CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: ethnic architecture</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ethnic architecture"> <meta name="keywords" content="ethnic architecture"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="ethnic architecture" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ethnic architecture"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2294</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ethnic architecture</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2294</span> An Investigation of Migrants' Attitudes towards Their Ethnic Languages: A Study of Angolan Migrants in Namibia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Indongo%20-%20Haiduwa">Julia Indongo - Haiduwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study looks at the attitudes of Angolan migrants in the informal sectors towards their ethnic languages. The assumption is most Angolan migrants speak Portuguese instead of their ethnic languages as they lack interest in their ethnic languages. The study was qualitative in nature, and 20 Angolan migrants who are operating in the informal sector where purposively selected for the semistructured interviews. The study revealed that many Angolan has negative attitudes towards their ethnic language because even prior to their migration to Namibia, they use Portuguese to communicate as opposed to their ethnic languages. The ethnic languages are associated with old people and the ethnic languages do not offer the migrants any economic benefits. The study recommends that there is a need for the revitalization of Angolan ethnic languages in Namibia in order to maintain the language and prevent them from dying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20languages%20language%20attitude" title="ethnic languages language attitude">ethnic languages language attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice" title=" choice"> choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20maintenance" title=" language maintenance"> language maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128898/an-investigation-of-migrants-attitudes-towards-their-ethnic-languages-a-study-of-angolan-migrants-in-namibia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2293</span> Assessing Finance by Ethnic Entrepreneurs in United Kingdom and Policy Implication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Aminu%20Baba">Aliyu Aminu Baba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethnic entrepreneurship is defined as a set of connections and regular patterns of interaction among people sharing common national background or migration experience. The disadvantage faced by ethnic minority on paid labour induced them to become self-employed. Also, enclaves motivates trading, creativity, innovation are all to provide specific service or products to certain people. These ethnic minorities are African –Caribbean, Indians, Pakistanis, Banghaladashi and Chinese. For policy development ethnic diversity was among the problem of developing policy in United Kingdom. The study finds that there is a danger in treating all ethnic minority businesses as homogeneous rather than heterogeneous. The diversity is due to religious beliefs, culture and race. This indicates that there is a wide range have shortfall in addressing the peculiarities of ethnic minority businesses in policy formulation. Also, there are differences between ethnic minorities in accessing finance. It is recommended that diversity and peculiarities between ethnic minorities should be considered in policy formulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20entrepreneurship" title="ethnic entrepreneurship">ethnic entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20implication" title=" policy implication"> policy implication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13752/assessing-finance-by-ethnic-entrepreneurs-in-united-kingdom-and-policy-implication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2292</span> Influence of People and Places on the Identity of Ethnic Enclaves: A Visual Analysis of Little India, Penang</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Excellent%20Hansda">Excellent Hansda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past years, a lot of research has been on the ethnic enclaves from historical, sociological and economic point of view. However there exist a research gap in the built environment and spatial layout of these areas. When immigrants (People) assimilate in a different place, they struggle to preserve their original identity to maintain their heritage. Then there is the Place, which is the physical manifestation of the heritage, shown through streetscape and architecture. Together 'People and Place' form a relationship with the authenticity of the enclave. As immigrants come in the host country, they try to bring their culture into the place, but at the same time, the culture of the host country also affects the immigrants. This creates conflicts not only in the lifestyle and culture of the immigrants, but also the built characteristics of the place. In the midst of such conflicts, one may easily question the authenticity of an ethnic enclave. In Malaysia, a number of ethnic enclaves emerged due to trade during the medieval times. Little India is one among the other ethnic enclaves present in Chulia Street in Malaysia. The study investigates the factors of 'Place and People', affecting the authenticity of a little India, in the context of an evolving state of Penang in Malaysia. The study is carried through extensive literature review of existing data, followed by observations drawn by visual analysis, discussions and interviews with the stakeholders of the study area. The findings of this research suggest the contribution of 'people and places' in the process of place making in an ethnic enclave. The findings are essential for conservation and further development of ethnic enclaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title="conservation">conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20enclaves" title=" ethnic enclaves"> ethnic enclaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98582/influence-of-people-and-places-on-the-identity-of-ethnic-enclaves-a-visual-analysis-of-little-india-penang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2291</span> Perceived Ethnic Discrimination, Aggression, and School Connectedness among Adolescents in Finland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isik%20Z.%20Ulubas">Isik Z. Ulubas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaj%20Bjorkqvist"> Kaj Bjorkqvist</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationships between perceived ethnic discrimination, peer aggression and school connectedness are being examined among 1,000 adolescents in Ostrobothnia, Finland with an online questionnaire. The study aims at investigating perceived ethnic discrimination in school environment by peers and teachers, and within society in general. Six types of aggressive behavior are measured: physical, verbal, indirect, and cyber aggression, in addition to both verbal and physical sexual harassment. High perceived ethnic discrimination is expected to be related with high aggression and low school connectedness. Adolescents who have special diet and clothing because of their cultural or religious background are expected to score higher on perceived ethnic discrimination and lower school connectedness. Adolescents who have lower domestic language skills (Finnish/Swedish) are expected to show lower school connectedness and higher perceived ethnic discrimination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggression" title=" aggression"> aggression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20discrimination" title=" ethnic discrimination"> ethnic discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20connectedness" title=" school connectedness"> school connectedness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102902/perceived-ethnic-discrimination-aggression-and-school-connectedness-among-adolescents-in-finland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2290</span> Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Malaysian Multi-Ethnic Discrimination Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chua%20Bee%20Seok">Chua Bee Seok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamsul%20Amri%20Baharuddin"> Shamsul Amri Baharuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferlis%20Bahari"> Ferlis Bahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmine%20Adela%20Mutang"> Jasmine