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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBM_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBM_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>IBM interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBM_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_PC_DOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_PC_DOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Creation of PC DOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_PC_DOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intellectual_property_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intellectual_property_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Intellectual property dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intellectual_property_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internal_commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Internal commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>External commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EDLIN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EDLIN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.1</span> <span>EDLIN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EDLIN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supported_disk_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supported_disk_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Supported disk formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supported_disk_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDOS" title="QDOS – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="QDOS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDOS" title="QDOS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="QDOS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3-%DB%B8%DB%B6" title="داس-۸۶ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داس-۸۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDOS" title="QDOS – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="QDOS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDOS" title="QDOS – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="QDOS" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-%EB%8F%84%EC%8A%A4" title="86-도스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="86-도스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDOS" title="QDOS – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="QDOS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDOS" title="QDOS – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="QDOS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDOS" title="QDOS – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="QDOS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDOS" title="QDOS – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="QDOS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="86-DOS" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1550345#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Computer_Products_QDOS&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Computer Products QDOS">Seattle Computer Products QDOS</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Discontinued computer operating system for x86 processors and predecessor to MS-DOS/PC DOS</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">86-DOS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:86-DOS_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/86-DOS_logo.svg/250px-86-DOS_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/86-DOS_logo.svg/375px-86-DOS_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/86-DOS_logo.svg/500px-86-DOS_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1389" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:86-DOS_running_assembler_and_HEX2BIN_(screenshot).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/86-DOS_running_assembler_and_HEX2BIN_%28screenshot%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="169" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A sample 86-DOS session (simulated)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Tim Paterson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic, unsupported</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1980<span class="noprint">; 44 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1980</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">86-DOS 1.10 / July 1981<span class="noprint">; 43 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1981-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Marketing target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100</a>-based micro-computers with 8086 processor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">Available in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data">N/A</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Influenced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br />user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line interface</a> (<a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>86-DOS</b> (known internally as <b>QDOS</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2019_Presentation_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2019_Presentation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <b>Quick and Dirty Operating System</b>) is a discontinued <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> developed and marketed by <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> (SCP) for its <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">Intel 8086</a>-based computer kit. </p><p>86-DOS shared a few of its commands with other operating systems such as <a href="/wiki/OS/8" title="OS/8">OS/8</a> and <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a>, which made it easy to <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">port</a> programs from the latter. Its <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> was very similar to that of CP/M. The system was licensed and then purchased by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and developed further as <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>86-DOS was created because sales of the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> 8086 <a href="/wiki/Electronic_kit" title="Electronic kit">computer kit</a>, demonstrated in June 1979 and shipped in November,<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were languishing due to the absence of an operating system. The only software that SCP could sell with the board was Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Standalone_Disk_BASIC-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Standalone Disk BASIC-86">Standalone Disk BASIC-86</a>, which Microsoft had developed on a prototype of SCP's hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SCP wanted to offer the 8086-version of <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> that Digital Research had initially announced for November 1979, but it was delayed and its release date was uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-paterson198306_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson198306-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was not the first time Digital Research had lagged behind hardware developments; two years earlier it had been slow to adapt CP/M for new <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> formats and <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a>. In April 1980, SCP assigned 24-year-old <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Tim Paterson</a> to develop a substitute for <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using a CP/M-80 manual as reference,<sup id="cite_ref-nerds2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nerds2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paterson modeled 86-DOS after its architecture and interfaces, but adapted to meet the requirements of Intel's 8086 <a href="/wiki/16-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="16-bit">16-bit</a> processor, for easy (and partially automated) source-level translatability of the many existing <a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a> CP/M programs;<sup id="cite_ref-paterson198306_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson198306-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> porting them to either DOS or CP/M-86 was about equally difficult<sup id="cite_ref-edlin19820607_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edlin19820607-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and eased by the fact that Intel had already published a method that could be used to automatically translate software from the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">Intel 8080</a> processor, for which CP/M had been designed, to the new 8086 instruction set.<sup id="cite_ref-paterson198306_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson198306-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time he made a number of changes and enhancements to address what he saw as CP/M's shortcomings. CP/M <a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">cached</a> file system information in memory for speed, but this required a user to force an update to a disk before removing it; if the user forgot, the disk would become corrupt. Paterson took the safer, but slower approach of updating the disk with each operation. CP/M's <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Interchange_Program" title="Peripheral Interchange Program">PIP</a> command, which copied files, supported several special file names that referred to hardware devices such as <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_port_(hardware)" title="Computer port (hardware)">communication ports</a>. Paterson built these names into the operating system as <a href="/wiki/Device_file" title="Device file">device files</a> so that any program could use them. He gave his copying program the more intuitive name <a href="/wiki/COPY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="COPY (DOS command)">COPY</a>. Rather than implementing <a href="/wiki/CP/M#File_system" title="CP/M">CP/M's file system</a>, he drew on Microsoft Standalone Disk BASIC-86's <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">File Allocation Table</a> (FAT) <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By mid-1980 SCP advertised 86-DOS, priced at <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>95 for owners of its US$1,290 8086-board and US$195 for others. It touted the software's ability to read <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80</a> source code from a CP/M disk and translate it to 8086 source code, and promised that only "minor hand correction and optimization" was needed to produce 8086 binaries.<sup id="cite_ref-BYTE_1980_86-DOS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYTE_1980_86-DOS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBM_interest">IBM interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: IBM interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1980, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> was developing what would become the original <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a>. CP/M was by far the most popular operating system in use at the time, and IBM felt that it needed CP/M in order to compete. IBM's representatives visited Digital Research and discussed <a href="/wiki/Licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensing">licensing</a> with Digital Research's licensing representative, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Kildall" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy Kildall">Dorothy Kildall</a> (née McEwen), who hesitated to sign IBM's <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreement</a>. Although the NDA was later accepted, Digital Research would not accept IBM's proposal of US$250,000 in exchange for as many copies as IBM could sell, insisting on the usual <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalty</a>-based plan.