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Bahasa Arab - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&amp;returnto=Bahasa+Arab" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&amp;returnto=Bahasa+Arab" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&amp;returnto=Bahasa+Arab" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&amp;returnto=Bahasa+Arab" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kesusasteraan_dan_Piawai_Moden_Ara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesusasteraan_dan_Piawai_Moden_Ara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kesusasteraan dan Piawai Moden Ara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesusasteraan_dan_Piawai_Moden_Ara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengaruh_Arab_pada_bahasa_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengaruh_Arab_pada_bahasa_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pengaruh Arab pada bahasa lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengaruh_Arab_pada_bahasa_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peranan_dalam_agama_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peranan_dalam_agama_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Peranan dalam agama Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peranan_dalam_agama_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialek_dan_keturunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialek_dan_keturunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dialek dan keturunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialek_dan_keturunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bunyi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bunyi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bunyi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bunyi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Bunyi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bunyi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vokal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Vokal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Konsonan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Struktur_suku_kata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktur_suku_kata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Struktur suku kata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struktur_suku_kata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Stres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variasi_dialektal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variasi_dialektal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Variasi dialektal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variasi_dialektal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatabahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatabahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tatabahasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatabahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_tulisan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_tulisan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sistem tulisan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistem_tulisan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sistem tulisan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sistem_tulisan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kaligrafi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaligrafi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Kaligrafi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaligrafi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transliterasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transliterasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Transliterasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transliterasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengawal_piawai-bahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengawal_piawai-bahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pengawal piawai-bahasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengawal_piawai-bahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mempelajari_bahasa_Arab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mempelajari_bahasa_Arab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Mempelajari bahasa Arab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mempelajari_bahasa_Arab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perkamusan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkamusan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Perkamusan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perkamusan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Perkamusan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perkamusan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kamus_Marbawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kamus_Marbawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Kamus Marbawi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kamus_Marbawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kamus_Arab_Melayu_Sunda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kamus_Arab_Melayu_Sunda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Kamus Arab Melayu Sunda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kamus_Arab_Melayu_Sunda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Rujukan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nota_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nota_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Nota kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nota_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Fonologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatabahasa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatabahasa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Tatabahasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatabahasa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialektologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialektologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Dialektologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialektologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa Arab</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 248 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-248" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">248 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Арапыбзэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Арапыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Хьэрыпыбзэ – Kabardia" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хьэрыпыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Arabies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Sprache" title="Arabische Sprache – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Arabische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%93%E1%88%A8%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="ዓረብኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዓረብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiakiel%C3%A2" title="Arabiakielâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Arabiakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="अरबी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अरबी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Arabisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Arabisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Араб бызшәа – Abkhazia" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Араб бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة العربية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة العربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_arabe" title="Idioma arabe – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma arabe" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A5%DC%AA%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Արաբերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արաբերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabo" title="Arabo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Arabo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আৰবী ভাষা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৰবী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rabe" title="Árabe – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Árabe" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arave%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Araveñe&#039;ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Araveñe&#039;ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="ГӀараб мацӀ – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀараб мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fr%C9%99b_dili" title="Ərəb dili – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ərəb dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="عرب دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عرب دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Arab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Arab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আরবি ভাষা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরবি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-la-pek-g%C3%AD" title="A-la-pek-gí – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="A-la-pek-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ғәрәп теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғәрәп теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арабская мова – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арабская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арабская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арабская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2sa_Arab" title="Bhâsa Arab – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Arab" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Arabe" title="Tataramon na Arabe – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Arabe" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Sproch" title="Arabische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Arabische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་རབ་སྐད། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་རབ་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapski_jezik" title="Arapski jezik – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arapski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arabeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арабски език – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арабски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Араб хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Араб хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rab" title="Àrab – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àrab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inarabigo" title="Inarabigo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inarabigo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Арап чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арап чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%A1tina" title="Arabština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arabština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiarabu" title="Chiarabu – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chiarabu" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiarabhu" title="Chiarabhu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiarabhu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_%C3%A0raba" title="Lingua àraba – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua àraba" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arabeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisk_(sprog)" title="Arabisk (sprog) – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arabisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لعربية – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لعربية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bagiella" title="Arábagiella – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Arábagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Sprache" title="Arabische Sprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arabische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%A2%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%84%DE%A8" title="ޢަރަބި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޢަރަބި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Bizaad" title="Ásáí Bizaad – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ásáí Bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Arabska rěc – Sorbian Rendah" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Arabska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabia_keel" title="Araabia keel – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Araabia keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αραβική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αραβική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areb" title="Areb – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Areb" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arabic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арабонь кель – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Арабонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_%C3%A1rabe" title="Idioma árabe – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma árabe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba_lingvo" title="Araba lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Araba lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Arabi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arabiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="زبان عربی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان عربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbii_bhasa" title="Arbii bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Arbii bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Arabiskt mál – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Arabiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arabe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabysk" title="Arabysk – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Arabysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Araibis" title="An Araibis – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Araibis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabish" title="Arabish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Arabish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_dili" title="Arab dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Arab dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabais" title="Arabais – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Arabais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_%C3%A1rabe" title="Lingua árabe – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua árabe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ӏарбий мотт – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ӏарбий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="阿拉伯語 – Cina Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="阿拉伯語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Cina Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="અરબી ભાષા – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અરબી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82-l%C3%A2-pak-ng%C3%AE" title="Â-lâ-pak-ngî – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Â-lâ-pak-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Арабмудин келн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Арабмудин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%96%B4" title="아랍어 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아랍어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larabci" title="Larabci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Larabci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_%CA%BBAlapia" title="ʻŌlelo ʻAlapia – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo ʻAlapia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Արաբերեն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արաբերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Arabšćina – Sorbian Atas" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Arabšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Atas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapski_jezik" title="Arapski jezik – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arapski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiana_linguo" title="Arabiana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arabiana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Arabic" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Arabiko" title="Pagsasao nga Arabiko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Arabiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_arabe" title="Lingua arabe – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua arabe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%95%8B%E1%95%95" title="ᐊᕋᕕ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᕋᕕ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Араббаг æвзаг – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Араббаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C3%ADska" title="Arabíska – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Arabíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua araba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ערבית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%80_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಅರಬ್ಬೀ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರಬ್ಬೀ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Араб тил – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Араб тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="არაბული ენა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არაბული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عَربی زَبان – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عَربی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Араб тілі – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Араб тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabek" title="Arabek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arabek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyarabu" title="Icyarabu – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyarabu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiarabu" title="Kiarabu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiarabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Араб кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Араб кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilabu" title="Kilabu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kilabu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" title="Arab – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Arab" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" title="Arab – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Arab" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_ereb%C3%AE" title="Zimanê erebî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê erebî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_arab" title="Lingaz arab – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz arab" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ar%C3%A1biga" title="Lingua arábiga – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua arábiga" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Аьраб маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аьраб маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A" title="ພາສາອາຣັບ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອາຣັບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Arabica" title="Lingua Arabica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Arabica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_valoda" title="Arābu valoda – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arābu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabesch" title="Arabesch – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Arabesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Араб чӀал – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Араб чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%B3_kalba" title="Arabų kalba – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arabų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_%C3%A0raba" title="Lengua àraba – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua àraba" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Arabisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liarabi" title="Liarabi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Liarabi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi_(lingua)" title="Arabi (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arabi (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruabien_kieli" title="Aruabien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Aruabien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rabybau" title="rabybau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rabybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_araba" title="Lengua araba – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua araba" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_nyelv" title="Arab nyelv – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arab nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арапски јазик – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Арапски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_arabo" title="Fiteny arabo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny arabo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="അറബി ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അറബി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_G%C4%A7arbija" title="Lingwa Għarbija – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Għarbija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_%C4%80rapi" title="Reo Ārapi – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Ārapi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="არაბული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არაბული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89" title="لغه عربى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه عربى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="عربی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عربی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Arab" title="Bahaso Arab – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Arab" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80-l%C3%A1-b%C3%A1ik-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ā-lá-báik-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ā-lá-báik-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арабонь кяль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Арабонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Араб хэл – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Араб хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အာရပ်ဘာသာစကား – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာရပ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arabisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Arabies" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="アラビア語 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラビア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ӏаьрбийн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьрбийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabisk_spriak" title="Araabisk spriak – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Araabisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erabek" title="Erabek – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Erabek" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arabisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arabisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Arabe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabum" title="Arabum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Arabum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arabi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaan_Arabaa" title="Afaan Arabaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afaan Arabaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_tili" title="Arab tili – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arab tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਰਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="عربی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عربی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rabe" title="Árabe – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Árabe" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="عربي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عربي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabik_languij" title="Arabik languij – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Arabik languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Араб кыв – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Араб кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B" title="ភាសាអារ៉ាប់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអារ៉ាប់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BD%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ၽႃႇသႃႇဢႃႇရပ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၽႃႇသႃႇဢႃႇရပ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Arabe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ar%C3%A0bica" title="Lenga aràbica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga aràbica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabsche_Spraak" title="Araabsche Spraak – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Araabsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_arabski" title="Język arabski – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język arabski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe" title="Língua árabe – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua árabe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_tili" title="Arab tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Arab tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arap_tili" title="Arap tili – Turki Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Arap tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Turki Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Sprooch" title="Arabische Sprooch – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Arabische Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba arabă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arawiya_simi" title="Arawiya simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Arawiya simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Арабскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Арабскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Арабский язык – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арабский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Арааб тыла – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арааб тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/u_kamu_nu_Alapo" title="u kamu nu Alapo – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="u kamu nu Alapo" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबीभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अरबीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عربی زبان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="عربی زبان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_%C3%A0raba" title="Limba àraba – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba àraba" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Arabic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searabia" title="Searabia – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Searabia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_arabe" title="Gjuha arabe – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha arabe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_%C3%A0rabba" title="Lingua àrabba – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua àrabba" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="අරාබි භාෂාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අරාබි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arabic language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="عربي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عربي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C4%8Dina" title="Arabčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arabčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Arabščina – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arabščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Аравьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Slavik Gereja" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Аравьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Slavik Gereja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabsk%C5%8F_godka" title="Arabskŏ godka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Arabskŏ godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabi" title="Carabi – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Carabi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="زمانی عەرەبی – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی عەرەبی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арапски језик – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арапски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapski_jezik" title="Arapski jezik – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arapski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_kieli" title="Arabian kieli – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arabian kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arabiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Ta%C9%9B%E1%B9%9Babt" title="Tutlayt Taɛṛabt – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Taɛṛabt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Arabe" title="Wikang Arabe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Arabe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="அரபு மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரபு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_ta%C9%9Brabt" title="Tutlayt taɛrabt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt taɛrabt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гарәп теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гарәп теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="అరబ్బీ భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అరబ్బీ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ภาษาอาหรับ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอาหรับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_%E1%BA%A2_R%E1%BA%ADp" title="Tiếng Ả Rập – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Ả Rập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Забони арабӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони арабӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B8%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%88%E1%8F%AF_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᎸᎠᎳᏈᏯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎸᎠᎳᏈᏯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%C3%A9v%C8%A7hevetan%C3%A9v%C8%AFhk%C4%97ha%27etanetse" title="Heévȧhevetanévȯhkėha&#039;etanetse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Heévȧhevetanévȯhkėha&#039;etanetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಅರಬ್ಬಿ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅರಬ್ಬಿ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arapça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arap_dili" title="Arap dili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Arap dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%CC%B1ra%CC%B1ba_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="La̱ra̱ba (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="La̱ra̱ba (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Араб дыл – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Араб дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Араб кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Араб кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арабська мова – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арабська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عربی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عربی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئەرەب تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەرەب تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahahlahboh" title="Vahahlahboh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vahahlahboh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_araba" title="Łéngua araba – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua araba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araban_kel%27" title="Araban kel&#039; – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Araban kel&#039;" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larab" title="Larab – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Larab" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabia_kiil" title="Araabia kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Araabia kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe_(lingaedje)" title="Arabe (lingaedje) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Arabe (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="阿拉伯語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="阿拉伯語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aroabiesche_toale" title="Aroabiesche toale – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Aroabiesche toale" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inarabo" title="Inarabo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inarabo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alijunaiki_Tutko" title="Alijunaiki Tutko – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Alijunaiki Tutko" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉伯语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9" title="אראביש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אראביש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_L%C3%A1r%C3%BAb%C3%A1w%C3%A1" title="Èdè Lárúbáwá – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Lárúbáwá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%87" title="阿拉伯文 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿拉伯文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erebki" title="Erebki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Erebki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araobisch" title="Araobisch – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Araobisch" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabu_kalba" title="Arabu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arabu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拉伯语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Arab" title="Saro Arab – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Arab" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Arab" title="Jaku Arab – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Arab" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Arab" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fr%C9%99bi_zyvon" title="Ərəbi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ərəbi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%84%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ – Tamazight Maghribi Standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maghribi Standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13955#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Bahasa_Arab" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Bahasa_Arab" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Bahasa_Arab" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;oldid=6379145" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&amp;page=Bahasa_Arab&amp;id=6379145&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_Arab"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_Arab"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Bahasa+Arab"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arabic_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" hreflang="ms"><span>Wikibuku</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1001" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifungsi</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13955" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rencana_pilihan" title="Rencana ini ialah rencana pilihan. Klik di sini untuk maklumat lanjut."