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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pugliese_torpedo_defense_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Pugliese torpedo defense system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pugliese_torpedo_defense_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Service history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Littorio_design_in_foreign_navies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Littorio_design_in_foreign_navies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The <i>Littorio</i> design in foreign navies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Littorio_design_in_foreign_navies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Endnotes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Endnotes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Endnotes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Endnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Littorio</i>-class battleship</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%E2%80%9E%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%E2%80%9C" title="Линейни кораби тип „Литорио“ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Линейни кораби тип „Литорио“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADda_Littorio" title="Třída Littorio – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třída Littorio" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littorio-Klasse" title="Littorio-Klasse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Littorio-Klasse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clase_Littorio" title="Clase Littorio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clase Littorio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نبردناو کلاس لیتوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبردناو کلاس لیتوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Littorio" title="Classe Littorio – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classe Littorio" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4_%EB%B2%A0%EB%84%A4%ED%86%A0%EA%B8%89_%EC%A0%84%ED%95%A8" title="비토리오 베네토급 전함 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비토리오 베네토급 전함" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bojni_brodovi_klase_Littorio" title="Bojni brodovi klase Littorio – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bojni brodovi klase Littorio" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_tempur_kelas_Littorio" title="Kapal tempur kelas Littorio – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapal tempur kelas Littorio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Littorio" title="Classe Littorio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classe Littorio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littorio_oszt%C3%A1ly" title="Littorio osztály – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Littorio osztály" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8D%E3%83%88%E7%B4%9A%E6%88%A6%E8%89%A6" title="ヴィットリオ・ヴェネト級戦艦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィットリオ・ヴェネト級戦艦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littorio-klassen" title="Littorio-klassen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Littorio-klassen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancerniki_typu_Littorio" title="Pancerniki typu Littorio – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pancerniki typu Littorio" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Littorio" title="Classe Littorio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Classe Littorio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%C2%BB" title="Линейные корабли типа «Литторио» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линейные корабли типа «Литторио»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Бојни бродови класе Литорио – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бојни бродови класе Литорио" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littorio-klass" title="Littorio-klass – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Littorio-klass" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD" title="เรือประจัญบานชั้นลิตโตรีโอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรือประจัญบานชั้นลิตโตรีโอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littorio_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1f%C4%B1_z%C4%B1rhl%C4%B1" title="Littorio sınıfı zırhlı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Littorio sınıfı zırhlı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%C2%BB" title="Лінійні кораблі типу «Літторіо» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінійні кораблі типу «Літторіо»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littorio_(l%E1%BB%9Bp_thi%E1%BA%BFt_gi%C3%A1p_h%E1%BA%A1m)" title="Littorio (lớp thiết giáp hạm) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Littorio (lớp thiết giáp hạm)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%86%85%E6%89%98%E7%BA%A7%E6%88%98%E5%88%97%E8%88%B0" title="维托里奥·维内托级战列舰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维托里奥·维内托级战列舰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1190744#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fast battleship class of the Italian Royal Navy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_battleship_Roma_(1940)_starboard_bow_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_starboard_bow_view.jpg/300px-Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_starboard_bow_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_starboard_bow_view.jpg/450px-Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_starboard_bow_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_starboard_bow_view.jpg/600px-Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_starboard_bow_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="655" /></a></span><div><i>Roma</i></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Class overview</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Littorio</i> class</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operators</td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/46px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Regia Marina</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Preceded by</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Caracciolo-class_battleship" title="Francesco Caracciolo-class battleship"><i>Francesco Caracciolo</i> class</a> (planned)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Doria-class_battleship" title="Andrea Doria-class battleship"><i>Andrea Doria</i> class</a> (actual)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Succeeded by</td><td>None</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Built</td><td>1934–1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In service</td><td>1940–1948</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Planned</td><td>4</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>3</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Cancelled</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Lost</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics for <i>Littorio</i>, as built</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Fast_battleship" title="Fast battleship">Fast battleship</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_displacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard displacement">Standard</a>: 40,724 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (40,081 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>; 44,891 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Full_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Full load">Full load</a>: 45,236 t (44,522 long tons; 49,864 short tons)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>237.76 m (780 ft 1 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>32.82 m (107 ft 8 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>9.6 m (31 ft 6 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_boiler" title="Yarrow boiler">Yarrow boilers</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">128,200 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a> (95,600 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbines</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × <a href="/wiki/Screw_propeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw propeller">screw propellers</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>30 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (56 km/h; 35 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>4,580 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (8,480 km) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Crew</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">80 officers</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,750 enlisted</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">9 × <a href="/wiki/381mm_/_50_Model_1934_naval_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="381mm / 50 Model 1934 naval gun">381 mm (15 in) guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">12 × <a href="/wiki/152_mm_/55_Italian_naval_gun_Models_1934_and_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="152 mm /55 Italian naval gun Models 1934 and 1936">152 mm (6 in) guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × 120 mm (4.7 in)/40 guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">12 × <a href="/wiki/Cannone_da_90/53#Naval_version" title="Cannone da 90/53">90 mm (3.5 in) anti-aircraft guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">20 × <a href="/wiki/Cannone-Mitragliera_da_37/54_(Breda)" title="Cannone-Mitragliera da 37/54 (Breda)">37 mm (1.5 in) guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">20 × <a href="/wiki/Breda_Model_35" class="mw-redirect" title="Breda Model 35">20 mm (0.79 in) guns</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">Belt</a>: 280 mm (11 in) + 70 mm (3 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a>: 90–150 mm (3.5–5.9 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(partition)" title="Bulkhead (partition)">Bulkheads</a>: 70–280 mm (2.8–11.0 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">Barbettes</a>: 350 mm (14 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Turrets</a>: 380 mm (15 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">Conning tower</a>: 255 mm (10.0 in)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aircraft carried</td><td>3</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aviation facilities</td><td>1 <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult#Interwar_and_World_War_II" title="Aircraft catapult">catapult</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>Littorio</i> class</b>, also known as the <b><i>Vittorio Veneto</i> class</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Ship_class" title="Ship class">class</a> of <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Regia Marina</a>, the Italian navy. The class was composed of four ships—<a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Littorio" title="Italian battleship Littorio"><i>Littorio</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Italian battleship Vittorio Veneto"><i>Vittorio Veneto</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Roma_(1940)" title="Italian battleship Roma (1940)"><i>Roma</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Impero" title="Italian battleship Impero"><i>Impero</i></a>—but only the first three ships of the class were completed. Built between 1934 and 1942, they were the most modern battleships used by Italy during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. They were developed in response to the French <a href="/wiki/Dunkerque-class_battleship" title="Dunkerque-class battleship"><i>Dunkerque</i>-class</a> battleships, and were armed with 381-millimeter (15 in) guns and had a top speed of 30 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (56 km/h; 35 mph). The class's design was considered by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a>, but the outbreak of World War II interrupted construction plans. </p><p>The first two ships, <i>Littorio</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i>, were operational by the early months of Italy's participation in World War II. They formed the backbone of the Italian fleet, and conducted several sorties into the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> to