CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: fundamental period</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fundamental period"> <meta name="keywords" content="fundamental period"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="fundamental period" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fundamental period"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7313</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fundamental period</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7313</span> Seismic Base Shear Force Depending on Building Fundamental Period and Site Conditions: Deterministic Formulation and Probabilistic Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dorbani">S. Dorbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Badaoui"> M. Badaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Benouar"> D. Benouar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the building fundamental period of reinforced concrete buildings of (6, 9, and 12-storey), with different floor plans: Symmetric, mono-symmetric, and unsymmetric. These structures are erected at different epicentral distances. Using the Boumerdes, Algeria (2003) earthquake data, we focused primarily on the establishment of the deterministic formulation linking the base shear force to two parameters: The first one is the fundamental period that represents the numerical fingerprint of the structure, and the second one is the epicentral distance used to represent the impact of the earthquake on this force. In a second step, with a view to highlight the effect of uncertainty in these parameters on the analyzed response, these parameters are modeled as random variables with a log-normal distribution. The variability of the coefficients of variation of the chosen uncertain parameters, on the statistics on the seismic base shear force, showed that the effect of uncertainty on fundamental period on this force statistics is low compared to the epicentral distance uncertainty influence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20shear%20force" title="base shear force">base shear force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period" title=" fundamental period"> fundamental period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epicentral%20distance" title=" epicentral distance"> epicentral distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lognormal%20variables" title=" lognormal variables"> lognormal variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistics" title=" statistics"> statistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59431/seismic-base-shear-force-depending-on-building-fundamental-period-and-site-conditions-deterministic-formulation-and-probabilistic-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7312</span> An Approximate Formula for Calculating the Fundamental Mode Period of Vibration of Practical Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Hakim%20%20Chikho">Abdul Hakim Chikho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most international codes allow the use of an equivalent lateral load method for designing practical buildings to withstand earthquake actions. This method requires calculating an approximation to the fundamental mode period of vibrations of these buildings. Several empirical equations have been suggested to calculate approximations to the fundamental periods of different types of structures. Most of these equations are knowing to provide an only crude approximation to the required fundamental periods and repeating the calculation utilizing a more accurate formula is usually required. In this paper, a new formula to calculate a satisfactory approximation of the fundamental period of a practical building is proposed. This formula takes into account the mass and the stiffness of the building therefore, it is more logical than the conventional empirical equations. In order to verify the accuracy of the proposed formula, several examples have been solved. In these examples, calculating the fundamental mode periods of several farmed buildings utilizing the proposed formula and the conventional empirical equations has been accomplished. Comparing the obtained results with those obtained from a dynamic computer has shown that the proposed formula provides a more accurate estimation of the fundamental periods of practical buildings. Since the proposed method is still simple to use and requires only a minimum computing effort, it is believed to be ideally suited for design purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20mode%20period" title=" fundamental mode period"> fundamental mode period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137337/an-approximate-formula-for-calculating-the-fundamental-mode-period-of-vibration-of-practical-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7311</span> A Simple Approach for the Analysis of First Vibration Mode of Layered Soil Profiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haizhong%20Zhang">Haizhong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Gang%20Zhao"> Yan-Gang Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fundamental period, mode shape, and participation factor are important basic information for the understanding of earthquake response of ground. In this study, a simple approach is presented to calculate these basic information of layered soil profiles. To develop this method, closed form equations are derived for analysis of free vibration of layered soil profiles firstly, based on equilibrium between inertia and elastic forces. Then, by further associating with the Madera procedure developed for estimation of fundamental period, a simple method that can directly determine the fundamental period, mode shape and participation factor is proposed. The proposed approach can be conveniently implemented in simple spreadsheets and easily used by practicing engineers. In addition, the accuracy of the proposed approach is investigated by analyzing first vibration mode of 67 representative layered soil profiles, it is found that results by the proposed method agree very well with accurate results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20soil%20profile" title="layered soil profile">layered soil profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20vibration" title=" natural vibration"> natural vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period" title=" fundamental period"> fundamental period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20mode%20shape" title=" fundamental mode shape"> fundamental mode shape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75325/a-simple-approach-for-the-analysis-of-first-vibration-mode-of-layered-soil-profiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7310</span> Implied Fundamental Rights under Article 21 of the Constitution of India: Effects and Applicability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sathish%20Gowda">N. Sathish Gowda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A constitution without fundamental rights will become zero. The very object of constitution of three organs viz, legislature, executive and judiciary under the constitution of India is to protect, preserve and promote fundamental rights guaranteed under part-III. In India, along with express fundamental rights, Supreme Court has also recognized implied fundamental rights. But, unfortunately State has not been implementing these implied fundamental rights. In this regard, this research paper discusses the catalogue of implied fundamental rights evolved by the judiciary in interpreting Article 21 of the Constitution of India and seeks to examine the effects and applicability of these rights in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title="fundamental rights">fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuances%20of%20Article%2021" title=" nuances of Article 21"> nuances of Article 21</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=express%20fundamental%20rights" title=" express fundamental rights"> express fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implied%20fundamental%20rights" title=" implied fundamental rights"> implied fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedure%20established%20by%20law" title=" procedure established by law"> procedure established by law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9956/implied-fundamental-rights-under-article-21-of-the-constitution-of-india-effects-and-applicability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7309</span> Ambient Vibration Testing of Existing Buildings in Madinah</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20M.