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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-文字史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>文字史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基本術語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基本術語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>基本術語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基本術語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字类型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字类型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文字类型</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文字类型-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文字类型子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文字类型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-语素文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语素文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>语素文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语素文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音節文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音節文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>音節文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音節文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拼音文字（或称音素文字）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拼音文字（或称音素文字）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>拼音文字（或称音素文字）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拼音文字（或称音素文字）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-全音素文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#全音素文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>全音素文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-全音素文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-輔音音素文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#輔音音素文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>輔音音素文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-輔音音素文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音附標文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音附標文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>元音附標文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音附標文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-特徵文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特徵文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>特徵文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特徵文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-模糊个文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#模糊个文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>模糊个文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-模糊个文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-盲文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#盲文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.6</span> <span>盲文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-盲文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字个圖像上分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字个圖像上分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>文字个圖像上分類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文字个圖像上分類-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文字个圖像上分類子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文字个圖像上分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-書寫方向" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書寫方向"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>書寫方向</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書寫方向-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文字列表</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文字列表-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文字列表子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文字列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-顶常见个几種文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#顶常见个几種文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>顶常见个几種文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-顶常见个几種文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-别样文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#别样文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>别样文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-别样文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字对人类个影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字对人类个影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>文字对人类个影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字对人类个影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參攷資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參攷資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參攷資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參攷資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">文字</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。137种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137種閒話</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skryfstelsel" title="Skryfstelsel – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skryfstelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8B%93%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%95%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B6%E1%89%BD" title="የዓለም ጽሕፈቶች – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የዓለም ጽሕፈቶች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%27escritura" title="Sistema d'escritura – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sistema d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="نظام كتابة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام كتابة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="سيستم كتابه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيستم كتابه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="লিখন পদ্ধতি – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিখন পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%27escritura" title="Sistema d'escritura – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Хъвавул система – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъвавул система" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqa" title="Qillqa – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qillqa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1_sistemi" title="Yazı sistemi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yazı sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="یازی سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یازی سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%99%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Яҙма (Әлифба) – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яҙма (Әлифба)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ta_s%C4%97stema" title="Rašta sėstema – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rašta sėstema" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_nin_panurat" title="Sistema nin panurat – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sistema nin panurat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пісьменства – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пісьменства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пісьменства – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пісьменства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Писменост – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Писменост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="लिखाई – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिखाई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_Tulisan" title="Sistim Tulisan – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Sistim Tulisan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="লিখন পদ্ধতি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিখন পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doare-skriva%C3%B1" title="Doare-skrivañ – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Doare-skrivañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_(jezik)" title="Pismo (jezik) – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pismo (jezik)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%27escriptura" title="Sistema d'escriptura – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema d'escriptura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Йоза – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йоза" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_sa_pagsulat" title="Sistema sa pagsulat – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sistema sa pagsulat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سیستمی نووسین – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی نووسین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADsmo" title="Písmo – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Písmo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Çырулăх – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çырулăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_ysgrifennu" title="System ysgrifennu – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System ysgrifennu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skrift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem%C3%AA_nu%C5%9Ft%C4%B1%C5%9Fi" title="Sistemê nuştışi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sistemê nuştışi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Σύστημα γραφής – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύστημα γραφής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Writing system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skribsistemo" title="Skribsistemo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skribsistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escritura" title="Sistema de escritura – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de escritura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiri_(keeleteadus)" title="Kiri (keeleteadus) – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiri (keeleteadus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idazkera_sistema" title="Idazkera sistema – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Idazkera sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="خط (نوشتار) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط (نوشتار)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjoitusj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Kirjoitusjärjestelmä – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjoitusjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27%C3%A9criture" title="Système d'écriture – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système d'écriture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skraft" title="Skraft – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skraft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skrift" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escrita" title="Sistema de escrita – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema de escrita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corys_screeuee" title="Corys screeuee – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Corys screeuee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91" title="כתב – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likhaai" title="Likhaai – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Likhaai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo" title="Pismo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8m_ekriti" title="Sistèm ekriti – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm ekriti" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Գիր – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usoro_ide_ihe" title="Usoro ide ihe – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Usoro ide ihe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ti_panagsurat" title="Sistema ti panagsurat – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sistema ti panagsurat" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Йоазув – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Йоазув" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrifletur" title="Skrifletur – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skrifletur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_di_scrittura" title="Sistema di scrittura – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema di scrittura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="დამწერლობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დამწერლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Жазу – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жазу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಲಿಪಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="문자 