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Rachman Wonodhipo</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Arief Rachman Wonodhipo"> <meta name="keywords" content="Arief Rachman Wonodhipo"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Arief Rachman Wonodhipo"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 16</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Arief Rachman Wonodhipo</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> The Effectiveness of E-Training on the Attitude and Skill Competencies of Vocational High School Teachers during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabli">Sabli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eddy%20Rismunandar"> Eddy Rismunandar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhirudin"> Akhirudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Halim"> Nana Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulfikar"> Zulfikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nining%20Dwirosanti"> Nining Dwirosanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wila%20Ningsih"> Wila Ningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pipih%20Siti%20Sofiah"> Pipih Siti Sofiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danik%20Dania%20Asadayanti"> Danik Dania Asadayanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Eka%20Arini%20Algozi"> Dewi Eka Arini Algozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gita%20Mahardika%20Pamuji"> Gita Mahardika Pamuji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajun"> Ajun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mangasa%20Aritonang"> Mangasa Aritonang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanang%20Rukmana"> Nanang Rukmana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arief%20Rachman%20Wonodhipo"> Arief Rachman Wonodhipo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Imanuel%20Nahumury"> Victor Imanuel Nahumury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lili%20Husada"> Lili Husada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wawan%20Saepul%20Irwan"> Wawan Saepul Irwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20Mukhlas%20Fikri"> Al Mukhlas Fikri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Covid-19 pandemic has widely impacted the lives. An adaptive strategy must be quickly formulated to maintain the quality of education, especially by vocational school which technical skill competencies are highly needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of e-training on the attitude and skill competencies of vocational high school teachers in Indonesia. A total of 720 Indonesian vocational high school teachers with various programs, including hospitality, administration, online business and marketing, culinary arts, fashion, cashier, tourism, haircut, and accounting participated e-training for a month. The training used electronic learning management system to provide materials (modules, presentation slides, and tutorial videos), tasks, and evaluations. Tutorial class was carried out by video conference meeting. Attitude and skill competencies were evaluated before and after the training. Meanwhile, the teachers also gave satisfactory feedback on the quality of the organizer and tutors. Data analysis used paired sample t-test and Anova with Tukey’s post hoc test. The results showed that e-training significantly increased the score of attitude and skill competencies of the teachers (p <0,05). Moreover, the remarkable increase was found among hospitality (57,5%), cashier (50,1%), and online business and marketing (48,7%) teachers. However, the effect among fashion, tourism and haircut teachers was less obvious. In addition, the satisfactory score on the quality of the organizer and tutors were 88,9 (very good), and 93,5 (excellence), respectively. The study concludes that a well-organized e-training could increase the attitude and skill competencies of Indonesian vocational high school teachers during Covid-19 pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-training" title="E-training">E-training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skill" title=" skill"> skill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher" title=" teacher"> teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20high%20school" title=" vocational high school"> vocational high school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148856/the-effectiveness-of-e-training-on-the-attitude-and-skill-competencies-of-vocational-high-school-teachers-during-covid-19-pandemic-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Using Phase Equilibrium Theory to Calculate Solubility of γ-Oryzanol in Supercritical CO2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boy%20Arief%20Fachri">Boy Arief Fachri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even its content is rich in antioxidants &upsih;-oryzanol, rice bran is not used properly as functional food. This research aims to (1) extract &upsih;-oryzanol; (2) determine the solubility of &upsih;-oryzanol in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> based on phase equilibrium theory; and (3) study the effect of process variables on solubility. Extraction experiments were carried out for rice bran (5 g) at various extraction pressures, temperatures and reaction times. The flowrate of supercritical fluid through the extraction vessel was 25 g/min. The extracts were collected and analysed with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The