software that manages physical connections as well as the hardware itself (like Ethernet)."><pre class="notranslate"><code>While networking is often discussed in terms of topology in a horizontal way, between hosts, its implementation is layered in a vertical fashion throughout a computer or network. This means is that there are multiple technologies and protocols that are built on top of each other in order for communication to function more easily. Each successive, higher layer abstracts the raw data a little bit more, and makes it simpler to use for applications and users. It also allows you to leverage lower layers in new ways without having to invest the time and energy to develop the protocols and applications that handle those types of traffic. As data is sent out of one machine, it begins at the top of the stack and filters downwards. At the lowest level, actual transmission to another machine takes place. At this point, the data travels back up through the layers of the other computer. Each layer has the ability to add its own "wrapper" around the data that it receives from the adjacent layer, which will help the layers that come after decide what to do with the data when it is passed off. One method of talking about the different layers of network communication is the OSI model. OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect.This model defines seven separate layers. The layers in this model are: • Application: The application layer is the layer that the users and user-applications most often interact with. Network communication is discussed in terms of availability of resources, partners to communicate with, and data synchronization. • Presentation: The presentation layer is responsible for mapping resources and creating context. It is used to translate lower level networking data into data that applications expect to see. • Session: The session layer is a connection handler. It creates, maintains, and destroys connections between nodes in a persistent way. • Transport: The transport layer is responsible for handing the layers above it a reliable connection. In this context, reliable refers to the ability to verify that a piece of data was received intact at the other end of the connection. This layer can resend information that has been dropped or corrupted and can acknowledge the receipt of data to remote computers. • Network: The network layer is used to route data between different nodes on the network. It uses addresses to be able to tell which computer to send information to. This layer can also break apart larger messages into smaller chunks to be reassembled on the opposite end. • Data Link: This layer is implemented as a method of establishing and maintaining reliable links between different nodes or devices on a network using existing physical connections. • Physical: The physical layer is responsible for handling the actual physical devices that are used to make a connection. This layer involves the bare software that manages physical connections as well as the hardware itself (like Ethernet). </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The TCP/IP model, more commonly known as the Internet protocol suite, is another layering model that is simpler and has been widely adopted.It defines the four separate layers, some of which overlap with the OSI model:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="• Application: In this model, the application layer is responsible for creating and transmitting user data between applications. The applications can be on remote systems, and should appear to operate as if locally to the end user."><pre class="notranslate"><code>• Application: In this model, the application layer is responsible for creating and transmitting user data between applications. The applications can be on remote systems, and should appear to operate as if locally to the end user. </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The communication takes place between peers network.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="• Transport: The transport layer is responsible for communication between processes. This level of networking utilizes ports to address different services. It can build up unreliable or reliable connections depending on the type of protocol used. • Internet: The internet layer is used to transport data from node to node in a network. This layer is aware of the endpoints of the connections, but does not worry about the actual connection needed to get from one place to another. IP addresses are defined in this layer as a way of reaching remote systems in an addressable manner. • Link: The link layer implements the actual topology of the local network that allows the internet layer to present an addressable interface. It establishes connections between neighboring nodes to send data."><pre class="notranslate"><code>• Transport: The transport layer is responsible for communication between processes. This level of networking utilizes ports to address different services. It can build up unreliable or reliable connections depending on the type of protocol used. • Internet: The internet layer is used to transport data from node to node in a network. This layer is aware of the endpoints of the connections, but does not worry about the actual connection needed to get from one place to another. IP addresses are defined in this layer as a way of reaching remote systems in an addressable manner. • Link: The link layer implements the actual topology of the local network that allows the internet layer to present an addressable interface. It establishes connections between neighboring nodes to send data. </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Interfaces</h2><a id="user-content-interfaces" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Interfaces" href="#interfaces"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>Interfaces</strong> are networking communication points for your computer. Each interface is associated with a physical or virtual networking device. Typically, your server will have one configurable network interface for each Ethernet or wireless internet card you have. In addition, it will define a virtual network interface called the "loopback" or localhost interface. This is used as an interface to connect applications and processes on a single computer to other applications and processes. You can see this referenced as the "lo" interface in many tools.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Network Protocols</h2><a id="user-content-network-protocols" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Network Protocols" href="#network-protocols"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Networking works by piggybacks on a number of different protocols on top of each other. In this way, one piece of data can be transmitted using multiple protocols encapsulated within one another.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Media Access Control(MAC)</strong> is a communications protocol that is used to distinguish specific devices. Each device is supposed to get a unique MAC address during the manufacturing process that differentiates it from every other device on the internet. Addressing hardware by the MAC address allows you to reference a device by a unique value even when the software on top may change the name for that specific device during operation. Media access control is one of the only protocols from the link layer that you are likely to interact with on a regular basis.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>The IP protocol</strong> is one of the fundamental protocols that allow the internet to work. IP addresses are unique on each network and they allow machines to address each other across a network. It is implemented on the internet layer in the IP/TCP model. Networks can be linked together, but traffic must be routed when crossing network boundaries. This protocol assumes an unreliable network and multiple paths to the same destination that it can dynamically change between. There are a number of different implementations of the protocol. The most common implementation today is IPv4, although IPv6 is growing in popularity as an alternative due to the scarcity of IPv4 addresses available and improvements in the protocols capabilities.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>ICMP: internet control message protocol</strong> is used to send messages between devices to indicate the availability or error conditions. These packets are used in a variety of network diagnostic tools, such as ping and traceroute. Usually ICMP packets are transmitted when a packet of a different kind meets some kind of a problem. Basically, they are used as a feedback mechanism for network communications.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>TCP: Transmission control protocol</strong> is implemented in the transport layer of the IP/TCP model and is used to establish reliable connections. TCP is one of the protocols that encapsulates data into packets. It then transfers these to the remote end of the connection using the methods available on the lower layers. On the other end, it can check for errors, request certain pieces to be resent, and reassemble the information into one logical piece to send to the application layer. The protocol builds up a connection prior to data transfer using a system called a three-way handshake. This is a way for the two ends of the communication to acknowledge the request and agree upon a method of ensuring data reliability. After the data has been sent, the connection is torn down using a similar four-way handshake. TCP is the protocol of choice for many of the most popular uses for the internet, including WWW, FTP, SSH, and email. It is safe to say that the internet we know today would not be here without TCP.