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<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Drama</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 101 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="دراما — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دراما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="دراما — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دراما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95" title="নাটক — assamês" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাটক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dram_(%C9%99d%C9%99bi_n%C3%B6v)" title="Dram (ədəbi növ) — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dram (ədəbi növ)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Драма (род літаратуры) — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Драма (род літаратуры)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Драма — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Драма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Драма — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Драма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95" title="নাটক — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাটক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Драма — checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Драма" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="دراما — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دراما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — baixo sorábio" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baixo sorábio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Δραματική ποίηση — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δραματική ποίηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramo_(verko)" title="Dramo (verko) — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dramo (verko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramaatika" title="Dramaatika — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dramaatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="درام — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draama" title="Draama — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Draama" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drame_(genre)" title="Drame (genre) — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drame (genre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toaniel" title="Toaniel — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Toaniel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A1ma%C3%ADocht" title="Drámaíocht — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Drámaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_yaratmas%C4%B1" title="Drama yaratması — gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Drama yaratması" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B2" title="戲 — gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="戲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dram_(t%C3%A9at)" title="Dram (téat) — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dram (téat)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A0ma" title="Dràma — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dràma" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khell" title="Khell — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Khell" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%94" title="דרמה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="नाटक — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाटक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A1ma" title="Dráma — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dráma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%BC" title="Դրամատիկական սեռ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դրամատիկական սեռ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Թատրերգութիւն — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թատրերգութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramato" title="Dramato — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dramato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramma" title="Dramma — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dramma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E" title="ドラマ — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドラマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="დრამა — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დრამა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88" title="드라마 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="드라마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_(fictio)" title="Drama (fictio) — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Drama (fictio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C4%81ma" title="Drāma — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Drāma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — madurês" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Драма — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Драма" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="നാടകം — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാടകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ပြဇာတ် — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြဇာတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="नाटक — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नाटक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="नाटक — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नाटक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_(kunst_en_cultuur)" title="Drama (kunst en cultuur) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Drama (kunst en cultuur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਡਰਾਮਾ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਰਾਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramat" title="Dramat — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dramat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ڈراما — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈراما" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dram%C4%83" title="Dramă — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dramă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Драма (род литературы) — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Драма (род литературы)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Драма — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Драма" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="ڊرامو — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊرامو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA" title="නාට්‍ය — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නාට්‍ය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A1ma" title="Dráma — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dráma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramatika" title="Dramatika — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dramatika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Драма — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Драма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramatik" title="Dramatik — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dramatik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maigizo" title="Maigizo — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maigizo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நாடகம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாடகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE" title="డ్రామా — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డ్రామా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%91%D1%82)" title="Драма (ҷинси адабиёт) — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Драма (ҷинси адабиёт)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="นาฏกรรม — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาฏกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80" title="Драматичний твір — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Драматичний твір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ڈراما — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈراما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Kịch — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama" title="Drama — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Drama" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7" title="戏剧 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="戏剧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="დრამა — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დრამა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90" title="דראמא — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דראמא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戲劇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AC-chhut" title="Hì-chhut — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hì-chhut" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="戲劇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25372#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Drama" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Drama"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Drama"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Drama" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Drama" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&oldid=66817503" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Drama&id=66817503&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDrama"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDrama"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Drama"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Drama&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drama" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25372" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados, veja <a href="/wiki/Drama_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" class="mw-disambig" title="Drama (desambiguação)">Drama (desambiguação)</a>.</div> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0" style="float:right;clear:right;width:20.8em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f9f9f9); color:inherit; border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;min-width:20.8em;width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">Literatura</a></th> </tr><tr><td class="{{{classe-imagem}}}" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png/200px-Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png/300px-Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png/400px-Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> </tr><tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em; {{{estilo-rótulo}}};"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAnero_liter%C3%A1rio" title="Gênero literário">Gêneros</a></th> </tr><tr> <td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em; padding:0.2em 0 0.7em;;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pico_(g%C3%A9nero)" title="Épico (género)">Épico</a>-<a href="/wiki/Narra%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Narração">narrativo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAnero_liter%C3%A1rio#Gênero_lírico" title="Gênero literário">Lírico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dramático</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em; {{{estilo-rótulo}}};">Subgêneros e formas</th> </tr><tr> <td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em; padding:0.2em 0 0.7em;;"> <ul><li><i>Épico-narrativo</i>: <a href="/wiki/Conto" title="Conto">Conto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novela" title="Novela">Novela</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romance" title="Romance">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epopeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Epopeia">Epopeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_%C3%A9pico" title="Teatro épico">Teatro épico</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Lírico</i>: <a href="/wiki/Poesia_l%C3%ADrica" title="Poesia lírica">Poesia lírica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegia" title="Elegia">Elegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ode" title="Ode">Ode</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Canção">Cantiga</a></li> <li><i>Dramático</i>: <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9dia" title="Comédia">Comédia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9dia" title="Tragédia">Tragédia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragicom%C3%A9dia" title="Tragicomédia">Tragicomédia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsa" title="Farsa">Farsa</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Outros</i>: <a href="/wiki/Literatura_er%C3%B3tica" title="Literatura erótica">Erótica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(g%C3%AAnero)" title="Fantasia (gênero)">Fantasia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fic%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Ficção científica">Ficção científica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsense" title="Nonsense">Nonsense</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suspense" title="Suspense">Suspense</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thriller_(g%C3%AAnero)" title="Thriller (gênero)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_(g%C3%AAnero)" title="Terror (gênero)">Terror</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romance_de_cavalaria" title="Romance de cavalaria">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1tira" title="Sátira">Sátira</a>/<a href="/wiki/Par%C3%B3dia" title="Paródia">Paródia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9cnico_(g%C3%AAnero_textual)" title="Técnico (gênero textual)">Técnico (gênero textual)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em;;{{{estilo-rótulo}}};">Mídia</th> </tr><tr> <td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em; padding:0.2em 0 0.7em;;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atua%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Atuação">Atuação</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%A7a_teatral" title="Peça