conclusion based on the experiments are as: (1) The highest experimental solubility was 0.303 mcg/mL RBO at T= 60°C, P= 90 atm, t= 30 min; (2) Solubility of &upsih;-oryzanol was influenced by pressure and temperature. As the pressure and temperature increase, the solubility increases; (3) The solubility data of supercritical extraction can be successfully determined using phase equilibrium theory. Meanwhile, tocopherol was found and slightly investigated in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20bran" title="rice bran">rice bran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility" title=" solubility"> solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20CO2" title=" supercritical CO2"> supercritical CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CF%92-orizanol" title=" ϒ-orizanol"> ϒ-orizanol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41830/using-phase-equilibrium-theory-to-calculate-solubility-of-gh-oryzanol-in-supercritical-co2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Meeting User’s Information Need: A Study on the Acceptance of Mobile Library Service at UGM Library</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fikriansyah%20Wicaksono">M. Fikriansyah Wicaksono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Arief%20Budiman"> Rafael Arief Budiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Very%20Setiawan"> M. Very Setiawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, a wide range of innovative mobile library (M-Library) service is provided for the users in the library. The M-Library service is an innovation that aims to bring the collections of the library to users who currently use their smartphone so often. With M-Library services, it is expected that the users can fulfill their information needs more conveniently and practically. This study aims to find out how users use M-Library services provided by UGM library. This study applied a quantitative approach to investigate how to use the application M-Library. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory is applied to perform the analysis in terms of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards behavior, behavioral intention and actual system usage. The results show that overall the users found that the M-Library application is useful to meet their information needs. Such as facilitate user to access e-resources, search UGM library collections, online booking collections, and reminder for returning book. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=m-library" title="m-library">m-library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20library%20services" title=" mobile library services"> mobile library services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20acceptance" title=" technology acceptance"> technology acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=library%20of%20UGM" title=" library of UGM"> library of UGM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58587/meeting-users-information-need-a-study-on-the-acceptance-of-mobile-library-service-at-ugm-library" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> The Political and Academic Consideration of Unregulated Concept of Rome Statute in Law No. 26 Year 2000 about Indonesia’s Human Right Court</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal%20Rachman">Muhammad Iqbal Rachman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Faisol%20Soleh"> Mohammad Faisol Soleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Law No. 26 Year 2000 about Indonesia’s Human Right Court became a new legal enforcement frame of human right law in Indonesia. The new spirit based on some international propulsion in order to enforce human right which basic right of everyone that appearance since in fetus. This matters indicated how crucial the arrangement of human right law, considering the role of state on human right enforcement in this context which became main pillar or instrument to accommodate citizen interest. Basically, the adopting of Law No. 26 Year 2000 came from the womb of concept international crimes regulation based on Rome Statute which became the international law instrument in order to legal enforce of international crimes. But in the other side, the enactment Rome Statute concept in Indonesia has facing with political and academics interest which resulted unaccommodating every type of international crimes in Law No. 26 Year 2000. The analyzing of political and academics background became the fundamental point to find out the solutions based on the regulation of Rome Statute concept matters in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20consideration" title="academic consideration">academic consideration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20right" title=" human right"> human right</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20consideration" title=" political consideration"> political consideration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rome%20statute" title=" rome statute"> rome statute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unregulated%20concept" title=" unregulated concept"> unregulated concept</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56433/the-political-and-academic-consideration-of-unregulated-concept-of-rome-statute-in-law-no-26-year-2000-about-indonesias-human-right-court" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Time and Cost Efficiency Analysis of