intercept British convoys, though without any notable success. The two ships were repeatedly <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoed</a> throughout their careers: <i>Littorio</i> was hit by a torpedo during the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Taranto" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack on Taranto">attack on Taranto</a> in November 1940 and again in June 1942; <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> was torpedoed during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Matapan" title="Battle of Cape Matapan">Battle of Cape Matapan</a> in March 1941 and while escorting a convoy to <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> in September 1941. <i>Roma</i> joined the fleet in June 1942, although all three ships remained inactive in <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a> until June 1943, when all three were damaged in a series of <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> air attacks on the harbor. </p><p>In September 1943, Italy capitulated and signed an <a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Italy_and_Allied_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces">Armistice with the Allies</a>. <i>Littorio</i> was then renamed <i>Italia</i>. The three active battleships were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> before they were to be interned in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>. While en route to Malta, German bombers attacked the fleet with <a href="/wiki/Fritz_X" title="Fritz X">Fritz X</a> radio-guided bombs, damaging <i>Italia</i> and sinking <i>Roma</i>. Nevertheless, <i>Italia</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> reached Malta and were interned. The incomplete <i>Impero</i> was seized by the Germans after Italy withdrew from the war and used as a target, until she was sunk by American bombers in 1945. <i>Italia</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> were awarded to the United States and Britain, respectively, as <a href="/wiki/War_prize" class="mw-redirect" title="War prize">war prizes</a>. <i>Italia</i>, <i>Vittorio Veneto</i>, and <i>Impero</i> were broken up for scrap between 1952 and 1954. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a> of 1922 allotted Italy an additional 70,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (71,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>) of total capital ship tonnage, which could be used in 1927–1929, while other powers were observing the "holiday" in battleship construction prescribed by the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169–170_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169–170-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France, which was given parity with Italy, also possessed 70,000 tons of capital ship tonnage. Both countries were put under significant pressure from the other signatories to use their allotted tonnage to build smaller battleships with reduced caliber <a href="/wiki/Main_battery" title="Main battery">main batteries</a>. The first Italian design, prepared in 1928, called for a 23,000-long-ton (23,370 t) ship armed with a main battery of six 381 mm (15 in) guns in twin turrets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985372–373_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985372–373-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They opted for this design because this allowed three ships under the 70,000-ton limit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley170_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley170-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would have allowed the Italian fleet to keep at least two units operational at any given time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro11_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro11-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protection and radius of action were sacrificed for speed and heavy armament, though the Italians did not value range, as they operated primarily in the confined waters of the Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985373_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985373-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 1928, the design staff prepared another ship, with a <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a> of 35,000 long tons (36,000 t), armed with six 406 mm (16 in) guns and protected against guns of the same caliber. At least one of these ships would have followed the three 23,000-ton ships once the building holiday expired in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro11_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro11-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funding was not allocated to begin construction, however, as the Italian Navy did not want to instigate an arms race with the French Navy. The <a href="/wiki/London_Naval_Treaty" title="London Naval Treaty">London Naval Treaty</a> of 1930 extended the building holiday to 1936, though Italy and France retained the right to build 70,000 tons of new capital ships. Both countries rejected British proposals to limit new battleship designs to 25,000 long tons (25,400 t) and 305 mm (12 in) guns. After 1930, the Italian Navy abandoned the smaller designs altogether. By 1930, Germany had begun to build the three <a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_cruiser" title="Deutschland-class cruiser"><i>Deutschland</i>-class</a> ships, armed with six 280 mm (11 in) guns, and France had in turn laid down two <a href="/wiki/Dunkerque-class_battleship" title="Dunkerque-class battleship"><i>Dunkerque</i>-class</a> battleships to counter them. The French vessels were armed with eight 330 mm (13 in) guns. In late 1932, Italian constructors responded with a design similar to the <i>Deutschland</i> class, but armed with six 343 mm (13.5 in) guns in triple turrets on a 18,000-long-ton (18,290 t) displacement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985374_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985374-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Italian Navy decided that the smaller design was impractical, and that a larger design should be pursued. A 26,500 long tons (26,900 t) design was then prepared, which mounted eight 343 mm guns in twin turrets. This was ultimately abandoned in favor of a 35,000 ton design to be armed with 406 mm guns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985377–379_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985377–379-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 406 mm gun in turn was abandoned in favor of the 381 mm gun because there were no designs for the larger gun, which would delay construction; a 381 mm gun had already been designed for the canceled <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Caracciolo-class_battleship" title="Francesco Caracciolo-class battleship"><i>Francesco Caracciolo</i> class</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStille22_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStille22-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, nine 381 mm guns in three triple turrets were adopted as the primary battery for the ships, on a displacement in excess of 40,000 long tons (41,000 t),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite the fact that this violated the established naval treaties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStille23_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStille23-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, by the time these ships entered service, the international arms control system had fallen apart and the major naval powers had invoked the "escalator clause" that allowed for ships up to 45,000-long-ton (46,000 t) displacement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro22–23_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro22–23-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_characteristics">General characteristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Littorio_class_battleship.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Littorio_class_battleship.png/220px-Littorio_class_battleship.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Littorio_class_battleship.png/330px-Littorio_class_battleship.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Littorio_class_battleship.png/440px-Littorio_class_battleship.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>Line-drawing of the <i>Littorio</i> class</figcaption></figure> <p>The ships of the class varied slightly in dimensions. <i>Littorio</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> were 224.05 meters (735 ft 1 in) <a href="/wiki/Length_between_perpendiculars" title="Length between perpendiculars">long between perpendiculars</a> and 237.76 m (780 ft 1 in) <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">long overall</a>, while <i>Roma</i> and <i>Impero</i> were 240.68 m (789 ft 8 in) long overall. All four ships had a <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">draft</a> of 9.6 m (31 ft 6 in) and a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 32.82 m (107 ft 8 in). <i>Littorio</i> displaced 40,724 metric tons (40,081 long tons; 44,891 short tons) as designed and 45,236 t (44,522 long tons; 49,864 short tons) at full load. <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> displaced 40,517 t (39,877 long tons; 44,662 short tons) and 45,029 t (44,318 long tons; 49,636 short tons), respectively. <i>Roma</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s displacement increased slightly as compared to the other ships, to 40,992 t (40,345 long tons; 45,186 short tons) and 45,485 t (44,767 long tons; 50,139 short tons), respectively. As <i>Impero</i> was not completed, her final displacement is unknown. As built, the ships were fitted with <a href="/wiki/Bulbous_bow" title="Bulbous bow">bulbous bows</a> to increase their speed, but they were found to cause serious vibration, which forced a modification to the bow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289–290_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289–290-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Littorio</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> had a standard crew of 80 officers and 1,750 enlisted men; while serving as a <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a>, the crew was increased by a command staff of between 11 and 31 additional officers. The standard crew for <i>Roma</i> and <i>Impero</i> was increased by 100 enlisted men. Aircraft facilities were located on the <a href="/wiki/Quarterdeck" title="Quarterdeck">quarterdeck</a>, where it was initially planned to base six <a href="/wiki/Cierva_Autogiro_Company" title="Cierva Autogiro Company">La Cierva</a> <a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">autogyros</a>. Instead, a single <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">catapult</a> was fitted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley171_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley171-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ships were equipped with three <a href="/wiki/IMAM_Ro.43" title="IMAM Ro.43">Ro.43</a> reconnaissance seaplanes or navalized <a href="/wiki/Reggiane_Re.2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Reggiane Re.2000">Re.2000</a> fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraccaroli19_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraccaroli19-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Re.2000 fighter was a wheeled aircraft and had to land on an airfield.