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R. Faleye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20Titocan"> M. I. Titocan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Ibitola"> M. P. Ibitola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigation was carried out at Opic Estate in Isheri-Osun River Basin environment using Electrical Resistivity method to study saltwater intrusion into a fresh water aquifer system from the proximal estuarine water body. The investigation is aimed at aquifer characterisation using electrical resistivity method in order to provide the depth to which fresh water fit for both domestic and industrial consumption. The 2D Electrical Resistivity and Vertical Electrical Resistivity techniques alongside Laboratory analysis of water samples obtained from the boreholes were adopted. Three traverses were investigated using Wenner and Pole-Dipole array with multi-electrode system consisting of 84 electrodes and a spread of 581 m, 664 m and 830 m were attained on the traverses. The main lithologies represented in the study area are Sand, Clay and Clayey Sand of which Sand constitutes the aquifer in the study area. Vertical Electrical Sounding data obtained at different lateral distance on the traverses have indicated that the water in the aquifer in the subsurface is brackish. Brackish water is represented by lowelectrical resistivity value signature while fresh water is characterized by relatively high electrical resistivity and in some regionfresh water is existent at depth greater than 200 m. Results of laboratory analysis of samples showed that the pH, Salinity, Total Dissolved Solid and Conductivity indicated existence of water with poor quality, indicating that salinity, TDS and Conductivity is higher in the Northern part of the study area. The 2D electrical resistivity and Vertical Electrical Sounding methods indicate that fresh water region is at ≥200m depth. Aquifers not fit for domestic use in the study area occur downwards to about 200 m in depth. In conclusion, it is recommended that wells should be sunkbeyond 220 m for the possible procurement of portable fresh water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20electrical%20resistivity" title="2D electrical resistivity">2D electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquifer" title=" aquifer"> aquifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brackish%20water" title=" brackish water"> brackish water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithologies" title=" lithologies"> lithologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76268/geoelectical-resistivity-method-in-aquifer-characterization-at-opic-estate-isheri-osun-river-basin-south-western-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel -1,2,3-Triazoles Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Dehghani">Zahra Dehghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Dehghani"> Hoda Dehghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Zarenezhad"> Elham Zarenezhad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 1,2,3-Triazole derivatives are important compounds in medicinal chemistry owing to their wide applications in drug discovery. They can readily associate with biologically targets through the hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions. The 1,2,3-triazole core is a key structural motif in many bioactive compounds, exhibiting a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antiviral, anticancer, anti-HIV, antibiotic, antibacterial, and antimicrobial. Additionally, they have found significant industrial applications as dyes, agrochemicals, corrosion inhibitors, photo stabilizers, and photographic materials. we disclose the synthesis and characterization of 1-azido-3-(aryl-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol drivatives. The chemistry works well with various ß-azido alcohols involving aryloxy, alkoxy and alkyl residues, and also tolerates a wide spectrum of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing functional groups in both alkyne and azide molecules. Most of ß-azidoalcohols used in these experiments were pre-synthesized by the regioselective ring opening reaction of corresponded epoxides with sodium azide, whereas the majority of terminal alkynes were prepared via SN2-type reaction of propargyl bromide and corresponded nucleophiles. To evaluate the bioactivity of title compounds, the in vitro antifungal activity of all compound was investigated against several pathogenic fungi including Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum , clotrimazole and fluconazole was used as standard antifungal drugs, also To understand the antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds, they were in vitro screened against E. coli and S. aureus as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The in vitro tests have shown the promising antifungal but marginal antibacterial activity against tested fungi and bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20activities" title="biological activities">biological activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title=" antifungal"> antifungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1" title=" 1"> 1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title="2">2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-Triazole" title="3-Triazole">3-Triazole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38751/synthesis-and-biological-activities-of-novel-123-triazoles-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> 3D Interferometric Imaging Using Compressive Hardware Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mor%20Diama%20L.%20O.">Mor Diama L. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthieu%20Davy"> Matthieu Davy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Ferro-Famil"> Laurent Ferro-Famil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is combined with compressive imaging techniques in order to perform 3D interferometric imaging. Interferometric ISAR (InISAR) imaging relies on a two-dimensional antenna array providing diversities in the elevation and azimuth directions. However, the signals measured over several antennas must be acquired by coherent receivers resulting in costly and complex hardware. This paper proposes to use a chaotic cavity as a compressive device to encode the signals arising from several antennas into a single output port. These signals are then reconstructed by solving an inverse problem. Our approach is demonstrated experimentally with a 3-elements L-shape array connected to a metallic compressive enclosure. The interferometric phases estimated from a unique broadband signal are used to jointly estimate the target’s effective rotation rate and the height of the dominant scattering centers of our target. Our experimental results show that the use of the compressive device does not adversely affect the performance of our imaging process. This study opens new perspectives to reduce the hardware complexity of high-resolution ISAR systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferometric%20imaging" title="interferometric imaging">interferometric imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20synthetic%20aperture%20radar" title=" inverse synthetic aperture radar"> inverse synthetic aperture radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20device" title=" compressive device"> compressive device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20imaging" title=" computational imaging"> computational imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134472/3d-interferometric-imaging-using-compressive-hardware-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> A Real Time Ultra-Wideband Location System for Smart Healthcare</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingyang%20Sun">Mingyang Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guozheng%20Yan"> Guozheng Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dasheng%20Liu"> Dasheng Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Yang"> Lei Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Driven by the demand of intelligent monitoring in rehabilitation centers or hospitals, a high accuracy real-time location system based on UWB (ultra-wideband) technology was proposed. The system measures precise location of a specific person, traces his movement and visualizes his trajectory on the screen for doctors or administrators. Therefore, doctors could view the position of the patient at any time and find them immediately and exactly when something emergent happens. In our design process, different algorithms were discussed, and their errors were analyzed. In addition, we discussed about a , simple but effective way of correcting the antenna delay error, which turned out to be effective. By choosing the best algorithm and correcting errors with corresponding methods, the system attained a good accuracy. Experiments indicated that the ranging error of the system is lower than 7 cm, the locating error is lower than 20 cm, and the refresh rate exceeds 5 times per second. In future works, by embedding the system in wearable IoT (Internet of Things) devices, it could provide not only physical parameters, but also the activity status of the patient, which would help doctors a lot in performing healthcare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20monitoring" title="intelligent monitoring">intelligent monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-wideband%20technology" title=" ultra-wideband technology"> ultra-wideband technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20location" title=" real-time location"> real-time location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT%20devices" title=" IoT devices"> IoT devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20healthcare" title=" smart healthcare"> smart healthcare</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98224/a-real-time-ultra-wideband-location-system-for-smart-healthcare" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Adaptive Anchor Weighting for Improved Localization with Levenberg-Marquardt Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basak%20Can">Basak Can</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces an iterative and weighted localization method that utilizes a unique cost function formulation to significantly enhance