Adela Mutang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lailawati%20Madlan"> Lailawati Madlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosnah%20Ismail"> Rosnah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asong%20Joseph"> Asong Joseph</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malaysia is a country famously known for its multiple unique cultural and ethnic diversities. Despite the diversity of culture, customs and beliefs, respectively, Malaysia still be able to stand as a harmonious country. However, if there is an attitude of stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination among ethnic, it may seriously affect the solidarity between people in Malaysia. Thus, this study focuses on constructing a scale measuring the Malaysian experience, strategy and effect of ethnic discrimination. To develop a quantitative measure on ethnic discrimination directed against Malaysian, a three-step process is proposed: Exploratory factor analysis, validity analysis, and internal consistency reliability analysis. Results, limitations, and implications of the study are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20development" title="test development">test development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20multi-ethnic%20discrimination%20scale" title=" Malaysian multi-ethnic discrimination scale"> Malaysian multi-ethnic discrimination scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploratory%20factor%20analysis" title=" exploratory factor analysis"> exploratory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-ethnic" title=" multi-ethnic"> multi-ethnic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometrics" title=" psychometrics"> psychometrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15972/development-and-psychometric-evaluation-of-the-malaysian-multi-ethnic-discrimination-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">742</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2289</span> Ethnic Minority Small and Medium Enterprises and Entrepreneurial Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of United Kingdom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal%20Mustafa">Muhammad Bilal Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Hussain"> Javed Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simeon%20Babatunde"> Simeon Babatunde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of countless organisations beyond their size, type, and location. However, some groups and sectors are disproportionally get impacted by the pandemic. In the context of the UK, ethnic Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) turn out to be the most precarious group among all private sectors. Many ethnic SMEs shut down their business operations during a pandemic. A large portion of Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) owners have huge concerns regarding their business’ survival and resilience. The current UK-centric studies have focused on the large business population, and there is a gap in ethnic SMEs and how they get affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, there is a need to further knowledge and academic research to investigate the fundamental factors that could strengthen the resilience of ethnic SMEs as well as contribute to long-term sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to capture the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on ethnic SMEs in the UK and assess the survival measures taken by ethnic SMEs during Covid-19. Besides, this study adopts a dynamic capabilities perspective that how firms' specific capabilities enable ethnic SMEs to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities during the Covid-19 pandemic. Finally, this research will help ethnic SMEs to develop vigorous resilience to address future external shocks and market uncertainties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20minority%20SMEs" title=" ethnic minority SMEs"> ethnic minority SMEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20resilience" title=" entrepreneurial resilience"> entrepreneurial resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20capabilities" title=" dynamic capabilities"> dynamic capabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153735/ethnic-minority-small-and-medium-enterprises-and-entrepreneurial-resilience-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-case-of-united-kingdom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2288</span> Ethnic Militias and Insecurity in Democratic Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyemi%20Kamil%20Hamzah">Adeyemi Kamil Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20Nathaniel%20Oyesikun"> Abayomi Nathaniel Oyesikun </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout modern history internal strife has burdened Africa most populous nation, Nigeria. The country encompassed more than four hundred ethnic and sub ethnic groups with the different background and identities. This group has not fussed themselves together to emerge as a nation what we have are mere ethnic and religious groups i.e. Hausa/Fulani Igbo Yoruba Ijaw, Ibibio, christian, and Muslim. The source of problematic Nigeria is linked to colonial policy of segmentation, discontent to religion, faith, and ethnicity. The wave of spiral killing among the major ethnic entities with different religious affiliation has brought the process of good governance in the country to its kneel. This paper will place insecurity in Nigeria in context by reviewing the root and rise of ethnic militia. In doing so it will evaluate how the West Africa power house arrive at the point where it is today with all unprecedented unrest from regions that formed Nigeria. Both primary and secondary sources were applied for the quality of this paper. The effects of ethnic militia in realizing and actualizing political stability are equally discussed, recommendations proffered and conclusion given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic" title="ethnic">ethnic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=militia" title=" militia"> militia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecurity" title=" insecurity"> insecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30473/ethnic-militias-and-insecurity-in-democratic-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2287</span> Analysis the Nexus among Ethnic Polarization, Globalization and Export Diversification of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naima%20Mubeen">Naima Mubeen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multi-ethnic societies play a crucial role in managing relevant policies and their implication. Pakistan is a classic case of multicultural identity, social evils and a wide-range of preferential ethnic policies. The major objectives of this study are to explore the relationship between ethnic diversity, globalization and export diversification of Pakistan. For empirical analysis of this underlying nexus by utilizing time series data from 1970 to 2016, this study used the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) technique. The empirical finding of this study reveals that ethnic diversity is an essential component for enhancing globalization and export diversification in the case of Pakistan. Regarding the promotion of globalization and export diversification at different forums of the country, this study suggested that government needs to take steps for the promotion of society towards more cohesiveness by fair justice-based system and awareness programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20diversity" title="ethnic diversity">ethnic diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20exclusion" title=" social exclusion"> social exclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20diversification" title=" export diversification"> export diversification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164358/analysis-the-nexus-among-ethnic-polarization-globalization-and-export-diversification-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2286</span> Minorities and Soccer in the Middle East: Yelling From the Touchline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeb%20Farhan%20Al%20Ganideh">Saeb Farhan Al Ganideh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We draw on insights from theories of group threat and identity to explore how soccer rivalries can decode the relationship between ethnic minorities and local societies. How ethnic minorities used soccer, in the Arab countries of the