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>UDP: User datagram protocol</strong> is a popular companion protocol to TCP and is also implemented in the transport layer. The fundamental difference between UDP and TCP is that UDP offers unreliable data transfer. It does not verify that data has been received on the other end of the connection. This might sound like a bad thing, and for many purposes, it is. However, it is also extremely important for some functions. It’s not required to wait for confirmation that the data was received and forced to resend data, UDP is much faster than TCP. It does not establish a connection with the remote host, it simply fires off the data to that host and doesn't care if it is accepted or not. Since UDP is a simple transaction, it is useful for simple communications like querying for network resources. It also doesn't maintain a state, which makes it great for transmitting data from one machine to many real-time clients. This makes it ideal for VOIP, games, and other applications that cannot afford delays.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>HTTP: Hypertext transfer protocol</strong> is a protocol defined in the application layer that forms the basis for communication on the web. HTTP defines a number of functions that tell the remote system what you are requesting. For instance, GET, POST, and DELETE all interact with the requested data in a different way.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>FTP: File transfer protocol</strong> is in the application layer and provides a way of transferring complete files from one host to another. It is inherently insecure, so it is not recommended for any externally facing network unless it is implemented as a public, download-only resource.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>DNS: Domain name system</strong> is an application layer protocol used to provide a human-friendly naming mechanism for internet resources. It is what ties a domain name to an IP address and allows you to access sites by name in your browser.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>SSH: Secure shell</strong> is an encrypted protocol implemented in the application layer that can be used to communicate with a remote server in a secure way. Many additional technologies are built around this protocol because of its end-to-end encryption and ubiquity. There are many other protocols that we haven't covered that are equally important. However, this should give you a good overview of some of the fundamental technologies that make the internet and networking possible.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://jwt.io" rel="nofollow">JSON Web Token (JWT)</a> is a compact URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The claims in a JWT are encoded as a JSON object that is digitally signed using JSON Web Signature (JWS).</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://oauth.net/2/" rel="nofollow">OAuth 2.0</a> is an open source authorization framework that enables applications to obtain limited access to user accounts on an HTTP service, such as Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter GitHub, and DigitalOcean. It works by delegating user authentication to the service that hosts the user account, and authorizing third-party applications to access the user account.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Assembly Development</h1><a id="user-content-assembly-development" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Assembly Development" href="#assembly-development"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/101415607-18154480-389d-11eb-80e8-17a5c57e480f.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/101415607-18154480-389d-11eb-80e8-17a5c57e480f.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <br> </p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Assembly Learning Resources</h1><a id="user-content-assembly-learning-resources" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Assembly Learning Resources" href="#assembly-learning-resources"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language" rel="nofollow">Assembly</a> is a low-level programming language. It uses mnemonic codes and labels to represent machine-level code with each instruction corresponding to just one machine operation.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://riscv.org/" rel="nofollow">RISC-V Foundation</a> is a non-profit corporation controlled by its 500 members(NVIDIA, Google, Samsung, Raspberry Pi, SiFive, Canonical, and Western Digital) to drive forward the adoption and implementation of the free and open RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA).</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/intel-sdm.html" rel="nofollow">Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/introduction-to-x64-assembly.html" rel="nofollow">Introduction to x64 Assembly from Intel</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19120-01/open.solaris/817-5477/index.html" rel="nofollow">x86 Assembly Language Reference Manual for Open Solaris</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/40332.pdf" rel="nofollow">AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 1-5</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://gpuopen.com/documentation/amd-isa-documentation/" rel="nofollow">AMD GPU ISA documentation</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://developer.amd.com/resources/developer-guides-manuals/" rel="nofollow">AMD Developer Guides, Manuals, and ISA Documents</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.asma400/asmr102112.htm" rel="nofollow">Assembler language from IBM</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/zosbasics/com.ibm.zos.zappldev/zappldev_25.htm" rel="nofollow">The Assembler language on z/OS from IBM</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://wavecomp.ai/mips-technology/" rel="nofollow">MIPS Architecture & Technology from Wave Computing</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/assembly/" rel="nofollow">Assemblies in .NET</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/assembler/masm/microsoft-macro-assembler-reference" rel="nofollow">Microsoft Macro Assembler reference</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/intrinsics/compiler-intrinsics-and-assembly-language" rel="nofollow">Compiler Intrinsics and Assembly Language from Microsoft</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/" rel="nofollow">x86 and amd64 instruction Reference</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cs.lmu.edu/~ray/notes/x86assembly/" rel="nofollow">Intro to x86 Assembly Language Programming</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udemy.com/topic/assembly-language/" rel="nofollow">Learn Assembly Programming courses on Udemy</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/lecture/build-a-computer/unit-6-1-assembly-languages-and-assemblers-l4EGm" rel="nofollow">Assembly Languages and Assemblers courses on Coursera</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-004-computation-structures-spring-2017/index.htm" rel="nofollow">Intro to Assembly Language from MIT</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Assembly Tools & Architectures</h1><a id="user-content-assembly-tools--architectures" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Assembly Tools & Architectures" href="#assembly-tools--architectures"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/server-and-hpc/compile/arm-instruction-emulator/resources/tutorials" rel="nofollow">Arm Instruction Emulator (ArmIE)</a> is a tool that emulates Scalable Vector Extension (SVE) and SVE2 instructions on AArch64/ARM64 platforms.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://flatassembler.net/" rel="nofollow">FASM (flat assembler)</a> is an assembler for x86 processors that supports Intel-based assembly language on the IA-32 and x86-64 computer architectures.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/assembler/masm/masm-for-x64-ml64-exe" rel="nofollow">Microsoft Assembler (MASM) for x64</a> is Microsoft's assembler that accepts x64 assembler language.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/xsro/masm-tasm">MASM/TASM</a> is a VSCode extension that offers a way to run and debug DOS(80x86) assembly TASM/MASM through DOSBox and msdos-player.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://nasm.us/" rel="nofollow">NASM</a> is an asssembler/disassembler for the x86 CPU architecture portable to nearly every modern platform, and with code generation for many platforms old and new.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/" rel="nofollow">GAS</a> is the assembler used by the GNU Project for the default back-end of GCC. It is used to assemble the GNU operating system and the Linux kernel.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_Technologies" rel="nofollow">MIPS</a> is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by <a href="https://www.mips.com/" rel="nofollow">MIPS Technologies, Inc.</a>. In June 2018 <a href="https://www.top500.org/news/mips-acquired-by-ai-startup-wave-computing/" rel="nofollow">MIPS was Acquired by AI Startup Wave Computing</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/llvm/">LLVM</a> is a library that has collection of modular/reusable compiler and toolchain components (assemblers, compilers, debuggers, etc.). With these components LLVM can be used as a compiler framework, providing a front-end(parser and lexer) and a back-end (code that converts LLVM's representation to actual machine code).