CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136cff93acb3ffa',cH: 'DSc9ndzPOd9NUENlKNSXJB4tg0BU7eMGLqnGYMVLFPg-1739806160-1.2.1.1-Okq49Oqyr9N.v4AfWbWoJm9QaSOeIORi4.V1qs4ZfLTlJBe9yZgoHof3gcjg84qX',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ravi%20Kumar%20Umrao&__cf_chl_tk=HwaiP7J.wUPxfCIlOcTve8LFlCPdPWdpmntIuVBC2WM-1739806160-1.0.1.1-1RWPvHBhrWLOdPj6KZI68pvKG5RxV7_trh8_l5gPD_4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739806160',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ravi%20Kumar%20Umrao&__cf_chl_f_tk=HwaiP7J.wUPxfCIlOcTve8LFlCPdPWdpmntIuVBC2WM-1739806160-1.0.1.1-1RWPvHBhrWLOdPj6KZI68pvKG5RxV7_trh8_l5gPD_4",md: "ReRP4gp02D_ewKoIxcoc4je2jLje.2LmohxJoZsv9JE-1739806160-1.2.1.1-si4Gu367c8.G6dNnJLIDhWgk5MiFyjWHT9vyxX6I.spUIpLQQO1AXFeBL6Zj6tIlCseHCRKSgj94UaXWoF9x9aQtPdB3T2pSHq8IM2EXkAfcX9FDdRVuUx_QYdxqtIcCbEV02WYcMk2x4lGacvz0XXOnXx5uO7TVt6dT.COnMf015IvAI_atQX9SpMRU9435K5p528uUjNmy2FpCT9M1JuL1NYzQRiT4HjQ5ePGMpR8QT2u8FBH5_uztpm6wLmL.0ZEsh3xxSeWj4UWeM3ZlUl9s0B6mTMho5s0u9TCZOfL1fuDu8blguqPbatA4ix8bZxmGxG60cw1Mxo1Bv3EUsqVI66QvhegqMaAlQfkkItx.nUh2lkkMROvk5cdeCkjPYIcYQCJK31Fg3MvBUMZciJPNIPjh0WHhebNFEL8iWnYSypO1kQsV4n.i5YSBYMw0CTxT7nr6Cnsu9rv_1mjlACrf3QeuBUz6wF8CABEriCfYm8jYYn6xv_NCJDQX3_P4NZz9RszD11aF_bWCeCjPUk2klHSc9q1.Zv8pMTM7U8olbtOLwvaj.iuf86By_j9Bf9ftfC1TQExpdHibq_m4TR5F3TzrBS8MULxcHVPSZBTjocIgLt0Dp0XqTij0iap.mdxfiyKM_roSmlaAEYK5FYPZaNP32N1UZkgVSRzWXMLH9scpe3Cb5mfLf5tY0PW74OeY8xYmhcQ.8p3fc4DKfwkTrIOLfvIE7mVBAswBWmhYxKa_aJ7puSu66LjWrmVNCsSySqr0WMgjPtiUPyd99vMOwXW9WYTjWPXwwQMt3UIFB51jMI_ODyKCj0KJd70lAZB17zcLEiSxfxtw.gzqUhaRH_IpD4cbHRKpJ5cZUCfmmFHnbDnmM80.vjhrl5O43NooS8sEukApE88Vmro2mPs2o5syGn9b5WuURqSjgeoE9BqE3vPZW_2Gv726bg.JR_Bf38cS7fxrTJtO3_UHCJ3Mmo8eLKZo8hmJl8dmWe3ACkaQhRJ3QRfPLJtE8PVze3v5adfQLTe0EC5Xh35uVNDvHaW2hx54VNqmTTO30sSWjdikYtWMhP2YWY9SP04EX2L1zqcG6YlcC6sk0ig7Eb6zLaIJULABTIBraoyqD06TuTgnakoNJoX.PF_9OnY1Evo9KMv9dvg0UCNrokGnhmxD.VE1I5ZRBZuT2DEEQ8YCpQnfEGo_6aaCEdT3SjyM4nCBkeRwW00oLr2waPVLdvd58QtyEWE99YVarFLJil4p6xak4MoSLbI3Y3uA3nckXnJx.C11AnkOUkw_b92HF05dXc.FGyFGwn_MLkPhGv5lYwZFNQX6b8hG9j.XNALOZF_In3vy3pjcihVS14j_kMCZODXAJcnUY9agAYopoSThO_xA51vg4F4A0Gal3aAdcYsWzt2MmNNiaXvPaMgtQMJ8shPMWaDR7HCd1eWx1VrY9OWX3tO4bVDbAKxiafiHtbu_6jwqGj9Q9YoYJxB5AE32K_TX7OiairgDctn_j26fTDGYIg67uBSe_1nc5zuKl6Jl23bBgRygDJs2afniihRYm_2KZxk1PxHAPST4_qldmtHqaFxHkFvymRjYegMaaBamFrw.s4KL8PDMx_Z6peqhuA9H.ahhEarzSxTW5tZHm1pWUZtu00QcWpjT67nv1RJmQFY142ggDxt90ZtozQfca7MMbmGfSCKjQKgAr4pcWco_FJOv1LKy6SGco0s5std9rDBrw3JX2ZrWKyaXgbCEJ1Enw25qk3CU8.CK5C_rSYiaOKJxNhpcPubIBE9XSTq51srfoEmfzrtLdtzHWy8yTPQAzqhRCdffXIQ9bocPCF_hJ5n1ZRN1OSdXVgEreTenBr3D3ctMHxtsG2ks2.SZqdo2400_lpDnDXvDt8rESNG1Cv0gheviyX4FEzFtMGYTtoVBjLyRwxsYmdckmSVlpjkD1xa1b81p65SZPaI",mdrd: "LBJ4l7h.E_dXeGB9eAu_pJQUaysHt9uNkht4a0w_HT4-1739806160-1.2.1.1-uAQ1Yc6ojkIHHO7cIYtQncjWt26tkWhpXGhPCN0FEhPjcNIYETmVnEzqrYC7WdKHX_QvSjlVEzFR_tQHAtNJ0gushwy55MzfJ1k7MlQuWglaARUhjWOp2EcXtBt_v5GY7azNdHlQZN5dBdAkyk9AvgJW_Ck7ic5n3vpCMatwheBxL3nuMHmJjNiK3.yGrMyklo2qex5idU7yEfRF0_XyLiQNgi2rNMG9.6oM5oO3.tT_EpLl9fdWyNTKS821OKLT.Jxi2EAssUwMuXTEXUcSpssoXi8qzQkBvdRb8DhU2sWXE0OB800G_mcfhsaXZo5rNTcvXHaISrv7kbu6EsFYl2tPYERunxbwJIsdpR0ZnaQQk2eWTRETFvM_ok7_ScTfnq5OGFpqpm.BMlSsrM19z4fIuB0ZOnu60BeAjERl6qUONzg7uhdKT2k12hzUSGYjPDX8DLCEr9GH2.1Ap2k_Lr0STKLl2LoNYFtzQNwANYL2nrXlFevI50pnjSu1JolqgNksnLi2D3ud1a.IKa2hYhSwlJv1TX9pybOFBfYnsurvbXBb8tKdeqUJMxFY0p4uA4MX_elYwSikERdGrMElx0i2q0XjrQO7XkGZ5KKHaGQ7Yn9MwT.Z9KS1YzVTLh5N2enWw58FewJu21.bbX_KnaR8nUrmiHYa22p8TMBfD_fRM1DxTgPZtJ2B6wTYBg4Q65vrGtEEyKhaVVMTBoXbLZbFkzfccY4toXm15O875WBjkRn2i0KFVA3oJ1b2crdYS36PRJoSxe65xkH4_oylOudE3KQ81NXdf29VexpdLQRJiJu2kXZu5LnXO6j0nfeK6fWumY20iOcQk2yLF3oZZusQtgL62_4HatxUFWVa35v12o8XyBF9p.M3HnaXcIN12_fLw3O_GWp9UbZdF0ljG3hgae55YIBXDHqjPoL0gYwaAufKJZ9HLHzMG2cwK7gnhHvThH1yhVO7oXs3oQrv89rscddp3L.t6X1B39RjcDPxo.Y1elMEoUuoQQZCTd0R9mrcIDm5dWfTOBI4EjWnw7qOUFw5ArgsL1nD1VeYZsU1Fx6D8FOquVjTPeznp2UZ8tpHG1gc0UuT6Ht5Oq63QCSVJY9_EPcvxMJp6JfuLy3J32c9MvsHNRHECHwUdzoVPrv5PeC.DCvJcOOb_jHWgrLyzuQrg4immb8Rf_QtCuV42ClKYaY3Mv35DtghFf_ZI_3XoGJra1k9oa920.onU4YOVSBYvw_R7XlvorJdqVD0P2.nVZa77Hsd3YdOP0CEUVqpouP_zZE6OtlyeWn2B5oFgpI3.qz0wCFL1IKLBikB74Yxzr4rbzrMzpVIAu3SbxqpvApLlKby_.G7UT5bJaUHGptUBN9ZJvPe4KPZL895qq54XSgl519HaBGLETAnqRZYxTAUoMO2jMqGQQ1iRFuMj6695QmYklZfregE.GY93rH_fYtVlXBPxZx75NmpX79ttL5ImYfcYkyTDSUvRPCldrBPGI4YFdoIrui3idOYgOLXDrMXUG.WLaaJ70L8MJfZlMZwzD6_Uk13ll82eoeXY3jMSdAePuEZJWmLuSsEzlXUN9MZ6hTemHi26M0fAs377RQD5pFq4QL7S4PqfhcFaPr.q3iqRRjMK91kXNn1Jjj3IcqJ4ATWrNSXojiBJBzRRgv5cfyFUMw2cSgf3e8AW21WLELbDW0fGD.7ZKcaRCuFrjQFN3_WipB7ad0J8gljg9rJXpsOAuuouisKvJyvMQPP3_VRiUAH6VU3lgc_lO26wlX6UkSLRiRhUSDEb0btbSbUdBPWNtzUeutOvePob2akdQ2eYxUloegTKZTBuh7.VpEEM6HXr8XPYcEuFlg0PE5fOJ_1KGbeS2znvsZJIWBUXH7ZSWq6NTgnrqYq.zIud.iz2GKo1t2NbbM74pJ_MQgAKFDSYtcTeB6WkiYAEkKDynGF.eQ55yc7wi7CiReWsvqmQYh0uya5L8khGFRtebn8x_FmYimpByww7w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136cff93acb3ffa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ravi%20Kumar%20Umrao&__cf_chl_rt_tk=HwaiP7J.wUPxfCIlOcTve8LFlCPdPWdpmntIuVBC2WM-1739806160-1.0.1.1-1RWPvHBhrWLOdPj6KZI68pvKG5RxV7_trh8_l5gPD_4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>