Middle East, to express their racial-ethnic heritage is the main question that this paper grapples with at its most general level. The rhetoric around soccer and minorities in the Middle East show that ethnic minorities’ soccer clubs have faced varying degrees of discrimination. The paper relies on an analysis of 4 ethnic minorities’ soccer clubs, namely, Circassians in Jordan, Kurds in Syria, Sahrawis in Morocco, and Amazighs in Algeria, focusing on previous and current performance of these clubs. Ethnic minorities’ soccer clubs were the pinnacle in the Middle East region a few decades ago. Nonetheless, these soccer clubs, currently, fighting for not only their place in their countries’ local competitions but also for their existence as soccer clubs. Minorities’ soccer clubs have been plagued with challenges related to the change in political and social contexts in these countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minorities" title="minorities">minorities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rivalries" title=" rivalries"> rivalries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soccer" title=" soccer"> soccer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20east" title=" middle east"> middle east</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150617/minorities-and-soccer-in-the-middle-east-yelling-from-the-touchline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2285</span> Studying Iranian Religious Minority Architecture: Differences and Commonalities in Religious and National Architecture after Safavid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20Soltanmohammadlou">Saeideh Soltanmohammadlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pilar%20M%20Guerrieri"> Pilar M Guerrieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Kianfar"> Amir Kianfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Sadeghian"> Sara Sadeghian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasaman%20Nafezi"> Yasaman Nafezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Irvin"> Emily Irvin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Architecture is rooted in the experiences of the residents in a place. Its foundations are based on needs and circumstances of each territory in terms of climate, available materials, economics and governmental policies, and cultural ideals and ideas of the people that live there. The architectural history of Iran echoes these architectural origins and has revealed certain trends reflecting this territory and culture. However, in recent years, new architectural patterns are developing that diverge from what has previously been considered classic forms of Iranian architecture. This article investigates architectural elements that make up the architecture created by religious minorities after the Safavid dynasty (one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran (from 1501 to 1736) in Iranian cities: Isfahan, Tabriz, Kerman, and Uremia. Similarities and differences are revealed between the architecture that composes neighborhoods of religious minorities in Iran and common national architectural trends in each era after this dynasty. This dynasty is specific as a point of reference in this article because Islam was identified as the state religion of Iran during this era. This decision changed the course of architecture in the country to incorporate religious motifs and meanings. The study associated with this article was conducted as a survey that sought to find links between architecture of religious minorities with Iranian national architecture. Interestingly, a merging of architectural forms and trends occur as immigrants interact with Iranian Islamic meanings. These observations are significant within the context of modern architecture around the world and within Western discourse because what are considered religious minorities in Iran are the dominant religions in Western nations. This makes Iran’s architecture particularly unique as it creates a kind of inverse relationship, than that of Western nations, to the ways in which religion influences architectural history. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture" title=" ethnic architecture"> ethnic architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20architecture" title=" national architecture"> national architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion%20architecture" title=" religion architecture"> religion architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129838/studying-iranian-religious-minority-architecture-differences-and-commonalities-in-religious-and-national-architecture-after-safavid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2284</span> The Relationship Between Multiculturalism, Religion and Ethnic Relations in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Usman">Ahmed Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaduna%20State%20University"> Kaduna State University</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the intricate relationship between multiculturalism, religion, and ethnic relations, aiming to understand how these elements interact within diverse societies. Multiculturalism, as a societal framework, advocates for the coexistence of diverse cultures, encouraging respect and recognition of different cultural identities. Religion often plays a significant role in shaping cultural identity and influencing values, behaviors, and social norms. Ethnic relations, the dynamics between different ethnic groups, are deeply affected by both multicultural policies and religious practices. The researchers investigate how multicultural policies can either foster harmonious ethnic relations or exacerbate tensions, depending on their implementation and societal reception. It also delves into the role of religion in either bridging or widening ethnic divides. Few studies have focused on the phenomenon. This study highlights the conditions under which multiculturalism and religious diversity contribute to social cohesion through qualitative research methodology in Nigeria. The study findings underscore the importance of inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, and education in promoting positive ethnic relations in multicultural settings. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how multiculturalism and religion intersect to influence ethnic dynamics, offering insights for policymakers and community leaders aiming to cultivate harmonious, inclusive societies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiculturalism" title="multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20relations" title=" ethnic relations"> ethnic relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188650/the-relationship-between-multiculturalism-religion-and-ethnic-relations-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2283</span> Explaining the Intercultural Sensitivities of Afghanistan’s Ethnics Group; A Case Study of Tajik and Pashtun People</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ansarullah%20Omari">Ansarullah Omari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines the intercultural sensitivities of ethnic groups (Tajik and Pashtun) in Afghan society. Afghanistan is known as a multi-ethnic society due to its many ethnic groups. Intercultural sensitivities among ethnic groups have been the basis for the formation of conflicts, divisions and discrimination in this country for many years, whose destructive effects include civil wars, immigration and the lack of sustainability of Afghan governments. One of the ways to achieve unity and social interaction with peace and comfort in the multi-ethnic society of Afghanistan is to identify intercultural sensitivities between ethnic groups, especially two large ethnic groups (Tajik and Pashtun) and related factors through intercultural communication. Therefore, the research is conducted with the question of what factors have caused intercultural sensitivities between the Tajik and Pashtun people. And for its scientific understanding, the theory of intercultural sensitivities is used. The current research is participative research that is done with qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative method, by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews, the components of intercultural sensitivities of the Tajik and Pashtun ethnic groups are identified, and then in the quantitative method, these components are measured in a survey in the society. The expected findings are that the level of intercultural sensitivities among the general public is relatively low, but the most important factors that increase intercultural sensitivities between the Tajik and Pashtun ethnic groups are, firstly, politics, secondly, the self-praise of the Pashtun people and in the language issue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20communication" title="intercultural communication">intercultural communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20sensitivity" title=" intercultural sensitivity"> intercultural sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tajik%20people" title=" Tajik people"> Tajik people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pashtun%20people" title=" Pashtun people"> Pashtun people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-depth%20interview" title=" in-depth interview"> in-depth interview</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164232/explaining-the-intercultural-sensitivities-of-afghanistans-ethnics-group-a-case-study-of-tajik-and-pashtun-people" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2282</span> Media Engagement and Ethnic Identity: The Case of the Aeta Ambala of Pastolan Village</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriztine%20R.