CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="pl-PL"> <head> <base href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/"> <meta name="naver-site-verification" content="1180eb44d13244770d0549d982590f2fedc2f034"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.eu01.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"538655516",accountID:"4307007",trustKey:"4307007",xpid:"UAUHVlZTDxAEVVlXDgkFVlM=",licenseKey:"NRJS-ca24b422b198efb059e",applicationID:"418598207"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.275.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.275.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const T=new Map;function A(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return T.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>T.get(c))),i}function E(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),O=r(5603),_=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let j=!1;function P(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:T,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();T||(x=L.init,T=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,O.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),T.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(T.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,T);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[T.beacon,T.errorBeacon];j||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",_.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var T="api-",E=T+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(T,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),A(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(T,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(T,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(T,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(E+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(E,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(E,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(T,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),j=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.275.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.275.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-NvU3eQ7o5326npq3PdmyQFPyLLZ8dzJ2BG6+iqztQtUJe3LUirTbILWdA3lulN387X5fmO+nMjQ+LJRbkEPLVA==",249:"sha512-R/f355fvvfTK6aJgvL0I8Qhud5dLX6qQ7Zp5T6jXvMAyn8gP34jRy3hYQLS8EORUfSog20ecrDt9jLqfiNHbMQ==",212:"sha512-TFSNY6YbI0MLCIwHL77tq3s4Lpj2qr0N+8089sEUUOEdvqMeEJAchudmqpGRb5sfw6nx9uHsypk2HT16ipv7kg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.275.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.275.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <script>if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE|Internet Explorer/i)||navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident\/7\..*?rv:11/i)){var href=document.location.href;if(!href.match(/[?&]nowprocket/)){if(href.indexOf("?")==-1){if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"?nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","?nowprocket=1#")}}else{if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"&nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","&nowprocket=1#")}}}}</script> <script>(()=>{class RocketLazyLoadScripts{constructor(){this.v="1.2.6",this.triggerEvents=["keydown","mousedown","mousemove","touchmove","touchstart","touchend","wheel"],this.userEventHandler=this.t.bind(this),this.touchStartHandler=this.i.bind(this),this.touchMoveHandler=this.o.bind(this),this.touchEndHandler=this.h.bind(this),this.clickHandler=this.u.bind(this),this.interceptedClicks=[],this.interceptedClickListeners=[],this.l(this),window.addEventListener("pageshow",(t=>{this.persisted=t.persisted,this.everythingLoaded&&this.m()})),this.CSPIssue=sessionStorage.getItem("rocketCSPIssue"),document.addEventListener("securitypolicyviolation",(t=>{this.CSPIssue||"script-src-elem"!==t.violatedDirective||"data"!==t.blockedURI||(this.CSPIssue=!0,sessionStorage.setItem("rocketCSPIssue",!0))})),document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(()=>{this.k()})),this.delayedScripts={normal:[],async:[],defer:[]},this.trash=[],this.allJQueries=[]}p(t){document.hidden?t.t():(this.triggerEvents.forEach((e=>window.addEventListener(e,t.userEventHandler,{passive:!0}))),window.addEventListener("touchstart",t.touchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousedown",t.touchStartHandler),document.addEventListener("visibilitychange",t.userEventHandler))}_(){this.triggerEvents.forEach((t=>window.removeEventListener(t,this.userEventHandler,{passive:!0}))),document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange",this.userEventHandler)}i(t){"HTML"!==t.target.tagName&&(window.addEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler),t.target.addEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!0),this.S(t.target,"onclick","rocket-onclick"),this.C())}o(t){window.removeEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler),t.target.removeEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!1),this.S(t.target,"rocket-onclick","onclick"),this.M()}h(){window.removeEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler)}u(t){t.target.removeEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!1),this.S(t.target,"rocket-onclick","onclick"),this.interceptedClicks.push(t),t.preventDefault(),t.stopPropagation(),t.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.M()}O(){window.removeEventListener("touchstart",this.touchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousedown",this.touchStartHandler),this.interceptedClicks.forEach((t=>{t.target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click",{view:t.view,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0}))}))}l(t){EventTarget.prototype.addEventListenerWPRocketBase=EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener,EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener=function(e,i,o){"click"!==e||t.windowLoaded||i===t.clickHandler||t.interceptedClickListeners.push({target:this,func:i,options:o}),(this||window).addEventListenerWPRocketBase(e,i,o)}}L(t,e){this.interceptedClickListeners.forEach((i=>{i.target===t&&(e?t.removeEventListener("click",i.func,i.options):t.addEventListener("click",i.func,i.options))})),t.parentNode!==document.documentElement&&this.L(t.parentNode,e)}D(){return new Promise((t=>{this.P?this.M=t:t()}))}C(){this.P=!0}M(){this.P=!1}S(t,e,i){t.hasAttribute&&t.hasAttribute(e)&&(event.target.setAttribute(i,event.target.getAttribute(e)),event.target.removeAttribute(e))}t(){this._(this),"loading"===document.readyState?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",this.R.bind(this)):this.R()}k(){let t=[];document.querySelectorAll("script[type=rocketlazyloadscript][data-rocket-src]").forEach((e=>{let i=e.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");if(i&&!i.startsWith("data:")){0===i.indexOf("//")&&(i=location.protocol+i);try{const o=new URL(i).origin;o!==location.origin&&t.push({src:o,crossOrigin:e.crossOrigin||"module"===e.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")})}catch(t){}}})),t=[...new Map(t.map((t=>[JSON.stringify(t),t]))).values()],this.T(t,"preconnect")}async R(){this.lastBreath=Date.now(),this.j(this),this.F(this),this.I(),this.W(),this.q(),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.normal),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.defer),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.async);try{await this.U(),await this.H(this),await this.J()}catch(t){console.error(t)}window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-allScriptsLoaded")),this.everythingLoaded=!0,this.D().then((()=>{this.O()})),this.N()}W(){document.querySelectorAll("script[type=rocketlazyloadscript]").forEach((t=>{t.hasAttribute("data-rocket-src")?t.hasAttribute("async")&&!1!==t.async?this.delayedScripts.async.push(t):t.hasAttribute("defer")&&!1!==t.defer||"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")?this.delayedScripts.defer.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t)}))}async B(t){if(await this.G(),!0!==t.noModule||!("noModule"in HTMLScriptElement.prototype))return new Promise((e=>{let i;function o(){(i||t).setAttribute("data-rocket-status","executed"),e()}try{if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Firefox/")>0||""===navigator.vendor||this.CSPIssue)i=document.createElement("script"),[...t.attributes].forEach((t=>{let e=t.nodeName;"type"!==e&&("data-rocket-type"===e&&(e="type"),"data-rocket-src"===e&&(e="src"),i.setAttribute(e,t.nodeValue))})),t.text&&(i.text=t.text),i.hasAttribute("src")?(i.addEventListener("load",o),i.addEventListener("error",(function(){i.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-network"),e()})),setTimeout((()=>{i.isConnected||e()}),1)):(i.text=t.text,o()),t.parentNode.replaceChild(i,t);else{const i=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type"),s=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");i?(t.type=i,t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-type")):t.removeAttribute("type"),t.addEventListener("load",o),t.addEventListener("error",(i=>{this.CSPIssue&&i.target.src.startsWith("data:")?(console.log("WPRocket: data-uri blocked by CSP -> fallback"),t.removeAttribute("src"),this.B(t).then(e)):(t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-network"),e())})),s?(t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-src"),t.src=s):t.src="data:text/javascript;base64,"+window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(t.text)))}}catch(i){t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-transform"),e()}}));t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","skipped")}async A(t){const e=t.shift();return e&&e.isConnected?(await this.B(e),this.A(t)):Promise.resolve()}q(){this.T([...this.delayedScripts.normal,...this.delayedScripts.defer,...this.delayedScripts.async],"preload")}T(t,e){var i=document.createDocumentFragment();t.forEach((t=>{const o=t.getAttribute&&t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src")||t.src;if(o&&!o.startsWith("data:")){const s=document.createElement("link");s.href=o,s.rel=e,"preconnect"!==e&&(s.as="script"),t.getAttribute&&"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")&&(s.crossOrigin=!0),t.crossOrigin&&(s.crossOrigin=t.crossOrigin),t.integrity&&(s.integrity=t.integrity),i.appendChild(s),this.trash.push(s)}})),document.head.appendChild(i)}j(t){let e={};function i(i,o){return e[o].eventsToRewrite.indexOf(i)>=0&&!t.everythingLoaded?"rocket-"+i:i}function o(t,o){!function(t){e[t]||(e[t]={originalFunctions:{add:t.addEventListener,remove:t.removeEventListener},eventsToRewrite:[]},t.addEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=i(arguments[0],t),e[t].originalFunctions.add.apply(t,arguments)},t.removeEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=i(arguments[0],t),e[t].originalFunctions.remove.apply(t,arguments)})}(t),e[t].eventsToRewrite.push(o)}function s(e,i){let o=e[i];e[i]=null,Object.defineProperty(e,i,{get:()=>o||function(){},set(s){t.everythingLoaded?o=s:e["rocket"+i]=o=s}})}o(document,"DOMContentLoaded"),o(window,"DOMContentLoaded"),o(window,"load"),o(window,"pageshow"),o(document,"readystatechange"),s(document,"onreadystatechange"),s(window,"onload"),s(window,"onpageshow");try{Object.defineProperty(document,"readyState",{get:()=>t.rocketReadyState,set(e){t.rocketReadyState=e},configurable:!0}),document.readyState="loading"}catch(t){console.log("WPRocket DJE readyState conflict, bypassing")}}F(t){let e;function i(e){return t.everythingLoaded?e:e.split(" ").map((t=>"load"===t||0===t.indexOf("load.")