><img alt="Rencana pilihan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="box-Terjemah plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-not_English" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Translation_arrow-indic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Translation_arrow-indic.svg/50px-Translation_arrow-indic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Translation_arrow-indic.svg/75px-Translation_arrow-indic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Translation_arrow-indic.svg/100px-Translation_arrow-indic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><span class="plainlinks"><b>Tolong bantu menterjemahkan sebahagian rencana ini.</b> <br /> Rencana ini memerlukan kemaskini dalam Bahasa Melayu piawai <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahasa_dan_Pustaka" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka">Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka</a>. Sila <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit">membantu</a>, bahan-bahan boleh didapati di <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" class="extiw" title="en:Arabic">Arabic</a><b> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span>.</b> <hr /> Jika anda ingin menilai rencana ini, anda mungkin mahu menyemak di <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic&amp;sl=en&amp;tl=ms&amp;hl=ms">terjemahan Google</a>. Walau bagaimanapun, <b>jangan menambah terjemahan automatik kepada rencana</b>, kerana ini biasanya mempunyai kualiti yang sangat teruk.<br /><small><i>Sumber-sumber bantuan:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/">Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu</a>.</small></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Edit-clear.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><span class="plainlinks"><b>Rencana ini memerlukan kemas kini dalam Bahasa Melayu piawai <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahasa_dan_Pustaka" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka">Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka</a>. Silalah <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit">membantu</a>.</b><br /><small> Anda boleh rujuk: <a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Bahasa_Arab" title="Perbincangan:Bahasa Arab">Laman Perbincangannya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dasar_dan_garis_panduan" title="Wikipedia:Dasar dan garis panduan">Dasar dan Garis Panduan Wikipedia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_gaya_penulisan" title="Wikipedia:Manual gaya penulisan">Manual Menyunting</a></small></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">Bahasa Arab <br /> اللغة العربية</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">Jebat</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">العربية Al-Arabiyya</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Arabic_Text.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Arabic_Text.png/200px-Arabic_Text.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Arabic_Text.png/300px-Arabic_Text.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Arabic_Text.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Asli&#160;kepada</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maghribi" title="Maghribi">Maghribi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emiriah_Arab_Bersatu" title="Emiriah Arab Bersatu">Emiriah Arab Bersatu</a>, Wilayah <a href="/wiki/Palestin" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestin">Palestin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tebing_Barat" title="Tebing Barat">Tebing Barat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Genting_Gaza" title="Genting Gaza">Genting Gaza</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Barat" title="Sahara Barat">Sahara Barat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Arab_Sahrawi" title="Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi">RDAS</a>), <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> oleh majoriti, dan di banyak negara lain, seperti <a href="/wiki/Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republik_Jerman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Republik Jerman (laman tidak wujud)">Republik Jerman</a> sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_minoriti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa minoriti (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa minoriti</a>; ia juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_liturgi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa liturgi (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa liturgi</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Kawasan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dunia_Arab" title="Dunia Arab">Dunia Arab</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Penutur bahasa</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Kira-kira 270 juta (206 juta menurut <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>, penutur asli dari semua dialek 1998 ang.); 5 bilion (populasi <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Arab" title="Dunia Arab">Dunia Arab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buku_Fakta_Dunia_CIA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Buku Fakta Dunia CIA (laman tidak wujud)">Buku Fakta Dunia CIA</a> Disember 2018 ang.), asingkan Arab minoriti di negara lain dan penutur bilingual</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Keluarga_bahasa" title="Keluarga bahasa">Keluarga bahasa</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Afroasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa-bahasa Afroasia">Afroasia</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Semitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Semitik">Semitik</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Semitik_Barat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Semitik Barat (laman tidak wujud)">Semitik Barat</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Semitik_Tengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Semitik Tengah">Semitik Tengah</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Bahasa Arab <br /> اللغة العربية</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_penulisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem penulisan">Sistem penulisan</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">Abjad Arab</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">Status rasmi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Bahasa rasmi&#160;di</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maghribi" title="Maghribi">Maghribi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestin" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestin">Palestin</a> (Tebing Barat dan Gaza), <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Barat" title="Sahara Barat">Sahara Barat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Arab_Sahrawi" title="Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi">RDAS</a>), <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>,<a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> (Zanzibar),<a href="/wiki/Emiriah_Arab_Bersatu" title="Emiriah Arab Bersatu">Emiriah Arab Bersatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a>; <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_kebangsaan" title="Bahasa kebangsaan">Bahasa kebangsaan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Hassaniyah" title="Bahasa Arab Hassaniyah">Hassaniyah</a>), <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>. <br /> </p> Organisasi antarabangsa: <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liga_Arab" title="Liga Arab">Liga Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Persidangan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam">Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Afrika" title="Kesatuan Afrika">Kesatuan Afrika</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_pengawal_bahasa" title="Senarai pengawal bahasa">Dikawal selia&#160;oleh</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Bahasa_Arab_di_Kaherah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Bahasa Arab di Kaherah (laman tidak wujud)">Akademi Bahasa Arab di Kaherah</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Arab_dari_Damsyik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Arab dari Damsyik (laman tidak wujud)">Akademi Arab dari Damsyik</a> (tertua)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Sains_Iraq&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Sains Iraq (laman tidak wujud)">Akademi Sains Iraq</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Bahasa_Arab_di_Khartum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Bahasa Arab di Khartum (laman tidak wujud)">Akademi Bahasa Arab di Khartum</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Maghribi" title="Maghribi">Maghribi</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Bahasa_Arab_di_Rabat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Bahasa Arab di Rabat (laman tidak wujud)">Akademi Bahasa Arab di Rabat</a> (paling aktif)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Bahasa_Arab_di_Amman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Bahasa Arab di Amman (laman tidak wujud)">Akademi Bahasa Arab di Amman</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yayasan_Beit_Al-Hikma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yayasan Beit Al-Hikma (laman tidak wujud)">Yayasan Beit Al-Hikma</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: Akademi Bahasa Arab (yang pertama dalam negara bukan-Arab)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3379498,00.html">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">Kod bahasa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=">ar</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=22">ara</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ara" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ara">ara</a></code> – kod inklusif<br />Kod individu:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ara" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ara">ara</a></code>&#160;–&#160;Arab (generik)<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/arq" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:arq">arq</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Algeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Algeria (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Algeria</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/aao" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:aao">aao</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Sahara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Sahara (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Sahara</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bdz" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bdz">bdz</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Afrika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Afrika (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Afrika</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/abv" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:abv">abv</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Baharna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Baharna (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Baharna</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ach" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ach">ach</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Chad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Chad (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Chad</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/acy" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:acy">acy</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Cyprus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Cyprus (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Cyprus</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/adf" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:adf">adf</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Dhofari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Dhofari (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Dhofari</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ash" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ash">ash</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Hassaniyah" title="Bahasa Arab Hassaniyah">Bahasa Arab Hassaniyah</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/arz" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:arz">arz</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Mesir" title="Bahasa Arab Mesir">Bahasa Arab Mesir</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/afb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:afb">afb</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Arabia_Timur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Arabia Timur (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Arabia Timur</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ayh" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ayh">ayh</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Hadramaut&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Hadramaut (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Hadramaut</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/acw" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:acw">acw</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Hijaz" title="Bahasa Arab Hijaz">Bahasa Arab Hijaz</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ayl" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ayl">ayl</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Libya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Libya (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Libya</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/acm" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:acm">acm</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Iraq">Bahasa Arab Iraq</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ary" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ary">ary</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Maghribi" title="Bahasa Arab Maghribi">Bahasa Arab Maghribi</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ars" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ars">ars</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Najdi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Najdi (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Najdi</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/apc" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:apc">apc</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Levant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Levant (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Levant</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ayp" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ayp">ayp</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Khuzestan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Khuzestan (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Khuzestan</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/acx" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:acx">acx</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Oman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Oman (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Oman</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/aec" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:aec">aec</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Lubnan" title="Bahasa Arab Lubnan">Bahasa Arab Lubnan</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/aln" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:aln">aln</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Sanaani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Sanaani (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Sanaani</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/anb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:anb">anb</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Nubi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Nubi (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Nubi</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/asi" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:asi">asi</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Shhihi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Shhihi (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Shhihi</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/akh" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:akh">akh</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Khaliji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Khaliji (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Khaliji</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/asd" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:asd">asd</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Sudan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Sudan (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Sudan</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/adm" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:adm">adm</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Damascus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Damascus (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Damascus</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/adj" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:adj">adj</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Djibouti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Djibouti (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Djibouti</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/abh" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:abh">abh</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Tajiki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Tajiki (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Arab Tajiki</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/aeb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:aeb">aeb</a></code>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Tunisia" title="Bahasa Arab Tunisia">Bahasa Arab Tunisia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span id="Sampel"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: &#91;&#91;:Templat:Infobox Bahasa/family-color&#93;&#93;;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="float:left;margin-left:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/Sampel" title="Templat:Kotak info bahasa/Sampel"><img alt="Informasi penggunaan templat turunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div>Sampel</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"> <div style="border-radius:0.7em; margin-right:1em;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: &#91;&#91;:Templat:Infobox Bahasa/family-color&#93;&#93;;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><center><b>Sampel teks</b></center></div>Logo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> dalam bahasa Arab <br /> اللغة العربية yang berisi transkripsi "Wikipedia" (atas) ke dalam ortografi masing-masing dan slogan "Ensiklopedia Bebas" (bawah) yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa tersebut.