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Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life 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Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > 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<option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option 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<h3>Countries / Regions</h3> <div class="js-refinement-selections-container"> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_UNITED_STATES"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> USA </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_GERMANY"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Germany </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_SPAIN"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Spain </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_UNITED_KINGDOM"> 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data-filterid="refine_countries_CHINA"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> China </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_GREECE"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Greece </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_NETHERLANDS"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> The Netherlands </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_HUNGARY"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Hungary </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" 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class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_POLAND"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Poland </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_SOUTH_AFRICA"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> South Africa </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_JAPAN"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Japan </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_NORWAY"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Norway </label> 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</a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/56">On the Emergence of the Castellieri Settlements and Possible Effects of Climatic Changes in the 2nd Millennium BC in the Adriatic Region</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anja Hellmuth Kramberger</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040056 (registering DOI) - 11 Dec 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The fortified hilltop settlement of Monkodonja, located near Rovinj on the west coast of Istria, Croatia, provides insight into Bronze Age occupation and conflict in the Adriatic region. Established around 2000 BC, as evidenced by a series of C14 dates from human and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/56/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The fortified hilltop settlement of Monkodonja, located near Rovinj on the west coast of Istria, Croatia, provides insight into Bronze Age occupation and conflict in the Adriatic region. Established around 2000 BC, as evidenced by a series of C14 dates from human and animal bones, the settlement experienced significant construction phases, particularly in its defensive architecture. Its earliest fortifications, built with limestone blocks using dry-stone wall techniques, date to the 19th century BC, with major expansions in the 16th century BC, where the primary wall was doubled in width and reached over 3 m in thickness. Monkodonja’s architectural complexity, notably the West Gate and Acropolis fortifications, and certain types of artifacts reveal influences from southern regions such the eastern Aegean. However, the settlement appears to have met a violent end around the 15th century BC, suggested by destruction layers, widespread burning, and the presence of weapons such as a lance tip, bronze axe, and slingstones. Monkodonja’s destruction raises questions about broader military conflicts in the Adriatic region during this period. Possible causes could include localized warfare or connections to larger-scale disturbances. Research in Monkodonja is also significant in the context of the debate surrounding the emergence of the so-called Castellieri settlements in Istria at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, it was proposed that a migration of people to the Istrian peninsula brought this new settlement form and other influences, leading to a significant population increase. The appearance of the Castellieri settlement form coincides with a period marked by documented climatic changes and two major natural disasters in the form of volcanic eruptions. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/56">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/quaternary/special_issues/geoarchaeology_cultural_heritage ">Advances in Geoarchaeology and Cultural Heritage</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/56/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1541777"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1541777"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1541777" data-cycle-prev="#prev1541777" data-cycle-progressive="#images1541777" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g001-550.jpg?1733934960" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1541777" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g002-550.jpg?1733934961'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g003-550.jpg?1733934965'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g004-550.jpg?1733934968'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g005-550.jpg?1733934970'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g006-550.jpg?1733934971'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g007a-550.jpg?1733934973'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g007b-550.jpg?1733934977'><p>Figure 7 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g008a-550.jpg?1733934980'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g008b-550.jpg?1733934982'><p>Figure 8 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g009-550.jpg?1733934984'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1541777-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g010-550.jpg?1733934985'><p>Figure 10</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1541777-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g001-550.jpg?1733934960" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The Adriatic region showing the course of sea currents and the location of the Istrian peninsula (graphic: author, data from [<a href="#B1-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">1</a>] (Figure 14)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g002-550.jpg?1733934961" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Aerial view showing the fortified hilltop settlement of Monbrodo, where the concentric walls are covered by the vegetation canopy and clearly stand out in the terrain, Istria, Croatia (Adapted from [<a href="#B13-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">13</a>] (Figure 3a)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g003-550.jpg?1733934965" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Lidar view of Monbrodo (Adapted from [<a href="#B14-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">14</a>] (Figure 2)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g004-550.jpg?1733934968" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Upper: (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Ceramic tripods from Monkodonja, Akropolis (Sonda 3), Istria, Croatia (drawings author), lower: tripods from the Eastern Mediterranean region, (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>)–Ayia Irini, Kea (Adapted from [<a href="#B31-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">31</a>]), (<b>c</b>)–Cyprus (Adapted from [<a href="#B32-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">32</a>] (p. 50)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g005-550.jpg?1733934970" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Aerial view of the fortified hilltop settlement of Monkodonja, with the Adriatic coast visible in the background, Istria, Croatia (Adapted from [<a href="#B33-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">33</a>] (Figure 1)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g006-550.jpg?1733934971" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Aerial view showing the excavated area of the main fortification with the west gate of Monkodonja (<b>b</b>) and the various expansion phases of the wall and gateway (<b>a</b>), Istria, Croatia (Adapted from [<a href="#B33-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">33</a>] (Figure 4)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g007a-550.jpg?1733934973" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>): Calibrated C14 dates from the 2005 and 2006 measurements of human and animal bone finds from the fortified hilltop settlement of Monkodonja, Istria, Croatia, Leibniz Laboratory for Age Determination and Isotope Research Kiel (Adapted from [<a href="#B49-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">49</a>] (p. 38)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g007b-550.jpg?1733934977" title=" <strong>Figure 7 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>): Calibrated C14 dates from the 2005 and 2006 measurements of human and animal bone finds from the fortified hilltop settlement of Monkodonja, Istria, Croatia, Leibniz Laboratory for Age Determination and Isotope Research Kiel (Adapted from [<a href="#B49-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">49</a>] (p. 