CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913620800a8ece37',cH: 'rpj1U79LdkXd1JwCaixkHDWWP25sXTZKb4DJlgcoLKg-1739798973-1.2.1.1-rkwUmJqSkmBZNiJxySCULcZLTtD_5tdy7kvvYta4LJjq5dZt7Bvz0_u.zBeh26P0',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=screening%20of%20diabetic%20retinopathy&__cf_chl_tk=kzxH50QAywyKSExI3.f5SCBWElg0uQxFpKOAz61.yuU-1739798973-1.0.1.1-cJxfdKGdeoo1GT7fPpHbXIEjc5iQrQC4DMrwYyrgMsA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739798973',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=screening%20of%20diabetic%20retinopathy&__cf_chl_f_tk=kzxH50QAywyKSExI3.f5SCBWElg0uQxFpKOAz61.yuU-1739798973-1.0.1.1-cJxfdKGdeoo1GT7fPpHbXIEjc5iQrQC4DMrwYyrgMsA",md: "JXbercsRpIbO9IQkzJC_qIbUXgvhvhlydtfJ7brMiAM-1739798973-1.2.1.1-TqbWkgHUxPe3XpMpsXUXBq_z4PqtNOv45AEVqCjjTcIh54Vuf3nXiGPMZu9KzDlC_L.P0aelGzG_OfZoizxWM9IRCrI_gn7bs9jtMldwA7kEvz.9PMLsMMJSJn1CZcrxSxO8MKXkUt46LcQPQeXDeEj.Wj6wwy14c.E4ahqB850cvK71h1NlMr6W_zQNbEt2bXydzZvg9sCp7zUsrw_j_0NzJqwP3xGTe.46LwblqADg8JXNAzm4n4Iy2FDA4629twkT6XhtkBZ_b4wrBUsWJk40Pcwu2WVuxSY_3vABWA_X9SCOUdRE9OwOJ6xSgi44ClkqEuWi9w1c_DARYlIM65.97pKtLQ68is7EiSyZe1mn8B5VxHJCOg66dym6BYoWom1Ygx0mgx3agB_Vg5vWI8LoKErHp1ebzSYS43kCQVv54lfn2JAj8xiXPrnrakx.TBgJOWef87RYjcMPN.ggeKzuqulXLa8FeQvfpqJTbXXjcSlj9fhdpB4iquo8Pzaw30uG2OmYb8iW.LTz0ODJyDRUhbMEQLYM4dMkpU6ZLzY2yK1O2pGlqKkYPWwUWqtokSbyJjfIuRwtDySaZpUwClPeGjHfXy9ayGPcbKrXwoE75YnS.2eWfykzMbNQLSmFJospTRKhkm6F9VBHLU7WBOcZCiRUXbjWr35TNU0tC80AMpC1U9hS3JIlocK.FI4Qm1d2d94Df03h6iEU9t8mTWvB1dJUc3ngjYB1kZViIbpyIZ7QXaDlvopAS630cPjF3YKh6dT1X4_E.v3xF86Gyv2E5_NA5eiCTg7Yl2XX8vnVFvhQ7DCt6Fb55ibk4qlglMgYTkSHiWOpLkFkWruiVeiDILod.R0SWb9.IyvQmLGjfhWU5aV6l.fIXgg8JOoJM1VaF9oeVLNdW7f95O1p2XpaVZfAFVCq_ieQt1Qt4c6mHH9UzLFdGz7S.NdD0DiJH2eZ7hvorkfnC2RnmZGlajpjNIU6akmiJYN.3iWb7P2fPQZU4uHbG1b8ymg3JMkURHCEIJvbkzCadiUxWOTMznT.1RYPiYh3aSCbawkm7HZsMftles78y_DkT7wtgA3AmMK7PbqWCHBfbu3TPRkUe2eCNjnHagp5.N6DsVjNE8Yc.pENhbpmAIL46qeV1D0kat5WKq8z_0a.vAkFPMDeavvdG0yQn.y9PQbOp6Lo_2jbHauzgvIRZz_gnPW2HmPLuLI89PTS84AgcQ68bPf8g_M8TmWDDInDLTtK3vzSvRxQv6CzlV6KTb7HVYxJc9QlVQE.o6ZTZm6aI3xb23R8M1sXR2CFqN9lBQ6eAUmaCOB3QRLJC4xLODgfUUWq1kPPCEhAQt7F1v5_VBtLT5OHcPUuamRoYnjLKOZef72fMHMmcdzfg6d.4yUJd3cz79T3Lr4tlTtZoGqASrYXdqNZqEgrbPEogri54Se3m0nrZBtQV_buK6gORL3sw9G6a8n7y.k.4h8NGk6Pz5lCgfySAge3X2wZBAx3X88kQhke2MXrjBqwqudgNUeRWqNkhIq8nnURc5mx3XNXsLdvLerFjvne5sPgwulL5shpivB.wIeOCAjL9qbLBKIw3Y9UWQBrwTCf8E5agHXpC.awuyN9694E3DwloPhqDBWe_aHPYaviJ7SS9_HRMP63kZS6P1A1W2ycs0ajZ05armjNYGjf.urL0towWPJVHcY6GwpyX0_z6i0sb3xYvK9MtRKLLCjM9HPkpitpxohsFyZXOiUVlhYHEtjAsGhLdqZwRw8989OQUx1f8vczmldsj_5VF0j0oWID_OrE3o4801QAVt5oxR4VqvEtaskbn4caefJgZ7sQS8_iBg1A5w6XLSyJAkc6983FysqMBLe_vag3iteDEU9Sk7EHLqRH5P_mpkJ7mirFJIOL6yfA9UHK08EdcvsDh6G41dSrjqA_g59YnMpi4H0CSbsu0nqYv3W7ZYTxgcC3D.k.Zfrz229ORj_.c3NcO8sS.4fvYV_4cbYOdSd.oddUP5cBGJM3N4Hix6XI_qM",mdrd: "gxgdU0SpHvKVm4fqTjXeOhJVvT2OO8ukHPZblWJF1Oc-1739798973-1.2.1.1-FOcbtS_HSeWP0Cr3_Ax7wokR0vJ9M6MvlaHbW30x0OYyiCKjzlhxg.UJ.ZmWJUlJO_UbRTSrOQuA9TKfFfOfkFbB5uO5nCbkJhV5Ad6x61tmhCiLbW4lOVXxcFqoaKFA4fNQc.Bje_iZYUsZj_pl0pYnidcNekiQFG9p5AKhOj78.o86YoflweJOorDowUemZEtsnkGBzvrVIECBJJ.T9RR187IVkPLnRjRWN8PiiPcV6s1LI_OwoROBB_leIgr2wwiLeXLRYLCbT481SeJ0HmrTewUIfj2KRWciG6dxDeUG5qhcw_hGo12UsQQ2ZzubRp5OOHEpOYbXvYY.8JjVMcEhzaCiyxdxdJ0A6rq6zVFHL__kmbpG8XkLUUobCXhF9UZ4qDXDvti4QUvsnMjArQiU3UG5dVoGWGwR5w5PLcvK18VDxUW6_5BYIqzRXx4n.1HvcKCdIwPLYtRuhtpmW5iVhBqZw9tWSBve4DFuhm0ljNOGHmVv_qglYRYSkoPP7F3pAaT0bT_sV3HkaDbBiwLK87uFd9wyqV8j1EcmW3U702M48gfqNSmTSHErUmqH.irtiCLvdwLt8Zubj_X.O5pvZZun8mi2nofU6LqYZ6iamOOHioHiNAf9GbJh_uYt_LGd0zx6eDZWLO_Aj38xLKDmw6El5xgz3gJhreQ6SDsHtA0LjSSSEGzEuMvWaadvmDrEmaYJzhiE99dGdBApWhTmXdjwjQvEx1m7y638DlxjfTlxoeJtllvuY.MzOJkZpFu.mZBJInZkDoAVjPMA4iL5AN14oHFuZG1wzkrgayJJ9vTiMf5v6J4vKvr5tism4yevIELaaGnepyaDFGYLwpYDg2ZuHkxKKPOnowJa.oOYhyTiVjVFF2YQsaqfRtJlZnUVWfKSBDDoC_Ed96zv6qP_lWBT5HrKtbpK2EhuKIjUJjfwHmk_IksVmvWDlj9bpW94Cw4vwltKdxPxVfsN0uEZCqVhrzEkoF.dDk7bN4r7dXyGzTpuKinYulbeERahib6KLw1HUWQzaa6eEjk53mCsTZhzC7jQR0ReR5k4UxAlHl64qq2o6a_G4ihSYYZ0djpZ78U0XHJiGwRb0gICdFibSr6pk18zj.YeSy06xfsSnpEaV8AStde_sjBeEtKEFg8wkp4f_g_xEcIGFJ_k5xdpQmS_EYr26kGpzBzUoOoREl3Kte3.DvCRer_B4feGgy9ZUOPyLdm8YxZnwug0wsw0D6HjnPG4_jwyf8dRgNlefSXUa_ipxWxCMKlRsWwPp.PhQV4dc24M983hNZbo0W_Tis0.jaxprpgyg8c3XmfxsYjNyCPaz6KIF_HclQDwuyWlEe5BOLV6FD47xi_sXwknQ0nmUPgsWI2iIWc.2mrM7WpLBGNNoukvWq.7gqNtpyzXk_Ys9dRUfo89zNgU.6uEv96rpgKTMwYg._8P.C4Wnqwyi_WvKcHEoSdBlYwvyTIivCeOmUqZOHYJjBa4pbwbKCyK2reR8T3AqPhf42yazHyUWI.5edHjZqNXISNI2prhU4TBncqDqEQXwrwNUVft9WrkXaKCjVIh9xeqS3m7dp3nJEqMC9.1ZUU9rS723wNpQQFSCRuVuAG945SA_tnrgRCxOGqnb6xqzQQOs4e_TL80_WTGoELDdf6Cvg_13cC6bPccxKS7BUm5HzMdCM0bXpsmfga_0shLuk4HAh08u4lzk_EMs5xA9okJnsxOJUiKlLkBGyWJy.EXTok_liRJvYhNTEeauQjwWlc8RRvJwo9eF9DQ2hNQt5n_m8pH.kld3PO92K7Szmn5wC.Vfe8XJY0UFdQ.VVUheZruACFGQzvpwoTGQ_U5XxsDJS6oh_3CKdpC1DZPBl_lZ0vQvhEneVnr5waqlBjpO8tubiTICV7StX3CmrdbjW_lfF7gn9rkHZFEA.CfTrM4jhRWSXRY83dfFOLhtvcZSJ.W8uKpWqkDkExgW_8kkCaTCEuE589cXPCIpq2NgtPMP2o8bw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913620800a8ece37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=screening%20of%20diabetic%20retinopathy&__cf_chl_rt_tk=kzxH50QAywyKSExI3.f5SCBWElg0uQxFpKOAz61.yuU-1739798973-1.0.1.1-cJxfdKGdeoo1GT7fPpHbXIEjc5iQrQC4DMrwYyrgMsA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>