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джазма – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джазма" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergala_niv%C3%AEs%C3%AA" title="Pergala nivîsê – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pergala nivîsê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevreyth_skrifa" title="Kevreyth skrifa – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kevreyth skrifa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_scripturae" title="Systema scripturae – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema scripturae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%ABft" title="Schrëft – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schrëft" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemes_de_scrive" title="Sistemes de scrive – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistemes de scrive" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjrifsysteem" title="Sjrifsysteem – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjrifsysteem" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scritura" title="Scritura – 拉定语" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Scritura" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="拉定语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_scritura" title="Sistema de scritura – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sistema de scritura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1to_sistema" title="Rašto sistema – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rašto sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roksts_(raksteiba)" title="Roksts (raksteiba) – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Roksts (raksteiba)" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakst%C4%ABba" title="Rakstība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rakstība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Писмо – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Писмо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="ലിപി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിപി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%97_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="लिपी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tulisan" title="Sistem tulisan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem tulisan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="خط – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خط" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manni%C3%A9the_d%27%C3%AAcrithe" title="Manniéthe d'êcrithe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Manniéthe d'êcrithe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad_bee_%C3%A1l%CA%BC%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Saad bee álʼíní – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Saad bee álʼíní" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_d%27escritura" title="Sistèma d'escritura – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjutussistiemu" title="Kirjutussistiemu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kirjutussistiemu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਲਿਪੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8me_d%27%C3%A9criture" title="Sistème d'écriture – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sistème d'écriture" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_pisma" title="System pisma – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System pisma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="ليک – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escrita" title="Sistema de escrita – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de escrita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqa" title="Qillqa – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qillqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_scriere" title="Sistem de scriere – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem de scriere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Письменность – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Письменность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="लिपयः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लिपयः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writin_seestem" title="Writin seestem – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Writin seestem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88" title="لکت سرشتو – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لکت سرشتو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_(znakovi)" title="Pismo (znakovi) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pismo (znakovi)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8" title="අක්ෂර ක්‍රම – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අක්ෂර ක්‍රම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Writing system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADsmo_(jazykoveda)" title="Písmo (jazykoveda) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Písmo (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisava" title="Pisava – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pisava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_i_shkrimit" title="Sistemi i shkrimit – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi i shkrimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Писмо – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Писмо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maandishi" title="Maandishi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maandishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="எழுத்து முறை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எழுத்து முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಲಿಪಿ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF" title="లిపి – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిపి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Хат (навиштор) – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хат (навиштор)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบการเขียน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบการเขียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ng_pagsulat" title="Sistema