%20Alguhane">Tarek M. Alguhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20H.%20Khalil"> Ayman H. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Fayed"> M. N. Fayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20M.%20Ismail"> Ayman M. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The elastic period has a primary role in the seismic assessment of buildings. Reliable calculations and/or estimates of the fundamental frequency of a building and its site are essential during analysis and design process. Various code formulas based on empirical data are generally used to estimate the fundamental frequency of a structure. For existing structures, in addition to code formulas and available analytical tools such as modal analyses, various methods of testing including ambient and forced vibration testing procedures may be used to determine dynamic characteristics. In this study, the dynamic properties of the 32 buildings located in the Madinah of Saudi Arabia were identified using ambient motions recorded at several, spatially-distributed locations within each building. Ambient vibration measurements of buildings have been analyzed and the fundamental longitudinal and transverse periods for all tested buildings are presented. The fundamental mode of vibration has been compared in plots with codes formulae (Saudi Building Code, EC8, and UBC1997). The results indicate that measured periods of existing buildings are shorter than that given by most empirical code formulas. Recommendations are given based on the common design and construction practice in Madinah city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambient%20vibration" title="ambient vibration">ambient vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period" title=" fundamental period"> fundamental period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20buildings" title=" RC buildings"> RC buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infill%20walls" title=" infill walls"> infill walls</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27234/ambient-vibration-testing-of-existing-buildings-in-madinah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7308</span> Basic Properties of a Fundamental Particle: Behavioral-Physical and Visual Methods for the Study of Fundamental Particle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shukran%20M.%20Dadayev">Shukran M. Dadayev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To author's best knowledge, in this paper, the Basic Properties and Research methods of a Fundamental Particle is studied for the first time. That's to say, Fundamental Particle has not been discovered in the Nature yet. Because Fundamental Particle consists of specific Physical, Geometrical and Internal bases. Geometrical and Internal characteristics that are considered significant for the elementary and fundamental particles aren’t basic properties, characteristics or criteria of a Fundamental Particle. Of course, completely new Physical and Visual experimental methods of Quantum mechanics and Behavioral-Physical investigations of Particles are needed to study and discover the Fundamental Particle. These are new Physical, Visual and Behavioral-Physical experimental methods for describing and discovering the Fundamental Particle in the Nature and Microworld. Fundamental Particle consists of the same Energy-Mass-Motion system and a symmetry of Energy-Mass-Motion. Fundamental Particle supplies each of the elementary particles with the same Energy-Mass-Motion system at the same time and regulates each of the particles. Fundamental Particle gives Energy, Mass and Motion to each particles at the same time, each of the Particles consists of acquired Energy-Mass-Motion system and symmetry. Energy, Mass, Motion given by the Fundamental Particle to the particles are Symmetrical Equivalent and they remain in their primary shapes in all cases. Fundamental Particle gives Energy-Mass-Motion system and symmetry consisting of different measures and functions to each of the particles. The Motion given by the Fundamental Particle to the particles is Gravitation, Gravitational Interaction not only gives Motion, but also cause Motion by attracting. All Substances, Fields and Cosmic objects consist of Energy-Mass-Motion. The Field also includes specific Mass. They are always Energetic, Massive and Active. Fundamental Particle establishes the bases of the Nature. Supplement and Regulating of all the particles existing in the Nature belongs to Fundamental Particle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20properties%20of%20a%20fundamental%20particle" title="basic properties of a fundamental particle">basic properties of a fundamental particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral-physical%20and%20visual%20methods" title=" behavioral-physical and visual methods"> behavioral-physical and visual methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-mass-motion%20system%20and%20symmetrical%20equivalence" title=" energy-mass-motion system and symmetrical equivalence"> energy-mass-motion system and symmetrical equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20particle" title=" fundamental particle"> fundamental particle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94061/basic-properties-of-a-fundamental-particle-behavioral-physical-and-visual-methods-for-the-study-of-fundamental-particle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3725</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7307</span> Impact of Natural Period and Epicentral Distance on Storey Lateral Displacements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saida%20Dorbani">Saida Dorbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%27hammed%20Badaoui"> M'hammed Badaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djilali%20Benouar"> Djilali Benouar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the effect of the building design and epicentral distance on the storey lateral displacement, for several reinforced concrete buildings (6, 9 and 12 stories), with three floor plans: symmetric, mono symmetric, and unsymmetrical. These structures are subjected to seismic accelerations from the Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, May 21st, Mw=6.5). The objective of this study is to highlight the impact of the fundamental period and epicentral distance on storey displacements for a given earthquake. The seismic lateral displacement is carried out in both longitudinal and transverse direction by the response spectrum method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20period" title="natural period">natural period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epicenter%20distance" title=" epicenter distance"> epicenter distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20buildings" title=" reinforced concrete buildings"> reinforced concrete buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storey%20displacement" title=" storey displacement"> storey displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28064/impact-of-natural-period-and-epicentral-distance-on-storey-lateral-displacements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7306</span> Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Buildings: Field Challenges and Simplified Code Formulas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Soto%20Chalhoub">Michel Soto Chalhoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building code-related literature provides recommendations on normalizing approaches to the calculation of the dynamic properties of structures. Most building codes make a distinction among types of structural systems, construction material, and configuration through a numerical coefficient in the expression for the fundamental period. The