teatral">Peça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roteiro" title="Roteiro">Roteiro</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livro" title="Livro">Livro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_oral" title="Literatura oral">Oral</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em;;{{{estilo-rótulo}}};">Técnicas</th> </tr><tr> <td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em; padding:0.2em 0 0.7em;;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosa" title="Prosa">Prosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">Poesia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em;;{{{estilo-rótulo}}};">Histórias e listas</th> </tr><tr> <td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em; padding:0.2em 0 0.7em;;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_literatura" title="História da literatura">História</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_pr%C3%A9mios_liter%C3%A1rios" title="Lista de prémios literários">Prêmios literários</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em;;{{{estilo-rótulo}}};">Discussão</th> </tr><tr> <td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em; padding:0.2em 0 0.7em;;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_da_literatura" title="Teoria da literatura">Teoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADtica_liter%C3%A1ria" title="Crítica literária">Crítica</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold; padding-top:0.15em;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:FreeCiv_B.great_library.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FreeCiv_B.great_library.png/16px-FreeCiv_B.great_library.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FreeCiv_B.great_library.png/24px-FreeCiv_B.great_library.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FreeCiv_B.great_library.png/32px-FreeCiv_B.great_library.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="34" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Literatura" title="Portal:Literatura">Portal da literatura</a></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Literatura" title="Predefinição:Literatura"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Literatura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Literatura (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Literatura&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:The_Battle_of_Bosworth_Field_-_A_Scene_from_the_Great_Drama_of_History.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_Battle_of_Bosworth_Field_-_A_Scene_from_the_Great_Drama_of_History.jpg/260px-The_Battle_of_Bosworth_Field_-_A_Scene_from_the_Great_Drama_of_History.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_Battle_of_Bosworth_Field_-_A_Scene_from_the_Great_Drama_of_History.jpg/390px-The_Battle_of_Bosworth_Field_-_A_Scene_from_the_Great_Drama_of_History.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_Battle_of_Bosworth_Field_-_A_Scene_from_the_Great_Drama_of_History.jpg/520px-The_Battle_of_Bosworth_Field_-_A_Scene_from_the_Great_Drama_of_History.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>Representação de uma cena da peça de <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_III_(pe%C3%A7a_teatral)" title="Ricardo III (peça teatral)"><i>Ricardo III</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Drama</b> é o modo específico de <a href="/wiki/Fic%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ficção">ficção</a> representado na <a href="/wiki/Desempenho" title="Desempenho">performance</a>: uma <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%A7a_teatral" title="Peça teatral">peça</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93pera" title="Ópera">ópera</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmica" title="Mímica">mímica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bal%C3%A9" title="Balé">balé</a>, etc., realizada em um <a href="/wiki/Teatro" title="Teatro">teatro</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(telecomunica%C3%A7%C3%B5es)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rádio (telecomunicações)">rádio</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Televisor" title="Televisor">televisão</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-elam98_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elam98-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Considerado como um gênero de <a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">poesia</a> em geral, o modo dramático tem sido contrastado com os modos <a href="/wiki/Poesia_%C3%A9pica" title="Poesia épica">épico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Poesia_l%C3%ADrica" title="Poesia lírica">lírico</a> desde a <i><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A9tica_(Arist%C3%B3teles)" title="Poética (Aristóteles)">Poética</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a> (c. 335 a.C.), o primeiro trabalho da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_dram%C3%A1tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria dramática (página não existe)">teoria dramática</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O termo "drama" vem de uma palavra grega que significa "ação" ou "<a href="/wiki/Ato" title="Ato">ato</a>" (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega_antiga" title="Língua grega antiga">grego</a>: <span lang="el" class="politonico">δρᾶμα</span>, <i>drâma</i>), que é derivado de "eu faço" (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega_antiga" title="Língua grega antiga">grego</a>: <span lang="el" class="politonico">δράω</span>, <i>dráō</i>). As duas <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1scara" title="Máscara">máscaras</a> associadas ao drama representam a tradicional divisão <a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAnero_liter%C3%A1rio" title="Gênero literário">genérica</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9dia" title="Comédia">comédia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9dia" title="Tragédia">tragédia</a>. </p><p>Em inglês (como era o caso análogo em muitas outras <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_da_Europa" title="Línguas da Europa">línguas europeias</a>), a palavra <i>play</i> (peça) ou <i>game</i> (traduzindo do <a href="/wiki/Anglo-sax%C3%B5es" title="Anglo-saxões">anglo-saxão</a> <i>pleġan</i> ou do latim <i>ludus</i>) era o termo padrão para dramas até a época de William Shakespeare — assim como seu criador era um <i>play-maker</i> (criador de peças) em vez de um <a href="/wiki/Dramaturgia" title="Dramaturgia">dramaturgo</a> e o edifício era uma <i>play-house</i> (casa teatral) em vez de um <a href="/wiki/Teatro" title="Teatro">teatro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O uso de "drama" em um sentido mais restrito para designar um tipo específico de peça data da <a href="/wiki/Idade_Moderna" title="Idade Moderna">era moderna</a>. "Drama", neste sentido, refere-se a uma peça que não é comédia nem tragédia, como <i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Raquin" title="Thérèse Raquin">Thérèse Raquin</a></i> (1873) de <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Zola</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivanov_(pe%C3%A7a)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivanov (peça) (página não existe)"><i>Ivanov</i></a> (1887) de <a href="/wiki/Anton_Tchekhov" title="Anton Tchekhov">Chekhov</a>. É esse sentido mais restrito que as <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_cinematogr%C3%A1fica" title="Indústria cinematográfica">indústrias cinematográfica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Televisor" title="Televisor">televisiva</a>, juntamente com a <a href="/wiki/Filmologia" title="Filmologia">filmologia</a>, adotaram para descrever o "drama" como um gênero dentro de suas respectivas mídias. O termo "<a href="/wiki/Drama_radiof%C3%B4nico" title="Drama radiofônico">drama radiofônico</a>" tem sido usado em ambos os sentidos — originalmente transmitido em uma apresentação <a href="/wiki/Ao_vivo" title="Ao vivo">ao vivo</a>. Também pode ser usado para se referir ao final mais intelectual e sério da produção dramática do <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(telecomunica%C3%A7%C3%B5es)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rádio (telecomunicações)">rádio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Mise-en-sc%C3%A8ne" title="Mise-en-scène">encenação</a> do drama no teatro, realizada por <a href="/wiki/Ator" title="Ator">atores</a> em um <a href="/wiki/Palco" title="Palco">palco</a> diante de uma plateia, pressupõe modos de produção <a href="/wiki/Colabora%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Colaboração">colaborativos</a> e uma forma <a href="/wiki/Coletividade" class="mw-redirect" title="Coletividade">coletiva</a> de recepção. A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrutura_dram%C3%A1tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estrutura dramática (página não existe)">estrutura</a> dos textos dramáticos, ao contrário de outras formas de literatura, é diretamente influenciada por essa produção colaborativa e recepção coletiva.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A mímica é uma forma de drama onde a ação de uma história é contada apenas através do movimento corporal. O drama pode ser combinado com a <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música">música</a>: o texto dramático na <a href="/wiki/%C3%93pera" title="Ópera">ópera</a> é geralmente cantado; como em alguns <a href="/wiki/Bal%C3%A9" title="Balé">balés</a>, a dança "expressa ou imita <a href="/wiki/Emo%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Emoção">emoção</a>, caráter e ação narrativa".<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Os <a href="/wiki/Teatro_musical" title="Teatro musical">musicais</a> incluem diálogos falados e <a href="/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Canção">canções</a>; e algumas formas de drama têm música incidental ou acompanhamento musical enfatizando o diálogo (<a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">melodrama</a> e japonês <i><a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">Nō</a></i>, por exemplo).<sup id="cite_ref-cgt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgt-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama_de_arm%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drama de armário (página não existe)">drama de armário</a> é uma forma que se destina a ser lida, em vez de representada.<sup id="cite_ref-closet_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-closet-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Em <a href="/wiki/Improvisa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Improvisação (música)">improvisação</a>, o drama não preexiste ao momento da performance; os <i>performers</i> elaboram um roteiro dramático espontaneamente diante de uma plateia.<sup id="cite_ref-impro_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-impro-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9dia_dram%C3%A1tica" title="Comédia dramática">Comédia dramática</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_da_literatura" title="Teoria da literatura">Teoria da literatura</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-elam98-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-elam98_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elam (1980, 98).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Fergusson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Fergusson (página não existe)">Francis Fergusson</a> escreve que "um drama, ao contrário de uma lírica, não é principalmente uma composição no meio verbal; as <a href="/wiki/Palavra" title="Palavra">palavras</a> resultam, como se poderia dizer, da subjacente estrutura do incidente e do personagem. Como observa <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a>, 'o poeta deve ser o criador de enredos e não de versos; pois ele é um poeta porque <a href="/wiki/Imita%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Imitação">imita</a>, e o que ele imita são <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(filosofia)" title="Ação (filosofia)">ações</a>.'" (1949, 8).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wickham (1959, 32–41; 1969, 133; 1981, 68–69). O sentido do criador de peças como um "criador" em vez de um "escritor" é preservado na palavra <i>playwright</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Theatre" title="The Theatre">The Theatre</a>, um dos primeiros teatros construídos especificamente em <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a>, foi uma referência intencional ao termo latino para aquele teatro em particular, em vez de um termo para os edifícios em geral (1967, 133). A palavra '<i>dramatist</i>' "naquela época ainda era desconhecida na língua inglesa" (1981, 68).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Banham (1998, 894–900).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pfister (1977, 11).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/dance/Drama"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cgt-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cgt_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ver as entradas para "ópera", "teatro musical, americano", "melodrama" e "Nō" em Banham (1998).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-closet-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-closet_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">O <i><a href="/wiki/Manfredo_(Lord_Byron)" title="Manfredo (Lord Byron)">Manfredo</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a>, por exemplo, é um bom exemplo de "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama_em_verso_e_verso_dram%C3%A1tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drama em verso e verso dramático (página não existe)">poema dramático</a>". Veja a entrada em "Byron (George George)" em Banham (1998).