ng pagsulat – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistema ng pagsulat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1_sistemi" title="Yazı sistemi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yazı sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Язу системасы – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Язу системасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Писемність – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Писемність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="رسم الخط – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رسم الخط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yozuv" title="Yozuv – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yozuv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_ch%E1%BB%AF_vi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Hệ chữ viết – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ chữ viết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_hin_panurat" title="Sistema hin panurat – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema hin panurat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ჭარალუა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭარალუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98" title="שריפט – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שריפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihsaw" title="Cihsaw – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cihsaw" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBn-j%C4%AB_h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="Bûn-jī hē-thóng – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-jī hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名字空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="望内容页[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="有关内容页面个讨论（页面弗存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">原文</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">家生</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit" title="编辑该只页面个源码[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=history"><span>望历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="链到箇里个所有wiki页面个清单[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链进来点啥</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" rel="nofollow" title="箇页链出去个全部页箇阶段变化[k]" accesskey="k"><span>搭界个改动</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=wuu" title="上传文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&oldid=305986" title="箇页当前版本个老世链接"><span>老世链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&id=305986&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关哪亨引用箇页个信息"><span>引用箇篇文章</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwuu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%2597"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwuu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%2597"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97"><span>创建书本</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=show-download-screen"><span>作为PDF下载</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&printable=yes" title="箇页个打印版[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 别个项目里向 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Writing_systems" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8192" title="链接到有关数据存储库项[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自维基百科，自由个百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="wuu" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Writing_systems_worldwide.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Writing_systems_worldwide.png/500px-Writing_systems_worldwide.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Writing_systems_worldwide.png/750px-Writing_systems_worldwide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Writing_systems_worldwide.png/1000px-Writing_systems_worldwide.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption> <table> <caption>各國个主要文字，及一些地區使用个文字 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>字母</b> <span style="background:#aaa; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></span> <span style="background:teal; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里爾字母</a></span><span style="background:cyan; color:black;">及拉丁字母</span> <span style="background:blue; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a></span> <span style="background:darkblue; color:white;"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喬治亞字母（页面弗存在）">喬治亞字母</a> <span style="background:darkblue; color:white;">亞美尼亞字母</span> </td> <td><b>语标+音节</b> <span style="background:crimson; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a> (L)</span> <span style="background:red; color:white;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假名（页面弗存在）">假名</a> (2S)+<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">漢字</a>(L)</span> <span style="background:#c000c0; color:white;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="諺文（页面弗存在）">諺文</a>(S)</span><span style="background:#f0f; color:black;">+有限度个<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="朝鲜汉字">漢字</a>(L)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>輔音音素文字</b> <span style="background:green; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a></span><span style="background:#6f0; color:black;">及拉丁字母</span> <span style="background:#00ff7f; color:black;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希伯來文（页面弗存在）">希伯來文</a></span> </td> <td><b>元音附标文字</b> <span style="background:#ffc000; color:black;">北印度文</span> <span style="background:orange; color:black;">南印度文</span> <span style="background:maroon; color:white;">埃塞俄比亚文</span> <span style="background:olive; color:white;">它拿字母</span> <span style="background:#ffff80; color:gray;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大原住民音節文字（页面弗存在）">加拿大原住民音節文字</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> <p>原始<b>文字</b>是人类用来<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紀錄（页面弗存在）">紀錄</a>特定事物、簡化<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F" title="图像">圖像</a>而成个書寫<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="符号">符號</a>。