<div style="font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif; margin-left:0.8em;margin-top:0.4em;margin-right:0.8em"><div class="bg-wp"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wikipedia-logo-v2-ar.svg/170px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-ar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wikipedia-logo-v2-ar.svg/255px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-ar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wikipedia-logo-v2-ar.svg/340px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-ar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><span style="font-size:80%"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/PWB_-_bantuan_render_-_ar.png" class="internal" title="PWB - bantuan render - ar.png">Teks tidak ditampilkan dengan benar?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"><center><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_sampel_teks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan sampel teks (laman tidak wujud)">Sampel teks lainnya</a></span></center></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"><div style="border-radius:0.7em; margin-right:1em;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: &#91;&#91;:Templat:Infobox Bahasa/family-color&#93;&#93;;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><center><b>Sampel suara</b></center></div><br />Sampel suara bahasa ini, diambil dari <a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="295" data-mwtitle="Airplane_article_in_Arabic_Wikipedia.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Airplane_article_in_Arabic_Wikipedia.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Airplane_article_in_Arabic_Wikipedia.ogg/Airplane_article_in_Arabic_Wikipedia.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>noicon</figcaption></figure> <div style="font-size:90%"><center>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Memainkan_berkas_media&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Memainkan berkas media (laman tidak wujud)">Bantuan</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Fail:Airplane_article_in_Arabic_Wikipedia.ogg" title="Fail:Airplane article in Arabic Wikipedia.ogg">Fail</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_sampel_suara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan sampel suara (laman tidak wujud)">Lainnya</a>)</center></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Arabic_speaking_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Arabic_speaking_world.svg/300px-Arabic_speaking_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Arabic_speaking_world.svg/450px-Arabic_speaking_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Arabic_speaking_world.svg/600px-Arabic_speaking_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Negara di mana Bahasa Arab ialah bahasa rasmi (hijau) dan naib rasmi (biru)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bahasa Arab</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Jawi" title="Tulisan Jawi">Tulisan Jawi</a>: بهاس عرب; <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="font-size:1em" class="spanAr"><b>العربية </b></span>&#8206; &#x200b; <a href="/wiki/Transliterasi_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliterasi Arab">ditransliterasikan</a> sebagai <span style="font-size:1em"><i>al-‘Arabīyyah</i></span>), atau secara mudahnya <b>Arab</b> (<a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="font-size:1em" class="spanAr"><b>عربي </b></span>&#8206; &#x200b; <a href="/wiki/Transliterasi_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliterasi Arab">ditransliterasikan</a> sebagai <span style="font-size:1em"><i>‘Arabī</i></span>), merupakan sebuah bahasa terbesar dari segi jumlah penutur dalam keluarga <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Semitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Semitik">bahasa Semitik</a>. Bahasa ini muncul dari daerah yang sekarang termasuk wilayah negara <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>. Bahasa ini berkait rapat dengan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aramia" title="Bahasa Aramia">bahasa Aramia</a>. Bahasa Arab telah dikelaskan sebagai satu makrobahasa dengan 27 dialek dalam <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a>. Sub-bahasa itu dituturkan di seluruh <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Arab" title="Dunia Arab">Dunia Arab</a>, manakala bahasa rasmi atau Al-Fusha (العربية الفصحى) diketahui di seluruh <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Islam" title="Dunia Islam">Dunia Islam</a>. </p><p>Bahasa Arab Moden atau Bahasa Arab Klasik merupakan satu bahasa yang sama, Al-Fusha yang menjadi bahasa kesusasteraan dan bahasa liturgi <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> sejak sekitar <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-6" title="Abad ke-6">abad ke-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">Skrip Arab</a> ditulis dari kanan ke kiri. </p><p>Bahasa Arab telah memberi banyak kosa kata kepada bahasa lain dari dunia Islam, sama seperti peranan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Latin</a> kepada kebanyakan bahasa Eropah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neilaci.com.tr/">ilaç</a> Semasa <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Pertengahan" title="Zaman Pertengahan">Zaman Pertengahan</a> bahasa Arab juga merupakan alat utama budaya, terutamanya dalam sains, matematik, dan falsafah, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neilaci.com.tr/">ne ilacı</a> yang menyebabkan banyak bahasa Eropah seperti <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sepanyol" title="Bahasa Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Itali" title="Bahasa Itali">Itali</a> turut meminjam banyak kata daripadanya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kesusasteraan_dan_Piawai_Moden_Ara">Kesusasteraan dan Piawai Moden Ara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Kesusasteraan dan Piawai Moden Ara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kesusasteraan dan Piawai Moden Ara"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah "Arab" mungkin merujuk sama ada kepada <a href="/wiki/Kesusasteraan_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesusasteraan Arab">Kesusasteraan Arab</a> (<a href="/wiki/ALA-LC" class="mw-redirect" title="ALA-LC">ALA-LC</a>: <i>fuṣḥā</i>) atau kepada beraneka <a href="/wiki/Keragaman_bahasa_Arab" title="Keragaman bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab beraneka</a> yang biasanya dipanggil "Bahasa Arab Basahan". Orang Arab memikirkan kesusasteraan Arab sebagai bahasa piawai dan cenderung untuk memandang segala yang lain sebagai hanya dialek. <a href="/wiki/Kesusasteraan_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesusasteraan Arab">Kesusasteraan Arab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="font-size:1em" class="spanAr"><b>اللغة العربية الفصحى</b></span>&#8206; &#x200b; transliterasi <a href="/wiki/ALA-LC" class="mw-redirect" title="ALA-LC">ALA-LC</a>: al-lughatu’l-‘arabīyyatu’l-fu<span title="DIN 31635 Arabic transliteration" class="Arabic Unicode" style="white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none">ṣḥ</span>ā "Bahasa Arab yang paling fasih"; kata bahasa Melayu "fasih" berasal daripada akar kata Arab "fusha" فصحى), merujuk kepada kedua-dua jenis bahasa: media massa, kini seluruh <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Utara" title="Afrika Utara">Afrika Utara</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a> dan bahasa <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qur&#39;an">Al-Qur'an</a>. (Ungkapan <i>media</i> di sini termasuk kebanyakan televisyen dan radio, dan dari segi praktiknya, semua bahan tertulis, dan bahan pengantar utama untuk kanak-kanak kecil.) <a href="/wiki/Keragaman_bahasa_Arab" title="Keragaman bahasa Arab">Bahasa Arab "Basahan" atau "dialek"</a> merujuk kepada bahasa tempatan yang muncul daripada <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Klasik" title="Bahasa Arab Klasik">bahasa Klasik</a> yang dituturkan secara harian di pelosok <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Utara" title="Afrika Utara">Afrika Utara</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a>. Kadangkala "bahasa-bahasa" ini amat berbeza sehingga saling tidak dapat difahami oleh penutur masing-masing. Secara amnya bahasa dialek ini ditulis, walaupun terdapat bahan kesusasteraan (terutamanya lakonan dan sajak) yang wujud dalam bahasa-bahasa dialek. Bahasa dialek selalunya digunakan untuk membezakan darjah dalam media bertutur tidak rasmi, seperti <a href="/wiki/Drama_lipur_lara" title="Drama lipur lara">drama lipur lara</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rancangan_bicara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rancangan bicara (laman tidak wujud)">rancangan bicara</a>. Bahasa Arab Sastera ataupun Bahasa Arab Klasik merupakan bahasa rasmi di semua negara Arab dan merupakan bahasa Arab yang diajar di sekolah pada semua peringkat. </p><p>Situasi sosiolinguistik Arab dalam masa moden memberikan contoh utama fenomena linguistik yang dikenali sabagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diglosia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diglosia (laman tidak wujud)">diglosia</a> &#8211; situasi yang menunjukkan penggunaan dua ragam bahasa yang terasing daripada bahasa yang sama, biasanya dalam situasi sosial yang berlainan. Dalam kes bahasa Arab, orang Arab yang berpendidikan dari mana-mana negara Arab boleh dianggap berkebolehan bertutur dengan kedua-dua dialek tempatan mereka dan bahasa kesusasteraan Arab mereka. Situasi fasiliti disglosik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tukaran_kod&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tukaran kod (laman tidak wujud)">tukaran kod</a> ini bilamana seorang penutur menukar ulang-alik tidak sedar antara dua aneka bahasa, kadangkala juga dalam ayat yang sama. Contohnya, perbualan Arab oleh warganegara berlainan yang memulakan perbualan lantas mendapati bahawa dialek mereka secara besarnya tidak dapat difahami (contoh, orang Maghribi berbual dengan orang Lubnan), kedua-dua sepatutnya mampu untuk menukar kod ke dalam Kesusasteraan Arab demi komunikasi. </p><p>Kesusasteraan Arab terus berkembang dan terdapat sedikit perbezaan Arab Klasik (terutamanya dari pra-Islam hingga tempoh Abbasid, termasuk Arab Al-Qur'an) dan Bahasa Arab Moden Piawai. Perbezaan yang sedikit itu tampak dalam perbendaharaan kata baharu di masa moden; istilah daripada bahasa lain (cth فيلم <i>filem</i>) atau diistilahkan daripada sumber leksikal yang wujud (cth هاتف <i>haitf</i> "telefon" &lt; "pemanggil"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengaruh_Arab_pada_bahasa_lain">Pengaruh Arab pada bahasa lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengaruh Arab pada bahasa lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengaruh Arab pada bahasa lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pengaruh Arab telah menjadi paling mendalam pada negara yang dikuasai oleh Islam atau kuasa Islam. Bahasa Arab ialah sumber perbendaharaan kata major bagi pelbagai bahasa seperti bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Berber">Berber</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kurdish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kurdish (laman tidak wujud)">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Parsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Swahili" title="Bahasa Swahili">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Urdu" title="Bahasa Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki">Turki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">Melayu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, baik juga seperti bahasa lain di negara, di mana bahasa ini dituturkan. Contohnya pada perkataan Arab bagi <i>buku</i> /kita:b/ diguna dalam semua bahasa yang tersenarai, selain daripada bahasa Melayu (dimana ia spesifiknya bermaksud "buku agama"). Peminjaman ini turut menjangkau sejauh <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Barat" title="Dunia Barat">Dunia Barat</a> melalui pertukaran ilmu mengenai konsep dan idea baharu selalunya melalui bahasa <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a> lain terutamanya <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sepanyol" title="Bahasa Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Itali" title="Bahasa Itali">Itali</a> misalnya "<a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a>" dan "<a href="/wiki/Zenit" title="Zenit">zenit</a>" </p><p>Istilah jarak pinjaman dari terminologi agama (seperti Berber <i>taẓallt</i> "sembahyang" &lt;<a href="/wiki/Solat" title="Solat">solat</a>), istilah akademik (seperti <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Uighur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Uighur">Uighur</a> <i>mentiq</i> "logik"), barang ekonomik kata hubung (seperti Urdu <i>lekin</i> "but".) Kebanyakan aneka Berber (seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kabyle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kabyle (laman tidak wujud)">Kabyle</a>), bersama dengan Swahili, meminjam setengah angka dari Arab. Kebanyakan istilah agama yang digunakan oleh Muslim seluruh dunia adalah pinjaman terus dari Arab, seperti <i>solat</i> 'sembahyang' dan <i>imam</i> 'ketua sembahyang'. Dalam bahasa yang tidak terus dalam perhubungan dengan Dunia Arab, kata pinjaman Arab selalu diperantarakan oleh bahasa lain berbanding dari menjadi dipindahkan terus dari Arab; contohnya, kebanyakan kata pinjaman Arab dalam Urdu dimasukkan melalui Parsi, dan banyak kata pinjama Arab yang lebih tua dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hausa" title="Bahasa Hausa">Hausa</a> telah dipinjam dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kanuri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kanuri (laman tidak wujud)">Kanuri</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peranan_dalam_agama_Islam">Peranan dalam agama Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Peranan dalam agama Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Peranan dalam agama Islam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qur&#39;an">Al-Qur'an</a> diluahkan dalam Arab dan tradisinya <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> percaya ia mustahil untuk terjemahkan dalam cara yakni boleh cukup memantulkan makna tepatnya—sesungguhnya, hingga kini, sesentengah sekolah diingati mengekalkan yakni ia patut tidak diterjemahkan langsung. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_istilah_Islam_dalam_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai istilah Islam dalam Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai istilah Islam dalam Arab</a> meliputi yakni istilah dimana adalah digunakan oleh semua <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, apa jua ibu lidah mereka. Ketika Arab kuatnya berhubungkait dengan <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (dan adalah bahasa <a href="/wiki/Solat" title="Solat">solat</a>, sembahyang), ia juga dituturkan oleh Arab Kristian, Oriental Yahudi Mizrahi, dan mazhab lebih kecil seperti Iraq <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandaean (laman tidak wujud)">Mandaean</a>. </p><p>Majoriti <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> di dunia tidak bertutur Arab, tetapi hanya tahu sesetengah frasa tetap bahasa, seperti yang digunakan dalam solat, tanpa perlunya mengetahui makna mereka. Bagaimanapun, belajar Arab adalah bahagian asas kokurikulum untuk sesiapa jua yang mencuba untuk menjadi sarjana agama Islam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa-proto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa-proto (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa-proto</a> Arab terawal, atau teks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Utara_Purba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Utara Purba (laman tidak wujud)">Arab Utara Purba</a>, adalah inskripsi <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasa" title="Al-Hasa">Hasaean</a> dari timur Arab Saudi, dari abad ke-8 SM, ditulis tidak dalam abjad Arab moden, mahupun dalam moyang <a href="/wiki/Nabatea" title="Nabatea">Nabateanya</a>, tetapi dalam aneka dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epigrafik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Epigrafik (laman tidak wujud)">epigrafik</a> Arab Selatan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abjad_Arab_Selatan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abjad Arab Selatan (laman tidak wujud)">musnad</a></i>. Kemudian,petkara ini diikuti pada teks abad ke-6 SM <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lihyani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lihyani (laman tidak wujud)">Lihyani</a> dari tenggara Arab Saudi dan teks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamudik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamudik (laman tidak wujud)">Thamudik</a> ditemui pada seluruh Arabia dan <a href="/wiki/Sinai" class="mw-disambig" title="Sinai">Sinai</a>, serta tidak pada hakikatnya berhubung dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamud (laman tidak wujud)">Thamud</a>. Kemudian datangnya inskripsi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safaitik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Safaitik (laman tidak wujud)">Safaitik</a> bermula pada abad ke-1 SM, dan banyak nama peribadi Arab diperakui dalam inskripsi <a href="/wiki/Nabatea" title="Nabatea">Nabatea</a> (dimana adalah, bagaimanapun, ditulis dalam Aramia). Pada sekitar abad ke-2 SM, satu sedikit inskripsi dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qaryat_al-Faw&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Qaryat al-Faw (laman tidak wujud)">Qaryat al-Faw</a> (dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulayyil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulayyil (laman tidak wujud)">Sulayyil</a>) mendedahkan satu dialek dimana dialek tersebut tidak lagi dianggap "Proto-Arab, tetapi Arab Pra-Klasikal. </p><p>Menjelang abad keempat M, kerajaan Arab dari <a href="/wiki/Lakhmid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhmid">Lakhmid</a> di selatan <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghassanid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghassanid (laman tidak wujud)">Ghassanid</a> di selatan <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> kerajaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kindite&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kindite (laman tidak wujud)">Kindite</a> muncul di Arabia Tengah. Padang mereka bertanggungjawab untuk sesetengah contoh penting dari sastera Arab Pra-Islam, dan sesetengah daripada sedikit yang masih hidup <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inskripsi_Arab_Pra-Islam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inskripsi Arab Pra-Islam (laman tidak wujud)">inskripsi Arab Pra-Islam</a> dalam abjad Arab. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialek_dan_keturunan">Dialek dan keturunan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Dialek dan keturunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Dialek dan keturunan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Keragaman_bahasa_Arab" title="Keragaman bahasa Arab">keragaman bahasa Arab</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Arabic_Varieties_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Arabic_Varieties_Map.svg/300px-Arabic_Varieties_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Arabic_Varieties_Map.svg/450px-Arabic_Varieties_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Arabic_Varieties_Map.svg/600px-Arabic_Varieties_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2051" data-file-height="1151" /></a><figcaption>Peta <a href="/wiki/Keragaman_bahasa_Arab" title="Keragaman bahasa Arab">lahjah-lahjah</a> Arab Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara</figcaption></figure> <p>Bahasa Arab mempunyai pelbagai jenis ragam basahan atau "lahjah" yang diguna pakai seberapa kawasan dalam seluruh pelosok <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Arab" title="Dunia Arab">dunia Arab</a>. Bahasa basahan ini amat berbeza daripada <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_sastera" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa sastera">bahasa sastera</a>. Pembahagian utama adalah antara aneka di dalam dan di luar <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Arab" title="Semenanjung Arab">semenanjung Arab</a>, diikuti oleh perbezaan antara jenis di <a href="/wiki/Keragaman_bahasa_Arab#Bandar_lawan_Badwi" title="Keragaman bahasa Arab">bandar</a> dan jenis-jenis <a href="/wiki/Badwi" title="Badwi">Badwi</a> yang lebih konservatif. Semua jenis lahjah yang ditutur di luar semenanjung Arab (yang merangkumi bilangan penutur terbesar) berkongsi ciri-ciri yang tidak terdapat dalam bahasa Arab Klasik. keadaan ini membawa kepada para penyelidik untuk mengutarakan hujah bahawa terdapat dialek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koine (laman tidak wujud)">koine</a> yang berprestij pada zaman satu atau dua abd selepas penaklukan Arab, dan ciri-ciri ini menular kepada wilayah-wilayah yang baharu ditakluk. (Ciri-ciri ini hadir sedikit sebanyak di dalam semenanjung Arab. secara amnya, jenis-jenis semenanjung Arab ini mempunyai kepelbagaian yang lebih daripada jenis-jenis di luar semenanjung Arab, akan tetapi kurang dikaji.) </p><p>Dalam kalangan jenis di luar semenanjung Arab, perbezaan terbesar adalah antara <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Maghribi" title="Bahasa Arab Maghribi">lahjah Afrika Utara</a> dan lahjah-lahjah yang lain. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Maghribi" title="Bahasa Arab Maghribi">Lahjah Maghribi</a> khususnya tidak dapat difahami oleh penutur bahasa Arab yang tinggal di sebelah timur <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> (mahupun keadaan sebaliknya tidak berlaku kerana filem dan media lain dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Mesir" title="Bahasa Arab Mesir">lahjah Mesir</a> amat popular). </p><p>Satu faktor dalam perbezaan antara dialek ialah pengaruh bahasa-bahasa yang terdahulu di wilayah-wilayah tersebut. Secara tipikal, bahasa-bahasa ini menyediakan banyak kata-kata baharu dan kadang kalanya juga mempengaruhi sebutan atau urutan kata. Namun demikian, faktor yang lebih penting buat kebanyakan dialek ialah, sama seperti yang terdapat dengan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Romawi" title="Bahasa-bahasa Romawi">bahasa-bahasa Romawi</a>, pengekalan (atau perubahan maksud) bentuk-bentuk klasik itu. Justeru, <i>aku</i> dalam lahjah Iraq, <i>fīh</i> buat lahjah Syam dan <i>kayən</i> untuk Afrika Utara semua membawa makna "terdapat" atau "ada", dan kesemuanya berasal daripada bentuk-bentuk bahasa Arab Klasik (masing-masing <i>yakūn</i>, <i>fīhi</i>, <i>kā'in</i>), akan tetapi berbunyi amat berlainan daripada yang asal. </p><p>Kumpulan utama adalah: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Mesir" title="Bahasa Arab Mesir">bahasa Arab Mesir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Maghreb" title="Bahasa Arab Maghreb">bahasa Arab Maghreb</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Algeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Algeria (laman tidak wujud)">Arab Algeria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Magribi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Magribi (laman tidak wujud)">Arab Magribi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Tunisia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Tunisia (laman tidak wujud)">Arab Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Malta" title="Bahasa Malta">Malta</a> dan Libya barat)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Syam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Syam (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab Syam</a> (Syria Barat, Lubnan, Palestin, dan Jordan barat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Cypriot_Maronite&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Cypriot Maronite (laman tidak wujud)">Arab Cypriot Maronite</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Iraq">bahasa Arab Iraq</a> (dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Khuzestan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Khuzestan (laman tidak wujud)">Arab Khuzestan</a>) - dengan perbezaan nyata diantara yang lebih seperti-Arab dialek-<i>gilit</i> dari selatan dan lebih konservatif dialek-<i>qeltu</i> dari bandar utara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Teluk" title="Bahasa Arab Teluk">bahasa Arab Teluk</a> (Arab Saudi, Iraq Barat, Syria Timur , Jordan dan bahagian Oman)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Timur_Jazirah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Timur Jazirah (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab Timur Jazirah</a> (Bahrain, Wilayah Timur Saudi, Kuwait, EAB, Qatar, dan Oman)</li></ul> <p>Aneka lain termasuk: </p> <ul><li><span class="Unicode"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Hassaniyah" title="Bahasa Arab Hassaniyah">Ḥassānīya</a></span> (di Mauritania dan Sahara barat)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Andalusia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Andalusia (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab Andalusia</a> (kawasan lembah Andalusia di Sepanyol, terpupus)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Sudan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Sudan (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab Sudan</a> (dengan dialek berterusan ke dalam Chad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Hijaz" title="Bahasa Arab Hijaz">bahasa Arab Hijaz</a> (pesisiran barat Arab Saudi, Utara Arab Saudi, Jordan timur, Iraq Barat)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Najdi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Najdi (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab Najdi</a> (kawasan Najd dari Arab Saudi tengah)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Yaman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Yaman (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab Yaman</a> (Yaman ke selatan Arab Saudi)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Masihi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Masihi (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab Masihi</a> (kawasan penutur beragama Kristian)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Uthmaniyah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Uthmaniyah (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab Uthmaniyah</a> (kawasan yang meliputi Barlik, lembah di Rusia dan Turki)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Nad%27i&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Nad&#39;i (laman tidak wujud)">Arab Nad'i</a> (kawasan Nadh' (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan kecuali lembah salji utara Pakistan)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Malta" title="Bahasa Malta">Bahasa Malta</a>, di mana dituturkan pada pulau Mediterranean <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, adalah hanya satu yang didirikan sendirinya sebagai bahasa asing lengkap, dengan norma kesusasteraan bebas. Ia jatuh di dalam kumpulan Arab Magreb, walaupun banyak bunyi berubah telah dijadikan fonologikalnya amat berlainan dari saudara terdekatnya, Arab Tunisia. Ia juga mengandungi sebilangan besar pinjaman <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Itali" title="Bahasa Itali">bahasa Itali</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bunyi">Bunyi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Bunyi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bunyi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small noprint selfref" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1px"></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Laman ini mengandungi <b><a href="/wiki/Transkripsi_fonetik" title="Transkripsi fonetik">transkripsi fonetik</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa">Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa</a> (AFA)</b>.&#32;Untuk panduan pengenalan simbol-simbol AFA, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:AFA" title="Bantuan:AFA">Bantuan:AFA</a>.&#32;Untuk membezakan simbol <span class="IPA">[&#160;]</span>, <span class="IPA">/&#160;/</span> dan &#x27e8;<span title="Gambaran dalam Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa (AFA)" class="IPA">&#160;</span>&#x27e9;, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa#Tanda-tanda_kurung_dan_pembatas-pembatas_transkripsi" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa">IPA §&#160;Tanda-tanda kurung dan pembatas-pembatas transkripsi</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="180" style="width:180px;" data-durationhint="44" data-mwtitle="Poem_by_Abu_&#39;ala_al-Ma&#39;arri_(&quot;I_no_longer_steal_from_nature&quot;)_read_in_Arabic.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fail:Poem_by_Abu_%27ala_al-Ma%27arri_(%22I_no_longer_steal_from_nature%22)_read_in_Arabic.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Poem_by_Abu_%27ala_al-Ma%27arri_%28%22I_no_longer_steal_from_nature%22%29_read_in_Arabic.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Poem_by_Abu_%27ala_al-Ma%27arri_%28%22I_no_longer_steal_from_nature%22%29_read_in_Arabic.ogg/Poem_by_Abu_%27ala_al-Ma%27arri_%28%22I_no_longer_steal_from_nature%22%29_read_in_Arabic.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Bahasa Arab</figcaption></figure> <p>Fonim di bawah mencerminkan sebutan Piawai Arab. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokal">Vokal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Vokal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Vokal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arab mempunyai tiga vokal, dengan bentuk panjang mereka, tambah dua diphthong: <i>a</i> <span class="IPA">[ɛ̈]</span> (buka <i>e</i> seperti dalam Inggeris <i>katil</i>, tetapi ditengahkan), <i>i</i> <span class="IPA">[ɪ]</span>, <i>u</i> <span class="IPA">[ʊ]</span>; <i>ā</i> <span class="IPA">[æː]</span>, <i>ī</i> <span class="IPA">[iː]</span>, <i>ū</i> <span class="IPA">[uː]</span>; <i>ai</i> (<i>ay</i>) <span class="IPA">[ɛ̈ɪ]</span>, <i>au</i> (<i>aw</i>) <span class="IPA">[ɛ̈ʊ]</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allofon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Allofon (laman tidak wujud)">Allofonikalnya</a>, selepas konsonan divelarkan (lihat berikut), vokal <i>a</i> disebut <span class="IPA">[ɑ]</span>, <i>ā</i> seperti <span class="IPA">[ɑː]</span> (demikian juga selepas <i>r</i>), <i>ai</i> seperti <span class="IPA">[ɑɪ]</span> dan <i>au</i> seperti <span class="IPA">[ɑʊ]</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonan">Konsonan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Konsonan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Konsonan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="center" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="width:700px; margin:0px 0px 5px 10px; background:white; font-size:90%;"> </table><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><b>Fonim konsonan Arab Piawai</b></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl><table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> </table><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><b>Fonim konsonan Arab Piawai</b></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl><table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">&#160; </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilabial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilabial (laman tidak wujud)">Bilabial</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interdental&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Interdental (laman tidak wujud)">Inter-dental</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dental_consonant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dental consonant (laman tidak wujud)">Dental (terma. alveolar)</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_lepas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar lepas (laman tidak wujud)">Alveolar lepas</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal (laman tidak wujud)">Palatal</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar (laman tidak wujud)">Velar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvular&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvular (laman tidak wujud)">Uvular</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharyngeal_consonantKonsonan_faringil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharyngeal consonantKonsonan faringil (laman tidak wujud)">Faringil</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_glotal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan glotal (laman tidak wujud)">Glotal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: centre; font-size: 80%;">&#160;biasa&#160; </th> <th style="text-align: centre; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faringilsasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Faringilsasi (laman tidak wujud)">emfatik</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: centre;" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_henti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan henti (laman tidak wujud)">Plosif</a> </th> <th style="text-align: centre; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_tanpa_suara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan tanpa suara (laman tidak wujud)">tanpa suara</a> </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">t̪</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">t̪ˁ</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">k</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">q</span> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">ʔ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: centre; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_disuara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan disuara (laman tidak wujud)">disuara</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA">b</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">d̪</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">d̪ˁ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">ʤ</span>¹</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frikatif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frikatif (laman tidak wujud)">Frikatif</a> </th> <th style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_tanpa_suara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan tanpa suara (laman tidak wujud)">tanpa suara</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA">f</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA">θ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">s</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">sˁ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">ʃ</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">x</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">ħ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">h</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_disuara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan disuara (laman tidak wujud)">disuara</a> </th> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">ð</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">z</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">ðˁ</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">ɣ</span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td><span class="IPA">ʕ</span></td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan nasal">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA">m</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">n</span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td> <td rowspan="2">&#160; </td> <td rowspan="2">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_lateral&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan lateral (laman tidak wujud)">Lateral</a> </th> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td> <td><span class="IPA">l</span> ²</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_trill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan trill (laman tidak wujud)">Trill</a> </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">r</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aproksimen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aproksimen (laman tidak wujud)">Aproksimen</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA">w</span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span class="IPA">j</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lihat <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">abjad Arab</a> untuk penerangan pada simbol fonetik <a href="/wiki/Huruf_Fonetik_Antarabangsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf Fonetik Antarabangsa">IPA</a> yang dijumpai di carta ini. </p> <ol><li><span class="IPA">[ʤ]</span> disebut sebagai <span class="IPA">[ɡ]</span> oleh sesetengah penutur. Ini terutamanya watak pada dialek Mesir dan selatan Yaman.