</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://tinygo.org/" rel="nofollow">TinyGo</a> is a Go compiler(based on LLVM) intended for use in small places such as microcontrollers, WebAssembly (Wasm), and command-line tools.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.tockos.org/" rel="nofollow">Tock</a> is an embedded operating system designed for running multiple concurrent, mutually distrustful applications on Cortex-M and RISC-V based embedded platforms. Tock's design centers around protection, both from potentially malicious applications and from device drivers.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://platformio.org/" rel="nofollow">PlatformIO</a> is a professional collaborative platform for embedded development with no vendor lock-in. It provides support for multiplatforms and frameworks such as IoT, Arduino, CMSIS, ESP-IDF, FreeRTOS, libOpenCM3, mbed OS, Pulp OS, SPL, STM32Cube, Zephyr RTOS, ARM, AVR, Espressif (ESP8266/ESP32), FPGA, MCS-51 (8051), MSP430, Nordic (nRF51/nRF52), NXP i.MX RT, PIC32, RISC-V.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=platformio.platformio-ide" rel="nofollow">PlatformIO for VSCode</a> is a plugin that provides support for the PlatformIO IDE on VSCode.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/keystone-engine/keystone">Keystone</a> is a lightweight multi-platform, multi-architecture(Arm, Arm64, Hexagon, Mips, PowerPC, Sparc, SystemZ & X86) assembler framework.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/unicorn-engine/unicorn">Unicorn</a> is a lightweight, multi-platform, multi-architecture CPU emulator framework(ARM, AArch64, M68K, Mips, Sparc, X86) based on <a href="https://www.qemu.org/" rel="nofollow">QEMU</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">C/C++ Development</h1><a id="user-content-cc-development" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: C/C++ Development" href="#cc-development"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/115297894-961e0d80-a111-11eb-81c3-e2bd2ac9a7cd.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/115297894-961e0d80-a111-11eb-81c3-e2bd2ac9a7cd.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <br> </p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">C/C++ Learning Resources</h2><a id="user-content-cc-learning-resources" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: C/C++ Learning Resources" href="#cc-learning-resources"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/" rel="nofollow">C++</a> is a cross-platform language that can be used to build high-performance applications developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/74528.html" rel="nofollow">C</a> is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs. It supports structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. C also provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions, which makes it one was of the most widely used programming languages today.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_C" rel="nofollow">Embedded C</a> is a set of language extensions for the C programming language by the <a href="https://isocpp.org/std/the-committee" rel="nofollow">C Standards Committee</a> to address issues that exist between C extensions for different <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system" rel="nofollow">embedded systems</a>. The extensions hep enhance microprocessor features such as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations. This makes Embedded C the most popular embedded software language in the world.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/cpp/" rel="nofollow">C & C++ Developer Tools from JetBrains</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/links/libs" rel="nofollow">Open source C++ libraries on cppreference.com</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cpp.libhunt.com/libs/graphics" rel="nofollow">C++ Graphics libraries</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/call-cpp-library-functions.html" rel="nofollow">C++ Libraries in MATLAB</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.cplusplus.com/articles/tools/" rel="nofollow">C++ Tools and Libraries Articles</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html" rel="nofollow">Google C++ Style Guide</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://developers.google.com/edu/c++/" rel="nofollow">Introduction C++ Education course on Google Developers</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/development/languages/c-cpp/cpp-style" rel="nofollow">C++ style guide for Fuchsia</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/rm/c_cpp_coding_style/" rel="nofollow">C and C++ Coding Style Guide by OpenTitan</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/styleguide/c++/c++.md" rel="nofollow">Chromium C++ Style Guide</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md">C++ Core Guidelines</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="http://wiki.ros.org/CppStyleGuide" rel="nofollow">C++ Style Guide for ROS</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.learncpp.com/" rel="nofollow">Learn C++</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.learn-c.org/" rel="nofollow">Learn C : An Interactive C Tutorial</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cppinstitute.org/free-c-and-c-courses" rel="nofollow">C++ Institute</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/c-plus-plus" rel="nofollow">C++ Online Training Courses on LinkedIn Learning</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/default.asp" rel="nofollow">C++ Tutorials on W3Schools</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.edx.org/learn/c-programming" rel="nofollow">Learn C Programming Online Courses on edX</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.edx.org/learn/c-plus-plus" rel="nofollow">Learn C++ with Online Courses on edX</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-c-plus-plus" rel="nofollow">Learn C++ on Codecademy</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/coding-for-everyone" rel="nofollow">Coding for Everyone: C and C++ course on Coursera</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/c-plus-plus-a" rel="nofollow">C++ For C Programmers on Coursera</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=c%20programming" rel="nofollow">Top C Courses on Coursera</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udemy.com/topic/c-plus-plus/" rel="nofollow">C++ Online Courses on Udemy</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udemy.com/topic/c-programming/" rel="nofollow">Top C Courses on Udemy</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udacity.com/course/c-for-programmers--ud210" rel="nofollow">C++ For Programmers Course on Udacity</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.pluralsight.com/courses/learn-program-cplusplus" rel="nofollow">C++ Fundamentals Course on Pluralsight</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-096-introduction-to-c-january-iap-2011/" rel="nofollow">Introduction to C++ on MIT Free Online Course Materials</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://online-learning.harvard.edu/course/introduction-c-programmers" rel="nofollow">Introduction to C++ for Programmers | Harvard </a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://online-learning.harvard.edu/subject/c" rel="nofollow">Online C Courses | Harvard University</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">C/C++ Tools</h2><a id="user-content-cc-tools" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: C/C++ Tools" href="#cc-tools"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" rel="nofollow">Visual Studio</a> is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft; which is a feature-rich application that can be used for many aspects of software development. Visual Studio makes it easy to edit, debug, build, and publish your app. By using Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, and Windows Store.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" rel="nofollow">Visual Studio Code</a> is a code editor redefined and optimized for building and debugging modern web and cloud applications.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg">Vcpkg</a> is a C++ Library Manager for Windows, Linux, and MacOS.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/resharper-cpp/features/" rel="nofollow">ReSharper C++</a> is a Visual Studio Extension for C++ developers developed by JetBrains.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/objc/" rel="nofollow">AppCode</a> is constantly monitoring the quality of your code. It warns you of errors and smells and suggests quick-fixes to resolve them automatically. AppCode provides lots of code inspections for Objective-C, Swift, C/C++, and a number of code inspections for other supported languages. All code inspections are run on the fly.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/features/" rel="nofollow">CLion</a> is a cross-platform IDE for C and C++ developers developed by JetBrains.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.codeblocks.org/" rel="nofollow">Code::Blocks</a> is a free C/C++ and Fortran IDE built to meet the most demanding needs of its users. It is designed to be very extensible and fully configurable. Built around a plugin framework, Code::Blocks can be extended with plugins.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mono/CppSharp">CppSharp</a> is a tool and set of libraries which facilitates the usage of native C/C++ code with the .NET ecosystem. It consumes C/C++ header and library files and generates the necessary glue code to surface the native API as a managed API. Such an API can be used to consume an existing native library in your managed code or add managed scripting support to a native codebase.