?"rocket-jquery-load":t)).join(" ")}function o(o){function s(t){const e=o.fn[t];o.fn[t]=o.fn.init.prototype[t]=function(){return this[0]===window&&("string"==typeof arguments[0]||arguments[0]instanceof String?arguments[0]=i(arguments[0]):"object"==typeof arguments[0]&&Object.keys(arguments[0]).forEach((t=>{const e=arguments[0][t];delete arguments[0][t],arguments[0][i(t)]=e}))),e.apply(this,arguments),this}}o&&o.fn&&!t.allJQueries.includes(o)&&(o.fn.ready=o.fn.init.prototype.ready=function(e){return t.domReadyFired?e.bind(document)(o):document.addEventListener("rocket-DOMContentLoaded",(()=>e.bind(document)(o))),o([])},s("on"),s("one"),t.allJQueries.push(o)),e=o}o(window.jQuery),Object.defineProperty(window,"jQuery",{get:()=>e,set(t){o(t)}})}async H(t){const e=document.querySelector("script[data-webpack]");e&&(await async function(){return new Promise((t=>{e.addEventListener("load",t),e.addEventListener("error",t)}))}(),await t.K(),await t.H(t))}async U(){this.domReadyFired=!0;try{document.readyState="interactive"}catch(t){}await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this.G(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange(),await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded")),await this.G(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded"))}async J(){try{document.readyState="complete"}catch(t){}await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this.G(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange(),await this.G(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-load")),await this.G(),window.rocketonload&&window.rocketonload(),await this.G(),this.allJQueries.forEach((t=>t(window).trigger("rocket-jquery-load"))),await this.G();const t=new Event("rocket-pageshow");t.persisted=this.persisted,window.dispatchEvent(t),await this.G(),window.rocketonpageshow&&window.rocketonpageshow({persisted:this.persisted}),this.windowLoaded=!0}m(){document.onreadystatechange&&document.onreadystatechange(),window.onload&&window.onload(),window.onpageshow&&window.onpageshow({persisted:this.persisted})}I(){const t=new Map;document.write=document.writeln=function(e){const i=document.currentScript;i||console.error("WPRocket unable to document.write this: "+e);const o=document.createRange(),s=i.parentElement;let n=t.get(i);void 0===n&&(n=i.nextSibling,t.set(i,n));const c=document.createDocumentFragment();o.setStart(c,0),c.appendChild(o.createContextualFragment(e)),s.insertBefore(c,n)}}async G(){Date.now()-this.lastBreath>45&&(await this.K(),this.lastBreath=Date.now())}async K(){return document.hidden?new Promise((t=>setTimeout(t))):new Promise((t=>requestAnimationFrame(t)))}N(){this.trash.forEach((t=>t.remove()))}static run(){const t=new RocketLazyLoadScripts;t.p(t)}}RocketLazyLoadScripts.run()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"> <title>Techopedia - Nr 1 w Tematach: IT, Technologicznych i Kryptowalutowych</title> <link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins%3Awght%40300%3B400%3B500%3B600%3B700&ver=6.6.2&display=swap"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins%3Awght%40300%3B400%3B500%3B600%3B700&ver=6.6.2&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins%3Awght%40300%3B400%3B500%3B600%3B700&ver=6.6.2&display=swap"> </noscript> <link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="image" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5.jpg" imagesrcset="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5.jpg 500w, https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5-64x64.jpg 64w" imagesizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" fetchpriority="high"> <meta name="description" content="Techopedia pomaga w lepszym rozumieniu Techonologii oraz proponuje skuteczne rozwiązania w zakresie IT, Techniki und Krypto."> <meta property="og:locale" content="pl_PL"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:title" content="New home"> <meta property="og:description" content="Techopedia pomaga w lepszym rozumieniu Techonologii oraz proponuje skuteczne rozwiązania w zakresie IT, Techniki und Krypto."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.techopedia.com/pl"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Techopedia Polska"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-07-05T11:35:48+00:00"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/","url":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/","name":"Techopedia - Nr 1 w Tematach: IT, Technologicznych i Kryptowalutowych","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#organization"},"datePublished":"2024-05-14T05:09:26+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-05T11:35:48+00:00","description":"Techopedia pomaga w lepszym rozumieniu Techonologii oraz proponuje skuteczne rozwiązania w zakresie IT, Techniki und Krypto.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.techopedia.com/pl/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#website","url":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/","name":"Techopedia Polska","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#organization","name":"Techopedia Polska","url":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/techopedia-light.svg","contentUrl":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/techopedia-light.svg","width":209,"height":37,"caption":"Techopedia Polska"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.techopedia.com/pl/#/schema/logo/image/"}}]}</script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.techopedia.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.cookielaw.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//geolocation.onetrust.com"> <link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin rel="preconnect"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Techopedia Polska » Kanał z wpisami" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/feed"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Techopedia Polska » Kanał z komentarzami" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/comments/feed"> <script id="techo-ready"> window.advanced_ads_ready=function(e,a){a=a||"complete";var d=function(e){return"interactive"===a?"loading"!==e:"complete"===e};d(document.readyState)?e():document.addEventListener("readystatechange",(function(a){d(a.target.readyState)&&e()}),{once:"interactive"===a})},window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[]; </script> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="newfaq-content-frontend-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/plugins/faq-content-webnow/newfaq-dist/blocks.style.build.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css"> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id="global-styles-inline-css"> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--accent: #cd2653;--wp--preset--color--primary: #000000;--wp--preset--color--secondary: #6d6d6d;--wp--preset--color--subtle-background: #dcd7ca;--wp--preset--color--background: #f5efe0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 18px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 26.25px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 21px;--wp--preset--font-size--larger: 32px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="dashicons-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="gwts-gwl-lightslider-css-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/plugins/gallery-with-thumbnail-slider/includes/css/lightslider.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="gwts-gwl-style-css-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/plugins/gallery-with-thumbnail-slider/includes/css/gwts-style.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="gwts-gwl-lightgal-css-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/plugins/gallery-with-thumbnail-slider/includes/css/lightgallery.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="password-generator-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/plugins/password-generator/public/css/password-generator-public.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="references-content-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/plugins/references-content/public/css/references-content-public.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="toc-style-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents/assets/css/toc.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="twentytwenty-print-style-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty/print.css?ver=1.12.4" media="print"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="bootstrap-css-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=6.6.2" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="jquery-modal-min-css-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/css/jquery-ui.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="frontend-css-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/dist/css/bundle.8841b97dc98a61d36d66.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" id="su-shortcodes-css" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/cache/min/14/pl/wp-content/plugins/shortcodes-ultimate/includes/css/shortcodes.css?ver=1733920559" media="all"> <style id="rocket-lazyload-inline-css"> .rll-youtube-player{position:relative;padding-bottom:56.23%;height:0;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;}.rll-youtube-player:focus-within{outline: 2px solid currentColor;outline-offset: 5px;}.rll-youtube-player iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:100;background:0 0}.rll-youtube-player img{bottom:0;display:block;left:0;margin:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;border:none;height:auto;-webkit-transition:.4s all;-moz-transition:.4s all;transition:.4s all}.rll-youtube-player img:hover{-webkit-filter:brightness(75%)}.rll-youtube-player .play{height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;position:absolute;background:url(https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/img/youtube.png) no-repeat center;background-color: transparent !important;cursor:pointer;border:none;}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-has-aspect-ratio .rll-youtube-player{position:absolute;padding-bottom:0;width:100%;height:100%;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0} </style> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/gallery-with-thumbnail-slider/includes/js/lightslider.js?ver=6.6.2" id="gwts-gwl-lightslider-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/gallery-with-thumbnail-slider/includes/js/picturefill.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="gwts-gwl-cdngal-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/gallery-with-thumbnail-slider/includes/js/lightgallery-all.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="gwts-gwl-lightgallry-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/gallery-with-thumbnail-slider/includes/js/jquery.mousewheel.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="gwts-gwl-mousewheel-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/gallery-with-thumbnail-slider/includes/js/gwts.zoom.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="gwts-gwl-zoom.min-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/references-content/public/js/references-content-public.js?ver=1.0.0" id="references-content-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script id="advanced-ads-advanced-js-js-extra"> var advads_options = {"blog_id":"14","privacy":{"enabled":false,"state":"not_needed"}}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads/public/assets/js/advanced.min.js?ver=1.56.0" id="advanced-ads-advanced-js-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty/assets/js/index.js?ver=1.12.4" id="twentytwenty-js-js" async></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="bootstrap-js-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/js/jquery-ui.js?ver=6.6.2" id="jquery-modal-min-js-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/dist/./js/bundle.c42a47587cb332fbdebb.js?ver=6.6.2" id="frontend-js-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" async data-rocket-src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9460938149168805" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-src="https://cdn-4.convertexperiments.com/js/10043395-10044992.js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" async data-rocket-src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> var gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-ot-ignore> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } // https://community.cookiepro.com/s/article/UUID-d81787f6-685c-2262-36c3-5f1f3369e2a7 gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('set', 'developer_id.dNzMyY2', true); gtag("consent", "default", { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': 500, 'region': ['EU', 'UK', 'GB', 'US-CA'] }); gtag("set", "ads_data_redaction", true); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T7559C5');</script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-ot-ignore> async function adBlockDetection() { const googleAdUrl = 'https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js'; try { await fetch(new Request(googleAdUrl)).catch(_ => { dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'AdBlocker' }) }); } catch (e) { dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'AdBlocker' }); } }; adBlockDetection(); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-ot-ignore> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } // https://community.cookiepro.com/s/article/UUID-d81787f6-685c-2262-36c3-5f1f3369e2a7 gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('set', 'developer_id.dNzMyY2', true); gtag("consent", "default", { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': 500, 'region': ['EU', 'UK', 'GB', 'US-CA'] }); gtag("set", "ads_data_redaction", true); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript"> window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', (event) => { jQuery(document).on('click', '#cn-accept-cookie', function () { gtag('consent', 'update', { 'analytics_storage': (OnetrustActiveGroups.indexOf('C0002') != -1 ? 'granted' : 'denied') }); gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ads_storage': (OnetrustActiveGroups.indexOf('C0004') != -1 ? 