<sup id="cite_ref-Freiberger_1984_Fire_Valley_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freiberger_1984_Fire_Valley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later discussions between IBM and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, Gates mentioned the existence of 86-DOS, and IBM representative Jack Sams told him to get a license for it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_PC_DOS">Creation of PC DOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Creation of PC DOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft purchased a non-exclusive license for 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_License_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_License-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in December 1980 for US$25,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In May 1981, it hired Tim Paterson to port the system to the IBM PC,<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which used the slower and less expensive <a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">Intel 8088</a> processor and had its own specific family of peripherals. IBM watched the developments daily,<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> submitting over 300 <a href="/wiki/Change_request" title="Change request">change requests</a> before it accepted the product and wrote the user manual for it. </p><p>In July 1981, a month before the PC's release, Microsoft purchased all rights to 86-DOS from SCP for US$50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Sale-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It met IBM's main criteria: it looked like CP/M,<sup id="cite_ref-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was easy to adapt existing 8-bit CP/M programs to run under it, notably thanks to the <a href="/wiki/TRANS_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRANS (command)">TRANS</a> command which would translate source files from 8080 to 8086 machine instructions. Microsoft licensed 86-DOS to IBM, and it became PC DOS 1.0. This license also permitted Microsoft to sell DOS to other companies, which it did. The deal was spectacularly successful, and SCP later claimed in court that Microsoft had concealed its relationship with IBM in order to purchase the operating system cheaply. SCP ultimately received a US$1 million settlement payment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intellectual_property_dispute">Intellectual property dispute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Intellectual property dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Digital Research founder <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Gary Kildall</a> examined PC DOS and found that it duplicated CP/M's programming interface, he wanted to sue IBM, which at the time claimed that PC DOS was its own product. However, Digital Research's attorney did not believe that the relevant law was clear enough to sue. Nonetheless, Kildall confronted IBM and persuaded them to offer CP/M-86 with the PC in exchange for a release of liability. </p><p>Controversy has continued to surround the similarity between the two systems. Perhaps the most sensational claim came from <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a>, who said that Kildall personally demonstrated to him that DOS contained CP/M code by entering a command in DOS that displayed Kildall's name,<sup id="cite_ref-TWIT_2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWIT_2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NB_Paterson_EasterEgg_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_Paterson_EasterEgg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Pournelle never revealed the command and nobody has come forward to corroborate his story. A 2004 book about Kildall says that he used such an encrypted message to demonstrate that other manufacturers had copied CP/M, but does not say that he found the message in DOS;<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_2004_They_Made_America_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_2004_They_Made_America-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> instead Kildall's memoir (a source for the book) pointed to the well-known interface similarity. Paterson insists that the 86-DOS software was his original work and has denied referring to or otherwise using CP/M code while writing it.<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_1994_Origins_DOS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_1994_Origins_DOS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_1997_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_1997-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 2004 book appeared, he sued the authors and publishers for <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_Today_2005_Programmer_Sues_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_Today_2005_Programmer_Sues-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court ruled in <a href="/wiki/Summary_judgment" title="Summary judgment">summary judgment</a> that no defamation had occurred, as the book's claims were opinions based on research or were not provably false.<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_v_Little_2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_v_Little_2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Versions"><span class="anchor" id="0.10"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.11"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.20"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.30"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.33"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.34"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.42"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.56"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.60"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.74"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.75"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.76"></span><span class="anchor" id="0.80"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.00"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.01"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.10"></span>Versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">QDOS 0.10 </th> <td>1980-07<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Roughly half completed version of the OS.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It implemented the original form of Paterson's derivation of Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/FAT_filesystem" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT filesystem">FAT filesystem</a>. In contrast to the earlier <a href="/wiki/8-bit_FAT" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit FAT">8-bit FAT</a> filesystem found in <a href="/wiki/Standalone_Disk_BASIC-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Standalone Disk BASIC-86">Standalone Disk BASIC-86</a>, this variant already supported 12-bit table elements,<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2007_Design-DOS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2007_Design-DOS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reduced the number of FATs from 3<sup id="cite_ref-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 2, redefined the semantics of some of the reserved cluster values, and modified the disk layout, so that the root directory was now located between the FAT and the data area. Paterson also increased the previous 9-character length limit to 11 characters in order to support <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a>-style <a href="/wiki/8.3_filename" title="8.3 filename">8.3 filenames</a> and <a href="/wiki/File_Control_Block" title="File Control Block">File Control Blocks</a>. This variant, however, still used 16-byte directory entries and therefore is not compatible with what became later known as <a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a> in MS-DOS/PC DOS. Possibly shipped already.<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">QDOS/86-DOS 0.11 </th> <td>1980-08 </td> <td>Bug fix<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shipment.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">QDOS/86-DOS 0.2 </th> <td>1980-08 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EDLIN" class="mw-redirect" title="EDLIN">EDLIN</a> added. Renamed to 86-DOS by August 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-BYTE_1980_86-DOS_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYTE_1980_86-DOS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.3 </th> <td>15 November 1980</td> <td>First version licensed by SCP to Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_License_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_License-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.33 </th> <td>1980-12 </td> <td>First version distributed by SCP to <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEMs</a> and Microsoft as 86-DOS.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_License_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_License-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.34<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>29 December 1980<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Cleaned up release for SCP OEMs including Microsoft. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.42<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>25 February 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>At the indirect request of IBM (through Microsoft<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Sale-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) size of directory entries changed from 16 to 32 bytes (similar to <a href="/wiki/MIDAS_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="MIDAS (operating system)">MDOS/MIDAS</a>) in order to add support for a last-modified date stamp (2 bytes) and theoretical file sizes larger than 16 MB (4 bytes),<sup id="cite_ref-SCP_1981_86-DOS_1.0_Addendum_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCP_1981_86-DOS_1.0_Addendum-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby implementing the earliest form of the <a href="/wiki/12-bit_FAT" class="mw-redirect" title="12-bit FAT">12-bit FAT</a> file system logically fully compatible with what became known as <a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a> in MS-DOS/PC DOS later on. 86-DOS retained the capability to read volumes written under older versions of 86-DOS up to <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_1.14" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 1.14">MS-DOS 1.14</a> at the least, whereas generic <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_1.20" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 1.20">MS-DOS 1.20</a> / <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS_1.1" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS 1.1">PC DOS 1.1</a> and higher no longer supported it. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.56<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>23 March 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Support for disk blocking/deblocking as requested since 1981-01-15.<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Sale-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.60<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>27 March 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>The file <code>DOSIO.ASM</code> found in 86-DOS 1.00 mentions that it is the "I/O System for 86-DOS version 0.60 and later".<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Files-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.74<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>15 April 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Added <a href="/wiki/Device_file" title="Device file">device files</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.75<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>17 April 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Bug fix. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.76<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>23 April 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Bug fix. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 0.80<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>27 April 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Added system calls. