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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Mudra" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Mudra" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Voorkomen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorkomen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Voorkomen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorkomen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yoga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yoga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Yoga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yoga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overige_toepassing_van_mudra's" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overige_toepassing_van_mudra's"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Overige toepassing van mudra's</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overige_toepassing_van_mudra's-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indiase_dans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indiase_dans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Indiase dans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indiase_dans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boeddhisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boeddhisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Boeddhisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boeddhisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balinese_dans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balinese_dans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Balinese dans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balinese_dans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mudra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 52 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="المودرا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المودرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мудра – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мудра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE)" title="মুদ্রা (ভঙ্গিমা) – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুদ্রা (ভঙ্গিমা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwdra" title="Mwdra – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mwdra" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مودرا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مودرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מודרה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מודרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE)" title="मुद्रा (भाव भंगिमा) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुद्रा (भाव भंगिमा)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudr%C3%A1" title="Mudrá – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mudrá" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudr%C4%81" title="Mudrā – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mudrā" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%9B%B8" title="印相 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="印相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მუდრა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუდრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мудра – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мудра" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6" title="មុទ្រា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មុទ្រា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86_(%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE)" title="ಮುದ್ರೆ (ಭಾರತೀಯ ಧರ್ಮ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುದ್ರೆ (ಭಾರತೀಯ ಧರ್ಮ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%83%81_(%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90)" title="인상 (종교) – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인상 (종교)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="മുദ്ര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുദ്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="गौतम बुद्धांच्या १० हस्त मुद्रा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गौतम बुद्धांच्या १० हस्त मुद्रा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC" title="မုဒြာ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မုဒြာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudr%C4%81" title="Mudrā – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mudrā" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_(%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE)" title="ମୁଦ୍ରା (ପୂଜା) – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମୁଦ୍ରା (ପୂଜା)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мудра – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мудра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudr%C3%A1" title="Mudrá – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mudrá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мудра – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мудра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="முத்திரை (பரதநாட்டியம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முத்திரை (பரதநாட்டியம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="ముద్ర – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముద్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="มุทรา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุทรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мудра – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мудра" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мудра – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мудра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%E1%BA%A5n" title="Thủ ấn – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủ ấn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%8D%B0" title="手印 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="手印" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208030#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Mudra" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > 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versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mudra"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Mudra" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Mudra" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&oldid=66841535" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Mudra&id=66841535&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMudra"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMudra"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mudra"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mudra&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mudra" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208030" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Thai_wai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Thai_wai.jpg/260px-Thai_wai.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Thai_wai.jpg/390px-Thai_wai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Thai_wai.jpg/520px-Thai_wai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="1018" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Namast%C3%A9" title="Namasté">Namasté</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mudra</b> (letterlijke betekenis <i>zegel</i> of <i><a href="/wiki/Gebaar" title="Gebaar">gebaar</a></i>) is een term uit de <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiase</a> cultuur waarmee een symbolische houding van de hand wordt bedoeld of een <a href="/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst">artistieke</a> <a href="/wiki/Religie" title="Religie">religieuze</a> beeltenis, zoals een <a href="/wiki/Schilderij" title="Schilderij">schilderij</a> of een <a href="/wiki/Beeldhouwkunst" title="Beeldhouwkunst">sculptuur</a> van een heilige. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorkomen">Voorkomen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorkomen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorkomen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mudra's worden beschreven in oude Indische teksten zoals de <a href="/wiki/Veda%27s" title="Veda's">Veda's</a>. In Indiase en <a href="/wiki/Balinese_dans" title="Balinese dans">Balinese dansen</a> kan het ook meerdere delen van het lichaam omvatten. Mudra’s zijn inmiddels in heel Azië terug te vinden in het hindoeïsme, boeddhisme, taoïsme en shintoïsme. </p><p>Er bestaat een belangrijk aantal mudra's die worden uitgevoerd met slechts een of beide handen die gebruikt worden om een bepaald gevoel of situatie uit te drukken. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:TheBuddhaAndVajrapaniGandhara2ndCentury.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="De mudra's op deze beelden uit de tweede eeuw zijn vernietigd"><img alt="De mudra's op deze beelden uit de tweede eeuw zijn vernietigd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/TheBuddhaAndVajrapaniGandhara2ndCentury.jpg/117px-TheBuddhaAndVajrapaniGandhara2ndCentury.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/TheBuddhaAndVajrapaniGandhara2ndCentury.jpg/176px-TheBuddhaAndVajrapaniGandhara2ndCentury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/TheBuddhaAndVajrapaniGandhara2ndCentury.jpg/234px-TheBuddhaAndVajrapaniGandhara2ndCentury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="2677" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">De mudra's op deze beelden uit de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_eeuw" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweede eeuw">tweede eeuw</a> zijn vernietigd</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Fingerjoga3066.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jnana mudra"><img alt="Jnana mudra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fingerjoga3066.jpg/120px-Fingerjoga3066.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fingerjoga3066.jpg/180px-Fingerjoga3066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fingerjoga3066.jpg/240px-Fingerjoga3066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jnana mudra</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yoga">Yoga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Yoga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Yoga"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Three_saddhus_at_Kathmandu_Durbar_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Three_saddhus_at_Kathmandu_Durbar_Square.jpg/260px-Three_saddhus_at_Kathmandu_Durbar_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Three_saddhus_at_Kathmandu_Durbar_Square.jpg/390px-Three_saddhus_at_Kathmandu_Durbar_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Three_saddhus_at_Kathmandu_Durbar_Square.jpg/520px-Three_saddhus_at_Kathmandu_Durbar_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="2388" /></a><figcaption>Drie <a href="/wiki/Sadhoe" title="Sadhoe">sadhoes</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg/260px-Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg/390px-Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg/520px-Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Sadhoe in <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_(stad)" title="Kathmandu (stad)">Kathmandu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Een mudra is een bepaalde houding van de hand die van dienst is tijdens het uitvoeren van <a href="/wiki/Meditatie" title="Meditatie">meditatie</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">pranayama</a>. Soms is het nut van een mudra, dat de concentratie beter vastgehouden kan worden. </p><p>Een <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a> verklaart dit in het beter doorstromen van de <a href="/wiki/Prana_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prana (hindoeïsme)">prana-energie</a> tussen de ene en de andere vingers, zoals in de <a