Quick Die Change System on Metal Stamping Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudi%20Kurniawan%20Arief">Rudi Kurniawan Arief</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Manufacturing cost and setup time are the hot topics to improve in Metal Stamping industry because material and components price are always rising up while costumer requires to cut down the component price year by year. The Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) is one of many methods to reduce waste in stamping industry. The Japanese Quick Die Change (QDC) dies system is one of SMED systems that could reduce both of setup time and manufacturing cost. However, this system is rarely used in stamping industries. This paper will analyze how deep the QDC dies system could reduce setup time and the manufacturing cost. The research is conducted by direct observation, simulating and comparing of QDC dies system with conventional dies system. In this research, we found that the QDC dies system could save up to 35% of manufacturing cost and reduce 70% of setup times. This simulation proved that the QDC die system is effective for cost reduction but must be applied in several parallel production processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=press%20die" title="press die">press die</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20stamping" title=" metal stamping"> metal stamping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QDC%20system" title=" QDC system"> QDC system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20minute%20exchange%20die" title=" single minute exchange die"> single minute exchange die</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20cost%20saving" title=" manufacturing cost saving"> manufacturing cost saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMED" title=" SMED"> SMED</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86870/time-and-cost-efficiency-analysis-of-quick-die-change-system-on-metal-stamping-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Effect of Slope Steepness with Toposequent on Erosion Factor: A Study Case of Cikeruh Catchment Area, West Java, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantosa%20Yudha%20Siswanto">Shantosa Yudha Siswanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julianto%20Arief%20Ismail"> Julianto Arief Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachmat%20Harryanto"> Rachmat Harryanto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research was conducted with the aim to know the effect of slope steepness on organic carbon and soil erodibility as erosion factor. This research was conducted from September to December 2011 in the Raharja and Cinanjung Village, Tanjungsari, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. The study was carried out using physiographic free survey method, which is a survey based on land physiographic appearance. Soil sampling was carried out into transect on the similarity slope without calculating the point of observation range. Soil sampling was carried onto three classes of slope as follows: 8–15%, 15–25% and 25–40%. Each was consisted of three slope position i.e. top slope, middle slope and down slope and four samples of soil were taken from each of them, hence it resulted in 36 points of observation. The results of this study indicate that gradient of slope have some significant contribution in every sample. Middle slope with gradient 26-40% has the highest potential erosion occurrence. It has organic C content (0.84%) and the highest erodibility value (0.1092). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20steepness" title="slope steepness">slope steepness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erodibility" title=" erodibility"> erodibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion%20factor" title=" erosion factor"> erosion factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9258/effect-of-slope-steepness-with-toposequent-on-erosion-factor-a-study-case-of-cikeruh-catchment-area-west-java-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Simultaneous Esterification and Transesterification of High FFA Jatropha Oil Using Reactive Distillation for Biodiesel Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20Dewi%20Kusumaningtyas">Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prima%20Astuti%20Handayani"> Prima Astuti Handayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arief%20Budiman"> Arief Budiman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reactive Distillation (RD) is a multifunctional reactor which integrates chemical reaction with in situ separation to shift the equilibrium towards the product formation. Thus, it is suitable for equilibrium limited reaction such as esterification and transesterification to enhance the reaction conversion. In this work, the application of RD for high FFA oil esterification-transterification for biodiesel production using sulphuric acid catalyst has been studied. Crude Jatropha Oil with FFA content of 30.57% was utilized as the feedstock. Effects of the catalyst concentration and molar ratio of the alcohol to oils were also investigated. It was revealed that best result was obtained with sulphuric acid catalyst (reaction conversion of 94.71% and FFA content of 1.62%) at 60C, molar ratio of methanol to FFA of 30:1, and catalyst loading of 3%. After undergoing esterification reaction, jatropha oil was then transesterified to produce biodiesel. Transesterification