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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Esempi_di_specie_chimiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esempi_di_specie_chimiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Esempi di specie chimiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esempi_di_specie_chimiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elementi_chimici_e_specie_chimiche_ad_essi_associate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elementi_chimici_e_specie_chimiche_ad_essi_associate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Elementi chimici e specie chimiche ad essi associate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elementi_chimici_e_specie_chimiche_ad_essi_associate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Specie chimica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 24 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="نوع كيميائي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوع كيميائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_vrsta" title="Hemijska vrsta - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemijska vrsta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Espècie química - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espècie química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezies_(Chemie)" title="Spezies (Chemie) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spezies (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χημικό είδος - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημικό είδος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_species" title="Chemical species - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical species" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_specio" title="Kemia specio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia specio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Especie química - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Especie química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="گونه‌های شیمیایی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گونه‌های شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce_chimique" title="Espèce chimique - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espèce chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99" title="צורון כימי - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צורון כימי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="रासायनिक स्पीशीज़ - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रासायनिक स्पीशीज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesi_kimia" title="Spesi kimia - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spesi kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%A8%AE" title="化学種 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学種" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%A2%85" title="화학종 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학종" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemiske_specier" title="Kjemiske specier - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjemiske specier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9cie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Espécie química - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espécie química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_chimic%C4%83" title="Specie chimică - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Specie chimică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_vrsta" title="Hemijska vrsta - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hemijska vrsta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_species" title="Chemical species - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemical species" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_vrsta" title="Hemijska vrsta - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hemijska vrsta" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_(kemi)" title="Species (kemi) - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Species (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyasal_t%C3%BCr" title="Kimyasal tür - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyasal tür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Хімічна форма - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімічна форма" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q899336#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specie_chimica" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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href="/wiki/Entit%C3%A0_molecolare" title="Entità molecolare">entità molecolari</a> (ad esempio <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomi</a> o <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">molecole</a>) che la compongono. </p><p>Un insieme di un numero imprecisato di entità molecolari dello stesso tipo costituisce dunque una specie chimica.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una determinata specie chimica è definita se sono definite la <i>natura</i>, la <i>proporzione</i> e la <i>disposizione</i> degli <a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elementi chimici</a> che la compongono.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esempi_di_specie_chimiche">Esempi di specie chimiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Esempi di specie chimiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Esempi di specie chimiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_molecule_dimensions_(comma).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Water_molecule_dimensions_%28comma%29.svg/150px-Water_molecule_dimensions_%28comma%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Water_molecule_dimensions_%28comma%29.svg/225px-Water_molecule_dimensions_%28comma%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Water_molecule_dimensions_%28comma%29.svg/300px-Water_molecule_dimensions_%28comma%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Rappresentazione di una molecola di <a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ad esempio, l'<a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a> è una specie chimica in quanto: </p> <ul><li>la natura dei suoi elementi è definita, infatti essa è composta da atomi di idrogeno e ossigeno;</li> <li>la proporzione dei suoi elementi è definita, infatti ogni molecola di acqua è composta da due atomi di idrogeno e un atomo di ossigeno, che sono quindi in rapporto 2:1;</li> <li>la disposizione dei suoi elementi è definita, infatti gli atomi che la compongono sono legati tra loro in modo da formare un angolo di 104,45°, con l'atomo di ossigeno legato ai due atomi di idrogeno.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Sono quindi specie chimiche: </p> <ul><li>qualsiasi <a href="/wiki/Sostanza_chimica" class="mw-redirect" title="Sostanza chimica">sostanza chimica</a>, tra cui le sostanze semplici (le cui molecole sono formate da più atomi della stessa natura) e i <a href="/wiki/Composto_chimico" title="Composto chimico">composti chimici</a> (le cui molecole sono formate da più atomi di natura differente);</li> <li>i <a href="/wiki/Reagente" title="Reagente">reagenti</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Prodotto_(chimica)" title="Prodotto (chimica)">prodotti</a> e gli <a href="/wiki/Intermedio_di_reazione" title="Intermedio di reazione">intermedi</a> di una qualsiasi <a href="/wiki/Reazione_chimica" title="Reazione chimica">reazione chimica</a>;</li> <li>gli <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettroni</a> nell'ambito delle <a href="/wiki/Semireazione" title="Semireazione">semireazioni redox</a>, in quanto possono essere identificati come prodotti o reagenti.