'granted' : 'denied') }); gtag('set', 'ads_data_redaction', (OnetrustActiveGroups.indexOf('C0004') != -1 ? false : true)); }); }); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-src="//fdyn.pubwise.io/script/3dc205d3-d6ab-47fa-a604-b886ab592ac7/v3/dyn/pre_pws.js?type=tech-v2" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-src="//fdyn.pubwise.io/script/3dc205d3-d6ab-47fa-a604-b886ab592ac7/v3/dyn/pws.js?type=tech-v2" async></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="module" data-rocket-src="https://partner-app.softwareselect.com/partner.js?token=70b7ff121886b41d0983debeb5199707a27bfd3e3f69b533868e5e9909b111ee" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <meta id="ssl-partner" src="https://partner-app.softwareselect.com/partner.js?token=70b7ff121886b41d0983debeb5199707a27bfd3e3f69b533868e5e9909b111ee"> <style> ssl-shortlist { --site-color-primary: #07C; --site-color-primary-hover: #07C; --ssl-tool-position-border-color: var(--site-color-primary); --ssl-tool-position-color: var(--site-color-primary); --ssl-tool-position-top3-bg-color: var(--site-color-primary); --ssl-tool-position-top3-border-color: var(--ssl-tool-position-border-color); --ssl-tool-name-link-color:#1C2642; --ssl-tool-name-link-hover-color: var(--site-color-primary-hover); --ssl-tool-cta-bg-color: #098609; --ssl-tool-cta-hover-bg-color: #098609; --ssl-tool-cta-display-mobile--shortlist: block; --ssl-tool-grid-align-items-mobile--shortlist: start; --ssl-fulllist-tool-cta-hover-bg-color:#098609; } </style> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-json/"> <link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/104"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/xmlrpc.php?rsd"> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2"> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/"> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techopedia.com%2Fpl%2F"> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techopedia.com%2Fpl%2F&format=xml"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/" hreflang="x-default"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/se/" hreflang="sv-SE"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pt/" hreflang="pt"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/" hreflang="pl-PL"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/no/" hreflang="no-NO"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/nl/" hreflang="nl-NL"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/kr/" hreflang="ko-KR"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/jp/" hreflang="ja-JP"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/it/" hreflang="it-IT"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/fr/" hreflang="fr"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/fi/" hreflang="fi-FI"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/es/" hreflang="es-ES"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/es/" hreflang="es"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/" hreflang="en-US"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/" hreflang="en"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/gr/" hreflang="el-GR"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/de/" hreflang="de-DE"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/" hreflang="ar-SA"> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript"> var advadsCfpQueue = []; var advadsCfpAd = function( adID ){ if ( 'undefined' == typeof advadsProCfp ) { advadsCfpQueue.push( adID ) } else { advadsProCfp.addElement( adID ) } }; </script> <meta name="multisite-url" content="https://www.techopedia.com/pl"> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-ot-ignore> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ "loginStatus": "logout", "interfaceBrandName": "Techopedia", "interfaceBrandVertical": "Finance", "pageCategory": "Homepage", "pageSubCategory": "", "pageType": "Page", "technicalAdBlocker": true, "technicalEnvironment": "Production" }); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-ot-ignore> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { jQuery("nav a").click(function(){ var click_text = jQuery(this).text(); var clickURL = jQuery(this).attr("href"); if(clickURL=="#"){ clickURL = "javascript:void"; } window.dataLayer.push({ "event":"navigation", "workflowName": "Main Navigation Click", "click_text": click_text, "click_URL": clickURL }); }); }); </script> <script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( 'no-js', 'js' );</script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript"> if ( typeof advadsGATracking === 'undefined' ) { window.advadsGATracking = { delayedAds: {}, deferedAds: {} }; } </script> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/favicons/favicon-192x192.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/favicons/favicon-48x48.png"> <link rel="mask-icon" color="#0077CC" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/favicons/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/favicons/mstile-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#0077CC"> <style id="wp-custom-css"> .outer-lucky-box .campaign__partner-label-wrapper, .outer-lucky-box .read_review_url { display: none !important; } </style> <noscript> <style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style> </noscript> <link rel="prefetch" href="/" as="document"> <meta name="generator" content="WP Rocket 3.17.2.1" data-wpr-features="wpr_delay_js wpr_defer_js wpr_lazyload_images wpr_lazyload_iframes wpr_oci wpr_image_dimensions wpr_minify_css wpr_desktop wpr_dns_prefetch wpr_preload_links"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SDZVnIGteOc.O/am=DAY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpg5c7Ir1xu4O4UYB2MrBzTy-7gWA/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SDZVnIGteOc.O/am=DAY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpg5c7Ir1xu4O4UYB2MrBzTy-7gWA/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="home page-template page-template-templates page-template-New_home_page_without_news_filter page-template-templatesNew_home_page_without_news_filter-php page page-id-104 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive singular enable-search-modal missing-post-thumbnail has-no-pagination not-showing-comments show-avatars New_home_page_without_news_filter footer-top-visible aa-prefix-techo- page-template-New_Flexible_Page_Content"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SDZVnIGteOc.O/am=DAY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpg5c7Ir1xu4O4UYB2MrBzTy-7gWA/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="pl" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.techopedia.com/pl/&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script><a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#site-content">Skip to the content</a> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T7559C5" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <header class="header__mega_menu"> <div id="wrapper-navbar" class="header_wrapper"> <div class="header container"> <div class="header_container row flex-lg-nowrap"> <div class="header_hamburger"> <div class="navbar-togglemenu mega_menu__mobile_toggle"> <span class="navbar-toggle-btn"></span> </div> </div> <div class="header_logo header__logo col-8 col-lg-2"> <div class="site-logo"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="209" height="37" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/techopedia-light.svg" class="skiplazy custom-logo" alt="" decoding="async"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-8 col-lg-8 col-md-7 header-right"> <nav class="main-nav nav"> <ul id="menu-header-menu" class="nav navbar-nav menu__list"> <li id="menu-item-6" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-6"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Słowniczek</a><span class="icon"></span> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1659" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1659"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">a</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1634" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1634"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/b?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">b</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1635" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1635"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/c?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">c</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1636"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/d?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">d</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1637"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">e</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1638" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1638"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/f?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">f</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1639" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1639"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/g?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">g</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1640" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1640"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/h?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">h</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1641" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1641"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/i?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">i</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1642" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1642"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/j?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">j</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1643" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1643"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">k</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1644" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1644"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">l</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1645" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1645"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/m?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">m</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1646" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1646"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">n</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1647" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1647"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">o</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1648" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1648"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/p?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">p</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1649" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1649"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/q?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">q</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1650" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1650"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">r</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1651" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1651"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">s</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1652" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1652"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">t</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1653" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1653"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/u?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">u</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1654" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1654"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/v?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">v</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1655" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1655"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">w</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1656" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1656"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/x?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">x</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1657" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1657"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/y?