reaction was performed in the presence of NaOH catalyst in RD column at 60C, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 6:1, and catalyst concentration of 1%. It demonstrated that biodiesel produced in this work agreed with the Indonesian National and ASTM standard of fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20distillation" title="reactive distillation">reactive distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9418/simultaneous-esterification-and-transesterification-of-high-ffa-jatropha-oil-using-reactive-distillation-for-biodiesel-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Purification and Pre-Crystallization of Recombinant PhoR Cytoplasmic Domain Protein from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oktira%20Roka%20Aji">Oktira Roka Aji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maelita%20R.%20Moeis"> Maelita R. Moeis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsanawati"> Ihsanawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernawati%20A.%20Giri-Rachman"> Ernawati A. Giri-Rachman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains and extensively drug-resistant strains have become a major public concern. One of the potential candidates for drug target is the cytoplasmic domain of PhoR Histidine Kinase, a part of the Two Component System (TCS) PhoR-PhoP in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TCS PhoR-PhoP relay extracellular signal to control the expression of 114 virulent associated genes in Mtb. The 3D structure of PhoR cytoplasmic domain is needed to screen novel drugs using structure based drug discovery. The PhoR cytoplasmic domain from Mtb H37Rv was overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), then purified using IMAC Ni-NTA Agarose his-tag affinity column and DEAE-ion exchange column chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated to be 37 kDa after SDS-PAGE analysis. This sample was used for pre-crystallization screening by applying sitting drop vapor diffusion method using Natrix (HR2-116) 48 solutions crystal screen kit at 25ºC. Needle-like crystals were observed after the seventh day of incubation in test solution No.47 (0.1 M KCl, 0.01 M MgCl2.6H2O, 0.05 M Tris-Cl pH 8.5, 30% v/v PEG 4000). Further testing is required for confirming the crystal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title="tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20component%20system" title=" two component system"> two component system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histidine%20kinase" title=" histidine kinase"> histidine kinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needle-like%20crystals" title=" needle-like crystals"> needle-like crystals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13404/purification-and-pre-crystallization-of-recombinant-phor-cytoplasmic-domain-protein-from-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-h37rv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Compilation of Islamic Law as Law Applied Religious Courts in Indonesia (Responding to Changes in Religious Courts Authority)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamdan%20Arief%20Hanif">Hamdan Arief Hanif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmat%20Sidiq"> Rahmat Sidiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia is a country of law, the legal system adopted by Indonesia is a civil law system. A major feature of the civil law is the codified legislation. Meanwhile the majority of society Indonesia are Muslims, whilst Islamic law itself having the sources written in Qur'an, Sunnah and the opinion of Muslim scholars, generally not codified in book form of legislation that is easy on the set as a reference. in Indonesia, many scholars have different opinions in decisions so that there is no legal certainty in Muslim civil cases, so the need for legal codification, which, as the source of the judges in deciding a case, especially a case in religious courts. This paper raised the topic of discussion which offers a solution to the application of the codification of the Islamic Law which became the core resources in delivering a verdict against Islamic civil related issue; codification usually called a compilation of Islamic Law. Compilation of Islamic Law is highly recommended as a core reference for the judges in religious courts in Indonesia. This compilation which includes a collection of large number of opinions scholars (book of fiqh) that existed previously and are ripened in deduce in order to unify the existing differences. This paper also discusses how the early formation of the compilation and as the right solution in order to create legal certainty and justice especially for the muslim community in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compilation" title=" compilation"> compilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20applied%20core" title=" law applied core"> law applied core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20court" title=" religious court"> religious court</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62785/compilation-of-islamic-law-as-law-applied-religious-courts-in-indonesia-responding-to-changes-in-religious-courts-authority" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Polymorphisms of Calpastatin Gene and Its Association with Growth Traits in Indonesian Thin Tail Sheep</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ihsan%20Andi%20Dagong">Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cece%20Sumantri"> Cece