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley171_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley171-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ships' propulsion system consisted of four Belluzzo geared <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbines</a> powered by eight oil-fired <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_boiler" title="Yarrow boiler">Yarrow boilers</a>. The engines were rated at 128,200 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shaft horsepower</a> (95,600 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>) and a top speed of 30 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (56 km/h; 35 mph). On <a href="/wiki/Sea_trial" title="Sea trial">sea trials</a>, both <i>Littorio</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> exceeded the design specifications for their power plant. <i>Littorio</i> reached 137,649 shp (102,645 kW) and 31.3 kn (58.0 km/h; 36.0 mph), while <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> made 133,771 shp (99,753 kW) and 31.4 kn (58.2 km/h; 36.1 mph), both at light loadings. In service, however, the ships averaged 28 kn (52 km/h; 32 mph). Figures for <i>Roma</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s speed trials have not been recorded. The ships carried 4,140 t (4,070 long tons; 4,560 short tons) of fuel oil, which enabled a maximum range of 4,580 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (8,480 km; 5,270 mi) at a cruising speed of 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph). At 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph), the ships' range increased slightly to 4,700 nmi (8,700 km; 5,400 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289290_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289290-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire machinery system accounted for about 5.6 percent of the total displacement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169–171_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169–171-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Armament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_battleship_Roma_(1940)_forward_turrets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_forward_turrets.jpg/300px-Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_forward_turrets.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_forward_turrets.jpg/450px-Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_forward_turrets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_forward_turrets.jpg/600px-Italian_battleship_Roma_%281940%29_forward_turrets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="1558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Roma_(1940)" title="Italian battleship Roma (1940)"><i>Roma</i></a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s forward triple 15-inch (381 mm) 50-caliber gun turrets.</figcaption></figure> <p>The ships' main battery consisted of nine <a href="/wiki/381mm_/_50_Model_1934_naval_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="381mm / 50 Model 1934 naval gun">381 mm L/50 Ansaldo 1934</a> guns in three triple turrets, two in a <a href="/wiki/Superfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfire">superfiring pair</a> forward and one aft.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These long-barrel, high-velocity guns were chosen to compensate for the smaller 381 mm shell as compared to the 406 mm gun originally desired.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 381 mm guns had a maximum elevation of 35 degrees, which allowed them to engage targets out to 42,260 m (46,220 yd). The guns fired a 885 kg (1,951 lb) <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_shot_and_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing shot and shell">armor-piercing</a> (AP) shell at a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> of 870 meters per second (2,854 ft/s).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell320_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell320-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this was reduced to 850 m/s (2,789 ft/s) in order to reduce dispersion and increase barrel service life. The 824.3 kg (1,817 lb) semi-armor piercing shells formed the secondary ammunition of the 381mm/50, which had a 29.51 kg (65.1 lb) bursting charge. Although <a href="/wiki/High_explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive">high explosive</a> shells weighing 774 kg (1,706 lb) were developed for the 381 mm guns, they never saw service on the <i>Littorio</i>-class.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro74,_94_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro74,_94-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shell rooms were located below the <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> magazines beneath the gun house in the turret structure. The guns' <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a> was one shot every 45 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell321_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell321-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ammunition load was 495 AP shells and 171 SAP shells, with 4,320 propellant charges (666 rounds total, or 74 rounds per gun split 55 AP & 19 SAP).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro94_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro94-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ships' <a href="/wiki/Secondary_armament" title="Secondary armament">secondary battery</a> consisted of twelve 152 mm (6 in) L/55 Ansaldo Model 1934 guns in four triple turrets. Two were placed abreast the No. 2 main battery turret and two on either side of the rear turret.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These guns fired a 50 kg (110 lb) AP shell at a muzzle velocity of 910 m/s (2,986 ft/s). They could elevate to 45 degrees, permitting a maximum range of 25,740 m (28,150 yd).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell329_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell329-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a rate of fire of slightly better than four rounds a minute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell330_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell330-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four 120 mm (4.7 in) L/40 guns were mounted on each ship in order to fire illumination rounds. Able to elevate to 32 degrees, they fired a 29.3 kg (65 lb) semi-fixed round out to an effective range of 5,000 m (16,400 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro80–81_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro80–81-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ships' anti-aircraft armament was composed of a powerful battery of twelve <a href="/wiki/Cannone_da_90/53#Naval_version" title="Cannone da 90/53">90 mm (3.5 in) L/50 guns</a> closely arranged amidships, twenty <a href="/wiki/Cannone-Mitragliera_da_37/54_(Breda)" title="Cannone-Mitragliera da 37/54 (Breda)">37 mm (1.5 in)</a> L/54 guns, and sixteen <a href="/wiki/Breda_Model_35" class="mw-redirect" title="Breda Model 35">20 mm (0.79 in)</a> L/65 guns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 90 mm guns provided long-range anti-aircraft protection, and were mounted in quadriaxially stabilized single turrets. They had a rate of fire of 12 rounds per minute and had a ceiling of approximately 10,800 m (35,400 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell342_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell342-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 37 mm and 20 mm guns were designed for close-range defense and had effective ranges of 4,000 m (13,100 ft) and 2,500 m (8,200 ft), respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell345–346_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell345–346-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armor">Armor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Armor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma55.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Roma55.jpg/220px-Roma55.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Roma55.jpg/330px-Roma55.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Roma55.jpg/440px-Roma55.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption>Note the extent of the armored belt at the waterline, amidships</figcaption></figure> <p>The main <a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">belt armor</a> of this class was designed and tested to resist 381 mm armor-piercing shells at ranges down to 16,000 m (17,000 yd), which was considered the inner edge of optimal combat range. The belt consists of a 70 mm (2.8 in) homogeneous armor outer plate and the 280 mm (11 in) <a href="/wiki/Krupp_armour" title="Krupp armour">cemented armor</a> belt placed 250 mm (9.8 in) behind the outer plate; the 250 mm gap was filed with a cement foam called "Cellulite" to keep the water out of the gap and assist in de-capping armor piercing shells.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main armor belt was mounted on 150 mm (5.9 in) of oak timber and 15 mm (0.59 in) steel backing plate, and the entire belt structure was inclined at 11-15º, depending on the section of the hull. A 36 mm (1.4 in) homogeneous armor plate was placed 1.4 m (4.6 ft) behind the belt, followed 4 m (13 ft) behind by another 24 mm (0.94 in) plate sloped 26º in the opposite direction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro35_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro35-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main citadel was closed off by 100–210 mm (3.9–8.3 in) forward and 70–280 mm (2.8–11.0 in) aft traverse bulkheads.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hull space above the citadel was an armored casemate with 70 mm (2.8 in) plating. The bow was protected by a 130 mm (5.1 in) belt that extends 35 m (115 ft) ahead of the main belt before terminating in a 60 mm (2.4 in) transverse bulkhead. The propeller shafts, aft diesel generator groups, and steering gear were protected by 100 mm (3.9 in) homogeneous armor plating and a separate 200 mm (7.9 in) bulkhead aft of the citadel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The weather deck over the citadel consists of 36 mm (1.4 in) homogeneous armor over 9 mm (0.35 in) plating; the main armor deck varied depending on the space it was protecting. Over the magazines, the main armor deck was 150 mm (5.9 in) homogeneous armor laminated on a 12 mm (0.47 in) deck plating inboard and 100 mm (3.9 in) on 12 mm plating outboard. Over the machinery spaces, the main armor deck was 100 mm (3.9 in) on 12 mm plating inboard and 90 mm (3.5 in) on 12 mm plating outboard. The main armor deck extends to the bow and stern, where it thinned to 60 mm (2.4 in) over 10 mm (0.39 in) plating and 36 mm (1.4 in) over 8 mm (0.31 in) plating respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main battery turrets were protected by 380 mm (15 in) cemented armor faces, 200 mm (7.9 in) forward sides and roof, 130 mm (5.1 in) rear sides, 150 mm (5.9 in) rear roof, and 350 mm (14 in) rear. The <a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">barbettes</a> were 350 mm (14 in) above the upper deck and 280 mm (11 in) below deck.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 152-mm secondary battery turrets were protected by 280 mm (11 in) faces, 80–130 mm (3.1–5.1 in) sides, 80 mm (3.1 in) rear, and 105–150 mm (4.1–5.9 in) roof, while their barbettes were 150 mm (5.9 in) above deck and 100 mm (3.9 in) below deck.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Below the third deck, neither the primary nor secondary barbettes were protected by armor. The 90-mm heavy anti-aircraft mounts were protected by 12–40 mm (0.47–1.57 in) shield and barbette plating.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985420–421_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985420–421-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning tower</a> was in the same style as the others designed by General Pugliese. The uppermost level was protected by 255 mm (10 in) on the front and sides and 175 mm (6.9 in) rear, all mounted on 25 mm (0.98 in) plating. The lower two levels had 250 mm (9.8 in) and 200 mm (7.9 in) respectively, all mounted on 10 mm (0.39 in) plating. The roof 90–120 mm (3.5–4.7 in) on 10-mm plating. An internal 200 mm (7.9 in) armored tube protected important electrical cables and pipes for hydraulic systems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pugliese_torpedo_defense_system">Pugliese torpedo defense system</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pugliese torpedo defense system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Littorio_class_Battleships_midle_section.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Littorio_class_Battleships_midle_section.svg/220px-Littorio_class_Battleships_midle_section.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Littorio_class_Battleships_midle_section.svg/330px-Littorio_class_Battleships_midle_section.