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://conan.io/" rel="nofollow">Conan</a> is an Open Source Package Manager for C++ development and dependency management into the 21st century and on par with the other development ecosystems.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/hpc" rel="nofollow">High Performance Computing (HPC) SDK</a> is a comprehensive toolbox for GPU accelerating HPC modeling and simulation applications. It includes the C, C++, and Fortran compilers, libraries, and analysis tools necessary for developing HPC applications on the NVIDIA platform.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/thrust">Thrust</a> is a C++ parallel programming library which resembles the C++ Standard Library. Thrust's high-level interface greatly enhances programmer productivity while enabling performance portability between GPUs and multicore CPUs. Interoperability with established technologies such as CUDA, TBB, and OpenMP integrates with existing software.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.boost.org/" rel="nofollow">Boost</a> is an educational opportunity focused on cutting-edge C++. Boost has been a participant in the annual Google Summer of Code since 2007, in which students develop their skills by working on Boost Library development.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/" rel="nofollow">Automake</a> is a tool for automatically generating Makefile.in files compliant with the GNU Coding Standards. Automake requires the use of GNU Autoconf.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cmake.org/" rel="nofollow">Cmake</a> is an open-source, cross-platform family of tools designed to build, test and package software. CMake is used to control the software compilation process using simple platform and compiler independent configuration files, and generate native makefiles and workspaces that can be used in the compiler environment of your choice.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/" rel="nofollow">GDB</a> is a debugger, that allows you to see what is going on `inside' another program while it executes or what another program was doing at the moment it crashed.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/" rel="nofollow">GCC</a> is a compiler Collection that includes front ends for C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Ada, Go, and D, as well as libraries for these languages.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/" rel="nofollow">GSL</a> is a numerical library for C and C++ programmers. It is free software under the GNU General Public License. The library provides a wide range of mathematical routines such as random number generators, special functions and least-squares fitting. There are over 1000 functions in total with an extensive test suite.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.opengl.org/sdk/libs/GLEW/" rel="nofollow">OpenGL Extension Wrangler Library (GLEW)</a> is a cross-platform open-source C/C++ extension loading library. GLEW provides efficient run-time mechanisms for determining which OpenGL extensions are supported on the target platform.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/" rel="nofollow">Libtool</a> is a generic library support script that hides the complexity of using shared libraries behind a consistent, portable interface. To use Libtool, add the new generic library building commands to your Makefile, Makefile.in, or Makefile.am.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://maven.apache.org/" rel="nofollow">Maven</a> is a software project management and comprehension tool. Based on the concept of a project object model (POM), Maven can manage a project's build, reporting and documentation from a central piece of information.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="http://www.cs.uoregon.edu/research/tau/home.php" rel="nofollow">TAU (Tuning And Analysis Utilities)</a> is capable of gathering performance information through instrumentation of functions, methods, basic blocks, and statements as well as event-based sampling. All C++ language features are supported including templates and namespaces.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://clang.llvm.org/" rel="nofollow">Clang</a> is a production quality C, Objective-C, C++ and Objective-C++ compiler when targeting X86-32, X86-64, and ARM (other targets may have caveats, but are usually easy to fix). Clang is used in production to build performance-critical software like Google Chrome or Firefox.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://opencv.org/" rel="nofollow">OpenCV</a> is a highly optimized library with focus on real-time applications. Cross-Platform C++, Python and Java interfaces support Linux, MacOS, Windows, iOS, and Android.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://nvidia.github.io/libcudacxx" rel="nofollow">Libcu++</a> is the NVIDIA C++ Standard Library for your entire system. It provides a heterogeneous implementation of the C++ Standard Library that can be used in and between CPU and GPU code.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.antlr.org/" rel="nofollow">ANTLR (ANother Tool for Language Recognition)</a> is a powerful parser generator for reading, processing, executing, or translating structured text or binary files. It's widely used to build languages, tools, and frameworks. From a grammar, ANTLR generates a parser that can build parse trees and also generates a listener interface that makes it easy to respond to the recognition of phrases of interest.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://oatpp.io/" rel="nofollow">Oat++</a> is a light and powerful C++ web framework for highly scalable and resource-efficient web application. It's zero-dependency and easy-portable.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/bytedeco/javacpp">JavaCPP</a> is a program that provides efficient access to native C++ inside Java, not unlike the way some C/C++ compilers interact with assembly language.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cython.org/" rel="nofollow">Cython</a> is a language that makes writing C extensions for Python as easy as Python itself. Cython is based on Pyrex, but supports more cutting edge functionality and optimizations such as calling C functions and declaring C types on variables and class attributes.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/gabime/spdlog">Spdlog</a> is a very fast, header-only/compiled, C++ logging library.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://fbinfer.com/" rel="nofollow">Infer</a> is a static analysis tool for Java, C++, Objective-C, and C. Infer is written in <a href="https://ocaml.org/" rel="nofollow">OCaml</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">C# Development</h1><a id="user-content-c-development" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: C# Development" href="#c-development"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/94306457-d6c0fa00-ff27-11ea-85dc-83dbb8f3e3e6.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/94306457-d6c0fa00-ff27-11ea-85dc-83dbb8f3e3e6.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <br> </p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">C# Learning Resources</h2><a id="user-content-c-learning--resources" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: C# Learning Resources" href="#c-learning--resources"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/" rel="nofollow">C#</a> is a modern and object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft to write any application using the C# programming language on the .NET platform.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/csharp-first-steps/" rel="nofollow">Taking your first steps with C#</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/csharp" rel="nofollow">Learning C#</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/get-started/csharp/" rel="nofollow">C# development with Visual Studio</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/Docs/languages/csharp" rel="nofollow">C# programming with Visual Studio Code</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/csharp-data/" rel="nofollow">Working with data in C#</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.w3schools.com/cs/" rel="nofollow">C# Tutorial by W3Schools</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/?view=netdesktop-5.0" rel="nofollow">Windows Forms for .NET 5 and .NET Core 3.1</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/" rel="nofollow">Xamarin documentation</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udemy.com/course/advanced-topics-csharp/" rel="nofollow">Advanced Topics in C# by Udemy</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://csharp.net-tutorials.com/" rel="nofollow">The complete C# tutorial</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://learn.unity.com/course/unity-c-survival-guide" rel="nofollow">Unity C# Survival Guide</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.rabbitmq.com/dotnet-api-guide.html" rel="nofollow">RabbitMQ .NET/C# Client API</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Tools</h2><a id="user-content-tools" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Tools" href="#tools"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.mono-project.com/" rel="nofollow">Mono</a> is a software platform designed to allow developers to easily create cross platform applications. It is an open source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Runtime.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" rel="nofollow">Visual Studio</a> is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft; which is a feature-rich application that can be used for many aspects of software development. Visual Studio makes it easy to edit, debug, build, and publish your app. By using Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, and Windows Store.