href="/wiki/Jnana_mudra" title="Jnana mudra">jnana mudra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yoni_mudra" title="Yoni mudra">yoni mudra</a>. Op andere momenten is een mudra puur praktisch van nut aangezien de vingers dan een neusgat afsluiten wanneer het de bedoeling is dat er door het andere neusgat ingeademd wordt. </p><p>Het kan alleen een houding van een of beide handen zijn, waarbij de mudra's voornamelijk worden beoefend tijdens het <a href="/wiki/Meditatie" title="Meditatie">mediteren</a>. Voorbeelden zijn de <a href="/wiki/Ahamkara_mudra" title="Ahamkara mudra">ahamkara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhi_mudra" title="Buddhi mudra">buddhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cup_mudra" title="Cup mudra">cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gomukha_mudra" title="Gomukha mudra">gomukha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jnana_mudra" title="Jnana mudra">jnana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namast%C3%A9" title="Namasté">namasté</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohm_mudra" title="Ohm mudra">ohm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_mudra" title="Prithvi mudra">prithvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanti_mudra" title="Shanti mudra">shanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiva_mudra" title="Shiva mudra">shiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishnu_mudra" title="Vishnu mudra">vishnu</a> en <a href="/wiki/Yoni_mudra" title="Yoni mudra">yoni mudra</a>. Volgens de yogaleer stroomt er prana uit de vingertoppen die van de ene naar de andere vinger geleid kan worden, door de vingers tegen elkaar aan te houden. De vijf vingers hebben een verschillende betekenis: </p> <ul><li><b>Duim</b>: de <a href="/wiki/Duim_(vinger)" title="Duim (vinger)">duim</a> staat voor de <a href="/wiki/God_(algemeen)" title="God (algemeen)">goddelijke</a> energie. Het is het symbool voor wilskracht dat niet geconditioneerd is door <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a>.</li> <li><b>Wijsvinger</b>: de <a href="/wiki/Wijsvinger" title="Wijsvinger">wijsvinger</a> wordt in verband gebracht met <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(planeet)" title="Jupiter (planeet)">Jupiter</a> en staat symbool voor het <a href="/wiki/Ich" title="Ich">ego</a> en expansie. De energieën zouden worden beheerst door onbewuste patronen.</li> <li><b>Middelvinger</b>: de <a href="/wiki/Middelvinger" title="Middelvinger">middelvinger</a> symboliseert de kracht van <a href="/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)" title="Saturnus (planeet)">Saturnus</a>. Door deze vinger zou het meest door <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a> geconditioneerde energie stromen en wordt daarom alleen gebruikt voor mudra's waarvoor sterke stabiliserende krachten nodig zijn.</li> <li><b>Ringvinger</b>: de <a href="/wiki/Ringvinger" title="Ringvinger">ringvinger</a> symboliseert de energieën van de <a href="/wiki/Zon" title="Zon">zon</a> die betrekking hebben op de kracht van een individu.</li> <li><b>Pink</b>: de <a href="/wiki/Pink_(vinger)" title="Pink (vinger)">pink</a> wordt geassocieerd met <a href="/wiki/Mercurius_(planeet)" title="Mercurius (planeet)">Mercurius</a> en wordt gerelateerd aan het ontwikkelen van het <a href="/wiki/Intelligentie" title="Intelligentie">intellect</a> en <a href="/wiki/Handel_(economie)" title="Handel (economie)">zaken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kriyananda_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kriyananda-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overige_toepassing_van_mudra's"><span id="Overige_toepassing_van_mudra.27s"></span>Overige toepassing van mudra's</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Overige toepassing van mudra's" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Overige toepassing van mudra's"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jin Shin Jyutsu is een geneeskunst die is herontdekt door de Japanse ingenieur Jiro Murai (1886-1960). Murai mediteerde in 1912 dagenlang op acht mudra's voor zijn genezing van een levensbedreigende ziekte. Na zijn genezing ging hij de werking van deze mudra's bestuderen en ontdekte hij Jin Shin Jyutsu, een geneeskunst waarmee hij zelfs de Japanse keizer mocht behandelen. De acht mudra's zijn voor het eerst gepubliceerd als zelfhulp in Tekst I van zijn leerling Mary Burmeister (1918-2008).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kuji-In is een ritueel van mudra's uit het Japanse boeddhisme dat is ontstaan in China, Tibet en India. Het gehele Kuji-In -ritueel omvat 9 mudra's, mantra's en meditatie. Beoefenaars doen dit ritueel om kracht, controle en verlichting te verkrijgen en genezende krachten te ontwikkelen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meditatieve bewegingstherapieën als <a href="/wiki/Tai_Chi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Chi">Tai Chi</a> en <a href="/wiki/Qigong" class="mw-redirect" title="Qigong">Qigong</a> gebruiken vele mudra's. Maar ook in de Chinese krijgskunst <a href="/wiki/Kungfu" title="Kungfu">kungfu</a> komen deze voor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indiase_dans">Indiase dans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Indiase dans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Indiase dans"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Durga-mudra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Durga-mudra.png/260px-Durga-mudra.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Durga-mudra.png/390px-Durga-mudra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Durga-mudra.png/520px-Durga-mudra.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a> mudra, rechterhand houdt de drietand vast, de drie vingers van de linkerhand verbeelden het uiteinde van de drietand</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Indian-dancer-nataraja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Indian-dancer-nataraja.png/260px-Indian-dancer-nataraja.