</li></ol> <p>Di banyak bahagian Afrika Utara dan di <a href="/wiki/Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Levant">Levant</a>, ia disebut sebagai <span class="IPA">[ʒ]</span>. </p> <ol><li><span class="IPA">/l/</span> disebut <span class="IPA">[lˁ]</span> hanya dalam <span class="IPA">/ʔalːɑːh/</span>, nama Tuhan, s.c. <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>, apabila perkataan mengikut <i>a</i>, <i>ā</i>, <i>u</i> atau <i>ū</i> (selepas <i>i</i> atau <i>ī</i> ia dinyahvelarkan: <i>bismi l-lāh</i> <span class="IPA">/bɪsmɪlːæːh/</span>).</li> <li><span class="IPA">/ʕ/</span> biasanya fonetik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aproksimen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aproksimen (laman tidak wujud)">aproksimen</a>.</li> <li>Dalam banyak aneka, <span class="IPA">/ħ, ʕ/</span> adalah sebenarnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiglotal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiglotal (laman tidak wujud)">epiglotal</a> <span class="IPA">[ʜ, ʢ]</span> (meskipun apa dilaporkan dalam banyak kerja lebih awal).</li></ol> <p>Konsonan tradisinya diistilahkan "emfatik" <span class="IPA">/tˁ, dˁ, sˁ, ðˁ/</span> adalah samada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velarization&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarization (laman tidak wujud)">velarised</a> <span class="IPA">[tˠ, dˠ, sˠ, ðˠ]</span> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faringilsasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Faringilsasi (laman tidak wujud)">difaringilkan</a> <span class="IPA">[tˁ, dˁ, sˁ, ðˁ]</span>. Dalam sesetengah sistem transkripsi, emfasis ditunjukkan dengan mengutamakan huruf c.t.h <span class="IPA">/dˁ/</span> adalah ditulis ‹D›; dalam huruf lain adalah digaris bawah atau mempunyai titik di bawah c.t.h ‹<span class="Unicode">ḍ</span>›. </p><p>Vokal dan konsonan boleh jadi (fonologikalnya) pendek atau panjang. Konsonan panjang (menunas) adalah biasanya ditulis duaan dalam transkripsi Latin (i.e. bb, dd, sbg.), memantulkan kehadiran tanda diakritik Arab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaddah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaddah (laman tidak wujud)">shaddah</a>, dimana konsonan dipanjang bertanda. Konsonan seumpama adalah ditahan dua kali sebagai konsonan pendek. Konsonan memanjangkan ini adalah fonimnya bandingan: c.t.h <i>qabala</i> "dia menerima" dan <i>qabbala</i> "dia cium". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struktur_suku_kata">Struktur suku kata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Struktur suku kata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Struktur suku kata"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arab mempunyai dua jenis suku kata: suku kata terbuka (CV) dan (CVV) - dan suku kata ditutup (CVC), (CVVC) dan CVCC). Setiap suku kata bermula dengan konsonan - jika tidak konsonan dipinjam dari kata yang lalu melalui elisyen - terutamanya dalam kes dari rencana jelas THE, <i>al</i> (digunakan apabila memulakan suatu pengucapan) atau <i>_l</i> (apabila mengikuti kata), c.t.h <i>baytu - l mudiir</i> “rumah (sebuah) pengarah”, dimana menjadi <i>bay-tul-mu-diir</i> apabila dibahagikan menurut suku kata. Dengan sendirinya, "sebuah pengarah" akan disebut <span class="IPA">/al mudiːr/</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stres">Stres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Stres" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Stres"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walaupun kata stres adalah tidak fonimnya bandingan dalam Piawai Arab, ia membuktikan hubungan kuat kepada panjang vokal dan bentuk suku kata, dan kata stres betul membantu kebolehfahaman. Secara umum, suku kata "berat" menarik stres (s.c suku kata dari tempoh lebih lama - suku kata ditutup atau suku kata dengan vokal panjang). Dalam kata dengan suku kata dengan satu vokal panjang, vokal panjang menarik stres (c.t.h <i>ki-'taab</i> dan ‘kaa-tib<i>). Dalam kata dengan dua vokal panjang, vokal panjang kedua menarik stres (c.t.h </i>ma-kaa-'tiib<i>). Dalam kata dengan suku kata "berat" dimana dua konsonan berlaku bersama atau konsonan sama diduakan, suku kata berat {akhir) menarik stres (c.t.h </i>ya-ma’niyy<i>, </i>ka-'tabt<i>, </i>ka-‘tab-na<i>, ma-‘jal-lah,</i> ‘mad-ra-sah<i>, </i>yur-‘sil-na<i>). Peraturan akhir ini menipu dua pertama: </i>ja-zaa-<span class="Unicode">ʔ</span>i-‘riyy<i>. Dalam hal lain, stres kata tipikalnya jatuh pada suku kata pertama: </i> ‘ya-man<i>, </i> ‘ka-ta-bat<i>, sbg. Dialek Kaherah (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Mesir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Mesir (laman tidak wujud)">Arab Mesir</a>), bagaimanapun, mempunyai sesetengah idiosinkrasi dalam yakni suku kata berat mungkin tidak membawa stres lebih dari dua suku kata dari akhir kata, supaya </i>mad-‘ra-sah<i> membawa stres pada suku kata kedua-ke-akhir, seperti buat </i>qaa-‘hi-rah<i>.</i> Nama saya gesty </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variasi_dialektal">Variasi dialektal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Variasi dialektal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Variasi dialektal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam sesetengah dialek, dimana mungkin lebih atau sedikit fonim berbanding yang disenaraikan pada carta di atas. Contohnya, bukan-Arab <span class="IPA">[v]</span> digunakan dalam dialek Maghreb baik juga dalam bahasa bertulis kebanyakannya untuk nama asing. Semitik <span class="IPA">[p]</span> menjadi <span class="IPA">[f]</span> terlampau awal pada dalam Arab sebelum ia telah ditulis turun; sedikit dialek Arab moden, seperti Iraq (dipengaruhi oleh <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Parsi</a> dibezakan antara between <span class="IPA">[p]</span> dan <span class="IPA">[b]</span>. Interdental frikatif (<span class="IPA">[θ]</span> dan <span class="IPA">[ð]</span>) dijadikan sebagai henti <span class="IPA">[t]</span> and <span class="IPA">[d]</span> dalam sesetengah dialek (seperti Levant, Mesir, dan banyak dari Maghreb); sesetengah dari dialek ini menjadikan mereka sebagai <span class="IPA">[s]</span> and <span class="IPA">[z]</span> dalam kata "dibelajar" dari bahasa Piawai. Awal dalam perkembangan Arab, fonim emfatik terpisah <span class="IPA">[dˁ]</span> dan <span class="IPA">[ðˁ]</span> bercantum ke dalam fonim asing, menjadi satu dari yang lain. Ramalnya, dialek tanpa interdental frikatif menggunakan <span class="IPA">[dˁ]</span> secara ekslusifnya, manakala yakni dengan frikatif seumpama menggunakan <span class="IPA">[ðˁ]</span>. Sekali lagi, dalam kata "dibelajar" dari bahasa Piawai, <span class="IPA">[ðˁ]</span> dijadikan sebagai <span class="IPA">[zˁ]</span> (di Timur Tengah) atau <span class="IPA">[dˁ]</span> (di Afrika Utara) dalam dialek tanpa interdental frikatif. Satu lagi kunci membezakan tanda dialek Arab adalah bagaimana mereka menjadikan Piawai <span class="IPA">[q]</span> (tanpa suara hentian uvular): ia mengekalkan sebutan asalnya dalam luasnya kawasan bertaburan seperti Yaman, Maghribi, (dan dikalangan <a href="/wiki/Druze" class="mw-redirect" title="Druze">Druze</a>), manakala ia dijadikan <span class="IPA">[ɡ]</span> dalam Arab Teluk, Arab Iraq, Mesir Atas, dan banyak dari kawasan bandar <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a>, dan bahagian kawasan kurang bandar dari Levant (c.t.h Jordan) dan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hentian_glotal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hentian glotal (laman tidak wujud)">hentian glotal</a> <span class="IPA">[ʔ]</span> dalam banyak dialek prestij, seperti yakni yang dituturkan di Kaherah, Beirut dan Damsyik. Tambahannya, perbezaan konfesional mungkin kadangkala dibezakan: dalam kes <span class="IPA">[q]</span>, sesetengah tradisi perkampungan Kristian di kawasan pedalaman Levant menjadikan bunyi sebagai <span class="IPA">[k]</span>, seperti juga Bahrain Syiah. Demikian, asalan dengan sebutan mereka dari kata seperti <i>qamar</i> "bulan": <span class="IPA">[qamar]</span>, <span class="IPA">[ɡamar]</span>, <span class="IPA">[ʔamar]</span> atau <span class="IPA">[kamar]</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tatabahasa">Tatabahasa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Tatabahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tatabahasa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Tatabahasa_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatabahasa Arab">Tatabahasa Arab</a></div> <p>Kata nama dalam Kesusasteraan Arab mempunyai tiga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kes_kata_nama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kes kata nama (laman tidak wujud)">kes</a> bertatabahasa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kes_nominatif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kes nominatif (laman tidak wujud)">nominatif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kes_akusatif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kes akusatif (laman tidak wujud)">akusatif</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kes_genitif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kes genitif (laman tidak wujud)">genitif</a> (juga digunakan apabila kata nama ini diperintah oleh sebuah praposisi); tiga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nombor_bertatabahasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nombor bertatabahasa (laman tidak wujud)">nombor</a> (singular, dual dan plural); dua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jantina_(tatabahasa)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jantina (tatabahasa) (laman tidak wujud)">jantina</a> (maskulin dan feminin); dan tiga "peringkat" (indefinit, definit, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Status_constructus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Status constructus (laman tidak wujud)">membina</a>). Kes ini dari kata nama singular (selain dari yang berakhir dalam panjang ā) ditandakan oleh vokal pendek di<a href="/wiki/Imbuhan" title="Imbuhan">imbuhankan</a> (/-u/ for nominatif, /-a/ for akusatif, /-i/ untuk genitif). Singular feminin ini selalunya ditandakan oleh /-at/, iaitu dikurangkan ke /-ah/ or /-a/ sebelum pause. Plural ditandakan samada melalui pengakhiran (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plural_bunyi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plural bunyi (laman tidak wujud)">plural bunyi</a>) atau pengubahsuaian dalaman (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plural_pecah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plural pecah (laman tidak wujud)">plural pecah</a>). Kata nama definit termasuk semua kata nama tertib, semua kata nama dalam "peringkat bina" dan semua kata nama yang berakhir dalam panjang ā) tambah yang akhir /-n/ kepada vokal kes-bertanda , memberikan /-un/, /-an/ or /-in/ (iaitu juga dirujuk sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nunasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nunasi (laman tidak wujud)">nunasi</a>). </p><p>Kata kerja dalam Kesusasteraan Arab ditandakan untuk orang (pertama, kedua, atau ketiga), jantina, dan nombor. Mereka adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konjugat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konjugat (laman tidak wujud)">konjugatkan</a> dalam dua paradigma utama (diistilahkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perfektif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perfektif (laman tidak wujud)">perfektif</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperfektif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperfektif (laman tidak wujud)">imperfektif</a>, atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Past&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Past (laman tidak wujud)">past</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukan-past&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukan-past (laman tidak wujud)">bukan-past</a>); dua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suara_tatabahasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Suara tatabahasa (laman tidak wujud)">suara</a> (aktif dan pasir); dan lima <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mood_bertatabahasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mood bertatabahasa (laman tidak wujud)">mood</a> dalam imperfektif <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indikatif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indikatif (laman tidak wujud)">indikatif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperatif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperatif (laman tidak wujud)">imperatif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjunktif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjunktif (laman tidak wujud)">subjunktif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mood_bertatabahasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mood bertatabahasa (laman tidak wujud)">jusif</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mood_bertatabahasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mood bertatabahasa (laman tidak wujud)">bertenaga</a>) Terdapat juga dua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partisipal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partisipal (laman tidak wujud)">partisipal</a> (aktif dan pasir) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata_nama_lisan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata nama lisan (laman tidak wujud)">kata nama lisan</a>, tetapi tiada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infinitif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Infinitif (laman tidak wujud)">infinitif</a>. Seperti ditandakan oleh istilah berbeza untuk dua sistem tensa, terdapat sesetengah ketidaksetujuan atas samada perbezaan antara dua sistem patut akan lebih tepat dicirikan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tensa_bertatabahasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tensa bertatabahasa (laman tidak wujud)">tensa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek (laman tidak wujud)">aspek</a> atau penggabungan dari yang dua. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_perfektif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek perfektif (laman tidak wujud)">Aspek perfektif</a> dibina menggunakan imbuhan disatukan yang menggabungkan orang, nombor dan jantina dalam satu morfim, manakala aspek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperfektif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperfektif (laman tidak wujud)">imperfektif</a> dibina menggunakan penggabungan dari <a href="/wiki/Awalan" title="Awalan">awalan</a> (primernya mongkodkan orang) dan <a href="/wiki/Imbuhan" title="Imbuhan">imbuhan</a> (primernya mengkodkan jantina dan nombor). Mood yang lain dari imperatif primernya ditandakan oleh imbuhan (/u/ untuk indikatif, /a/ untuk subjunktif, tiada pengakhiran untuk jusif, /an/ untuk bertenaga). Yang imperatif mempunyai pengakhiran dari jusif tetapi kekurangan sebarang awalan. Pasif ditandakan melalui perubahan vokal dalaman. Bentuk plural untuk kata kerja hanya digunakan apabila kata nama tidak disebut, dan singular feminin digunakan untuk semua plural bukan-manusia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adjektif" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjektif">Adjektif</a> dalam Kesusasteraan Arab ditandakan untuk kes, nombor, jantina dan peringkat. Bagaimanapun, plural dari semua kata nama bukan-manusia selalunya diikuti oleh adjektif singular feminin, dimana mengambil imbuhan /-ah/. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kata_ganti_nama" title="Kata ganti nama">Kata ganti nama</a> dalam Kesusasteraan Arab ditandakan untuk orang, nombor dan jantina. Terdapat dua aneka, kata ganti nama bebas dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enklitik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enklitik (laman tidak wujud)">enklitik</a>. Kata ganti nama enklitik disangkut ke akhir kata kerja, kata nama atau praposisi dan menandakan objek atau pemilikan lisan dan praposisi dari kata nama. Kata ganti nama singular orang-pertama mempunyai berbagai bentuk enklitik yang digunakan untuk kata kerja (/-ni/) dan untuk kata nama atau praposisi (/-ī/ selepas konsonan, /-ya/ selepas vokal). </p><p>Kata nama, kata kerja, kata ganti nama dan adjektif bersetuju dengan satu sama lain dalam semua aspek. Bagaimanapun, kata nama plural bukan-manusia secara tatabahasanya dianggap sebagai singular fiminin. Tambahan pula, satu kata kerja dalam ayat kata kerja-mulaan ditandakan sebagai singular tanpa menghiraukan nombor semantiknya apabila subjek ini dari kata kerja ini secara jelas disebut sebagai kata nama. Angka antara tiga dan sepuluh menunjukkan persetujuan "chiasmik", pada angka maskulin bertatabahasa itu mempunyai penanda feminin dan sebaliknya. </p><p>Dialek bertuturan telah hilang perbezaan kes dan membuatkan hanya kegunaan terhad dari dual (ia berlaku hanya pada kata nama dan kegunaannya tidak lagi diperlukan dalam semua keadaan). Mereka telah hilang perbezaan mood selain dari imperatif, tetapi ramai juga sejak bertambah mood baru melalui penggunaan awalan (paling kerap /bi-/ untuk indikatif lwn. subjunktif tak ditanda). Mereka juga kebanyakannya hilang "nunasi" indefinit dan pasif dalaman. Bahasa Arab Piawai Moden mengekalkan perbezaan tatabahasa dari Kesusasteraan Arab kecuali mood bertenaga itu hampir tidak digunakan; tambahan pula, bahasa Arab Piawai Moden kadangkala menggugurkan vokal pendek akhir yang menandakan kes dan mood. </p><p>Seperti dalam banyak bahasa Semitik lain, kata kerja Arab adalah berdasarkan pada (selalunya) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akar_(linguistik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akar (linguistik) (laman tidak wujud)">akar</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triliteral&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Triliteral (laman tidak wujud)">trikonsonantal</a>, iaitu bukan satu kata dalam itu sendiri tetapi mengandungi teras semantik. Konsonan <b><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic transliteration" class="Arabic Unicode" style="white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none">k-t-b</span></b>, contohnya, menandakan 'tulis', <b><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic transliteration" class="Arabic Unicode" style="white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none">q-r-ʾ</span></b> menandakan 'baca', <b><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic transliteration" class="Arabic Unicode" style="white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none">ʾ-k-l</span></b> menandakan 'makan', dsbg. Kata dibentuk dengan membekalkan akar dengan struktur vokal dan dengan penambah. (Tradisinya, ahli tatabahasa Arab telah menggunakan akar <b><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic transliteration" class="Arabic Unicode" style="white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none">f-ʿ-l</span></b> 'buat' sebagai templat untuk membincangkan pembentukan kata.) Dari sebarang akar khusus, sebanyak sepuluh kata kerja berbagai boleh dibentuk, setiap dengan templatnya tersendiri; ini dirujuk sebagai "tingkatan I", "tingkatan II, ... hingga melalui "tingkatan X". Tingkatan ini, dan partisipal mereka yang berkaitan dan kata nama lisan, adalah tujuan utama untuk membentuk kosa kata dalam bahasa Arab. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem_tulisan">Sistem tulisan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Sistem tulisan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sistem tulisan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">Abjad Arab</a></div> <p>Huruf Arab dipemerolehan dari skrip <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huruf_Aram&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Huruf Aram (laman tidak wujud)">Aram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nabatea" title="Nabatea">Nabatea</a>), dimana ia diingatkan secara longgar bermirip seperti yakni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huruf_Coptik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Huruf Coptik (laman tidak wujud)">Coptik</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Huruf_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf Cyrillic">skrip Cyrillic</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Huruf_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf Greek">skrip Greek</a>. Tradisionalnya, tersapat beberapa perbezaan antara Barat (Afrika Utara) dan versi Timur Tengah dari huruf—dalam khususnya, <i>fa</i> dan <i>qaf</i> perlu ada titik di bawah dan satu titik di atas masing-masing dalam <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a>, dan susunan huruf telah sedikit berlainan (sekurang-kurangnya apabila mereka telah digunakan sebagai angka). Bagaimanapun, pelbagaian Maghribi Kuno telah ditinggalkan kecuali untuk tujuan kaligrafi di Maghrebnya sendiri, dan tinggal digunakan utamanya di sekolah Al-Qur'an (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaouia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaouia (laman tidak wujud)">zaouia</a>) dari Afrika Barat. Arab, seperi bahasa <a href="/wiki/Semitik" title="Semitik">Semitik</a> lain, adalah ditulis dari kanan ke kiri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaligrafi">Kaligrafi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Kaligrafi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kaligrafi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Seni_khat" title="Seni khat">Seni khat</a></div> <p>Selepas penetapan muktamad skrip Arab sekitar <a href="/wiki/786" title="786">786</a>, oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalil_ibn_Ahmad_al_Faradihi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalil ibn Ahmad al Faradihi (laman tidak wujud)">Khalil ibn Ahmad al Faradihi</a>, banyak gaya telah dibentuk, kedua-dua untuk menulis turun Al-Qur'an dan buku lain, dan untuk inskripsi pada monumen sebagai hiasan. </p><p>Kaligrafi Arab telah tidak jatuh keluar guna seperti di dunia Barat, dan masih dianggap oleh Arab sebagai bentuk seni major, ahli kaligrafi dipegang dalam sanjungan hebat. Dijadikan kursif secara semulajadi, tidak seperti <a href="/wiki/Huruf_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf Latin">huruf Latin</a>, skrip Arab digunakan untuk menulis turun <a href="/wiki/Ayat" title="Ayat">ayat</a> Al-Qur'an, <a href="/wiki/Hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, atau mudahnya <a href="/wiki/Peribahasa" title="Peribahasa">peribahasa</a>, dalam komposisi menakjubkan. Komposisinya selalu akstrak, tetapi kadangkala penulisan dibentuk ke dalam bentuk sebenar seperti yakni dari binatang. Dua juragan semasa dari genre adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_Massoudy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan Massoudy (laman tidak wujud)">Hassan Massoudy</a> dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabworld.nitle.org/gallery.php?module_id=7">Khaled Al Saa’i</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206074346/http://arabworld.nitle.org/gallery.php?module_id=7">Diarkibkan</a> 2006-12-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transliterasi">Transliterasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Transliterasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Transliterasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Maklumat selanjutnya: [[:<a href="/wiki/Transliterasi_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliterasi Arab">Transliterasi Arab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huruf_Chat_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Huruf Chat Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Huruf Chat Arab</a>]]</div> <p>Terdapat sebilangan piawai berlainan <a href="/wiki/Transliterasi_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliterasi Arab">transliterasi Arab</a>: cara ketepatan dan kecekapan mempersembahkan Arab dengan <a href="/wiki/Huruf_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf Latin">huruf Latin</a>. Piawai yang lebih saintifik membenarkan pembaca untuk mencipta semula kata betul menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Huruf_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf Arab">huruf Arab</a>. Bagaimanapun, sistem ini adalah berat bergantung pada tanda <a href="/wiki/Diakritik" title="Diakritik">diakritikal</a> seperti "š" untuk bunyi Inggeris <i>sh</i>. Pada pandangan pertama, ini mungkin sukar untuk dikenali. Sistem saintifik yang lebih kurang selalu menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagraf_(ortografi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagraf (ortografi) (laman tidak wujud)">diagraf</a> (seperti <i>sh</i> dan <i>kh</i>), dimana biasanya lebih mudah untuk baca, tetapi mengorbankan ketetapan sistem saintifik. Dalam sesetengah kes, bunyi <i>sh</i> atau <i>kh</i> boleh dipersembahkan dengan mengitalikan atau mengaris bawahkan mereka -- cara itu, mereka boleh dibezakan dari bunyi terpisah <i>s</i> dan <i>h</i> atau <i>k</i> dan <i>h</i>, masing-masing. (Berbanding <i>gashouse</i> kepada <i>gash</i>.) </p><p>Semasa beberapa dekad yang lalu dan terutamanya sejak 1990an, komunikasi teknologi teks ciptaan-Barat telah menjadi tersebar di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Arab" title="Dunia Arab">dunia Arab</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Komputer_peribadi" title="Komputer peribadi">komputer peribadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, <a href="/wiki/Email" class="mw-redirect" title="Email">email</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_papan_buletin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem papan buletin (laman tidak wujud)">sistem papan buletin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siaran_Internet_Chat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siaran Internet Chat (laman tidak wujud)">IRC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesej_segera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesej segera (laman tidak wujud)">mesej segera</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teks_pemesej_fon_mobail&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teks pemesej fon mobail (laman tidak wujud)">teks pemesej fon mobail</a>. Kebanyakan teknologi ini asalnya mempunyai kemampuan untuk berkomunikasi menggunakan hanya <a href="/wiki/Huruf_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf Latin">huruf Latin</a>, dan sesetengah dari mereka masih tidak mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Huruf_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf Arab">huruf Arab</a> sebagai ciri pilihan. Akibatnya, pengguna penutur Arab berkomunikasi dalam teknologi ini dengan mentranliterasikan teks Arab menggunakan skrip Latin, kadangkala dikenali sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_IM&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab IM (laman tidak wujud)">Arab IM</a>. </p><p>Untuk mengendalikan yakni huruf Arab yang tidak boleh tepatnya dipersembahkan menggunakan skrip Latin, angka dan watak lain adalah disesuaikan. Contohnya, angka "3" mungkin digunakan untuk mempersembahkan huruf Arab "ع", <i>ayn</i>. Terdapat tiada nama universal untuk jenis transliterasi ini, tetapi sesetengah menamakan ia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huruf_Chat_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Huruf Chat Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Huruf Chat Arab</a>. Sistem lain dari transliterasi wujud, seperti menggunakan titik atau pengutamaan untuk persembahkan setara "emfatik" dari sesetengah konsonan. Misalnya, menggunakan pengutamaan, huruf "د", atau <i>daal</i>, mungkin dipersembahkan dengan <b>d</b>. Ia setara emfatik, "ض", mungkin ditulis sebagai <b>D</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengawal_piawai-bahasa">Pengawal piawai-bahasa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengawal piawai-bahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengawal piawai-bahasa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Bahasa Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Akademi Bahasa Arab</a> merupakan nama dari sebilangan badan pengawalan-bahasa yang dibentuk di negara Arab. Yang paling aktif adalah di <a href="/wiki/Damsyik" title="Damsyik">Damsyik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kaherah" title="Kaherah">Kaherah</a>. Mereka mengulas perkembangan bahasa, memantau kata baru dan mengesahkan kemasukan dari kata baru ke dalam penerbitan kamus piawai mereka. Mereka juga menerbitkan manuskrip Arab kuno dan bersejarah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mempelajari_bahasa_Arab">Mempelajari bahasa Arab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting bahagian: Mempelajari bahasa Arab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Mempelajari bahasa Arab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Arab menarik minat berjuta-juta penutur bukan-Arab untuk mempelajarinya ke peringkat berbeza, terutamanya kerana ia merupakan bahasa dari buku suci mereka, <a href="/wiki/Al-Quran" title="Al-Quran">Al-Quran</a>, dan semua <a href="/wiki/Senarai_istilah_Islam_dalam_bahasa_Arab" title="Senarai istilah Islam dalam bahasa Arab">istilah Islam</a> adalah berbahasa Arab. Bahasa Arab telah diajar dalam banyak sekolah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_asas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah asas (laman tidak wujud)">asas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sekolah_menengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekolah menengah">menengah</a> terutamanya di sekolah Muslim di seluruh dunia. Banyak universiti di dunia kini mempunyai kelas untuk mempelajari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_sebagai_Bahasa_Luar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab sebagai Bahasa Luar (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Arab sebagai Bahasa Luar</a>, sebagai sebahagian dari jabatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_luar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa luar (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa luar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengajian_Timur_Tengah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengajian Timur Tengah (laman tidak wujud)">pengajian Timur Tengah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengajian_keagamaan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengajian keagamaan (laman tidak wujud)">pengajian keagamaan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengajian_kawasan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengajian kawasan (laman tidak wujud)">pengajian kawasan</a>, dan malah jabatan <a class="mw-selflink selflink">bahasa Arab</a> bersendirian. Banyak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah bahasa Arab (laman tidak wujud)">sekolah bahasa Arab</a> kini wujud untuk membantu dalam meningkatkan kemahiran bahasa Arab di luar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabatan_akademik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabatan akademik (laman tidak wujud)">pendidikan akademik</a>. Kebanyakan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_bahasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah bahasa (laman tidak wujud)">sekolah bahasa</a> Arab terletak di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Arab" title="Dunia Arab">Dunia Arab</a> dan sesetengah negara <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunia Muslim">Dunia Muslim</a>. perisian dan buku dengan pita juga bahagian penting dari pengajian bahasa Arab, laksana ramai dari pemelajar bahasa Arab mungkin tinggal di tempat di mana terdapat kelas akademik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah bahasa Arab (laman tidak wujud)">sekolah bahasa Arab</a> yang boleh didapati. Siri radio dari kelas bahasa Arab juga diberikan dari sesetengah stesen radio. Sebilangan laman web pada <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> memberikan kelas online untuk semua peringkat laksana pendidikan jarak jauh bertujukan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perkamusan">Perkamusan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting bahagian: Perkamusan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perkamusan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kamus_Marbawi">Kamus Marbawi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting bahagian: Kamus Marbawi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kamus Marbawi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kamus_Idris_Al-Marbawi_(Arab_-_Melayu)" title="Kamus Idris Al-Marbawi (Arab - Melayu)">Kamus Al-Marbawi</a> merupakan kamus Arab-Melayu terawal paling berpengaruh dalam pemahaman dan pengajaran bahasa Arab di rantau <a href="/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara">Nusantara</a>. 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.script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا</span>&#8206; <i>alif</i> hingga <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5953951"><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ظ</span>&#8206; <i>zha</i> dan juzuk kedua (1928) mencakupi <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5953951"><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ع</span>&#8206; <i>‘ain</i> hingga <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5953951"><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>&#8206; <i>ya</i> keseluruhannya mengandungi 18,000 kosa kata Arab mutakrif. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kamus_Arab_Melayu_Sunda">Kamus Arab Melayu Sunda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting bahagian: Kamus Arab Melayu Sunda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kamus Arab Melayu Sunda"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Kamus_kecil.pdf" class="mw-file-description" title="Kamus kecil (Kamus Bahasa Arab Bahasa Melayu Bahasa Sunda) by ʻUthmān ibn ʻAbdallāh ibn ʻAqīl ibn Yaḥyā al-ʻAlawī (1822-1914)"><img alt="Kamus kecil (Kamus Bahasa Arab Bahasa Melayu Bahasa Sunda) by ʻUthmān ibn ʻAbdallāh ibn ʻAqīl ibn Yaḥyā al-ʻAlawī (1822-1914)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kamus_kecil.pdf/page1-178px-Kamus_kecil.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kamus_kecil.pdf/page1-267px-Kamus_kecil.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kamus_kecil.pdf/page1-356px-Kamus_kecil.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6350819">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px;padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dunia_Arab" title="Portal:Dunia Arab">Portal Dunia Arab </a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam </a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bahasa" title="Portal:Bahasa">Portal Bahasa </a></span></li></ul> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiversity-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/75px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/100px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Wikiversity</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Di <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a>, anda boleh mempelajari tentang: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://ms.