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/dotnet/msbuild">MSBuild</a> is the build platform for .NET and Visual Studio. MSBuild, provides an XML schema for a project file that controls how the build platform processes and builds software. Visual Studio uses MSBuild to perform team builds through Azure DevOps Server, but MSBuild can run without Visual Studio.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/roslyn-sdk/" rel="nofollow">Roslyn</a> is a .NET compiler developed by Microsoft that provides C# and Visual Basic languages with rich code analysis APIs.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/botframework-sdk">Bot Framework</a> is a framework developed by Microsoft that provides the most comprehensive experience for building conversation applications. Developers can model and build sophisticated conversation using their favorite programming languages including C#, JS, Python and Java or using Bot Framework Composer, an open-source, visual authoring canvas for developers and multi-disciplinary teams to design and build conversational experiences with Language.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://platform.uno/" rel="nofollow">Uno Platform</a> is a Universal Windows Platform Bridge that allows UWP-based code (C# and XAML) to run on iOS, Android, macOS, WebAssembly, Linux and Windows 7. It provides the full definitions of the UWP <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/whats-new/windows-10-build-19041" rel="nofollow">Windows 10 2004 (19041)</a>, and the implementation of a growing number of parts of the UWP API, such as Windows.UI.Xaml, to enable UWP and WinUI applications to run on these platforms.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/" rel="nofollow">Rider</a> is a fast and powerful, cross-platform .NET IDE devloped by JetBrains to develop .NET, ASP.NET, .NET Core, Xamarin; or Unity applications for Windows, Mac, Linux.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/" rel="nofollow">Resharper</a> is a <a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" rel="nofollow">Visual Studio</a> Extension for .NET Developers that has On-the-fly code quality analysis for C#, VB.NET, XAML, ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC, JavaScript, TypeScript, CSS, HTML, and XML. Letting you know right away if your code needs to be improved.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/decompiler/" rel="nofollow">dotPeek</a> is a tool developed by JetBrains based on ReSharper's bundled decompiler. It can reliably decompile any .NET assembly into equivalent C# or CIL code.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/profiler/" rel="nofollow">dotTrace</a> is an .NET performance Profiler developed by Jet Brains. It helps users locate performance bottlenecks in a variety of .NET applications: desktop applications, .NET Core, ASP.NET, ASP.NET Core applications hosted on IIS or IIS Express web servers, Silverlight, WCF services, Windows services, Universal Windows Platform applications, and unit tests.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/dotmemory/" rel="nofollow">dotMemory</a> is an .NET memory Profiler developed by Jet Brains. It allows the user to analyze memory usage in a variety of .NET and .NET Core applications: desktop applications, Windows services, ASP.NET web applications, IIS, IIS Express, arbitrary .NET processes, and more.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/dotcover/" rel="nofollow">dotCover</a> is an .NET unit test runner and code coverage tool developed by Jet Brains. It helps the user figure out on-the-fly which unit tests are affected by your latest code changes, and automatically re-runs the affected tests for you. The continuous testing mode can be switched on for any unit test session.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.newtonsoft.com/json" rel="nofollow">Json.NET</a> is a popular high-performance JSON framework for .NET.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/quasar/Quasar">Quasar</a> is a fast and light-weight remote administration tool coded in C#. The usage ranges from user support through day-to-day administrative work to employee monitoring. Providing high stability and an easy-to-use user interface, Quasar is the perfect remote administration solution for you.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/codecadwallader/codemaid">CodeMaid</a> is an open source Visual Studio extension to cleanup and simplify our C#, C++, F#, VB, PHP, PowerShell, JSON, XAML, XML, ASP, HTML, CSS, LESS, SCSS, JavaScript and TypeScript coding.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://dotnetfiddle.net/" rel="nofollow">.NET Fiddle</a> is an advanced online compiler for C# that allows you to create, run and share your code online.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://octopus.com/" rel="nofollow">Octopus Deploy</a> is a single place for your team to manage releases, automate deployments, and automate the runbooks that keeps your software operating.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/" rel="nofollow">Appveyor</a> is a cloud-based continuous integration system that integrates natively with your source control and allows CI configuration files to live alongside your projects.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://appharbor.com/" rel="nofollow">AppHarbor</a> is a .NET Platform-as-a-Service that let's developers deploy and scale any standard .NET application to the cloud.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.antlr.org/" rel="nofollow">ANTLR (ANother Tool for Language Recognition)</a> is a powerful parser generator for reading, processing, executing, or translating structured text or binary files. It's widely used to build languages, tools, and frameworks. From a grammar, ANTLR generates a parser that can build parse trees and also generates a listener interface that makes it easy to respond to the recognition of phrases of interest.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/Azure/autorest">AutoRest</a> is a tool generates client libraries for accessing RESTful web services using the <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification">OpenAPI Specification</a> format. It Supports C#, PowerShell, Go, Java, Node.js, TypeScript, Python, Ruby.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/lunet-io/markdig">Markdig</a> is a fast, powerful, <a href="https://commonmark.org/" rel="nofollow">CommonMark</a> compliant, extensible Markdown processor for .NET.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">.NET Development</h1><a id="user-content-net-development" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: .NET Development" href="#net-development"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93719689-0d1e0400-fb39-11ea-82e5-331a8ff8060d.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93719689-0d1e0400-fb39-11ea-82e5-331a8ff8060d.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> </p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">.NET Learning Resources</h2><a id="user-content-net-learning-resources" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: .NET Learning Resources" href="#net-learning-resources"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/dotnet/what-is-dotnet" rel="nofollow">.NET</a> is a developer platform with tools and libraries for building any type of app, including web, mobile, desktop, games, IoT, cloud, and microservices.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/" rel="nofollow">.NET documentation</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/get-started" rel="nofollow">Getting started with .NET</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/dotnet/architecture-guides" rel="nofollow">.NET Application Architecture Guide</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://blog.jetbrains.com/dotnet/2020/07/09/introducing-the-net-guide-tutorials-and-tips-tricks-for-net-rider-and-resharper/" rel="nofollow">Intro .NET Guide by JetBrains </a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/" rel="nofollow">C# documentation</a> write any application using the C# programming language on the .NET platform.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Tools</h2><a id="user-content-tools-1" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Tools" href="#tools-1"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/introduction" rel="nofollow">.NET Core</a> is a cross-platform .NET implementation for websites, servers, and console apps on Windows, Linux, and macOS.The .NET Framework supports websites, services, desktop apps, and more on Windows. Xamarin/Mono is a .NET implementation for running apps on all the major mobile operating systems.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/dotnet/runtime">.NET runtime</a> is a collection of libraries and shared host (dotnet) installers for all supported platforms, as well as the sources to .NET runtime and libraries.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://asp.net/" rel="nofollow">ASP.NET Core</a> is a cross-platform .NET framework for building modern cloud-based web applications on Windows, Mac, or Linux.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.mono-project.com/" rel="nofollow">Mono</a> is a software platform designed to allow developers to easily create cross platform applications. It is an open source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Runtime.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" rel="nofollow">Visual Studio</a> is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft; which is a feature-rich application that can be used for many aspects of software development. Visual Studio makes it easy to edit, debug, build, and publish your app. By using Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, and Windows Store.