CINXE.COM
PCI Zoology
<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en-us"> <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <!-- www.phpied.com/conditional-comments-block-downloads/ --> <!-- Always force latest IE rendering engine (even in intranet) & Chrome Frame Remove this if you use the .htaccess --> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <!-- Mobile Viewport Fix j.mp/mobileviewport & davidbcalhoun.com/2010/viewport-metatag device-width: Occupy full width of the screen in its current orientation initial-scale = 1.0 retains dimensions instead of zooming out if page height > device height user-scalable = yes allows the user to zoom in --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>PCI Zoology</title> <!-- http://dev.w3.org/html5/markup/meta.name.html --> <meta name="application-name" content="PCIZool"> <!-- Speaking of Google, don't forget to set your site up: http://google.com/webmasters --> <meta name="google-site-verification" content=""> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400i,700" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/favicon.png" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/favicon.png" /> <!-- include stylesheets --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/web2py-bootstrap3.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/pci.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/pci-gab.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/pci-gab-common.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/components/navbar.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/components/page-title.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/components/recommendations.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/components/buttons.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/components/thematic-search.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/components/user-public-profile.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/components/web2py-forms.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/components/toggle.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/pci-timo.css"/> <!-- All JavaScript at the bottom, except for Modernizr which enables HTML5 elements & feature detects --> <script src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/js/modernizr-2.8.3.min.js"></script> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- // These variables are used by the web2py_ajax_init function in web2py_ajax.js (which is loaded below). var w2p_ajax_confirm_message = "Are you sure you want to delete this object?"; var w2p_ajax_disable_with_message = "Working..."; var w2p_ajax_date_format = "%Y-%m-%d"; var w2p_ajax_datetime_format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"; var ajax_error_500 = 'An error occured, please <a href="/">reload</a> the page' //--></script> <meta name="description" content="Peer Community in Zoology" /> <meta name="generator" content="Web2py Web Framework" /> <script src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/js/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script><link href="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/css/calendar.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><script src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/js/calendar.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/js/web2py.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- this includes jquery.js, calendar.js/.css and web2py.js --> <script src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/js/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <!-- MathJax --> <script id="MathJax-script" async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-chtml-full.js"></script> <!-- TinyMCE --> <script src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/js/tinymce/tinymce.min.js" referrerpolicy="origin"></script> <!-- TinyMCE MathJax plugin--> <script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/js/tinymce-mathjax/plugin.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/js/cookie.js"></script> </head> <body class=" "> <!--[if lt IE 8]><p class="browserupgrade">You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please <a href="http://browsehappy.com/">upgrade your browser</a> to improve your experience.</p><![endif]--> <div class="w2p_flash alert alert-dismissable"></div> <script> const pciRRactivated = false; </script> <!-- Navbar ======================================= --> <nav class="navbar "> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="main-logo"> <a href="/"> <img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/pci-logo.svg" id="pci-logo"> </a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="web2py-menu-first web2py-menu-active"><a href="/"><img src="/PCIZool/static/images/small-background.png" style="height:40px" /></a></li></ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav bam"><li class="dropdown web2py-menu-active"><a href="#"><span><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign"></i>About</span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/about/about"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-text-color"></i>About</span></a></li><li><a href="https://peercommunityin.org/current-pcis/" target="_blank"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-link"></i>Other PCIs</span></a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="https://peercommunityin.org/pci-and-journals/" target="_blank"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-link"></i>PCI and journals</span></a></li><li><a href="https://peercommunityin.org/pc-journal/" target="_blank"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-link"></i>Peer Community Journal</span></a></li><li><a href="/about/pci_friendly_journals"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-file"></i>PCI-friendly Journals</span></a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="/about/recommenders"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></i>Recommenders</span></a></li><li><a href="/about/thanks_to_reviewers"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-heart"></i>Thanks to Reviewers</span></a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="/about/ethics"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-list-alt"></i>Code of Conduct</span></a></li><li><a href="/about/contact"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-envelope"></i>Contact & Credits</span></a></li><li><a href="/about/gtu"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-wrench"></i>General Terms of Use</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown web2py-menu-active"><a href="#"><span><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign"></i>Help</span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/help/help_generic"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-wrench"></i>How does it work?</span></a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="/help/guide_for_authors"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-book"></i>Guide for Authors</span></a></li><li><a href="/help/guide_for_reviewers"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-book"></i>Guide for Reviewers</span></a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="/help/guide_for_recommenders"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-book"></i>Guide for Recommenders</span></a></li><li><a href="/help/become_a_recommenders"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-user"></i>Become a Recommender</span></a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="/help/help_practical"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-wrench"></i>How to...?</span></a></li><li><a href="/help/faq"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign"></i>FAQs</span></a></li><li><a href="/help/cite"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></i>How should you cite an article?</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown"><a href="#"><span class="pci-manager"><span class="pci-enhancedMenuItem"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-log-in"></i>Log in</span></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/default/user/login"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-log-in"></i>Log in</span></a></li><li><a href="/default/user/register"><span><i class="pci2-icon-margin-right glyphicon glyphicon-edit"></i>Sign up</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </nav> <!-- Masthead ===================================== --> <header id='pci-home-header'> <span> <img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/background.png"> </span> </header> <!-- Main ========================================= --> <!-- Page Title --> <!-- Begin page content --> <div class="container-fluid main-container flex-container row" id="main-content"> <div class="col-md-9"> <!-- --> <div style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; text-align:left;"> <a href="/user/new_submission" class="btn btn-success pci-public submit-front" > Submit a preprint </a> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-center"> <div class="pci-pageTitleText" style="width: 100%; max-width: 1200px;"><div class="pci-infotextbox"><div class="pci-text-buttons"></div><div class="pci-text-title pci-text-buttons-no-margin"><p></p> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-center"> <div style="max-width: 1200px;"><div class="pci-infotextbox"><div class="pci-text-buttons" style="max-width:1200px"></div><div class="pci-infotext" style="max-width:1200px"><p></p> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="pci-leftOfPanel"> <div id="main-page-search-grid"> <div class="web2py_grid action-button-absolute undisplay-records "><div class="web2py_console " style="display:none"><div id="w2p_query_panel" style="display:flex"><select class="form-control" id="w2p_query_fields" onchange="jQuery('.w2p_query_row').hide();jQuery('#w2p_field_'+jQuery('#w2p_query_fields').val().replace('.','-')).show();" style="float:left"><option style="display:none" value="v_article.id">Id</option><option selected="selected" value="v_article.title"><span>Title<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></option><option value="v_article.authors"><span>Authors<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></option><option class="integer-field" value="v_article.article_year"><span>Year<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></option><option value="v_article.abstract"><span>Abstract<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></option><option value="v_article.keywords">Keywords (optional)</option><option value="v_article.methods_require_specific_expertise">Methods that require specific expertise (optional)</option><option value="v_article.thematics"><span>Thematic fields<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></option><option value="v_article.submission_date">Submission date</option><option value="v_article.recommender">Recommender</option><option value="v_article.reviewers">Reviewers</option></select><div class="w2p_query_row" id="w2p_field_v_article-title" style="display:flex"><select class="form-control"><option style="display:none" value="=">=</option><option class="not_contains" value="not contains">not contains</option><option style="display:none" value="<"><</option><option style="display:none" value=">">></option><option style="display:none" value="<="><=</option><option style="display:none" value=">=">>=</option><option style="display:none" value="starts with">starts with</option><option selected="selected" value="contains">contains</option><option style="display:none" value="in">in</option><option style="display:none" value="not in">not in</option></select><input class="string form-control" id="w2p_value_v_article-title" type="text" /><input class="btn btn-default add-btn" onclick="new_search(this)" style="background-color:#93c54b" title="Start building a new search" type="button" value="SEARCH" /><input class="btn btn-default and-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('and','v_article.title')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an