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-impro-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-impro_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Algumas formas de improvisação, notadamente a <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte"><i>commedia dell'arte</i></a>, improvisam com base em '<a href="/wiki/Lazzi" title="Lazzi"><i>lazzi</i></a>' ou esboços grosseiros de ação cênica (ver Gordon (1983) e Duchartre (1929)). Todas as formas de improvisação se baseiam na resposta imediata de um ao outro, nas situações de seus personagens (que às vezes são estabelecidas com antecedência) e, muitas vezes, em sua interação com o público. As formulações clássicas de improvisação no teatro originaram-se com <a href="/wiki/Joan_Littlewood" title="Joan Littlewood">Joan Littlewood</a> e <a href="/wiki/Keith_Johnstone" title="Keith Johnstone">Keith Johnstone</a> no <a href="/wiki/Reino_Unido" title="Reino Unido">Reino Unido</a> e <a href="/wiki/Viola_Spolin" title="Viola Spolin">Viola Spolin</a> nos <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>; ver Johnstone (1981) e Spolin (1963).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. <i>The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-43437-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-43437-8">0-521-43437-8</a>.</li> <li>Baumer, Rachel Van M., and James R. Brandon, eds. 1981. <i>Sanskrit Theatre in Performance.</i> Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1993. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-81-208-0772-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-81-208-0772-3">978-81-208-0772-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bevington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Bevington (página não existe)">Bevington, David M.</a> 1962. <i>From </i>Mankind<i> to Marlowe: Growth of Structure in the Popular Drama of Tudor England.</i> Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</li> <li>Bhatta, S. Krishna. 1987. <i>Indian English Drama: A Critical Study.</i> New Delhi: Sterling.</li> <li>Brandon, James R. 1981. Introduction. In Baumer and Brandon (1981, xvii–xx).</li> <li>Brandon, James R., ed. 1997. <i>The Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre.'</i> 2nd, rev. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-521-58822-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-521-58822-5">978-0-521-58822-5</a>.</li> <li>Brockett, Oscar G. and Franklin J. Hildy. 2003. <i>History of the Theatre</i>. Ninth edition, International edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-205-41050-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-205-41050-2">0-205-41050-2</a>.</li> <li>Brown, Andrew. 1998. "Ancient Greece." In <i>The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.</i> Ed. Martin Banham. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 441–447. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-43437-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-43437-8">0-521-43437-8</a>.</li> <li>Burt, Daniel S. 2008.<i>The Drama 100: A Ranking of the Greatest Plays of All Time.</i> Facts on File ser. New York: Facts on File/Infobase. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8160-6073-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8160-6073-3">978-0-8160-6073-3</a>.</li> <li>Callery, Dympha. 2001. <i>Through the Body: A Practical Guide to Physical Theatre.</i> London: Nick Hern. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-854-59630-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-854-59630-6">1-854-59630-6</a>.</li> <li>Carlson, Marvin. 1993. <i>Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present.</i> Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8014-8154-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8014-8154-3">978-0-8014-8154-3</a>.</li> <li>Cartledge, Paul. 1997. "'Deep Plays': Theatre as Process in Greek Civic Life." In Easterling (1997c, 3–35).</li> <li>Chakraborty, Kaustav, ed. 2011. <i>Indian English Drama.</i> New Delhi: PHI Learning.</li> <li>Deshpande, G. P., ed. 2000. <i>Modern Indian Drama: An Anthology.</i> New Delhi: Sahitya Akedemi.</li> <li>Dillon, Janette. 2006. <i>The Cambridge Introduction to Early English Theatre.</i> Cambridge Introductions to Literature ser. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-521-83474-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-521-83474-2">978-0-521-83474-2</a>.</li> <li>Duchartre, Pierre Louis. 1929. <i>The Italian Comedy</i>. Unabridged republication. New York: Dover, 1966. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-486-21679-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-486-21679-9">0-486-21679-9</a>.</li> <li>Dukore, Bernard F., ed. 1974. <i>Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to </i>. Florence, Kentucky: Heinle & Heinle. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-03-091152-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-03-091152-4">0-03-091152-4</a>.</li> <li>Durant, Will & Ariel Durant. 1963 <i>The Story of Civilization, Volume II: The Life of Greece</i>. 11 vols. New York: Simon & Schuster.</li> <li>Easterling, P. E. 1997a. "A Show for Dionysus." In Easterling (1997c, 36–53).</li> <li>Easterling, P. E. 1997b. "Form and Performance." In Easterling (1997c, 151–177).</li> <li>Easterling, P. E., ed. 1997c. <i>The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy</i>. Cambridge Companions to Literature ser. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-42351-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-42351-1">0-521-42351-1</a>.</li> <li>Ehrlich, Harriet W. 1974. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41388165?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Creative Dramatics as a Classroom Teaching Technique</a>." <i>Elementary English</i> 51:1 (January):75–80.</li> <li>Elam, Keir. 1980. <i>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiotics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiotics (página não existe)">Semiotics</a> of Theatre and Drama</i>. New Accents Ser. London and New York: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-416-72060-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-416-72060-9">0-416-72060-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Fergusson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Fergusson (página não existe)">Fergusson, Francis</a>. 1949. <i>The Idea of a Theater: A Study of Ten Plays, The Art of Drama in a Changing Perspective.</i> Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1968. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-691-01288-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-691-01288-1">0-691-01288-1</a>.</li> <li>Goldhill, Simon. 1997. "The Audience of Athenian Tragedy." In Easterling (1997c, 54–68).</li> <li>Gordon, Mel. 1983. <i><a href="/wiki/Lazzi" title="Lazzi">Lazzi</a>: The Comic Routines of the Commedia dell'Arte</i>. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-933826-69-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-933826-69-9">0-933826-69-9</a>.</li> <li>Gutzwiller, Kathryn. 2007. <i>A Guide to Hellenistic Literature.</i> London: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-631-23322-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-631-23322-9">0-631-23322-9</a>.