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">y</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1658" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1658"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">z</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-7" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/sztuczna-inteligencja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">AI</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/kryptowaluty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Krypto</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/cyberbezpieczenstwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cyberbezpieczeństwo</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/data-management?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Data Management</a></li> </ul> <div class="mobile-flag-outer"> <div class="overlay-cl"></div> <div class="fin-country-dropdown float-right"> <div class="dropdown"><button class="btn country-dropdown--first-flag dropdown-toggle" id="finCountryDropdownFlag" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span><img width="100" height="100" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20100'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="img-flag" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/globe.svg"> <noscript> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/globe.svg" class="img-flag"> </noscript></span><span>Polski</span> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="finCountryDropdownFlag"> <div class="heading-countrie"> Języki<span class="close-country"> <img width="22" height="22" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2022'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/flg-Close.png"> <noscript> <img width="22" height="22" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/flg-Close.png"> </noscript></span> </div> <div class="modal-body"><a class="dropdown-item mega_menu_active_country" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Polski</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>English</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/de/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Deutsch</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/es/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Español</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/fr/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Français</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/gr/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Ελληνικά</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/it/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Italiano</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/nl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Nederlands</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/no/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Norsk</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pt/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Português</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/fi/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Suomeksi</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/se/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Svenska</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/kr/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>한국어</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/jp/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>日本語</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/ar/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>عربي</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="header_search header_search-desktop col-2"> <div class="header-social"></div><a class="btn header_buttons toggle_searchbar p-1 header-auto-close-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#search-bar-wrapper-mobile" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="search-bar-wrapper-mobile" style="max-width: 25px"> <img width="22" height="22" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/Search-header.svg" alt=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="search-bar-wrapper wrapper-top-search collapse header-auto-close-toggle" id="search-bar-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="input-bar-wrapper"> <div class="input-bar-wrapper-inner"> <form action="https://www.techopedia.com/pl" class="input-bar-wrapper-second" method="get" autocomplete="off"><input type="text" class="header_input" id="search-input" name="s" placeholder="Wyszukaj wśród wiadomości, przewodników i recenzji" onkeyup="ms_fetch_search_results()"> </form> <div class="search_result" id="datafetchhistory"> <div class="search-list" style="display:none;"> <div class="search-item"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/kto-jest-wlascicielem-blackrock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="trending-search-item"></div> <div class="title-date"><span class="s-title">Kto jest właścicielem BlackRock: akcjonariusze spółki w 2024 roku</span> </div></a> </div> <div class="search-item"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/samsung-galaxy-s25-ultra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="trending-search-item"></div> <div class="title-date"><span class="s-title">Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra – jakie innowacje wniesie nowy model?</span> </div></a> </div> <div class="search-item"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/kto-ma-najwiecej-bitcoinow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="trending-search-item"></div> <div class="title-date"><span class="s-title">Kto ma najwięcej bitcoinów? 10 czołowych posiadaczy BTC</span> </div></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search_result" id="datafetch"></div> </div> </div><a class="btn py-1 px-3 position-absolute end-0 top-0 header_close-searchbar-btn--desk" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#search-bar-wrapper-mobile" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="search-bar-wrapper-mobile"><img width="22" height="22" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2022'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/search-close.svg"> <noscript> <img width="22" height="22" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/search-close.svg" alt=""> </noscript></a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="container bredcrumbset "> <nav class="mb-2" aria-label="breadcrumb" id="breadcrumb"> <ol class="breadcrumb m-0 p-0"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a class="home-link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=+https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/home-icon.svg" class="skiplazy"></a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> <main id="site-content"> <section class="latest-news latest-home-top latest-home-block new_filter_outer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 latest-news-inner pade-none"> <div class="popular-new-int"> <h2 class="popular-headings">Najnowsze wiadomości <span class="show-all-button show-all-for-mobile"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/tematy-artykulow/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Więcej</a></span></h2><span class="show-all-button show-all-for-desktop"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/tematy-artykulow/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Więcej</a></span> </div> <div class="news-loader-int" style="display:none;"> <span id="news-loader-data"></span> </div> <div class="latest-news-iiner2 new_filter_data"> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-9 homepage-left"> <div class="homepage-left-inner"> <div class="homepage-left-img"> <a class="stretched-link text-decoration-none" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/psychologiczne-triki-w-grach-wideo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img width="500" height="500" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5.jpg" class="img-fluid card-img skiplazy wp-post-image" alt="czlowiek grajacy na padzie" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 500w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5-300x300.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5-150x150.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 150w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/human-people-person-5-64x64.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 64w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"></a> </div> <div class="card-img-overlay d-flex"> <div class="jan-card__content"> <div class="tp-top-story"> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/fav-icon.svg" alt=""><span>Top Story</span> </div><a class="cat-namecl" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/gaming?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Gaming</a> <a class="stretched-link text-decoration-none" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/psychologiczne-triki-w-grach-wideo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <h3>W co grasz? Psychologiczne triki w grach wideo</h3></a> <div class="author-name"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/nicolewilling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2040%2040'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Photo of Nicole Willing" width="40" height="40" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/avatar_user_286558_1686116119-300x300.jpg"> <noscript> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/avatar_user_286558_1686116119-300x300.jpg" alt="Photo of Nicole Willing" width="40" height="40"> </noscript>Nicole Willing </a><span class="post-timeing">2 tygodnie</span> </div> <p class="card-text">Jeśli chcesz na chwilę oderwać się od rzeczywistości, masz wiele opcji do wyboru: od imprezowania z przyjaciółmi, poprzez relaks na łonie natury, po gry...</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 homepage-right"> <ul> <li> <div class="home-right-img"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/black-friday/kupujemy-gry-na-black-friday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img width="580" height="387" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/composite-image-tablet-glasses-next-to-joystick-music-headphone-wallet-against-sale-advertisement-62197666.webp" class="img-fluid card-img skiplazy wp-post-image" alt="gry na black friday gdzie szukac" decoding="async" srcset="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/composite-image-tablet-glasses-next-to-joystick-music-headphone-wallet-against-sale-advertisement-62197666.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 800w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/composite-image-tablet-glasses-next-to-joystick-music-headphone-wallet-against-sale-advertisement-62197666-300x200.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/composite-image-tablet-glasses-next-to-joystick-music-headphone-wallet-against-sale-advertisement-62197666-768x513.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 768w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px"> </a> </div> <div class="home-right-innercl"><a class="cat-namecl" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/black-friday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Black Friday</a> <h5><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/black-friday/kupujemy-gry-na-black-friday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Kupujemy gry na Black Friday</a></h5><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/timkeary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tim Keary</a><span class="post-timeing">2 tygodnie</span> </div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="latestnews-second-sec"> <div class="trending-box-inner"> <div class="trending-img"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/konfiguracja-vpn-krok-po-kroku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img width="480" height="382" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/gear-machine-spoke-wheel-screen-collage-poster-electronics-monitor-tex-2.jpg" class="img-fluid card-img skiplazy wp-post-image" alt="konfiguracja vpn" decoding="async" srcset="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/gear-machine-spoke-wheel-screen-collage-poster-electronics-monitor-tex-2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 480w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/gear-machine-spoke-wheel-screen-collage-poster-electronics-monitor-tex-2-300x239.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px"> </a> </div> <div class="trending-text"><a class="cat-namecl" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/uncategorized?