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 1.00<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>28 April 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Modified system calls.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Files-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCP_86-DOS_1.0_Files_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCP_86-DOS_1.0_Files-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 1.01<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>12 May 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Bug fix. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 1.10<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>21 July 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Purchased by Microsoft and renamed to MS-DOS on 27 July 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Sale-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> therefore the last version with genuinely matching 86-DOS and MS-DOS version numbers. First version known to implement the 'hidden' attribute. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;" class="table-rh">86-DOS 1.14<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1981-10/11</td> <td>According to Tim Paterson <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS_1.0" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS 1.0">PC DOS 1.0</a> basically reflects 86-DOS 1.14,<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other sources find a match of PC DOS 1.0 with MS-DOS/86-DOS 1.10 as of 21 July 1981 more likely. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commands">Commands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following list of <a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">commands</a> is supported by 86-DOS.<sup id="cite_ref-SCP_1980_86-DOS-UM_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCP_1980_86-DOS-UM-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Internal_commands">Internal commands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Internal commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 9em;"> <ul><li>CLEAR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COPY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="COPY (DOS command)">COPY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIR_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DIR (DOS command)">DIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEL_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEL (DOS command)">ERASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REN_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="REN (DOS command)">RENAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYPE_(DOS_command)" title="TYPE (DOS command)">TYPE</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="External_commands">External commands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 9em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_language#Assembler" title="Assembly language">ASM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHKDSK" title="CHKDSK">CHKDSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEBUG_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEBUG (DOS command)">DEBUG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDLIN" class="mw-redirect" title="EDLIN">EDLIN</a></li> <li>HEX2BIN</li> <li>MAKRDCPM</li> <li>RDCPM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYS_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SYS (DOS command)">SYS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRANS.COM" class="mw-redirect" title="TRANS.COM">TRANS</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="EDLIN">EDLIN</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: EDLIN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1982, when IBM asked Microsoft to release a version of DOS that was compatible with a <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS 2.0">PC DOS 2.0</a> was an almost complete rewrite of DOS, so by March 1983, very little of 86-DOS remained. The most enduring element of 86-DOS was its primitive line editor, <a href="/wiki/EDLIN" class="mw-redirect" title="EDLIN">EDLIN</a>, which remained the only editor supplied with Microsoft versions of DOS until the June 1991 release of <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_5.0" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 5.0">MS-DOS 5.0</a>, which included a <a href="/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">text-based user interface</a> editor called <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_Editor" title="MS-DOS Editor">MS-DOS Editor</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a>. EDLIN can still be used on contemporary machines, since there is an emulated DOS environment up to Windows 10 (32 bit). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supported_disk_formats">Supported disk formats<span class="anchor" id="Formats"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Supported disk formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seattle Computer Products' 86-DOS supported the <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table#FAT12" title="File Allocation Table">FAT12</a> filesystem on a range of 8-inch and 5.25-inch floppy disk drives on <a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100</a> floppy disk controller hardware manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Cromemco" title="Cromemco">Cromemco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Cassette_Interface" title="Tarbell Cassette Interface">Tarbell Electronics</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Star_Computers" title="North Star Computers">North Star Computers</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital_FD1771" title="Western Digital FD1771">Western Digital FD1771</a>-based Cromemco and Tarbell boards supported one-sided, single-density soft-sectored drives. A Tarbell double-density board utilizing the <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital_FD1771" title="Western Digital FD1771">FD1791</a> was supported as well. Later, SCP offered advanced floppy disk controllers, like the Disk Master series. </p><p>86-DOS did not take advantage of a <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#FATID" title="Design of the FAT file system">FAT ID</a> byte<sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_FEh-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/BIOS_parameter_block" title="BIOS parameter block">BIOS parameter block</a> (BPB), as later DOS versions do, to distinguish between different media formats; instead different drive letters were hard-coded at time of compilation to be associated with different physical floppy drives, sides and densities. That meant, depending on its type, a disk had to be addressed under a certain drive letter to be recognized correctly. This concept was later emulated with more flexibility by <a href="/w/index.php?title=DRIVER.SYS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DRIVER.SYS (page does not exist)">DRIVER.SYS</a> under DOS 3.x and later versions. </p><p>Two logical format variants of the 86-DOS 12-bit FAT format existed—the original format with 16-byte directory entries and the later format (since <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#0B">86-DOS 0.42</a>) with 32-byte directory entries. Only the second one is logically compatible with the FAT12 format known since the release of MS-DOS and PC DOS. MS-DOS still cannot mount such volumes, as in absence of a BPB it falls back to retrieve the FAT ID in the FAT entry for <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#CLUST_0" title="Design of the FAT file system">cluster 0</a> to choose among hard-coded disk geometry profiles. In all formats of a volume formatted under MS-DOS that would otherwise be supported by both systems and typically also in all other formats, this ID is located in the first byte of logical sector 1—that is, the volume's second sector with physical <a href="/wiki/Cylinder-head-sector" title="Cylinder-head-sector">cylinder-head-sector</a> (CHS) address 0/0/2 or <a href="/wiki/Logical_block_addressing" title="Logical block addressing">logical block addressing</a> (LBA) address 1—since MS-DOS assumes a single reserved sector, the boot sector. Under 86-DOS, the <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#Bootsector" title="Design of the FAT file system">reserved sectors area</a> is significantly larger (whole tracks), and therefore the prototypical FAT ID <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0xFE</code> (and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0xFF</code>) is located elsewhere on disk, making it impossible for MS-DOS to retrieve it, and even if it would, the hard-coded disk profile associated with it would not take this larger reserved sectors region under 86-DOS into account.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_FEh-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M 2</a> floppy media were readable through <a href="#RDCPM">RDCPM</a>. </p><p>86-DOS did not offer any specific support for <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">fixed disks</a>, but third-party solutions in form of hard disk controllers and corresponding I/O system extensions for 86-DOS were available from companies like <a href="/wiki/Tallgrass_Technologies" title="Tallgrass Technologies">Tallgrass Technologies</a>, making hard disks accessible similar to <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk_variants#Superfloppy" title="Floppy disk variants">superfloppies</a> within the size limits of the FAT12 file system. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Size </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk#8.0" title="Floppy disk">8 inch</a></td> <td>8 inch</td> <td>8 inch</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk#5.25" title="Floppy disk">5.25 inch</a></td> <td>5.25 inch </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Density </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Disk_density#SD" title="Disk density">SD</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disk_density#DD" title="Disk density">DD</a></td> <td>DD</td> <td>SD</td> <td>SD </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Modulation </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modified_Frequency_Modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Modified Frequency Modulation">MFM</a></td> <td>MFM</td> <td>FM</td> <td>FM </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Formatted capacity (KB) </th> <td>250.25<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Files-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>616<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Files-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1232<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Files-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>90<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Files-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>87.5<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Files-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Cylinders (CHS) </th> <td>77</td> <td>77</td> <td>77</td> <td>40</td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Physical sectors / track </th> <td>26</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>18</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Number of heads </th> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Byte payload / physical sector </th> <td>128</td> <td>1024</td> <td>1024</td> <td>128</td> <td>256 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Bytes / logical sector </th> <td>128</td> <td>1024</td> <td>1024</td> <td>128</td> <td>256 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Logical sectors / cluster </th> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Reserved logical sectors </th> <td>52 (2 tracks)</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>54 (3 tracks)</td> <td>30 (3 tracks) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Number of FATs </th> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Root directory entries<br />(á 32 bytes,<br />86-DOS 0.42 and higher only) </th> <td>64 (16 sectors)</td> <td>96 (3 sectors)</td> <td>128 (4 sectors)</td> <td>64 (16 sectors)</td> <td>64 (8 sectors) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Root directory entries<br />(á 16 bytes) </th> <td>64</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td>64</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Total logical sectors </th> <td>2002</td> <td>616</td> <td>1232</td> <td>720</td> <td>350 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Logical sectors / FAT </th> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">6?