%20Viray">Kriztine R. Viray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chona%20Rita%20R.%20Cruz"> Chona Rita R. Cruz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper explores the engagement of indigenous group, Aeta Ambala with different media and how this engagement affects their perception of their own ethnic identity. The researchers employed qualitative research as their approach and descriptive research method as their design. The paper integrates two theories. These are communication theory of identity by Michael Hecht and the Uses and Gratification Theory of Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch. Among others, the paper exposes that the engagement of the Aeta-Ambala with the various forms of media certainly affected the way they perceived the outside world and their own ethnic group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aeta%20Ambala" title="Aeta Ambala">Aeta Ambala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic" title=" ethnic"> ethnic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20engagement" title=" media engagement"> media engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46660/media-engagement-and-ethnic-identity-the-case-of-the-aeta-ambala-of-pastolan-village" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2281</span> Ethnic Conflict and African Women's Capacity for Preventive Diplomacy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olaifa%20Temitope%20Abimbola">Olaifa Temitope Abimbola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spate of the occurrence of Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria and indeed Africa is sporadic and to say the least alarming. To scholars of Ethnic Conflict in Africa, it has defied all logical approaches to its resolution. Based on this fact international organisations have begun to look for alternative means of approaching these conflicts. Not a few have agreed that wars are better and cheaper prevented than resolved or transformed. In the light of this, this paper had set out to look at the concept of Preventive Diplomacy, Ethnic Conflict, Women and the role they play in mitigating conflict by researching into activities of women in pre and post-conflict situations in selected African conflict and has been able to establish the peculiar capacity of women in dousing tension both at domestic and communal levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventive%20diplomacy" title="preventive diplomacy">preventive diplomacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peacebuilding" title=" peacebuilding"> peacebuilding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low" title=" low"> low</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22335/ethnic-conflict-and-african-womens-capacity-for-preventive-diplomacy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2280</span> Ethnic Food Consumption: Experiencing Consumer Animosity and Racism on the Front</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Muhammad%20Ayyub">Rana Muhammad Ayyub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal"> Muhammad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Mahmood"> Tahir Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In multicultural societies, food preferences are taking dimensions in both minorities as well as majority ethnic groups. The food consumption behavior of minority ethnic groups has been studied adequately; however, this paper intends to study the consumer behavioral dimensions of majority ethnic groups regarding Halal foods (a minority-related food) in the USA. In this quantitative study, the online questionnaire survey (n=223) was collected through surveymonkey.com from non-Muslims living in various cities in the USA through random sampling. The theory of consumer animosity was a theoretical underpinning. The validated scales were adopted and adapted for all constructs. AMOS 24 was used to apply structural equation modelling (SEM) to the data. Among the majority of ethnic groups, it was found that consumer racism (β= -25) and consumer animosity (β= - 27) negatively affect intention to choose Halal foods, whereas food neophobia has a positive effect (β=36) on this intention. This study will prove instrumental in removing the blame of “Marketing Myopia” from marketing academics and will highlight the importance of prevalent market realities for one of the fastest growing ethnic food markets, i.e., Halal of the world. It has practical implications for Halal food marketers in particular and other ethnic food marketers in general. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20racism" title="consumer racism">consumer racism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animosity" title=" animosity"> animosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halal%20foods" title=" Halal foods"> Halal foods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20consumption" title=" ethnic consumption"> ethnic consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20neophobia" title=" food neophobia"> food neophobia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153040/ethnic-food-consumption-experiencing-consumer-animosity-and-racism-on-the-front" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2279</span> Identity and Ethnic Conflicts in Afghanistan: Diversity as a Cultural Treasure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Azimi">Morteza Azimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Afghanistan, as a multi-ethnic country, there have been ethnic conflicts, especially after 2001. These conflicts are more visible among the four main ethnicities Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, and Uzbek. In this paper, such ethnic conflicts and their roles in the political sphere will be discussed. The distribution of personal electronic ID cards, for example, has been one of the most controversial and unsuccessful projects in Afghanistan. As a result, the lack of clear population statistics has led to several corrupted and unsuccessful presidential elections since 2001. The nation-building process in post-Taliban Afghanistan, as well as the Afghan government’s failure to build a nation, are discussed. By referring to the hybridity theory of Homi Bhabha, it is argued that the process of assimilation for nation-building has not only failed but has deepened ethnic divisions. In the end, some suggestions and solutions for making the most out of ethnic diversity rather than suffering from it will be provided. It will be argued that diversity or difference improves the freedom of choices for groups and individuals; it boosts agency in comparison with life in an assimilated, coherent, and homogeneous society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghan%20identity" title="Afghan identity">Afghan identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title=" ethnicity"> ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nation-building" title=" nation-building"> nation-building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20system" title=" political system"> political system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20and%20other" title=" self and other"> self and other</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134877/identity-and-ethnic-conflicts-in-afghanistan-diversity-as-a-cultural-treasure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2278</span> Minority Students' Attitudes