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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medicine Lake Volcano</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_Lake_(volcan)" title="Medicine Lake (volcan) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Medicine Lake (volcan)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%94%94%EC%8B%A0%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC_%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="메디신레이크 화산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메디신레이크 화산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcano_del_lago_Medicine" title="Vulcano del lago Medicine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vulcano del lago Medicine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&params=41.610956028_N_121.553635458_W_type:mountain_region:US-CA_scale:100000_source:NGS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°36′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°33′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.610956028°N 121.553635458°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.610956028; -121.553635458</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Shield volcano in northeastern California, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Medicine Lake Volcano</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medicine_Lake_Volcano_from_Captain_Jack%27s_Stronghold_in_Lava_Beds_NM-750px.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Medicine_Lake_Volcano_from_Captain_Jack%27s_Stronghold_in_Lava_Beds_NM-750px.JPG/272px-Medicine_Lake_Volcano_from_Captain_Jack%27s_Stronghold_in_Lava_Beds_NM-750px.JPG" decoding="async" width="272" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Medicine_Lake_Volcano_from_Captain_Jack%27s_Stronghold_in_Lava_Beds_NM-750px.JPG/408px-Medicine_Lake_Volcano_from_Captain_Jack%27s_Stronghold_in_Lava_Beds_NM-750px.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Medicine_Lake_Volcano_from_Captain_Jack%27s_Stronghold_in_Lava_Beds_NM-750px.JPG/544px-Medicine_Lake_Volcano_from_Captain_Jack%27s_Stronghold_in_Lava_Beds_NM-750px.JPG 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="263" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Medicine Lake volcano as seen from <a href="/wiki/Lava_Beds_National_Monument" title="Lava Beds National Monument">Lava Beds National Monument</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,921 ft (2,414 m)<small><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988"> NAVD 88</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-ngs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&params=41.610956028_N_121.553635458_W_type:mountain_region:US-CA_scale:100000_source:NGS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°36′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°33′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.610956028°N 121.553635458°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.610956028; -121.553635458</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-ngs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_9f290c11ca9bc1dad54984882a8e5f5bb7859c4a"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&revid=1260132089&groups=_9f290c11ca9bc1dad54984882a8e5f5bb7859c4a" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&revid=1260132089&groups=_9f290c11ca9bc1dad54984882a8e5f5bb7859c4a 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskiyou County, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range"><span class="nowrap">Parent range</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a><sup id="cite_ref-LBNM_MLSV_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBNM_MLSV-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">Topo map</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> Medicine Lake</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geological_time_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological time scale">Rock age</a></th><td class="infobox-data">about 500,000 years<sup id="cite_ref-Donnelly_2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donnelly_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_types" title="List of mountain types">Mountain type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">Shield volcano</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">Volcanic arc</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Volcanoes" title="Cascade Volcanoes">Cascade Volcanic Arc</a><sup id="cite_ref-LBNM_MLSV_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBNM_MLSV-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Last eruption</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1080 ± 25 years<sup id="cite_ref-gvp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gvp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Medicine Lake</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medlake_aerial_USGS.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Medicine Lake with Mount Shasta in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Medlake_aerial_USGS.gif/264px-Medlake_aerial_USGS.gif" decoding="async" width="264" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Medlake_aerial_USGS.gif/396px-Medlake_aerial_USGS.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Medlake_aerial_USGS.gif/528px-Medlake_aerial_USGS.gif 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="353" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The lake with Mount Shasta in the background</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_California.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of California"><img alt="Map of California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/256px-Relief_map_of_California.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/384px-Relief_map_of_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/512px-Relief_map_of_California.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="780" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.246%;left:28.714%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Medicine Lake"><img alt="Map of California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Medicine Lake</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MedicineLakeBathymetricMeters20080926.