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Hidden sectors </th> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Logical sector order </th> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Sector mapping </th> <td>sector+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ head+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ track+ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">First physical sector </th> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Sector index </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Soft</a></td> <td>Soft</td> <td>Soft</td> <td>Soft</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sectoring" title="Hard sectoring">Hard</a> (10+1) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Controller type </th> <td>Cromemco/Tarbell <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital_FD1771" title="Western Digital FD1771">FD1771</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Cassette_Interface" title="Tarbell Cassette Interface">Tarbell</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital_FD1771" title="Western Digital FD1771">FD1791</a></td> <td>Tarbell FD1791</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cromemco" title="Cromemco">Cromemco</a> FD1771</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Star_Computers" title="North Star Computers">NorthStar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#FATID" title="Design of the FAT file system">FAT ID</a> </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No (FEh)<sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_FEh-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No (FEh)<sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_ELSE_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_ELSE-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No (FEh)<sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_ELSE_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_ELSE-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No (FEh)<sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_ELSE_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_ELSE-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No (FEh)<sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_ELSE_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_ELSE-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/BIOS_parameter_block" title="BIOS parameter block">BPB</a> presence </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Various OEM versions of MS-DOS 1.2x and 2.x supported a number of similar 8-inch FAT12 floppy disk formats as well, although not identical to those supported by 86-DOS.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_FEh-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Disk formats supported by one of the last versions developed by Tim Paterson at Microsoft, <a href="/wiki/SCP_MS-DOS_1.25" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP MS-DOS 1.25">MS-DOS 1.25</a> <sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCP_MS-DOS_1.25_Files_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCP_MS-DOS_1.25_Files-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shustek_2014_MS-DOS_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shustek_2014_MS-DOS-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Levin_2014_MS-DOS_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levin_2014_MS-DOS-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (March 1982) for the <i>SCP Gazelle</i> computer with SCP controller or Cromemco 16FDC controller (by default, this version only supported the MS-DOS-compatible variants of the 8.0 in formats with a single reserved sector but it could be built to provide two extra drive letters to read and write floppies in the previous SCP 86-DOS 8.0 in disk formats since 0.42 as well): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Size </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk#8.0" title="Floppy disk">8 inch</a></td> <td>8 inch</td> <td>8 inch</td> <td>8 inch</td> <td>8 inch</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk#5.25" title="Floppy disk">5.25</a> inch</td> <td>5.25 inch</td> <td>5.25 inch </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Density </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Disk_density#SD" title="Disk density">SD</a></td> <td>SD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disk_density#DD" title="Disk density">DD</a></td> <td>DD</td> <td>DD</td> <td>SD</td> <td>DD</td> <td>DD </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Modulation </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a></td> <td>FM</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modified_Frequency_Modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Modified Frequency Modulation">MFM</a></td> <td>MFM</td> <td>MFM</td> <td>FM</td> <td>MFM</td> <td>MFM </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Formatted capacity (KB) </th> <td style="background:#F2F2F2;">250.25 (SCP)</td> <td>250.25 (MS)</td> <td>616</td> <td style="background:#F2F2F2;">1232 (SCP)</td> <td>1232 (MS)</td> <td>90</td> <td>160</td> <td>320 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Cylinders (CHS) </th> <td>77</td> <td>77</td> <td>77</td> <td>77</td> <td>77</td> <td>40</td> <td>40</td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Physical sectors / track<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_0Dh_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_0Dh-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>26</td> <td>26</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>18</td> <td>8</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Number of heads<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_0Fh_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_0Fh-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Byte payload / physical sector </th> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>1024</td> <td>1024</td> <td>1024</td> <td>128</td> <td>512</td> <td>512 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Bytes / logical sector<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_00h_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_00h-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>1024</td> <td>1024</td> <td>1024</td> <td>128</td> <td>512</td> <td>512 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Logical sectors / cluster<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_02h_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_02h-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Reserved logical sectors<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_03h_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_03h-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="background:#F2F2F2;">52 (2 tracks)</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>54 (3 tracks)</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Number of FATs<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_05h_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_05h-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Root directory entries<br />(á 32 bytes)<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_06h_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_06h-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="background:#F2F2F2;">64 (16 sectors)</td> <td>68 (17 sectors)</td> <td>96 (3 sectors)</td> <td style="background:#F2F2F2;">128 (4 sectors)</td> <td>192 (6 sectors)</td> <td>64 (16 sectors)</td> <td>64 (4 sectors)</td> <td>112 (7 sectors) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Total logical sectors<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_08h_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_08h-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>2002</td> <td>2002</td> <td>616</td> <td>1232</td> <td>1232</td> <td>720</td> <td>320</td> <td>640 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Logical sectors / FAT<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_0Bh_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_0Bh-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">6?</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Hidden sectors<sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_11h_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_11h-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>0</td> <td>0<sup id="cite_ref-NB_Microsoft_Hidden_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_Microsoft_Hidden-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Total number of clusters </th> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td>497</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td>1227</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td>313</td> <td>315 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Logical sector order </th> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Sector mapping </th> <td>sector+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ head+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ head+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ track+</td> <td>sector+/ head+/ track+ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">First physical sector </th> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Sector index </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Soft</a></td> <td>Soft</td> <td>Soft</td> <td>Soft</td> <td>Soft</td> <td>Soft</td> <td>Soft</td> <td>Soft </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Controller type </th> <td>Cromemco / Tarbell <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital_FD1771" title="Western Digital FD1771">FD1771</a></td> <td>Cromemco / Tarbell FD1771</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Cassette_Interface" title="Tarbell Cassette Interface">Tarbell</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital_FD1771" title="Western Digital FD1771">FD1791</a> / <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital_FD1771" title="Western Digital FD1771">FD1793</a></td> <td>Tarbell FD1791 / FD1793</td> <td>Tarbell FD1791 / FD1793</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cromemco" title="Cromemco">Cromemco</a> 4FDC FD1771</td> <td>SCP / Cromemco 16FDC</td> <td>SCP / Cromemco 16FDC </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#FATID" title="Design of the FAT file system">FAT ID</a><sup id="cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_FATID_FEh-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NB_BPB_0Ah_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_BPB_0Ah-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>FEh</td> <td>FEh</td> <td>FEh</td> <td>FEh</td> <td>FEh</td> <td>FEh</td> <td>FEh</td> <td>FFh </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/BIOS_parameter_block" title="BIOS parameter block">BPB</a> Presence </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1984 Seattle Computer Products released an OEM version of <a href="/wiki/SCP_MS-DOS_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP MS-DOS 2.0">MS-DOS 2.0</a> for the SCP S-100 computer with SCP-500 Disk Master Floppy controller. It added support for 5.25 in DD/1S (180 KB) and DD/2S (360 KB) FAT12 formats and supported the older formats as well, although possibly with some of the parameters modified compared to <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_1.25" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 1.25">MS-DOS 1.25</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bob_2009_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bob_2009-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MIDAS_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="MIDAS (operating system)">MIDAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NB_Paterson_EasterEgg-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_Paterson_EasterEgg_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Somewhat ironically in the context of <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a>'s claim that <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Gary Kildall</a> demonstrated to him a way to display Kildall's name in DOS, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Tim Paterson</a> claims to have hidden an <a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter egg (software)">easter egg</a>, displaying his <i>own</i> name, in the <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> code of <a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a> 1, when he developed this <a href="/wiki/Z80" class="mw-redirect" title="Z80">Z80</a>-based <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> clone resembling 86-DOS/<a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_1.25" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 1.25">MS-DOS 1.25</a> in 1983: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (2014-02-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msx.org/wiki/The_History_of_MSX-DOS">"The History of MSX-DOS"</a>. Jorito, Maggoo, John Hassink, MSX Resource Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+MSX-DOS&rft.pub=Jorito%2C+Maggoo%2C+John+Hassink%2C+MSX+Resource+Center&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msx.