the performance of positioning systems. The system employs locators, such as Gateways (GWs), to estimate and track the position of an End Node (EN). Performance is evaluated relative to the number of locators, with known locations determined through calibration. Performance evaluation is presented utilizing low cost single-antenna Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices. The proposed approach can be applied to alternative Internet of Things (IoT) modulation schemes, as well as Ultra WideBand (UWB) or millimeter-wave (mmWave) based devices. In non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, using four or eight locators yields a 95th percentile localization performance of 2.2 meters and 1.5 meters, respectively, in a 4,305 square feet indoor area with BLE 5.1 devices. This method outperforms conventional RSSI-based techniques, achieving a 51% improvement with four locators and a 52 % improvement with eight locators. Future work involves modeling interference impact and implementing data curation across multiple channels to mitigate such effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateration" title="lateration">lateration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20squares" title=" least squares"> least squares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levenberg-Marquardt%20algorithm" title=" Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm"> Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path-loss" title=" path-loss"> path-loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMS%20error" title=" RMS error"> RMS error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSSI" title=" RSSI"> RSSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shadow%20fading" title=" shadow fading"> shadow fading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20localization" title=" weighted localization"> weighted localization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190165/adaptive-anchor-weighting-for-improved-localization-with-levenberg-marquardt-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Combining the Fictitious Stress Method and Displacement Discontinuity Method in Solving Crack Problems in Anisotropic Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahatti%CC%87n%20Ki%CC%87men%C3%A7e">Bahatti̇n Ki̇mençe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U%C4%9Fur%20Ki%CC%87men%C3%A7e"> Uğur Ki̇mençe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the purpose of obtaining the influence functions of the displacement discontinuity in an anisotropic elastic medium is to produce the boundary element equations. A Displacement Discontinuous Method formulation (DDM) is presented with the aim of modeling two-dimensional elastic fracture problems. This formulation is found by analytical integration of the fundamental solution along a straight-line crack. With this purpose, Kelvin's fundamental solutions for anisotropic media on an infinite plane are used to form dipoles from singular loads, and the various combinations of the said dipoles are used to obtain the influence functions of displacement discontinuity. This study introduces a technique for coupling Fictitious Stress Method (FSM) and DDM; the reason for applying this technique to some examples is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed coupling method. In this study, displacement discontinuity equations are obtained by using dipole solutions calculated with known singular force solutions in an anisotropic medium. The displacement discontinuities method obtained from the solutions of these equations and the fictitious stress methods is combined and compared with various examples. In this study, one or more crack problems with various geometries in rectangular plates in finite and infinite regions, under the effect of tensile stress with coupled FSM and DDM in the anisotropic environment, were examined, and the effectiveness of the coupled method was demonstrated. Since crack problems can be modeled more easily with DDM, it has been observed that the use of DDM has increased recently. In obtaining the displacement discontinuity equations, Papkovitch functions were used in Crouch, and harmonic functions were chosen to satisfy various boundary conditions. A comparison is made between two indirect boundary element formulations, DDM, and an extension of FSM, for solving problems involving cracks. Several numerical examples are presented, and the outcomes are contrasted to existing analytical or reference outs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20discontinuity%20method" title="displacement discontinuity method">displacement discontinuity method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fictitious%20stress%20method" title=" fictitious stress method"> fictitious stress method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20problems" title=" crack problems"> crack problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20material" title=" anisotropic material"> anisotropic material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162296/combining-the-fictitious-stress-method-and-displacement-discontinuity-method-in-solving-crack-problems-in-anisotropic-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Time Domain Dielectric Relaxation Microwave Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Kumbharkhane">A. C. Kumbharkhane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Time domain dielectric relaxation microwave spectroscopy (TDRMS) is a term used to describe a technique of observing the time dependant response of a sample after application of time dependant electromagnetic field. A TDRMS probes the interaction of a macroscopic sample with a time dependent electrical field. The resulting complex permittivity spectrum, characterizes amplitude (voltage) and time scale of the charge-density fluctuations within the sample. These fluctuations may arise from the reorientation of the permanent dipole moments of individual molecules or from the rotation of dipolar moieties in flexible molecules, like polymers. The time scale of these fluctuations depends on the sample and its relative relaxation mechanism. Relaxation times range from some picoseconds in low viscosity liquids to hours in glasses, Therefore the TDRS technique covers an extensive dynamical process. The corresponding frequencies range from 10-4 Hz to 1012 Hz. This inherent ability to monitor the cooperative motion of molecular ensemble distinguishes dielectric relaxation from methods like NMR or Raman spectroscopy, which yield information on the motions of individual molecules. Recently, we have developed and established the TDR technique in laboratory that provides information regarding dielectric permittivity in the frequency range 10 MHz to 30 GHz. The TDR method involves the generation of step pulse with rise time of 20 pico-seconds in a coaxial line system and monitoring the change in pulse shape after reflection from the sample placed at the end of the coaxial line. There is a great interest to study the dielectric relaxation behaviour in liquid systems to understand the role of hydrogen bond in liquid system. The intermolecular interaction through hydrogen bonds in molecular liquids results in peculiar dynamical properties. The dynamics of hydrogen-bonded liquids have been studied. The theoretical model to explain the experimental results will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title="microwave">microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20domain%20reflectometry%20%28TDR%29" title=" time domain reflectometry (TDR)"> time domain reflectometry (TDR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20measurement" title=" dielectric measurement"> dielectric measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxation%20time" title=" relaxation time"> relaxation time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40519/time-domain-dielectric-relaxation-microwave-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Similarity Solutions of Nonlinear Stretched Biomagnetic Flow and Heat Transfer with Signum Function and Temperature Power Law Geometries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Murtaza">M. G. Murtaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20E.%20Tzirtzilakis"> E. E. Tzirtzilakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ferdows"> M. Ferdows</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomagnetic fluid dynamics is an interdisciplinary field comprising engineering, medicine, and biology. Bio fluid dynamics is directed towards finding and developing the solutions to some of the human body related diseases and disorders. This article describes the flow and heat transfer of two dimensional, steady, laminar, viscous and incompressible biomagnetic fluid over a non-linear stretching sheet in the presence of magnetic dipole. Our model is consistent with blood fluid namely biomagnetic fluid dynamics (BFD). This model based on the principles of ferrohydrodynamic (FHD). The temperature at the stretching surface is assumed to follow a power law variation, and stretching velocity is assumed to have a nonlinear form with signum function or sign function. The governing boundary layer equations with boundary conditions are simplified to couple higher order equations using usual transformations. Numerical solutions for the governing momentum and energy equations are obtained by efficient numerical techniques based on the common finite difference method with central differencing, on a tridiagonal matrix manipulation and on an iterative procedure. Computations are performed for a wide range of the governing parameters such as magnetic field parameter, power law exponent temperature parameter, and other involved parameters and the effect of these parameters on the velocity and temperature field is presented. It is observed that for different values of the magnetic parameter, the velocity distribution decreases while temperature distribution increases. Besides, the finite difference solutions results for skin-friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are discussed. This study will have an important bearing on a high targeting efficiency, a high magnetic field is required in the targeted body compartment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomagnetic%20fluid" title="biomagnetic fluid">biomagnetic fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FHD" title=" FHD"> FHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD" title=" MHD"> MHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20stretching%20sheet" title=" nonlinear stretching sheet"> nonlinear stretching sheet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85971/similarity-solutions-of-nonlinear-stretched-biomagnetic-flow-and-heat-transfer-with-signum-function-and-temperature-power-law-geometries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Performance Analysis of a Combined Ordered Successive and Interference Cancellation Using Zero-Forcing Detection over Rayleigh Fading Channels in Mimo Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20R.