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bathymetric map of Medicine Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/MedicineLakeBathymetricMeters20080926.png/256px-MedicineLakeBathymetricMeters20080926.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/MedicineLakeBathymetricMeters20080926.png/384px-MedicineLakeBathymetricMeters20080926.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/MedicineLakeBathymetricMeters20080926.png/512px-MedicineLakeBathymetricMeters20080926.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="663" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bathymetric map</div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&params=41_34_54_N_121_35_56_W_region:US-CA_type:waterbody_source:gnis&title=Medicine+Lake"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°34′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°35′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.58167°N 121.59889°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.58167; -121.59889</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Medicine Lake</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th><td class="infobox-data">0.6 mi (1 km)<sup id="cite_ref-Donnelly_2007_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donnelly_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. width</th><td class="infobox-data">1.2 mi (2 km)<sup id="cite_ref-Donnelly_2007_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donnelly_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">0.64 sq mi (1.65 km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-Childs_2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Childs_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">24.0 ft (7.3 m)<sup id="cite_ref-Childs_2000_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Childs_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">152 ft (46.4 m)<sup id="cite_ref-Childs_2000_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Childs_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th><td class="infobox-data">470,000,000 cu ft (13,400,000 m<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-Childs_2000_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Childs_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shore length<sup>1</sup></th><td class="infobox-data">20,384 ft (6,213 m)<sup id="cite_ref-Childs_2000_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Childs_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data note"><sup id="cite_ref-Donnelly_2007_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donnelly_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Childs_2000_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Childs_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff; border-top: 1px solid #cedeff"><sup>1</sup> Shore length is <a href="/wiki/Coastline_paradox" title="Coastline paradox">not a well-defined measure</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MedicineLkHighlands09272017-50.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MedicineLkHighlands09272017-50.tif/lossless-page1-250px-MedicineLkHighlands09272017-50.tif.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MedicineLkHighlands09272017-50.tif/lossless-page1-375px-MedicineLkHighlands09272017-50.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MedicineLkHighlands09272017-50.tif/lossless-page1-500px-MedicineLkHighlands09272017-50.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption>Medicine Lake Volcano, California, September 27, 2017. <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> true-color <a href="/wiki/Satellite_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite image">satellite image</a>, scale 1:50,000.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Medicine Lake Volcano</b> is a large <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> about 30 mi (50 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Shasta" title="Mount Shasta">Mount Shasta</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> is located in a zone of east–west crustal extension east of the main axis of the <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Volcanoes" title="Cascade Volcanoes">Cascade Volcanic Arc</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a>. The 0.6 mi (1 km) thick shield is 22 mi (35 km) from east to west and 28 to 31 mi (45 to 50 km) from north to south, and covers more than 770 sq mi (2,000 km<sup>2</sup>). The underlying rock has downwarped by 0.3 mi (0.5 km) under the center of the volcano. The volcano is primarily composed of <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basaltic_andesite" title="Basaltic andesite">basaltic andesite</a> lava flows, and has a 4.3 by 7.5 mi (7 by 12 km) <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> at the center. </p><p>The Medicine Lake shield rises about 3,900 ft (1,200 m) above the <a href="/wiki/Modoc_Plateau" title="Modoc Plateau">Modoc Plateau</a> to an elevation of 7,795 ft (2,376 m). <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">Lavas</a> from Medicine Lake Volcano are estimated to be at least 140 cu mi (600 km<sup>3</sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a>, making Medicine Lake the largest volcano by volume in the Cascade Range (<a href="/wiki/Newberry_Volcano" title="Newberry Volcano">Newberry Volcano</a> in Oregon has the second largest volume). <a href="/wiki/Lava_Beds_National_Monument" title="Lava Beds National Monument">Lava Beds National Monument</a> lies on the northeast flank of the volcano. </p><p>Medicine Lake Volcano has been active for 500,000 years. The eruptions were gentle rather than explosive like <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a>, coating the volcano's sides with flow after flow of basaltic lava. Medicine Lake is part of the old caldera, a bowl-shaped depression in the mountain. It is believed that the Medicine Lake volcano is unique, having many small magma chambers rather than one large one. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caldera">Caldera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Caldera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medicine Lake is in the caldera of the volcano, which measures 4.3 by 7.5 mi (7 by 12 km). The caldera may have formed by collapse after a large volume of <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesite</a> was erupted from vents along the caldera rim. The distribution of late <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> vents, mostly concentrated along the rim, suggests that ring faults already existed when most of the andesite erupted. No single large eruption has been related to caldera formation. The only eruption recognized to have produced <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> flow <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuff</a> occurred in late Pleistocene time, and this eruption was too small to account for formation of the caldera. Later conclusions were that Medicine Lake caldera formed by collapse in response to repeated extrusions of mostly <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> lava beginning early in the history of the volcano (perhaps in a manner similar to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Kilauea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilauea">Kilauea</a> caldera in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>). Several small differentiated magma bodies may have been fed by and interspersed among a network of <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">dikes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sill_(geology)" title="Sill (geology)">sills</a>. Late <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> andesitic to rhyolitic lavas were derived by fractionation, assimilation, and mixing from high alumina basalt parental magma. The small lake from which Medicine Lake volcano derives its name lies within the central caldera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eruptive_history">Eruptive history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Eruptive history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medicine Lake Volcano began to grow about one million years ago in <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> time, following the eruption of a large volume of tholeiitic high-<a href="/wiki/Alumina" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumina">alumina</a> basalt. Similar high-alumina basalt has continued to erupt around the volcano throughout its history. Although <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> lavas predominate on the volcano's flanks, all lava compositions from basalt to <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">rhyolite</a> have erupted during Pleistocene time. The lower flanks consist of mostly basaltic and some andesitic lavas. Basalt is mostly absent at higher elevation, where andesite dominates and rhyolite and small volumes of dacite are present. During the past 11,000 years, eruptive activity at Medicine Lake Volcano has been episodic. Eight eruptions produced about 1.3 cu mi (5.3 km<sup>3</sup>) of basaltic lava during a time interval of a few hundred years about 10,500 years ago. That eruptive episode was followed by a hiatus that ended with a small andesitic eruption about 4,300 years ago. During the most recent eruptive episode between 3000 and 900 years ago, eight eruptions produced approximately 0.6 cu mi (2.5 km<sup>3</sup>) of lava ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite. Late Holocene lava compositions include basalt and andesite, but <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silicic</a> lavas dominate. </p><p>Eruptive activity during <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> time has included numerous rhyolite and dacite lava flows erupted at high elevations inside and outside the caldera; cinder cones and associated lava flows of basalt and basaltic andesite have resulted from eruptions at vents on the flanks of the shield. Most vents are aligned along zones of crustal weakness that trend northeast to northwest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glass_Mountain">Glass Mountain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Glass Mountain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glass_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Glass_Mountain.jpg/250px-Glass_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Glass_Mountain.jpg/375px-Glass_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Glass_Mountain.jpg/500px-Glass_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Glass Mountain from Medicine Lake caldera rim. USGS photo by Julie Donnelly-Nolan.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most recent eruption occurred around 1,000 years ago when <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">rhyolite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">dacite</a> erupted at Glass Mountain and associated vents near the caldera's eastern rim. Fitch cites reports that a light ash fall that occurred in 1910 may have come from a small eruption at Glass Mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No field evidence has been found to substantiate the 1910 eruption.