38)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g008a-550.jpg?1733934980" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Compilation of all calibrated C14 dates from the burial mounds on Mušego, Istria, Croatia, based on human bones from the Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory (Poz) and the Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Isotope Research Kiel (KIA) (Adapted from [<a href="#B48-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">48</a>] (Figure 4)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g008b-550.jpg?1733934982" title=" <strong>Figure 8 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Compilation of all calibrated C14 dates from the burial mounds on Mušego, Istria, Croatia, based on human bones from the Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory (Poz) and the Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Isotope Research Kiel (KIA) (Adapted from [<a href="#B48-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">48</a>] (Figure 4)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g009-550.jpg?1733934984" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Aerial view showing the excavated area of the acropolis of Monkodonja, Istria, Croatia (Adapted from [<a href="#B33-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">33</a>] (Figure 5)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00056/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00056-g010-550.jpg?1733934985" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Bronze Age settlement system showing visual communication around the central settlement of Monkodonja, around the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, Istria, Croatia (graphic by the author, Data from [<a href="#B37-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">37</a>] (Figure 5) and [<a href="#B1-quaternary-07-00056" class="html-bibr">1</a>] Figure 17)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/56'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1537669" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 12518 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/55/pdf?version=1733411919" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Aeolian Sands of the Temperate Boreal Zone (Northern Asia)" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/55">Aeolian Sands of the Temperate Boreal Zone (Northern Asia)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nikolay Akulov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Rubtsova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Varvara Akulova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yurii Ryzhov</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maksim Smirnov</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 55; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040055">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040055</a> - 5 Dec 2024 </div> Viewed by 757 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This article is devoted to the study of the Quaternary aeolian sands of the boreal zone of north Asia. Using the example of the study reference sections of the Selenga Dauria (Western Transbaikalia), it was established that the activation of aeolian processes is <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/55/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This article is devoted to the study of the Quaternary aeolian sands of the boreal zone of north Asia. Using the example of the study reference sections of the Selenga Dauria (Western Transbaikalia), it was established that the activation of aeolian processes is determined by the complex interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors. Natural factors include neotectonic movements; wide distribution of alluvial and lacustrine-alluvial deposits; a sharply continental semi-arid climate; and forest-steppe and steppe vegetation. Among the anthropogenic factors, the leading ones are deforestation, plowing of land and construction of new settlements, roads and other line structures. The obtained radiocarbon dating of buried soils and coal from ancient fire pits indicates the activation of aeolian processes during the Holocene. The main sources for aeolian transport (winnowing) are sands located in the areas of river and lake beaches, floodplains and river terraces. Almost all aeolian sands of the boreal zone were formed as a result of short-range wind transport. They form mini-deserts unfixed by vegetation, with active aeolian processes, dunes, barkhans and deflationary basins. Aeolian swells and blowout basins characterize aeolian landscapes weakly fixed by vegetation. It is noted that aeolian deposits of the boreal zone of north Asia, in contrast to similar sands of the subtropical and tropic zones, consist of coarser-grained material. Medium- and fine-grained sands dominate their composition, which is polymineral and well-sorted. In subtropical and tropical deserts, they are predominantly monomineral, fine and fine-grained. At the same time, mainly minerals that are unstable to weathering (feldspars, plagioclases, pyroxenes and amphiboles) represent the mineralogical composition of the studied aeolian sands. Weathering-resistant minerals dominate the sands of classical deserts: quartz, leucoxene, ilmenite, epidote, zircon, garnets, tourmaline, rutile and others. Modern aeolian landscapes are a unique natural formation for the boreal zone of north Asia and can be successfully used for the development of ecotourism. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/55">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/55/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1537669"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1537669"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1537669" data-cycle-prev="#prev1537669" data-cycle-progressive="#images1537669" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g001-550.jpg?1733412055" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1537669" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g002-550.jpg?1733412058'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g003-550.jpg?1733412060'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g004-550.jpg?1733412062'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g005-550.jpg?1733412064'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g006-550.jpg?1733412066'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g007-550.jpg?1733412068'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g008-550.jpg?1733412069'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g009-550.jpg?1733412070'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g010-550.jpg?1733412072'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g011-550.jpg?1733412074'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g012-550.jpg?1733412076'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g013-550.jpg?1733412078'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g014-550.jpg?1733412078'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1537669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g015-550.jpg?1733412080'><p>Figure 15</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1537669-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g001-550.jpg?1733412055" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic location map of the most important sand deserts and desertification zones of the Earth against the background of simplified climatic zonation by W.P. Köppen [<a href="#B2-quaternary-07-00055" class="html-bibr">2</a>]. Figures show the location of the most important deserts and the area of the conducted research: 1—Great Basin, 2—Mojave, 3—Sonora, 4—Chihuahua, 5—Atacama, 6—Patagonia, 7—Sahara, 8—Namib, 9—Kalahari, 10—Syrian, 11—Syrian, 12—Kevir, 13—Karakum, 14—Kyzylkum, 15—Deshte Lut, 16—Thar, 17—Takla Makan, 18—Gobi, 19—Selenga Dauria sands, the area of our research, 20—Australian, 21—Great Victoria Desert. The diagram was drawn up by N.I. Akulov.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g002-550.jpg?1733412058" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Overview scheme of the region under study 1–5—reference geologic sections: 1—Zaigrayevsky, 2—Ilkinsky, 3—Nomokhonovsky, 4—Debensky, 5—Aman-Khansky. The arrows indicate the prevailing wind directions determined by the elements of aeolian bodies’ occurrence (strike). The diagram was drawn up by N.I. Akulov.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g003-550.jpg?1733412060" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Zaigrayevsky sand quarry (Zaigrayevo settlement); GPS: N 51°50′17.0″; E 108°17′41.5″.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g004-550.jpg?1733412062" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Lithologic-stratigraphic column of the Zaigrayevsky composite section. 1–6—Sediments: sands with crushed granitoids (1), sands with gravel (2), massive sands (3), sands with horizontal layering (4), dusty sands with curved layering (5), soil horizon (6). 7–12—Granulometric composition by classes: &gt;1 mm (7), 1–0.5 mm (8), 0.5–0.25 mm (9), 0.25–0.01 mm (10), 0.1–0.05 mm (11), &lt;0.05 mm (12). 13–16—Light fraction minerals: quartz (13), feldspar (14), biotite (15), rock fragments (16). 17–22—Heavy fraction minerals: ilmenite and magnetite (17), amphiboles (18), sphene (19), diopside (20), hypersthene (21), epidote (22). 23—Bone of woolly rhinoceros. 24—Sampling site. 25—Proterozoic granitoids. 26—Line of disconformity bedding of rocks. 27–29—Facies: subaqual (alluvial, 27); subaerial (aeolian, 28); mixed (aeolian-deluvial, 29).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g005-550.jpg?1733412064" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Histograms (a) and accumulative curves (b) of the granulometric composition of the main genetic types of sandy sediments: 1—aeolian (sample 14), 2—mixed (aeolian-deluvial, sample 17) and 3—alluvial (sample 3).