%20Elbergali">Jamal R. Elbergali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems are wireless systems with multiple antenna elements at both ends of the link. Wireless communication systems demand high data rate and spectral efficiency with increased reliability. MIMO systems have been popular techniques to achieve these goals because increased data rate is possible through spatial multiplexing scheme and diversity. Spatial Multiplexing (SM) is used to achieve higher possible throughput than diversity. In this paper, we propose a Zero-Forcing (ZF) detection using a combination of Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation (OSIC) and Zero Forcing using Interference Cancellation (ZF-IC). The proposed method used an OSIC based on Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ordering to get the estimation of last symbol (x ̃_(N_T )), then the estimated last symbol is considered to be an input to the ZF-IC. We analyze the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed MIMO system over Rayleigh Fading Channel, using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme. The results show better performance than the previous methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNR" title="SNR">SNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BPSK" title=" BPSK"> BPSK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulation" title=" modulation"> modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20forcing%20%28ZF%29" title=" zero forcing (ZF)"> zero forcing (ZF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSIC" title=" OSIC"> OSIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZF-IC" title=" ZF-IC"> ZF-IC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20multiplexing%20%28SM%29" title=" spatial multiplexing (SM)"> spatial multiplexing (SM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36113/performance-analysis-of-a-combined-ordered-successive-and-interference-cancellation-using-zero-forcing-detection-over-rayleigh-fading-channels-in-mimo-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Effect of Wind and Humidity on Microwave Links in West North Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Agha">M. S. Agha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Eshahiry"> A. M. Eshahiry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Aldabbar"> S. A. Aldabbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20M.%20Alshahri"> Z. M. Alshahri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The propagation of microwave is affected by rain and dust particles by way of signal attenuation and de-polarization. Computations of these effects require knowledge of the propagation characteristics of microwave and millimeter wave energy in the climate conditions of the studied region. This paper presents the effect of wind and humidity on wireless communication such as microwave links in the west north region of Libya (Al-Khoms), experimental procedure to study the effects mentioned above. The experimental procedure is done on three selected antennae towers (Nagaza stations, Al-Khoms center stations, Al-Khoms gateway stations) to determining of the attenuation loss per unit length and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) change which coverage in the studied region, it is required to collect the dust particles carried out by the wind, measure the particles size distribution (PSD), calculate the concentration, and carry chemical analysis of the contents, then the dielectric constant can be calculated. The result showed that effect of the humidity and dust, the antenna height, the visibility, on the complex permittivity effects both attenuation and phase shift, there is some consideration that has to be taken into account in the communication power budget. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation" title="attenuation">attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de-polarization" title=" de-polarization"> de-polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scattering" title=" scattering"> scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20loss" title=" transmission loss"> transmission loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91024/effect-of-wind-and-humidity-on-microwave-links-in-west-north-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Dielectric Study of Ethanol Water Mixtures at Different Concentration Using Hollow Channel Cantilever Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20S.%20Ghoraishi">Maryam S. Ghoraishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20E.%20Hawk"> John E. Hawk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Thundat"> Thomas Thundat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding liquid properties in small scale has become important in recent decades as immerging new microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices have been widely used for micro pumps, drug delivery, and many other laboratory-on-microchips analysis. Often in microfluidic devices, fluids are transported electrokinetically. Therefore, extensive knowledge of fluid flow, heat transport, electrokinetics and electrochemistry are key to successful lab on a chip design. Among different microfluidic devices, recently developed hollow channel cantilever offers an ideal platform to study different fluid properties simultaneously without drastic decrease in quality factor which normally occurs when traditional cantilevers operate in the liquid phase. Using hollow channel cantilever, we monitor changes in density and viscosity of liquid while simultaneously investigating dielectric properties of alcohol water binary mixtures. Considerable research has been conducted on alcohol-water mixtures since such a mixture is a typical prototype for biomolecules, Micelle formation, and structural stability of proteins (to name a few). Here we show that hollow channel cantilever can be employed to investigate dielectric properties of ethanol/water mixtures in different concentrations. We study dynamic amplitude shifts of hollow channel cantilever oscillation at different concentrations of ethanol/water for different voltages. Our results show how interactions between solute and solvent, and possibly cluster formation, could change dielectric properties and dipole reorientation of the mixture, as well as the resulting force on the hollow cantilever. For comparison, we also examine higher conductivity ionic mixtures of sodium sulfate solution under the same conditions as low conductivity ethanol/water mixtures. We will show the results from systematic investigation of solvent effects on dielectric properties of the binary mixture. We will also address the question of resolution limits in dielectric study of analyte molecules imposed by solvent concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20constant" title="dielectric constant">dielectric constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantilever%20sensors" title=" cantilever sensors"> cantilever sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol%20water%20mixtures" title=" ethanol water mixtures"> ethanol water mixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20frequency" title=" low frequency"> low frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61910/dielectric-study-of-ethanol-water-mixtures-at-different-concentration-using-hollow-channel-cantilever-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Design of Transmit Beamspace and DOA Estimation in MIMO Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ilakkiya">S. Ilakkiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Merline"> A. Merline</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems use modulated waveforms and directive antennas to transmit electromagnetic energy into a specific volume in space to search for targets. This paper deals with the design of transmit beamspace matrix and DOA estimation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with collocated antennas.The design of transmit beamspace matrix is based on minimizing the difference between a desired transmit beampattern and the actual one while enforcing the constraint of uniform power distribution across the transmit array elements. Rotational invariance property is established at the transmit array by imposing a specific structure on the beamspace matrix. Semidefinite programming and spatial-division based design (SDD) are also designed separately. In MIMO radar systems, DOA estimation is an essential process to determine the direction of incoming signals and thus to direct the beam of the antenna array towards the estimated direction. This estimation deals with non-adaptive spectral estimation and adaptive spectral estimation techniques. The design of the transmit beamspace matrix and spectral estimation techniques are studied through simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20and%20non-adaptive%20spectral%20estimation" title="adaptive and non-adaptive spectral estimation">adaptive and non-adaptive spectral estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direction%20of%20arrival%20estimation" title=" direction of arrival estimation"> direction of arrival estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO%20radar" title=" MIMO radar"> MIMO radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20invariance%20property" title=" rotational invariance property"> rotational invariance property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmit" title=" transmit"> transmit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=receive%20beamforming" title=" receive beamforming "> receive beamforming </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30032/design-of-transmit-beamspace-and-doa-estimation-in-mimo-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Information Theoretic Approach for Beamforming in Wireless Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Khurram%20Mahmud">Syed Khurram Mahmud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athar%20Naveed"> Athar Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoaib%20Arif"> Shoaib Arif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Beamforming is a signal processing technique extensively utilized in wireless communications and radars for desired signal intensification and interference signal minimization through spatial selectivity. In this paper, we present a method for calculation of optimal weight vectors for smart antenna array, to achieve a directive pattern during transmission and selective reception in interference prone environment. In proposed scheme, Mutual Information (MI) extrema are evaluated through an energy constrained objective function, which is based on a-priori information of interference source and desired array factor. Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) performance is evaluated for both transmission and reception. In our scheme, MI is presented as an index to identify trade-off between information gain, SINR, illumination time and spatial selectivity in an energy constrained optimization problem. The employed method yields lesser computational complexity, which is presented through comparative analysis with conventional methods in vogue. MI based beamforming offers enhancement of signal integrity in degraded environment while reducing computational intricacy and correlating key performance indicators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beamforming" title="beamforming">beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20information" title=" mutual information"> mutual information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20communications" title=" wireless communications"> wireless communications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89513/information-theoretic-approach-for-beamforming-in-wireless-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Research of the Rotation Magnetic Field Current Driven Effect on Pulsed Plasmoid Acceleration of Electric Propulsion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20F.%20Sun">X. F. Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20D.%20Wen"> X. D. Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20J.%20Liu"> L. J. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20C.%20Wu"> C. C. Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20H.%20Jia"> Y. H. Jia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field reversed closed magnetic field configuration plasmoid has a potential for large thrust and high power propulsion missions such as deep space exploration due to its high plasma density and larger azimuthal current, which will be a most competitive program for the next generation electric propulsion technology. Moreover, without the electrodes, it also has a long lifetime. Thus, the research on this electric propulsion technology is quite necessary. The plasmoid will be formatted and accelerated by applying a rotation magnetic field (RMF) method. And, the essence of this technology lies on the generation of the azimuthal electron currents driven by RMF. Therefore, the effect of RMF current on the plasmoid acceleration efficiency is a concerned problem. In the paper, the influences of the penetration process of RMF in plasma, the relations of frequency and amplitude of input RF power with current strength and the RMF antenna configuration on the plasmoid acceleration efficiency will be given by a two-fluid numerical simulation method. The results show that the radio-frequency and input power have remarkable influence on the formation and acceleration of plasmoid. These results will provide useful advice for the development, and optimized designing of field reversed configuration plasmoid thruster. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotation%20magnetic%20field" title="rotation magnetic field">rotation magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20driven" title=" current driven"> current driven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20penetration" title=" plasma penetration"> plasma penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20propulsion" title=" electric propulsion"> electric propulsion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102126/research-of-the-rotation-magnetic-field-current-driven-effect-on-pulsed-plasmoid-acceleration-of-electric-propulsion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Performance Analysis in 5th Generation Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihad%20S.%20Daba">Jihad S. Daba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Pierre%20Dubois"> Jean-Pierre Dubois</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georges%20El%20Soury"> Georges El Soury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fifth generation wireless networks guarantee significant capacity enhancement to suit more clients and services at higher information rates with better reliability while consuming less power. The deployment of massive multiple-input-multiple-output technology guarantees broadband wireless networks with the use of base station antenna arrays to serve a large number of users on the same frequency and time-slot channels. In this work, we evaluate the performance of massive multiple-input-multiple-output systems (MIMO) systems in 5<sup>th</sup> generation cellular networks in terms of capacity and bit error rate. Several cases were considered and analyzed to compare the performance of massive MIMO systems while varying the number of antennas at both transmitting and receiving ends. We found that, unlike classical MIMO systems, reducing the number of transmit antennas while increasing the number of antennas at the receiver end provides a better solution to performance enhancement. In addition, enhanced orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and beam division multiple access schemes further improve the performance of massive MIMO systems and make them more reliable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20division%20multiple%20access" title="beam division multiple access">beam division multiple access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D2D%20communication" title=" D2D communication"> D2D communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20OFDM" title=" enhanced OFDM"> enhanced OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fifth%20generation%20broadband" title=" fifth generation broadband"> fifth generation broadband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massive%20MIMO" title=" massive MIMO"> massive MIMO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96696/performance-analysis-in-5th-generation-massive-multiple-input-multiple-output-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Deep Learning to Improve the 5G NR Uplink Control Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Krobba">Ahmed Krobba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriem%20Touzene"> Meriem Touzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Debeyche"> Mohamed Debeyche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wireless communications system (5G) will provide more diverse applications and higher quality services for users compared to the long-term evolution 4G (LTE). 5G uses a higher carrier frequency, which suffers from information loss in 5G coverage. Most 5G users often cannot obtain high-quality communications due to transmission channel noise and channel complexity. Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH-NR: Physical Uplink Control Channel New Radio) plays a crucial role in 5G NR telecommunication technology, which is mainly used to transmit link control information uplink (UCI: Uplink Control Information. This study based of evaluating the performance of channel physical uplink control PUCCH-NR under low Signal-to-Noise Ratios with various antenna numbers reception. We propose the artificial intelligence approach based on deep neural networks (Deep Learning) to estimate the PUCCH-NR channel in comparison with this approach with different conventional methods such as least-square (LS) and minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE). To evaluate the channel performance we use the block error rate (BLER) as an evaluation criterion of the communication system. The results show that the deep neural networks method gives best performance compared with MMSE and LS <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G%20network" title="5G network">5G network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uplink%20%28Uplink%29" title=" uplink (Uplink)"> uplink (Uplink)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PUCCH%20channel" title=" PUCCH channel"> PUCCH channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NR-PUCCH%20channel" title=" NR-PUCCH channel"> NR-PUCCH channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183158/deep-learning-to-improve-the-5g-nr-uplink-control-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> A Comparative Study on ANN, ANFIS and SVM Methods for Computing Resonant Frequency of A-Shaped Compact Microstrip Antennas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Kayabasi">Ahmet Kayabasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akdagli"> Ali Akdagli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, three robust predicting methods, namely artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and support vector machine (SVM) were used for computing the resonant frequency of A-shaped compact microstrip antennas (ACMAs) operating at UHF band. Firstly, the resonant frequencies of 144 ACMAs with various dimensions and electrical parameters were simulated with the help of IE3D™ based on method of moment (MoM). The ANN, ANFIS and SVM models for computing the resonant frequency were then built by considering the simulation data. 124 simulated ACMAs were utilized for training and the remaining 20 ACMAs were used for testing the ANN, ANFIS and SVM models. The performance of the ANN, ANFIS and SVM models are compared in the training and test process. The average percentage errors (APE) regarding the computed resonant frequencies for training of the