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Uncategorized</a> <h5><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/konfiguracja-vpn-krok-po-kroku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Konfiguracja VPN krok po kroku</a></h5><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/timkeary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tim Keary</a><span class="post-timeing">2 tygodnie</span> </div> </div> <div class="trending-box-inner"> <div class="trending-img"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/top-7-trendow-i-technologii-swiata-kryptowalut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img width="580" height="290" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Blockchain-Supply-Chain-1024x512.jpg" class="img-fluid card-img skiplazy wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Blockchain-Supply-Chain-1024x512.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1024w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Blockchain-Supply-Chain-300x150.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Blockchain-Supply-Chain-768x384.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 768w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Blockchain-Supply-Chain.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px"> </a> </div> <div class="trending-text"><a class="cat-namecl" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/blockchain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Blockchain</a> <h5><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/top-7-trendow-i-technologii-swiata-kryptowalut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Top 7 trendów i technologii na rynku kryptowalut w 2024</a></h5><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/mensholonglepcha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mensholong Lepcha</a><span class="post-timeing">2 tygodnie</span> </div> </div> <div class="trending-box-inner"> <div class="trending-img"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/hossa-bitcoina-kiedy-osiagnie-100-000-usd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img width="580" height="331" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/bitcoin.jpg-1024x585.webp" class="img-fluid card-img skiplazy wp-post-image" alt="bitcoin ath" decoding="async" srcset="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/bitcoin.jpg-1024x585.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1024w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/bitcoin.jpg-300x171.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/bitcoin.jpg-768x439.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 768w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/bitcoin.jpg-1536x878.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1536w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/bitcoin.jpg-1200x686.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1200w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/bitcoin.jpg.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1792w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px"> </a> </div> <div class="trending-text"><a class="cat-namecl" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/blockchain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Blockchain</a> <h5><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/hossa-bitcoina-kiedy-osiagnie-100-000-usd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Hossa Bitcoina 2024: Kiedy BTC osiągnie 100 000 USD?</a></h5><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/mensholonglepcha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mensholong Lepcha</a><span class="post-timeing">2 tygodnie</span> </div> </div> <div class="trending-box-inner"> <div class="trending-img"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/czy-desci-to-kolejny-trend-web3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img width="580" height="331" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/Science.jpg-1024x585.webp" class="img-fluid card-img skiplazy wp-post-image" alt="Science" decoding="async" srcset="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/Science.jpg-1024x585.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1024w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/Science.jpg-300x171.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/Science.jpg-768x439.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 768w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/Science.jpg-1536x878.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1536w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/Science.jpg-1200x686.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1200w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/Science.jpg.webp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1792w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px"> </a> </div> <div class="trending-text"><a class="cat-namecl" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/blockchain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Blockchain</a> <h5><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/czy-desci-to-kolejny-trend-web3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Czy zdecentralizowana nauka (DeSci) to kolejny trend Web3?</a></h5><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/mensholonglepcha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mensholong Lepcha</a><span class="post-timeing">2 tygodnie</span> </div> </div> <div class="trending-box-inner"> <div class="trending-img"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/black-friday/najlepsze-wskazowki-na-zakupy-black-friday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img width="580" height="242" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/black-friday-shopping-tips-1024x427.png" class="img-fluid card-img skiplazy wp-post-image" alt="wskazówki zakupy black friday" decoding="async" srcset="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/black-friday-shopping-tips-1024x427.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1024w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/black-friday-shopping-tips-300x125.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/black-friday-shopping-tips-768x320.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 768w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/11/black-friday-shopping-tips.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px"> </a> </div> <div class="trending-text"><a class="cat-namecl" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/black-friday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Black Friday</a> <h5><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/black-friday/najlepsze-wskazowki-na-zakupy-black-friday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Najlepsze wskazówki na zakupy Black Friday</a></h5><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/timkeary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tim Keary</a><span class="post-timeing">2 tygodnie</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="dictionary-section section-pad"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="dictionary-inner pade-none"> <div class="dictionary-top"> <div class="tech-heading"> <img width="188" height="36" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/pl_techslowniczek.svg" alt=""> </div> <div class="dictionary-search"> <form action="/" method="get"><input name="s" value="" class="form-control form-control-lg" type="text" placeholder="Wyszukaj specjalistyczne hasło " aria-label="" aria-describedby="topic-search" autocomplete="off" id="dictionarykeyword" data-url="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"> </form> <div class="dictionary-search_result" id="datafetchhistory"> <div class="search-list" style="display:none;"> <div class="search-loading" style="display:none;"> <img width="100" height="100" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20100'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="loading" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/search-loading.gif"> <noscript> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/search-loading.gif" alt="loading"> </noscript> </div><a class="explore_all_term_URL" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Explore all terms</a> <ul class="dictionary_post_data" style="display:none;"></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="treanding-termcl"> <h4>Najczęściej wyszukiwane terminy<img width="25" height="25" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2025%2025'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/Trending.svg"> <noscript> <img width="25" height="25" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/Trending.svg"> </noscript></h4> <div class="treanding-term-inner"> <ul class="jan-sub-nav list-group list-group-flush"> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 5002" count="300"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/ai-washing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">AI washing</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 7362" count="144"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/airdrop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Airdrop</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 7345" count="120"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/aktor-stanowiacy-zagrozenie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Aktor stanowiący zagrożenie</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 1365" count="592"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/analityka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Analityka</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 7482" count="107"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/antivirus-killer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Antivirus (AV) killer</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 6849" count="129"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/anty-malware?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Anty malware</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 7064" count="137"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/antyspyware?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Antyspyware</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 399" count="629"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/atak-ddos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Atak DDoS</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 1253" count="598"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/dusting-kryptowaluty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Atak typu dusting (crypto dust attack)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 6326" count="236"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/automatyzacja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Automatyzacja</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 1196" count="677"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/baza-danych?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Baza danych</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 5770" count="217"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/bebny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bębny</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 7623" count="106"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/bezpieczenstwo-vpn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bezpieczeństwo VPN</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 1473" count="637"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/bezposredni-dostep-do-pamieci-dma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bezpośredni dostęp do pamięci (DMA)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 949" count="755"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/big-data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Big data</a></li> <li class="list-group-item jan-sub-nav-item 464" count="747"><a class="jan-sub-nav-item__link" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/bitcoin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bitcoin (BTC)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="dictionary-inner2"> <h3 class="popular-headings">Popularne tematy <span class="show-all-button"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Więcej</a></span></h3> <div class="row jan-dictionary "> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 latest-ans-inner2"> <div class="latest-ans-card"> <div class="popular-wrappercl"><span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczekkat/kryptowaluty/blockchain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Blockchain</a></span> <h4><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/ripple-xrp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ripple (XRP)</a></h4> <p class="card-text">Czym jest Ripple (XRP)? Ripple Labs (XRP) to firma technologiczna, która dostarcza rozwiązania blockchain i tokenizacji dla płatności transgranicznych, przechowywania...