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Indian-dancer-nataraja.png 1.5x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva Nataraja</a> (kosmische dans) mudra</figcaption></figure> <p>Het kan ook de houding van andere delen van het lichaam omvatten, zoals in vele <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indische</a> <a href="/wiki/Dans" title="Dans">dansvormen</a>, zoals in de <a href="/wiki/Bharata_natyam" title="Bharata natyam">Bharata natyam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kutiyattam" title="Kutiyattam">Kutiyattam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohiniattam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohiniattam (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mohiniattam</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuchipudi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kuchipudi</a>, waarin duizenden mudra's worden erkend in de vorm van specifieke gebaren van het <a href="/wiki/Gelaat" title="Gelaat">gezicht</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">handen</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Lichaam_(biologie)" title="Lichaam (biologie)">lichaam</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bharatanatyam_5a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danshouding uit de Bharata natyam"><img alt="Danshouding uit de Bharata natyam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bharatanatyam_5a.jpg/150px-Bharatanatyam_5a.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bharatanatyam_5a.jpg/225px-Bharatanatyam_5a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bharatanatyam_5a.jpg/300px-Bharatanatyam_5a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Danshouding uit de <a href="/wiki/Bharata_natyam" title="Bharata natyam">Bharata natyam</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sujata1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danshouding uit de Odissi"><img alt="Danshouding uit de Odissi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sujata1.jpg/150px-Sujata1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sujata1.jpg/225px-Sujata1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sujata1.jpg/300px-Sujata1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Danshouding uit de <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boeddhisme">Boeddhisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Boeddhisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Boeddhisme"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">boeddhistische</a> kunst wordt mudra gebruikt voor de uitbeeldingen van <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Boeddha" title="Gautama Boeddha">Boeddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva's</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yidam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yidam (de pagina bestaat niet)">Yidams</a> die zich in een <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">asana</a> bevinden. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kamakura_Budda_Daibutsu_front_1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dhyani mudra"><img alt="Dhyani mudra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kamakura_Budda_Daibutsu_front_1885.jpg/135px-Kamakura_Budda_Daibutsu_front_1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kamakura_Budda_Daibutsu_front_1885.jpg/202px-Kamakura_Budda_Daibutsu_front_1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kamakura_Budda_Daibutsu_front_1885.jpg/270px-Kamakura_Budda_Daibutsu_front_1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Dhyani mudra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bouddha_Bh%C3%BBmisparsha-Mudra.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhumisparsha mudra"><img alt="Bhumisparsha mudra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bouddha_Bh%C3%BBmisparsha-Mudra.JPG/143px-Bouddha_Bh%C3%BBmisparsha-Mudra.JPG" decoding="async" width="143" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bouddha_Bh%C3%BBmisparsha-Mudra.JPG/215px-Bouddha_Bh%C3%BBmisparsha-Mudra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bouddha_Bh%C3%BBmisparsha-Mudra.JPG/286px-Bouddha_Bh%C3%BBmisparsha-Mudra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1423" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bhumisparsha mudra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bouddha_Abhaya-Mudra.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Abhaya mudra"><img alt="Abhaya mudra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bouddha_Abhaya-Mudra.JPG/79px-Bouddha_Abhaya-Mudra.JPG" decoding="async" width="79" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bouddha_Abhaya-Mudra.JPG/119px-Bouddha_Abhaya-Mudra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bouddha_Abhaya-Mudra.JPG/159px-Bouddha_Abhaya-Mudra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="1504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abhaya mudra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bouddha_Mettakaruna-Mudra.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mettakaruna mudra"><img alt="Mettakaruna mudra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bouddha_Mettakaruna-Mudra.JPG/84px-Bouddha_Mettakaruna-Mudra.JPG" decoding="async" width="84" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bouddha_Mettakaruna-Mudra.JPG/126px-Bouddha_Mettakaruna-Mudra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bouddha_Mettakaruna-Mudra.JPG/168px-Bouddha_Mettakaruna-Mudra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="1510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mettakaruna mudra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bouddha_xxx-Mudra.