AND term" type="button" value="+ And" /><input class="btn btn-default or-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('or','v_article.title')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an OR term" type="button" value="+ Or" /><input class="btn btn-default" onclick="jQuery('#w2p_query_panel').slideUp()" style="display:none" type="button" value="Close" /></div><div class="w2p_query_row" id="w2p_field_v_article-authors" style="display:none"><select class="form-control"><option style="display:none" value="=">=</option><option class="not_contains" value="not contains">not contains</option><option style="display:none" value="<"><</option><option style="display:none" value=">">></option><option style="display:none" value="<="><=</option><option style="display:none" value=">=">>=</option><option style="display:none" value="starts with">starts with</option><option selected="selected" value="contains">contains</option><option style="display:none" value="in">in</option><option style="display:none" value="not in">not in</option></select><input class="string form-control" id="w2p_value_v_article-authors" type="text" /><input class="btn btn-default add-btn" onclick="new_search(this)" style="background-color:#93c54b" title="Start building a new search" type="button" value="SEARCH" /><input class="btn btn-default and-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('and','v_article.authors')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an AND term" type="button" value="+ And" /><input class="btn btn-default or-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('or','v_article.authors')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an OR term" type="button" value="+ Or" /><input class="btn btn-default" onclick="jQuery('#w2p_query_panel').slideUp()" style="display:none" type="button" value="Close" /></div><div class="w2p_query_row" id="w2p_field_v_article-article_year" style="display:none"><select class="form-control"><option class="contains" value="contains">contains</option><option class="not_contains" value="not contains">not contains</option><option style="display:none" value="<"><</option><option style="display:none" value=">">></option><option style="display:none" value="<="><=</option><option style="display:none" value=">=">>=</option><option style="display:none" value="in">in</option><option style="display:none" value="not in">not in</option></select><input class="integer form-control" id="w2p_value_v_article-article_year" name="article_year" type="text" value="" /><input class="btn btn-default add-btn" onclick="new_search(this)" style="background-color:#93c54b" title="Start building a new search" type="button" value="SEARCH" /><input class="btn btn-default and-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('and','v_article.article_year')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an AND term" type="button" value="+ And" /><input class="btn btn-default or-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('or','v_article.article_year')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an OR term" type="button" value="+ Or" /><input class="btn btn-default" onclick="jQuery('#w2p_query_panel').slideUp()" style="display:none" type="button" value="Close" /></div><div class="w2p_query_row" id="w2p_field_v_article-abstract" style="display:none"><select class="form-control"><option style="display:none" value="=">=</option><option class="not_contains" value="not contains">not contains</option><option style="display:none" value="<"><</option><option style="display:none" value=">">></option><option style="display:none" value="<="><=</option><option style="display:none" value=">=">>=</option><option style="display:none" value="starts with">starts with</option><option selected="selected" value="contains">contains</option><option style="display:none" value="in">in</option><option style="display:none" value="not in">not in</option></select><input class="text form-control" id="w2p_value_v_article-abstract" type="text" /><input class="btn btn-default add-btn" onclick="new_search(this)" style="background-color:#93c54b" title="Start building a new search" type="button" value="SEARCH" /><input class="btn btn-default and-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('and','v_article.abstract')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an AND term" type="button" value="+ And" /><input class="btn btn-default or-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('or','v_article.abstract')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an OR term" type="button" value="+ Or" /><input class="btn btn-default" onclick="jQuery('#w2p_query_panel').slideUp()" style="display:none" type="button" value="Close" /></div><div class="w2p_query_row" id="w2p_field_v_article-keywords" style="display:none"><select class="form-control"><option style="display:none" value="=">=</option><option class="not_contains" value="not contains">not contains</option><option style="display:none" value="<"><</option><option style="display:none" value=">">></option><option style="display:none" value="<="><=</option><option style="display:none" value=">=">>=</option><option style="display:none" value="starts with">starts with</option><option selected="selected" value="contains">contains</option><option style="display:none" value="in">in</option><option style="display:none" value="not in">not in</option></select><input class="string form-control" id="w2p_value_v_article-keywords" type="text" /><input class="btn btn-default add-btn" onclick="new_search(this)" style="background-color:#93c54b" title="Start building a new search" type="button" value="SEARCH" /><input class="btn btn-default and-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('and','v_article.keywords')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an AND term" type="button" value="+ And" /><input class="btn btn-default or-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('or','v_article.keywords')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an OR term" type="button" value="+ Or" /><input class="btn btn-default" onclick="jQuery('#w2p_query_panel').slideUp()" style="display:none" type="button" value="Close" /></div><div class="w2p_query_row" id="w2p_field_v_article-methods_require_specific_expertise" style="display:none"><select class="form-control"><option style="display:none" value="=">=</option><option class="not_contains" value="not contains">not contains</option><option style="display:none" value="<"><</option><option style="display:none" value=">">></option><option style="display:none" value="<="><=</option><option style="display:none" value=">=">>=</option><option style="display:none" value="starts with">starts with</option><option selected="selected" value="contains">contains</option><option style="display:none" value="in">in</option><option style="display:none" value="not in">not in</option></select><input class="string form-control" id="w2p_value_v_article-methods_require_specific_expertise" type="text" /><input class="btn btn-default add-btn" onclick="new_search(this)" style="background-color:#93c54b" title="Start building a new search" type="button" value="SEARCH" /><input class="btn btn-default and-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('and','v_article.methods_require_specific_expertise')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an AND term" type="button" value="+ And" /><input class="btn btn-default or-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('or','v_article.methods_require_specific_expertise')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an OR term" type="button" value="+ Or" /><input class="btn btn-default" onclick="jQuery('#w2p_query_panel').slideUp()" style="display:none" type="button" value="Close" /></div><div class="w2p_query_row" id="w2p_field_v_article-thematics" style="display:none"><select class="form-control"><option style="display:none" value="=">=</option><option class="not_contains" value="not contains">not contains</option><option style="display:none" value="<"><</option><option style="display:none" value=">">></option><option style="display:none" value="<="><=</option><option style="display:none" value=">=">>=</option><option style="display:none" value="starts with">starts with</option><option selected="selected" value="contains">contains</option><option style="display:none" value="in">in</option><option style="display:none" value="not in">not in</option></select><select class="form-control" id="w2p_value_v_article-thematics"><option value=""></option><option value="Acari">Acari</option><option value="Amphibians">Amphibians</option><option value="Anatomy">Anatomy</option><option value="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</option><option value="Aquatic">Aquatic</option><option value="Arachnids">Arachnids</option><option value="Archaeozoology">Archaeozoology</option><option value="Behavior">Behavior</option><option value="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</option><option value="Biocontrol">Biocontrol</option><option value="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</option><option value="Biogeography">Biogeography</option><option value="Biological invasions">Biological invasions</option><option value="Biology">Biology</option><option value="Biomechanics">Biomechanics</option><option value="Biomimetics">Biomimetics</option><option value="Birds">Birds</option><option value="Carnivores">Carnivores</option><option value="Cetology">Cetology</option><option value="Chordates">Chordates</option><option value="Computer modelling">Computer modelling</option><option value="Conservation biology">Conservation biology</option><option value="Crustacea">Crustacea</option><option value="Cytogenetics">Cytogenetics</option><option value="Demography/population dynamics">Demography/population dynamics</option><option value="Development">Development</option><option value="Diplura">Diplura</option><option value="Ecology">Ecology</option><option value="Ecosystems">Ecosystems</option><option value="Embryonology">Embryonology</option><option value="Evo-devo">Evo-devo</option><option value="Evolution">Evolution</option><option value="Fish">Fish</option><option value=" Forensics"> Forensics</option><option value="Genetics/Genomics">Genetics/Genomics</option><option value="Geometric morphometrics">Geometric morphometrics</option><option value="Helminthology">Helminthology</option><option value="Herbivores">Herbivores</option><option value="Herpetology">Herpetology</option><option value="Histology">Histology</option><option value="Ichthyology">Ichthyology</option><option value="Insecta">Insecta</option><option value="Insectivores">Insectivores</option><option value="Invertebrates">Invertebrates</option><option value="Kinematics">Kinematics</option><option value="Life histories">Life histories</option><option value="Malacology">Malacology</option><option value="Mammalogy">Mammalogy</option><option value="Mammals">Mammals</option><option value="Marine">Marine</option><option value="Medical entomology">Medical entomology</option><option value="Methodology">Methodology</option><option value="Molecular biology">Molecular biology</option><option value="Morphology">Morphology</option><option value="Nematology">Nematology</option><option value="Palaeozoology">Palaeozoology</option><option value="Parasitology">Parasitology</option><option value="Pathology">Pathology</option><option value="Pesticide resistance">Pesticide resistance</option><option value="Pest management">Pest management</option><option value="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</option><option value="Physiology">Physiology</option><option value="Primatology">Primatology</option><option value="Protozoology">Protozoology</option><option value=" Protura"> Protura</option><option value="Reptiles">Reptiles</option><option value="Symbiosis">Symbiosis</option><option value="Systematics">Systematics</option><option value="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</option><option