</p> </div> <div class="latest-card-bottom"><a class="fullanswer-button" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/ripple-xrp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Pełne wyjaśnienie</a> <div class="latest-author"> <div class="latest-bottomcl"> <p><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/mensholonglepcha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mensholong Lepcha</a> <span class="contributorcl">Crypto Specialist</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 latest-ans-inner2"> <div class="latest-ans-card"> <div class="popular-wrappercl"><span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczekkat/cyberbezpieczenstwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cyberbezpieczeństwo</a></span> <h4><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/klient-vpn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Klient VPN</a></h4> <p class="card-text">Czym jest klient VPN? Klient VPN to urządzenie końcowe, oprogramowanie lub użytkownik, który szuka połączenia, sieci lub usług danych z...</p> </div> <div class="latest-card-bottom"><a class="fullanswer-button" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/klient-vpn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Pełne wyjaśnienie</a> <div class="latest-author"> <div class="latest-bottomcl"> <p><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/margaret-rouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Margaret Rouse</a> <span class="contributorcl">Technology expert</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 latest-ans-inner2"> <div class="latest-ans-card"> <div class="popular-wrappercl"><span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczekkat/cyberbezpieczenstwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cyberbezpieczeństwo</a></span> <h4><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/password-sniffer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Password sniffer</a></h4> <p class="card-text">Czym jest password sniffer? Password sniffer to oprogramowanie, które skanuje, przechwytuje i rejestruje hasła wykorzystywane lub przekazywane na komputerze lub...</p> </div> <div class="latest-card-bottom"><a class="fullanswer-button" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/password-sniffer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Pełne wyjaśnienie</a> <div class="latest-author"> <div class="latest-bottomcl"> <p><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/margaret-rouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Margaret Rouse</a> <span class="contributorcl">Technology expert</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 latest-ans-inner2"> <div class="latest-ans-card"> <div class="popular-wrappercl"><span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/definitioncat/antywirus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Antywirus</a></span> <h4><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/trojan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Trojan</a></h4> <p class="card-text">Czym jest trojan? Trojan to pozornie niegroźny program, który po uruchomieniu wyrządza szkody w systemie komputerowym. Kiedyś był też znany...</p> </div> <div class="latest-card-bottom"><a class="fullanswer-button" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek/trojan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Pełne wyjaśnienie</a> <div class="latest-author"> <div class="latest-bottomcl"> <p><a class="author-name" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/margaret-rouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Margaret Rouse</a> <span class="contributorcl">Technology expert</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="award-section tp-award-sec"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 award-inner"> <div class="tp-award-left"><img width="209" height="37" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/techopedia-light.svg"> <span class="award_winning-heading">Gdzie spotykają się rzetelne badania i wiedza ekspercka.</span> <p>Od 2010 roku Techopedia pomaga milionom ludzi w rozwiązywaniu dużych i małych problemów technologicznych. Współpracujemy ze sprawdzonymi ekspertami, zespołem wyszkolonych badaczy i zaangażowaną społecznością, aby tworzyć najbardziej wiarygodne, kompleksowe i wciągające poradniki.</p> <div class="explained-button"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/o-nas/polityka-redakcyjna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Nasz proces redakcyjny</a> </div> </div> <div class="tp-award-right"> <div class="readers-outer"> <div class="readers-repeter-inner"> <div class="readers-repeter"><strong>3M+</strong> <span>czytelników w miesiącu</span> </div> <div class="readers-repeter"><strong>35K+</strong> <span>napisanych artykułów</span> </div> <div class="readers-repeter"><strong>300K</strong> <span>subskrybentów newslettera</span> </div> <div class="readers-repeter"><strong>5000+</strong> <span>godzin przeprowadzonych badań</span> </div> </div> <div class="award-top-autohr"> <div class="award-top-right"> <div class="autohr-img"> <a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/linda-rosencrance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/linda-rosencrance.jpg" data-src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/linda-rosencrance.jpg"" alt="Photo of Linda Rosencrance" height="150" width="150"> </a> </div> <div class="autohr-img"> <a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/kaushik-pal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kaushik-pal-e.jpg" data-src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kaushik-pal-e.jpg"" alt="Photo of Kaushik Pal" height="150" width="150"> </a> </div> <div class="autohr-img"> <a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/margaret-rouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/margaret-rouse-headshot.jpeg" data-src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/margaret-rouse-headshot.jpeg"" alt="Photo of Margaret Rouse" height="150" width="150"> </a> </div> <div class="autohr-img"> <a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/nataliemedleva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/avatar_user_286630_1696508696-300x300.jpg" data-src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/avatar_user_286630_1696508696-300x300.jpg"" alt="Photo of Natalie Medleva" height="150" width="150"> </a> </div> <div class="autohr-img"> <a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/timkeary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/avatar_user_286576_1687989285-300x300.jpg" data-src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/avatar_user_286576_1687989285-300x300.jpg"" alt="Photo of Tim Keary" height="150" width="150"> </a> </div> <div class="autohr-img"> <a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/nicolewilling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/avatar_user_286558_1686116119-300x300.jpg" data-src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/avatar_user_286558_1686116119-300x300.jpg"" alt="Photo of Nicole Willing" height="150" width="150"> </a> </div> <div class="autohr-img"> <a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/author/samcooling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/avatar_user_286474_1680781062-300x300.jpg" data-src="https://www.techopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/avatar_user_286474_1680781062-300x300.jpg"" alt="Photo of Sam Cooling" height="150" width="150"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="readers-repeter"><strong>100+</strong> <span>Ekspertów</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="brand-logo-sec"><span class="brands-heading">Partnerzy, z którymi współpracujemy</span> <div class="brands-logo-inner"> <div class="tp-logo-repeter"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"><img width="150" height="34" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20150%2034'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/Surfshark_logo.svg"> <noscript> <img width="150" height="34" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/Surfshark_logo.svg"> </noscript></a> </div> <div class="tp-logo-repeter"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"><img width="150" height="34" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20150%2034'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/totalav_logo.svg"> <noscript> <img width="150" height="34" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/totalav_logo.svg"> </noscript></a> </div> <div class="tp-logo-repeter"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"><img width="150" height="34" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20150%2034'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/monday_logo.svg"> <noscript> <img width="150" height="34" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/monday_logo.svg"> </noscript></a> </div> <div class="tp-logo-repeter"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"><img width="150" height="34" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20150%2034'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/salesforce_logo.svg"> <noscript> <img width="150" height="34" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/salesforce_logo.svg"> </noscript></a> </div> <div class="tp-logo-repeter"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"><img width="151" height="34" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20151%2034'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/samsung_logo.svg"> <noscript> <img width="151" height="34" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/samsung_logo.svg"> </noscript></a> </div> <div class="tp-logo-repeter"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"><img width="151" height="34" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20151%2034'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/ibm_logo.svg"> <noscript> <img width="151" height="34" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/ibm_logo.svg"> </noscript></a> </div> <div class="tp-logo-repeter"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"><img width="150" height="34" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20150%2034'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/oracle_logo.svg"> <noscript> <img width="150" height="34" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/06/oracle_logo.svg"> </noscript></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="popular-categorie-section popular-cat-home section-pad"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 popular-categorie-inner"> <div class="categorie-inner"> <h4 class="popular-headings">Popularne kategorie <div class="show-all-button"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/tematy-artykulow/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Więcej</a> </div></h4> <div class="popular-taxtop"> <div class="popular-cat"><a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/sztuczna-inteligencja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="popular-cat-img"><img width="51" height="51" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2051%2051'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Sztuczna Inteligencja" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Artificial.svg"> <noscript> <img width="51" height="51" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Artificial.svg" alt="Sztuczna Inteligencja"> </noscript> </div><span>Sztuczna Inteligencja</span> </a> </div> <div class="popular-cat"><a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/kryptowaluty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="popular-cat-img"><img width="51" height="51" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2051%2051'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Kryptowaluty" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Cryptos.svg"> <noscript> <img width="51" height="51" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Cryptos.svg" alt="Kryptowaluty"> </noscript> </div><span>Kryptowaluty</span> </a> </div> <div class="popular-cat"><a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/cyberbezpieczenstwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="popular-cat-img"><img width="50" height="50" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2050%2050'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Cyberbezpieczeństwo" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Property-1cyber-security.svg"> <noscript> <img width="50" height="50" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Property-1cyber-security.svg" alt="Cyberbezpieczeństwo"> </noscript> </div><span>Cyberbezpieczeństwo</span> </a> </div> <div class="popular-cat"><a tabindex="-1" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/data-management?