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Glass Mountain consists of a spectacular, nearly <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">treeless</a>, steep-sided rhyolite and dacite <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a> flow that erupted just outside the eastern caldera rim and flowed down the steep eastern flank of Medicine Lake Volcano. Ten additional small domes of Glass Mountain rhyolite and rhyodacite lava lie on a N25degreesW trend to the north and one to the south. The age of Glass Mountain and its preceding pumice deposits has been a matter of discussion for some time. A <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a> age of 885±40 years before present (1990) was obtained on a dead <a href="/wiki/Incense-cedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Incense-cedar">incense-cedar</a> tree without limbs or bark that is preserved in the edge of one of the distal tongues of the flow. The dated material consisted of a piece of exterior wood containing about 30 annual growth rings. This age may be too old, because some of the outside of the tree is missing. The <a href="/wiki/Tephra" title="Tephra">tephra</a> deposits that precede the flow and domes may be somewhat older but are constrained to be less than about 1,050 years before present (1990) by the Little Glass Mountain and <a href="/wiki/Lassen_Peak" title="Lassen Peak">Lassen Peak</a> data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_Legacy_Scenic_Byway" title="Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway">Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medicine_Lake_Volcano" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Medicine Lake Volcano">Medicine Lake Volcano</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ngs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ngs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=MW0915">"Hoffman"</a>. <i>NGS Data Sheet</i>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">National Geodetic Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United States Geological Survey: 65–95<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology+of+Northern+California&rft.atitle=Geology+of+the+Cascade+Range+and+Modoc+Plateau&rft.volume=190&rft.pages=65-95&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=Gordon+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthecalifornia00bailrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+Lake+Volcano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodKienle1992" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Charles A; Kienle, Jurgen, eds. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eyDRib-FJh4C&pg=PA212"><i>Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521438117" title="Special:BookSources/9780521438117"><bdi>9780521438117</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volcanoes+of+North+America%3A+United+States+and+Canada&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780521438117&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeyDRib-FJh4C%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+Lake+Volcano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Adapted from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/volcanoes_cascade_range.html#medicine_lake">USGS text</a> assumed to be in the public domain.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnelly-Nolan1990" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Donnelly-Nolan, J.M. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MedicineLake/Publications/GeoMedLake/geo_medlake.pdf">"Geology of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California, Cascade Range"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Transactions</i>. 14 Part II. Geothermal Resources Council: 1395–1396.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions&rft.atitle=Geology+of+Medicine+Lake+Volcano%2C+Northern+California%2C+Cascade+Range&rft.volume=14+Part+II&rft.pages=1395-1396&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Donnelly-Nolan&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvulcan.wr.usgs.gov%2FVolcanoes%2FMedicineLake%2FPublications%2FGeoMedLake%2Fgeo_medlake.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+Lake+Volcano" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_Lake_Volcano&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MedicineLake/Locale/framework.html">"Medicine Lake Vicinity, California, Lava Beds National Monument"</a>. Cascades Volcano Observatory <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medicine+Lake+Vicinity%2C+California%2C+Lava+Beds+National+Monument&rft.pub=Cascades+Volcano+Observatory+USGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvulcan.wr.usgs.gov%2FVolcanoes%2FMedicineLake%2FLocale%2Fframework.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+Lake+Volcano" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718183126/http://www.sacredland.org/losing-sacred-ground/">"Losing Sacred Ground"</a>. Sacred Land Film Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacredland.org/losing-sacred-ground/">the original</a> on 2011-07-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Losing+Sacred+Ground&rft.pub=Sacred+Land+Film+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacredland.org%2Flosing-sacred-ground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+Lake+Volcano" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cascade_volcanoes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cascade volcanoes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cascade_Volcanoes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Volcanoes" title="Cascade Volcanoes">Cascade Volcanoes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Columbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silverthrone_Caldera" title="Silverthrone Caldera">Silverthrone Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Glacier_Complex" title="Franklin Glacier Complex">Franklin Glacier Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Meager_massif" title="Mount Meager massif">Mount Meager massif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Cayley" title="Mount Cayley">Mount Cayley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Garibaldi" title="Mount Garibaldi">Mount Garibaldi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Rainier_from_west.