value="Terrestrial">Terrestrial</option><option value="Theoretical biology">Theoretical biology</option><option value=" Toxicology"> Toxicology</option><option value="Vertebrates">Vertebrates</option><option value="Veterinary entomology">Veterinary entomology</option><option value="Zoogeography">Zoogeography</option><option value="Zoography">Zoography</option><option value="Zoometry">Zoometry</option><option value="Zootomy">Zootomy</option></select><input class="btn btn-default add-btn" onclick="new_search(this)" style="background-color:#93c54b" title="Start building a new search" type="button" value="SEARCH" /><input class="btn btn-default and-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('and','v_article.thematics')" style="display:none" title="Add this to the search as an AND term" type="button" value="+ And" /><input class="btn btn-default or-btn" onclick="w2p_build_query('or','v_article.thematics')" 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style="width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-ms-overflow-x:scroll"><table><colgroup><col data-column="1" id="v_article-id" /><col data-column="2" id="v_article-title" /><col data-column="3" id="v_article-authors" /><col data-column="4" id="v_article-abstract" /><col data-column="5" id="v_article-anonymous_submission" /><col data-column="6" id="v_article-article_source" /><col data-column="7" id="v_article-last_status_change" /><col data-column="8" id="v_article-uploaded_picture" /><col data-column="9" id="v_article-status" /><col data-column="10" id="v_article-art_stage_1_id" /><col data-column="11" id="v_article-already_published" /><col data-column="12" id="v_article-doi" /><col data-column="13" id="v_article-thematics" /><col data-column="14" id="v_article-recommender" /><col data-column="15" id="v_article-reviewers" /><col data-column="16" id="v_article-submission_date" /><col data-column="17" id="v_article-scheduled_submission_date" /><col data-column="18" /></colgroup><thead><tr class=""><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.id">Id</a></th><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.title"><span>Title<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></a></th><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.authors"><span>Authors<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></a></th><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.abstract"><span>Abstract<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></a></th><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.uploaded_picture"><span>Picture<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></a></th><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.thematics"><span>Thematic fields<span style="color:red;"> * </span></span></a></th><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.recommender">Recommender</a></th><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.reviewers">Reviewers</a></th><th class=""><a href="/?order=v_article.submission_date">Submission date</a></th><th class=""></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr class="w2p_odd odd with_id" id="354"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>13 Dec 2024 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=354')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.a8b6e9f0bd72e69a.696c6c757374726174696f6e5f5043492e706e67.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Intra- and interspecific variations in flight performance of oak-associated Agrilinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) using computerised flight mills </span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Elodie Le Souchu, Aurélien Sallé, Stéphanie Bankhead-Dronnet, Mathieu Laparie, Daniel Sauvard</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.01.601558" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.01.601558</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>A comparative study of flight performance and the factors affecting the flight behaviour of oak-associated Agrilinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)</span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=104"><b>Pedro Abellan</b></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-5083" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="margin-right: 3px; position: relative; bottom: 12px; left: 2px" target="_blank" title="0000-0001-5566-5083"><img alt="ORCID_LOGO" heigth="12px" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/ORCID_ID.svg" width="12px" /></a></span> based on reviews by 2 anonymous reviewers</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p>Some insects are known to be phytosanitary threats on a wide diversity of plants and can have important economic and ecological impacts in their native area. This is the case of some species within the jewel beetle subfamily Agrilinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), which are associated with broadleaf forest declines and diebacks (Jendek & Poláková, 2014). These thermophilous borers are expected to be favoured by climate change and the global deterioration of forest health, and ultimately expand their range and damage. </p> <p>Active flight plays a crucial role in the life strategies of most insects, facilitating essential activities such as mate searching, locating trophic resources, finding favorable environmental conditions, and dispersing to or colonizing new geographic areas (Dudley, 2002). Studying flight capacities provides valuable insights into the ecology of these species and helps estimate their ability to spread within new environments. Assessing the flight capacities of pest and alien species is therefore critical for evaluating their dispersal potential and for designing effective monitoring and control strategies. </p> <p>The study by Le Souchu et al. (2024) aimed to assess intra- and interspecific variability in active flight of several Agrilinae species and to evaluate the effects of sex and mass on this variability. Using computerised flight mills, they assessed the flight performance of twelve species, most of them associated with oaks. A key feature of the study is the extensive dataset used, which reveals significant variability in flight distance and capacity among species and individuals. Body mass positively influenced flight capacity in some species, while no sexual dimorphism was observed. The findings suggest a generally low average dispersal propensity within these species and highlight the critical role of rare, exceptional individuals in driving colonization and spread patterns at both population and species levels.</p> <p>Overall, the study provides a valuable comparative analysis of flight behavior and performance in several Agrilinae species associated with oak forests. Because flight behaviour and performance of these insects are poorly known despite their critical role in dispersal inside and outside native ranges and their relevance for management purposes, this study contributes to filling this gap. From a broader perspective, the findings revealed several common traits among the studied species and provide insights into the influence of different factors on flight activity.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Dudley, R. (2002) The biomechanics of insect flight: form, function, evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691186344</p> <p>Jendek, E., Poláková, J. (2014) Host Plants of World Agrilus (Coleoptera, Buprestidae). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08410-7</p> <p>Le Souchu, E., Sallé, A., Bankhead-Dronnet, S., Laparie, M., Sauvard, S. (2024) Intra- and interspecific variations in flight performance of oak-associated Agrilinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) using computerised flight mills . bioRxiv, ver.2 peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Zoology https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.01.601558</p> <p> </p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=354" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Intra- and interspecific variations in flight performance of oak-associated Agrilinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) using computerised flight mills </td><td>Elodie Le Souchu, Aurélien Sallé, Stéphanie Bankhead-Dronnet, Mathieu Laparie, Daniel Sauvard</td><td><p style="text-align: justify;">Several Agrilinae species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) are secondary pests of broadleaf forests, and some of them are also major invasive pests. These thermophilous borers are expected to be favoured by climate change ...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.a8b6e9f0bd72e69a.696c6c757374726174696f6e5f5043492e706e67.png" width="100" /></td><td>Behavior, Biology, Ecology, Insecta</td><td>Pedro Abellan</td><td></td><td>2024-07-05 22:50:58</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/354"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_even even with_id" id="320"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>14 Oct 2024 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=320')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.a24a8826f1a64732.494d475f32303232303531325f3131353833322e6a7067.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Negative impact of mild arid conditions on a rodent revealed using a physiological approach in natura</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Hamilcar S. Keilani, Nico L. Avenant, Pierre Caminade, Neville Pillay, Guila Ganem</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.11.583554" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.11.583554</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>Physiological Adaptations to Arid Conditions in South African Rodents: A Comparative Study of Rhabdomys Species</span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=164"><b>Vincent Foray</b></a> based on reviews by 2 anonymous reviewers</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p style="text-align: justify;">Understanding how organisms are affected by environmental variations is a central question in ecophysiology and evolutionary ecology, particularly in the context of global changes(Fuller et al., 2016). Environmental variations challenge organisms' ability to maintain homeostasis leading to divergent adaptations between habitat specialists and generalists (Kawecki and Ebert, 2004). The article by (Keilani et al.) (2024) presents an original contribution to this field by focusing on the response to dry conditions in two rodent species from semi-arid regions of South Africa. The two species, <em>Rhabdomys bechuanae</em> and <em>R.dilectus dilectus</em>, have different environmental niches : <em>R.dilectus dilectus</em> occurring in mesic habitats while <em>R. bechuanae</em> is found in semi-arid and arid habitats. Previous studies highlighted morphological and behavioral adaptations to arid conditions in <em>R. bechuanae</em> (Dufour et al., 2019), the current study focuses on the physiological responses of the two species to seasonal dry conditions. By analyzing body condition, markers of kidney and liver functions, and habitat characteristics the authors aim to understand how aridity impacts parapatric populations of the two species. They hypothesize that i) the aridity of the habitat tend to increase during the dry season, ii) both species can adjust their physiology to dry conditions thanks to phenotypic plasticity, and iii) <em>R. bechuanae</em>, having evolved in arid environments, will cope better with dry conditions than <em>R. d. dilectus</em>.