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_History_of_MSX-DOS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_FATID_FEh-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_FEh_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">8.0" 250.25 KB images formatted under 86-DOS 1.00 sport a FAT ID of FEh, however, in contrast to MS-DOS/PC DOS, 86-DOS does not seem to use this to detect the disk format, as this information is hard-coded into disk profiles associated to certain drive letters at compile-time. MS-DOS would not be able to mount such volumes as (in absence of a BPB) it expects the FAT ID in logical sector 1, assuming only one reserved sector of 512 bytes (the boot sector in logical sector 0) instead of the 52 reserved sectors á 128 bytes used by 86-DOS here. This works for MS-DOS, because the system files are not part of the reserved area under MS-DOS, while under 86-DOS there are no system files and the ca. 6 KB large DOS kernel is located in the reserved area.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_FATID_ELSE-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_ELSE_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_ELSE_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_ELSE_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_FATID_ELSE_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Executing the <a href="/wiki/CLEAR_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CLEAR (DOS command)"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">CLEAR</code></a> command under 86-DOS 1.00 COMMAND.COM seems to initialize a volume's FAT ID byte to FEh regardless of disk drive and format used.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_0Dh-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_0Dh_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the number of physical sectors per track corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB30_OFS_0Dh" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x0D</code></a> under DOS 3.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_0Fh-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_0Fh_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the number of heads corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB30_OFS_0Fh" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x0F</code></a> under DOS 3.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_00h-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_00h_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the bytes per logical sector corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB20_OFS_00h" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x00</code></a> under DOS 2.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_02h-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_02h_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the logical sectors per cluster (allocation units) corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB20_OFS_02h" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x02</code></a> under DOS 2.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_03h-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_03h_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the number of reserved logical sectors corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB20_OFS_03h" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x03</code></a> under DOS 2.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_05h-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_05h_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the number of FATs corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB20_OFS_05h" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x05</code></a> under DOS 2.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_06h-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_06h_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the number of root directory entries (á 32 bytes) corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB20_OFS_06h" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x06</code></a> under DOS 2.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_08h-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_08h_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the total number of logical sectors corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB20_OFS_08h" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x08</code></a> under DOS 2.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_0Bh-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_0Bh_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the number of logical sectors per FAT corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB20_OFS_0Bh" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x0B</code></a> under DOS 2.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_11h-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_11h_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the number of hidden sectors corresponds with BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB30_OFS_11h" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x11</code></a> under DOS 3.0 and higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_Microsoft_Hidden-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_Microsoft_Hidden_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For unknown reasons, some Microsoft documents give a value of 3 for this entry, where 0 seems correct technically. SCP MS-DOS 1.25 implicitly assumes 0 as well.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_BPB_0Ah-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_BPB_0Ah_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOS 1.x does not support a <a href="/wiki/BIOS_Parameter_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="BIOS Parameter Block">BPB</a>, but this entry for the <a href="/wiki/FAT_ID" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT ID">FAT ID</a> corresponds with the media descriptor byte at BPB offset <a href="/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#BPB20_OFS_0Ah" title="Design of the FAT file system"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x0A</code></a> under DOS 2.0 and higher.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_2019_Presentation-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2019_Presentation_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2018" class="citation web cs1">Paterson, Tim (2018-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2Qh0O3Dt10">"The Original DOS and the Old Days"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. Mountain View, CA, United States: Vintage Computer Federation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Original+DOS+and+the+Old+Days&rft.date=2018-08-05&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DR2Qh0O3Dt10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beley_1986_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenGatesKingLarson1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Allen, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Gates, Bill</a>; King, Adrian; Larson, Chris; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Letwin" title="Gordon Letwin">Letwin, Gordon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bob_O%27Rear" title="Bob O'Rear">O'Rear, Bob</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a>; Peters, Chris; Phillips, Bruce; <a href="/wiki/Aaron_R._Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron R. Reynolds">Reynolds, Aaron</a>; Stillmaker, Betty; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zbikowski" title="Mark Zbikowski">Zbikowski, Mark</a> (1986). "Technical advisors". <i>MS-DOS (Versions 1.0-3.2) Technical Reference Encyclopedia</i>. By Bornstein, Howard; Bredehoeft, Lawrence; Duncan, Ray; Morris, Carol; Rose, David; <a href="/wiki/John_Socha" title="John Socha">Socha, John</a>; Tomlin, Jim; Vian, Kathleen; Wolverton, Van. Beley, Jim; Preppernau, Barry; Beason, Pam; Lewis, Andrea; Rygmyr, David (eds.). Microsoft Reference Library. Vol. 1 (Original withdrawn ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-914845-69-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-914845-69-1"><bdi>0-914845-69-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/86-8640">86-8640</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/635600205">635600205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Technical+advisors&rft.btitle=MS-DOS+%28Versions+1.0-3.2%29+Technical+Reference+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Redmond%2C+Washington%2C+USA&rft.series=Microsoft+Reference+Library&rft.edition=Original+withdrawn&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F635600205&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F86-8640&rft.isbn=0-914845-69-1&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Gates%2C+Bill&rft.au=King%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Larson%2C+Chris&rft.au=Letwin%2C+Gordon&rft.au=O%27Rear%2C+Bob&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Tim&rft.au=Peters%2C+Chris&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Aaron&rft.au=Stillmaker%2C+Betty&rft.au=Zbikowski%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (xvii+1053 pages; 29 cm) (NB. This original edition contains flowcharts of the internal workings of the system. It was withdrawn by Microsoft before mass-distribution in 1986 because it contained many factual errors as well as some classified information which should not have been published. Few printed copies survived. It was replaced by a completely reworked edition in 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/larryosterman/2004/06/14/does-anyone-remember-the-original-ms-dos-encyclopedia/">[1]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1983_Roots_of_DOS_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter1983" class="citation magazine cs1">Hunter, David (March 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190906120449/http://www.patersontech.com/dos/softalk.aspx">"The Roots of DOS: Tim Paterson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Softalk" title="Softalk">Softalk</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patersontech.com/dos/softalk.aspx">the original</a> on 2019-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Softalk&rft.atitle=The+Roots+of+DOS%3A+Tim+Paterson&rft.date=1983-03&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patersontech.com%2Fdos%2Fsoftalk.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paterson198306-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-paterson198306_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson198306_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson198306_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson1983" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (June 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-06/1983_06_BYTE_08-06_16-Bit_Designs#page/n229/mode/2up">"An Inside Look at MS-DOS - The design decisions behind the popular operating system"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i>. 