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g006-550.jpg?1733412066" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Pit at the Ilkinsky reference section. Two soil horizons and numerous pottery fragments buried beneath aeolian sands (pottery is shown in the photo insert, and the arrow shows sands containing pottery); numbers show the calendar age of soil horizons; GPS: N 51°41′58.7″; E 108°37′26.4″.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g007-550.jpg?1733412068" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Diagram of granulometric composition and nature of changes in statistical parameters of sands of the Ilkinskiy section (borehole 3-2).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g008-550.jpg?1733412069" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Nomokhonovsky field of aeolian ridged sands; GPS: N 50°58′40.72″; E 106°22′53.92″.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g009-550.jpg?1733412070" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Debensky reference section; GPS: N 50°42′33.18″; E 106°18′33.24″.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g010-550.jpg?1733412072" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>In the Debensky section, the aeolian deposits are separated by two horizons of buried soils (355 and 428 cm depth). The topsoil horizon has a radiocarbon age of 9800 ± 350 BP (LU-10217).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g011-550.jpg?1733412074" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Aman-Khan sand desert.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g012-550.jpg?1733412076" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Satellite images of the Aman-Khan desert.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g013-550.jpg?1733412078" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Histogram (a) and integral curve (b) of granulometric composition of aeolian sands in Aman-Khan desert.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g014-550.jpg?1733412078" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Diagram of granulometric composition and the nature of changes in statistical parameters of the sand strata of the Aman-Khan Desert (borehole 5-1).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00055/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00055-g015-550.jpg?1733412080" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>The aeolian sand flows are carried out from the zones of river beaches, dried-up river-formed lakes and floodplains to the desertification zones.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/55'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1536729" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 47 pages, 44631 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/54/pdf?version=1733739590" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Lost MIS 11c Mammalian Fauna from Via dell’Impero (Rome, Italy)" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/54">The Lost MIS 11c Mammalian Fauna from Via dell’Impero (Rome, Italy)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Rita Palombo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Biagio Giaccio</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lorenzo Monaco</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Roberta Martino</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marina Amanatidou</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Luca Pandolfi</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 54; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040054">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040054</a> - 4 Dec 2024 </div> Viewed by 1004 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This research presents an in-depth analysis of large mammal remains first discovered in 1932 in the archaeological area of ancient Rome, central Italy, during the work for the opening of Via dell’Impero (VFI). This work describes the faunal assemblage, its current preservation status, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/54/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This research presents an in-depth analysis of large mammal remains first discovered in 1932 in the archaeological area of ancient Rome, central Italy, during the work for the opening of Via dell’Impero (VFI). This work describes the faunal assemblage, its current preservation status, and uses tephrochronology to assess its age. Additionally, it provides paleoecological insights into the evolution of the mammalian fauna in Latium, central Italy, from MIS 13 to MIS 7. Analysis of the fossils updates the identification previously proposed by De Angelis d’Ossat, confirming the presence of <i>Palaeoloxodon antiquus</i>, <i>Cervus elaphus</i>, and <i>Bos primigenius</i>. However, in contrast to the previous author, the hippopotamus remains are assigned to <i>Hippopotamus</i> cf. <i>antiquus</i>, and a second deer is identified as <i>Dama</i> sp.. Furthermore, gnawing marks on the hippopotamus femur suggest the presence of a middle-sized carnivore. Tephrochronological investigation was conducted on pumice retrieved from the VFI fossiliferous layer and ash extracted from sediments adhering to the fossil surfaces. The major element composition of the glass from all pumice/ash samples shows a strong affinity with the Vico β unit, allowing correlation with the Fucino record and constraining the deposition of the VFI fossiliferous level between <406.5 ± 1.3 ka and >405.7 + 1.5/−1.6 ka. Radiometric dating is particularly useful for large mammal faunas of MIS 11-MIS 7, a period lacking significant faunal renewals, as Latium mammalian faunas are often dominated by species (elephants, red deer, aurochs) with broad chronological ranges. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/54">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/54/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1536729"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1536729"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1536729" data-cycle-prev="#prev1536729" data-cycle-progressive="#images1536729" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' 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src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g021-550.jpg?1733739724'><p>Figure 21</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1536729-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g022-550.jpg?1733739726'><p>Figure 22</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='22' data-target='article-1536729-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g023-550.jpg?1733739729'><p>Figure 23</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='23' data-target='article-1536729-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g024-550.jpg?1733739731'><p>Figure 24</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='24' data-target='article-1536729-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g025-550.jpg?1733739733'><p>Figure 25</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1536729-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g001-550.jpg?1733739668" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Location of the investigated Via dell’Impero (VFI) faunal assemblage in the city of Rome. The studied locality is characterized by the fluvial-deltaic system of the low course of the Tiber River (Campagna Romana) and of the central Italy peri-Tyrrhenian volcanic system (Vulsini, Vico, Sabatini, Colli Albani, Volsci, and Roccamonfina). The latitude refers to North, the longitude refers to East.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g002-550.jpg?1733739672" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>“Teschio di Alifante” drawing, depicting a skull and mandible that is the first documentation of the discovery of a fossil elephant in Rome (Filippo D’Angeli detto Filippo Napoletano—Teschio di Alifante (Sanguigna—Lille, Musee des Beaux-Art) (Modified after [<a href="#B30-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">30</a>]).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g003-550.jpg?1733739676" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus</span>: Picture of the skull found in 1932 during the opening of Via dell’Impero, as it appeared at the time of the discovery (modified after [<a href="#B39-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">39</a>], <a href="#quaternary-07-00054-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g004-550.jpg?1733739679" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Picture published in media in October 1932, depicting the excavation works for the opening of the VFI and the dismantling of the Velia hill (credit Archive X division Municipality of Rome).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g005-550.jpg?1733739682" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus</span>: frontal view of the mandible found in 1932 during the opening of Via dell’Impero, not far from the skull of the same individual (modified after [<a href="#B40-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">40</a>], tav. II, figure a).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g006-550.jpg?1733739684" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> left second upper molar (M2) (AC 49015c) in occlusal view. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g007-550.jpg?1733739687" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> left second upper molar (M2) (AC 49015c) in buccal (<b>a</b>) and labial (<b>b</b>) view. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g008-550.jpg?1733739689" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> third right (<b>a</b>) and left (<b>b</b>) upper molars (M3) in occlusal view. The molars were described by De Angelis D’Ossat [<a href="#B40-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">40</a>] but they have been apparently lost (modified after [<a href="#B40-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">40</a>], tav. I, figure a).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g009-550.jpg?1733739691" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> left hemimandible large fragment with the third molar (m3) (AC 49015d), in dorsal view. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g010-550.jpg?1733739693" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> left hemimandible large fragment with the third molar (m3) (AC 49015d), in buccal view. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g011-550.jpg?1733739695" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> left hemimandible large fragment with the third molar (m3) (AC 49015d), in labial view. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g012-550.jpg?1733739696" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> right lower third molar (m3) (AC 49015e), in occlusal view. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g013-550.jpg?1733739698" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> right lower third molar (m3) (AC 49015e) and a small alveolus fragment in buccal view. The buccal side of the hemimandible is largely broken and some roots are partially visible. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g014-550.jpg?1733739700" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Palaeoloxodon antiquus:</span> right lower third molar (m3) (AC 49015e) and a small alveolus fragment in labial view. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g015-550.jpg?1733739703" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>–<b>F</b>) Fragmentary mandible of <span class="html-italic">Hippopotamus</span> (AC 49636a): (<b>A</b>) dorsal view of the horizontal ramus, (<b>A1</b>) occlusal view of right m3, (<b>B</b>) lingual view of the horizontal ramus, (<b>C</b>) buccal view of the horizontal ramus, (<b>D</b>) anterior view of the incisor corpus, (<b>E</b>) dorsal view of the incisor corpus, (<b>F</b>) internal view of the symphyseal area; (<b>G</b>,<b>H</b>), isolated first lower incisor of <span class="html-italic">Hippopotamus</span> (AC 49636a) in (<b>G</b>) lateral view, (<b>H</b>) anterior view; (<b>I</b>–<b>L</b>) partially preserved femur of <span class="html-italic">Hippopotamus</span> (AC 49636b) in (<b>I</b>) anterior view of the trochlea, (<b>I1</b>) gnawing marks above the trochlea, (<b>J</b>) posterior view, (<b>K</b>) lateral view, (<b>L</b>) medial view. Scale bar = 5 cm. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g016-550.jpg?1733739704" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Boxplot of the anterior breadth (AB, in mm) of m3 measurements from different <span class="html-italic">Hippopotamidae taxa</span>. For the complete set of measurements, consult <a href="#app1-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-app">Supplementary Materials (Table S1)</a>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g017-550.jpg?1733739705" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Scatterplot of the femoral distal breadth (BD, in mm) against the femoral distal depth (DD, in mm) from different Hippopotamidae species. For the complete set of measurements, refer to <a href="#app1-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-app">Supplementary Materials (Table S1)</a>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g018-550.jpg?1733739707" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>–<b>D</b>) Calcaneus of <span class="html-italic">Bos primigenius</span> (AC 49637) in (<b>A</b>) anterior view, (<b>B</b>) medial view, (<b>C</b>) posterior view, (<b>D</b>) lateral view; (<b>E</b>) partially preserved beam (AC 49638) of <span class="html-italic">Cervus elaphus</span> in lateral view; (<b>F</b>–<b>I</b>) burr with the basal portion of brow tine (AC 49639) of <span class="html-italic">Dama</span> sp. in (<b>F</b>) anterior view, (<b>B</b>) posterior view, (<b>H</b>) internal view, (<b>I</b>) external view. Scale bar = 5 cm. © Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g019-550.jpg?1733739711" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Total alkali vs. silica (TAS; [<a href="#B59-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">59</a>]) classification diagram and bi-plot scatter diagrams of the investigated samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g020-550.jpg?1733739717" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>TAS and bi-plot scatter diagrams of the investigated units in comparison with literature data of Vico diagrams of the investigated Plinian fall deposits. Data source: Vico α Plinian fall deposit: [<a href="#B128-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">128</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g021-550.jpg?1733739724" title=" <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/> <p>Bi-plot scatter diagrams of the investigated samples in comparison with literature data of Vico diagrams of top proximal deposits and their distal equivalents. Data source: Vico β Data source: [<a href="#B128-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">128</a>]; TF-116 and TF-115: [<a href="#B149-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">149</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g022-550.jpg?1733739726" title=" <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/> <p>Chronological and paleoenvironmental-paleoclimatic setting of Via dell’Impero faunal remains. (<b>a</b>) Origin and age of the pumice samples extracted from the sediment adhering to the surface of Via dell’Impero mammal bones and temporal range of the paleontological findings; (<b>b</b>) Stratigraphy, geochronology and sea-level indicators of the MIS 11c aggradational unit of the Tiber River paleo-delta (from [<a href="#B131-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">131</a>]); (<b>c</b>) MIS 11 temporal series of the calcium content in Fucino paleolake record [<a href="#B151-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">151</a>]; (<b>d</b>) Lake Ohrid MIS 11 pollen profile [<a href="#B138-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">138</a>]; (<b>e</b>) Red Sea MIS 11 Relative seal level (RSL) based on the “Red Sea method” [<a href="#B149-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">149</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g023-550.jpg?1733739729" title=" <strong>Figure 23</strong><br/> <p>Chronological range of the large mammal species recorded in western and southern Europe during the Middle Pleistocene (Land mammal Ages and Faunal Complex after [<a href="#B92-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">92</a>] and [<a href="#B93-quaternary-07-00054" class="html-bibr">93</a>], respectively). The asterisk indicates those of the species discovered in 1932 at the Vela hill’s slope bottom, during the excavation works for the opening of Via dell’Impero.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g024-550.jpg?1733739731" title=" <strong>Figure 24</strong><br/> <p>Commonness of the large mammal species recorded in the local faunal assemblages selected for this study (see <a href="#quaternary-07-00054-t001" class="html-table">Table 1</a>). Mammal miniatures indicate the species identified in the VFI fauna assemblage.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00054/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00054-g025-550.jpg?1733739733" title=" <strong>Figure 25</strong><br/> <p>Q-mode dendrogram showing the hierarchical ordering obtained for the late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 13-MIS 7) local faunal assemblages from Latium and surrounding areas, selected among the best-known LFAs, having some chronological constraints. Clusters are joined based on the average distance between all members in the groups (unweighted pair-group average, UPGMA). Black = Mis 13; Blue = Mis 11; Azure = MIS 11 or younger; Dark green = late MIS 11–early MIS 10; Violet = MIS 10; Yellow = MIS 9; Grey = MIS 8.5; Light green = MIS 7. C.Diavolo = Ciampate del Diavolo; FoRan = Fontana Ranuccio; Mal = Malagrotta; C Lumbr. = Casal Lumbroso; GCNic = Guado San Nicola; VFI = Via dell’Impero/Via dei Fori Imperiali; Pignint = Pignataro Interamna; Ceprano = Ceprano CG 9–10; CC2 = Campo di Conte upper levels; Ladem = Lademagne levels 1 and 2; Pr.Fis = Prati Fiscali; CDG = Castel di Guido; TP1 = Torre in Pietra lower levels; Polledrara = Polledrara di Cecanibbio; Isoletta = Isoletta (ESR1-GA6Z-ESR4); CdP = Casal de’ Pazzi; TP2 = Torre in Pietra upper levels; Mt.Sacro = Monte Sacro; SeDi = Sedia del Diavolo; C.Pompi = Cava Pompi; RiFi = Rio Freddo; ClAvar = Colle Avarone; C.RinUl = Cava Rinaldi upper levels; CBarb = Collina Barbattini; Vaur9.2 = Via Aurelia Km 9.2; C.SelA = Casal Selce lower levels = C.SelB = Casal Selce upper Level; V.Os = Via Ostiense.