<br>Consistent with their prediction, Keilani et al (2024) found physiological divergence between the two species. They also observed six blood markers (out of 12 tested) showing significant temporal changes, indicating resource depletion as the dry season progressed, even though the year of study was influenced by a relatively mild La Niña event (i.e. wet year). Both species displayed similar physiological responses to the dry conditions, such as reduced blood albumin level by the end of the dry season, confirming albumin as a reliable indicator of malnutrition and nutrient deficiency (AL Eissa et al., 2012). In terms of interspecific differences, <em>R. bechuanae</em> exhibited better water regulation, with lower sodium, potassium, and total bilirubin levels, which may indicate adaptation to drier environments. The study concludes that <em>R. bechuanae</em> appears better adapted to cope with arid conditions, highlighting the importance of physiological studies in understanding species' responses to climate change, and suggests that harsher dry seasons could further challenge <em>R. d. dilectus</em>, particularly in semi-arid zones. This study underscores the value of studying species in their natural environments to fully understand the scope and limitations of their responses to environmental changes.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Dufour, C.M.S., Pillay, N., Avenant, N., Watson, J., Loire, E., and Ganem, G. (2019) Habitat characteristics and species interference influence space use and nest-site occupancy: implications for social variation in two sister species. Oikos128: 503-516.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05357 " target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05357 </a><br> <br>AL Eissa, M.S., Saad, A., Al Farraj, S.A., Saud, A.A., Al Dahmash, B., and Hamad, A.Y. (2012) Seasonal variation effects on the composition of blood in Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) in Saudi Arabia. Afr J Biotechnol 11: 1283-1286.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.2004" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.2004</a><br> <br>Fuller, A., Mitchell, D., Maloney, S.K., and Hetem, R.S. (2016) Towards a mechanistic understanding of the responses of large terrestrial mammals to heat and aridity associated with climate change. Climate Change Responses 3: 10.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40665-016-0024-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40665-016-0024-1</a> </p> <p>Hamilcar S. Keilani, Nico L. Avenant, Pierre Caminade, Neville Pillay, Guila Ganem (2024) Negative impact of mild arid conditions on a rodent revealed using a physiological approach in natura. bioRxiv, ver.9 peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Zoology <br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.11.583554">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.11.583554</a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=320" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Negative impact of mild arid conditions on a rodent revealed using a physiological approach in natura</td><td>Hamilcar S. Keilani, Nico L. Avenant, Pierre Caminade, Neville Pillay, Guila Ganem</td><td><p>1. Understanding how organisms respond to seasonal variations in their environment can be a window to their potential adaptability, a classical problem in evolutionary ecology. In the context of climate change, inducing increased aridity and di...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.a24a8826f1a64732.494d475f32303232303531325f3131353833322e6a7067.jpg" width="100" /></td><td>Ecology, Evolution, Physiology</td><td>Vincent Foray</td><td></td><td>2024-05-02 18:38:29</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/320"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_odd odd with_id" id="282"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>19 Aug 2024 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=282')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.a3a5ceeb4fd96de4.53706f726573204620332e6a7067.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Dose, temperature and formulation shape Metarhizium anisopliae virulence against the oriental fruit fly: lessons for improving on-target control strategies</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Anais Chailleux, Oumou N. Coulibaly, Babacar Diouf, Samba Diop, Ahmad Sohel, Thierry Brevault</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.14.571642" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.14.571642</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>Optimizing fungal pathogen strategies for oriental fruit fly control</span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=65"><b>Kévin Tougeron</b></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-3787" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="margin-right: 3px; position: relative; bottom: 12px; left: 2px" target="_blank" title="0000-0003-4897-3787"><img alt="ORCID_LOGO" heigth="12px" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/ORCID_ID.svg" width="12px" /></a></span> based on reviews by <span>François Verheggen</span> and <span>Papa Djibril Faye</span></span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p>Using entomopathogenic fungi for biological control is an effective method for controlling certain crop pests, with the perspective of reducing the use of chemical pesticides. Yet, the efficiency of pathogenic fungi is dependent upon many factors that need to be evaluated to improve biological control potential in the fields (Lacey, 2001). The article by Chailleux et al. (2024) presents an exciting contribution to the field of biological pest control, specifically focusing on using entomopathogenic fungi to manage the oriental fruit fly, <em>Bactrocera dorsalis</em>. This fly, a member of the Tephritidae family, is a major threat to orchards in Asia, the Pacific and Africa, as it attacks fruit and causes considerable damage, in addition to having a relatively rapid biological invasion dynamic (Clarke et al. 2005). </p> <p>The objective of the Chailleux et al. (2024) study was to evaluate the virulence of <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> spores (strain Met69) on <em>B. dorsalis</em> adult flies according to various conditions: the inoculation dose and spore load, the formulation (adjuvant) and temperature conditions. The focus on host specificity and on-target applications was conducted to ensure minimal impact on non-target organisms, which is crucial for sustainable agriculture. The main challenge in this system was to achieve high strain virulence to kill wild individuals with a low number of spores—therefore limiting impact on non-target species such as natural enemies—but with a sufficient incubation period to allow transmission from mass-reared insects to wild conspecifics (Leite et al. 2022). A comparison of different inoculation methods is also provided and is interesting from a methodological point of view for future studies or even large-scale applications.</p> <p>Using a well-designed experimental setup, the authors show that high pathogenicity (measured by LD50) is achievable even at low spore doses and independently of the fly's sex. Lethal action speed was, however, dependent on the dose. Regarding temperature, the authors demonstrated that mycelium growth was affected by the mean temperature but, most importantly, by daily fluctuation regimes; night and day temperature alternation allowed faster growth than constant temperature. These notions of thermal fluctuations are still under-researched in terms of their modulating role in biological control yet seem central to understanding them, as the authors demonstrate here. The correlation between increased virulence and specific abiotic factors, such as temperature, offers valuable additional insights into the bioecology of the insect host and the fungal pathogen. Chailleux et al. finally point out the need for careful selection of adjuvants in formulations and pay attention to interactions with the abiotic environment to avoid compromising the effectiveness of biological control agents. Indeed, the survival rate of inoculated flies increased in the presence of the corn starch adjuvant, but this effect decreased with temperature. As corn starch unexpectedly delayed mortality, the authors suggest a potential for enhancing conspecific transmission</p> <p>From a broader perspective, the study emphasizes the importance of standardizing virulence evaluation to optimize biological control strategies like auto-dissemination or vectoring with sterile males, particularly in field conditions. The study contributions are timely and essential for advancing sustainable pest management strategies and improving inoculation methods. The findings underscore the need for field trials to refine these strategies, particularly in Africa, where climatic factors may affect pathogen efficacy and fly behavior. I recommend publishing this article in a referenced journal like the Peer Community Journal. </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Chailleux, A. Coulibaly, ON, Diouf B, Diop S, Sohel A, Brevault T (2023) Dose, temperature and formulation shape Metarhizium anisopliae virulence against the oriental fruit fly: lessons for improving on-target control strategies. bioRxiv, ver.2 peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Zoology <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.14.571642">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.14.571642</a></p> <p>Clarke, A. R. et al. (2005). Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent tropical evolutionary radiation: the Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies. Annu. Rev. Entomol., <strong>50</strong>, 293-319. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130428">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130428</a></p> <p>Lacey, L. A. (2001). Formulation of microbial biopesticides: beneficial microorganisms, nematodes and seed treatments. J Invertebr Pathol, <strong>77</strong>, 147. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.5005">https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.5005</a></p> <p>Leite, M. O. et al. (2022). Laboratory risk assessment of three entomopathogenic fungi used for pest control toward social bee pollinators. Microorganisms, <strong>10</strong>, 1800. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091800">https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091800</a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=282" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Dose, temperature and formulation shape Metarhizium anisopliae virulence against the oriental fruit fly: lessons for improving on-target control strategies</td><td>Anais Chailleux, Oumou N. Coulibaly, Babacar Diouf, Samba Diop, Ahmad Sohel, Thierry Brevault</td><td><p>Entomopathogenic fungi are a promising tool for the biological control of crop pests provided low or no impact on non-target organisms. Selection for host specificity as well as on-target applications open new avenues for more sustainable stra...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.a3a5ceeb4fd96de4.53706f726573204620332e6a7067.jpg" width="100" /></td><td>Biocontrol, Insecta, Pest management</td><td>Kévin Tougeron</td><td></td><td>2023-12-18 11:59:30</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/282"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_even even with_id" id="248"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>31 Jul 2024 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=248')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.8dad668e84ec7c6a.666967757265332e706e67.