</li> <li>Harsh, Philip Whaley. 1944. <i>A Handbook of Classical Drama</i>. Stanford: Stanford UP; Oxford: Oxford UP.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Johnstone" title="Keith Johnstone">Johnstone, Keith</a>. 1981. <i>Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre</i> Rev. ed. London: Methuen, 2007. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-7136-8701-0" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-7136-8701-0">0-7136-8701-0</a>.</li> <li>Ley, Graham. 2006. <i>A Short Introduction to the Ancient Greek Theater.</i> Rev. ed. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-226-47761-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-226-47761-4">0-226-47761-4</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Neog, Maheswar (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DcReZM-rI0MC"><i>Early History of the Vaiṣṇava Faith and Movement in Assam: Śaṅkaradeva and His Times</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-81-208-0007-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-81-208-0007-6">978-81-208-0007-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ADrama&rft.aufirst=Maheswar&rft.aulast=Neog&rft.btitle=Early+History+of+the+Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87ava+Faith+and+Movement+in+Assam%3A+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%85karadeva+and+His+Times&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0007-6&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDcReZM-rI0MC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>O'Brien, Nick. 2010. <i>Stanislavski In Practise</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0415568432" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0415568432">978-0415568432</a>.</li> <li>O'Brien, Nick. 2007. <i>The Theatricality of Greek Tragedy: Playing Space and Chorus.</i> Chicago and London: U of Chicago P. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-226-47757-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-226-47757-6">0-226-47757-6</a>.</li> <li>Pandey, Sudhakar, and Freya Taraporewala, eds. 1999. <i>Studies in Contemporary India.</i> New Delhi: Prestige.</li> <li>Pfister, Manfred. 1977. <i>The Theory and Analysis of Drama</i>. Trans. John Halliday. European Studies in English Literature Ser. Cambridige: Cambridge University Press, 1988. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-42383-X" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-42383-X">0-521-42383-X</a>.</li> <li>Rémy, Tristan. 1954. <i>Jean-Gaspard Deburau.</i> Paris: L’Arche.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rush_Rehm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rush Rehm (página não existe)">Rehm, Rush</a>. 1992. <i>Greek Tragic Theatre.</i> Theatre Production Studies ser. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-415-11894-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-415-11894-8">0-415-11894-8</a>.</li> <li>Richmond, Farley. 1998. "India." In Banham (1998, 516–525).</li> <li>Richmond, Farley P., Darius L. Swann, and Phillip B. Zarrilli, eds. 1993. <i>Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance.</i> U of Hawaii P. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8248-1322-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8248-1322-2">978-0-8248-1322-2</a>.</li> <li>Spivack, Bernard. 1958. <i>Shakespeare and the Allegory of Evil: The History of a Metaphor in Relation to his Major Villains.</i> NY and London: Columbia UP. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-231-01912-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-231-01912-2">0-231-01912-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Spolin" title="Viola Spolin">Spolin, Viola</a>. 1967. <i>Improvisation for the Theater</i>. Third rev. ed Evanston, II Northwestern University Press, 1999. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8101-4008-X" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8101-4008-X">0-8101-4008-X</a>.</li> <li>Taxidou, Olga. 2004. <i>Tragedy, Modernity and Mourning</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-7486-1987-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-7486-1987-9">0-7486-1987-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glynne_Wickham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glynne Wickham (página não existe)">Wickham, Glynne</a>. 1959. <i>Early English Stages: 1300–1660.</i> Vol. 1. London: Routledge.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glynne_Wickham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glynne Wickham (página não existe)">Wickham, Glynne</a>. 1969. <i>Shakespeare's Dramatic Heritage: Collected Studies in Mediaeval, Tudor and Shakespearean Drama.</i> London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-710-06069-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-710-06069-6">0-710-06069-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glynne_Wickham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glynne Wickham (página não existe)">Wickham, Glynne</a>, ed. 1976. <i>English Moral Interludes.</i> London: Dent. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-874-71766-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-874-71766-3">0-874-71766-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glynne_Wickham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glynne Wickham (página não existe)">Wickham, Glynne</a>. 1981. <i>Early English Stages: 1300–1660.</i> Vol. 3. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-710-00218-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-710-00218-1">0-710-00218-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glynne_Wickham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glynne Wickham (página não existe)">Wickham, Glynne</a>. 1987. <i>The Medieval Theatre.</i> 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-31248-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-31248-5">0-521-31248-5</a>.</li> <li>Weimann, Robert. 1978. <i>Shakespeare and the Popular Tradition in the Theater: Studies in the Social Dimension of Dramatic Form and Function.</i> Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8018-3506-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8018-3506-2">0-8018-3506-2</a>.</li> <li>Weimann, Robert. 2000. <i>Author's Pen and Actor's Voice: Playing and Writing in Shakespeare's Theatre</i>. Ed. Helen Higbee and William West. Cambridge Studies in Renaissance Literature and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-78735-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-78735-1">0-521-78735-1</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drama&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drama?uselang=pt">Drama</a></span></b></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcsh.unl.pt/edtl/verbetes/D/drama.htm">E-Dicionário de termos literários editado e organizado por Carlos Ceia. Verbéte de Maria Helena Serôdio</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503023504/http://pphp.uol.com.br/tropico/html/textos/2494,1.shl">«A perversão dos gêneros por Almodóvar»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ADrama&rft.btitle=A+pervers%C3%A3o+dos+g%C3%AAneros+por+Almod%C3%B3var&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080503023504%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fpphp.uol.com.br%2Ftropico%2Fhtml%2Ftextos%2F2494%2C1.shl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/dramafilms.html">«Drama films»</a>. (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ADrama&rft.btitle=Drama+films&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Fdramafilms.