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/rider/" rel="nofollow">Rider</a> is a fast and powerful, cross-platform .NET IDE devloped by JetBrains to develop .NET, ASP.NET, .NET Core, Xamarin; or Unity applications for Windows, Mac, Linux.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/" rel="nofollow">Resharper</a> is a <a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" rel="nofollow">Visual Studio</a> Extension for .NET Developers that has On-the-fly code quality analysis for C#, VB.NET, XAML, ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC, JavaScript, TypeScript, CSS, HTML, and XML. Letting you know right away if your code needs to be improved.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/profiler/" rel="nofollow">dotTrace</a> is an .NET performance Profiler developed by Jet Brains. It helps users locate performance bottlenecks in a variety of .NET applications: desktop applications, .NET Core, ASP.NET, ASP.NET Core applications hosted on IIS or IIS Express web servers, Silverlight, WCF services, Windows services, Universal Windows Platform applications, and unit tests.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/dotmemory/" rel="nofollow">dotMemory</a> is an .NET memory Profiler developed by Jet Brains. It allows the user to analyze memory usage in a variety of .NET and .NET Core applications: desktop applications, Windows services, ASP.NET web applications, IIS, IIS Express, arbitrary .NET processes, and more.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/dotcover/" rel="nofollow">dotCover</a> is an .NET unit test runner and code coverage tool developed by Jet Brains. It helps the user figure out on-the-fly which unit tests are affected by your latest code changes, and automatically re-runs the affected tests for you. The continuous testing mode can be switched on for any unit test session.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://avaloniaui.net/" rel="nofollow">Avalonia</a> is a cross-platform XAML-based UI framework providing a flexible styling system and supporting a wide range of Operating Systems such as Windows via .NET Framework and .NET Core, Linux via Xorg, macOS.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/App-vNext/Polly">Polly</a> is a .NET resilience and transient-fault-handling library that allows developers to express policies such as Retry, Circuit Breaker, Timeout, Bulkhead Isolation, and Fallback in a fluent and thread-safe manner.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://identityserver.io/" rel="nofollow">IdentityServer</a> is a free, open source <a href="https://openid.net/connect/" rel="nofollow">OpenID Connect</a> and <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749" rel="nofollow">OAuth 2.0</a> framework for ASP.NET Core. IdentityServer4 incorporates all the protocol implementations and extensibility points needed to integrate token-based authentication, single-sign-on and API access control in your applications.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/icsharpcode/ILSpy">ILSpy</a> is the open-source .NET assembly browser and decompiler.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.hangfire.io/" rel="nofollow">Hangfire</a> is an easy way to perform background job processing in your .NET and .NET Core applications with no Windows Service or Task Scheduler required.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://microsoft.github.io/react-native-windows/" rel="nofollow">React Native Windows</a> is a ramework for building native Windows apps with React. <a href="https://reactnative.dev/" rel="nofollow">React Native</a> is a framework developed by Facebook that enables you to build world-class application experiences on native platforms using a consistent developer experience based on JavaScript and React.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://reactiveui.net/" rel="nofollow">ReactiveUI</a> is a composable, cross-platform model-view-viewmodel framework for all .NET platforms that is inspired by functional reactive programming, which is a paradigm that allows you to abstract mutable state away from your user interfaces and express the idea around a feature in one readable place and improve the testability of your application.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://reactiveui.github.io/refit/" rel="nofollow">Refit</a> is the automatic type-safe REST library for .NET Core, Xamarin and .NET.It's heavily inspired by Square's Retrofit library, Refit turns your REST API into a live interface.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/dotnet/maui">MAUI</a> is the .NET Multi-platform App UI, a framework for building native device applications spanning mobile, tablet, and desktop.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/quasar/Quasar">Quasar</a> is a fast and light-weight remote administration tool coded in C#. The usage ranges from user support through day-to-day administrative work to employee monitoring. Providing high stability and an easy-to-use user interface, Quasar is the perfect remote administration solution for you.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Python Development</h1><a id="user-content-python-development" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Python Development" href="#python-development"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93133273-ce490380-f68b-11ea-81d0-7f6a3debe6c0.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93133273-ce490380-f68b-11ea-81d0-7f6a3debe6c0.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <br> </p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Python Learning Resources</h2><a id="user-content-python-learning-resources" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Python Learning Resources" href="#python-learning-resources"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.python.org" rel="nofollow">Python</a> is an interpreted, high-level programming language. Python is used heavily in the fields of Data Science and Machine Learning.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://devguide.python.org" rel="nofollow">Python Developer’s Guide</a> is a comprehensive resource for contributing to Python – for both new and experienced contributors. It is maintained by the same community that maintains Python.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-reference-python" rel="nofollow">Azure Functions Python developer guide</a> is an introduction to developing Azure Functions using Python. The content below assumes that you've already read the <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-reference" rel="nofollow">Azure Functions developers guide</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://checkio.org/" rel="nofollow">CheckiO</a> is a programming learning platform and a gamified website that teaches Python through solving code challenges and competing for the most elegant and creative solutions.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://pythoninstitute.org" rel="nofollow">Python Institute</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://pythoninstitute.org/pcep-certification-entry-level/" rel="nofollow">PCEP – Certified Entry-Level Python Programmer certification</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://pythoninstitute.org/pcap-certification-associate/" rel="nofollow">PCAP – Certified Associate in Python Programming certification</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://pythoninstitute.org/pcpp-certification-professional/" rel="nofollow">PCPP – Certified Professional in Python Programming 1 certification</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://pythoninstitute.org/pcpp-certification-professional/" rel="nofollow">PCPP – Certified Professional in Python Programming 2</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/certifications/mta-introduction-to-programming-using-python" rel="nofollow">MTA: Introduction to Programming Using Python Certification</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/python-tutorial" rel="nofollow">Getting Started with Python in Visual Studio Code</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html" rel="nofollow">Google's Python Style Guide</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://developers.google.com/edu/python/" rel="nofollow">Google's Python Education Class</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://realpython.com" rel="nofollow">Real Python</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/ForrestKnight/open-source-cs-python">The Python Open Source Computer Science Degree by Forrest Knight</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.datacamp.com/courses/intro-to-python-for-data-science" rel="nofollow">Intro to Python for Data Science</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp" rel="nofollow">Intro to Python by W3schools</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3" rel="nofollow">Codecademy's Python 3 course</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.edx.org/learn/python" rel="nofollow">Learn Python with Online Courses and Classes from edX</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=python" rel="nofollow">Python Courses Online from Coursera</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Python Frameworks and Tools</h2><a id="user-content-python-frameworks-and-tools" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Python Frameworks and Tools" href="#python-frameworks-and-tools"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://pypi.org/" rel="nofollow">Python Package Index (PyPI)</a> is a repository of software for the Python programming language. PyPI helps you find and install software developed and shared by the Python community.