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Cross-transmission of resistant gastrointestinal nematodes between wildlife and transhumant sheep</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Camille Beaumelle, Carole Toigo, Rodolphe Papet, Slimania Benabed, Mathieu Beurier, Lea Bordes, Anais Brignone, Nadine Curt-Grand-Gaudin, Mathieu Garel, Justine Ginot, Philippe Jacquiet, Christian Miquel, Marie-Therese Poirel, Anna Serafino, Eric Vannard, Gilles Bourgoin, Glenn Yannic</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.21.550073" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.21.550073</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>What gets left behind? Shared nematode communities at the wildlife-livestock interface. </span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=62"><b>Karen D McCoy</b></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-3808" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="margin-right: 3px; position: relative; bottom: 12px; left: 2px" target="_blank" title="0000-0002-8972-3808"><img alt="ORCID_LOGO" heigth="12px" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/ORCID_ID.svg" width="12px" /></a></span> based on reviews by 2 anonymous reviewers</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p style="text-align: justify;">Gastrointestinal nematodes represent a major problem for livestock production across the globe, one that has intensified with the rapid and repeated evolution of multi-drug resistance (Wit et al., 2021). Understanding parasite exposure and how resistance is maintained over time are therefore of key importance for defining efficient management strategies. To date, the role wildlife play in these dynamics has been poorly studied. The work of Beaumelle et al. examine this essential question by studying the transmission dynamics of nematodes at the environmental interface between transhumant sheep and wild ungulates, more specifically with ibex (Capra ibex) that allochronically share alpine pastures when sheep are brought to graze in summer. By collecting fresh fecal material from both species and using a metabarcoding approach based on ITS-2 sequences, the authors characterise the nemabiome in each ungulate species and demonstrate that the two host species share a large portion of their parasite diversity. More importantly, by focusing on a gene (β-tubulin isotype 1) associated with resistance to a commonly used anthelmintic drug (benzimidazole), they demonstrate that both species carry resistant nematode strains, but that the diversity of strains, and particularly susceptible strains, is much higher in ibex. A key feature of the sampling design is that fecal material from both species was collected before seasonal transmission between the ungulate species could occur. Therefore, their results demonstrate that ibex are able to maintain resistant strains over long periods of time and therefore may be major nematode reservoirs for sheep infection. This important conclusion raises a series of key questions. How are resistant genotypes maintained in untreated ibex hosts? Is the cost of resistance so weak that they can coexist with susceptible strains in the absence of drug treatment or does anthelminthic contamination of the pastures maintain resistant genotypes directly in wild hosts? This work also opens several interesting perspectives: For example, what additional resistant parasites may be maintained by these wildlife hosts? What role do other wild ungulate species play in the evolution of nematode communities in transhumant sheep? An expansion of this work to the larger community of wild ungulates using alpine pastures, and an evaluation of the degree to which wild species are exposed to anthelminthic drugs released by grazing livestock into the environment is now required to understand the deeper consequences of drug treatment for shaping parasite communities and their cascading impacts for wildlife conservation, and the development of efficient and sustainable management strategies for pastoral livestock. </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Beaumelle et al. Cross-transmission of resistant gastrointestinal nematodes between wildlife and transhumant sheep. bioRxiv, ver. 5 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.21.550073" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.21.550073</a></p> <p>Wit, J., Dilks, C.M., Andersen, E.C., 2021. Complementary Approaches with Free-living and Parasitic Nematodes to Understanding Anthelmintic Resistance. Trends Parasitol. 37, 240–250. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2020.11.008" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2020.11.008</a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=248" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Cross-transmission of resistant gastrointestinal nematodes between wildlife and transhumant sheep</td><td>Camille Beaumelle, Carole Toigo, Rodolphe Papet, Slimania Benabed, Mathieu Beurier, Lea Bordes, Anais Brignone, Nadine Curt-Grand-Gaudin, Mathieu Garel, Justine Ginot, Philippe Jacquiet, Christian Miquel, Marie-Therese Poirel, Anna Serafino, Eric ...</td><td><p>Wild and domestic ungulates can be infected with the same species of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. These parasites have free-living stages in the environment that contribute to the ease of transmission among different host species. In a...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.8dad668e84ec7c6a.666967757265332e706e67.png" width="100" /></td><td>Ecology, Molecular biology, Parasitology</td><td>Karen D McCoy</td><td></td><td>2023-07-25 10:36:28</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/248"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_odd odd with_id" id="319"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>19 Jul 2024 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=319')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.8e3da75f1497821a.436172616275735f696e74726963617475732e6a706567.jpeg" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Museomics of <em>Carabus</em> giant ground beetles shows an Oligocene origin and <em>in situ</em> Alpine diversification</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Marie T. PAULI, Jeremy GAUTHIER, Marjorie LABEDAN, Mickael BLANC, Julia BILAT, Emmanuel F.A. TOUSSAINT</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.21.586057" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.21.586057</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>Natural history collections continue to inform ground beetle genetics. </span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=461"><b>Felix Sperling</b></a> based on reviews by <span>Michael Caterino</span>, <span>Julian Dupuis</span> and 1 anonymous reviewer</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p style="text-align: justify;">Some of the biodiversity of our planet now exists only in museums, due to continuing habitat destruction and climate change. With more than 380 million entomological specimens already preserved in museums (Johnson and Owens 2023), there is much work left to document what we already have. Fortunately, new advances in DNA sequencing have given us the opportunity to get enormous amounts of information from dried specimens on pins.<br> <br>One such advance is HyRAD-X, which uses RAD-derived probes originally developed using RNA extracted from a selection of specimens with high RNA-integrity (Schmid et al. 2017). These exome-limited probes can then be used to capture low-integrity DNA extracted from a single leg from museum specimens, followed by Illumina sequencing of the enriched libraries.<br> <br>Ground beetles allow an excellent demonstration of this approach, as their diversity, large size, and charismatic appearance has led to them being well represented in museums. Using a HyRAD-X probe set previously developed for a higher phylogeny within the subfamily Carabinae (Toussaint et al. 2021), the authors have now applied the same probe set to produce a comprehensive phylogeny for Arcifera, a clade of four subgenera and ten species within the genus Carabus (Pauli et al. 2024).<br> <br>Of the 96 specimens that they started out with, 90% were from natural history collections and 40% dropped out immediately due to poor DNA extraction yield. After filtering the resulting sequence reads for minimum coverage and minimum number of samples per locus, they ended up with 35 museum specimens with an average of 793 loci. Phylogenetic analysis of this data supported the current classification of these beetles.<br> <br>Pauli et al’s. (2024) study has effectively shown the power of HyRAD-X methods for applications at the species level. In-house production of probes makes the method accessible, expanding the opportunity to use museum specimens for population genetic research.<br><br><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Johnson KR, Owens, (IFP. 2023) A global approach for natural history museum collections. Science 379,1192-1194(2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf6434" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf6434</a></p> <p>Pauli MT, Gauthier J, Labédan M, Blanc M, Bilat J, Toussaint EFA (2024) Museomics of Carabus giant ground beetles shows an Oligocene origin and in situ alpine diversification. bioRxiv, ver. 5 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.21.586057" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.21.586057</a></p> <p>Schmid, S., Genevest, R., Gobet, E., Suchan, T., Sperisen, C., Tinner, W. and Alvarez, N. (2017), HyRAD-X, a versatile method combining exome capture and RAD sequencing to extract genomic information from ancient DNA. Methods Ecol Evol, 8: 1374-1388. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12785">https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12785</a></p> <p>Toussaint EFA, Gauthier J, Bilat J, Gillett CPDT, Gough HM, Lundkvist H, Blanc M, Muñoz-Ramírez CP, Alvarez N (2021) HyRAD-X Exome Capture Museomics Unravels Giant Ground Beetle Evolution, Genome Biology and Evolution, Volume 13, Issue 7, evab112, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab112" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab112</a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=319" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Museomics of *Carabus* giant ground beetles shows an Oligocene origin and *in situ* Alpine diversification</td><td>Marie T. PAULI, Jeremy GAUTHIER, Marjorie LABEDAN, Mickael BLANC, Julia BILAT, Emmanuel F.A. TOUSSAINT</td><td><p style="text-align: justify;">The development of museomics represents a major paradigm shift in the use of natural history collection specimens for systematics and evolutionary biology. New approaches in this field allow the sequencing of hundre...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.8e3da75f1497821a.436172616275735f696e74726963617475732e6a706567.jpeg" width="100" /></td><td>Insecta, Phylogeny, Systematics</td><td>Felix Sperling</td><td></td><td>2024-03-27 15:30:31</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/319"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_even even with_id" id="318"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>07 Jun 2024 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=318')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.aa6817b5e5803f1a.494d475f303235382e6a7067.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Relationship between weapon size and six key behavioural and physiological traits in males of the European earwig</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Samantha E.M. Blackwell, Laura Pasquier, Simon Dupont, Séverine Devers, Charlotte Lécureuil, *Joël Meunier </span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.20.585871" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.20.585871</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>The unreliable signal: No correlation between forceps length and male quality in European earwigs</span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=113"><b>Olivier Roux</b></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-0219" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="margin-right: 3px; position: relative; bottom: 12px; left: 2px" target="_blank" title="0000-0001-5440-0219"><img alt="ORCID_LOGO" heigth="12px" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/ORCID_ID.svg" width="12px" /></a></span> based on reviews by <span>Luna Grey</span> and 2 anonymous reviewers</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p style="text-align: justify;">In animals, male weapons such as antlers, horns, spurs, fangs, and tusks typically provide advantages in male contests and increase access to females, thereby enhancing reproductive success. However, such large and extravagant morphological structures are expected to come at a cost, potentially imposing trade-offs with life history traits, physiological functions, or certain behaviors (Emlen, 2001; Emlen, 2008). These costs should be manageable only by males in the best condition. The present study by Blackwell et al. (2024) examines this assumption through a comprehensive study on the European earwig, where males possess forceps-like cerci that vary widely in size within populations.