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arte" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: #FAD5A5"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Arte" title="Predefinição:Arte"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";background-color: #FAD5A5;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Arte" title="Predefinição Discussão:Arte"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";background-color: #FAD5A5;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; 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text-align:center;">Tipos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte_abstrata" title="Arte abstrata">Abstratas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_aplicada" title="Arte aplicada">Aplicadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audiovisual" title="Audiovisual">Audiovisuais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_ciborgue" title="Arte ciborgue">Ciborgues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_cin%C3%A9tica" title="Arte cinética">Cinéticas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arte_de_conceito" title="Arte de conceito">Concept art</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_corporal" title="Arte corporal">Corporais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_culin%C3%A1ria" title="Arte culinária">Culinárias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artes_decorativas" title="Artes decorativas">Decorativas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_degenerada" title="Arte degenerada">Degeneradas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_digital" title="Arte digital">Digitais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_er%C3%B3tica" title="Arte erótica">Eróticas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_espacial" title="Arte espacial">Espaciais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_esp%C3%ADrita" title="Arte espírita">Espíritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_feminista" title="Arte feminista">Feministas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_gr%C3%A1fico" title="Design gráfico">Gráficas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instala%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(arte)" title="Instalação (arte)">Instaladas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_interativa" title="Arte interativa">Interativas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_livre" title="Arte livre">Livres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artes_marciais" title="Artes marciais">Marciais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_marinha" title="Arte marinha">Marinhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_neomud%C3%A9jar" title="Arte neomudéjar">Neomudéjares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_pixel" title="Arte pixel">Pixels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_postal" title="Arte postal">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artes_pl%C3%A1sticas" title="Artes plásticas">Plásticas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_profana" title="Arte profana">Profanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artes_Regong" title="Artes Regong">Regongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_sacra" title="Arte sacra">Sacras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_sequencial" title="Arte sequencial">Sequenciais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_urbana" title="Arte urbana">Urbanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_vest%C3%ADvel" title="Arte vestível">Vestíveis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_vision%C3%A1ria" title="Arte visionária">Visionárias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artes_visuais" title="Artes visuais">Visuais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fbe1c0; text-align:center;">Expressões</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arquitetura" title="Arquitetura">Arquitetura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema" title="Cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_de_arte" title="Cinema de arte">Cinema de arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filme" title="Filme">Filmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmografia" title="Filmografia">Filmografia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desenho" title="Desenho">Desenho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banda_desenhada" title="Banda desenhada">Banda desenhada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">Cartoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escultura" title="Escultura">Escultura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastronomia" title="Gastronomia">Gastronomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravura" title="Gravura">Gravura</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">Literatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93pera" title="Ópera">Ópera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arquitetura_paisagista" title="Arquitetura paisagista">Paisagismo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Performance_(arte)" title="Performance (arte)">Performance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura">Pintura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatuagem" title="Tatuagem">Tatuagem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videoarte" title="Videoarte">Videoarte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fbe1c0; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Artes_c%C3%A9nicas" title="Artes cénicas">Performáticas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: antiquewhite; text-align:center;">Principais</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circo" title="Circo">Circo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%A7a" title="Dança">Dança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramaturgia" title="Dramaturgia">Dramaturgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música">Música</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro" title="Teatro">Teatro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: antiquewhite; text-align:center;">Menores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilusionismo" title="Ilusionismo">Ilusionismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_de_fantoches" title="Teatro de fantoches">Teatro de fantoches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: antiquewhite; text-align:center;">Gêneros</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9dia" title="Tragédia">Tragédia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9dia" title="Comédia">Comédia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragicom%C3%A9dia" title="Tragicomédia">Tragicomédia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_de_cavalaria" title="Romance de cavalaria">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1tira" title="Sátira">Sátira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poesia_%C3%A9pica" title="Poesia épica">Poesia épica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poesia_l%C3%ADrica" title="Poesia lírica">Poesia lírica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fbe1c0; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Artesanato" title="Artesanato">Artesanato</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfaiataria" title="Alfaiataria">Alfaiataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordado" title="Bordado">Bordado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joalharia" title="Joalharia">Joalharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcenaria" title="Marcenaria">Marcenaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalurgia" title="Metalurgia">Metalurgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourivesaria" title="Ourivesaria">Ourivesaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">Perfumaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape%C3%A7aria" title="Tapeçaria">Tapeçaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fbe1c0; text-align:center;">Períodos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte_pr%C3%A9-hist%C3%B3rica" title="Arte pré-histórica">Pré-História</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_da_Antiguidade" title="Arte da Antiguidade">Antiguidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_da_Idade_M%C3%A9dia" title="Arte da Idade Média">Idade Média</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_na_Idade_Moderna" title="Arte na Idade Moderna">Idade Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_moderna" title="Arte moderna">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_contempor%C3%A2nea" title="Arte contemporânea">Contemporaneidade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fbe1c0; text-align:center;">Locais</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte_na_Alemanha_Nazista" title="Arte na Alemanha Nazista">Alemanha Nazista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artes_do_Brasil" title="Artes do Brasil">Brasil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte_pr%C3%A9-hist%C3%B3rica_no_Brasil" title="Arte pré-histórica no Brasil">Pré-Histórica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_ind%C3%ADgena_brasileira" title="Arte indígena brasileira">Indígena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_marajoara" title="Arte marajoara">Marajoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_plum%C3%A1ria_ind%C3%ADgena_brasileira" title="Arte plumária indígena brasileira">Plumária</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_na_Espanha" title="Arte na Espanha">Espanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_da_It%C3%A1lia" title="Arte da Itália">Itália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_arte_em_Portugal" title="História da arte em Portugal">Portugal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte_romana_em_Portugal" title="Arte romana em Portugal">Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_visig%C3%B3tica_em_Portugal" title="Arte visigótica em Portugal">Visigótica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_de_%C3%81frica" title="Arte de África">África</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_asi%C3%A1tica" title="Arte asiática">Ásia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artes_do_Bahrein" title="Artes do Bahrein">Bahrein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_budista" title="Arte budista">Budista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_da_China" title="Arte da China">Chinesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Arte da Índia">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_isl%C3%A2mica" title="Arte islâmica">Islâmica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_do_Jap%C3%A3o" title="Arte do Japão">Japonesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_persa" title="Arte persa">Persa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_serindiana" title="Arte serindiana">Serindiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fbe1c0; text-align:center;">Outros</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiarte" title="Antiarte">Antiarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entre_as_artes_e_a_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Relação entre as artes e a política">Artes e Política</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autenticidade_na_arte" title="Autenticidade na arte">Autenticidade na arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADtica_art%C3%ADstica" title="Crítica artística">Crítica artística</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economia_das_artes_e_literatura" title="Economia das artes e literatura">Economicidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrutura_conceitual_(arte)" title="Estrutura conceitual (arte)">Estrutura conceitual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimentalismo_(arte)" title="Experimentalismo (arte)">Experimentalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licen%C3%A7a_art%C3%ADstica" title="Licença artística">Licença artística</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modelo_(artes_pl%C3%A1sticas)" title="Modelo (artes plásticas)">Modelo artístico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motivo_(artes_pl%C3%A1sticas)" title="Motivo (artes plásticas)">Motivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativismo_est%C3%A9tico" title="Relativismo estético">Relativismo estético</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: #FAD5A5"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Página de categoria"><img alt="Página de categoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/24px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/32px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Arte" title="Categoria:Arte">Categoria</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/16px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/24px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/32px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arte" title="Portal:Arte">Portal da Arte</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/16px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Art" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Art">Imagens</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" title="Portal da arte"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arte" title="Portal:Arte">Portal da arte</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; 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