Sumantri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronny%20Rachman%20Noor"> Ronny Rachman Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachmat%20Herman"> Rachmat Herman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Yamin"> Mohamad Yamin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calpastatin involved in various physiological processes in the body such as the protein turnover, growth, fusion and mioblast migration. Thus, allegedly Calpastatin gene diversity (CAST) have an association with growth and potential use as candidate genes for growth trait. This study aims to identify the association between the genetic diversity of CAST gene with some growth properties such as body dimention (morphometric), body weight and daily weight gain in sheep. A total of 157 heads of Thin Tail Sheep (TTS) reared intensively for fattening purposes in the uniform environmental conditions. Overall sheep used were male, and maintained for 3 months. The parameters of growth properties were measured among others: body weight gain (ADG) (g/head / day), body weight (kg), body length (cm), chest circumference (cm), height (cm). All the sheep were genotyped by using PCR-SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism) methods. CAST gene in locus fragment intron 5 - exon 6 were amplified with a predicted length of about 254 bp PCR products. Then the sheep were stratified based on their CAST genotypes. The result of this research showed that no association were found between the CAST gene variations with morphometric body weight, but there was a significant association with daily body weight gain (ADG) in sheep observed. CAST-23 and CAST-33 genotypes has higher average daily gain than other genotypes. CAST-23 and CAST-33 genotypes that carrying the CAST-2 and CAST-3 alleles potential to be used in the selection of the nature of the growth trait of the TTS sheep. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20weight" title="body weight">body weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calpastatin" title=" calpastatin"> calpastatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotype" title=" genotype"> genotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20trait" title=" growth trait"> growth trait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20tail%20sheep" title=" thin tail sheep"> thin tail sheep</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48500/polymorphisms-of-calpastatin-gene-and-its-association-with-growth-traits-in-indonesian-thin-tail-sheep" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Role of Parents on Fear Acquisition of Children in COVID-19 Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Begum%20Serim-Yildiz">Begum Serim-Yildiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to examine the role of parents' emotional and behavioral reactions on fears of children in the COVID-19 pandemic considering Rachman’s Three Pathways Theory. For this purpose, a phenomenological qualitative study was conducted. Thirteen participants living with their children were utilized through criterion and snowball sampling. In semi-structured interviews parents were asked about their own and their children’s beahavioral and emotional reactions in the COVID-19 pandemic, and they were expected to give detailed information about fears of their children before and in pandemic. Firstly, parents were asked about their behavioral and emotional reactions in the COVID-19 pandemic. As behavioral reactions, precautions taken by parents to protect the rest of the family from negative physical and emotional impact of the pandemic were mentioned, while emotional reactions were defined as acquisition of negative emotions like fear, anxiety, and worry. Secondly, parents were asked about their children’s behavioral and emotional reactions. Some of the parents talked about positive behavioral changes such as gaining self-control, while some others explained negative behavioral changes like increased time spent with technological tools. In the emotional changes section, all of the parents explained at least one negative emotion. All of the parents stated that their children had COVID-19 related fears. According to parents’ expressions, fears of children in pandemic were examined in two dimensions. Fears directly related to COVID-19 were fear of virus/microbes, illness or death of someone in family and death and fears. Fears indirectly related to COVID-19 were fear of going out, sleep alone at night, separation, touching stuff outside the home, and cold. Considering existing literature and based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that children’s modelling experiences have impact on acquisition of negative emotions, especially fear, therefore, preventive interventions involving caregivers should be provided by mental health professionals working with children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%E2%80%99s%20fears" title="children’s fears">children’s fears</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20pandemic" title=" COVID-19 pandemic"> COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling%20experiences" title=" modelling experiences"> modelling experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents%E2%80%99%20reactions" title=" parents’ reactions "> parents’ reactions </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135378/the-role-of-parents-on-fear-acquisition-of-children-in-covid-19-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Causes of Pokir in the Budgeting Process: Case Study in the Province of Jakarta, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tri%20Nopiyanto">Tri Nopiyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahardhyani%20Dwiannisa"> Rahardhyani Dwiannisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arief%20Ismaryanto"> Arief Ismaryanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One main issue for a certain region in order to achieve development is if the government that consists of the executive, legislative and judicial board are able to work together. However, there are certain conditions that these boards are the sources of conflict, especially between the executive and legislative board. One of the example of the conflict is between the Local Government and Legislative Board (DPRD) in the Province of Jakarta in 2015. The cause of this conflict is because of the occurrence of pokir (pokok pikiran or ideas of budgeting). Pokir is driven by a budgeting plan that is arranged by DPRD that is supposed to be sourced from the aspiration of the people and delivered 5 months before the legalization of Local Government Budget (APBD), but the current condition in Jakarta is that pokir is a project by DPRD members itself and delivered just 3 days before the legalization in order to facilitate the interests of the members of the legislative. This paper discusses how pokir happens and what factors caused it. This paper uses political budgeting theory by Andy Norton and Diane Elson to analyze the issue. The method used in this paper is qualitative to collect the data and solve the problem of this research. The methods involved are in depth interview, experimental questionnaire, and literature studies. Results of this research are that Pokir occurs because of the distribution of power among DPRD members, between parties, executive, and legislative board. Beside that, Pokir also occurs because of the lack of the people’s participation in budgeting process and monitoring. Other than that, this paper also found that pokir also happens because of the budgeting system that is not able to provide a clean budgeting process, so it enables the creation of certain slots to add pokir into the budgets. Pokir also affects the development of Jakarta that goes through stagnation. This research recommends the implementation of e-budgeting to prevent the occurrence of pokir itself in the Province of Jakarta. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislative%20and%20executive%20board" title="legislative and executive board">legislative and executive board</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakarta" title=" Jakarta"> Jakarta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20budgeting" title=" political budgeting"> political budgeting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pokir" title=" Pokir"> Pokir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64314/causes-of-pokir-in-the-budgeting-process-case-study-in-the-province-of-jakarta-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Effect of Media Osmolarity on Vi Biosynthesis on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Strain C6524 Cultured on Batch System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Arisandi%20Wijaya">Dwi Arisandi Wijaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernawati%20Arifin%20Giri-Rachman"> Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neni%20Nurainy"> Neni Nurainy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Typhoid fever disease can be prevented by using a polysaccharide-based vaccine Vi which is a virulence factor of S.typhi. To produce high yield Vi polysaccharide from bacteria, it is important to know the biosynthesis of Vi polysaccharide and the regulators involved. In the In vivo condition, S. typhi faces different osmolarity, and the bacterial two-component system OmpR-EnvZ, regulate by up and down Capsular Vi polysaccharide biosynthesis. A high yielded Vi Polysaccharide strain, S. typhi strain C6524 used to study the effect of media osmolarity on Vi polysaccharide biosynthesis and the osmoregulation pattern of S. typhi strain C6524. The methods were performed by grown S. typhi strain C6524 grown on medium with 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM osmolarity with the batch system. Vi polysaccharide concentration was measured by ELISA method. For further investigation of the osmoregulation pattern of strain C6524, the osmoregulator gene, OmpR, has been isolated and sequenced using the specific primer of the OmpR gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis is done with BLAST and Lallign. Amino Acid sequence analysis is done with Prosite and Multiple Sequence Alignment. The results of cultivation showed the average content of polysaccharide Vi for 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM osmolarities 11.49 μg/mL, 12.06 μg/mL, and 14.53 μg/mL respectively. Analysis using Anova stated that the osmolarity treatment of 150 mM significantly affects Vi content. Analysis of nucleotide sequences shows 100% identity between S. typhi strain C6524 and Ty2. Analysis of amino acid sequences shows that the OmpR response regulator protein of the C6524 strain also has a α4-β5-α5 motif which is important for the regulatory activation system when phosphorylation occurs by domain kinase. This indicates that the regulator osmolarity response of S. typhi