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1535816" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 5241 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/53/pdf?version=1733224091" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Late Holocene Vegetation Dynamics and Sea Level Fluctuations: A High-Resolution Record from Southeast India" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/53">Late Holocene Vegetation Dynamics and Sea Level Fluctuations: A High-Resolution Record from Southeast India</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jyoti Srivastava</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pujarini Samal</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>M. C. Manoj</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 53; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040053">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040053</a> - 3 Dec 2024 </div> Viewed by 785 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> A detailed high-resolution study of climate and vegetation changes in two sedimentary profiles from the Godavari delta in India was conducted to understand extreme climate variability over the last 3000 years. These historical climate records are vital for predicting future climate changes influenced <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/53/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> A detailed high-resolution study of climate and vegetation changes in two sedimentary profiles from the Godavari delta in India was conducted to understand extreme climate variability over the last 3000 years. These historical climate records are vital for predicting future climate changes influenced by increased human activity. Pollen records reveal several climatic periods: (1) an initial warm/humid phase (2260–1560 cal yr BP) with mangrove and tropical tree pollen and maximum pollen accumulation rate (PARmax), (2) a gradual shift to drier conditions with reduced mangrove and arboreal pollen, coinciding with to the Dark Ages Cold Period (1580–1070 cal yr BP), (3) a Medieval Warm Period (1090–580 cal yr BP) marked by a stronger summer monsoon, rejuvenation of mangroves and tree pollen, (4) a relatively cool and dry phase with abundant dry deciduous and non-arboreal pollen possibly linked to the Little Ice Age (580–80 cal yr BP), showing a weakened monsoon, and (5) recent warming since 80 cal yr BP. A semi-quantitative aridity, temperature, and moisture index based on pollen concentration variations have also been used to identify centennial-scale climatic cycles in the pollen record. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/53">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/quaternary/special_issues/F0NL3B6DY9 ">Vegetation Response to the Hydro-Climatic Changes during the Late Quaternary</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/53/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1535816"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1535816"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1535816" data-cycle-prev="#prev1535816" data-cycle-progressive="#images1535816" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1535816-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g001-550.jpg?1733224177" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1535816" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1535816-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g002-550.jpg?1733224179'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1535816-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g003-550.jpg?1733224181'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1535816-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g004-550.jpg?1733224183'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1535816-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g005-550.jpg?1733224184'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1535816-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g006-550.jpg?1733224186'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1535816-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g007-550.jpg?1733224188'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1535816-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g001-550.jpg?1733224177" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Location of coring sites in Coringa mangroves, Godavari delta, southeast coast of India.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/53'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g002-550.jpg?1733224179" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Age–depth model and rate of sedimentation of core GL (<b>a</b>) and B (<b>b</b>). The blue violet plots represent the probability distributions of the calibrated ages at different depths based on the age–depth model. The wider sections of the violin plots indicate greater uncertainty at those depths. The red line shows the best-fit model (mean age–depth relationship), and the shaded region around it represents the uncertainty envelope (likely the 95% confidence interval).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/53'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g003-550.jpg?1733224181" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Summary Palynological diagram of GL core against age (cal yr BP). The timescale, supported with eight AMS 14 C dates is added to the left.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/53'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g004-550.jpg?1733224183" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Summary Palynological diagram of B core against age (cal yr BP). The timescale, supported with eight AMS 14 C dates is added to the left.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/53'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g005-550.jpg?1733224184" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Summary palynomorph percentage diagram with calibrated radiocarbon age (cal yr BP) and pollen accumulation rate (PAR) for cores GL and B.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/53'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g006-550.jpg?1733224186" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Temperature (T), moisture (M), aridity (A), and palynomarine index (PMI) for core GL and B.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/53'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00053/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00053-g007-550.jpg?1733224188" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Pejrup ternary diagram, Hydrodynamic state of (<b>A</b>) GL and (<b>B</b>) B sediment core.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/53'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1525973" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 25 pages, 11533 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/52/pdf?version=1732184818" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Hydroclimatic Changes Revealed by Multiple Proxies Since the Last Glacial Maximum from the Core Monsoon Zone of India" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/52">Hydroclimatic Changes Revealed by Multiple Proxies Since the Last Glacial Maximum from the Core Monsoon Zone of India</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohammad Firoze Quamar</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jyotsna Dubey</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pooja Tiwari</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Prasanta Kumar Das</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Biswajeet Thakur</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohammad Javed</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nagendra Prasad</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>M. E. T. Maneesha</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Satish J. Sangode</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 52; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040052">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040052</a> - 21 Nov 2024 </div> Viewed by 1349 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> We present multiproxy records from a 2.25-m-long lake sediment profile from central India, which suggested that between ~22,200 and 18,658 cal yr BP, the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) was weak, supporting open vegetation in a cool and dry climate, which is globally correlated <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/52/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> We present multiproxy records from a 2.25-m-long lake sediment profile from central India, which suggested that between ~22,200 and 18,658 cal yr BP, the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) was weak, supporting open vegetation in a cool and dry climate, which is globally correlated with the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The grain size data of this phase suggest low-energy conditions, indicating a weak ISM. Environmental magnetic concentration-dependent parameters also confirm this weakened ISM. Between ~18,658 and 7340 cal yr BP, the ISM underwent a notable increase, and open mixed tropical deciduous forests replaced the existing vegetation under a warm and moderately humid climate. Environmental magnetic parameters and the grain size data signal a shift toward higher energy levels, in harmony with the warm and moderately humid climate during this time span. Between ~7340 and 1960 cal yr BP, the ISM intensity further increased, which supported open mixed tropical deciduous forests with a rise in prominent tree species under a warm and a relatively more humid climate, correlated with the global Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO). The trends in environmental magnetic parameters and grain size data mirror this phase of climatic amelioration. From ~1961 cal yr BP to the present, the ISM has intensified, giving rise to dense mixed tropical deciduous forests under a warm and relatively more humid climate. Environmental magnetic parameters and the grain size data are in tandem with the palynogical findings from this phase of the ISM variability. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/52">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/quaternary/special_issues/F0NL3B6DY9 ">Vegetation Response to the Hydro-Climatic Changes during the Late Quaternary</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/52/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1525973"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1525973"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1525973" data-cycle-prev="#prev1525973" data-cycle-progressive="#images1525973" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1525973-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g001-550.jpg?1732184966" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1525973" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1525973-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g002-550.jpg?1732184968'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1525973-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g003-550.jpg?1732184970'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1525973-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g004-550.jpg?1732184971'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1525973-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g005-550.jpg?1732184974'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1525973-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g006-550.jpg?1732184975'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1525973-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g007-550.jpg?1732184979'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1525973-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g001-550.jpg?1732184966" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Geographical map of India showing Chhattisgarh State (<b>upper-left panel</b>), geographical map of Chhattisgarh State, central India showing the Koriya District (<b>upper-right panel</b>), and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and digital elevation model (DEM) showing the sampling site in the Koriya District (<b>lower panel</b>). <a href="#quaternary-07-00052-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a> was created using ArcGIS 10.3.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/52'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g002-550.jpg?1732184968" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Nearest CRU TS (version 4.06) data with 0.5 × 0.5 gridded climate data points for 1901–2021 showing mean monthly precipitation and temperature around the ANL of the Koriya District, Chhattisgarh State, central India. These data are 121-year climate averages for the period of 1901–2021; MAP = mean annual precipitation; MAT = mean annual temperature.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/52'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g003-550.jpg?1732184970" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Bayesian age-depth model of the ANL constructed using the R package rbacon [<a href="#B57-quaternary-07-00052" class="html-bibr">57</a>]). The blue bars indicate the <sup>14</sup>C age distribution, whereas the greyscale of the line graph reflects the likelihood and the dotted red line indicates the mean ages. Further details can be had by consulting the paper [<a href="#B49-quaternary-07-00052" class="html-bibr">49</a>]. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/52'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g004-550.jpg?1732184971" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Pollen diagram of tree taxa, shrubs and herbaceous taxa, as well as aquatic taxa, algal remains, marshy taxa, pteridophytic taxa, transported (drifted) taxa and fungal spores from the Anandpur Nursery Lake sediment profile, Koriya District, Chhattisgarh, central India. The pollen zones are designated with the initials ‘ANL’ after the name of the site of investigation: Anandpur Nursery Lake.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/52'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g005-550.jpg?1732184974" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Diagram showing the variations in the various grain size parameters from the ANL, Koriya District of Chhattisgarh State, central Indian CMZ.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/52'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g006-550.jpg?1732184975" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Diagram showing the variations in the various parameters of the environmental magnetism study from the ANL, Koriya District of Chhattisgarh State, central Indian CMZ.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/52'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00052/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00052-g007-550.jpg?1732184979" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram showing the evolution of the sedimentary environment (lake-level changes), as well as vegetation (dynamics) and the ISMR variability since the LGM in the central Indian CMZ. (OV = open vegetation; OMTDF: open mixed tropical deciduous forest; DMTDF: dense mixed tropical deciduous forest; LGM = Last Glacial Maximum; HCO = Holocene Climate Optimum).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/52'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1525699" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 8 pages, 290 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/51/pdf?version=1732171827" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Late Villafranchian Absence of Pigs in Europe. Comment on Iannucci, A. The Occurrence of Suids in the Post-Olduvai to Pre-Jaramillo Pleistocene of Europe and Implications for Late Villafranchian Biochronology and Faunal Dynamics. Quaternary 2024, 7, 11" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Comment</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/51">The Late Villafranchian Absence of Pigs in Europe. Comment on Iannucci, A. The Occurrence of Suids in the Post-Olduvai to Pre-Jaramillo Pleistocene of Europe and Implications for Late Villafranchian Biochronology and Faunal Dynamics. <i>Quaternary</i> 2024, <i>7,</i> 11</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Joan Madurell-Malapeira</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sergio Ros-Montoya</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>M. Patrocinio Espigares</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lorenzo Rook</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paul Palmqvist</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 51; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040051">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040051</a> - 21 Nov 2024 </div> Viewed by 936 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> On 2015, after the direct study of the most important Late Villafranchian fossil collections of Europe and Western Asia, including Orce (Spain), Pirro Nord and Upper Valdarno (Italy), Appollonia (Greece), Dmanisi (Georgia) and ‘Ubeidiya (Israel), among others, our team proposed the hypothesis that <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/51/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> On 2015, after the direct study of the most important Late Villafranchian fossil collections of Europe and Western Asia, including Orce (Spain), Pirro Nord and Upper Valdarno (Italy), Appollonia (Greece), Dmanisi (Georgia) and ‘Ubeidiya (Israel), among others, our team proposed the hypothesis that suids disappeared from Europe during the time span between 1.8 and 1.2 Ma. The implications of our conclusions were significant, the arrival of Early <i>Homo</i> into Western Europe, dated to 1.4 Ma at the site of Barranco León in Orce (Spain), preceded the return of pigs into the continent at 1.2 Ma. This hypothesis has been recently challenged because of the finding of an incomplete metatarsal ascribed to <i>Sus</i> sp., with no clear stratigraphic origin, found in the XIX Century Croizet collection of Peyrolles (France), which is housed in the Natural History Museum, London, together with other weak arguments based on the absence of reliable dating for many Early Pleistocene European sites, and other hypothetical records of pigs, with no real fossil support. We answer all these questions and defend that our 2015 hypothesis is correct. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/51">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1523159" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 6306 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/50/pdf?version=1731917311" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Evolution of Long-Range Hunting with Stone-Tipped Weapons During the Afrotropic Middle Stone Age: A Testable Framework Based on Tip Cross-Sectional Area" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/50">The Evolution of Long-Range Hunting with Stone-Tipped Weapons During the Afrotropic Middle Stone Age: A Testable Framework Based on Tip Cross-Sectional Area</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yonatan Sahle</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marlize Lombard</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 50; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040050">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040050</a> - 18 Nov 2024 </div> Viewed by 641 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In the Afrotropic biogeographic realm, with its diverse and high-density mammal population, early humans may have been hunting with stone-tipped weapons since ~500,000 years ago. Being able to hunt effectively from a distance has several important adaptive advantages. Yet, until now, African long-range <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/50/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In