ANN, ANFIS and SVM were obtained as 0.457%, 0.399% and 0.600%, respectively. The constructed models were then tested and APE values as 0.601% for ANN, 0.744% for ANFIS and 0.623% for SVM were achieved. The results obtained here show that ANN, ANFIS and SVM methods can be successfully applied to compute the resonant frequency of ACMAs, since they are useful and versatile methods that yield accurate results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a-shaped%20compact%20microstrip%20antenna" title="a-shaped compact microstrip antenna">a-shaped compact microstrip antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network%20%28ANN%29" title=" artificial neural network (ANN)"> artificial neural network (ANN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neuro-fuzzy%20inference%20system%20%28ANFIS%29" title=" adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)"> adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine%20%28SVM%29" title=" support vector machine (SVM)"> support vector machine (SVM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31100/a-comparative-study-on-ann-anfis-and-svm-methods-for-computing-resonant-frequency-of-a-shaped-compact-microstrip-antennas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Application of GPR for Prospection in Two Archaeological Sites at Aswan Area, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Mohamed%20Abbas">Abbas Mohamed Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raafat%20El-Shafie%20Fat-Helbary"> Raafat El-Shafie Fat-Helbary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karrar%20Omar%20El%20Fergawy"> Karrar Omar El Fergawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hamed%20Sayed"> Ahmed Hamed Sayed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exploration in archaeological area requires non-invasive methods, and hence the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique is a proper candidate for this task. GPR investigation is widely applied for searching for hidden ancient targets. So, in this paper GPR technique has been used in archaeological investigation. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the subsurface and associated structures beneath two selected sites at the western bank of the River Nile at Aswan city. These sites have archaeological structures of different ages starting from 6thand 12th Dynasties to the Greco-Roman period. The first site is called Nag’ El Gulab, the study area was 30 x 16 m with separating distance 2m between each profile, while the second site is Nag’ El Qoba, the survey method was not in grid but in lines pattern with different lengths. All of these sites were surveyed by GPR model SIR-3000 with antenna 200 MHz. Beside the processing of each profile individually, the time-slice maps have been conducted Nag’ El Gulab site, to view the amplitude changes in a series of horizontal time slices within the ground. The obtained results show anomalies may interpret as presence of associated tombs structures. The probable tombs structures similar in their depth level to the opened tombs in the studied areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20penetrating%20radar" title="ground penetrating radar">ground penetrating radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archeology" title=" archeology"> archeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nag%E2%80%99%20El%20Gulab" title=" Nag’ El Gulab"> Nag’ El Gulab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nag%E2%80%99%20El%20Qoba" title=" Nag’ El Qoba "> Nag’ El Qoba </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35886/application-of-gpr-for-prospection-in-two-archaeological-sites-at-aswan-area-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Optimization of Energy Harvesting Systems for RFID Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Chambe">P. Chambe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Canova"> B. Canova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Balabanian"> A. Balabanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pele"> M. Pele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Coeur"> N. Coeur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To avoid battery assisted tags with limited lifetime batteries, it is proposed here to replace them by energy harvesting systems, able to feed from local environment. This would allow total independence to RFID systems, very interesting for applications where tag removal from its location is not possible. Example is here described for luggage safety in airports, and is easily extendable to similar situation in terms of operation constraints. The idea is to fix RFID tag with energy harvesting system not only to identify luggage but also to supply an embedded microcontroller with a sensor delivering luggage weight making it impossible to add or to remove anything from the luggage during transit phases. The aim is to optimize the harvested energy for such RFID applications, and to study in which limits these applications are theoretically possible. Proposed energy harvester is based on two energy sources: piezoelectricity and electromagnetic waves, so that when the luggage is moving on ground transportation to airline counters, the piezo module supplies the tag and its microcontroller, while the RF module operates during luggage transit thanks to readers located along the way. Tag location on the luggage is analyzed to get best vibrations, as well as harvester better choice for optimizing the energy supply depending on applications and the amount of energy harvested during a period of time. Effects of system parameters (RFID UHF frequencies, limit distance between the tag and the antenna necessary to harvest energy, produced voltage and voltage threshold) are discussed and working conditions for such system are delimited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID%20tag" title="RFID tag">RFID tag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title=" energy harvesting"> energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20waves" title=" EM waves "> EM waves </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11079/optimization-of-energy-harvesting-systems-for-rfid-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Performance Analysis of Different PSK Scheme on Receiver Sensitivity and Round Trip Distance for Chipless RFID System for UWB with Rayleigh Fading Channels in Outdoor NLOS Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmud">Khalid Mahmud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an analytic approach is presented to evaluate the Bit Error Rate (BER) and round trip distance for a UWB chipless RFID system using diversity technique at the reader receiver using different modulation technique. The analysis is carried out with multiresonator based chipless RFID tags using frequency range from 3 GHz − 6 GHz and bandwidth of 500 M Hz in outdoor non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment. SISO configuration is used to communicate from the reader to the tag and SIMO configuration is used do vice versa. Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) technique is used in the reader. MPSK, DQPSK, DBPSK, BPSK, QPSK and DMPSK modulation techniques are considered with coherent demodulation to evaluate the BER performance. From the numerical analysis of the results, it is found that at a given BER maximum possible round trip distance can be achieved using DMPSK modulation technique. In addition, it has been proved that, while using DMPSK modulation technique, the application of diversity has very little effect on the overall improvement in reader receiver sensitivity and achievable distance. Finally the method not only proves to be a very good way for tag detection in case of a chipless RFID system but also gives a clear insight regarding the interrelationship between BER, read range, reader received power, number of receiving antenna in outdoor NLOS environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EGC" title="EGC">EGC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRC" title=" MRC"> MRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=read%20range" title=" read range"> read range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39438/performance-analysis-of-different-psk-scheme-on-receiver-sensitivity-and-round-trip-distance-for-chipless-rfid-system-for-uwb-with-rayleigh-fading-channels-in-outdoor-nlos-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Reactions of 4-Aryl-1H-1,2,3-Triazoles with Cycloalkenones and Epoxides: Synthesis of 2,4- and 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjawal%20Kumar%20Bhagat">Ujjawal Kumar Bhagat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaluddin"> Kamaluddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rama%20Krishna%20Peddinti"> Rama Krishna Peddinti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Huisgen’s 1,3-dipolar [3+2] cycloaddition of organic azides and alkynes often give the mixtures of both the regioisomers 1,4- and 1,5- disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Later, in presence of metal salts (click chemistry) such as copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) was used for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as a sole products regioselectively. Also, the ‘click reactions’ of Ruthenium-catalyzed azides-alkynes cycloaddition (RuAAC) is used for the synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as a single isomer. The synthesis of 1,4- and 1.5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles has become the gold standard of ‘click chemistry’ due to its reliability, specificity, and biocompatibility. The 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles have emerged as one of the most powerful entities in the varieties of biological properties like antibacterial, antitubercular, antitumor, antifungal and antiprotozoal activities. Some of the 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles exhibit Hsp90 inhibiting properties. The 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles also play a big role in the area of material sciences. The triazole-derived oligomeric, polymeric structures are the potential materials for the preparation of organic optoelectronics, silicon elastomers and unimolecular block copolymers. By the virtue of hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions, the 1,2,3-triazole moiety