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="popular-cat-img"><img width="50" height="50" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2050%2050'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Data Management" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Property-1data-management-1.svg"> <noscript> <img width="50" height="50" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Property-1data-management-1.svg" alt="Data Management"> </noscript> </div><span>Data Management</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </main> <footer class="footer-section"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 footer-one"> <div class="sidebar-box"> <span class="widgettitle accordButcl">Techopedia</span> <div class="accordiCont"> <nav class="menu-techopedia-footer-container" aria-label="Techopedia"> <ul id="menu-techopedia-footer" class="menu"> <li id="menu-item-21" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/slowniczek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Słowniczek</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-22"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/tematy-artykulow/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tematy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/o-nas/polityka-prywatnosci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="menu-item-100" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-100"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/about/termsofuse/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Regulamin</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 footer-one"> <div class="sidebar-box"> <span class="widgettitle accordButcl">Popularne Kategorie</span> <div class="accordiCont"> <nav class="menu-popularne-kategorie-container" aria-label="Popularne Kategorie"> <ul id="menu-popularne-kategorie" class="menu"> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/sztuczna-inteligencja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sztuczna Inteligencja</a></li> <li id="menu-item-26" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/kryptowaluty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Kryptowaluty</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/cyberbezpieczenstwo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cyberbezpieczeństwo</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/data-management?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Data Management</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 footer-one"> <div class="widget widget_nav_menu"> <span class="widgettitle accordButcl">O Nas</span> <div class="accordiCont"> <nav class="menu-o-techopedia-container" aria-label="O Nas"> <ul id="menu-o-techopedia" class="menu"> <li id="menu-item-198" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-198"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/o-nas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">O nas</a></li> <li id="menu-item-139" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-139"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/about/contact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Kontakt</a></li> <li id="menu-item-130" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-130"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/eksperci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Nasi eksperci</a></li> <li id="menu-item-124" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-124"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/o-nas/polityka-redakcyjna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Polityka redakcyjna</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 footer-one"></div> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 footer-logo"> <div class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <div class="widget-content"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"> <a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img width="209" height="37" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20209%2037'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-6760" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/techopedia-dark.svg"> <noscript> <img width="209" height="37" decoding="async" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/techopedia-dark.svg" alt="" class="wp-image-6760"> </noscript></a> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="widget widget_block"> <div class="widget-content"> <div class="social-media"> <ul> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://twitter.com/techopedia"><img width="20" height="21" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2020%2021'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/tw-white.svg"> <noscript> <img width="20" height="21" decoding="async" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/tw-white.svg" alt=""> </noscript></a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.facebook.com/techopedia/"><img width="20" height="20" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2020%2020'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Fb-white.svg"> <noscript> <img width="20" height="20" decoding="async" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Fb-white.svg" alt=""> </noscript></a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.linkedin.com/company/techopedia/"><img width="18" height="18" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2018'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Link-white.svg"> <noscript> <img width="18" height="18" decoding="async" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Link-white.svg" alt=""> </noscript></a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/c/Techopedia"><img width="20" height="20" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2020%2020'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Ytube-white-1.svg"> <noscript> <img width="20" height="20" decoding="async" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/05/Ytube-white-1.svg" alt=""> </noscript></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 footer-list"> <div class="footer-box2"> <span class="widgettitle accordButcl">TechSłowniczek</span> <div class="accordiCont"> <nav class="menu-techslowniczek-container" aria-label="TechSłowniczek"> <ul id="menu-techslowniczek" class="menu"> <li id="menu-item-57" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-57"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">#</a></li> <li id="menu-item-58" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-58"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">A</a></li> <li id="menu-item-59" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-59"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">B</a></li> <li id="menu-item-60" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-60"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">C</a></li> <li id="menu-item-61" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-61"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">D</a></li> <li id="menu-item-62" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-62"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">E</a></li> <li id="menu-item-63" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-63"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">F</a></li> <li id="menu-item-64" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-64"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">G</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-65"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">H</a></li> <li id="menu-item-66" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-66"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">I</a></li> <li id="menu-item-67" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-67"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">J</a></li> <li id="menu-item-68" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-68"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">K</a></li> <li id="menu-item-69" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-69"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">L</a></li> <li id="menu-item-70" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-70"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">M</a></li> <li id="menu-item-71" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-71"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">N</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-72"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">O</a></li> <li id="menu-item-73" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">P</a></li> <li id="menu-item-74" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-74"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">Q</a></li> <li id="menu-item-75" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-75"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">R</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-76"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">S</a></li> <li id="menu-item-77" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-77"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">T</a></li> <li id="menu-item-78" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">U</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-79"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">V</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-80"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">W</a></li> <li id="menu-item-81" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-81"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">X</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-82"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">Y</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">Z</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="footer-box2"> <p>Zarejestrowany adres: Tower Financial Centre, 12th Floor, 50th Street & Corner of Elvira, Panama City, Panama. © Techopedia. Wszystkie prawa zastrzeżone.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="country-flag-cl desktop-flag footer-flag-cl"> <div class="overlay-cl"></div> <div class="fin-country-dropdown float-right"> <div class="dropdown"><button class="btn country-dropdown--first-flag dropdown-toggle" id="finCountryDropdownFlag" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span><img width="100" height="100" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20100'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="img-flag" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/globe.svg"> <noscript> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/globe.svg" class="img-flag"> </noscript></span><span>Polski</span> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="finCountryDropdownFlag"> <div class="heading-countrie"> Języki<span class="close-country"> <img width="22" height="22" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2022'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/flg-Close.png"> <noscript> <img width="22" height="22" src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/flg-Close.png"> </noscript></span> </div> <div class="modal-body"><a class="dropdown-item mega_menu_active_country" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Polski</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>English</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/de/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Deutsch</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/es/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Español</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/fr/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Français</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/gr/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Ελληνικά</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/it/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Italiano</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/nl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Nederlands</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/no/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Norsk</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pt/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Português</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/fi/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Suomeksi</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/se/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>Svenska</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/kr/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>한국어</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/jp/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>日本語</span></a><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/ar/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span>عربي</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <a class="to-the-top jan-to-top scroll-back-to-top-wrapper" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/pl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#site-header"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center h-100"><img src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child-multisites/images/back-to-top.svg" width="14" height="27" alt=""> </div></a>   <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { function ms_fetch_search_results(){ jQuery('#datafetchhistory').hide(); jQuery.ajax({ url: 'https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', type: 'post', data: { action: 'ms_search_data_fetch', keyword: jQuery('#search-input').val() }, beforeSend: function() { jQuery('#datafetch').html( '<div class="search-list noresult">Loading...