on Preferential Policies for Ethnic Minorities in China: Case Study of an Institute of Education for Ethnic Minorities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxu%20Liu">Xiaoxu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuwen%20Chen"> Yuwen Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we investigated ethnic minority students’ perception of the implementation of preferential policies in China. Using a mixed methods design, we surveyed 320 students from an institute of education for ethnic minorities and conducted further in-depth interviews with seven respondents. Although interviewees were from 30 ethnic groups, most of them were from mainstream high schools. We found that minority students from preparatory classes have an overall positive attitude towards preferential policies and preparatory class but lack sense of belonging to the university for various reasons. Findings indicate that although preparatory class is regarded as being helpful for minority students’ academic development, there are differences of attitude mainly depending on the high schools they graduated from and their ethnic identities. Our analyses suggest that ethnicity, high school graduated from, hometown and family income are more important than gender, religion, and political affiliation when accounting for their perceptions of the implementation of preferential policies in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20minority%20education" title="Chinese minority education">Chinese minority education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preferential%20policies" title=" preferential policies"> preferential policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey%20analysis" title=" survey analysis"> survey analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99562/minority-students-attitudes-on-preferential-policies-for-ethnic-minorities-in-china-case-study-of-an-institute-of-education-for-ethnic-minorities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2277</span> A 'Four Method Framework' for Fighting Software Architecture Erosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sundus%20Ayyaz">Sundus Ayyaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Rehman"> Saad Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Qamar"> Usman Qamar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software Architecture is the basic structure of software that states the development and advancement of a software system. Software architecture is also considered as a significant tool for the construction of high quality software systems. A clean design leads to the control, value and beauty of software resulting in its longer life while a bad design is the cause of architectural erosion where a software evolution completely fails. This paper discusses the occurrence of software architecture erosion and presents a set of methods for the detection, declaration and prevention of architecture erosion. The causes and symptoms of architecture erosion are observed with the examples of prescriptive and descriptive architectures and the practices used to stop this erosion are also discussed by considering different types of software erosion and their affects. Consequently finding and devising the most suitable approach for fighting software architecture erosion and in some way reducing its affect is evaluated and tested on different scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20architecture" title="software architecture">software architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture%20erosion" title=" architecture erosion"> architecture erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prescriptive%20architecture" title=" prescriptive architecture"> prescriptive architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive%20architecture" title=" descriptive architecture"> descriptive architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19650/a-four-method-framework-for-fighting-software-architecture-erosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2276</span> Constitutive Role of Light in Christian Sacred Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sokol%20Gojnik">Sokol Gojnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zorana%3B%20Gojnik"> Zorana; Gojnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor"> Igor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light is the central theme of sacred architecture of all religions and so of Christianity. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the inner sense of light and its constitutive role in Christian sacred architecture. The theme of light in Christian sacred architecture is fundamentally connected to its meaning and symbolism of light in Christian theology and liturgy. This fundamental connection is opening the space to the symbolic and theological comprehending of light which was present throughout the history of Christianity and which is lacking in contemporary sacred architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title="light">light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacred%20architecture" title=" sacred architecture"> sacred architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20architecture" title=" religious architecture"> religious architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenology%20of%20architecture" title=" phenomenology of architecture"> phenomenology of architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80768/constitutive-role-of-light-in-christian-sacred-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2275</span> Industrial Management of Highland Community: The Hmong Ethnic Group Hill Tribe, Phetchabun Province </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kusuma%20Palaprom">Kusuma Palaprom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aims of this research are: 1) to study Hmong ethnic group hill tribe’s way of life and community industrial management and 2) to bring the industrial management into the community. This is a Participatory Action Research (PAR) using qualitative and quantitative data. The findings are: 1) Way of living and learning from nature of Hmong ethnic group hill tribe bases on their cultural relic belief. Hmong‘s way of life or occupation is traditional agriculture which cannot be business because they cannot adopt the industrial management to the community economic innovation base on local wisdom. 2) Quality of life development using local wisdom cost is not worth. Hmong ethnic group hill tribe are lack of modern knowledge-managerial aspect and the application of local wisdom cost and 3) the government supports for Hmong’s developing of life quality are limited. Solving problem guidelines are: 1) to create awareness of ethnic group wisdom-industrial conservation. 2) Government policy need to give an opportunity and motivate ethnic group community to do the cultural-industrial conservation with industrial management process and local wisdom cost. In order to, improve the sustainability of quality of life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20management" title="industrial management">industrial management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highland%20community" title=" highland community"> highland community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20empowerment%20ethnic%20group" title=" community empowerment ethnic group "> community empowerment ethnic group </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23434/industrial-management-of-highland-community-the-hmong-ethnic-group-hill-tribe-phetchabun-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2274</span> Cohabitation, Ethnicities, and Tolerance: An Anthropologic Approach of Political Conflicts in Mozambique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Francisco%20Ngovene">Samuel Francisco Ngovene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mozambique is a country with cultural segregation along its rivers, dividing the main ethnic groups of Machangana, Macena, and Macua, inter alia South, Centre, and North. This division has led to internal conflicts, seemingly rooted in ethnicity. The aim of this study is to analyze the tolerance of the main ethnic groups in Mozambique in terms of cohabitation, sharing opportunities, and political power. The study utilizes participant observation in the field, group discussions, and a questionnaire targeting 150 respondents split into 50 for each ethnic group. The study finds that people in Mozambique are generally tolerant of cohabiting or marrying individuals from different ethnic