readily associates with the biological targets. Since, the 4-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles are stable entities, they are chemically robust and very less reactive. In this regard, the addition of 4-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles as nucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls and nucleophilic substitution with the epoxides constitutes a powerful and challenging synthetic approach for the generation of disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Herein, we have developed aza-Michael addition of 4-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles to 2-cycloalken-1-ones in the presence of an organic base (DABCO) in acetonotrile solvent leading to the formation of disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The reaction provides 1,4-disubstituted triazoles, 3-(4-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)cycloalkanones in major amount along with 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles, minor regioisomers with excellent combined chemical yields (upto99%). The nucleophilic behavior of 4-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles was also tested in the ring opening of meso-epoxides in the presence of organic bases (DABCO/Et3N) in acetonotrile solvent furnishing the two regioisomers1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Thus, the novelty of this methodology is synthesis of diversified disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles under metal free condition.The results will be presented in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aza-Michael%20addition" title="aza-Michael addition">aza-Michael addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycloalkenones" title=" cycloalkenones"> cycloalkenones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxides" title=" epoxides"> epoxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triazoles" title=" triazoles"> triazoles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63327/reactions-of-4-aryl-1h-123-triazoles-with-cycloalkenones-and-epoxides-synthesis-of-24-and-14-disubstituted-123-triazoles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption for Detection of Ultra Trace of 3,4- Methylene Dioxy- Methamphetamine (MDMA)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sultan%20Ben%20Jaber">Sultan Ben Jaber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical properties of molecules exhibit dramatic changes when adsorbed close to nano-structure metallic surfaces such as gold and silver nanomaterial. This phenomena opened a wide range of research to improve conventional spectroscopies efficiency. A well-known technique that has an intensive focus of study is surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as since the first observation of SERS phenomena, researchers have published a great number of articles about the potential mechanisms behind this effect as well as developing materials to maximize the enhancement. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are complementary techniques; thus, surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) also shows a noticeable enhancement of molecules in the mid-IR excitation on nonmetallic structure substrates. In the SEIRA, vibrational modes that gave change in dipole moments perpendicular to the nano-metallic substrate enhanced 200 times greater than the free molecule’s modes. SEIRA spectroscopy is promising for the characterization and identification of adsorbed molecules on metallic surfaces, especially at trace levels. IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) is a well-known technique for measuring IR spectra of adsorbed molecules on metallic surfaces. However, SEIRA spectroscopy sensitivity is up to 50 times higher than IRAS. SEIRA enhancement has been observed for a wide range of molecules adsorbed on metallic substrates such as Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Al, and Ni, but Au and Ag substrates exhibited the highest enhancement among the other mentioned substrates. In this work, trace levels of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) have been detected using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) substrates with surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA). AuNPs were first prepared and washed, then mixed with different concentrations of MDMA samples. The process of fabricating the substrate prior SEIRA measurements included mixing of AuNPs and MDMA samples followed by vigorous stirring. The stirring step is particularly crucial, as stirring allows molecules to be robustly adsorbed on AuNPs. Thus, remarkable SEIRA was observed for MDMA samples even at trace levels, showing the rigidity of our approach to preparing SEIRA substrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-enhanced%20infrared%20absorption%20%28SEIRA%29" title="surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA)">surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles%20%28AuNPs%29" title=" gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)"> gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amphetamines" title=" amphetamines"> amphetamines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylene%20dioxy-%20methamphetamine%20%28MDMA%29" title=" methylene dioxy- methamphetamine (MDMA)"> methylene dioxy- methamphetamine (MDMA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancement%20factor" title=" enhancement factor"> enhancement factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172568/surface-enhanced-infrared-absorption-for-detection-of-ultra-trace-of-34-methylene-dioxy-methamphetamine-mdma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Hydrodynamics and Hydro-acoustics of Fish Schools: Insights from Computational Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Zhou">Ji Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Hee%20Seo"> Jung Hee Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajat%20Mittal"> Rajat Mittal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fish move in groups for foraging, reproduction, predator protection, and hydrodynamic efficiency. Schooling's predator protection involves the "many eyes" theory, which increases predator detection probability in a group. Reduced visual signature in a group scales with school size, offering per-capita protection. The ‘confusion effect’ makes it hard for predators to target prey in a group. These benefits, however, all focus on vision-based sensing, overlooking sound-based detection. Fish, including predators, possess sophisticated sensory systems for pressure waves and underwater sound. The lateral line system detects acoustic waves, while otolith organs sense infrasound, and sharks use an auditory system for low-frequency sounds. Among sound generation mechanisms of fish, the mechanism of dipole sound relates to hydrodynamic pressure forces on the body surface of the fish and this pressure would be affected by group swimming. Thus, swimming within a group could affect this hydrodynamic noise signature of fish and possibly serve as an additional protection afforded by schooling, but none of the studies to date have explored this effect. BAUVs with fin-like propulsors could reduce acoustic noise without compromising performance, addressing issues of anthropogenic noise pollution in marine environments. Therefore, in this study, we used our in-house immersed-boundary method flow and acoustic solver, ViCar3D, to simulate fish schools consisting of four swimmers in the classic ‘diamond’ configuration and discussed the feasibility of yielding higher swimming efficiency and controlling far-field sound signature of the school. We examine the effects of the relative phase of fin flapping of the swimmers and the simulation results indicate that the phase of the fin flapping is a dominant factor in both thrust enhancement and the total sound radiated into the far-field by a group of swimmers. For fish in the “diamond” configuration, a suitable combination of the relative phase difference between pairs of leading fish and trailing fish can result in better swimming performance with significantly lower hydroacoustic noise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20schooling" title="fish schooling">fish schooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopropulsion" title=" biopropulsion"> biopropulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title=" hydrodynamics"> hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroacoustics" title=" hydroacoustics"> hydroacoustics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181485/hydrodynamics-and-hydro-acoustics-of-fish-schools-insights-from-computational-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Analyze the Effect of TETRA, Terrestrial Trunked Radio, Signal on the Health of People Working in the Gas Refinery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Bagher%20Heidari">Mohammad Bagher Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hefzollah%20Mohammadian"> Hefzollah Mohammadian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio) is a digital radio communication standard, which has been implemented in several different parts of the gas refinery ninth (phase 12th) by South Pars Gas Complex. Studies on possible impacts on the users' health considering different exposure conditions are missing. Objectives: To investigate possible acute effects of electromagnetic ﬁelds (EMF) of two different levels of TETRA hand-held transmitter signals on cognitive function and well-being in healthy young males. Methods: In the present double-blind cross-over study possible effects of short-term (2.5 h) EMF exposure of handset-like signals of TETRA (450 - 470 MHz) were studied in 30 healthy male participants (mean ± SD: 25.4 ±2.6 years). Individuals were tested on nine study days, on which they were exposed to three different exposure conditions (Sham, TETRA 1.5 W/kg and TETRA 10.0 W/kg) in a randomly assigned and balanced order. Participants were tested in the afternoon at a ﬁxed timeframe. Results: Attention remained unchanged in two out of three tasks. In the working memory, signiﬁcant changes were observed in two out of four subtasks. Signiﬁcant results were found in 5 out of 35 tested parameters, four of them led to an improvement in performance. Mood, well-being and subjective somatic complaints were not affected by TETRA exposure. Conclusions: The results of the present study do not indicate a negative impact of a short-term EMF- effect of TETRA on cognitive function and well-being in healthy young men. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TETRA%20%28terrestrial%20trunked%20radio%29" title="TETRA (terrestrial trunked radio)">TETRA (terrestrial trunked radio)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20fields%20%28EMF%29" title=" electromagnetic fields (EMF)"> electromagnetic fields (EMF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20telecommunication%20health%20research%20%28MTHR%29" title=" mobile telecommunication health research (MTHR)"> mobile telecommunication health research (MTHR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title=" antenna"> antenna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41821/analyze-the-effect-of-tetra-terrestrial-trunked-radio-signal-on-the-health-of-people-working-in-the-gas-refinery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Towards Printed Green Time-Temperature Indicator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariia%20Zhuldybina">Mariia Zhuldybina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Moulay"> Ahmed Moulay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirko%20Torres"> Mirko Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mike%20Rozel"> Mike Rozel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngoc-Duc%20Trinh"> Ngoc-Duc Trinh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlo%C3%A9%20Bois"> Chloé Bois</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To reduce the global waste of perishable goods, a solution for monitoring and traceability of their environmental conditions is needed. Temperature is the most controllable environmental parameter determining the kinetics of physical, chemical, and microbial spoilage in food products. To store the time-temperature information, time-temperature indicator (TTI) is a promising solution. Printed electronics (PE) has shown a great potential to produce customized electronic devices using flexible substrates and inks with different functionalities. We propose to fabricate a hybrid printed TTI using environmentally friendly materials. The real-time TTI profile can be stored and transmitted to the smartphone via Near Field Communication (NFC). To ensure environmental performance, Canadian Green Electronics NSERC Network is developing green materials for the ink formulation with different functionalities. In terms of substrate, paper-based electronics has gained the great interest for utilization in a wide area of electronic systems because of their low costs in setup and methodology, as well as their eco-friendly fabrication technologies. The main objective is to deliver a prototype of TTI using small-scale printed techniques under typical printing conditions. All sub-components of the smart labels, including a memristor, a battery, an antenna compatible with NFC protocol, and a circuit compatible with integration performed by an offsite supplier will be fully printed with flexography or flat-bed screen printing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFC" title="NFC">NFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=printed%20electronics" title=" printed electronics"> printed electronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-temperature%20indicator" title=" time-temperature indicator"> time-temperature indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20electronics" title=" hybrid electronics"> hybrid electronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142956/towards-printed-green-time-temperature-indicator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Resonant Fluorescence in a Two-Level Atom and the Terahertz Gap</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolai%20N.%20Bogolubov">Nikolai N. Bogolubov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20V.%20Soldatov"> Andrey V. Soldatov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terahertz radiation occupies a range of frequencies somewhere from 100 GHz to approximately 10 THz, just between microwaves and infrared waves. This range of frequencies holds promise for many useful applications in experimental applied physics and technology. At the same time, reliable, simple techniques for generation, amplification, and modulation of electromagnetic radiation in this range are far from been developed enough to meet the requirements of its practical usage, especially in comparison to the level of technological abilities already achieved for other domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. This situation of relative underdevelopment of this potentially very important range of electromagnetic spectrum is known under the name of the 'terahertz gap.' Among other things, technological progress in the terahertz area has been impeded by the lack of compact, low energy consumption, easily controlled and continuously radiating terahertz radiation sources. Therefore, development of new techniques serving this purpose as well as various devices based on them is of obvious necessity. No doubt, it would be highly advantageous to employ the simplest of suitable physical systems as major critical components in these techniques and devices. The purpose of the present research was to show by means of conventional methods of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and the theory of open quantum systems, that a thoroughly studied two-level quantum system, also known as an one-electron two-level 'atom', being driven by external classical monochromatic high-frequency (e.g. laser) field, can radiate continuously at much lower (e.g. terahertz) frequency in the fluorescent regime if the transition dipole moment operator of this 'atom' possesses permanent non-equal diagonal matrix elements. This assumption contradicts conventional assumption routinely made in quantum optics that only the non-diagonal matrix elements persist. The conventional assumption is pertinent to natural atoms and molecules and stems from the property of spatial inversion symmetry of their eigenstates. At the same time, such an assumption is justified no more in regard to artificially manufactured quantum systems of reduced dimensionality, such as, for example, quantum dots, which are often nicknamed 'artificial atoms' due to striking similarity of their optical properties to those ones of the real atoms. Possible ways to experimental observation and practical implementation of the predicted effect are discussed too. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terahertz%20gap" title="terahertz gap">terahertz gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-level%20atom" title=" two-level atom"> two-level atom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20fluorescence" title=" resonant fluorescence"> resonant fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dot" title=" quantum dot"> quantum dot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20fluorescence" title=" resonant fluorescence"> resonant fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-level%20atom" title=" two-level atom"> two-level atom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70294/resonant-fluorescence-in-a-two-level-atom-and-the-terahertz-gap" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Determines the Continuity of Void in Underground Mine Tunnel Using Ground Penetrating Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Adisaputra%20Gumilang">Farid Adisaputra Gumilang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kucing Liar Underground Mine is a future mine of PT Freeport Indonesia PTFI that is currently being developed. In the development process, problems were found when blasting the tunnels; there were overbreak, and void occur caused by geological contact or poor rock conditions. Geotechnical engineers must evaluate not only the remnant capacity of ground support systems but also investigate the depth of rock mass yield within pillars. To prevent the potential hazard caused by void zones, geotechnical engineers must ensure the planned drift is mined in the best location where people can work safely. GPR, or Ground penetrating radar, is a geophysical method that can image the subsurface. This non-destructive method uses electromagnetic radiation and detects the reflected signals from subsurface structures. The GPR survey measurements are conducted 48 meters along the drift that has a poor ground condition with 150MHz antenna with several angles (roof, wall, and floor). Concern grounds are determined by the continuity of reflector/low reflector in the radargram section. Concern grounds are determined by the continuity of reflector/low reflector in the radargram section. In this paper, processing data using instantaneous amplitude to identify the void zone. In order to have a good interpretation and result, it combines with the geological information and borehole camera data, so the calibrated GPR data allows the geotechnical engineer to determine the safe location to change the drift location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20mine" title="underground mine">underground mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20penetrating%20radar" title=" ground penetrating radar"> ground penetrating radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectivity" title=" reflectivity"> reflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borehole%20camera" title=" borehole camera"> borehole camera</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166036/determines-the-continuity-of-void-in-underground-mine-tunnel-using-ground-penetrating-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Vibrational Spectra and Nonlinear Optical Investigations of a Chalcone Derivative (2e)-3-[4-(Methylsulfanyl) Phenyl]-1-(3-Bromophenyl) Prop-2-En-1-One </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar">Amit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archana%20Gupta"> Archana Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonam%20Tandon"> Poonam Tandon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20D.