period is then used in normalized response spectra to compute base shear. The typical parameter used in simplified code formulas for the fundamental period is overall building height raised to a power determined from analytical and experimental results. However, reinforced concrete buildings which constitute the majority of built space in less developed countries pose additional challenges to the ones built with homogeneous material such as steel, or with concrete under stricter quality control. In the present paper, the particularities of reinforced concrete buildings are explored and related to current methods of equivalent static analysis. A comparative study is presented between the Uniform Building Code, commonly used for buildings within and outside the USA, and data from the Middle East used to model 151 reinforced concrete buildings of varying number of bays, number of floors, overall building height, and individual story height. The fundamental period was calculated using eigenvalue matrix computation. The results were also used in a separate regression analysis where the computed period serves as dependent variable, while five building properties serve as independent variables. The statistical analysis shed light on important parameters that simplified code formulas need to account for including individual story height, overall building height, floor plan, number of bays, and concrete properties. Such inclusions are important for reinforced concrete buildings of special conditions due to the level of concrete damage, aging, or materials quality control during construction. Overall results of the present analysis show that simplified code formulas for fundamental period and base shear may be applied but they require revisions to account for multiple parameters. The conclusion above is confirmed by the analytical model where fundamental periods were computed using numerical techniques and eigenvalue solutions. This recommendation is particularly relevant to code upgrades in less developed countries where it is customary to adopt, and mildly adapt international codes. We also note the necessity of further research using empirical data from buildings in Lebanon that were subjected to severe damage due to impulse loading or accelerated aging. However, we excluded this study from the present paper and left it for future research as it has its own peculiarities and requires a different type of analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20behaviour" title="seismic behaviour">seismic behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simplified%20code%20formulas" title=" simplified code formulas"> simplified code formulas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20static%20analysis" title=" equivalent static analysis"> equivalent static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20shear" title=" base shear"> base shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20spectra" title=" response spectra"> response spectra</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7518/seismic-response-of-reinforced-concrete-buildings-field-challenges-and-simplified-code-formulas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7305</span> Seismic Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Myanmar, Based on Microtremor Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaing%20Su%20Su%20Than">Khaing Su Su Than</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hibino%20Yo"> Hibino Yo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seismic evaluation is needed upon the buildings in Myanmar. Microtremor measurement was conducted in the main cities, Mandalay and Yangon. In order to evaluate the seismic properties of buildings currently under construction, seismic information was gathered for six buildings in Yangon city and four buildings in Mandalay city. The investigated buildings vary from 12m-80 m in height, and mostly public residence structures. The predominant period obtained from frequency results of the investigated buildings were given by horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) for each building. The fundamental period results have been calculated in the form of Fourier amplitude spectra of translation along with the main structure. Based on that, the height (H)-period(T) relationship was observed as T=0.012H-0.017H in the buildings of Yangon and, observed the relationship as T=0.014H-0.019H in the buildings of Mandalay. The results showed that the relationship between height and natural period was slightly under the relationship T=0.02H that is used for Japanese reinforced concrete buildings, which indicated that the results depend on the properties and characteristics of materials used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVSR" title="HVSR">HVSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height-period%20relationship" title=" height-period relationship"> height-period relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtremor" title=" microtremor"> microtremor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myanmar%20earthquake" title=" Myanmar earthquake"> Myanmar earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20structures" title=" reinforced concrete structures"> reinforced concrete structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110356/seismic-evaluation-of-reinforced-concrete-buildings-in-myanmar-based-on-microtremor-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7304</span> Competitive Advantages of a Firm without Fundamental Technology: A Case Study of Sony, Casio and Nintendo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyohiro%20Yamazaki">Kiyohiro Yamazaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A purpose of this study is to examine how a firm without fundamental technology is able to gain the competitive advantage. This paper examines three case studies, Sony in the flat display TV industry, Casio in the digital camera industry and Nintendo in the home game machine industry. This paper maintain the firms without fundamental technology construct two advantages, economic advantage and organizational advantage. An economic advantage involves the firm can select either high-tech or cheap devices out of several device makers, and change the alternatives cheaply and quickly. In addition, organizational advantage means that a firm without fundamental technology is not restricted by organizational inertia and cognitive restraints, and exercises the characteristic of strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20without%20fundamental%20technology" title="firm without fundamental technology">firm without fundamental technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20advantage" title=" economic advantage"> economic advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20advantage" title=" organizational advantage"> organizational advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sony" title=" Sony"> Sony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Casio" title=" Casio"> Casio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nintendo" title=" Nintendo"> Nintendo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56971/competitive-advantages-of-a-firm-without-fundamental-technology-a-case-study-of-sony-casio-and-nintendo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7303</span> Evaluating The Effects of Fundamental Analysis on Earnings Per Share Concept in Stock Valuation in the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Basvi">Brian Basvi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A technique for analyzing a security's intrinsic value is called fundamental analysis. It involves looking at relevant financial, economic, and other qualitative and quantitative aspects. Earnings Per Share (EPS), a crucial metric in fundamental analysis, is calculated by dividing a company's net income by the total number of outstanding shares. With more than 70 listed businesses, the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) is the primary stock exchange in Zimbabwe. This study applies the EPS financial ratio and stock valuation techniques to historical stock data from 68 companies listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange. According