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Littorio_class_Battleships_midle_section.svg/440px-Littorio_class_Battleships_midle_section.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Cross-section of the <i>Littorio</i> class showing the details of the Pugliese system</figcaption></figure> <p>All four ships incorporated a unique underwater protection system named after its designer, <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Pugliese" title="Umberto Pugliese">Umberto Pugliese</a>. A 40 mm thick <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bulkhead" title="Torpedo bulkhead">torpedo bulkhead</a> extended inboard from the base of the main belt before curving down to meet the bottom of the hull. This formed a void which housed an empty drum 3,800 mm (150 in) wide with 6 mm (0.24 in) thick walls; the rest of the void was filled with liquid. The drum ran the length of the torpedo defense system, and was designed to collapse to contain the explosive pressure of a torpedo hit. The torpedo bulkhead would prevent any splinters or explosive effects from entering the ships' vitals. The system was designed to protect the ship from torpedo warheads up to 350 kg (770 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system did not perform as effectively as expected, however.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was due to two major defects in the design. The riveted joint that connected the interior torpedo bulkhead to the bottom of the hull was not strong enough to sustain the tremendous shear loadings associated with direct contact explosions. The joints failed even in cases of non-contact explosions, which prevented the hollow drum from collapsing as designed and resulted in massive flooding. The fineness of the hull shape prevented the 3800 mm thickness from being maintained for the entire central citadel; the width of the drum was reduced significantly abreast of the main battery, down to 2,280 mm (90 in). The ability of the drum to absorb explosive shock correspondingly fell in relation to its size.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985422–423_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985422–423-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S54286,_Italien,_Schlachtschiff_%22Littorio%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S54286%2C_Italien%2C_Schlachtschiff_%22Littorio%22.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S54286%2C_Italien%2C_Schlachtschiff_%22Littorio%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S54286%2C_Italien%2C_Schlachtschiff_%22Littorio%22.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S54286%2C_Italien%2C_Schlachtschiff_%22Littorio%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S54286%2C_Italien%2C_Schlachtschiff_%22Littorio%22.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S54286%2C_Italien%2C_Schlachtschiff_%22Littorio%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption><i>Littorio</i> before completion; note the secondary battery and other equipment have not been installed</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">keels</a> for <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> and <i>Littorio</i> were laid on the same day, 28 October 1934, at the <i><a href="/wiki/Cantieri_Riuniti_dell%27Adriatico" title="Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico">Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico</a></i> shipyard in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gio._Ansaldo_%26_C." title="Gio. Ansaldo & C.">Ansaldo</a> shipyard in <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, respectively. <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> was launched on 22 July 1937, with <i>Littorio</i> following exactly one month later on 22 August. While incomplete, <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> went to sea on 23 October 1939 to conduct machinery trials. She was delivered to the Italian Navy in Trieste, still incomplete, some six months later on 28 April 1940. She departed Trieste on 1 May for final fitting out at the dockyard in <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a>. After completion on 15 May 1940, she went to <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a> to join the fleet. <i>Littorio</i> underwent the same pattern of machinery trials prior to completion; she was delivered to the fleet on 6 May 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169,_172_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169,_172-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two additional ships were laid down four years later. <i>Roma</i> was built by the CRDA shipyard, starting on 18 September 1938. She was launched on 9 June 1940 and was completed on 14 June 1942, after which she joined the fleet in La Spezia and replaced <i>Littorio</i> as the fleet flagship. <i>Impero</i> was laid down at the Ansaldo shipyard on 14 May 1938. She was launched on 15 November 1939, but she was never completed. After the entrance of Italy to World War II, the Italian Navy moved the unfinished ship from Genoa to <a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brindisi</a>, out of fears of French attacks on the vessel. Work was not resumed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169,_178_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169,_178-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ships">Ships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Construction data </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Ship </th> <th scope="col">Namesake </th> <th scope="col">Builder </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Laid_down" class="mw-redirect" title="Laid down">Laid down</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching" title="Ceremonial ship launching">Launched</a> </th> <th scope="col">Completed </th> <th scope="col">Fate </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Littorio" title="Italian battleship Littorio"><i>Littorio</i></a> </th> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Lictor" title="Lictor">Lictor</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascist">Italian Fascist</a> emblem<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley171_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley171-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gio._Ansaldo_%26_C." title="Gio. Ansaldo & C.">Ansaldo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sestri_Ponente" title="Sestri Ponente">Sestri Ponente</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28 October 1934<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>22 August 1937<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 May 1940<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Scrapped at <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a>, 1952–1954<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Italian battleship Vittorio Veneto"><i>Vittorio Veneto</i></a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley171_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley171-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cantieri_Riuniti_dell%27Adriatico" title="Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico">Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28 October 1934<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>25 July 1937<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15 May 1940<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley172_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley172-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Scrapped at <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a>, 1951–1954<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Roma_(1940)" title="Italian battleship Roma (1940)"><i>Roma</i></a> </th> <td>City of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> </td> <td>18 September 1938<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9 June 1940<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>14 June 1942<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Sunk, by <a href="/wiki/Glide_bomb" title="Glide bomb">glide bomb</a>, 9 September 1943<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Impero" title="Italian battleship Impero"><i>Impero</i></a> </th> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a> in East Africa </td> <td>Ansaldo, Genoa-Sestri Ponente<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>14 May 1938<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15 November 1939<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>Scrapped in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, 1948–1950<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley178_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley178-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vittorio_Veneto_and_Littorio_during_WW2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Vittorio_Veneto_and_Littorio_during_WW2.jpg/220px-Vittorio_Veneto_and_Littorio_during_WW2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Vittorio_Veneto_and_Littorio_during_WW2.jpg/330px-Vittorio_Veneto_and_Littorio_during_WW2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Vittorio_Veneto_and_Littorio_during_WW2.jpg/440px-Vittorio_Veneto_and_Littorio_during_WW2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption><i>Vittorio Veneto</i> and <i>Littorio</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Littorio</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> were declared operational on 2 August 1940, and were assigned to the 9th Division of the 1st Squadron. On 31 August, the two ships, along with three of the older battleships steamed with a force of ten <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruisers</a> and thirty-one <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> to engage the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hats" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Hats">Operation Hats</a> convoy, but poor reconnaissance prevented the Italian force from engaging the British ships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley172_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley172-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ships made another unsuccessful sortie to attack another <a href="/wiki/Malta_convoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Malta convoy">Malta convoy</a> on 29 September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer42–43_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer42–43-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Taranto" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack on Taranto">attack on Taranto</a> on 12 November 1940, <i>Littorio</i> was hit twice by <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a>, suffering serious damage. Significant flooding caused the ship to settle by the bow. The ship was dry-docked on 11 December, with repairs completed by 11 March 1941. <i>Vittorio Veneto</i>, however, emerged from the attack undamaged. While her sister was being repaired, she took over flagship duties and was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley172,_175_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley172,_175-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Vittorio Veneto</i> sortied on 26 November and encountered British forces south of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>. During the resulting <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Spartivento" title="Battle of Cape Spartivento">Battle of Cape Spartivento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish" title="Fairey Swordfish">Swordfish</a> torpedo bombers from the carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ark_Royal_(91)" title="HMS Ark Royal (91)">HMS <i>Ark Royal</i></a> attacked <i>Vittorio Veneto</i>, though she evaded the torpedoes. She briefly engaged British cruisers with her rear main battery turret, without scoring any hits. During the engagement, one of her Ro.43 reconnaissance planes was shot down by a <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Skua" title="Blackburn Skua">Skua</a> fighter. On the night of 8–9 January 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> attacked Naples with heavy bombers, but failed to hit the ship. In February, <i>Vittorio Veneto</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Andrea_Doria" title="Italian battleship Andrea Doria"><i>Andrea Doria</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Giulio_Cesare" title="Italian battleship Giulio Cesare"><i>Giulio Cesare</i></a> attempted to attack what was believed to be a Malta convoy. The British squadron was in fact <a href="/wiki/Force_H" title="Force H">Force H</a>, steaming to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Grog" title="Operation Grog">bombard Genoa</a>. The two fleets did not make contact, however, and the Italians returned to port.