文字在发展早期儕是图画形式个<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="形意文字（页面弗存在）">表意文字</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="象形文字">象形文字</a>）</b>，搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語音（页面弗存在）">語音</a>嘸沒關係，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>便是從此漸次演變而成。有排漢字可以從表面、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="部首（页面弗存在）">部首</a>、字旁看到一些聯繫旁通个字義。而昰些特色是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拼音文字（页面弗存在）">拼音文字</a>所嘸沒个。所以古代漢字在弗同个語系區域是擁有弗同發音个，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>个存在。漢朝已經畀鄰近个族羣借用其文字用作爲書寫紀錄。 </p><p> 歷經弗同演變，部分發展成<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="符号">符号</a>系统，後首來也可用來紀錄人生<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C" title="经验">經驗</a>與見聞。一般认为，文字是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>社会个标志。另一方面，從古<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃及文（页面弗存在）">埃及文</a>、羅馬文字、及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>字咾发展到後期儕成为語音符號，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a>，弗同个外文字母合併成一隻文字。由於弗同字母分別付予一隻<b>音</b>，弗同个字母合併成<b>切音</b>（混音），形成音節，合併弗合个音節，成爲了记录语音个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="表音文字（页面弗存在）">表音文字</a>。</p><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kanji_Wa.png/28px-Kanji_Wa.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kanji_Wa.png/42px-Kanji_Wa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kanji_Wa.png/56px-Kanji_Wa.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:文字（页面弗存在）">文字主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字史"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E5.8F.B2"></span>文字史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：文字史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文字史（页面弗存在）">文字史</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calligrapher_at_work,_Culture_St.,_Xi%27an.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Calligrapher_at_work%2C_Culture_St.%2C_Xi%27an.JPG/220px-Calligrapher_at_work%2C_Culture_St.%2C_Xi%27an.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Calligrapher_at_work%2C_Culture_St.%2C_Xi%27an.JPG/330px-Calligrapher_at_work%2C_Culture_St.%2C_Xi%27an.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Calligrapher_at_work%2C_Culture_St.%2C_Xi%27an.JPG/440px-Calligrapher_at_work%2C_Culture_St.%2C_Xi%27an.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>漢字是當今世界上仍畀廣泛采用个意音文字</figcaption></figure> <p>有研究者認爲，人类个文字史分为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="形意文字（页面弗存在）">形意文字</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意音文字（页面弗存在）">意音文字</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拼音文字（页面弗存在）">拼音文字</a>三隻阶段<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>形意文字</li></ul> <dl><dd>又称表意文字，是一种以图像表示內容个象形符号。表意文字是文字萌芽时期个产物，是相当原始个，并弗能用垃完整个记录语言，可以分为四种类型--刻符、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E7%94%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩画（页面弗存在）">岩画</a>、文字画搭图画字。不過到乃朝，昰種表達意義个符號依舊交關常見。</dd></dl> <ul><li>意音文字</li></ul> <dl><dd>當一种图形符号发展成为語音符號，即外文个字母（給予一隻語音），當昰些字母併合弗同个組合个辰光咾，演變成多<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>个<b>文字</b>系统。有語言學者認爲意音文字代表人类文字史走出原始时期，进入古典时期，而昰種文字已經可以編寫歷史了。发展成熟而又代表高度文化个意音文字弗多，主要有两河流域个<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a>、古埃及个<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="圣书体">圣书体</a>、中国个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>、中美洲个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪雅象形文字（页面弗存在）">瑪雅象形文字</a>。楔形文字搭象形文字早已嘸沒人使用，汉字是当今世界上仍畀广泛采用个意音文字。</dd></dl> <ul><li>拼音文字</li></ul> <dl><dd>又称「字母文字」，有些学者认为是继形意文字搭意音文字之後人类文字史个第三個阶段，擔文字從複雜个圖樣中解放出來，衹以簡單个筆㓰來標音，而且泛用性高，可以套用在多數語言。字母文字个发展又分为三個时期： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="音节文字">音节字母</a>时期</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="辅音音素文字">辅音字母</a>时期</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全音素文字（页面弗存在）">音素字母</a>时期</li></ul> <dl><dd>有人认为，音素字母时期还可以再分出“拉丁字母国际通用时期”。</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>不过依现在个观点，侧重表意或侧重表音是文字个弗同发展方向。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基本術語"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E8.A1.93.E8.AA.9E"></span>基本術語</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：基本術語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/350px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="460" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/525px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/700px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="3807" /></a><figcaption>1728年个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%EF%BC%9B%E6%88%96%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E8%88%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="百科全書；或藝術與科學通用字典（页面弗存在）">百科全書；或藝術與科學通用字典</a>中，字形搭樣式个範本</figcaption></figure> <p>各種文字个研究已獨立發展相當長个一段辰光，葛咾有些術語个定義可能會隨領域或是文字而弗同。 </p><p>文字（text）一詞一般是指書面資料。編寫及記錄文字可稱爲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="寫作（页面弗存在）">寫作</a>，觀看及解釋文字个活動嚜稱爲<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB" title="阅读">閱讀</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正字法（页面弗存在）">正字法</a>是指<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a>系統个方式及規則，也包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拼音（页面弗存在）">拼音</a>个概念。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%8D" title="字位">字位</a>是寫作系統个一隻特殊基礎單位，是頂小个有意義元素。字位个概念類似語言中个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a>，譬如在使用拉丁字母个英文，字位包括廿六隻字母个<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%99" class="mw-disambig" title="大写">大寫</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%AF%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小寫（页面弗存在）">小寫</a>，一些<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="附加符号">附加符号</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯数字">阿拉伯數字</a>等。 </p><p>一隻字位可能會以弗同个方式表示，有些變化在視覺丄可以清楚个識別，但昰些弗同个表示方式仍對應同一隻字位，昰個稱爲字位个異形文字，類似語言學研究中个<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E5%BC%82%E9%9F%B3" title="同位异音">同位異音</a>。譬如小寫字母<b>a</b>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%86%99%E4%BD%93" title="手写体">手写体</a>及印刷體个字形都有所弗同。會選用个異形文字搭使用个媒介、寫作器具、寫作者个風格、前後文字个形狀、預期个讀者等有關。 </p><p>有辰光會<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="字形（页面弗存在）">字形</a>或字母之類个詞來表示字位。常見个用法也隨領域而弗同。比較<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪雅象形文字（页面弗存在）">瑪雅象形文字</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>，大部份書寫系統个字位是由直線（或筆㓰）所組成，因此稱爲「線性文字系統」，但也有字位弗由直線構成个「非線性文字系統」，像楔形文字及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%9E%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="點字（页面弗存在）">點字</a>。 </p><p>文字是搭對應个語言一様，是一種概念系统。若文字可以表達所有語言可以表示到个極致，葛末此文字可以稱爲「完整」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字类型"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B"></span>文字类型</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：文字类型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">类型</th> <th>每字位代表</th> <th>範例 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="语素文字">語素文字</a>（又稱“意音文字”）</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="语素">語素</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>、古<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E5%AD%97" title="彝字">彝字</a>咾啥个“字” </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="表音文字（页面弗存在）">表音文字</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="音节文字">音節文字</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音節</a></td> <td>日语<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假名（页面弗存在）">假名</a>、汉语<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女書（页面弗存在）">女書</a>、现代彝字咾啥个“字” </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拼音文字（页面弗存在）">拼音文字</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半音節文字（页面弗存在）">半音節文字</a></td> <td>介於<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音節</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="音素">音素</a>之間</td> <td>汉语<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="注音符号">注音符號</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊比利亞文字（页面弗存在）">伊比利亞文字</a>咾啥 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%99%84%E6%A0%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="元音附标文字">元音附標文字</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="音素">音素</a>（辅音及元音） </td> <td>印度<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文">天城文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%87" title="泰文">泰文</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="緬甸文（页面弗存在）">緬甸文</a>咾啥个“文” </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="辅音音素文字">輔音音素文字</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="音素">音素</a>（辅音）</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希伯来字母">希伯來字母</a>咾啥个“字母” </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全音素文字（页面弗存在）">全音素文字</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="音素">音素</a>（辅音或元音） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a>、斯拉夫语<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="基里尔字母">基里尔字母</a>咾啥个“字母” </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="语素文字"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>语素文字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：语素文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%97%A5-oracle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%E6%97%A5-oracle.svg/100px-%E6%97%A5-oracle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%E6%97%A5-oracle.svg/150px-%E6%97%A5-oracle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%E6%97%A5-oracle.svg/200px-%E6%97%A5-oracle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文">甲骨文</a>“日”</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="语素文字">语素文字</a></div></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="语素文字">語素文字</a>也稱爲表意文字是表示<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詞（页面弗存在）">詞</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="语素">語素</a>（語言个最小語義單位）个文字，一般來講可以分解爲字位，一隻字位代表一隻語素。語素文字个文字本身可能有表示聲音、意義或是形狀个部份。譬如<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a>儕屬於語素文字。 </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音節文字"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E7.AF.80.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>音節文字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：音節文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="音节文字">音節文字</a></div></dd></dl> <p>音節文字是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="表音文字（页面弗存在）">表音文字</a>个一種，是一套代表着用以构成<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="單詞">詞</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E6%8B%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音拍（页面弗存在）">音拍</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%8D" title="字位">字位</a>，一般一隻音节对应一隻字符。<sup id="cite_ref-ge2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ge2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>音節文字中个字位畀称为「<b>syllabogram」</b>，一般是由一隻<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>（弗是必须有）加上一隻在後个<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a>组合而成，譬如音节CV或V。有些<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="表音文字（页面弗存在）">表音文字</a>中，可以看到CVC个组合搭代表CV发音个字。代表有<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假名（页面弗存在）">假名</a>。像假名一樣並弗是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="音素">音素</a>个組合，各音節有獨自字位个音節文字，在世界丄也是相當稀少个。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拼音文字（或称音素文字）"><span id=".E6.8B.BC.E9.9F.B3.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.EF.BC.88.E6.88.96.E7.A7.B0.E9.9F.B3.E7.B4.A0.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.EF.BC.89"></span>拼音文字（或称音素文字）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：拼音文字（或称音素文字）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拼音文字（页面弗存在）">拼音文字</a></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="全音素文字"><span id=".E5.85.A8.E9.9F.B3.E7.B4.A0.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>全音素文字</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：全音素文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全音素文字（页面弗存在）">全音素文字</a></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="輔音音素文字"><span id=".E8.BC.94.E9.9F.B3.E9.9F.B3.E7.B4.A0.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>輔音音素文字</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：輔音音素文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg/100px-Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg/150px-Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg/200px-Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="151" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉伯文（页面弗存在）">阿拉伯文</a>屬於輔音音素文字</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="辅音音素文字">輔音音素文字</a></div></dd></dl> <p>輔音音素文字對每種辅音儕有一隻符號，元音符號通常弗標示。 </p><p>某些輔音音素文字有元音个符號，但衹用在特殊場合，如教學。 </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="元音附標文字"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3.E9.99.84.E6.A8.99.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>元音附標文字</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：元音附標文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%99%84%E6%A0%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="元音附标文字">元音附標文字</a></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="特徵文字"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E5.BE.B5.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>特徵文字</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：特徵文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="模糊个文字"><span id=".E6.A8.A1.E7.B3.8A.E4.B8.AA.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>模糊个文字</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：模糊个文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="盲文"><span id=".E7.9B.B2.E6.96.87"></span>盲文</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：盲文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文">盲文</a></div></dd></dl> <p>盲人使用个文字，透过特定工具在纸张上制作出弗同组合个凸点而组成。盲文个基本单位是长方形个盲符，有位置固定个六隻点，每隻点可以凸出或弗凸出，形成64种可能之表達方式。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字个圖像上分類"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E4.B8.AA.E5.9C.96.E5.83.8F.E4.B8.8A.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>文字个圖像上分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：文字个圖像上分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>作興咾，最主要以圖像上區別來分類个是<i>線條</i>。線條書寫系統是指字符由交關線條所組成，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>如果是用原子筆、毛筆或鑄刻垃青銅器上，則視爲是線性个。類似个，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃及象形文字（页面弗存在）">埃及象形文字</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪雅文字（页面弗存在）">瑪雅文字</a>咾通常是描繪線性外框，但在正式場合，佢拉雕刻在bas-relief中。另一方面，非線性系統嚜如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文">盲文</a>，弗論是用啥个材質，儕非由線條構成。最早个例子咾是線條个：公元前3300年个<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a>是線條个，雖然從佢衍生个<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a>弗是。 </p><p>楔形文字作興是最早个非線條文字。佢个字形是由蘆葦筆尖所壓制在潮溼泥板而成，而非之前在泥板上用筆尖描繪線條。最後變成其文字个字根外觀丄个變化。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文">盲文</a>嚜是拉丁文字个非線條版本，佢完全放棄脫拉丁文字个外形。字母是由凸塊所組成，其基底可以是皮革（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E2%80%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%90%8A%E8%91%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路易斯•布萊葉（页面弗存在）">路易斯•布萊葉</a>原本採用个材質），堅硬塑膠或金屬。 </p><p>也有得拉丁文字个非線條个短暫性版本，包含<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%94%B5%E7%A0%81" title="摩尔斯电码">摩爾斯電碼</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="手语">手語</a>个manual alphabet版本搭藉由旗幟或布條放置在弗同角度<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%97%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旗語（页面弗存在）">旗語</a>。然而，如果<i>文字</i>是定義成永久紀錄資訊个能力个言話，因爲昰些符號老快就會得消失，葛末昰些系統根本並非文字。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="書寫方向"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E5.AF.AB.E6.96.B9.E5.90.91"></span>書寫方向</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：書寫方向"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>文稿个一項特徵是佢拉書寫个方向。埃及聖書體可以任一方向橫寫，衹要動物或人个字形面向書寫佢拉个方向。早期个字母可以畀以交關方向書寫，包含横向（左至右或右至左）或縱向（上或下）。佢一般是用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E8%80%95%E5%BC%8F%E8%BD%89%E8%A1%8C%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛耕式轉行書寫法（页面弗存在）">牛耕式轉行書寫法</a>。由一隻（水平）方向開始，然後在一行結尾轉折以反方向書寫。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a>搭其後繼者嚜是左至右个模式，然後在一頁中由上往下寫。在Timed Text (TT) Authoring Format中，昰個模式畀簡稱爲LRTB<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其它文字，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉伯文字（页面弗存在）">阿拉伯文字</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯來語</a>則由右至左書寫。漢字傳統上是縱向書寫（上至下），接著在頁中由右至左排列。但近年來因爲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方文化（页面弗存在）">西方文化</a>个影響，爲仔能使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马字母">羅馬字母</a>个術語及電子文件个技術丄限制，乃末逐漸出現由左至右，上而下个方式書寫，但傳統寫法在臺灣仍然常見，甚至遷就於無法直寫，以「一字一行」方式，由右向左橫寫个書寫方式也尚未完全消失（譬如匾額）。[[回鹘文字母]搭其後繼者則是由上至下，左至右个文字；昰種方向源自於擔祖傳閃語方向90°<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A0%86%E6%99%82%E9%87%9D%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="順時針方向（页面弗存在）">逆時針方向</a>以便在外觀丄適合中文書寫。一些<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印度尼西亞">印度尼西亞</a>个文字，如哈努诺文，則是以遠離寫者方向，由下而上个方式書寫。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字列表"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>文字列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：文字列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="顶常见个几種文字"><span id=".E9.A1.B6.E5.B8.B8.E8.A7.81.E4.B8.AA.E5.87.A0.E7.A8.AE.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>顶常见个几種文字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：顶常见个几種文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>世界丄有文字个语言里，绝大多数儕是用以下文字形式写成个： </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>（除脫<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a>外），<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="撒哈拉沙漠">撒哈拉沙漠</a>以南），南北<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼">印尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a>）<br />几乎所有个非拉丁字母语言，儕有得拉丁字母<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="转写">转写</a>方式或采用拉丁字母个拼音系统</dd></dl></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="西亚">西亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰">伊斯兰</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="国家">国家</a></dd></dl></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="基里尔字母">基里尔字母</a></b> <dl><dd>受前苏联个影响<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="前苏联">前苏联</a>个一些加盟国也采用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫字母（页面弗存在）">斯拉夫字母</a>拼写语言，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a>（蒙古国在独立之前使用旧蒙文搭汉字，脱离中国後受前苏联个影响，开始排华废脫汉字个地位，也废弃脫属于蒙古文化个本国文字，擔本国语言使用西里尔字母称为“新蒙文”）</dd></dl></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" title="梵文">梵文</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度半岛（页面弗存在）">印度半岛</a>（除巴基斯坦外）个绝大多数<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="国家">国家</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="中南半岛">中南半岛</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a>）；</dd></dl></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字系统</a></b> </p> <dl><dd>汉字系统弗單包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>，还包括汉字个延展如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假名（页面弗存在）">假名</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%9A%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谚文（页面弗存在）">谚文</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中國">中國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛</a>）</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="别样文字"><span id=".E5.88.AB.E6.A0.B7.