the Afrotropic biogeographic realm, with its diverse and high-density mammal population, early humans may have been hunting with stone-tipped weapons since ~500,000 years ago. Being able to hunt effectively from a distance has several important adaptive advantages. Yet, until now, African long-range javelin hunting remained unexplored as intermediate between short/medium-range, hand-delivered and long-range, mechanically projected weapons. Insights gained from a new Afrotropic comparative dataset with 950 weapon tips of known use—including several javelin types—provide a contextually appropriate middle-range tool for assessing the probable effective hunting ranges of Middle Stone Age points. We use a novel application of the ballistically relevant tip cross-sectional area (TCSA) statistic to define contact, short-, medium-, long- and maximum-range hunting and discuss the adaptive advantages for each. The approach is applied to suggest developments and variations in the best-fit hunting ranges of 5597 stone points from 62 Middle Stone Age Afrotropic assemblages. By aligning our results with the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) record we hypothesize that effective long-range (~20–30 m) hunting with stone-tipped weapons was probably not practiced by ≥MIS 8, and that experimentation with long-range javelins—similar to those used by contemporary Ethiopian hunters—over these distances may have started during MIS 6, becoming part of the everyday Afrotropic hunting arsenal by the end of MIS 5. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/50">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/50/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1523159"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1523159"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1523159" data-cycle-prev="#prev1523159" data-cycle-progressive="#images1523159" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1523159-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00050/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00050-g001-550.jpg?1731917403" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1523159" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1523159-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00050/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00050-g002-550.jpg?1731917407'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1523159-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00050/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00050-g003-550.jpg?1731917410'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1523159-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00050/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00050-g001-550.jpg?1731917403" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>Top</b>): Archaeological sites in the Afrotropics from which assemblages were included in this study (<a href="#app1-quaternary-07-00050" class="html-app">SOM Table S2</a>). (<b>Bottom</b>): Biogeographic realms in Miklos Udvardy’s system (base map adapted from: Carol, CC BY-SA 3.0, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/</a> (accessed on 17 June 2024) with data for mammal species and density added by ML from Burgin et al. [<a href="#B51-quaternary-07-00050" class="html-bibr">51</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/50'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00050/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00050-g002-550.jpg?1731917407" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Top left: A satellite image of the immediate K’one landscape today with the caldera plateau to the east and a land bridge separating the larger and smaller calderas northeast of the site (red pin) that may have functioned as a natural game funnel. Top right: The steep-walled caldera rim. Bottom left: The Middle Stone Age excavation on the flank of the K’one volcanic edifice (Site photos by Williams [<a href="#B63-quaternary-07-00050" class="html-bibr">63</a>]). Bottom right: Points from the K’one MIS 4 context.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/50'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00050/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00050-g003-550.jpg?1731917410" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>Top left</b>): The greater Sibudu Cave landscape today. (<b>Top right</b>): View of the surrounding landscape from within the large rock shelter. (<b>Bottom left</b>): A blue duiker, the most hunted species during MIS 4 at Sibudu (photo Derek Keats, CC BY-SA 2.0). (<b>Bottom right</b>) backed artefacts and quartz points used for hunting at Sibudu (for use-wear and residue analyses of these artefacts see [<a href="#B11-quaternary-07-00050" class="html-bibr">11</a>,<a href="#B12-quaternary-07-00050" class="html-bibr">12</a>]).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/50'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1519077" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 3429 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/49/pdf?version=1731405767" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Were Neanderthals the First Collectors? First Evidence Recovered in Level 4 of the Prado Vargas Cave, Cornejo, Burgos and Spain" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/49">Were Neanderthals the First Collectors? First Evidence Recovered in Level 4 of the Prado Vargas Cave, Cornejo, Burgos and Spain</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marta Navazo Ruiz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alfonso Benito-Calvo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>María Carmen Lozano-Francisco</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rodrigo Alonso Alcalde</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pedro Alonso García</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Héctor de la Fuente Juez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marta Santamaría Diez</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paula Cristóbal Cubillo</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 49; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040049">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040049</a> - 12 Nov 2024 </div> Viewed by 9858 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Collecting is a form of leisure, and even a passion, consisting of collecting, preserving and displaying objects. When we look for its origin in the literature, we are taken back to “the appearance of writing and the fixing of knowledge”, specifically with the <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Collecting is a form of leisure, and even a passion, consisting of collecting, preserving and displaying objects. When we look for its origin in the literature, we are taken back to “the appearance of writing and the fixing of knowledge”, specifically with the Assyrian King Ashurbanipal (7th century BC, Mesopotamia), and his fondness for collecting books, which in his case were in the form of clay tablets. This is not, however, a true reflection, for we have evidence of much earlier collectors. The curiosity and interest in keeping stones or fossils of different colors and shapes, as manuports, is as old as we are. For decades we have had evidence of objects of no utilitarian value in Neanderthal homes. Several European sites have shown that these Neanderthal groups treasured objects that attracted their attention. On some occasions, these objects may have been modified to make a personal ornament and may even have been integrated into subsistence activities such as grinders or hammers. Normally, one or two such specimens are found but, to date, no Neanderthal cave or camp has yielded as many as the N4 level of Prado Vargas Cave. In the N4 Mousterian level of Prado Vargas, 15 specimens of Upper Cretaceous marine fossils belonging to the Gryphaeidae, Pectinidae, Cardiidae, Pholadomyidae, Pleurotomariidae, Tylostomatidae and Diplopodiidae families were found in the context of clay and autochthonous cave sediments. During MIS 3, a group of Neanderthals transported at least fifteen marine fossils, which were collected from various Cretaceous units located in the surrounding area, to the Prado Vargas cave. The fossils, with one exception, show no evidence of having been used as tools; thus, their presence in the cave could be attributed to collecting activities. These activities could have been motivated by numerous tangible and intangible causes, which suggest that collecting activities and the associated abstract thinking were present in Neanderthals before the arrival of modern humans. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/49">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1519077"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1519077"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1519077" data-cycle-prev="#prev1519077" data-cycle-progressive="#images1519077" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1519077-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g001-550.jpg?1731405931" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1519077" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1519077-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g002-550.jpg?1731405933'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1519077-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g003-550.jpg?1731405934'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1519077-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g004-550.jpg?1731405937'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1519077-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g005-550.jpg?1731405938'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1519077-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g006-550.jpg?1731405938'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1519077-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g001-550.jpg?1731405931" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Map of the archaeological sites mentioned in the text. 1, West Tofts; 2, Swanscomb; 3, Bedford; 4, Beaunesque; 5, Saint Acheul; 6, Bléville; 7, Roche au Loup; 8, Grotta du Renne; 9, Grotte de L’Hyene; 10, Saint Cesaire; 11, La Ferrasie; 12, Combe Grenal; 13, Pech de L’Aze I; 14, Chez-Pourré-Chez-Comte; 15, Lunel-Viel; 16, Arlanpe; 17, Prado Vargas; 18, Cueva Antón; 19, Cueva de los Aviones; 20, Cueva de la Carihuela; 21, Tata; 22, Bordul Mare Cave; 23, Erfoud.