6. <b>8</b>. <a href="/wiki/Byte_Publications_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Byte Publications Inc.">Byte Publications Inc.</a>: 230<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=An+Inside+Look+at+MS-DOS+-+The+design+decisions+behind+the+popular+operating+system&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=230&rft.date=1983-06&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1983-06%2F1983_06_BYTE_08-06_16-Bit_Designs%23page%2Fn229%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. The article often uses "MS-DOS" to refer to both 86-DOS and MS-DOS, but mentions QDOS and 86-DOS in a sidebar article, "A Short History of MS-DOS".)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nerds2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nerds2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">Cringely, Robert X. (June 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/nerds/part2.html">"Part II"</a>. <i>Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires</i>. Season 1. PBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Triumph+of+the+Nerds%3A+The+Rise+of+Accidental+Empires&rft.series=Season+1&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnerds%2Fpart2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edlin19820607-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edlin19820607_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdlin1982" class="citation journal cs1">Edlin, Jim (1982-06-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w_OhaFDePS4C&pg=RA2-PA43">"CP/M Arrives - IBM releases a tailed-for-the-PC version of CP/M-86 that profits from the learning curve"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>: 43<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=CP%2FM+Arrives+-+IBM+releases+a+tailed-for-the-PC+version+of+CP%2FM-86+that+profits+from+the+learning+curve&rft.pages=43&rft.date=1982-06-07&rft.aulast=Edlin&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw_OhaFDePS4C%26pg%3DRA2-PA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BYTE_1980_86-DOS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BYTE_1980_86-DOS_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BYTE_1980_86-DOS_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeattle_Computer_Products1980" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> (August 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1980-08/1980_08_BYTE_05-08_The_Forth_Language#page/n173/mode/2up">"86-DOS - 8086 OPERATING SYSTEM - $95"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i> (Advertisement). Vol. 5, no. 8. <a href="/wiki/BYTE_Publications_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE Publications Inc.">BYTE Publications Inc.</a> p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-5280">0360-5280</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/CODEN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CODEN (identifier)">CODEN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=codens&exactMatch=y&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=BYTEDJ">BYTEDJ</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=86-DOS+-+8086+OPERATING+SYSTEM+-+%2495&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=173&rft.date=1980-08&rft.issn=0360-5280&rft.au=Seattle+Computer+Products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1980-08%2F1980_08_BYTE_05-08_The_Forth_Language%23page%2Fn173%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/acrobat/8008-a.pdf">[2]</a> (NB. The SCP advertisement already calls the product <i>86-DOS</i>, but does not mention a specific version number. Version 0.3 is known to be called 86-DOS already, so the name change must have taken place either for version 0.2 or immediately afterwards in August 1980.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freiberger_1984_Fire_Valley-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freiberger_1984_Fire_Valley_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreibergerSwaine2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Freiberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Freiberger">Freiberger, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swaine_(technical_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Swaine (technical author)">Swaine, Michael</a> (2000) [1984]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0/page/332"><i>Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer</i></a> (2nd ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0/page/332">332–333</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-135892-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-135892-7"><bdi>0-07-135892-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+in+the+Valley%3A+The+Making+of+the+Personal+Computer&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=332-333&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-07-135892-7&rft.aulast=Freiberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Swaine%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffireinvalleymaki00frei_0%2Fpage%2F332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86-DOS_License-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_License_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_License_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_License_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00001.pdf">"86-DOS version 0.3 (1980-11-15) License Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1981-01-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218165128/http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00001.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=86-DOS+version+0.3+%281980-11-15%29+License+Agreement+between+Seattle+Computer+Products+and+Microsoft&rft.date=1981-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantitrust.slated.org%2Fwww.iowaconsumercase.org%2F011607%2F0000%2FPX00001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. Published as part of the <a href="/wiki/Comes_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes v. Microsoft">Comes v. Microsoft</a> case as exhibit #1.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86-DOS_Sale-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00002.pdf">"86-DOS Sales Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1981-07-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219011420/http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00002.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=86-DOS+Sales+Agreement+between+Seattle+Computer+Products+and+Microsoft&rft.date=1981-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantitrust.slated.org%2Fwww.iowaconsumercase.org%2F011607%2F0000%2FPX00002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. Published as part of the <a href="/wiki/Comes_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes v. Microsoft">Comes v. Microsoft</a> case as exhibit #2. The document also carries a typed date stamp as of 1981-07-22.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZbikowskiAllenBallmerBorman1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zbikowski" title="Mark Zbikowski">Zbikowski, Mark</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Allen, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Ballmer, Steve</a>; Borman, Reuben; Borman, Rob; Butler, John; Carroll, Chuck; Chamberlain, Mark; Chell, David; Colee, Mike; Courtney, Mike; Dryfoos, Mike; Duncan, Rachel; Eckhardt, Kurt; Evans, Eric; Farmer, Rick; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Gates, Bill</a>; Geary, Michael; Griffin, Bob; Hogarth, Doug; Johnson, James W.; Kermaani, Kaamel; King, Adrian; Koch, Reed; Landowski, James; Larson, Chris; Lennon, Thomas; Lipkie, Dan; <a href="/wiki/Marc_McDonald" title="Marc McDonald">McDonald, Marc</a>; McKinney, Bruce; Martin, Pascal; Mathers, Estelle; Matthews, Bob; Melin, David; Mergentime, Charles; Nevin, Randy; Newell, Dan; Newell, Tani; Norris, David; O'Leary, Mike; <a href="/wiki/Bob_O%27Rear" title="Bob O'Rear">O'Rear, Bob</a>; Olsson, Mike; Osterman, Larry; Ostling, Ridge; Pai, Sunil; <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a>; Perez, Gary; Peters, Chris; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Petzold" title="Charles Petzold">Petzold, Charles</a>; Pollock, John; <a href="/wiki/Aaron_R._Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron R. Reynolds">Reynolds, Aaron</a>; Rubin, Darryl; Ryan, Ralph; Schulmeisters, Karl; Shah, Rajen; Shaw, Barry; Short, Anthony; Slivka, Ben; Smirl, Jon; Stillmaker, Betty; Stoddard, John; Tillman, Dennis; Whitten, Greg; Yount, Natalie; Zeck, Steve (1988). "Technical advisors". <i>The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2</i>. By Duncan, Ray; Bostwick, Steve; Burgoyne, Keith; Byers, Robert A.; Hogan, Thom; Kyle, Jim; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Letwin" title="Gordon Letwin">Letwin, Gordon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Petzold" title="Charles Petzold">Petzold, Charles</a>; Rabinowitz, Chip; Tomlin, Jim; Wilton, Richard; Wolverton, Van; Wong, William; Woodcock, JoAnne (Completely reworked ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55615-049-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55615-049-0"><bdi>1-55615-049-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/87-21452">87-21452</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16581341">16581341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Technical+advisors&rft.btitle=The+MS-DOS+Encyclopedia%3A+versions+1.0+through+3.2&rft.place=Redmond%2C+Washington%2C+USA&rft.pages=20&rft.edition=Completely+reworked&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16581341&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F87-21452&rft.isbn=1-55615-049-0&rft.aulast=Zbikowski&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Allen%2C+Paul&rft.au=Ballmer%2C+Steve&rft.au=Borman%2C+Reuben&rft.au=Borman%2C+Rob&rft.au=Butler%2C+John&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Chuck&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+Mark&rft.au=Chell%2C+David&rft.au=Colee%2C+Mike&rft.au=Courtney%2C+Mike&rft.au=Dryfoos%2C+Mike&rft.au=Duncan%2C+Rachel&rft.au=Eckhardt%2C+Kurt&rft.au=Evans%2C+Eric&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Rick&rft.au=Gates%2C+Bill&rft.au=Geary%2C+Michael&rft.au=Griffin%2C+Bob&rft.au=Hogarth%2C+Doug&rft.au=Johnson%2C+James+W.&rft.au=Kermaani%2C+Kaamel&rft.au=King%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Koch%2C+Reed&rft.au=Landowski%2C+James&rft.au=Larson%2C+Chris&rft.au=Lennon%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Lipkie%2C+Dan&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Marc&rft.au=McKinney%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Martin%2C+Pascal&rft.au=Mathers%2C+Estelle&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Bob&rft.au=Melin%2C+David&rft.au=Mergentime%2C+Charles&rft.au=Nevin%2C+Randy&rft.au=Newell%2C+Dan&rft.au=Newell%2C+Tani&rft.au=Norris%2C+David&rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+Mike&rft.au=O%27Rear%2C+Bob&rft.au=Olsson%2C+Mike&rft.au=Osterman%2C+Larry&rft.au=Ostling%2C+Ridge&rft.au=Pai%2C+Sunil&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Tim&rft.au=Perez%2C+Gary&rft.au=Peters%2C+Chris&rft.au=Petzold%2C+Charles&rft.au=Pollock%2C+John&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Aaron&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Darryl&rft.au=Ryan%2C+Ralph&rft.au=Schulmeisters%2C+Karl&rft.au=Shah%2C+Rajen&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Barry&rft.au=Short%2C+Anthony&rft.au=Slivka%2C+Ben&rft.au=Smirl%2C+Jon&rft.au=Stillmaker%2C+Betty&rft.au=Stoddard%2C+John&rft.au=Tillman%2C+Dennis&rft.au=Whitten%2C+Greg&rft.au=Yount%2C+Natalie&rft.au=Zeck%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/">[3]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TWIT_2006-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TWIT_2006_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation podcast cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130418203921/http://www.twit.tv/73">"this WEEK in TECH"</a>. <i>The TWiT Netcast Network</i> (Podcast). 2006-10-16. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twit.tv/73">the original</a> on 2013-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=this+WEEK+in+TECH&rft.date=2006-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twit.tv%2F73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans_2004_They_Made_America-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_2004_They_Made_America_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansBucklandLefer2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Evans" title="Harold Evans">Evans, Harold</a>; Buckland, Gail; <a href="/wiki/David_Lefer" title="David Lefer">Lefer, David</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theymadeamericaf00evan"><i>They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Little, Brown and Co.">Little, Brown and Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-27766-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-27766-5"><bdi>0-316-27766-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Made+America%3A+From+the+Steam+Engine+to+the+Search+Engine%3A+Two+Centuries+of+Innovators&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Co.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-316-27766-5&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.au=Buckland%2C+Gail&rft.au=Lefer%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheymadeamericaf00evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_1994_Origins_DOS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_1994_Origins_DOS_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (1994-10-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120531090452/http://www.ece.umd.edu/courses/enee759m.S2000/papers/paterson1994-kildall.pdf">"The Origins of DOS: DOS Creator Gives His View of Relationship Between CP/M, MS-DOS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Microprocessor_Report" title="Microprocessor Report">Microprocessor Report</a></i>. <b>8</b> (13). <a href="/wiki/MicroDesign_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="MicroDesign Resources">MicroDesign Resources</a> (MDR). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0899-9341">0899-9341</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ece.umd.edu/courses/enee759m.S2000/papers/paterson1994-kildall.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-05-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microprocessor+Report&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+DOS%3A+DOS+Creator+Gives+His+View+of+Relationship+Between+CP%2FM%2C+MS-DOS&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=13&rft.date=1994-10-03&rft.issn=0899-9341&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ece.umd.edu%2Fcourses%2Fenee759m.S2000%2Fpapers%2Fpaterson1994-kildall.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_1997-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_1997_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson1997" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (1997-05-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FxChL0Kr_3EC&pg=PA24">"DOS Testimony"</a>. Letters. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. Vol. 16, no. 9. <a href="/wiki/Ziff-Davis_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziff-Davis Publishing Company">Ziff-Davis Publishing Company</a>. p. 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203162831/https://books.google.de/books?id=FxChL0Kr_3EC&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=fat+binary+CP%2FM+DOS&source=bl&ots=SeFn_exfIs&sig=ACfU3U2_QqyBIMQ2fyPm03_R53gpW7tKUw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNhpn4hcj0AhWn_7sIHW1AAho4PBDoAXoECCEQAw#v=onepage&q=fat%20binary%20CP%2FM%20DOS&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=DOS+Testimony&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1997-05-06&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFxChL0Kr_3EC%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_Today_2005_Programmer_Sues-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today_2005_Programmer_Sues_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-03-02-ms-coding-dis_x.htm">"Programmer sues author over role in Microsoft history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. Associated Press. 2005-02-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Programmer+sues+author+over+role+in+Microsoft+history&rft.date=2005-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Ftech%2Fnews%2F2005-03-02-ms-coding-dis_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_v_Little_2007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_v_Little_2007_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Washington">United States District Court for the Western District of Washington</a> (2007-07-25) [2005-02-28]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003165746/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/ABPub/2007/07/26/2003806592.pdf">"Paterson v. Little, Brown, and Co., et al. - Order"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Times">Seattle Times</a></i>. Seattle, Washington, USA. Case 2:05-cv-01719-TSZ Document 29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/ABPub/2007/07/26/2003806592.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Paterson+v.+Little%2C+Brown%2C+and+Co.%2C+et+al.+-+Order&rft.date=2007-07-25&rft.au=United+States+District+Court+for+the+Western+District+of+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattletimes.nwsource.com%2FABPub%2F2007%2F07%2F26%2F2003806592.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_2007_Design-DOS-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2007_Design-DOS_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (2007-09-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120075653/http://dosmandrivel.blogspot.com/2007/09/design-of-dos.html">"Design of DOS"</a>. <i>DosMan Drivel</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dosmandrivel.blogspot.com/2007/09/design-of-dos.html">the original</a> on 2013-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DosMan+Drivel&rft.atitle=Design+of+DOS&rft.date=2007-09-30&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdosmandrivel.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F09%2Fdesign-of-dos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulmanBrownMaxeyMichels1994" class="citation book cs1">Schulman, Andrew; <a href="/wiki/Ralf_D._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralf D. Brown">Brown, Ralf D.</a>; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) [November 1993]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/undocumenteddosp00andr_0"><i>Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1</i></a> (2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Addison_Wesley" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison Wesley">Addison Wesley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-63287-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-63287-X"><bdi>0-201-63287-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Undocumented+DOS%3A+A+programmer%27s+guide+to+reserved+MS-DOS+functions+and+data+structures+-+expanded+to+include+MS-DOS+6%2C+Novell+DOS+and+Windows+3.1&rft.place=Reading%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-201-63287-X&rft.aulast=Schulman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Brown%2C+Ralf+D.&rft.au=Maxey%2C+David&rft.au=Michels%2C+Raymond+J.&rft.au=Kyle%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fundocumenteddosp00andr_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5"-floppy) Errata: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417215556/http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/ralf/pub/books/UndocumentedDOS/errata.ud2">[4]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417212906/https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/programming/Undocumented_DOS/#errata-2nd-edition">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_1983_Byte_Short_History_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson1983" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (June 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031040606/http://www.patersontech.com/dos/byte%E2%80%93history.aspx">"A Short History of MS-DOS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i>. <b>8</b> (6 ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-5280">0360-5280</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patersontech.com/dos/byte%E2%80%93history.aspx">the original</a> on 2015-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=A+Short+History+of+MS-DOS&rft.volume=8&rft.date=1983-06&rft.issn=0360-5280&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patersontech.com%2Fdos%2Fbyte%25E2%2580%2593history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. This source mentions the 1981-07-27 as the date of purchase.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2014_MSDOS125_22-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (2013-12-19) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/microsoft-research-license-agreement-msdos-v1-1-v2-0/">"Microsoft DOS V1.1 and V2.0: /msdos/v11source/MSDOS.ASM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+DOS+V1.1+and+V2.0%3A+%2Fmsdos%2Fv11source%2FMSDOS.ASM&rft.pub=Computer+History+Museum%2C+Microsoft&rft.date=2013-12-19&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Fatchm%2Fmicrosoft-research-license-agreement-msdos-v1-1-v2-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. While the publishers claim this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is <a href="/wiki/SCP_MS-DOS_1.25" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP MS-DOS 1.25">SCP MS-DOS 1.25</a> and a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Altos_MS-DOS_2.11" class="mw-redirect" title="Altos MS-DOS 2.11">Altos MS-DOS 2.11</a> and <a href="/wiki/TeleVideo_PC_DOS_2.11" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11">TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCP_1981_86-DOS_1.0_Addendum-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCP_1981_86-DOS_1.0_Addendum_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeattle_Computer_Products1981" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/seattleComputer/86-DOS_1.0_Addendum.pdf">"SCP 86-DOS 1.0 Addendum"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219013028/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/seattleComputer/86-DOS_1.0_Addendum.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SCP+86-DOS+1.0+Addendum&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Seattle+Computer+Products&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de%2Fpdf%2FseattleComputer%2F86-DOS_1.0_Addendum.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (1+14+1 pages)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86-DOS_Files-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Files_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.86dos.org/downloads/86DOS_FILES.ZIP,">A ZIP file containing most of the files from 86-DOS 0.75 (1981-04-17/1981-04-18) to 1.00/1.10 (1981-07-21)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCP_86-DOS_1.0_Files-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCP_86-DOS_1.0_Files_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schorn.ch/cpm/zip/86dos.zip">86-DOS 1.00 disk images for SIMH simulator</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCP_1980_86-DOS-UM-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCP_1980_86-DOS-UM_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714004434/http://www.patersontech.com/dos/docs/86_Dos_usr_03.pdf"><i>86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - User's Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Version 0.3 (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Computer Products, Inc.">Seattle Computer Products, Inc.</a> 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patersontech.com/Dos/docs/86_Dos_usr_03.