strain C6524 has no difference with the response regulator owned by S. typhi strain Ty2. A high Vi response rate in the 150 mM osmolarity treatment requires further research for RcsB-RcsC, another two-component system involved in Vi Biosynthesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmoregulator" title="osmoregulator">osmoregulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OmpR" title=" OmpR"> OmpR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmonella" title=" Salmonella"> Salmonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vi%20polysaccharide" title=" Vi polysaccharide"> Vi polysaccharide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91048/effect-of-media-osmolarity-on-vi-biosynthesis-on-salmonella-enterica-serovar-typhi-strain-c6524-cultured-on-batch-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Development and Validation Method for Quantitative Determination of Rifampicin in Human Plasma and Its Application in Bioequivalence Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endang%20Lukitaningsih">Endang Lukitaningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathul%20Jannah"> Fathul Jannah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arief%20R.%20Hakim"> Arief R. Hakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20D.%20Puspita"> Ratna D. Puspita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zullies%20Ikawati"> Zullies Ikawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rifampicin is a semisynthetic antibiotic derivative of rifamycin B produced by Streptomyces mediterranei. RIF has been used worldwide as first line drug-prescribed throughout tuberculosis therapy. This study aims to develop and to validate an HPLC method couple with a UV detection for determination of rifampicin in spiked human plasma and its application for bioequivalence study. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an RP-C18 column (LachromHitachi, 250 x 4.6 mm., 5μm), utilizing a mobile phase of phosphate buffer/acetonitrile (55:45, v/v, pH 6.8 ± 0.1) at a flow of 1.5 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 337 nm by using spectrophotometer. The developed method was statistically validated for the linearity, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precise and specifity. The specifity of the method was ascertained by comparing chromatograms of blank plasma and plasma containing rifampicin; the matrix and rifampicin were well separated. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.7 µg/mL and 2.3 µg/mL, respectively. The regression curve of standard was linear (r > 0.999) over a range concentration of 20.0 – 100.0 µg/mL. The mean recovery of the method was 96.68 ± 8.06 %. Both intraday and interday precision data showed reproducibility (R.S.D. 2.98% and 1.13 %, respectively). Therefore, the method can be used for routine analysis of rifampicin in human plasma and in bioequivalence study. The validated method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of rifampicin tablet in a limited number of subjects (under an Ethical Clearance No. KE/FK/6201/EC/2015). The mean values of Cmax, Tmax, AUC(0-24) and AUC(o-∞) for the test formulation of rifampicin were 5.81 ± 0.88 µg/mL, 1.25 hour, 29.16 ± 4.05 µg/mL. h. and 29.41 ± 4.07 µg/mL. h., respectively. Meanwhile for the reference formulation, the values were 5.04 ± 0.54 µg/mL, 1.31 hour, 27.20 ± 3.98 µg/mL.h. and 27.49 ± 4.01 µg/mL.h. From bioequivalence study, the 90% CIs for the test formulation/reference formulation ratio for the logarithmic transformations of Cmax and AUC(0-24) were 97.96-129.48% and 99.13-120.02%, respectively. According to the bioequivamence test guidelines of the European Commission-European Medicines Agency, it can be concluded that the test formulation of rifampicin is bioequivalence with the reference formulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title="validation">validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title=" HPLC"> HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title=" plasma"> plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioequivalence" title=" bioequivalence"> bioequivalence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67457/development-and-validation-method-for-quantitative-determination-of-rifampicin-in-human-plasma-and-its-application-in-bioequivalence-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Minimizing Ship’S Breakdown Maintenance Due to Rope Entangled In Propeller With “Si Kuman” On Mooring Boat PSC I in Surabaya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jogi%20Prayogo">Jogi Prayogo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Qaqa%20Prasetyatama"> Dwi Qaqa Prasetyatama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmad%20Dwi%20Afandi"> Rahmad Dwi Afandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunto%20Arief%20Prasetyo"> Kunto Arief Prasetyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viorel%20Herniza%20Leksono"> Viorel Herniza Leksono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PT. Pertamina Trans Kontinental managed a fleet of 364 ships in 2018 - 2020. In that period, there were 8 incidents of ship damage, causing breakdown maintenance on 6 ships belonging to PT Pertamina Trans Kontinental throughout Indonesia's operational areas due to ropes entangled in propellers. The company's losses that were caused by the fouled propellers amounted to 306.35 Million Rupiah. Of the 8 incidents, Mooring Boat PSC I was taken as a pilot