groups. However, when it comes to sharing opportunities such as employment or business, there is a perception that individuals from different ethnic groups may be taking away opportunities. Similarly, each ethnic group believes that having a president from their own group would lead to better opportunities for their community. The study highlights the importance of addressing this intolerance, as it can be a source of internal political conflicts. The anthropological approach provides a valuable tool for diplomacy channels to ensure long-lasting peace. Analysis procedures: The data collected through participant observation, group discussions are analytically crosschecked, comparing the opinions of people from different ethnic groups, while the data from the questionnaire are analyzed statistically to understand the level of tolerance among the ethnic groups and their perceptions of sharing opportunities and political power. The study addresses the question of whether the main ethnic groups in Mozambique are tolerant of cohabitation, sharing opportunities, and political power among themselves. The study concludes that while there is overall tolerance for cohabitation and marriage across ethnic groups, there is also a perception that individuals from different ethnic groups may take away opportunities. The study suggests that cultural education from a young age may be an effective way to promote tolerance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohabitation" title="cohabitation">cohabitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicities" title=" ethnicities"> ethnicities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozambique" title=" Mozambique"> Mozambique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20conflicts" title=" political conflicts"> political conflicts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance"> tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182170/cohabitation-ethnicities-and-tolerance-an-anthropologic-approach-of-political-conflicts-in-mozambique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2273</span> Climate Change and Variability-Induced Resource Based Conflicts: The Case of the Issa, Ittu and Afar (Agro) Pastoralists of Eastern Ethiopia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bamlaku%20Tadesse%20Mengistu">Bamlaku Tadesse Mengistu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article explores the link between climate change/variability and its adaptation/coping strategies with resource-based ethnic conflicts among the Afar, Issa-Somali, and Ittu-Oromo ethnic groups. The qualitative data were collected from community leaders, ordinary members of the communities, and administrative and political bodies at various levels through one-on-one interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. The quantitative data were also collected through a household survey from the randomly selected 128 households drawn from the three districts of Mieso-Mullu, Mieso, and Amibara districts. The study shows that there is a causal relationship between resource scarcity impacted by climate change/variability and ethnic conflicts. The study reveals that the increasing nature of resource scarcity and environmental problems, and also the changing nature of ethnic diversity will aggravate the resource-based inter-ethnic conflicts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eastern%20Ethiopia" title="Eastern Ethiopia">Eastern Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20conflict" title=" ethnic conflict"> ethnic conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afar" title=" Afar"> Afar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa" title=" Issa"> Issa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ittu" title=" Ittu"> Ittu</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109664/climate-change-and-variability-induced-resource-based-conflicts-the-case-of-the-issa-ittu-and-afar-agro-pastoralists-of-eastern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2272</span> The Impact of Technology on Architecture and Graphic Designs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feby%20Zaki%20Raouf%20Fawzy">Feby Zaki Raouf Fawzy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, design and architecture are being affected and undergoing change with the rapid advancements in technology, economics, politics, society, and culture. Architecture has been transforming with the latest developments after the inclusion of computers in design. Integration of design into the computational environment has revolutionized architecture and unique perspectives in architecture have been gained. The history of architecture shows the various technological developments and changes in which architecture has transformed with time. Therefore, the analysis of integration between technology and the history of the architectural process makes it possible to build a consensus on the idea of how architecture is to proceed. In this study, each period that occurs with the integration of technology into architecture is addressed within the historical process. At the same time, changes in architecture via technology are identified as important milestones and predictions with regards to the future of architecture have been determined. Developments and changes in technology and the use of technology in architecture within years are analyzed in charts and graphs comparatively. The historical process of architecture and its transformation via technology is supported by a detailed literature review, and they are consolidated with the examination of focal points of 20th-century architecture under the titles parametric design, genetic architecture, simulation, and biomimicry. It is concluded that with the historical research between past and present, the developments in architecture cannot keep up with the advancements in technology, and recent developments in technology overshadow architecture; even technology decides the direction of architecture. As a result, a scenario is presented with regard to the reach of technology in the future of architecture and the role of the architect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20and%20development%20the%20information%20technology%20architecture" title="design and development the information technology architecture">design and development the information technology architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title=" enterprise architecture"> enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture%20design%20result" title=" enterprise architecture design result"> enterprise architecture design result</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOGAF%20architecture%20development%20method%20%28ADM%29" title=" TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)"> TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184331/the-impact-of-technology-on-architecture-and-graphic-designs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2271</span> Considering the Relationship between Architecture and Philosophy: Toyo Ito’s Conceptual Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serap%20Durmus">Serap Durmus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to exemplify the relation of architecture and philosophy over the Japanese architect Toyo Ito’s conceptual architecture. The study is practiced in ‘Architecture and Philosophy Readings’ elective course with 22 sophomore architecture students in Karadeniz Technical University Department of Architecture. It is planned as a workshop, which discusses the design philosophy of Toyo Ito’s buildings and the reflections of concept in his intellectual architecture. So, the paper contains Toyo Ito’s philosophy, his discourses and buildings and also thinking similarities with philosopher Gilles Deleuze. Thus, the workshop of course is about architecture and philosophy relationship. With this aspect, a holistic graphic representation is aimed for Toyo Ito who thinks that everything composes a whole. As a result, it can be said that architect and philosopher interaction in architecture and philosophy relation supports creative thinking. Conceptual architecture of Toyo Ito has philosophical roots and his philosophy can be read over his buildings and can be represent totally via a holistic pattern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20architecture" title=" conceptual architecture"> conceptual architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilles%20Deleuze" title=" Gilles Deleuze"> Gilles Deleuze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy" title=" philosophy"> philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toyo%20Ito" title=" Toyo