CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133cc94dee1fd38',cH: 'w1PWPkcrgVm3aD57qvQMhQhYpYZcLXZSDjnOgyrx6V4-1739774564-1.2.1.1-pjAWvN4Rhu7xgGgutCeJ8cOmJZx0p6ZRlGwcyiIh0CAtMxfZlbBLcOTEYaVnQqT0',cUPMDTk: "\/15187\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=GuuAH7UPwa4a4viUTrZG1mHtYdpKERLybi9sQQkDpqE-1739774564-1.0.1.1-x5pwngyT2G.BZUbkKHghM1xmpnzz4ayVPoomlSFtyr4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739774564',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/15187\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=GuuAH7UPwa4a4viUTrZG1mHtYdpKERLybi9sQQkDpqE-1739774564-1.0.1.1-x5pwngyT2G.BZUbkKHghM1xmpnzz4ayVPoomlSFtyr4",md: "g6kID0pKs95OiByg0ivN.y2CBavrjde4SsVaOoojFjE-1739774564-1.2.1.1-HDy5TcZYehwrK82ibdvMfQbjiuniXf1CEJrcbxweJuLRm3aXScYtX3m1PCQNvyU8yz1m7AAQRlfb_RPbuq7ufpRBanO8VUl4pt63WaPnMCIYs87Hv25wOr_sPe01Mh8870KfdeTRBkHOhzDeyPBA8ByC4vU3DjUEjfnVHKp.1CXHnrM27SVDIRVUDVwzb4VK7OGE31_Jy2ADJdUSt9vGnFDIzGpGWbOX.OHGFgx9jyQTmkHPIMRqitYGoiP3K4EK6Pe7rR10Wggb4VMuUG2bken5hR2oZtwRTtaXuY8dIJnkr1nShe9nyzm_V0pgwXndU7D0lEPTgb9inlTJEz9GMIs67FWsQvZJkgWJ5W5rivT3Qm6X.AG.IgocjoZULw3OxXQt4n0_8uzGAClgyxUrIVDb3CSQCqiDxij4.0WbIsRJGnMegphtawhGqFGPL_vVadkdxpeN8fl5WswWkctERje4OIT4s6eoXmbSa.HxFiiWRmb7Cd5DtuNstcWC6zGd_VPtnur9TrxUBmajUaN1kPaSxngZECkKYwFpuWSGYrGUHFo3CPqt1OBzU8FGGQ4LWWLTv4BlYcYOK4JVg0mTd36wYAcVa1HBGLgLjJqfFoTDq2NZVG8Q5HrlGrryNc5cYlZ.EA9BLoplv_cA8CO_kwlgbMaYZ27tn8qq3qSo.FMz4XiQUojSoSnCTtPxLj.tLt1npCu0ja.HKsoWl_ox3_MJeaMnXGmaHYFKOGTr00B7p0HiedVDSYE5JfJBJwVm1R4VIfEzdCZ.RvnbdbyFU0cdWTV8WoLFfrgsuX5TZOnDOyxRoDRVYib1j4aY_a_vtiuUbVnaKqNVVUiU0N7Nbpow5usU3KM5llsv72QY3zi7_HONJd15fcjviVY8dsYsR5yMdXqVPRcC8ro.rXqEGI354HMX6OA_xT5S0bh1zKjUCCBl9gVeOVj1hoDsSDM9CVLrIT4q.2hwH4pf7fu.j9OhgPx9yMGj9ng2h_y32NSR63HiwemSrfLKwAMdMUvbAByDOnLA5MlTP8ToC4Dw6P802eA7sWLNpy1IBQYtNjlVgVjkVTLdEOy8DLIJw4DWBtcJ8tlgLNnfdeFvOqsNLfNC6UJR4UZuXk9EnfVsaB_rhQkeS28PszbDFrj5AOrh2uyXterv7_LYPZ7.TfeC7zi_4muOwx4pEXS5GCYs1WtaciraeVBtDYqzXoiJU2QX_DTR2Qan.J_v0sg.BGKZOFke6spyTeTumi07lAYsh.BN.GqkeIPKsuREsE14JlKBrsNlhjumUJyWzycIH.lR5ljU5.WWQped2Fau3s4YmcCfZQdXrDfXOjqqbTcBQU_6LKusq2pP5cXv02x5yR3ca8GLmlnxtp7p7Ld2wwgduoLUvYIaHzE9prIOeu1vpg.azRgFl9COeqPP4CXTC6Zeyv3oRKVCrjxwOWW7ZHc3wSv8k2nZUOU4MSEM5XPDl6UNB9.yFSvLo_oZZ5w_sxyGLwKD.Ppp3qnN89iAGY8RSuvHyqVtqTe5FbzBPRYaXODSo4sG5EXvgchNS2tE1YtIJy84DBpXZdJQ3uYodripinlTMPrIfNX0dZNWqbt0IMvuDWESvOA52ArWkbjoPUHpfEbnwpamdLu3nH3T_uDqpA3vw5D2o5_J.UPnXcy3GKFIYSy9EFYvW2iFilN_Hin_0sox14paf5TGfp11aQxJNN83FrJCUSHi23uZTM3By_g7vJ7ugdiBGKoc37S_nGEiPq856aPA00Tt2gJwwgVGi3jQgD3CFmH0tsjwOrCBM5CrMOKjcPnBR_dqpOh2reN9KbWyDjJ9BPkAwiGQOvEPeDoBXp4QP1huZqH7oTQgJZGOeXbRW3juAEfw.LIXseLny0XQ.A0_9O9ZM5AZ6fBMObk",mdrd: "gyF2GJURPC8yzNgcSAXksVgn1THK94.7QunvQZuNKH4-1739774564-1.2.1.1-vngAhsDhYLMMUn.TwvvNDOsW57BGwzpU3wrXTGxHxpnq.w8r2wPsFl43_yjYbP9EU0SMzTTCPgsObZBn1Yht0KVhWA8ukrh6SsgCWzJR7oX4YtVHz_FNzXCAuXp.ONksqFbmWnZFGEnxgkblDqtnJzpFwTwa9ae3s57VEl_fEvezyYhyWjS9Sey_SUdYksjQJI.QMKaMdRG2VXO.jE._4MguWuHdodZVQc0tOlByzjRKVn4.z2Ptj5.9_IqJVu7r119EhkNeDxhEK_AsDsMrgBJmJ9C0lEQV1t1BgkPmK.GVC8JBXcIpiMfa1WcTtwq1Ms2fXqgaZtdYfdveilnY_QPEDk.QG6BUSxh1eeOzIKuuVGg5s6bqgj8JM3bEZdtr5b808tK7Z.gwlOP2NCwQvUCrHtz6CNwV9vITCr7j7MJPAXEovVEyfG5Fk1FC6XBrejuKUxWAd3Wzyi4UzqQMYGDVnwH.g0GFbMDrOorTdNMP9zuaLHYWhl0KqRga8lyyYXjTQ4uKbjmaH_0W98m4CDtZ7_jK4mu4mpFMEaYR9_paOJTrJCxQgwbtaokxxc5zhwwgyXp0FMouoC.Lhvkmyo2Qxdd2IZoZg6gsedMSzNPtfWaSoNHYrzJpFRnNhUcE.k5jlx6mwiDLwFeopt1vHYz.YW8R7D7aydPenzrgFQBEe8Mton45JFG4I33kH5UpZ3IC350e6C2psz_0BFgPGlJWwzHXe2tWb.QdEjf2f.ewTCkzCbdCtMNkdgit2RqeTRlZvxdZ4w0LgwNAVA_fbUpb1tIitnuKgji4QXY7Dc82jkEQ8tDYTwD.VQNKVkh2WL3B0ZuuTWc5h8Vl1C5vLGg2hRmGYplJKrBtw35kpVybPjcYeaZ_egHkUNlUnuWCQ5GTAHByBv3PLwELvI0VBctDjXYagOQl9v.3ORhQoR1xNJHW..r9ZFYV_9y__PTxqUjmwMewMF25TVoUvkYRUKP9Z8MxMGQxv6ayMdfn93svygc2rQGil3a.pavARuDIPWtPAuorySClAo1cEBQBoRjT2sU5u0bGJTJ.ZaWLuF7gMvHrryvbBbn8ZBNV9cGDUACcl8_TZfH.NSxvjXW065iXPS7ZavIVErcYWTuRxIbGalw8QUFcBtteYakfulNboq2oIjHXf9ptbyr2L0N6aj2oZBfROcSm_lVdH.VGjQ6.6rxgii4lvxlkqckTQbksGBOlzs_5NNXx4TB3otcRaUVMkHEqxJzdDdK_UIVbkeR.cGtGjI9uMR1MVaanVNcyWoJox.So3YqylrSu1fsbrWIXZKTZR3EzFXENS4NJfIMqMvdVwo4DdaFANi3dqDvVvLtFTKfAWPBbwxvZKnjh5tDnjuqoco2B9EKZbo0QAJyBPGGNn3Yr03I5iaVGLdx0siRnr42eJSjckR2oX1H9_mc7KHTahUZ3xbXM3aiMOeQHAaF.E_NC17iEWdl8ls2ATtX74MXRFjkiUxXugsStbK.Xk_KE6_wq9Cp.C691FWTak6YA6n41m5rI_VmWoJrc2T_XDmQK4Tcxb3T.PFrz59RwHG8lYwdRlNmZJq1rhz1a.iwoJmUUZ7fw7A1MvrFWiJS7tzKVmxGxqUXRdzkQr2elhP53MtlqtXH6dC9UuF3ihUe3.mICgMC7lKHbygGVS7zYroEwSAB3fP2U0ATq5sdX6OLKtQnyyq28jBNw1HY90SoJuJY_skcDN4XWWV72AZkTXJBObR7ojNhHk1220_gkXWlf3iPv5OL0IFI.Fq.MqfwVn_wAPXQ40RssIC6QpCe8IlvRJxjImqBMARsfkGPlqDyxCNzFPgDS.AqqTLZYdLgIphkKmQHMWCalcmOC3H4tWmieTcznC7q5u7GSiDLoSGEIR1MQ0EUBfKc2qgO9R_FB1LBdTVMmlq9KIuiLpWTWmlAALnY7X_mGMyAr4j7M5CWULGu91xoyrL5adCypodjCeidA.6We8aO7rLDUC3oWYaHC0KUEcFBYqRHjog"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133cc94dee1fd38';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/15187\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=GuuAH7UPwa4a4viUTrZG1mHtYdpKERLybi9sQQkDpqE-1739774564-1.0.1.1-x5pwngyT2G.BZUbkKHghM1xmpnzz4ayVPoomlSFtyr4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>