to a ZSE study, EPS significantly affects share prices that are listed on the market. The study's objective was to assess how fundamental analysis affected the idea of EPS in ZSE stock valuation. It concluded that EPS is an important consideration for investors when they make judgments about their investments. According to the study's findings, fundamental analysis is a useful tool for ZSE investors since it offers insightful information about a company's financial performance and aids in decision-making. Investors can have a better understanding of a company's underlying worth and prospects for future growth by looking into EPS and other basic aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20analysis" title="fundamental analysis">fundamental analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20valuation" title=" stock valuation"> stock valuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPS" title=" EPS"> EPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=share%20pricing" title=" share pricing"> share pricing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188656/evaluating-the-effects-of-fundamental-analysis-on-earnings-per-share-concept-in-stock-valuation-in-the-zimbabwe-stock-exchange-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7302</span> The Standard of Reasonableness in Fundamental Rights Adjudication under the Indian Constitution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandita%20Narayan">Nandita Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In most constitutional democracies, courts have been the gatekeepers of fundamental rights. The task of determining whether a violation is in fact justified, therefore, is judicial. Any state action, legislative or administrative, has to be tested by the application of two standards – first, the action must be within the scope of the authority conferred by law and, second, it must be reasonable. If any action, within the scope of the authority conferred by law is found to be unreasonable, it will be struck down as unconstitutional or ultra vires. This paper seeks to analyse the varying standards of reasonableness adopted by the Supreme Court of India where there is a violation of fundamental rights by state action. This is sought to be done by scrutinising case laws and classifying the legality of the violation under one of three levels of judicial scrutiny—strict, intermediate, or weak. The paper concludes by proving that there is an irregularity in the standards adopted, thus resulting in undue discretionary power of the judiciary which strikes at the very concept of reasonableness and ultimately becomes arbitrary in nature. This conclusion is reached by the comparison of reasonableness review of fundamental rights in other jurisdictions such as the USA and Canada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20law" title="constitutional law">constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20review" title=" judicial review"> judicial review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasonableness" title=" reasonableness"> reasonableness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86499/the-standard-of-reasonableness-in-fundamental-rights-adjudication-under-the-indian-constitution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7301</span> Mechanism of Changing a Product Concept</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyohiro%20Yamazaki">Kiyohiro Yamazaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to examine the hypothesis explaining the mechanism in the case, where the product is deleted or reduced the fundamental function of the product through the product concept changes in the digital camera industry. This paper points out not owning the fundamental technology might cause the change of the product concept. Casio could create new competitive factor so that this paper discusses a possibility of the mechanism of changing the product concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20without%20fundamental%20technology" title="firm without fundamental technology">firm without fundamental technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20development" title=" product development"> product development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20concept" title=" product concept"> product concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20camera%20industry" title=" digital camera industry"> digital camera industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Casio" title=" Casio"> Casio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16190/mechanism-of-changing-a-product-concept" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7300</span> About the Number of Fundamental Physical Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20Angorsky">Andrey Angorsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the article an issue about the possible number of fundamental physical interactions is studied. The theory of similarity on the dimensionless quantity as the damping ratio serves as the instrument of analysis. The structure with the features of Higgs field comes out from non-commutative expression for this ratio. The experimentally checked up supposition about the nature of dark energy is spoken out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20ratio" title="damping ratio">damping ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20energy" title=" dark energy"> dark energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensionless%20quantity" title=" dimensionless quantity"> dimensionless quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20physical%20interactions" title=" fundamental physical interactions"> fundamental physical interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Higgs%20field" title=" Higgs field"> Higgs field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-commutative%20expression" title=" non-commutative expression"> non-commutative expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129144/about-the-number-of-fundamental-physical-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7299</span> Study of Changes in the Pulsation Period of Six Cepheid Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdel%20Sabour">Mohamed Abdel Sabour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Nouh"> Mohamed Nouh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Stevans"> Ian Stevans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20Elkholy"> Essam Elkholy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the period change of six Cepheids using 19376 accurate flux observations of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) onboard the Coriolis spacecraft. All observations for the six Cepheids have been derived as templates for each star, independent of the specific sites utilized to establish and update the O-C values. Sometimes, sinusoidal patterns are superimposed on the star's O-C changes, which cannot be regarded as random fluctuations in the pulsation period. Random period changes were detected and computed using Eddington's and Plakidis's approaches. A comparison of the observed and predicted period change reveals a good agreement with some published models and a very substantial divergence with others. Between the reported period change and that estimated by the current technique, a linear fit with a correlation coefficient of 90.08 percent was obtained. The temporal rate of period change in Cepheid stars might be connected to how well these stars' mass losses are known today. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cepheids" title="cepheids">cepheids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=period%20change" title=" period change"> period change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20loss" title=" mass loss"> mass loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O-C%20changes" title=" O-C changes"> O-C changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=period%20change" title=" period change"> period change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20loss" title=" mass loss"> mass loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O-C" title=" O-C"> O-C</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187496/study-of-changes-in-the-pulsation-period-of-six-cepheid-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7298</span> Vulnerability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Frames Based on Inelastic Spectral Displacement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Xu">Chao Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selecting ground motion intensity measures reasonably is one of the very important issues to affect the input ground motions selecting and the reliability of vulnerability analysis results. In this paper, inelastic spectral displacement is used as an alternative intensity measure to characterize the ground motion damage potential. The inelastic spectral displacement is calculated based modal pushover analysis and inelastic spectral displacement based incremental dynamic analysis is developed. Probability seismic demand analysis of a six story and an eleven story RC frame are carried out through cloud analysis and advanced incremental dynamic analysis. The sufficiency and efficiency of inelastic spectral displacement are investigated by means of regression and residual analysis, and compared with elastic spectral displacement. Vulnerability curves are developed based on inelastic spectral displacement. The study shows that inelastic spectral displacement reflects the impact of different frequency components with periods larger than fundamental period on inelastic structural response. The damage potential of ground motion on structures with fundamental period prolonging caused by structural soften can be caught by inelastic spectral displacement. To be compared with elastic spectral displacement, inelastic spectral displacement is a more sufficient and efficient intensity measure, which reduces the uncertainty of vulnerability analysis and the impact of input ground motion selection on vulnerability analysis result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title="vulnerability">vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20seismic%20demand%20analysis" title=" probability seismic demand analysis"> probability seismic demand analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20motion%20intensity%20measure" title=" ground motion intensity measure"> ground motion intensity measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sufficiency" title=" sufficiency"> sufficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inelastic%20time%20history%20analysis" title=" inelastic time history analysis"> inelastic time history analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48653/vulnerability-assessment-of-reinforced-concrete-frames-based-on-inelastic-spectral-displacement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7297</span> An Efficient Fundamental Matrix Estimation for Moving Object Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeongyu%20Choi">Yeongyu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju%20H.%20Park"> Ju H. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Lee"> S. M. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-Youl%20Jung"> Ho-Youl Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an improved method for estimating fundamental matrix is proposed. The method is applied effectively to monocular camera based moving object detection. The method consists of corner points detection, moving object’s motion estimation and fundamental matrix calculation. The corner points are obtained by using Harris corner detector, motions of moving objects is calculated from pyramidal Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm. Through epipolar geometry analysis using RANSAC, the fundamental matrix is calculated. In this method, we have improved the performances of moving object detection by using two threshold values that determine inlier or outlier. Through the simulations, we compare the performances with varying the two threshold values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corner%20detection" title="corner detection">corner detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20flow" title=" optical flow"> optical flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epipolar%20geometry" title=" epipolar geometry"> epipolar geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RANSAC" title=" RANSAC"> RANSAC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79103/an-efficient-fundamental-matrix-estimation-for-moving-object-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7296</span> Analyses of the Constitutional Identity in Hungary: A Case Study on the Concept of Constitutionalism and Legal Continuity in New Fundamental Law of Hungary </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsuzsanna%20Fejes">Zsuzsanna Fejes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the legal history of constitutionalism in Hungary, in focus of the democratic transitions in 1989-1990, describing the historical and political background of the changes and presenting the main and most important features of the new democracy, and institutional and legal orders. In Hungary the evolved political, economic and moral crisis prior to the constitutional years 2010-11 had been such a constitutional moment, which led to an opportune and unavoidable change at the same time. The Hungarian constitutional power intended to adopt a new constitution, which was competent to create a common constitutional identity and to express a national unity. The Hungarian Parliament on 18th April 2011 passed the New Fundamental Law. The new Fundamental Law rich in national values meant a new challenge for the academics, lawyers, and political scientists. Not only the classical political science, but also the constitutional law and theory have to struggle with the interpretation of the new declarations about national constitutional values in the Fundamental Law. The main features and structure of the new Fundamental Law will be analysed, and given a detailed interpretation of the Preamble as a declaration of constitutional values. During the examination of the Preamble shall be cleared up the components of Hungarian statehood and national unity, individual and common human rights, the practical and theoretical demand on national sovereignty, and the content and possibilities for the interpretation of the achievements of the historical Constitution. These scopes of problems will be presented during the examination of the text of National Avowal, as a preamble of the Fundamental Law. It is examined whether the Fundamental Law itself could be suitable and sufficient means to citizens of Hungary to express the ideas therein as their own, it will be analysed how could the national and European common traditions, values and principles stated in the Fundamental Law mean maintenance in Hungary’s participation in the European integration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20constitutional%20values" title="common constitutional values">common constitutional values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutionalism" title=" constitutionalism"> constitutionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20identity" title=" national identity"> national identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20sovereignty" title=" national sovereignty"> national sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20unity" title=" national unity"> national unity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statehood" title=" statehood"> statehood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48495/analyses-of-the-constitutional-identity-in-hungary-a-case-study-on-the-concept-of-constitutionalism-and-legal-continuity-in-new-fundamental-law-of-hungary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7295</span> A Study of Two Disease Models: With and Without Incubation Period</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20C.%20Chinwenyi">H. C. Chinwenyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20D.%20Ibrahim"> H. D. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Adekunle"> J. O. Adekunle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The incubation period is defined as the time from infection with a microorganism to development of symptoms. In this research, two disease models: one with incubation period and another without incubation period were studied. The study involves the use of a  mathematical model with a single incubation period. The test for the existence and stability of the disease free and the endemic equilibrium states for both models were carried out. The fourth order Runge-Kutta method was used to solve both models numerically. Finally, a computer program in MATLAB was developed to run the numerical experiments. From the results, we are able to show that the endemic equilibrium state of the model with incubation period is locally asymptotically stable whereas the endemic equilibrium state of the model without incubation period is unstable under certain conditions on the given model parameters. It was also established that the disease free equilibrium states of the model with and without incubation period are locally asymptotically stable. Furthermore, results from numerical experiments using empirical data obtained from Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) showed that the overall population of the infected people for the model with incubation period is higher than that without incubation period. We also established from the results obtained that as the transmission rate from susceptible to infected population increases, the peak values of the infected population for the model with incubation period decrease and are always less than those for the model without incubation period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotic%20stability" title="asymptotic stability">asymptotic stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hartman-Grobman%20stability%20criterion" title=" Hartman-Grobman stability criterion"> Hartman-Grobman stability criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incubation%20period" title=" incubation period"> incubation period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Routh-Hurwitz%20criterion" title=" Routh-Hurwitz criterion"> Routh-Hurwitz criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runge-Kutta%20method" title=" Runge-Kutta method"> Runge-Kutta method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92942/a-study-of-two-disease-models-with-and-without-incubation-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7294</span> Beak Size and Asynchronous Hatch in Broiler Chicks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Thimotheo">Mariana Thimotheo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Carvalho%20Ripamonte"> Gabriel Carvalho Ripamonte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20De%20Almeida%20Nogueira"> Marina De Almeida Nogueira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20Camila%20Da%20Costa%20Aguiar"> Silvia Camila Da Costa Aguiar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Henrique%20Santana%20Ulian"> Marcelo Henrique Santana Ulian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euclides%20Braga%20Malheiros"> Euclides Braga Malheiros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Cristina%20Boleli"> Isabel Cristina Boleli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Beak plays a fundamental role in the hatching process of the chicks, since it is used for internal and external pipping. The present study examined whether the size of the beak influences the birth period of the broiler chicks in the hatching window. It was analyzed the beak size (length, height and width) of one-hundred twenty nine newly hatched chicks from light eggs (56.22-61.05g) and one-hundred twenty six chicks from heavy eggs (64.95-70.90g), produced by 38 and 45 weeks old broiler breeders (Cobb 500®), respectively. Egg incubation occurred at 37.5°C and 60% RH, with egg turning every hour. Length, height and width of the beaks were measured using a digital caliper (Zaas precision - digital caliper 6", 0.01mm) and the data expressed in millimeters. The beak length corresponded to distance between the tip of the beak and the rictus. The height of the beak was measured in the region of the culmen and its width in the region of the nostrils. Data were analyzed following a 3x2 factorial experimental design, being three birth periods within the hatching window (early: 471.78 to 485.42h, intermediate: 485.43 to 512.27h, and late: 512.28 to 528.72h) and two egg weights (light and heavy). There was a significant interaction between birth period and egg weight for beak height (P < 0.05), which was higher in the intermediate chicks from heavy eggs than in the other chicks from the same egg weight and chicks from light eggs (P < 0.05), that did not differ (P > 0.05). The beak length was influenced only for a birth period, and decreased through the hatch window (early < intermediate < late) (P < 0.05). The width of the beaks was influenced by both main factors, birth period and egg weight (P < 0.05). Early and intermediate chicks had similar beak width, but greater than late chicks, and chicks from heavy eggs presented greater beak width than chicks from light eggs (P < 0.05). In sum, the results show that chicks with longer beak hatch first and that beak length is an important variable for hatch period determination mainly for light eggs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beak%20dimensions" title="beak dimensions">beak dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20weight" title=" egg weight"> egg weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hatching%20period" title=" hatching period"> hatching period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hatching%20window" title=" hatching window"> hatching window</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93974/beak-size-and-asynchronous-hatch-in-broiler-chicks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7293</span> Multi-Period Portfolio Optimization Using Predictive Machine Learning Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Liu">Peng Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chyng%20Wen%20Tee"> Chyng Wen Tee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofei%20Xu"> Xiaofei Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper integrates machine learning forecasting techniques into the multi-period portfolio optimization framework, enabling dynamic asset allocation based on multiple future periods. We explore both theoretical foundations and practical applications, employing diverse machine learning models for return forecasting. This comprehensive guide demonstrates the superiority of multi-period optimization over single-period approaches, particularly in risk mitigation through strategic rebalancing and enhanced market trend forecasting. Our goal is to promote wider adoption of multi-period optimization, providing insights that can significantly enhance the decision-making capabilities of practitioners and researchers alike. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-period%20portfolio%20optimization" title="multi-period portfolio optimization">multi-period portfolio optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=look-ahead%20constrained%20optimization" title=" look-ahead constrained optimization"> look-ahead constrained optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20decision%20making" title=" sequential decision making"> sequential decision making</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186542/multi-period-portfolio-optimization-using-predictive-machine-learning-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7292</span> Study υ_4 Fundamental Band of 12 CD4 Molecule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaarour%20Abdelkrim">Kaarour Abdelkrim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouardi%20Okkacha"> Ouardi Okkacha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meskine%20Mohamed"> Meskine Mohamed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the υ_4 fundamental band of 12CD4 molecule has been studied by infrared spectroscopy with high resolution. Using XTDS and SPEVIEW software and the tensor formalism developed by ICB (laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Bourgogne) to several lines have been assigned and fitted with a standard deviation acceptable. This analysis allowed us to calculate several parameters of the molecule 12 CD4. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XTDS" title="XTDS">XTDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPEVIEW" title=" SPEVIEW"> SPEVIEW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetrahedral%20tensorial%20formalism" title=" tetrahedral tensorial formalism"> tetrahedral tensorial formalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rovibrational%20band" title=" rovibrational band "> rovibrational band </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19575/study-i-4-fundamental-band-of-12-cd4-molecule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7291</span> From Linear to Nonlinear Deterrence: Deterrence for Rising Power</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Ghasemi">Farhad Ghasemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Along with transforming the international system into a complex and chaotic system, the fundamental question arises: how can deterrence be reconstructed conceptually and theoretically in this system model? The deterrence system is much more complex today than it was seven decades ago. This article suggests that the perception of deterrence as a linear system is a fundamental mistake because it does not consider the new dynamics of the international system, including network power dynamics. The author aims to improve this point by focusing on complexity and chaos theories, especially their nonlinearity and cascading failure principles. This article proposes that the perception of deterrence as a linear system is a fundamental mistake, as the new dynamics of the surrounding international system do not take into account. The author recognizes deterrence as a nonlinear system and introduces it as a concept in strategic studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title="complexity">complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20system" title=" international system"> international system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterrence" title=" deterrence"> deterrence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20deterrence" title=" linear deterrence"> linear deterrence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20deterrence" title=" nonlinear deterrence"> nonlinear deterrence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148226/from-linear-to-nonlinear-deterrence-deterrence-for-rising-power" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7290</span> Expansion and Consolidation of Islam in Iran to the End of Qajar Period </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashaq%20Hussain">Ashaq Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under Islam, for the first time since the Achaemenids, all Iranians including those of Central Asia and on the frontiers of India became united under one rule. Islam was rescued from a narrow Bedouin outlook and Bedouin mores primarily by the Iranians, who showed that Islam, both as a religion and, primarily, as a culture, need not be bound solely to the Arabic language and Arab norms of behavior. Instead Islam was to become a universal religion and culture open to all people. This was a fundamental contribution of the Iranians to Islam, although all Iranians had become Muslims by the time of the creation of Saljuq Empire. So, Iran in a sense provided the history, albeit an epic, of pre-Islamic times for Islam. After all, the Arabs conquered the entire Sasanian Empire, where they found full-scale, imperial models for the management of the new Caliphate, whereas only provinces of the Byzantine Empire were overrun by the Arabs. The present paper is an attempt to give reader a detailed introduction, emergence, expansion and spread of Islam in Iran to the end of Qajar period. It is in this context the present paper has been analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achaemenids" title=" Achaemenids"> Achaemenids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bedouin" title=" Bedouin"> Bedouin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Central%20Asia" title=" Central Asia"> Central Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran "> Iran </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15525/expansion-and-consolidation-of-islam-in-iran-to-the-end-of-qajar-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7289</span> Comparison of the Boundary Element Method and the Method of Fundamental Solutions for Analysis of Potential and Elasticity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zenhari">S. Zenhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Hematiyan"> M. R. Hematiyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khosravifard"> A. Khosravifard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Feizi"> M. R. Feizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The boundary element method (BEM) and the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) are well-known fundamental solution-based methods for solving a variety of problems. Both methods are boundary-type techniques and can provide accurate results. In comparison to the finite element method (FEM), which is a domain-type method, the BEM and the MFS need less manual effort to solve a problem. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy and reliability of the BEM and the MFS. This comparison is made for 2D potential and elasticity problems with different boundary and loading conditions. In the comparisons, both convex and concave domains are considered. Both linear and quadratic elements are employed for boundary element analysis of the examples. The discretization of the problem domain in the BEM, i.e., converting the boundary of the problem into boundary elements, is relatively simple; however, in the MFS, obtaining appropriate locations of collocation and source points needs more attention to obtain reliable solutions. The results obtained from the presented examples show that both methods lead to accurate solutions for convex domains, whereas the BEM is more suitable than the MFS for concave domains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20element%20method" title="boundary element method">boundary element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20of%20fundamental%20solutions" title=" method of fundamental solutions"> method of fundamental solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity" title=" elasticity"> elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20problem" title=" potential problem"> potential problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convex%20domain" title=" convex domain"> convex domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concave%20domain" title=" concave domain"> concave domain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163380/comparison-of-the-boundary-element-method-and-the-method-of-fundamental-solutions-for-analysis-of-potential-and-elasticity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7288</span> Applying Genetic Algorithm in Exchange Rate Models Determination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Rostamzadeh">Mehdi Rostamzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are an adaptive heuristic search algorithm premised on the evolutionary ideas of natural selection and genetic. In this study, we apply GAs for fundamental and technical models of exchange rate determination in exchange rate market. In this framework, we estimated absolute and relative purchasing power parity, Mundell-Fleming, sticky and flexible prices (monetary models), equilibrium exchange rate and portfolio balance model as fundamental models and Auto Regressive (AR), Moving Average (MA), Auto-Regressive with Moving Average (ARMA) and Mean Reversion (MR) as technical models for Iranian Rial against European Union’s Euro using monthly data from January 1992 to December 2014. Then, we put these models into the genetic algorithm system for measuring their optimal weight for each model. These optimal weights have been measured according to four criteria i.e. R-Squared (R2), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE).Based on obtained Results, it seems that for explaining of Iranian Rial against EU Euro exchange rate behavior, fundamental models are better than technical models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title="exchange