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>别样文字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：别样文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WritingSystemsoftheWorld.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/WritingSystemsoftheWorld.png/450px-WritingSystemsoftheWorld.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/WritingSystemsoftheWorld.png/675px-WritingSystemsoftheWorld.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/WritingSystemsoftheWorld.png/900px-WritingSystemsoftheWorld.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption>今日各类书写系统 <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#99cccc; background-color:#99cccc; color:#99cccc;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拼音（页面弗存在）">拼音</a>）</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#ccccff; background-color:#ccccff; color:#ccccff;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a>（拼音）</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#9a06fe; background-color:#9a06fe; color:#9a06fe;">    </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%9A%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谚文（页面弗存在）">谚文</a>（特殊拼音ic）</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#3166ce; background-color:#3166ce; color:#3166ce;">    </span> 其他字母</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#99ff99; background-color:#99ff99; color:#99ff99;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="辅音音素文字">辅音音素文字</a>）</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#389738; background-color:#389738; color:#389738;">    </span> 其他辅音音素文字</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#ee940a; background-color:#ee940a; color:#ee940a;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文">天城文</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%99%84%E6%A0%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="元音附标文字">元音附标文字</a>）</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#ffcc01; background-color:#ffcc01; color:#ffcc01;">    </span> 其他元音附标文字</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#ff4e4d; background-color:#ff4e4d; color:#ff4e4d;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="音节文字">音节文字</a></span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#ffff65; background-color:#ffff65; color:#ffff65;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Logogram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logogram（页面弗存在）">语素文字</a>）</span> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意音文字（页面弗存在）">意音文字</a> <ul><li>西夏字</li> <li>女真字</li> <li>契丹字</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="圣书体">圣书体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E9%9B%85%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛雅文字（页面弗存在）">玛雅文字</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="音节文字">音节文字</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假名（页面弗存在）">假名</a></li> <li>彝字</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%99%84%E6%A0%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="元音附标文字">元音附标文字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文">天城文</a></li> <li>泰文</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缅甸文（页面弗存在）">缅甸文</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="老挝文（页面弗存在）">老挝文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E6%96%87" title="高棉文">高棉文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印地文（页面弗存在）">印地文</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%89%E6%9B%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悉曇文字（页面弗存在）">悉曇文字</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="辅音音素文字">辅音音素文字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希伯来字母">希伯来字母</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全音素文字（页面弗存在）">全音素文字</a> <ul><li>希腊字母</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="亚美尼亚字母">亞美尼亞字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="格鲁吉亚字母">格鲁吉亚字母</a></li> <li>蒙古字母</li> <li>諺文字母</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%83%E6%8B%BF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="它拿字母（页面弗存在）">它拿字母</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字对人类个影响"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E5.AF.B9.E4.BA.BA.E7.B1.BB.E4.B8.AA.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>文字对人类个影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：文字对人类个影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>系統个語言使人于禽獸分離，而文字嚜使人步入文明社會。</li> <li>使歷史脫離了口傳身授个階段，得以記錄歷史，進入文明時代；</li> <li>文字个保留暗示仔永恒弗變个真理个存在，揭開了人追求真理个序幕；</li> <li>突破時間限制，後人可通過文字瞭解前人已取得之成就，人類个思想、文化弗會得失傳中斷，而文字使文明得以延續，文化得以累積；</li> <li>突破空間限制，弗同地區之人可通過文字系統轉譯進行交流；</li> <li>在文明社會中，文字作爲高效个信息傳播工具，大大提高了文化、思想、藝術、技術等人類文明个傳播速度搭效率。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" 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class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206093126/http://qkzz.net/article/f0596270-92b1-489b-bf97-7e3e67d283d8.htm">世界文字发展“三段论”</a>. Qkzz.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qkzz.net/article/f0596270-92b1-489b-bf97-7e3e67d283d8.htm">原始文档</a>勒2020-12-06存档. 访问日脚2014-04-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huayuqiao.org/Doc8800/8805.htm">人类文字个历史分期搭发展规律</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ge2002-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ge2002_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">葛本儀（2002）．語言學概論．五南圖書出版股份有限公司，356-357．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789571128511" title="Special:网络书源/9789571128511">ISBN 9789571128511</a>．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E8%AB%96&rft.au=%E8%91%9B%E6%9C%AC%E5%84%80&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft.pages=356-357&rft.isbn=9789571128511"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/">Timed Text (TT) Authoring Format</a>. 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