%20D%E2%80%99Silva"> E. D. D’Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are the key materials for the fast processing of information and optical data storage applications. In the last decade, materials showing nonlinear optical properties have been the object of increasing attention by both experimental and computational points of view. Chalcones are one of the most important classes of cross conjugated NLO chromophores that are reported to exhibit good SHG efficiency, ultra fast optical nonlinearities and are easily crystallizable. The basic structure of chalcones is based on the π-conjugated system in which two aromatic rings are connected by a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. Due to the overlap of π orbitals, delocalization of electronic charge distribution leads to a high mobility of the electron density. On a molecular scale, the extent of charge transfer across the NLO chromophore determines the level of SHG output. Hence, the functionalization of both ends of the π-bond system with appropriate electron donor and acceptor groups can enhance the asymmetric electronic distribution in either or both ground and excited states, leading to an increased optical nonlinearity. In this research, the experimental and theoretical study on the structure and vibrations of (2E)-3-[4-(methylsulfanyl) phenyl]-1-(3-bromophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (3Br4MSP) is presented. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the NLO material in the solid phase have been recorded. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set were carried out to study the equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared absorbance and Raman scattering activities. The interpretation of vibrational features (normal mode assignments, for instance) has an invaluable aid from DFT calculations that provide a quantum-mechanical description of the electronic energies and forces involved. Perturbation theory allows one to obtain the vibrational normal modes by estimating the derivatives of the Kohn−Sham energy with respect to atomic displacements. The molecular hyperpolarizability β plays a chief role in the NLO properties, and a systematical study on β has been carried out. Furthermore, the first order hyperpolarizability (β) and the related properties such as dipole moment (μ) and polarizability (α) of the title molecule are evaluated by Finite Field (FF) approach. The electronic α and β of the studied molecule are 41.907×10-24 and 79.035×10-24 e.s.u. respectively, indicating that 3Br4MSP can be used as a good nonlinear optical material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title="DFT">DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEP" title=" MEP"> MEP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLO" title=" NLO"> NLO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrational%20spectra" title=" vibrational spectra"> vibrational spectra</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54272/vibrational-spectra-and-nonlinear-optical-investigations-of-a-chalcone-derivative-2e-3-4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl-1-3-bromophenyl-prop-2-en-1-one" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Evaluation of the Photo Neutron Contamination inside and outside of Treatment Room for High Energy Elekta Synergy® Linear Accelerator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharib%20Ahmed">Sharib Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansoor%20Rafi"> Mansoor Rafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Ali%20Awan"> Kamran Ali Awan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Khaskhali"> Faraz Khaskhali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Maqbool"> Amir Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altaf%20Hashmi"> Altaf Hashmi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medical linear accelerators (LINAC’s) used in radiotherapy treatments produce undesired neutrons when they are operated at energies above 8 MeV, both in electron and photon configuration. Neutrons are produced by high-energy photons and electrons through electronuclear (e, n) a photonuclear giant dipole resonance (GDR) reactions. These reactions occurs when incoming photon or electron incident through the various materials of target, flattening filter, collimators, and other shielding components in LINAC’s structure. These neutrons may reach directly to the patient, or they may interact with the surrounding materials until they become thermalized. A work has been set up to study the effect of different parameter on the production of neutron around the room by photonuclear reactions induced by photons above ~8 MeV. One of the commercial available neutron detector (Ludlum Model 42-31H Neutron Detector) is used for the detection of thermal and fast neutrons (0.025 eV to approximately 12 MeV) inside and outside of the treatment room. Measurements were performed for different field sizes at 100 cm source to surface distance (SSD) of detector, at different distances from the isocenter and at the place of primary and secondary walls. Other measurements were performed at door and treatment console for the potential radiation safety concerns of the therapists who must walk in and out of the room for the treatments. Exposures have taken place from Elekta Synergy® linear accelerators for two different energies (10 MV and 18 MV) for a given 200 MU’s and dose rate of 600 MU per minute. Results indicates that neutron doses at 100 cm SSD depend on accelerator characteristics means jaw settings as jaws are made of high atomic number material so provides significant interaction of photons to produce neutrons, while doses at the place of larger distance from isocenter are strongly influenced by the treatment room geometry and backscattering from the walls cause a greater doses as compare to dose at 100 cm distance from isocenter. In the treatment room the ambient dose equivalent due to photons produced during decay of activation nuclei varies from 4.22 mSv.h−1 to 13.2 mSv.h−1 (at isocenter),6.21 mSv.h−1 to 29.2 mSv.h−1 (primary wall) and 8.73 mSv.h−1 to 37.2 mSv.h−1 (secondary wall) for 10 and 18 MV respectively. The ambient dose equivalent for neutrons at door is 5 μSv.h−1 to 2 μSv.h−1 while at treatment console room it is 2 μSv.h−1 to 0 μSv.h−1 for 10 and 18 MV respectively which shows that a 2 m thick and 5m longer concrete maze provides sufficient shielding for neutron at door as well as at treatment console for 10 and 18 MV photons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20doses" title="equivalent doses">equivalent doses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20contamination" title=" neutron contamination"> neutron contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20detector" title=" neutron detector"> neutron detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photon%20energy" title=" photon energy "> photon energy </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23969/evaluation-of-the-photo-neutron-contamination-inside-and-outside-of-treatment-room-for-high-energy-elekta-synergy-linear-accelerator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Enhanced Stability of Piezoelectric Crystalline Phase of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) and Its Copolymer upon Epitaxial Relationships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devi%20Eka%20Septiyani%20Arifin">Devi Eka Septiyani Arifin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jrjeng%20Ruan"> Jrjeng Ruan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an approach to manipulate the performance of polymer thin film, epitaxy crystallization within polymer blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) was studied in this research, which involves the competition between phase separation and crystal growth of constitutive semicrystalline polymers. The unique piezoelectric feature of poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystalline phase is derived from the packing of molecular chains in all-trans conformation, which spatially arranges all the substituted fluorene atoms on one side of the molecular chain and hydrogen atoms on the other side. Therefore, the net dipole moment is induced across the lateral packing of molecular chains. Nevertheless, due to the mutual repulsion among fluorene atoms, this all-trans molecular conformation is not stable, and ready to change above curie temperature, where thermal energy is sufficient to cause segmental rotation. This research attempts to explore whether the epitaxial interactions between piezoelectric crystals and crystal lattice of hexamethylbenzene (HMB) crystalline platelet is able to stabilize this metastable all-trans molecular conformation or not. As an aromatic crystalline compound, the melt of HMB was surprisingly found able to dissolve the poly(vinylidene fluoride), resulting in homogeneous eutectic solution. Thus, after quenching this binary eutectic mixture to room temperature, subsequent heating or annealing processes were designed to explore the involve phase separation and crystallization behavior. The phase transition behaviors were observed in-situ by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular packing was observed via transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the principles of electron diffraction were brought to study the internal crystal structure epitaxially developed within thin films. Obtained results clearly indicated the occurrence of heteroepitaxy of PVDF/PVDF-TrFE on HMB crystalline platelet. Both the concentration of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and the mixing ratios of these two constitutive polymers have been adopted as the influential factors for studying the competition between the epitaxial crystallization of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) on HMB crystalline. Furthermore, the involved epitaxial relationship is to be deciphered and studied as a potential factor capable of guiding the wide spread of piezoelectric crystalline form. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epitaxy" title="epitaxy">epitaxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20platelet" title=" crystalline platelet"> crystalline platelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film%20and%20mixing%20ratio" title=" thin film and mixing ratio"> thin film and mixing ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46158/enhanced-stability-of-piezoelectric-crystalline-phase-of-polyvinylidene-fluoride-pvdf-and-its-copolymer-upon-epitaxial-relationships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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