</div>' ); }, success: function(data) { if( jQuery('#search-input').val() =="" ) { jQuery('#datafetch').html(""); return; } else { jQuery('#datafetch').html( data ); } } }); } });</script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { const myElement = document.querySelector("#Footer_Ros"); if (myElement) { const mutationCallback = (mutationsList) => { for (const mutation of mutationsList) { if (mutation.type === "attributes" && mutation.attributeName === "data-google-query-id") { jQuery("footer").addClass("footer-ads-showing"); jQuery(".footer_inner_ads").show(); } } }; const observer = new MutationObserver(mutationCallback); observer.observe(myElement, { attributes: true }); } });</script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="rocket-browser-checker-js-after"> "use strict";var _createClass=function(){function defineProperties(target,props){for(var i=0;i<props.length;i++){var descriptor=props[i];descriptor.enumerable=descriptor.enumerable||!1,descriptor.configurable=!0,"value"in descriptor&&(descriptor.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(target,descriptor.key,descriptor)}}return function(Constructor,protoProps,staticProps){return protoProps&&defineProperties(Constructor.prototype,protoProps),staticProps&&defineProperties(Constructor,staticProps),Constructor}}();function _classCallCheck(instance,Constructor){if(!(instance instanceof Constructor))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker=function(){function RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker(options){_classCallCheck(this,RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker),this.passiveSupported=!1,this._checkPassiveOption(this),this.options=!!this.passiveSupported&&options}return _createClass(RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker,[{key:"_checkPassiveOption",value:function(self){try{var options={get passive(){return!(self.passiveSupported=!0)}};window.addEventListener("test",null,options),window.removeEventListener("test",null,options)}catch(err){self.passiveSupported=!1}}},{key:"initRequestIdleCallback",value:function(){!1 in window&&(window.requestIdleCallback=function(cb){var start=Date.now();return setTimeout(function(){cb({didTimeout:!1,timeRemaining:function(){return Math.max(0,50-(Date.now()-start))}})},1)}),!1 in window&&(window.cancelIdleCallback=function(id){return clearTimeout(id)})}},{key:"isDataSaverModeOn",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&!0===navigator.connection.saveData}},{key:"supportsLinkPrefetch",value:function(){var elem=document.createElement("link");return elem.relList&&elem.relList.supports&&elem.relList.supports("prefetch")&&window.IntersectionObserver&&"isIntersecting"in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype}},{key:"isSlowConnection",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&"effectiveType"in navigator.connection&&("2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType||"slow-2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType)}}]),RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker}(); </script> <script id="rocket-preload-links-js-extra"> var RocketPreloadLinksConfig = {"excludeUris":"\/nl\/casino\/beste-online-casinos|\/definition\/30296\/analytics|\/definition\/14630\/von-neumann-bottleneck|\/definition\/24297\/multithreading-computer-architecture|\/10-best-chatgpt-prompts-to-write-a-resume-or-cover-letter|\/what-is-starknet-token-all-you-need-to-know-about-strk|\/6\/28832\/enterprise\/databases\/introduction-to-databases|\/(?:.+\/)?feed(?:\/(?:.+\/?)?)?$|\/(?:.+\/)?embed\/|http:\/\/(\/%5B\/%5D+)?\/(index.php\/)?(.*)wp-json(\/.*|$)|\/refer\/|\/go\/|\/recommend\/|\/recommends\/|\/linkout\/.+","usesTrailingSlash":"1","imageExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php","fileExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php|html|htm","siteUrl":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/pl","onHoverDelay":"100","rateThrottle":"3"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="rocket-preload-links-js-after"> (function() { "use strict";var r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(e){return typeof e}:function(e){return e&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&e.constructor===Symbol&&e!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof e},e=function(){function i(e,t){for(var n=0;n<t.length;n++){var i=t[n];i.enumerable=i.enumerable||!1,i.configurable=!0,"value"in i&&(i.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(e,i.key,i)}}return function(e,t,n){return t&&i(e.prototype,t),n&&i(e,n),e}}();function i(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var t=function(){function n(e,t){i(this,n),this.browser=e,this.config=t,this.options=this.browser.options,this.prefetched=new Set,this.eventTime=null,this.threshold=1111,this.numOnHover=0}return e(n,[{key:"init",value:function(){!this.browser.supportsLinkPrefetch()||this.browser.isDataSaverModeOn()||this.browser.isSlowConnection()||(this.regex={excludeUris:RegExp(this.config.excludeUris,"i"),images:RegExp(".("+this.config.imageExt+")$","i"),fileExt:RegExp(".("+this.config.fileExt+")$","i")},this._initListeners(this))}},{key:"_initListeners",value:function(e){-1<this.config.onHoverDelay&&document.addEventListener("mouseover",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("mousedown",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("touchstart",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions)}},{key:"listener",value:function(e){var t=e.target.closest("a"),n=this._prepareUrl(t);if(null!==n)switch(e.type){case"mousedown":case"touchstart":this._addPrefetchLink(n);break;case"mouseover":this._earlyPrefetch(t,n,"mouseout")}}},{key:"_earlyPrefetch",value:function(t,e,n){var i=this,r=setTimeout(function(){if(r=null,0===i.numOnHover)setTimeout(function(){return i.numOnHover=0},1e3);else if(i.numOnHover>i.config.rateThrottle)return;i.numOnHover++,i._addPrefetchLink(e)},this.config.onHoverDelay);t.addEventListener(n,function e(){t.removeEventListener(n,e,{passive:!0}),null!==r&&(clearTimeout(r),r=null)},{passive:!0})}},{key:"_addPrefetchLink",value:function(i){return this.prefetched.add(i.href),new Promise(function(e,t){var n=document.createElement("link");n.rel="prefetch",n.href=i.href,n.onload=e,n.onerror=t,document.head.appendChild(n)}).catch(function(){})}},{key:"_prepareUrl",value:function(e){if(null===e||"object"!==(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))||!1 in e||-1===["http:","https:"].indexOf(e.protocol))return null;var t=e.href.substring(0,this.config.siteUrl.length),n=this._getPathname(e.href,t),i={original:e.href,protocol:e.protocol,origin:t,pathname:n,href:t+n};return this._isLinkOk(i)?i:null}},{key:"_getPathname",value:function(e,t){var n=t?e.substring(this.config.siteUrl.length):e;return n.startsWith("/")||(n="/"+n),this._shouldAddTrailingSlash(n)?n+"/":n}},{key:"_shouldAddTrailingSlash",value:function(e){return this.config.usesTrailingSlash&&!e.endsWith("/")&&!this.regex.fileExt.test(e)}},{key:"_isLinkOk",value:function(e){return null!==e&&"object"===(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))&&(!this.prefetched.has(e.href)&&e.origin===this.config.siteUrl&&-1===e.href.indexOf("?")&&-1===e.href.indexOf("#")&&!this.regex.excludeUris.test(e.href)&&!this.regex.images.test(e.href))}}],[{key:"run",value:function(){"undefined"!=typeof RocketPreloadLinksConfig&&new n(new RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker({capture:!0,passive:!0}),RocketPreloadLinksConfig).init()}}]),n}();t.run(); }()); </script> <script id="advanced-ads-pro/front-js-extra"> var advanced_ads_cookies = {"cookie_path":"\/","cookie_domain":""}; var advadsCfpInfo = {"cfpExpHours":"3","cfpClickLimit":"3","cfpBan":"7","cfpPath":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/pl","cfpDomain":"_"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads-pro/assets/js/advanced-ads-pro.min.js?ver=2.25.2" id="advanced-ads-pro/front-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script id="advadsTrackingScript-js-extra"> var advadsTracking = {"impressionActionName":"aatrack-records","clickActionName":"aatrack-click","targetClass":"techo-target","blogId":"14","frontendPrefix":"techo-"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads-tracking/public/assets/js/dist/tracking.min.js?ver=2.8.1" id="advadsTrackingScript-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script id="advadsTrackingGAFront-js-extra"> var advadsTrackingGAEvents = {"impression":"advanced_ads_impression","click":"advanced_ads_click"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads-tracking/public/assets/js/dist/ga-tracking.min.js?ver=2.8.1" id="advadsTrackingGAFront-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6Lekq_spAAAAAAmjNprUU2x3me4s7C95afkHlfuP&ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-before"> var wpcf7_recaptcha = { "sitekey": "6Lekq_spAAAAAAmjNprUU2x3me4s7C95afkHlfuP", "actions": { "homepage": "homepage", "contactform": "contactform" } }; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=6.0" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">window.advads_admin_bar_items = [];</script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">!function(){window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[],advanced_ads_ready_queue.push=window.advanced_ads_ready;for(var d=0,a=advanced_ads_ready_queue.length;d<a;d++)advanced_ads_ready(advanced_ads_ready_queue[d])}();</script> <script id="techo-tracking">var advads_tracking_ads = {};var advads_tracking_urls = {"14":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/pl\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"};var advads_tracking_methods = {"14":"frontend"};var advads_tracking_parallel = {"14":false};var advads_tracking_linkbases = {"14":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/pl\/linkout\/"};var advads_gatracking_uids = {"14":[]};var advads_gatracking_allads = {};var advads_gatracking_anonym = false;var advads_gatracking_transmitpageqs = {};</script> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload,iframe[data-lazy-src]",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script> <script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://www.techopedia.com/pl/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script> <script>function lazyLoadThumb(e,alt,l){var t='<img data-lazy-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ID/hqdefault.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360"><noscript><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ID/hqdefault.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360"></noscript>',a='<button class="play" aria-label="play Youtube video"></button>';if(l){t=t.replace('data-lazy-','');t=t.replace('loading="lazy"','');t=t.replace(/<noscript>.*?<\/noscript>/g,'');}t=t.replace('alt=""','alt="'+alt+'"');return t.replace("ID",e)+a}function lazyLoadYoutubeIframe(){var e=document.createElement("iframe"),t="ID?autoplay=1";t+=0===this.parentNode.dataset.query.length?"":"&"+this.parentNode.dataset.query;e.setAttribute("src",t.replace("ID",this.parentNode.dataset.src)),e.setAttribute("frameborder","0"),e.setAttribute("allowfullscreen","1"),e.setAttribute("allow","accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"),this.parentNode.parentNode.replaceChild(e,this.parentNode)}document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){var exclusions=["logo1.svg","home-icon.svg","skiplazy"];var e,t,p,u,l,a=document.getElementsByClassName("rll-youtube-player");for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)(e=document.createElement("div")),(u='https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ID/hqdefault.jpg'),(u=u.replace('ID',a[t].dataset.id)),(l=exclusions.some(exclusion=>u.includes(exclusion))),e.setAttribute("data-id",a[t].dataset.id),e.setAttribute("data-query",a[t].dataset.query),e.setAttribute("data-src",a[t].dataset.src),(e.innerHTML=lazyLoadThumb(a[t].dataset.id,a[t].dataset.alt,l)),a[t].appendChild(e),(p=e.querySelector(".play")),(p.onclick=lazyLoadYoutubeIframe)});</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.eu01.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-ca24b422b198efb059e","applicationID":"418598207","transactionName":"MhBSZQoZDRBXUkNZDQtaZUMRVwoNUlRPHhINBQ==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":2,"atts":"HldRE0IDHh4=","errorBeacon":"bam.eu01.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('pl', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>