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley172–174_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley172–174-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veneto_sailing_out_of_the_battle_area.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Veneto_sailing_out_of_the_battle_area.jpg/220px-Veneto_sailing_out_of_the_battle_area.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Veneto_sailing_out_of_the_battle_area.jpg/330px-Veneto_sailing_out_of_the_battle_area.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Veneto_sailing_out_of_the_battle_area.jpg/440px-Veneto_sailing_out_of_the_battle_area.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><i>Vittorio Veneto</i>, low in the water after being torpedoed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Matapan" title="Battle of Cape Matapan">Battle of Cape Matapan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 26 March 1941, <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> departed port to attack British convoys to Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer65_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer65-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany pressured the Italian Navy to begin the operation, under the impression that they had disabled two of the three battleships assigned to the British <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer64–65_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer64–65-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Matapan" title="Battle of Cape Matapan">Battle of Cape Matapan</a> the following day, during which <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> engaged British cruisers. She was then attacked by torpedo bombers from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Formidable_(67)" title="HMS Formidable (67)">HMS <i>Formidable</i></a>; the first wave failed, but the second scored a single hit each on both <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">heavy cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Pola" title="Italian cruiser Pola"><i>Pola</i></a>. <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> shot down one aircraft, but the battleship was flooded with some 4,000 t (3,900 long tons; 4,400 short tons) of water, though she got underway after ten minutes and eventually reached Taranto on 29 March. Repairs lasted until July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley174_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley174-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Littorio</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> had both returned to active duty by August 1941, and on the 22nd the two ships sortied to attack a convoy. They returned to port without encountering any British forces, however. On 26 September, the two battleships attempted to intercept the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Halberd" title="Operation Halberd">Operation Halberd</a> convoy, but they broke off the operation without attacking the convoy. While escorting a convoy to North Africa, <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> was torpedoed by the British <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Urge" title="HMS Urge">HMS <i>Urge</i></a>; repairs lasted until Spring, 1942. Shortly thereafter, on 13 December, <i>Littorio</i> escorted another convoy to North Africa. This operation resulted in the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Sirte" title="First Battle of Sirte">First Battle of Sirte</a>, which ended inconclusively. She provided distant cover to another convoy on 3–6 January 1942. On 21 March, <i>Littorio</i> sortied to attack a British convoy, which led to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Sirte" title="Second Battle of Sirte">Second Battle of Sirte</a>. During the engagement, she badly damaged the destroyers <a href="/wiki/HMS_Havock_(H43)" title="HMS Havock (H43)"><i>Havock</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Kingston_(F64)" title="HMS Kingston (F64)"><i>Kingston</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley174–175_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley174–175-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battleship_Roma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Battleship_Roma.jpg/220px-Battleship_Roma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Battleship_Roma.jpg/330px-Battleship_Roma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Battleship_Roma.jpg/440px-Battleship_Roma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1827" /></a><figcaption><i>Roma</i> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1942–1943</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Repairs to <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> were completed in time for her to join <i>Littorio</i> on attacks on the convoys <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vigorous" title="Operation Vigorous">Vigorous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Harpoon_(1942)" title="Operation Harpoon (1942)">Harpoon</a>, which had departed Alexandria and <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> to reinforce Malta simultaneously in mid-June. Combat was limited to the opposing light forces, and <i>Littorio</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> did not see action; the British nevertheless broke off Operation Vigorous due to the battleships' presence and heavy air attacks. While returning to port, <i>Littorio</i> was hit by a bomb from an American <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberator</a> heavy bomber; the bomb struck the forward gun turret, though it did minimal damage. Before returning to port, a British <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Wellington</a> bomber torpedoed the ship. The torpedo struck her starboard bow, though she returned to port. Repairs were completed and on 12 December, both ships were moved from Taranto to La Spezia in response to the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Allied landings in North Africa</a>. <i>Roma</i> joined the fleet shortly after the attacks on the two convoys, and joined her sisters for the move to La Spezia. There, she replaced <i>Littorio</i> as the fleet flagship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Avro_Lancaster_silhouetted_over_the_Italian_port_of_La_Spezia_on_the_night_of_13-14_April_1943._C3697.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/An_Avro_Lancaster_silhouetted_over_the_Italian_port_of_La_Spezia_on_the_night_of_13-14_April_1943._C3697.jpg/220px-An_Avro_Lancaster_silhouetted_over_the_Italian_port_of_La_Spezia_on_the_night_of_13-14_April_1943._C3697.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/An_Avro_Lancaster_silhouetted_over_the_Italian_port_of_La_Spezia_on_the_night_of_13-14_April_1943._C3697.jpg/330px-An_Avro_Lancaster_silhouetted_over_the_Italian_port_of_La_Spezia_on_the_night_of_13-14_April_1943._C3697.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/An_Avro_Lancaster_silhouetted_over_the_Italian_port_of_La_Spezia_on_the_night_of_13-14_April_1943._C3697.jpg/440px-An_Avro_Lancaster_silhouetted_over_the_Italian_port_of_La_Spezia_on_the_night_of_13-14_April_1943._C3697.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1551" /></a><figcaption>The port of La Spezia lit up by a <a href="/wiki/Photoflash_bomb" title="Photoflash bomb">Photoflash bomb</a> during an air-raid on the night of the 13–14 April 1943; 'A' indicates one of the Littorio-class ships at anchor</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 1943, a series of Allied air raids attacked La Spezia in an attempt to neutralize the three battleships. On 5 June, <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> was hit by two large bombs that struck her port side. She was transferred to Genoa for repairs, which were not completed before the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Italy_and_Allied_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces">Armistice</a> that ended Italian participation in the war. <i>Littorio</i> was hit by three bombs on 19 June, a week after her sister was damaged. She was renamed <i>Italia</i> after <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/25_Luglio" class="mw-redirect" title="25 Luglio">regime collapsed</a>. <i>Roma</i> was damaged during the 5 June attack and again in a third attack on 23 June. In September 1943, following the withdrawal of Italy from the war, all three ships and a significant portion of the Italian fleet left port to be interned in Malta. While en route, German bombers laden with <a href="/wiki/Fritz_X" title="Fritz X">Fritz X</a> radio-guided bombs attacked the formation. One hit <i>Italia</i> in the bow forward the main battery turrets, causing serious damage. Two hit <i>Roma</i>; one passed through the ship and exploded under her keel, and the second hit near the forward magazines. The bomb detonated the magazines, causing a massive explosion that destroyed the ship with heavy casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Italia</i> and <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> reached Malta, where they remained until 14 September, when they were transferred to Alexandria. They remained at the <a href="/wiki/Great_Bitter_Lake" title="Great Bitter Lake">Great Bitter Lake</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> for the rest of the war. On 6 June 1946, <i>Vittorio Veneto</i> steamed to <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Sicily" title="Augusta, Sicily">Augusta</a> in Sicily, where, under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">Treaty of Peace with Italy</a>, she was allocated to Britain. On 14 October 1946, she was moved to La Spezia, paid off on 3 January 1948, and broken up for scrap. <i>Italia</i> left Great Bitter Lake on 5 February 1947, to join her sister in Augusta. Allocated to the United States, she was stricken on 1 June 1948 and scrapped in La Spezia. The incomplete <i>Impero</i> had meanwhile been seized by the retreating Germans in 1943, who used her as a target, until she was sunk by American bombers on 20 February 1945. In October 1947, the ship was raised and towed to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, where she was broken up.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Littorio_design_in_foreign_navies">The <i>Littorio</i> design in foreign navies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Littorio design in foreign navies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, Spain's General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> briefly considered a naval building program after seizing power in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. Franco concluded several agreements with the Italian government that would have seen the building of four <i>Littorio</i>-class battleships in Spain. The Italians promised to provide all necessary technical and material support for the construction of the ships. The Italian Navy pushed to modernize and enlarge the existing shipyards in Spain, so that they could handle a vessel as large as the <i>Littorio</i> class. The project was abandoned after Italy became involved in World War II, and as a result of limited Spanish industrial capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985439–442_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985439–442-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1930s, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> began a naval construction program, and sought advice from foreign shipbuilders for a new class of battleships. On 14 July 1939, Ansaldo completed a design proposal for the Soviet Navy, for a ship largely based on the <i>Littorio</i> class, designated U.P. 41. The design was for a 42,000 t (41,000 long tons; 46,000 short tons) ship armed with nine 406 mm guns in triple turrets. The Italians did not disclose the specifications of the Pugliese system and instead used a multiple-torpedo-bulkhead system. Regardless, the Soviet Navy did not use the U.P. 41 design as the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Sovetsky_Soyuz-class_battleship" title="Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleship"><i>Sovetsky Soyuz</i>-class</a> battleships they laid down in the late 1930s. They were, however, equipped with the Pugliese system, the details of which were revealed through Soviet espionage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1980308,_328_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1980308,_328-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In preparing the design for the <a href="/wiki/Design_1047_battlecruiser" title="Design 1047 battlecruiser">Design 1047</a> type of battlecruisers in early 1940, the Dutch Navy inspected <i>Vittorio Veneto</i>, then under construction, in hopes of gathering some experience on the underwater protection system. The Italians refused to disclose the details of the Pugliese system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoot268_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoot268-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endnotes">Endnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Endnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Vittorio Veneto</i> and <i>Littorio</i> were <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">laid down</a> on the same date, so ambiguity exists in the naming of the class.