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kijkend naar de Boddhi-boom mudra"><img alt="Kijkend naar de Boddhi-boom mudra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bouddha_xxx-Mudra.JPG/78px-Bouddha_xxx-Mudra.JPG" decoding="async" width="78" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bouddha_xxx-Mudra.JPG/118px-Bouddha_xxx-Mudra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bouddha_xxx-Mudra.JPG/157px-Bouddha_xxx-Mudra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="1295" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kijkend naar de Boddhi-boom mudra</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Balinese_dans">Balinese dans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Balinese dans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Balinese dans"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op <a href="/wiki/Bali_(eiland)" title="Bali (eiland)">Bali</a> wordt de <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> door dans, ritme, klank (<a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>) en mudra uitgebeeld (<a href="/wiki/Kecak" title="Kecak">kecakdans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ubud_(plaats)" title="Ubud (plaats)">Ubud</a>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 489px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bali-Danse_0721a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foto 1/8"><img alt="Foto 1/8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bali-Danse_0721a.jpg/120px-Bali-Danse_0721a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bali-Danse_0721a.jpg/250px-Bali-Danse_0721a.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foto 1/8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bali-Danse_0707a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foto 2/8"><img alt="Foto 2/8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bali-Danse_0707a.jpg/120px-Bali-Danse_0707a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bali-Danse_0707a.jpg/180px-Bali-Danse_0707a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bali-Danse_0707a.jpg/240px-Bali-Danse_0707a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foto 2/8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bali-Danse_0713a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foto 3/8"><img alt="Foto 3/8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bali-Danse_0713a.jpg/120px-Bali-Danse_0713a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bali-Danse_0713a.jpg/180px-Bali-Danse_0713a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bali-Danse_0713a.jpg/240px-Bali-Danse_0713a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foto 3/8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bali-Danse_0719a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foto 4/8"><img alt="Foto 4/8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bali-Danse_0719a.jpg/120px-Bali-Danse_0719a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bali-Danse_0719a.jpg/180px-Bali-Danse_0719a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bali-Danse_0719a.jpg/240px-Bali-Danse_0719a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foto 4/8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bali-Danse_0705a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foto 5/8"><img alt="Foto 5/8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bali-Danse_0705a.jpg/120px-Bali-Danse_0705a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bali-Danse_0705a.jpg/180px-Bali-Danse_0705a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bali-Danse_0705a.jpg/240px-Bali-Danse_0705a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foto 5/8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bali-Danse_0720a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foto 6/8"><img alt="Foto 6/8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bali-Danse_0720a.jpg/120px-Bali-Danse_0720a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bali-Danse_0720a.jpg/180px-Bali-Danse_0720a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bali-Danse_0720a.jpg/240px-Bali-Danse_0720a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foto 6/8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foto 7/8"><img alt="Foto 7/8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg/120px-Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg/180px-Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg/240px-Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foto 7/8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bali-Danse_0706a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foto 8/8"><img alt="Foto 8/8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bali-Danse_0706a.jpg/120px-Bali-Danse_0706a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bali-Danse_0706a.jpg/180px-Bali-Danse_0706a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bali-Danse_0706a.jpg/240px-Bali-Danse_0706a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foto 8/8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Balinese_Ramayan-Sita_and_Hanuman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanuman en Sita"><img alt="Hanuman en Sita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Balinese_Ramayan-Sita_and_Hanuman.jpg/120px-Balinese_Ramayan-Sita_and_Hanuman.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Balinese_Ramayan-Sita_and_Hanuman.jpg/180px-Balinese_Ramayan-Sita_and_Hanuman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Balinese_Ramayan-Sita_and_Hanuman.jpg/240px-Balinese_Ramayan-Sita_and_Hanuman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sita_(godin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sita (godin)">Sita</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Taisen Miyata: <i>A study of the ritual mudras in the Shingon tradition: A phenomenological study on the eighteen ways of esoteric recitation in the Koyasan tradition</i>. Publisher s.n.</li> <li>Ingrid Ramm-Bonwitt: <i>Mudra's: Gebarentaal van de Yogi's</i>. Mirananda, 1987/1998. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789062719105" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9789062719105</a></li> <li>Kim da Silva: <i>Mudra's: Gezondheid in onze handen</i>. Verba b.v., 1991/2003. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789055134977" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9789055134977</a></li> <li>Acharya Keshav Dev: <i>Mudras for Healing; Mudra Vigyan: A Way of Life</i>. Acharya Shri Enterprises, 1995. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788190095402" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788190095402</a></li> <li>Gertrud Hirschi: <i>Mudra-werkboek: Eenvoudige yoga-oefeningen voor vingers en hand</i>. Altamira, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789401300636" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9789401300636</a></li> <li>Gauri Devi: <i>Esoteric Mudras of Japan</i>. International. Academy of Indian Culture & Aditya Prakashan, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788186471562" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788186471562</a></li> <li>Lokesh Chandra & Sharada Rani: <i>Mudras in Japan</i>. Vedams Books, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788179360002" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788179360002</a></li> <li>Emma I. Gonikman: <i>Taoist Healing Gestures</i>. YBK Publishers, Inc., 2003. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780970392343" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780970392343</a></li> <li>Fredrick W. Bunce: <i>Mudras in Buddhist and Hindu Practices: An Iconographic Consideration</i>. DK Printworld, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788124603123" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788124603123</a></li> <li>A. S. Umar Sharif: <i>Unlocking the Healing Powers in Your Hands: The 18 Mudra System of Qigong</i>. Scholary, Inc, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780963703637" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0963703637</a></li> <li>Dhiren Gala: <i>Health At Your Fingertips: Mudra Therapy, a Part of Ayurveda is very effective yet costs nothing</i>. Navneet, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788124603123" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788124603123</a></li> <li>K.Rangaraja Iyengar: <i>The World Of Mudras/Health Related and other Mudras</i>. Sapna Book house, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788128006975" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788128006975</a></li> <li>Suman K Chiplunkar: <i>Mudras & Health Perspectives: An Indian Approach</i>. Abhijit Prakashana, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788190587440" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788190587440</a></li> <li>Acharya Keshav Dev: <i>Healing Hands (Science of Yoga Mudras)</i>. Acharya Shri Enterprises, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788187949121" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788187949121</a></li> <li>Cain Carroll and Revital Carroll: <i>Mudras of India: A Comprehensive Guide to the Hand Gestures of Yoga and Indian Dance</i>. Singing Dragon, 2012. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781848190849" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781848190849</a></li> <li>Joseph and Lilian Le Page: <i>Mudras for Healing and Transformation</i>. Integratieve Yoga Therapy, 2013. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780974430348" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780974430348</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67645038">.mw-parser-output .link-portaal{float:right;clear:right;padding:0.5em;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:85%;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .link-portaal{float:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0}}</style><div class="link-portaal noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Yoga" title="Portaal:Yoga">Portaal Yoga</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingersprookje" title="Vingersprookje">Vingersprookje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichaamstaal" title="Lichaamstaal">Lichaamstaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">Pantomime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimiek" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimiek">Mimiek</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudra&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327104203/http://globalmudrascienceday.com/">Engelstalige site voor wie mudra's willen bestuderen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/mudra-japan.shtml">Engelstalige site over Japanse boeddhistische mudra's</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kriyananda-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kriyananda_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goswami" title="Goswami">Goswami</a> (1994) <i>Kriya yoga</i>, Uitgeverij Ankh_Hermes, Deventer <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9020251597" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-202-5159-7</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alice Burmeister en Tom Monte: <i>Handboek Jin Shin Jyutsu</i>, 1999, Uitgeverij Bres, Deventer, <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9062290582" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9062290582</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">François Lépine: <i>Kuji-In Mastery: The Power of Manifestation, 2006</i>, F.Lepine Publishing, <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780978110529" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780978110529</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mudras#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mudras">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mudras#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mudras">Mudras</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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