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/" rel="nofollow">PyCharm</a> is the best IDE I've ever used. With PyCharm, you can access the command line, connect to a database, create a virtual environment, and manage your version control system all in one place, saving time by avoiding constantly switching between windows.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://microsoft.github.io/PTVS/" rel="nofollow">Python Tools for Visual Studio(PTVS)</a> is a free, open source plugin that turns Visual Studio into a Python IDE. It supports editing, browsing, IntelliSense, mixed Python/C++ debugging, remote Linux/MacOS debugging, profiling, IPython, and web development with Django and other frameworks.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/pylance-release">Pylance</a> is an extension that works alongside Python in Visual Studio Code to provide performant language support. Under the hood, Pylance is powered by Pyright, Microsoft's static type checking tool.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/Microsoft/pyright">Pyright</a> is a fast type checker meant for large Python source bases. It can run in a “watch” mode and performs fast incremental updates when files are modified.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/" rel="nofollow">Django</a> is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com/" rel="nofollow">Flask</a> is a micro web framework written in Python. It is classified as a microframework because it does not require particular tools or libraries.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="http://web2py.com/" rel="nofollow">Web2py</a> is an open-source web application framework written in Python allowing allows web developers to program dynamic web content. One web2py instance can run multiple web sites using different databases.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/aws/chalice">AWS Chalice</a> is a framework for writing serverless apps in python. It allows you to quickly create and deploy applications that use AWS Lambda.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.tornadoweb.org/" rel="nofollow">Tornado</a> is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Tornado uses a non-blocking network I/O, which can scale to tens of thousands of open connections.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/httpie/httpie">HTTPie</a> is a command line HTTP client that makes CLI interaction with web services as easy as possible. HTTPie is designed for testing, debugging, and generally interacting with APIs & HTTP servers.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://scrapy.org/" rel="nofollow">Scrapy</a> is a fast high-level web crawling and web scraping framework, used to crawl websites and extract structured data from their pages. It can be used for a wide range of purposes, from data mining to monitoring and automated testing.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://sentry.io/" rel="nofollow">Sentry</a> is a service that helps you monitor and fix crashes in realtime. The server is in Python, but it contains a full API for sending events from any language, in any application.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/pypa/pipenv">Pipenv</a> is a tool that aims to bring the best of all packaging worlds (bundler, composer, npm, cargo, yarn, etc.) to the Python world.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/google/python-fire">Python Fire</a> is a library for automatically generating command line interfaces (CLIs) from absolutely any Python object.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/bottlepy/bottle">Bottle</a> is a fast, simple and lightweight <a href="https://www.wsgi.org/" rel="nofollow">WSGI</a> micro web-framework for Python. It is distributed as a single file module and has no dependencies other than the <a href="https://docs.python.org/library/" rel="nofollow">Python Standard Library</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cherrypy.org" rel="nofollow">CherryPy</a> is a minimalist Python object-oriented HTTP web framework.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/huge-success/sanic">Sanic</a> is a Python 3.6+ web server and web framework that's written to go fast.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://trypyramid.com" rel="nofollow">Pyramid</a> is a small and fast open source Python web framework. It makes real-world web application development and deployment more fun and more productive.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://turbogears.org" rel="nofollow">TurboGears</a> is a hybrid web framework able to act both as a Full Stack framework or as a Microframework.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://falconframework.org/" rel="nofollow">Falcon</a> is a reliable, high-performance Python web framework for building large-scale app backends and microservices with support for MongoDB, Pluggable Applications and autogenerated Admin.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/nni">Neural Network Intelligence(NNI)</a> is an open source AutoML toolkit for automate machine learning lifecycle, including <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/nni/blob/master/docs/en_US/FeatureEngineering/Overview.md">Feature Engineering</a>, <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/nni/blob/master/docs/en_US/NAS/Overview.md">Neural Architecture Search</a>, <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/nni/blob/master/docs/en_US/Compressor/Overview.md">Model Compression</a> and <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/nni/blob/master/docs/en_US/Tuner/BuiltinTuner.md">Hyperparameter Tuning</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://plotly.com/dash" rel="nofollow">Dash</a> is a popular Python framework for building ML & data science web apps for Python, R, Julia, and Jupyter.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/spotify/luigi">Luigi</a> is a Python module that helps you build complex pipelines of batch jobs. It handles dependency resolution, workflow management, visualization etc. It also comes with Hadoop support built-in.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/locustio/locust">Locust</a> is an easy to use, scriptable and scalable performance testing tool.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/explosion/spaCy">spaCy</a> is a library for advanced Natural Language Processing in Python and Cython.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.numpy.org/" rel="nofollow">NumPy</a> is the fundamental package needed for scientific computing with Python.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://python-pillow.org/" rel="nofollow">Pillow</a> is a friendly PIL(Python Imaging Library) fork.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://ipython.org/" rel="nofollow">IPython</a> is a command shell for interactive computing in multiple programming languages, originally developed for the Python programming language, that offers enhanced introspection, rich media, additional shell syntax, tab completion, and rich history.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://turi.com/" rel="nofollow">GraphLab Create</a> is a Python library, backed by a C++ engine, for quickly building large-scale, high-performance machine learning models.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/" rel="nofollow">Pandas</a> is a fast, powerful, and easy to use open source data structrures, data analysis and manipulation tool, built on top of the Python programming language.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://coin-or.github.io/pulp/" rel="nofollow">PuLP</a> is an Linear Programming modeler written in python. PuLP can generate LP files and call on use highly optimized solvers, GLPK, COIN CLP/CBC, CPLEX, and GUROBI, to solve these linear problems.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://matplotlib.org/" rel="nofollow">Matplotlib</a> is a 2D plotting library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python. Matplotlib produces publication-quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://scikit-learn.org/stable/index.html" rel="nofollow">Scikit-Learn</a> is a simple and efficient tool for data mining and data analysis. It is built on NumPy,SciPy, and mathplotlib.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Rust Development</h1><a id="user-content-rust-development" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Rust Development" href="#rust-development"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Firmware-Guide#table-of-contents">Back to the Top</a></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93025405-8dc98700-f5b2-11ea-93f9-12b4a0ef3001.png"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/45159366/93025405-8dc98700-f5b2-11ea-93f9-12b4a0ef3001.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <br> </p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Rust Learning Resources</h2><a id="user-content-rust-learning-resources" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Rust Learning Resources" href="#rust-learning-resources"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.rust-lang.org" rel="nofollow">Rust</a> is a multi-paradigm programming language focused on performance and safety. Rust has a comparable amount of runtime to C and C++, and has set up its standard library to be amenable towards OS development. Specifically, the standard library is split into two parts: core and std. Core is the lowest-level aspects only, and doesn't include things like allocation, threading, and other higher-level features.