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This corresponded to 1.33 rounds per minute. In comparison, the French <a href="/wiki/380_mm/45_Mod%C3%A8le_1935_gun" title="380 mm/45 Modèle 1935 gun">380 mm gun</a> mounted on the <a href="/wiki/Richelieu-class_battleship" title="Richelieu-class battleship"><i>Richelieu</i> class</a> could fire every 25–40 seconds, a rate of fire of between 2.4 and 1.5 rounds per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell283_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell283-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German <a href="/wiki/38_cm_SK_C/34_naval_gun" title="38 cm SK C/34 naval gun">380 mm gun</a> mounted on the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck-class_battleship" title="Bismarck-class battleship"><i>Bismarck</i> class</a>, could fire every 26 seconds, a rate of fire of 2.3 rounds per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell230_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell230-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British <a href="/wiki/BL_15_inch_Mk_I_naval_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun">15-inch gun</a>, of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>-vintage, could fire every 30 seconds, or 2 rounds per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell27_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell27-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 250 mm "Cellulite" accomplished the same task as a 600mm void.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro35_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro35-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Two German <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_111" title="Heinkel He 111">He 111</a> torpedo bombers attacked the Mediterranean Fleet off <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, reporting two hits on two large units, estimated to be battleships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer64_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer64-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169–170-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169–170_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, pp. 169–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985372–373-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985372–373_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985">Garzke & Dulin 1985</a>, pp. 372–373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley170-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley170_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro11-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro11_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro11_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985373-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985373_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985">Garzke & Dulin 1985</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985374-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985374_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985">Garzke & Dulin 1985</a>, p. 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985377–379-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985377–379_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985">Garzke & Dulin 1985</a>, pp. 377–379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStille22-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStille22_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStille">Stille</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStille23-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStille23_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStille">Stille</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro22–23-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro22–23_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, pp. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289–290-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289–290_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardiner_&_Chesneau">Gardiner & Chesneau</a>, pp. 289–290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley171-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley171_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley171_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley171_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley171_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraccaroli19-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraccaroli19_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraccaroli">Fraccaroli</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289290-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289290_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardiner_&_Chesneau">Gardiner & Chesneau</a>, pp. 289290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169–171-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169–171_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, pp. 169–171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau289_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardiner_&_Chesneau">Gardiner & Chesneau</a>, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell320-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell320_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro74,_94-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro74,_94_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, pp. 74, 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell321-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell321_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell283-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell283_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell230-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell230_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell27-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell27_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro94-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro94_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell329-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell329_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell330-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell330_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro80–81-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro80–81_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, pp. 80–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell342-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell342_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell345–346-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell345–346_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, pp. 345–346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro35-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro35_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro35_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner_&_Chesneau290_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardiner_&_Chesneau">Gardiner & Chesneau</a>, p. 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro34_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro61_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985420–421-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985420–421_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985">Garzke & Dulin 1985</a>, pp. 420–421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985422–423-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985422–423_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985">Garzke & Dulin 1985</a>, pp. 422–423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169,_172-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169,_172_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, pp. 169, 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley169,_178-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley169,_178_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, pp. 169, 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagnasco_&_de_Toro46_41-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro">Bagnasco & de Toro</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley172-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley172_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley172_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985404,_428_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985">Garzke & Dulin 1985</a>, pp. 404, 428.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley178-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley178_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer42–43-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer42–43_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohwer">Rohwer</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley172,_175-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley172,_175_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, pp. 172, 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley172–174-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley172–174_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, pp. 172–174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer65-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer65_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohwer">Rohwer</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer64–65-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer64–65_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohwer">Rohwer</a>, pp. 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer64-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer64_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohwer">Rohwer</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley174-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley174_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley174–175-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley174–175_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, pp. 174–175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitley175–178_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitley">Whitley</a>, pp. 175–178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985439–442-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1985439–442_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985">Garzke & Dulin 1985</a>, pp. 439–442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1980308,_328-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarzke_&_Dulin_1980308,_328_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1980">Garzke & Dulin 1980</a>, pp. 308, 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoot268-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoot268_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoot">Noot</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBagnasco_&_de_Toro" class="citation book cs1">Bagnasco, Erminio & de Toro, Augusto (2011). <i>The Littorio Class: Italy's Last and Largest Battleships 1937–1948</i>. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-445-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-445-8"><bdi>978-1-59114-445-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Littorio+Class%3A+Italy%27s+Last+and+Largest+Battleships+1937%E2%80%931948&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-445-8&rft.aulast=Bagnasco&rft.aufirst=Erminio&rft.au=de+Toro%2C+Augusto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, John (1985). <i>Naval Weapons of World War II</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-459-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-459-4"><bdi>0-87021-459-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Weapons+of+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-87021-459-4&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraccaroli" class="citation book cs1">Fraccaroli, Aldo (1968). <i>Italian Warships of World War II</i>. London: Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/461351">461351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Warships+of+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F461351&rft.aulast=Fraccaroli&rft.aufirst=Aldo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner_&_Chesneau" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-913-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-913-8"><bdi>0-87021-913-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1922%E2%80%931946&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-87021-913-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1985" class="citation book cs1">Garzke, William H. & Dulin, Robert O. Jr. (1985). <i>Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-101-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-101-0"><bdi>978-0-87021-101-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battleships%3A+Axis+and+Neutral+Battleships+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-101-0&rft.aulast=Garzke&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft.au=Dulin%2C+Robert+O.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarzke_&_Dulin_1980" class="citation book cs1">Garzke, William H. Jr. & Dulin, Robert O. Jr. (1980). <i>British, Soviet, French, and Dutch Battleships of World War II</i>. London: Jane's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-0078-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7106-0078-X"><bdi>0-7106-0078-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British%2C+Soviet%2C+French%2C+and+Dutch+Battleships+of+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jane%27s&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-7106-0078-X&rft.aulast=Garzke&rft.aufirst=William+H.+Jr.&rft.au=Dulin%2C+Robert+O.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoot" class="citation journal cs1">Noot, Lt. Jurrien S. (1980). "Battlecruiser: Design Studies for the Royal Netherlands Navy 1939–40". <i>Warship International</i>. <b>3</b>. <a href="/wiki/International_Naval_Research_Organization" title="International Naval Research Organization">International Naval Research Organization</a>: <span class="nowrap">242–</span>273. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-0374">0043-0374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warship+International&rft.atitle=Battlecruiser%3A+Design+Studies+for+the+Royal+Netherlands+Navy+1939%E2%80%9340&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E242-%3C%2Fspan%3E273&rft.date=1980&rft.issn=0043-0374&rft.aulast=Noot&rft.aufirst=Lt.+Jurrien+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohwer" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Rohwer" title="Jürgen Rohwer">Rohwer, Jürgen</a> (2005). <i>Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59114-119-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-59114-119-2"><bdi>1-59114-119-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+War+at+Sea%2C+1939%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Naval+History+of+World+War+Two&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59114-119-2&rft.aulast=Rohwer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStille" class="citation book cs1">Stille, Mark (2011). <i>Italian Battleships of World War II</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-831-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-831-2"><bdi>978-1-84908-831-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Battleships+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84908-831-2&rft.aulast=Stille&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitley" class="citation book cs1">Whitley, M. J. (1998). <i>Battleships of World War II</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-184-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-184-4"><bdi>978-1-55750-184-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battleships+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-55750-184-4&rft.aulast=Whitley&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreyer1973" class="citation book cs1">Breyer, Siegfried (1973). <i>Battleships and Battle Cruisers, 1905–1970</i>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-07247-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-07247-3"><bdi>0-385-07247-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battleships+and+Battle+Cruisers%2C+1905%E2%80%931970&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-385-07247-3&rft.aulast=Breyer&rft.aufirst=Siegfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallett1998" class="citation book cs1">Mallett, Robert (1998). <i>The Italian Navy and Fascist Expansionism, 1935–1940</i>. Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-4878-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-4878-7"><bdi>0-7146-4878-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Italian+Navy+and+Fascist+Expansionism%2C+1935%E2%80%931940&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7146-4878-7&rft.aulast=Mallett&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hara2009" class="citation book cs1">O'Hara, Vincent (2009). <i>Dark Navy: The Italian Regia Marina and the Armistice of 8 September 1943</i>. Nimble Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934840-91-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934840-91-7"><bdi>978-1-934840-91-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dark+Navy%3A+The+Italian+Regia+Marina+and+the+Armistice+of+8+September+1943&rft.pub=Nimble+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-934840-91-7&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturton1987" class="citation book cs1">Sturton, Ian, ed. (1987). <i>Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the Present</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-448-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-448-2"><bdi>0-85177-448-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/246548578">246548578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Battleships%3A+1906+to+the+Present&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F246548578&rft.isbn=0-85177-448-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittorio-class+battleship" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littorio-class_battleship&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/mezzi-storici/Pagine/LMNO/littorio.aspx">Classe Littorio</a> Marina Militare website</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Littorio-class_battleship" title="Template:Littorio-class battleship"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Littorio-class_battleship" title="Template talk:Littorio-class battleship"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Littorio-class_battleship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Littorio-class battleship"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Littorio-class_battleships694" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Littorio</i>-class battleships</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Littorio" title="Italian battleship Littorio"><i>Littorio</i> / <i>Italia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Italian battleship Vittorio Veneto"><i>Vittorio Veneto</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Roma_(1940)" title="Italian battleship Roma (1940)"><i>Roma</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Impero" title="Italian battleship Impero"><i>Impero</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Caracciolo-class_battleship" title="Francesco Caracciolo-class battleship"><i>Francesco Caracciolo</i> class</a> (planned) / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Doria-class_battleship" title="Andrea Doria-class battleship"><i>Andrea Doria</i> class</a> (actual)</li> <li>Followed by: <i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battleships_of_Italy" title="List of battleships of Italy">List of battleships of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_II7238" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_Italian_ships" title="Template:WWII Italian ships"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_Italian_ships" title="Template talk:WWII Italian ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_Italian_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII Italian ships"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_II7238" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina#Ships" title="Regia Marina">Italian naval ship classes of World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Aquila" title="Italian aircraft carrier Aquila"><i>Aquila</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>×</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Sparviero" title="Italian aircraft carrier Sparviero"><i>Sparviero</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>×</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seaplane_carrier_Giuseppe_Miraglia" title="Italian seaplane carrier Giuseppe Miraglia"><i>Giuseppe Miraglia</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">Battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conte_di_Cavour-class_battleship" title="Conte di Cavour-class battleship"><i>Conte di Cavour</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Doria-class_battleship" title="Andrea Doria-class battleship"><i>Andrea Doria</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Littorio</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">Heavy cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trento-class_cruiser" title="Trento-class cruiser"><i>Trento</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zara-class_cruiser" title="Zara-class cruiser"><i>Zara</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Bolzano" title="Italian cruiser Bolzano"><i>Bolzano</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Condottieri-class_cruiser" title="Condottieri-class cruiser">Condottieri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giussano-class_cruiser" title="Giussano-class cruiser"><i>Giussano</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadorna-class_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadorna-class cruiser"><i>Cadorna</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montecuccoli-class_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Montecuccoli-class cruiser"><i>Montecuccoli</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duca_d%27Aosta-class_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Duca d'Aosta-class cruiser"><i>Duca d'Aosta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duca_degli_Abruzzi-class_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Duca degli Abruzzi-class cruiser"><i>Duca degli Abruzzi</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitani_Romani-class_cruiser" title="Capitani Romani-class cruiser"><i>Capitani Romani</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etna-class_cruiser_(1941)" title="Etna-class cruiser (1941)"><i>Etna</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>×</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirabello-class_destroyer" title="Mirabello-class destroyer"><i>Mirabello</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leone-class_destroyer" title="Leone-class destroyer"><i>Leone</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sella-class_destroyer" title="Sella-class