project for further analysis considering the location of the ship which is in Surabaya and Mooring Boat PSC I has experienced 2 incidents of rope entanglement that caused the company's losses due to the largest Breakdown Maintenance amounted to 200.99 Million Rupiah. After analyzing the rope entanglement in the ship's propeller based on the data of Mooring Boat PSC I related to the location of propellers that are often fouled in the conventional propulsion system, it was found that there is a suitable location for the implementation of SI KUMAN tool that serves to cut ropes to prevent the occurrence of rope entangled in ship propellers. The determination of SI KUMAN tool is based on the strength of the ship's material to be installed and a suitable design to prevent the occurrence of ropes being entangled in propellers. After the installation of the "SI KUMAN" tool and monitoring carried out for 1 year period (August 2020 - August 2021), it was found that SI KUMAN tool can eliminate the risk of fouled propeller incidents which previously occurred twice in one year so that the company's loss amounted to 200.99 Million Rupiah can be eliminated and SI KUMAN tool can still operate optimally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakdown%20maintenance" title="breakdown maintenance">breakdown maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mooring%20boat" title=" mooring boat"> mooring boat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fleet" title=" fleet"> fleet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fouled%20propeller" title=" fouled propeller"> fouled propeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rope%20entangled" title=" rope entangled"> rope entangled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cut" title=" cut"> cut</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143216/minimizing-ships-breakdown-maintenance-due-to-rope-entangled-in-propeller-with-si-kuman-on-mooring-boat-psc-i-in-surabaya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Use of Palm Kernel Cake in Ration and Its Influence on VFA, NH3 and pH Rumen Fluid of Goat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arief">Arief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noovirman%20Jamarun"> Noovirman Jamarun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benni%20Satria"> Benni Satria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The main problem in the development of livestock in Indonesia is feed both in terms of quality and quantity. On the other hand, conventional feed ingredients are expensive and difficult to obtain. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative feed ingredients that have good quality, potential, and low cost. Feed ingredients that meet the above requirements are by-products of the palm oil industry, namely palm kernel cake (PKC). This study aims to obtain the best PKC composition for Etawa goat concentrate ration. Material and Methode : This research consists of 2 stages. Stage I is invitro study using Tilley and Terry method. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments of rations and 4 replications. The treatment is the composition of the use of palm kernel cake (PKC) in the ration, namely, A). 10%, B). 20%, C). 30%, D). 40%. Other feed ingredients are corn, rice bran, tofu waste and minerals. The measured variables are the characteristics of the rumen fluid (pH, VFA and NH3). Stage II was done using the best ration of stage I (Ration C), followed by testing the use of Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and agricultural waste of sweet potato leaves as a source of forage for livestock by in-vitro. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were: Treatment A) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Titonia (Thitonia difersifolia), Treatment B) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and Sweet potato Leaves, Treatment C) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Sweet potato leaves. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis while the differences between treatments were tested using the Duncant Multiple Range Test (DMRT) according to Steel and Torrie. Results of Stage II showed that the use of PKC in rations as concentrate feed combined with forage originating from Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and sweet potato leaves produced pH, VFA and NH3-N which were still in normal conditions. The best treatment was obtained from diet B (P <0.05) with 6.9 pH, 116.29 mM VFA and 15mM NH3-N. Conclussion From the results of the study it can be concluded that PKC can be used as feed ingredients for dairy goat concentrate with a combination of forage from Tithonia (Tithonia difersifolia) and sweet potato leaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20by-product" title="palm oil by-product">palm oil by-product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20cake" title=" palm kernel cake"> palm kernel cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrate" title=" concentrate"> concentrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20fluid" title=" rumen fluid"> rumen fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etawa%20goat" title=" Etawa goat"> Etawa goat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104219/the-use-of-palm-kernel-cake-in-ration-and-its-influence-on-vfa-nh3-and-ph-rumen-fluid-of-goat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> 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