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=86-DOS+-+Disk+Operating+System+for+the+8086+-+User%27s+Manual&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington%2C+USA&rft.series=Version+0.3&rft.edition=Preliminary&rft.pub=Seattle+Computer+Products%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1980&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patersontech.com%2FDos%2Fdocs%2F86_Dos_usr_03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (59 pages)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCP_MS-DOS_1.25_Files-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCP_MS-DOS_1.25_Files_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schorn.ch/cpm/zip/msdos125.zip">MS-DOS 1.25 disk images for SIMH simulator</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shustek_2014_MS-DOS-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shustek_2014_MS-DOS_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShustek2014" class="citation web cs1">Shustek, Len (2014-03-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/microsoft-ms-dos-early-source-code/">"Microsoft MS-DOS early source code"</a>. Software Gems: <a href="/wiki/The_Computer_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Computer History Museum">The Computer History Museum</a> Historical Source Code Series<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+MS-DOS+early+source+code&rft.series=Software+Gems%3A+The+Computer+History+Museum+Historical+Source+Code+Series&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft.aulast=Shustek&rft.aufirst=Len&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Fatchm%2Fmicrosoft-ms-dos-early-source-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. While the author claims this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is <a href="/wiki/SCP_MS-DOS_1.25" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP MS-DOS 1.25">SCP MS-DOS 1.25</a> and a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Altos_MS-DOS_2.11" class="mw-redirect" title="Altos MS-DOS 2.11">Altos MS-DOS 2.11</a> and <a href="/wiki/TeleVideo_PC_DOS_2.11" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11">TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levin_2014_MS-DOS-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levin_2014_MS-DOS_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2014" class="citation web cs1">Levin, Roy (2014-03-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328094124/http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2014/03/25/microsoft-makes-source-code-for-ms-dos-and-word-for-windows-available-to-public.aspx">"Microsoft makes source code for MS-DOS and Word for Windows available to public"</a>. <i>Official Microsoft Blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2014/03/25/microsoft-makes-source-code-for-ms-dos-and-word-for-windows-available-to-public.aspx">the original</a> on 2014-03-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Microsoft+Blog&rft.atitle=Microsoft+makes+source+code+for+MS-DOS+and+Word+for+Windows+available+to+public&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.technet.com%2Fb%2Fmicrosoft_blog%2Farchive%2F2014%2F03%2F25%2Fmicrosoft-makes-source-code-for-ms-dos-and-word-for-windows-available-to-public.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. While the author claims this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is <a href="/wiki/SCP_MS-DOS_1.25" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP MS-DOS 1.25">SCP MS-DOS 1.25</a> and a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Altos_MS-DOS_2.11" class="mw-redirect" title="Altos MS-DOS 2.11">Altos MS-DOS 2.11</a> and <a href="/wiki/TeleVideo_PC_DOS_2.11" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11">TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bob_2009-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bob_2009_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130904203728/http://bartosh.us/s-100/">"Seattle Computer Products 8086 S-100 Bus Microcomputer - Picture of 8.0" DD/1S distribution floppy disks for SCP MS-DOS 2.0"</a>. 2009-11-22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bartosh.us/s-100/">the original</a> on 2013-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seattle+Computer+Products+8086+S-100+Bus+Microcomputer+-+Picture+of+8.0%22+DD%2F1S+distribution+floppy+disks+for+SCP+MS-DOS+2.0&rft.date=2009-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbartosh.us%2Fs-100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bitsavers.org/pdf/seattleComputer/86-DOS_0.3_Programmers_Manual_1980.pdf"><i>86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - Programmer's Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Version 0.3 (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Computer Products, Inc.">Seattle Computer Products, Inc.</a> 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=86-DOS+-+Disk+Operating+System+for+the+8086+-+Programmer%27s+Manual&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington%2C+USA&rft.series=Version+0.3&rft.edition=Preliminary&rft.pub=Seattle+Computer+Products%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.org%2Fpdf%2FseattleComputer%2F86-DOS_0.3_Programmers_Manual_1980.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A86-DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (41 pages)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=86-DOS&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506004555/http://www.patersontech.com/dos/origins-of-dos.aspx">86-DOS documentation</a> from Paterson Technology</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208014302/http://www.86dos.org/index.htm">Run SCP 86-DOS 1.0</a> in the Altair 8800 SIMH simulator by Howard M. Harte</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disk_operating_systems_(DOS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating systems</a> (DOS)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,<br />compatible systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*API_*Timeline_*Comparison_*Commands_*Games"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOS_API" title="DOS API">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Timeline of DOS operating systems">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Comparison of DOS operating systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_DOS_games" title="Index of DOS games">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_4.0_(multitasking)" title="MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)">Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/V" title="DOS/V">DOS/V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="H-DOS">H-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM-DOS">ROM-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SISNE_plus" title="SISNE plus">SISNE plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTS-DOS" title="PTS-DOS">PTS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_4680_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 4680 OS">4680 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4690_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="4690 OS">4690 OS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">86-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADOS_(Russian_operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="ADOS (Russian operating system)">ADOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/K" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/K">CP/K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datapac_System_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Datapac System Manager">Datapac System Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K8918-OS" class="mw-redirect" title="K8918-OS">K8918-OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NetWare PalmDOS">NetWare PalmDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS">OpenDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-MOS/386" title="PC-MOS/386">PC-MOS/386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-86" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-86">SB-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCP1700" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP1700">SCP1700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towns_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns OS">Towns OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaDOS" title="AmigaDOS">AmigaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMSDOS" title="AMSDOS">AMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANDOS" title="ANDOS">ANDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">Apple ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">Apple SOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_DOS" title="Atari DOS">Atari DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_TOS" title="Atari TOS">Atari TOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="BW-DOS">BW-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_DOS" title="Commodore DOS">Commodore DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_68K" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 68K">Concurrent DOS 68K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_V60" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS V60">Concurrent DOS V60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromemco_DOS" title="Cromemco DOS">Cromemco DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSI-DOS" title="CSI-DOS">CSI-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_BATCH-11/DOS-11" title="DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11">DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIP_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DIP DOS">DIP DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/360" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/360">DOS/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_XL" title="DOS XL">DOS XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edos" title="Edos">Edos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOS_(8-bit_operating_system)" title="EOS (8-bit operating system)">EOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(operating_system)" title="FLEX (operating system)">FLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEMDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMDOS">GEMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEDOS" title="IDEDOS">IDEDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDOS" title="IMDOS">IMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-DOS" title="IS-DOS">iS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myarc_Disk_Operating_System" title="Myarc Disk Operating System">MDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MicroDOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MicroDOS (page does not exist)">MicroDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="MyDOS">MyDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewDos/80" title="NewDos/80">NewDos/80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/M" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/M">OS/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTDOS" title="PTDOS">PTDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="RealDOS">RealDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-80" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-80">SB-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_User_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Single User Control Program">SCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QDOS" title="Sinclair QDOS">Sinclair QDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_General_RDOS" title="Data General RDOS">RDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartDOS">SmartDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SpartaDOS">SpartaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS_X" title="SpartaDOS X">SpartaDOS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Support_SuperDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Support SuperDOS">Technical Support SuperDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-DOS">Top-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-DOS" title="TR-DOS">TR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRSDOS" title="TRSDOS">TRSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="UDOS">UDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-DOS" title="Z-DOS">Z-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Disk_operating_systems" title="Category:Disk operating systems">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_disk_operating_systems_called_DOS" title="List of disk operating systems called DOS">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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