destroyer"><i>Sella</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauro-class_destroyer" title="Sauro-class destroyer"><i>Sauro</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbine-class_destroyer" title="Turbine-class destroyer"><i>Turbine</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navigatori-class_destroyer" title="Navigatori-class destroyer">Navigatori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freccia-class_destroyer" title="Freccia-class destroyer"><i>Freccia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folgore-class_destroyer" title="Folgore-class destroyer"><i>Folgore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestrale-class_destroyer" title="Maestrale-class destroyer"><i>Maestrale</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriani-class_destroyer" title="Oriani-class destroyer"><i>Oriani</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldati-class_destroyer" title="Soldati-class destroyer">Soldati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comandanti_Medaglie_d%27Oro-class_destroyer" title="Comandanti Medaglie d'Oro-class destroyer">Comandanti Medaglie d'Oro</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>×</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">Torpedo boats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Audace_(1916)" title="Italian destroyer Audace (1916)"><i>Audace</i></a>*<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosolino_Pilo-class_destroyer" title="Rosolino Pilo-class destroyer"><i>Rosolino Pilo</i></a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sirtori-class_destroyer" title="Giuseppe Sirtori-class destroyer"><i>Giuseppe Sirtori</i></a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Masa-class_destroyer" title="La Masa-class destroyer"><i>La Masa</i></a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestro-class_destroyer" title="Palestro-class destroyer"><i>Palestro</i></a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generali-class_destroyer" title="Generali-class destroyer"><i>Generali</i></a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtatone-class_destroyer" title="Curtatone-class destroyer"><i>Curtatone</i></a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spica-class_torpedo_boat" title="Spica-class torpedo boat"><i>Spica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsa-class_torpedo_boat" title="Orsa-class torpedo boat"><i>Orsa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclone-class_torpedo_boat" title="Ciclone-class torpedo boat"><i>Ciclone</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariete-class_torpedo_boat" title="Ariete-class torpedo boat"><i>Ariete</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvettes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabbiano-class_corvette" title="Gabbiano-class corvette"><i>Gabbiano</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Ocean-going</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balilla-class_submarine" title="Balilla-class submarine"><i>Balilla</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Ettore_Fieramosca" title="Italian submarine Ettore Fieramosca"><i>Ettore Fieramosca</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimede-class_submarine" title="Archimede-class submarine"><i>Archimede</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glauco-class_submarine" title="Glauco-class submarine"><i>Glauco</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Pietro_Micca_(1935)" title="Italian submarine Pietro Micca (1935)"><i>Pietro Micca</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvi-class_submarine" title="Calvi-class submarine"><i>Calvi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello-class_submarine" title="Marcello-class submarine"><i>Marcello</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foca-class_submarine" title="Foca-class submarine"><i>Foca</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brin-class_submarine" title="Brin-class submarine"><i>Brin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzzi-class_submarine" title="Liuzzi-class submarine"><i>Liuzzi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi-class_submarine" title="Marconi-class submarine"><i>Marconi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagni-class_submarine" title="Cagni-class submarine"><i>Cagni</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_R-class_submarine" title="Italian R-class submarine">R</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Sea-going</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mameli-class_submarine" title="Mameli-class submarine"><i>Mameli</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisani-class_submarine" title="Pisani-class submarine"><i>Pisani</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandiera-class_submarine" title="Bandiera-class submarine"><i>Bandiera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squalo-class_submarine" title="Squalo-class submarine"><i>Squalo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragadin-class_submarine" title="Bragadin-class submarine"><i>Bragadin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonauta-class_submarine" title="Argonauta-class submarine"><i>Argonauta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settembrini-class_submarine" title="Settembrini-class submarine"><i>Settembrini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirena-class_submarine" title="Sirena-class submarine"><i>Sirena</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perla-class_submarine" title="Perla-class submarine"><i>Perla</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adua-class_submarine" title="Adua-class submarine"><i>Adua</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo-class_submarine" title="Argo-class submarine"><i>Argo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acciaio-class_submarine" title="Acciaio-class submarine"><i>Acciaio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutto-class_submarine" title="Flutto-class submarine"><i>Flutto</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_submarine" title="Coastal submarine">Coastal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">midget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holland_602_type_submarine" title="Holland 602 type submarine">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CA-class_submarine" title="CA-class submarine">CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB-class_midget_submarine" title="CB-class midget submarine">CB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_CC-class_submarine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian CC-class submarine (page does not exist)">CC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CM-class_submarine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CM-class submarine (page does not exist)">CM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">Motor torpedo boats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAS_(motorboat)" title="MAS (motorboat)">MAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRDA_60_t_motor_torpedo_boat" title="CRDA 60 t motor torpedo boat">MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT_explosive_motorboat" title="MT explosive motorboat">MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTSM_motor_torpedo_boat" title="MTSM motor torpedo boat">MTSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAS_(motorboat)" title="VAS (motorboat)">VAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Italian_monitor_Fa%C3%A0_di_Bruno" title="Italian monitor Faà di Bruno">GM 194</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giorgio-class_cruiser" title="San Giorgio-class cruiser"><i>San Giorgio</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SMS_Pillau" title="SMS Pillau">Bari</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SMS_Strassburg" title="SMS Strassburg">Taranto</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramb_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramb I">Ramb I</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramb_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramb II">Ramb II</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramb_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramb III">Ramb III</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramb_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramb IV">Ramb IV</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_sloop_Eritrea" title="Italian sloop Eritrea"><i>Eritrea</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_aviso_Diana" title="Italian aviso Diana"><i>Diana</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_chaser_Albatros" title="Italian submarine chaser Albatros"><i>Albatros</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_auxiliary_cruiser_Barletta" title="Italian auxiliary cruiser Barletta"><i>Barletta</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_gunboat_Ermanno_Carlotto" title="Italian gunboat Ermanno Carlotto"><i>Ermanno Carlotto</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_gunboat_Sebastiano_Caboto" title="Italian gunboat Sebastiano Caboto"><i>Sebastiano Caboto</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>S</dt> <dd>Single ship of class</dd> <dt>*</dt> <dd>Reclassified obsolete destroyers</dd> <dt>×</dt> <dd>Cancelled</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Final_generation_of_battleships1088" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Late_battleships" title="Template:Late battleships"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Late_battleships" title="Template talk:Late battleships"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Late_battleships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Late battleships"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Final_generation_of_battleships1088" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Final generation of battleships</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Constructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck-class_battleship" title="Bismarck-class battleship"><i>Bismarck</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkerque-class_battleship" title="Dunkerque-class battleship"><i>Dunkerque</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa-class_battleship" title="Iowa-class battleship"><i>Iowa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_V-class_battleship_(1939)" title="King George V-class battleship (1939)"><i>King George V</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Littorio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina-class_battleship" title="North Carolina-class battleship"><i>North Carolina</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richelieu-class_battleship" title="Richelieu-class battleship"><i>Richelieu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scharnhorst-class_battleship" title="Scharnhorst-class battleship"><i>Scharnhorst</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota-class_battleship_(1939)" title="South Dakota-class battleship (1939)"><i>South Dakota</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Vanguard_(23)" title="HMS Vanguard (23)"><i>Vanguard</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato-class_battleship" title="Yamato-class battleship"><i>Yamato</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Designed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace-class_battleship" title="Alsace-class battleship"><i>Alsace</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_A-150_battleship" title="Design A-150 battleship">Design A-150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-class_battleship_proposals" title="H-class battleship proposals">H proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion-class_battleship" title="Lion-class battleship"><i>Lion</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana-class_battleship" title="Montana-class battleship"><i>Montana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovetsky_Soyuz-class_battleship" title="Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleship"><i>Sovetsky Soyuz</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Hoax</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K-1000_battleship" title="K-1000 battleship">K-1000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox508" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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