rate">exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20models" title=" fundamental models"> fundamental models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20models" title=" technical models"> technical models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47210/applying-genetic-algorithm-in-exchange-rate-models-determination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7287</span> Using the Simple Fixed Rate Approach to Solve Economic Lot Scheduling Problem under the Basic Period Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Jen%20Chang">Yu-Jen Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Chen"> Yun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hei-Lam%20Wong"> Hei-Lam Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Economic Lot Scheduling Problem (ELSP) is a valuable mathematical model that can support decision-makers to make scheduling decisions. The basic period approach is effective for solving the ELSP. The assumption for applying the basic period approach is that a product must use its maximum production rate to be produced. However, a product can lower its production rate to reduce the average total cost when a facility has extra idle time. The past researches discussed how a product adjusts its production rate under the common cycle approach. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have addressed how a product lowers its production rate under the basic period approach. This research is the first paper to discuss this topic. The research develops a simple fixed rate approach that adjusts the production rate of a product under the basic period approach to solve the ELSP. Our numerical example shows our approach can find a better solution than the traditional basic period approach. Our mathematical model that applies the fixed rate approach under the basic period approach can serve as a reference for other related researches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20lot" title="economic lot">economic lot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20period" title=" basic period"> basic period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20rate" title=" fixed rate"> fixed rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28582/using-the-simple-fixed-rate-approach-to-solve-economic-lot-scheduling-problem-under-the-basic-period-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7286</span> An Artistic Study of Three Rare Tennded Copper Dishes from the Mamluk Circassian Period (784- 923 AH/ 1382- 1517 CE)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20Mokhtar%20Mohamed%20Ahmed">Tamer Mokhtar Mohamed Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The metalwork industry during the Mamluk period received the attention and care of the sultans and princes, thus helping in the prosperity of this industry during this period. We are fortunate that a huge number of metal artifacts from the industry of Egypt and Syria of this period have come down to us, many of which are preserved in Egyptian and international museums as well as private collections. Characterized by great diversity in its forms, sizes and functions, including the decorative designs executed on them, the artifacts reflected the extent of artistic creativity that characterized the arts in the two Mamluk period. This research paper aims to study three copper dishes from the Mamluk Circassian period and the rare documentary texts on them that have not been previously studied. These dishes date back to different decades from the 9th AH/15 AD century. One of them bears the name of Sultan Al-Muayyad Shaikh, and the second is the name of one of the great Mamluk princes in the Mamluk Circassian period, Prince Yashbak min Mahdi. The third dish is attributed to Prince Jan Balat Al-Ashrafie. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metalwork" title="metalwork">metalwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dishes" title=" dishes"> dishes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decorative" title=" decorative"> decorative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calligraphy" title=" calligraphy"> calligraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamluk%20Arts" title=" Mamluk Arts"> Mamluk Arts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167273/an-artistic-study-of-three-rare-tennded-copper-dishes-from-the-mamluk-circassian-period-784-923-ah-1382-1517-ce" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7285</span> An Investigation on Climate Responsive Design Strategies of Apartment Buildings in Athens of the Period 1920-1960s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angeliki%20Chronopoulou">Angeliki Chronopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Alexandrou"> Eleni Alexandrou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper thoroughly investigates residential buildings of the period 1920 – 1960 in Athens and evaluates their bioclimatic response and energy performance. A methodology adapted to the specific context of the city is proposed and applied in order to assess and extract results related to the climate analysis of the city of Athens, the general/architectural design and construction characteristics of the apartment buildings constructed during the period 1920 – 1960, the bioclimatic strategies applied on them, and the achieved thermal comfort based on questionnaires answered by their users. The results of the current study indicate that the residential architecture of that period in the city of Athens is adapted to an extend to the local climate with various climate responsive strategies. As an outcome of the analysis, the most frequently applied depending on the period of construction are presented. For this reason, the examined period is divided into 3 sub – periods: 1st period 1920s – 1930s (late neoclassicism & eclecticism), 2nd period 1930s – 1940s (modernism), 3rd period 1940s – 1960s (postwar modernism). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20design%20strategies" title=" climatic design strategies"> climatic design strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20war%20and%20post%20war%20architecture" title=" middle war and post war architecture"> middle war and post war architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152111/an-investigation-on-climate-responsive-design-strategies-of-apartment-buildings-in-athens-of-the-period-1920-1960s" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7284</span> Solitons and Universes with Acceleration Driven by Bulk Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Amaro%20de%20Faria%20Jr">A. C. Amaro de Faria Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Canone"> A. M. Canone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering a scenario where our universe is taken as a 3d domain wall embedded in a 5d dimensional Minkowski space-time, we explore the existence of a richer class of solitonic solutions and their consequences for accelerating universes driven by collisions of bulk particle excitations with the walls. In particular it is shown that some of these solutions should play a fundamental role at the beginning of the expansion process. We present some of these solutions in cosmological scenarios that can be applied to models that describe the inflationary period of the Universe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solitons" title="solitons">solitons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20defects" title=" topological defects"> topological defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branes" title=" branes"> branes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinks" title=" kinks"> kinks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerating%20universes%20in%20brane%20scenarios" title=" accelerating universes in brane scenarios"> accelerating universes in brane scenarios</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111907/solitons-and-universes-with-acceleration-driven-by-bulk-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=243">243</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=244">244</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20period&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>