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bahasa_Arab" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Bahasa Arab">Bahasa Arab</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <i><b><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ar:">Bahasa Arab</a></b></i>, ensiklopedia bebas</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikibuku mempunyai sebuah buku berkenaan topik: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Bahasa Arab">Bahasa Arab</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Arabic">WikiBook: Arabic</a> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aneka_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aneka Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Aneka Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabist&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabist (laman tidak wujud)">Arabist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">Abjad Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesusasteraan_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesusasteraan Arab">Kesusasteraan Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_bahasa_bahasa_di_dunia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai bahasa bahasa di dunia (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai bahasa bahasa di dunia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_kata_Inggeris_dari_asalan_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai kata Inggeris dari asalan Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai kata Inggeris dari asalan Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_kata_Perancis_dari_asalan_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai kata Perancis dari asalan Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai kata Perancis dari asalan Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_kata_Sepanyol_dari_asalan_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai kata Sepanyol dari asalan Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai kata Sepanyol dari asalan Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_frasa_biasa_dalam_pelbagai_bahasa" title="Senarai frasa biasa dalam pelbagai bahasa">Senarai frasa biasa dalam pelbagai bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamus_Bertulis_Arab_Moden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamus Bertulis Arab Moden (laman tidak wujud)">Kamus Bertulis Arab Moden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Jawi" title="Tulisan Jawi">Tulisan Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_khat" title="Seni khat">Seni khat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nota_kaki">Nota kaki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting bahagian: Nota kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nota kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <ul><li>Edward William Lane, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabic_English_Lexicon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabic English Lexicon (laman tidak wujud)">Arabic English Lexicon</a></i>, 1893, 2003 reprint: <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/8120601076" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-206-0107-6</a>, 3064 pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studyquran.co.uk/LLhome.htm">online edition</a>).</li> <li>R. Traini, <i>Vocabolario di arabo</i>, I.P.O., Rome</li> <li>Hans Wehr, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabisches_W%C3%B6rterbuch_f%C3%BCr_die_Schriftsprache_der_Gegenwart&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (laman tidak wujud)">Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart</a>: Arabisch-Deutsch</i>, Harassowitz, 1952, 1985 reprint: <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/3447019980" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-447-01998-0</a>, 1452 pages; English translation: Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, Harassowitz, 1961.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting bahagian: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Fonologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Thelwall,_M._Akram_Sa&#39;adeddin2003" class="citation book cs1">Robin Thelwall, M. Akram Sa'adeddin (2003). "Arabic". <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0521637511" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-63751-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Arabic&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.au=Robin+Thelwall%2C+M.+Akram+Sa%27adeddin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Arab" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tatabahasa_2">Tatabahasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting bahagian: Tatabahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tatabahasa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kees Versteegh, <i>The Arabic Language</i>, Edinburgh University Press (1997). See online versions: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&amp;reading_id=36">[2]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title="&#160;Pautan mati ditandakan pada Ogos 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&amp;reading_id=17">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&amp;reading_id=35">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927144641/http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&amp;reading_id=35">Diarkibkan</a> 2006-09-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&amp;reading_id=113">[5]</a></li> <li>Mumisa, Michael, <i>Introducing Arabic</i>, Goodword Books (2003).</li> <li>Haywood and Nahmad, <i>A new Arabic grammar</i>: London 1965, <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/085331585X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-85331-585-X</a></li> <li>Laura Veccia Vaglieri, <i>Grammatica teorico-pratica della lingua araba</i>, I.P.O., Rome.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialektologi">Dialektologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting bahagian: Dialektologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Dialektologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grigore&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Grigore (laman tidak wujud)">George Grigore</a>, (2007). <i>L'arabe parlé à Mardin. Monographie d'un parler arabe périphérique</i>. Bucharest: Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, ISBN (13) 978-973-737-249-9 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.arc-news.com/read.php?lang=en&amp;id_articol=1059">[6]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.GulfArabic.com/">GulfArabic.com - Learn Colloquial Gulf Arabic Language</a> (sumber percuma)</li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130331004636/http://www.study-arabic.info/">"StudyArabic"</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.study-arabic.info/">yang asal</a> pada 31 Mac 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=StudyArabic&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.study-arabic.info%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Arab" class="Z3988"></span> Laman web didedikasikan kepada sesiapa yang mencuba belajar bahasa Arab.</li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (ms)">(Melayu)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabic.com.my/">Bahasa Arab Mikro</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831070351/http://www.arabic.com.my/">Diarkibkan</a> 2009-08-31 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Info pengajian Bahasa Arab Mikro. Kaedah pembelajaran Bahasa Arab secara fitrah.</li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabicgems.wordpress.com/">Arabic Gems</a> Belajar tentang kerumitan dan kebijakan linguistik Arab dan morfologi.</li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabic-media.com/">Arabic-Media</a> kemasukan on-line ke akhbar Arab, radio, dan televisyen</li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nicoweb.com/sirpus/learn%20arabic%20course%20mp3.htm">Arabic Writing and Reading <b>with MP3</b></a>. Penulisan Arab dan Kursus Baca Online dengan audio MP3.</li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madinaharabic.com">Arabic language learning course with audio</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latkey.com">Free Arabic transliteration for Microsoft Office and keyboard layouts </a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&amp;categ_id=4&amp;article_id=6173">"Antonyms in Arabic are a strange phenomenon" by Tamim al-Barghusi</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&amp;reading_id=17">"The Development of Classical Arabic" by Kees Versteegh</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabworld.nitle.org/audiovisual.php?module_id=1&amp;selected_feed=118">Wellesley College Professor of Arabic on the forms and dialects of the language</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828111746/http://arabworld.nitle.org/audiovisual.php?module_id=1&amp;selected_feed=118">Diarkibkan</a> 2006-08-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/su/mideast/Multilingual_Computing_with_Arabic_and_Arabic_Transliteration.pdf">Multilingual Computing in Arabic with Windows, major word processors, web browsers, Arabic keyboards, and Arabic transliteration fonts</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gomideast.com/arabic/index.htm">gomideast - Learning to Speak Arabic phrases</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://language-directory.50webs.com/languages/arabic.htm">List of online Arabic-related resources</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acon.baykal.be/">ACON: online Arabic Verb Conjugator</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cacac.org">Center for Arabic Culture (CAC)</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://st-takla.org/Learn_Languages/01_Learn_Arabic-ta3leem-3araby/Learn-Arabic_00-index_El-Fehres.html">Learn Arabic language online with audio pronunciation</a> dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://St-Takla.org">St. Takla Egyptian Church</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tanzeelnet.com">Arabic-translated program descriptions</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kamusarab.com/">Kamus Bahasa Arab</a></li></ul> <p><br /> Laman rujukan dan contoh: </p> <ul><li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transliteration.org/quran/Pronunciation/Letters/TashP.htm">Arabic language pronunciation applet</a> dengan sampel audio</li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afl.ajeeb.com/freetour/lesson1/song/song1.html">Learn Arabic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720134340/http://afl.ajeeb.com/freetour/lesson1/song/song1.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2006-07-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1289272">E2 article</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/ar.htm">Sprachprofi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031216070159/http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/ar.htm">Diarkibkan</a> 2003-12-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Arabic/">Arabic Dictionary</a> dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.omni-translation.com/belajar-bahasa-arab-mudah/">http://www.omni-translation.com/belajar-bahasa-arab-mudah/</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title="&#160;Pautan mati ditandakan pada September 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=arb">SIL's Ethnologue</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nitle.org/arabworld/texts.php?module_id=1&amp;reading_id=113">Dialects of Arabic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172309/http://www.nitle.org/arabworld/texts.php?module_id=1&amp;reading_id=113">Diarkibkan</a> 2016-03-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muftah-alhuruf.com">Muftah-Alhuruf.com&#160;: Write and send Arabic emails without having an Arabic keyboard or operating system.</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.sakhr.com/">Number of Arabic Words According to different dictionaries</a> Lebih 4 juta kata!</li></ul> <p>Sampel bahasa Arab: </p> <ul><li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.language-museum.com/a/arabic.php">Arabic</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.language-museum.com/a/arabic-chadian-spoken.php">Arabic Chadian Spoken</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.language-museum.com/a/arabic-north-levantine-spoken.php">Arabic North Levantine Spoken</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (en)">(Inggeris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dicodialna.com">Algerian-Arabic Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920030146/http://dicodialna.com/">Diarkibkan</a> 2017-09-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bahasa_rasmi_Pertubuhan_Bangsa-bangsa_Bersatu_30px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arab</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Cina" title="Bahasa Cina">Cina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Inggeris</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Perancis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Rusia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sepanyol" title="Bahasa Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Sumber: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/Depts/DGACM/faq_languages.htm">Laman Rasmi PBB</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560295">Jepun</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph118564&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Pendokumenan_Universiti" title="Sistem Pendokumenan Universiti">SUDOC (Perancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027219623">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐2gnwm Cached time: 20241123030117 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] 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title="Kategori:Bahasa">Bahasa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_Semitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kategori:Bahasa Semitik">Bahasa Semitik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Afghanistan" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Afghanistan">Bahasa di Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Syria" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Syria">Bahasa di Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Iraq" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Iraq">Bahasa di Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Iran" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Iran">Bahasa di Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Mesir" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Mesir">Bahasa di Mesir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Libya" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Libya">Bahasa di Libya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Pakistan" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Pakistan">Bahasa di Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Palestin" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Palestin">Bahasa di 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Mauritania">Bahasa di Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Niger" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Niger">Bahasa di Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Sudan" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Sudan">Bahasa di Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Somalia" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Somalia">Bahasa di Somalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Sudan_Selatan" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Sudan Selatan">Bahasa di Sudan Selatan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Algeria" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Algeria">Bahasa di Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Eritrea" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Eritrea">Bahasa di Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Comoros" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Comoros">Bahasa di Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Djibouti" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Djibouti">Bahasa di Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Qatar" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Qatar">Bahasa di Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Kuwait" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Kuwait">Bahasa di Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_di_Jordan" title="Kategori:Bahasa di Jordan">Bahasa di Jordan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_yang_ada_ralat_skrip" title="Kategori:Laman yang ada ralat skrip">Laman yang ada ralat skrip</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_yang_menggunakan_argumen_pendua_dalam_panggilan_templat" title="Kategori:Laman yang menggunakan argumen pendua dalam panggilan templat">Laman yang menggunakan argumen pendua dalam panggilan templat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_pilihan" title="Kategori:Rencana pilihan">Rencana pilihan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_memerlukan_terjemahan" title="Kategori:Rencana yang memerlukan terjemahan">Rencana yang memerlukan terjemahan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_memerlukan_kemaskini_dalam_BM" title="Kategori:Rencana yang memerlukan kemaskini dalam BM">Rencana yang memerlukan kemaskini dalam BM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_wayback_templat_webarchive" title="Kategori:Pautan wayback templat webarchive">Pautan wayback templat webarchive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati" title="Kategori:Semua rencana dengan pautan luar mati">Semua rencana dengan pautan luar mati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati_dari_Ogos_2021" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pautan luar mati dari Ogos 2021">Rencana dengan pautan luar mati dari Ogos 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati_kekal" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pautan luar mati kekal">Rencana dengan pautan luar mati kekal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati_dari_September_2021" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pautan luar mati dari 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