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/" rel="nofollow">The Rust Language Reference</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/" rel="nofollow">The Rust Programming Language Book</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/learn" rel="nofollow">Learning Rust</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/opensource/why-aws-loves-rust-and-how-wed-like-to-help/" rel="nofollow">Why AWS loves Rust</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.udemy.com/courses/search/?src=ukw&q=Rust" rel="nofollow">Rust Programming courses on Udemy</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://reberhardt.com/blog/2020/10/05/designing-a-new-class-at-stanford-safety-in-systems-programming.html" rel="nofollow">Safety in Systems Programming with Rust at Standford by Ryan Eberhardt</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/opensource/2020/04/07/announcing-krustlet-kubernetes-rust-kubelet-webassembly-wasm/" rel="nofollow">WebAssembly meets Kubernetes with Krustlet using Rust</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/verona/blob/master/docs/explore.md">Microsoft's Project Verona</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Rust Tools</h2><a id="user-content-rust-tools" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Rust Tools" href="#rust-tools"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo">Cargo</a> is a package manager that downloads your Rust project’s dependencies and compiles your project.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://crater.rust-lang.org/" rel="nofollow">Crater</a> is a tool to run experiments across parts of the Rust ecosystem. Its primary purpose is to detect regressions in the Rust compiler, and it does this by building a large number of crates, running their test suites and comparing the results between two versions of the Rust compiler. It can operate locally (with Docker as the only dependency) or distributed on the cloud. It can operate locally (with Docker as the only dependency) or distributed on the cloud.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/vscode-rust">VSCode-Rust</a> is plugin that adds language support for Rust to Visual Studio Code. Rust support is powered by a separate language server - either by the official Rust Language Server (RLS) or rust-analyzer, depending on the user's preference. If you don't have it installed, the extension will install it for you (with permission). This extension is built and maintained by the Rust IDEs and editors team with the focus on providing a stable, high quality extension that makes the best use of the respective language server.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/apache/arrow">Apache Arrow</a> is a development platform for in-memory analytics. It contains a set of technologies that enable big data systems to process and move data fast. Arrow's libraries are available for C, C++, C#, Go, Java, JavaScript, MATLAB, Python, R, Ruby, and Rust.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://wasmer.io/" rel="nofollow">Wasmer</a> enables super lightweight containers based on <a href="https://webassembly.org/" rel="nofollow">WebAssembly</a> that can run anywhere such as the Desktop to the Cloud and IoT devices, and also embedded in <a href="https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer#language-integrations">any programming language</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://firecracker-microvm.github.io" rel="nofollow">Firecracker</a> is an open source virtualization technology that is purpose-built for creating and managing secure, multi-tenant container and function-based services that provide serverless operational models. Firecracker runs workloads in lightweight virtual machines, called microVMs, which combine the security and isolation properties provided by hardware virtualization technology with the speed and flexibility of containers. Firecracker has also been integrated in container runtimes, for example <a href="https://github.com/kata-containers/documentation/wiki/Initial-release-of-Kata-Containers-with-Firecracker-support">Kata Containers</a> and <a href="https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite">Weaveworks Ignite</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio">Tokio</a> is an event-driven, non-blocking I/O platform for writing asynchronous applications with the Rust programming language.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/tikv/tikv">TiKV</a> is an open-source distributed transactional key-value database that also provides classical key-vlue APIs, but also transactional APIs with ACID compliance.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://crates.io/crates/sonic-server" rel="nofollow">Sonic</a> is a fast, lightweight and schema-less search backend similar to Elasticsearch in some use-cases.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/hyperium/hyper">Hyper</a> is a fast and correct HTTP library for Rust.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket">Rocket</a> is an async web framework for Rust with a focus on usability, security, extensibility, and speed.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/" rel="nofollow">Clippy</a> is a collection of lints to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/servo/servo">Servo</a> is a prototype web browser engine written in the Rust language.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://vector.dev/" rel="nofollow">Vector</a> is a high-performance, end-to-end (agent & aggregator) observability data platform that puts the user in control of their observability data.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython">RustPython</a> is a Python Interpreter written in Rust.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/miri">Miri</a> is an interpreter for Rust's mid-level intermediate representation. It can run binaries and test suites of cargo projects and detect certain classes of undefined behavior. Miri will alsowill also tell you about memory leaks: when there is memory still allocated at the end of the execution, and that memory is not reachable from a global static, Miri will raise an error.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://rust-lang.github.io/chalk/book/" rel="nofollow">Chalk</a> is an implementation and definition of the Rust trait system using a PROLOG-like logic solver.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/arch/" rel="nofollow">stdarch</a> is Rust's standard library vendor-specific APIs and run-time feature detection.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/simpleinfra">Simpleinfra</a> is rep that contains the tools and automation written by the Rust infrastructure team to manage our services. Using some of the tools in this repo require privileges only infra team members have.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings">Rustlings</a> is a small set of exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://krustlet.dev/" rel="nofollow">Krustlet</a> acts as a Kubernetes Kubelet(written in Rust) by listening on the event stream for new pods that the scheduler assigns to it based on specific Kubernetes <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/taint-and-toleration/" rel="nofollow">tolerations</a>. The project is currently experimental.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Operating System</h2><a id="user-content-operating-system" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Operating System" href="#operating-system"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.redox-os.org" rel="nofollow">Redox</a> is a Unix-like Operating System written in Rust, aiming to bring the innovations of Rust to a modern microkernel and full set of applications. Acitvely being developed by <a href="https://gitlab.redox-os.org/jackpot51" rel="nofollow">Jeremy Soeller</a>.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/bottlerocket-os/bottlerocket">Bottlerocket OS</a> is an open-source Linux-based operating system meant for hosting containers. Bottlerocket focuses on security and maintainability, providing a reliable, consistent, and safe platform for container-based workloads.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://www.tockos.org" rel="nofollow">Tock</a> is an embedded operating system designed for running multiple concurrent, mutually distrustful applications on Cortex-M and RISC-V based embedded platforms. Tock's design centers around protection, both from potentially malicious applications and from device drivers. Tock uses two mechanisms to protect different components of the operating system. First, the kernel and device drivers are written in Rust, a systems programming language that provides compile-time memory safety, type safety and strict aliasing. Tock uses Rust to protect the kernel (the scheduler and hardware abstraction layer) from platform specific device drivers as well as isolate device drivers from each other. Second, Tock uses memory protection units to isolate applications from each other and the kernel.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/docs/+/master/rust_on_cros.md" rel="nofollow">Rust on Chrome OS</a> is a document that provides information on creating Rust projects for installation within Chrome OS and Chrome OS SDK.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://os.phil-opp.com" rel="nofollow">Writing an OS in Rust </a> is a blog series creates a small operating system in the Rust programming language by <a href="https://github.com/phil-opp">Philipp Oppermann</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contribute</h2><a id="user-content-contribute" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contribute" href="#contribute"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 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