Ito"> Toyo Ito</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49865/considering-the-relationship-between-architecture-and-philosophy-toyo-itos-conceptual-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2270</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Urbanism, Architecture and Environmental Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abanoub%20Rady%20Shaker%20Saleb">Abanoub Rady Shaker Saleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, design and architecture are being affected and underwent change with the rapid advancements in technology, economics, politics, society and culture. Architecture has been transforming with the latest developments after the inclusion of computers into design. Integration of design into the computational environment has revolutionized the architecture and new perspectives in architecture have been gained. The history of architecture shows the various technological developments and changes in which the architecture has transformed with time. Therefore, the analysis of integration between technology and the history of the architectural process makes it possible to build a consensus on the idea of how architecture is to proceed. In this study, each period that occurs with the integration of technology into architecture is addressed within historical process. At the same time, changes in architecture via technology are identified as important milestones and predictions with regards to the future of architecture have been determined. Developments and changes in technology and the use of technology in architecture within years are analyzed in charts and graphs comparatively. The historical process of architecture and its transformation via technology are supported with detailed literature review and they are consolidated with the examination of focal points of 20th-century architecture under the titles; parametric design, genetic architecture, simulation, and biomimicry. It is concluded that with the historical research between past and present; the developments in architecture cannot keep up with the advancements in technology and recent developments in technology overshadow the architecture, even the technology decides the direction of architecture. As a result, a scenario is presented with regards to the reach of technology in the future of architecture and the role of the architect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20and%20development%20the%20information%20technology%20architecture" title="design and development the information technology architecture">design and development the information technology architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title=" enterprise architecture"> enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture%20design%20result" title=" enterprise architecture design result"> enterprise architecture design result</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOGAF%20architecture%20development%20method%20%28ADM%29" title=" TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)"> TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183083/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-urbanism-architecture-and-environmental-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2269</span> Islamic Architecture and the Challenges against It</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Torabiyan">Mohammad Torabiyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazem%20%20Mosawi%20Nejad"> Kazem Mosawi Nejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today architecture has become as a powerful media for introducing cultures to the world, which in turn brings about a change in the global insight, power gaining, investment and development. Islamic architecture is based on the language of Koran and shows the depth and richness of Islam through spiritual soul. This is in a way that belief in monotheism and faith in Islamic teachings are manifested as Islam's aesthetic thought in Islamic architecture. Unfortunately, Islamic architecture has been damaged a lot due to lack of necessary information and also successive wars which have overtaken the Muslims as well as the dominance of colonizing counties. Islamic architecture is rooted in the history, culture and civilization of Muslims but its deficiencies and shortcomings should be removed through systematizing the Islamic architecture researchers. Islamic countries should act in a way that the art of Islamic architecture shows its true place in different architecture eras and makes everybody aware that Islamic architecture has a historical root and is connected eternally to the genuineness, religious art and culture of Muslims and civilization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art" title="art">art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civilization" title=" civilization"> civilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20architecture" title=" Islamic architecture"> Islamic architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslims" title=" Muslims "> Muslims </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3723/islamic-architecture-and-the-challenges-against-it" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2268</span> The Transformation of Architecture through the Technological Developments in History: Future Architecture Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Gurel">Adel Gurel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozge%20Ceylin%20Yildirim"> Ozge Ceylin Yildirim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, design and architecture are being affected and underwent change with the rapid advancements in technology, economics, politics, society and culture. Architecture has been transforming with the latest developments after the inclusion of computers into design. Integration of design into the computational environment has revolutionized the architecture and new perspectives in architecture have been gained. The history of architecture shows the various technological developments and changes in which the architecture has transformed with time. Therefore, the analysis of integration between technology and the history of the architectural process makes it possible to build a consensus on the idea of how architecture is to proceed. In this study, each period that occurs with the integration of technology into architecture is addressed within historical process. At the same time, changes in architecture via technology are identified as important milestones and predictions with regards to the future of architecture have been determined. Developments and changes in technology and the use of technology in architecture within years are analyzed in charts and graphs comparatively. The historical process of architecture and its transformation via technology are supported with detailed literature review and they are consolidated with the examination of focal points of 20th-century architecture under the titles; parametric design, genetic architecture, simulation, and biomimicry. It is concluded that with the historical research between past and present; the developments in architecture cannot keep up with the advancements in technology and recent developments in technology overshadow the architecture, even the technology decides the direction of architecture. As a result, a scenario is presented with regards to the reach of technology in the future of architecture and the role of the architect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20technologies" title="computer technologies">computer technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20architecture" title=" future architecture"> future architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20developments" title=" scientific developments"> scientific developments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97361/the-transformation-of-architecture-through-the-technological-developments-in-history-future-architecture-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2267</span> Ethnic Tourism and Real Estate Development: A Case of Yiren Ancient Town, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yang">Li Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism is employed by many countries to facilitate socioeconomic development and to assist in the heritage preservation. An “ethnic culture boom” is currently driving the tourism industry in China. Ethnic minorities, commonly portrayed as primitive, colorful and exotic, have become a big tourist draw. Many cultural