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">In the European earwig (<em>Forficula auricularia</em>), male forceps are used in male-male contests as weapons to deter competitors prior to mating (Styrsky & Rhein, 1999) or to interrupt mating pairs by non-copulating males (Forslund, 2000; Walker & Fell, 2001). Despite providing benefits in terms of mating success (Eberhard & Gutierrez, 1991; Tomkins & Brown, 2004), it remains unknown whether long or short forceps are associated with other important life-history traits.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">In this laboratory study, Blackwell et al. (2024) investigated two European earwig populations, each divided into two subpopulations: one with the shortest forceps and one with the longest forceps. They examined the potential costs of long forceps on six different traits: one reproductive trait (sperm storage); three non-reproductive behavioral traits such as locomotor performance (involved in search for resources), fleeing reaction face to a risk (long forceps are supposed to be correlated with boldness), and aggregation behavior (European earwigs are facultative group-living organisms); and survival (when deprived of food and subsequently when exposed to an entomopathogenic fungus).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">As males in the best condition are supposed to be those that can afford to develop large forceps, Blackwell et al. (2024) predicted that males with long forceps would perform better than those with short forceps across the investigated traits. However, their predictions were not validated, as no correlation between weapon size and male quality was detected in either population. Although the sample size is sometimes limited, the consistency of these results across different populations adds robustness to their conclusions.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">By demonstrating that forceps length in the European earwig does not reliably indicate male quality, this paper challenges existing theories and highlights the complexity of evolutionary processes shaping morphological traits. Furthermore, the study raises important questions about the evolutionary mechanisms maintaining weapon size diversity, providing a fresh perspective that could stimulate further research and debate in the field, notably the search for other traits where costs might be incurred.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>References</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Blackwell, S.E.M., Pasquier, L., Dupont, S., Devers, S., Lécureuil, C. & Meunier, J. (2024). Relationship between weapon size and six key behavioural and physiological traits in males of the European earwig. bioRxiv, ver. 3 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.20.585871" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.20.585871</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Eberhard, W.G., & Gutierrez, E.E. (1991). Male dimorphisms in beetles and earwigs and the question of developmental constraints. Evolution, 45(1), 18–28. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2409478" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.2307/2409478</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Emlen, D.J. (2001). Costs and the diversification of exaggerated animal structures. Science, 291(5508), 1534–1536. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1056607" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1056607</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Emlen, D.J. (2008). The evolution of animal weapons. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 39(1), 387–413. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173502" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173502</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Forslund, P. (2000). Male-male competition and large size mating advantage in European earwigs, <em>Forficula auricularia</em>. Animal Behaviour, 59(4), 753–762. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1359" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1359</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Styrsky, J.D., & Rhein, S.V. (1999). Forceps size does not determine fighting success in European earwigs. Journal of Insect Behavior, 12(4), 475–482. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020962606724" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020962606724</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Tomkins, J.L., & Brown, G.S. (2004). Population density drives the local evolution of a threshold dimorphism. Nature, 431, 1099–1103. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02936.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02936.1</a>.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Walker, K.A., & Fell, R.D. (2001). Courtship roles of male and female European earwigs, <em>Forficula auricularia</em> L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), and sexual use of forceps. Journal of Insect Behavior, 14(1), 1–17. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007843227591" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007843227591</a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=318" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Relationship between weapon size and six key behavioural and physiological traits in males of the European earwig</td><td>Samantha E.M. Blackwell, Laura Pasquier, Simon Dupont, Séverine Devers, Charlotte Lécureuil, *Joël Meunier </td><td><p style="text-align: justify;">In many animals, male weapons are large and extravagant morphological structures that typically enhance fighting ability and reproductive success. It is generally assumed that growing and carrying large weapons is c...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.aa6817b5e5803f1a.494d475f303235382e6a7067.jpg" width="100" /></td><td>Behavior, Evolution, Insecta, Invertebrates, Life histories, Morphology</td><td>Olivier Roux</td><td></td><td>2024-03-26 08:56:27</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/318"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_odd odd with_id" id="249"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>08 Mar 2024 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=249')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.a25faf360ba6e678.33205268797373696e6165207370656369657320616363756d756c6174696f6e2e706e67.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>A comparison of the parasitoid wasp species richness of tropical forest sites in Peru and Uganda – subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Tapani Hopkins, Hanna Tuomisto, Isrrael C. Gómez, Ilari E. Sääksjärvi</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.23.554460" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.23.554460</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>Two sides of tropical richness, parasitoid wasps collected by Malaise traps in tropical rainforests of South America and Africa</span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=411"><b>Giovanny Fagua</b></a> based on reviews by <span>Mabel Alvarado</span>, <span>Filippo Di Giovanni</span> and 2 anonymous reviewers</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p style="text-align: justify;">Insect species richness and diversity comparisons between samples of the tropics around the world are rare, especially in taxa composed mainly of cryptic species as parasitoid wasps.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The article by Hopkins et al. (2024) compares samples of parasitoid wasps of the subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) collected by Malaise traps in tropical rainforests of Perú and Uganda. The samples presented several differences in the time of collecting, covertures, and the sampling number; however, they used the same kind of traps, and the taxonomic process for species delimitation was made for the same team of ichneumonid experts, using equivalent characters.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Publications about this kind of comparative study are difficult to find because cooperative projects on insect richness and diversity from South American and African continents are not frequent. In this sense, this study presented a valuable contrast that shows interesting results about the higher richness and lower abundance of the biota of the American tropics, even with a small sample, in comparison with the biota of the African tropics. The results are supported mainly by the rarefaction curves shown. This pattern of higher species richness and lower specimen abundance, observed in other American tropical taxa such as trees, birds, or butterflies, is observed too in these parasitoid wasps, increasing the body of information that could support the extension of the pattern to the entire biota of the American tropics. The authors recognize the study's limitations, which include strong differences in the size of the forest coverture between places. However, these differences and others are enough described and discussed.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">This work is useful because it increases the information about the diversity patterns of the tropics around the world and because study a taxon mainly composed of cryptic species, with a small amount of information in tropical regions.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Hopkins T., Tuomisto H., Gómez I.C., Sääksjärvi I. E. 2024. A comparison of the parasitoid wasp species richness of tropical forest sites in Peru and Uganda – subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). bioRxiv, ver. 2 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.23.554460" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.23.554460</a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=249" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>A comparison of the parasitoid wasp species richness of tropical forest sites in Peru and Uganda – subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)</td><td>Tapani Hopkins, Hanna Tuomisto, Isrrael C. Gómez, Ilari E. Sääksjärvi</td><td><p style="text-align: justify;">The global distribution of parasitoid wasp species richness is poorly known. Past attempts to compare data from different sites have been hampered by small sample sizes and lack of standardisation. During the past d...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.a25faf360ba6e678.33205268797373696e6165207370656369657320616363756d756c6174696f6e2e706e67.png" width="100" /></td><td>Biodiversity, Biogeography, Insecta</td><td>Giovanny Fagua</td><td></td><td>2023-08-24 18:30:26</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/249"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_even even with_id" id="211"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>14 Dec 2023 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=211')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.b4603a512c3dec0e.53756d6d6172794669675f5043492e706e67.