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>L'unica prerogativa per definire una specie chimica è che questa abbia una "natura chimica" ben definita (cioè deve avere una sua <a href="/wiki/Formula_chimica" title="Formula chimica">formula chimica</a>). Le <a href="/wiki/Miscela_(chimica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miscela (chimica)">miscele</a> non sono ad esempio specie chimiche, in quanto al loro interno contengono più specie chimiche di natura differente.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neanche le <a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">fasi</a> sono specie chimiche, in quanto nella stessa fase possono coesistere più specie chimiche di natura differente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elementi_chimici_e_specie_chimiche_ad_essi_associate">Elementi chimici e specie chimiche ad essi associate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Elementi chimici e specie chimiche ad essi associate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Elementi chimici e specie chimiche ad essi associate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A partire da ciascun elemento chimico possono essere definite diverse specie chimiche ad esso associato, che si differenziano da questo a seconda della composizione isotopica, della carica (o stato di ossidazione), ecc. </p><p>Secondo la <a href="/wiki/Unione_internazionale_di_chimica_pura_e_applicata" title="Unione internazionale di chimica pura e applicata">IUPAC</a> infatti<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <i>Chemical species</i>. Chemical elements: specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure.</dd> <dd><i>Specie chimica</i>. Elementi chimici: specifica forma di un elemento definita come la sua composizione isotopica, <a href="/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione">stato di ossidazione</a> o stato elettronico, e/o struttura molecolare o del complesso.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/CT01038.html">IUPAC Gold Book, "chemical species"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFIl_Nuovo_cimento">Il Nuovo cimento</a>, p. 210</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFCabras">Cabras</a>, p. 140</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBianchi">Bianchi</a>, p. 17</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFVillavecchia">Villavecchia</a>, p. 1688</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Traduzione italiana (non ufficiale)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) IUPAC, <i>Guidelines for terms related to chemical speciation and fractionation of elements. Definitions, structural aspects, and methodological approaches. (IUPAC Recommendations 2000)</i> Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 8, pp. 1453–1470, 2000.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>IUPAC, <i>Guidelines for terms related to chemical speciation and fractionation of elements. Definitions, structural aspects, and methodological approaches. (IUPAC Recommendations 2000)</i> Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 8, pp. 1453–1470, 2000 2000 IUPAC</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVillavecchia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> G. Vittorio Villavecchia, G. Eigenmann, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CxHFWmJrTa8C&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nuovo dizionario di merceologia e chimica applicata, Volume 4</span></a>, Hoepli, 1973, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-203-0531-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-203-0531-3">88-203-0531-3</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCabras" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Cabras, Aldo Martelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-I-uec-ppeQC&dq=acqua+solvatazione+chimica&lr=&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica degli alimenti</span></a>, Piccin editore, 2004, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-299-1696-X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-299-1696-X">88-299-1696-X</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIl_Nuovo_cimento" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=mwSrAAAAIAAJ&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il Nuovo cimento, Volumi 13-14</span></a>, Società italiana di fisica, 1861.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBianchi" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Giuseppe Bianchi, Torquato Mussini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=ICKcAQAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span style="font-style:italic;">Elettrochimica</span></a>, Elsevier, 1976, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-214-0500-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-214-0500-1">88-214-0500-1</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entit%C3%A0_molecolare" title="Entità molecolare">Entità molecolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciazione_(chimica)" title="Speciazione (chimica)">Speciazione (chimica)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125050229/http://stage.iupac.org/publications/pac/2000/7208/7208pdfs/7208templeton_1453.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">IUPAC, <i>Guidelines for terms related to chemical speciation and fractionation of elements. Definitions, structural aspects, and methodological approaches. (IUPAC Recommendations 2000)</i> Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 8, pp. 1453–1470, 2000 2000 IUPAC</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">stage.iupac.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 18 gennaio 2010</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://stage.iupac.org/publications/pac/2000/7208/7208pdfs/7208templeton_1453.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 25 novembre 2011)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-applications-science.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/25px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/38px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/50px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Chimica" title="Portale:Chimica">Portale Chimica</a></b>: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&oldid=137135165">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specie_chimica&oldid=137135165</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Specie_chimiche" title="Categoria:Specie chimiche">Specie chimiche</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Concetti_fondamentali_di_chimica" title="Categoria:Concetti fondamentali di chimica">Concetti fondamentali di chimica</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria nascosta: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_modulo_citazione_e_parametro_coautori" title="Categoria:Voci con modulo citazione e parametro coautori">Voci con modulo citazione e parametro coautori</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 1 gen 2024 alle 12:17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. 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