attractions have been built throughout China to meet the demands of domestic tourists. Sacred cultural heritage sites have been rehabilitated as a major component of ethnic tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine the interconnected consequences of tourism development and tourism-related leisure property development and, and to discuss, in a broader context, issues and considerations that are pertinent to the management and development of ethnic attractions. The role of real estate in tourism development and its sociocultural consequences are explored. An empirical research was conducted in Yiren Ancient Town (literally, "Ancient Town of Yi People") in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, China. Multiple research methods, including in-depth interviews, informal discussions, on-site observations, and secondary data review were employed to measure residents and tourism decision-makers’ perceptions of ethnic tourism and to explore the impacts of tourism on local community. Key informants from government officials, tourism developers and local communities were interviewed individually to gather what they think about benefits and costs of tourism, and what their concerns about and hopes for tourism development are. Yiren Ancient Town was constructed in classical Yi architecture style featuring tranquil garden scenery. Commercial streets, entertainment complexes, and accommodation facilities occupied the center of the town, creating culturally distinctive and visually stimulating places for tourists. A variety of activities are presented to visitors, including walking tours of the town, staged dance shows, musical performances, ethnic festivals and ceremonies, tasting minority food and wedding shows. This study reveals that tourism real estate has transformed the town from a traditional neighborhood into diverse real estate landscapes. Ethnic architecture, costumes, festivals and folk culture have been represented, altered and reinvented through the tourist gaze and mechanisms of cultural production. Tourism is now a new economic driver of the community providing opportunities for the creation of small businesses. There was a general appreciation in the community that tourism has created many employment opportunities, especially for self-employment. However, profit-seeking is a primary motivation for the government, developers, businesses, and other actors involved in the tourism development process. As the town has attracted an increasing number of visitors, commercialization and business competition are intense in the town. Many residents complained about elevated land prices, making the town and the surroundings comparatively high-value locales. Local community is also concerned about the decline of traditional ethnic culture and an erosion of the sense of identity and place. A balance is difficult to maintain between protection and development. The preservation of ethnic culture and heritage should be enhanced if long-term sustainable development of tourism is to occur and the loss of ethnic identities is to be avoided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20town" title="ancient town">ancient town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20tourism" title=" ethnic tourism"> ethnic tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20community" title=" local community"> local community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20estate" title=" real estate"> real estate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46750/ethnic-tourism-and-real-estate-development-a-case-of-yiren-ancient-town-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2266</span> Religious Identity in the Diaspora: Peculiarities of Religious Consciousness and Behavior of Armenians in Tbilisi and Tehran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelli%20R.%20Khachaturian">Nelli R. Khachaturian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of modern societies is largely associated with ethno-religious processes. The study of diasporas through the prism of religious processes is primarily aimed at identifying the impact of religious consciousness and behavior on the processes of reproduction of ethnic identity. Most often, it is religion that is associated with ethnic culture and historical heritage. Due to the peculiarities of the country of residence, different segments of the same ethnic group may demonstrate different religious consciousness and behavior. This paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of the religious behavior and consciousness of the representatives of the Armenian communities of Tbilisi and Tehran, based on the data obtained from the large-scale ethnic-sociological studies realized from 2013 to 2017 in Tehran and Tbilisi in the context of various spheres of public relations. Such research experience is of interest not only for understanding the dynamics of ethno-religious processes in the diasporas but also for understanding the role of religion as one of the most important factors in the formation of the mechanisms of self-preservation of an ethnic group, its current state and development prospects in the context of its own, different ethnic and / or foreign religious (non-confessional) environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenian%20ethnicity" title="Armenian ethnicity">Armenian ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenian%20diaspora" title=" Armenian diaspora"> Armenian diaspora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20consciousness" title=" religious consciousness"> religious consciousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20behavior" title=" religious behavior"> religious behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenian%20community%20of%20Tbilisi" title=" Armenian community of Tbilisi"> Armenian community of Tbilisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenian%20community%20of%20Tehran" title=" Armenian community of Tehran"> Armenian community of Tehran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189203/religious-identity-in-the-diaspora-peculiarities-of-religious-consciousness-and-behavior-of-armenians-in-tbilisi-and-tehran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2265</span> Gut Metabolite Profiling of the Ethnic Groups from Assam, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhusmita%20Dehingia">Madhusmita Dehingia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supriyo%20Sen"> Supriyo Sen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhuwan%20Bhaskar"> Bhuwan Bhaskar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tulsi%20Joishy"> Tulsi Joishy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojibur%20R.%20Khan"> Mojibur R. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human gut microbes and their metabolites are important for maintaining homeostasis in the gut and are responsible for many metabolic and immune mediated diseases. In the present study, we determined the profiles of the gut metabolites of five different ethnic groups (Bodo, Tai-Phake, Karbi, Tea tribe and Tai-Aiton) of Assam. Fecal metabolite profiling of the 39 individuals belonging to the ethnic groups was carried out using Gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and comparison was performed among the tribes for common and unique metabolites produced within their gut. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) of the metabolites suggested that the individuals grouped according to their ethnicity. Among the 66 abundant metabolites, 12 metabolites were found to be common among the five ethnic groups. Additionally, ethnicity wise some unique metabolites were also detected. For example, the tea tribe of Assam contained the tea components, Aniline and Benzoate more in their gut in comparison to others. Metabolites of microbial origin were also correlated with the already published metagenomic data of the same ethnic group and functional analysis were carried out based on human metabolome database. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title="ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiota" title=" gut microbiota"> gut microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolites" title=" metabolites"> metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60440/gut-metabolite-profiling-of-the-ethnic-groups-from-assam-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=76">76</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=77">77</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20architecture&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>