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Transcriptomic responses of sponge holobionts to in situ, seasonal anoxia and hypoxia</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Brian W Strehlow, Astrid Schuster, Warren R Francis, Lisa Eckford-Soper, Beate Kraft, Rob McAllen, Ronni Nielsen, Susanne Mandrup, Donald E Canfield</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.27.530229" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.27.530229</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>Future oceanic conditions could leave sponge holobionts breathless – but they won’t let that stop them</span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=394"><b>Loïc N. Michel</b></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-7050" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="margin-right: 3px; position: relative; bottom: 12px; left: 2px" target="_blank" title="0000-0003-0988-7050"><img alt="ORCID_LOGO" heigth="12px" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/images/ORCID_ID.svg" width="12px" /></a></span> based on reviews by <span>Maria Lopez Acosta</span> and 2 anonymous reviewers</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p style="text-align: justify;">It is now widely accepted that anthropogenic climate change is a severe threat to biodiversity, ecosystem function and associated ecosystem services. Assessing the vulnerability of species and predicting their response to future changes has become a priority for environmental biology (Williams <em>et al. </em>2020).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Over the last few decades, oxygen concentrations in both the open ocean and coastal waters have been declining steadily as the result of multiple anthropogenic activities. This global trends towards hypoxia is expected to continue in the future, causing a host of negative effects on marine ecosystems. Oxygen is indeed crucial to many biological processes in the ocean, and its decrease could have strong impacts on biogeochemical cycles, and therefore on marine productivity and biodiversity (Breitburg <em>et al. </em>2018).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Whenever facing such drastic environmental changes, all organisms are expected to have some intrinsic ability to adapt. At shorter than evolutionary timescales, ecological plasticity and the eco-physiological processes that sustain it could constitute important adaptive mechanisms (Williams <em>et al.</em> 2020)</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Marine sponges seem particularly well-adapted to oxygen deficiency, as some species can survive seasonal anoxia for several months. This paper by Strehlow <em>et al. </em>(2023) examines the mechanisms allowing this exceptional tolerance. Focusing on two species of sponges, they used transcriptomics to assess how gene expression by sponges, by their mitochondria, or by their unique and species-specific microbiome could facilitate this trait. Their results suggest that sponge holobionts maintain metabolic activity under anoxic conditions while displaying shock response, therefore not supporting the hypothesis of sponge dormancy. Furthermore, hypoxia and anoxia seemed to influence gene expression in different ways, highlighting the complexity of sponge response to deoxygenation. As often, their exciting results raise as many questions as they provide answers and pave the way for more research regarding how anoxia tolerance in marine sponges could give them an advantage in future oceanic environmental conditions.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>References</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Breitburg <em>et al. </em>(2018): Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters. <em>Science </em>359, eaam7240. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7240 " target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7240 </a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Strehlow <em>et al.</em> (2023): Transcriptomic responses of sponge holobionts to in situ, seasonal anoxia and hypoxia. bioRxiv, 2023.02.27.530229, ver. 4 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.27.530229 " target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.27.530229 </a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Williams <em>et al.</em> (2008) Towards an Integrated Framework for Assessing the Vulnerability of Species to Climate Change. <em>PLOS Biology</em> 6(12): e325. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060325" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060325</a> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Williams <em>et al.</em> (2020): Research priorities for natural ecosystems in a changing global climate. <em>Global Change Biology</em> 26: 410–416. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14856 " target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14856 </a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=211" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Transcriptomic responses of sponge holobionts to in situ, seasonal anoxia and hypoxia</td><td>Brian W Strehlow, Astrid Schuster, Warren R Francis, Lisa Eckford-Soper, Beate Kraft, Rob McAllen, Ronni Nielsen, Susanne Mandrup, Donald E Canfield</td><td><p>Deoxygenation can be fatal for many marine animals; however, some sponge species are tolerant of hypoxia and anoxia. Indeed, two sponge species, <em>Eurypon </em>sp. 2 and <em>Hymeraphia stellifera</em>, survive seasonal anoxia for months at a ...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.b4603a512c3dec0e.53756d6d6172794669675f5043492e706e67.png" width="100" /></td><td>Biology, Ecology, Genetics/Genomics, Invertebrates, Marine, Symbiosis</td><td>Loïc N. Michel</td><td> Maria Lopez Acosta</td><td>2023-05-12 16:22:47</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/211"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_odd odd with_id" id="215"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>14 Nov 2023 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=215')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.96906953a276d280.67616d6d6172652070617261736974c3a92e6a7067.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Time-course of antipredator behavioral changes induced by the helminth <em>Pomphorhynchus laevis</em> in its intermediate host <em>Gammarus pulex</em>: the switch in manipulation according to parasite developmental stage differs between behaviors</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Thierry Rigaud, Aude Balourdet, Alexandre Bauer</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.25.538244" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.25.538244</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>Exploring manipulative strategies of a trophically-transmitted parasite across its ontogeny </span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=39"><b>Thierry Lefevre</b></a> based on reviews by <span>Adèle Mennerat</span> and 1 anonymous reviewer</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p style="text-align: justify;">The intricate relationships between parasites and their hosts often involve a choreography of behavioral changes, with parasites manipulating their hosts in a way that enhances - or seemingly enhances – their transmission (Hughes et al., 2012; Moore, 2002; Poulin, 2010). Host manipulation is increasingly acknowledged as a pervasive adaptive transmission strategy employed by parasites, and as such is one of the most remarkable manifestations of the extended phenotype (Dawkins, 1982).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">In this laboratory study, Rigaud et al. (2023) delved into the time course of antipredator behavioral modifications induced by the acanthocephalan P<em>omphorhynchus laevis</em> in its amphipod intermediate host <em>Gammarus pulex</em>. This system has a good foundation of prior knowledge (Bakker et al., 2017; Fayard et al., 2020; Perrot-Minnot et al., 2023), nicely drawn upon for the present work. This parasite orchestrates a switch from predation suppression, during the noninfective phase, to predation enhancement upon maturation. Specifically, <em>G. pulex</em> infected with the non-infective acanthella stage of the parasite can exhibit increased refuge use and reduced activity compared to uninfected individuals (Dianne et al., 2011, 2014), leading to decreased predation by trout (Dianne et al., 2011). In contrast, upon reaching the infective cystacanth stage, the parasite can enhance the susceptibility of its host to trout predation (Dianne et al., 2011).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The present work aimed to understand the temporal sequence of these behavioral changes across the entire ontogeny of the parasite. The results confirmed the protective role of <em>P. laevis </em>during the acanthella stage, wherein infected amphipods exhibited heightened refuge use. This protective manipulation, however, became significant only later in the parasite's ontogeny, suggesting a delayed investment strategy, possibly influenced by the extended developmental time of <em>P. laevis</em>. The protective component wanes upon reaching the cystacanth stage, transitioning into an exposure strategy, aligning with theoretical predictions and previous empirical work (Dianne et al., 2011; Parker et al., 2009). The switch was behavior-specific. Unlike the protective behavior, a decline in the amphipod activity rate manifested early in the acanthella stage and persisted throughout development, suggesting potential benefits of reduced activity for the parasite across multiple stages. Furthermore, the findings challenge previous assumptions regarding the condition-dependency of manipulation, revealing that the parasite-induced behavioral changes predominantly occurred in the presence of cues signaling potential predators. Finally, while amphipods infected with acanthella stages displayed survival rates comparable to their uninfected counterparts, increased mortality was observed in those infected with cystacanth stages.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Understanding the temporal sequence of host behavioral changes is crucial for deciphering whether it is adaptive to the parasite or not. This study stands out for its meticulous examination of multiple behaviors over the entire ontogeny of the parasite highlighting the complexity and condition-dependent nature of manipulation. The protective-then-expose strategy emerges as a dynamic process, finely tuned to the developmental stages of the parasite and the ecological challenges faced by the host. The delayed emergence of protective behaviors suggests a strategic investment by the parasite, with implications for the host's survival and the parasite's transmission success. The differential impact of infection on refuge use and activity rate further emphasizes the need for a multidimensional approach in studying parasitic manipulation (Fayard et al., 2020). This complexity demands further exploration, particularly in deciphering how trophically-transmitted parasites shape the behavioral landscape of their intermediate hosts and its temporal dynamic (Herbison, 2017; Perrot-Minnot & Cézilly, 2013). As we discover the many subtleties of these parasitic manipulations, new avenues of research are unfolding, promising a deeper understanding of the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Bakker, T. C. M., Frommen, J. G., & Thünken, T. (2017). Adaptive parasitic manipulation as exemplified by acanthocephalans. Ethology, 123(11), 779–784. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12660">https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12660</a></p> <p>Dawkins, R. (1982). The extended phenotype: The long reach of the gene (Reprinted). Oxford University Press.</p> <p>Dianne, L., Perrot-Minnot, M.-J., Bauer, A., Gaillard, M., Léger, E., & Rigaud, T. (2011). Protection first then facilitation: A manipulative parasite modulates the vulnerability to predation of its intermediate host according to its own developmental stage. Evolution, 65(9), 2692–2698. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01330.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01330.x</a></p> <p>Dianne, L., Perrot-Minnot, M.-J., Bauer, A., Guvenatam, A., & Rigaud, T. (2014). Parasite-induced alteration of plastic response to predation threat: Increased refuge use but lower food intake in Gammarus pulex infected with the acanothocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis. International Journal for Parasitology, 44(3–4), 211–216. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01330.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.11.001</a></p> <p>Fayard, M., Dechaume‐Moncharmont, F., Wattier, R., & Perrot‐Minnot, M. (2020). Magnitude and direction of parasite‐induced phenotypic alterations: A meta‐analysis in acanthocephalans. Biological Reviews, 95(5), 1233–1251. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12606" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12606</a></p> <p>Herbison, R. E. H. (2017). Lessons in Mind Control: Trends in Research on the Molecular Mechanisms behind Parasite-Host Behavioral Manipulation. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00102" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00102</a></p> <p>Hughes, D. P., Brodeur, J., & Thomas, F. (2012). Host manipulation by parasites. Oxford university press.</p> <p>Moore, J. (2002). Parasites and the behavior of animals. Oxford University Press.</p> <p>Parker, G. A., Ball, M. A., Chubb, J. C., Hammerschmidt, K., & Milinski, M. (2009). When should a trophically transmitted parasite manipulate its host? Evolution, 63(2), 448–458. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00565.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00565.x</a></p> <p>Perrot-Minnot, M.-J., & Cézilly, F. (2013). Investigating candidate neuromodulatory systems underlying parasitic manipulation: Concepts, limitations and prospects. Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(1), 134–141. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.074146" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.074146</a></p> <p>Perrot-Minnot, M.-J., Cozzarolo, C.-S., Amin, O., Barčák, D., Bauer, A., Filipović Marijić, V., García-Varela, M., Servando Hernández-Orts, J., Yen Le, T. T., Nachev, M., Orosová, M., Rigaud, T., Šariri, S., Wattier, R., Reyda, F., & Sures, B. (2023). Hooking the scientific community on thorny-headed worms: Interesting and exciting facts, knowledge gaps and perspectives for research directions on Acanthocephala. Parasite, 30, 23. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023026" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023026</a></p> <p>Poulin, R. (2010). Parasite Manipulation of Host Behavior. In Advances in the Study of Behavior (Vol. 41, pp. 151–186). Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3454(10)41005-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3454(10)41005-0</a></p> <p>Rigaud, T., Balourdet, A., & Bauer, A. (2023). Time-course of antipredator behavioral changes induced by the helminth Pomphorhynchus laevis in its intermediate host Gammarus pulex: The switch in manipulation according to parasite developmental stage differs between behaviors. bioRxiv, ver. 6 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.25.538244" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.25.538244</a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=215" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Time-course of antipredator behavioral changes induced by the helminth *Pomphorhynchus laevis* in its intermediate host *Gammarus pulex*: the switch in manipulation according to parasite developmental stage differs between behaviors</td><td>Thierry Rigaud, Aude Balourdet, Alexandre Bauer</td><td><p style="text-align: justify;">Many trophically transmitted parasites with complex life cycles manipulate their intermediate host antipredatory defenses in ways facilitating their transmission to final host by predation. Some parasites also prote...</td><td><img src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.96906953a276d280.67616d6d6172652070617261736974c3a92e6a7067.jpg" width="100" /></td><td>Aquatic, Behavior, Crustacea, Invertebrates, Parasitology</td><td>Thierry Lefevre</td><td></td><td>2023-06-20 15:49:32</td><td class="row_buttons" nowrap="nowrap"><a class="button btn btn-default btn-secondary" href="/index/view/v_article/215"><span class="icon magnifier icon-zoom-in glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in"></span> <span class="buttontext button" title="View">View</span></a></td></tr><tr class="w2p_even even with_id" id="206"><td><div class="pci2-flex-row pci2-article-row pci2-flex-column-mobile"> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-left-div"> <i><span>21 Jun 2023 </span></i> <div class="pci2-flex-center pci2-flex-grow pci2-article-image-div" onclick="window.open('/articles/rec?id=206')"> <img alt="article picture" class="pci-articlePicture" src="/PCIZool/static/_25.3.2/uploads/t_articles.uploaded_picture.9653d34bd06cdbcb.666967335f76322e706e67.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column "> <div class="pci2-flex-column"> <h3><span>Life-history traits, pace of life and dispersal among and within five species of <em>Trichogramma</em> wasps: a comparative analysis</span></h3> <span class="pci2-article-infos">Chloé Guicharnaud, Géraldine Groussier, Erwan Beranger, Laurent Lamy, Elodie Vercken, Maxime Dahirel</span> <span class="pci2-article-infos"><a class="doi_url" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.24.525360" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.24.525360</b></a></span> </div> <div class="pci2-flex-column pci2-article-recommendation-div"> <h4><span>The relationship between dispersal and pace-of-life at different scales</span></h4> <i>Recommended by <span><a class="cyp-user-profile-link" href="https://zool.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=469"><b>Jacques Deere</b></a> based on reviews by <span>Mélanie Thierry</span> and 1 anonymous reviewer</span></i> <span><div class="fade-transparent-text"><p style="text-align: justify;">The sorting of organisms along a fast-slow continuum through correlations between life history traits is a long-standing framework (Stearns 1983) and corresponds to the pace-of-life axis. This axis represents the variation in a continuum of life-history strategies, from fast-reproducing short-lived species to slow-reproducing long-lived species. The pace-of-life axis has been the focus of much research largely in mammals, birds, reptiles and plants but less so in invertebrates (Salguero-Gómez et al. 2016; Araya-Ajoy et al. 2018; Healy et al. 2019; Bakewell et al. 2020). Outcomes from this research have highlighted variation across taxa on this axis and mixed support for, and against, patterns expected of the pace-of-life continuum. Given this, a greater understanding of the variation of the pace-of-life across-, and within, taxa are needed. Indeed, Guicharnard et al. (2023) highlight several points regarding our broader understanding of pace-of-life. In general, invertebrates are poorly represented, the variation of pace-of-life across taxonomic scales is less well understood and the relationship between pace-of-life and dispersal, a key life history, requires more attention. Here, Guicharnard et al. (2023) provide a first attempt at addressing the relationship between dispersal and pace-of-life at different scales.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The authors, under controlled conditions, investigated how life-history traits and effective dispersal covary for 28 lines from five species of endoparasitoid wasps from the genus Trichogramma. At the species level negative correlations were found between development time and fecundity, matching pace-of-life axis predictions. Although this correlation was not found to be significant among lines, within species, a similar pattern of a negative correlation was observed. This outcome matches previous findings that consistent pace-of-life axes become more difficult to find at lower taxonomic levels. Unlike the other life-history traits measured, effective dispersal showed no evidence of differences between species or between lines. The authors also found no correlation between effective dispersal and other-life history traits which suggests no dispersal/life-history syndromes in the species investigated. One aspect that was not assessed was the impact of density dependence on pace-of-life and effective dispersal, largely as this was a first step in assessing relationship of dispersal with pace-of-life at different scales. However, the authors do acknowledge the importance of future studies incorporating density dependence and that such studies could potentially lead to more generalizable understanding of pace-of-life and dispersal within Trichogramma.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">A pleasant addition was the link to potential implications for biocontrol. This addition showed an awareness by the authors of how insights into pace-of-life can have an applied component. The results of the study highlighted that selecting for specific lines of a species, to maximise a trait of interest at the cost of another, may not be as effective as selecting different species when implementing biocontrol. This is especially important as often single, established species used in biocontrol are favoured without consideration of the potential of other species which can lead to more efficient biocontrol. </p> <p><strong>REFERENCES</strong></p> <p>Araya-Ajoy, Y.G., Bolstad, G.H., Brommer, J., Careau, V., Dingemanse, N.J. & Wright, J. (2018). Demographic measures of an individual's "pace of life": fecundity rate, lifespan, generation time, or a composite variable? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 72, 75.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-018-2477-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-018-2477-7</a><br> <br>Bakewell, A.T., Davis, K.E., Freckleton, R.P., Isaac, N.J.B. & Mayhew, P.J. (2020). Comparing Life Histories across Taxonomic Groups in Multiple Dimensions: How Mammal-Like Are Insects? The American Naturalist, 195, 70-81.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/706195" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1086/706195</a><br> <br>Guicharnaud, C., Groussier, G., Beranger, E., Lamy, L., Vercken, E. & Dahirel, M. (2023). Life-history traits, pace of life and dispersal among and within five species of Trichogramma wasps: a comparative analysis. bioRxiv, 2023.01.24.525360, ver. 3 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoology.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.24.525360" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.24.525360</a><br> <br>Healy, K., Ezard, T.H.G., Jones, O.R., Salguero-Gómez, R. & Buckley, Y.M. (2019). Animal life history is shaped by the pace of life and the distribution of age-specific mortality and reproduction. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3, 1217-1224.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0938-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0938-7</a><br> <br>Salguero-Gómez, R., Jones, O.R., Jongejans, E., Blomberg, S.P., Hodgson, D.J., Mbeau-Ache, C., et al. (2016). Fast-slow continuum and reproductive strategies structure plant life-history variation worldwide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 230-235.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506215112" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506215112</a><br> <br>Stearns, S.C. (1983). The Influence of Size and Phylogeny on Patterns of Covariation among Life-History Traits in the Mammals. Oikos, 41, 173-187.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3544261" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.2307/3544261</a></p> </div> </span> <div> <a href="/articles/rec?id=206" class="btn btn-success pci-public pci-smallBtn" > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </td><td>Life-history traits, pace of life and dispersal among and within five species of *Trichogramma* wasps: a comparative analysis</td><td>Chloé Guicharnaud, Géraldine Groussier, Erwan Beranger, Laurent Lamy, Elodie Vercken, Maxime Dahirel</td><td><p>Major traits defining the life history of organisms are often not independent from each other, with most of their variation aligning along key axes such as the pace-of-life axis. 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