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Rainier"><img alt="Mount Rainier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mount_Rainier_from_west.jpg/120px-Mount_Rainier_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mount_Rainier_from_west.jpg/180px-Mount_Rainier_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mount_Rainier_from_west.jpg/240px-Mount_Rainier_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Washington</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baker" title="Mount Baker">Mount Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Crater" title="Sherman Crater">Sherman Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Buttes" title="Black Buttes">Black Buttes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schriebers_Meadow_Cone" title="Schriebers Meadow Cone">Schriebers Meadow Cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulshan_caldera" title="Kulshan caldera">Kulshan caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannegan_caldera" title="Hannegan caldera">Hannegan caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannegan_Peak" title="Hannegan Peak">Hannegan Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Mountain" title="Ruth Mountain">Ruth Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icy_Peak" title="Icy Peak">Icy Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Terror_(Washington)" title="Mount Terror (Washington)">Mount Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Peak" title="Glacier Peak">Glacier Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Chuck_Cinder_Cone" title="White Chuck Cinder Cone">White Chuck Cinder Cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishpan_Gap" title="Dishpan Gap">Dishpan Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hinman" title="Mount Hinman">Mount Hinman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Daniel" title="Mount Daniel">Mount Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Rock_(Washington)" title="Cathedral Rock (Washington)">Cathedral Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Si" title="Mount Si">Mount Si</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier" title="Mount Rainier">Mount Rainier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Tahoma_Peak" title="Little Tahoma Peak">Little Tahoma Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Mountain" title="Burroughs Mountain">Burroughs Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banshee_Peak" title="Banshee Peak">Banshee Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowlitz_Chimneys" title="Cowlitz Chimneys">Cowlitz Chimneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Desolate" title="Old Desolate">Old Desolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_Island_Mountain" title="Goat Island Mountain">Goat Island Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wow" title="Mount Wow">Mount Wow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifes_Peaks" title="Fifes Peaks">Fifes Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Aix" title="Mount Aix">Mount Aix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_Rocks" title="Goat Rocks">Goat Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Peak_(Washington)" title="Gilbert Peak (Washington)">Gilbert Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Snowy_Mountain" title="Old Snowy Mountain">Old Snowy Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ives_Peak" title="Ives Peak">Ives Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieton_Peak" title="Tieton Peak">Tieton Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_Butte" title="Spiral Butte">Spiral Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Adams_(Washington)" title="Mount Adams (Washington)">Mount Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Heaven" title="Indian Heaven">Indian Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Butte_(Washington)" title="Lone Butte (Washington)">Lone Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_Mountain" title="Sawtooth Mountain">Sawtooth Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemei_Rock" title="Lemei Rock">Lemei Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Lava_Bed" title="Big Lava Bed">Big Lava Bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Mountain-Trout_Creek_Hill" title="Marble Mountain-Trout Creek Hill">Marble Mountain-Trout Creek Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Crater" title="West Crater">West Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Creek_Hill" title="Trout Creek Hill">Trout Creek Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumtum_Mountain" title="Tumtum Mountain">Tumtum Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Ground_Lake_State_Park" title="Battle Ground Lake State Park">Battle Ground Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Rock_State_Park" title="Beacon Rock State Park">Beacon Rock State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_(Skamania_County,_Washington)" title="Table Mountain (Skamania County, Washington)">Table Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenleaf_Peak" title="Greenleaf Peak">Greenleaf Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Mountain_(Washington)" title="Wind Mountain (Washington)">Wind Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oregon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boring_Lava_Field" title="Boring Lava Field">Boring Lava Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sylvania" title="Mount Sylvania">Mount Sylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_Rock_Island" title="Elk Rock Island">Elk Rock Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Scott_(Clackamas_County,_Oregon)" title="Mount Scott (Clackamas County, Oregon)">Mount Scott (Clackamas County)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_National_Cemetery" title="Willamette National Cemetery">Willamette National Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor_(Oregon)" title="Mount Tabor (Oregon)">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster_Rock_State_Park" title="Rooster Rock State Park">Rooster Rock State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larch_Mountain_(Multnomah_County,_Oregon)" title="Larch Mountain (Multnomah County, Oregon)">Larch Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood" title="Mount Hood">Mount Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Ax" title="Battle Ax">Battle Ax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olallie_Butte" title="Olallie Butte">Olallie Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Jefferson_(Oregon)" title="Mount Jefferson (Oregon)">Mount Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Peak_(Oregon)" title="Snow Peak (Oregon)">Snow Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Mountain_(Oregon)" title="Crescent Mountain (Oregon)">Crescent Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Mountain_(Oregon)" title="Iron Mountain (Oregon)">Iron Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumalo_Volcanic_Center" title="Tumalo Volcanic Center">Tumalo Volcanic Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(Oregon)" title="Three Sisters (Oregon)">Three Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Multnomah" title="Mount Multnomah">Mount Multnomah</a> (unvalidated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_Top" title="Broken Top">Broken Top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Butte" title="Ball Butte">Ball Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumalo_Mountain" title="Tumalo Mountain">Tumalo Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bachelor" title="Mount Bachelor">Mount Bachelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Volcano" title="Newberry Volcano">Newberry Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Peak_(Oregon)" title="Diamond Peak (Oregon)">Diamond Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bailey_(Oregon)" title="Mount Bailey (Oregon)">Mount Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howlock_Mountain" title="Howlock Mountain">Howlock Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Thielsen" title="Mount Thielsen">Mount Thielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mazama" title="Mount Mazama">Mount Mazama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake" title="Crater Lake">Crater Lake</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Scott_(Klamath_County,_Oregon)" title="Mount Scott (Klamath County, Oregon)">Mount Scott (Klamath County)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_Island" title="Wizard Island">Wizard Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_Ship_(island)" title="Phantom Ship (island)">Phantom Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillman_Peak" title="Hillman Peak">Hillman Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applegate_Peak" title="Applegate Peak">Applegate Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustler_Peak" title="Rustler Peak">Rustler Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican_Butte" title="Pelican Butte">Pelican Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_McLoughlin" title="Mount McLoughlin">Mount McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Mountain_(Klamath_County,_Oregon)" title="Brown Mountain (Klamath County, Oregon)">Brown Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen_Butte" title="Aspen Butte">Aspen Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Lakes_Wilderness" title="Mountain Lakes Wilderness">Mountain Lakes Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_Ann_Peak" title="Roxy Ann Peak">Roxy Ann Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldy_(Jackson_County,_Oregon)" title="Baldy (Jackson County, Oregon)">Baldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grizzly_Peak_(Oregon)" title="Grizzly Peak (Oregon)">Grizzly Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Rock_(Oregon)" title="Pilot Rock (Oregon)">Pilot Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamsay_Mountain" title="Yamsay Mountain">Yamsay Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gearhart_Mountain" title="Gearhart Mountain">Gearhart Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yainax_Butte" title="Yainax Butte">Yainax Butte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">California</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Shasta" title="Mount Shasta">Mount Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shastina" title="Shastina">Shastina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Butte_(Siskiyou_County,_California)" title="Black Butte (Siskiyou County, California)">Black Butte (California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Mountain_(California)" title="Rainbow Mountain (California)">Rainbow Mountain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Medicine Lake Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schonchin_Butte" title="Schonchin Butte">Schonchin Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Beds_National_Monument" title="Lava Beds National Monument">Lava Beds National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_Plateau" title="Modoc Plateau">Modoc Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushy_Butte" title="Brushy Butte">Brushy Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Cave" title="Big Cave">Big Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burney_Mountain" title="Burney Mountain">Burney Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magee_Peak" title="Magee Peak">Magee Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Mountain_(Shasta_County,_California)" title="Snow Mountain (Shasta County, California)">Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latour_Butte" title="Latour Butte">Latour Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tehama" title="Mount Tehama">Mount Tehama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_Peak" title="Lassen Peak">Lassen Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpass_Mountain" title="Bumpass Mountain">Bumpass Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dittmar_Volcano" title="Dittmar Volcano">Dittmar Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Maidu" title="Mount Maidu">Mount Maidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Yana" title="Mount Yana">Mount Yana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goosenest" title="Goosenest">Goosenest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8553599#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315528500">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh99004040">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007537231305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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