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/49'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g002-550.jpg?1731405933" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Geological and geographical situation of Prado Vargas site. (<b>A</b>) Geographical situation in the Iberian Peninsula. (<b>B</b>) Main geological units. (<b>C</b>) Topographical location. (<b>D</b>) Geological units and structures around Prado Vargas cave (after Ramírez del Pozo et al., 1978 [<a href="#B29-quaternary-07-00049" class="html-bibr">29</a>]). Legend: 1, Sandstones and limonite (Early Cretaceous, Albian), 2, Carbonated sandstones and sandy limestones (Late Cretaceous, Lower Cenomanian), 3, Marls and clayey limestones (Late Cretaceous, Upper-Middle Cenomanian), 4, Limestones and clayey limestones (Late Cretaceous, Lower Turonian), 5, Marls and clayey limestones (Late Cretaceous, Turonian-Lower Coniacian), 6, Limestones and dolostones (Late Cretaceous, Middle-Upper Coniacian), 7, Limestones and clayey limestones (Late Cretaceous, Lower Santonian), 8, Limestones and marls (Late Cretaceous, Middle-Upper Santonian), 9, Sandy Limestones (Late Cretaceous, Campanian), 10, Green claystone (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian), 11, Limestones and sandy limestones (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian), 12, Gravels, sands and clays (Quaternary), 13, Faults, 14, Thrust, 15, Syncline, 16, Anticline.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/49'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g003-550.jpg?1731405934" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of archaeological record from Level 4.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/49'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g004-550.jpg?1731405937" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Marine fossils from Level 4. (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">Pholadomya gigantea</span> (Sowerby, 1836) (PV18 H29 159); (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">Granocardium productum</span> (Sowerby, 1832) (PV22 9047); (<b>C</b>) <span class="html-italic">Pleurotomaria</span> sp. (PV20 F27); (<b>D</b>) Tetragramma variolare (Brongniart, 1822) (PV19 G27).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/49'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g005-550.jpg?1731405938" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Marine fossils from Level 4. (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">Tylostoma ovatum</span> Sharpe, 1849. (PV17 G28 112); (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">Tylostoma ovatum</span> Sharpe, 1849 (PV17 G28 112) in situ; (<b>C</b>) <span class="html-italic">Tylostoma ovatum</span> Sharpe, 1849 (PV21 7804); (<b>D</b>) <span class="html-italic">Tylostoma cossoni</span> Thomas and Peron, 1889 (PV22 8767).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/49'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00049/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00049-g006-550.jpg?1731405938" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Marine fossils from Level 4. (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">Tylostoma</span> sp. (PV20 5239); (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">Tylostoma</span> sp. (PV18 H30 196); (<b>C</b>) <span class="html-italic">Tylostoma</span> sp. (PV21 7515).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/49'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1515680" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 23 pages, 2662 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/48/pdf?version=1730961830" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Old and New Approaches in Rock Art: Using Animal Motifs to Identify Palaeohabitats" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/48">Old and New Approaches in Rock Art: Using Animal Motifs to Identify Palaeohabitats</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mirte Korpershoek</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sally C. Reynolds</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marcin Budka</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Philip Riris</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 48; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040048">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040048</a> - 7 Nov 2024 </div> Viewed by 1509 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Humans are well known to have made paintings and engravings on rock surfaces, both geometric motifs with an unclear representation, and representative motifs that refer to their activities and aspects of their environment. This kind of art is widespread across time and space <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/48/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Humans are well known to have made paintings and engravings on rock surfaces, both geometric motifs with an unclear representation, and representative motifs that refer to their activities and aspects of their environment. This kind of art is widespread across time and space and has throughout history been subjected to various kinds of approaches. Typically, rock art research focuses on its role in the development of the hominin brain and the capability of abstract thinking, as well as on interpreting representative and non-representative motifs. Ethnography and cognitive research have often stressed that rock art is the result of ritual practises and the expression of a shamanic belief system. However, representative motifs may also shed light on a region’s ecological and human prehistory. Here, we give an overview of the general development of rock art study: we highlight the development of artistic behaviour in humans by discussing aesthetic preferences, and the creation of simple geometric motifs and eventually representative motifs, before describing the theories that developed from the earliest study of rock art. These have largely focused on classification and interpretation of the motifs, and often centred on Palaeolithic material from Europe. We then move on to discuss how ethnography among rock art creating communities often suggests important relationships between specific animals in both the realms of spiritual belief systems and within the local environment. Lastly, we highlight how rock art reflects the local penecontemporaneous environment when it comes to depictions of animals, plants, technologies, humans and their activities. We argue that animal depictions are a useful subject to study on a large scale, as it is the most widespread representative motif, and the most appropriate subject to study when the goal is to draw conclusions on environmental changes. Rock art can fill gaps in the local archaeological record and generate new questions of it, but also offer new insights into the history of local human–animal interaction: animal species depicted and/or referred to in rock art are likely to have been a selection of spiritually important animals and a comparison to known information on human interactions with local species may reveal patterns among which animals are selected for local rock art depictions and which are not. Interregional comparison can in turn shed light on whether humans in general tend to ascribe meaning to the same types of animals. We end the review with suggestions for future study, with a special role for computational methods, which are suitable for the analysis of large databases of visual imagery. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/48">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/48/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1515680"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1515680"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1515680" data-cycle-prev="#prev1515680" data-cycle-progressive="#images1515680" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g001-550.jpg?1730962016" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1515680" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g002-550.jpg?1730962016'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g003-550.jpg?1730962018'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g004-550.jpg?1730962019'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g005-550.jpg?1730962019'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g006-550.jpg?1730962022'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g007-550.jpg?1730962022'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g008-550.jpg?1730962023'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g009-550.jpg?1730962023'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g010-550.jpg?1730962024'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1515680-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g011-550.jpg?1730962025'><p>Figure 11</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1515680-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g001-550.jpg?1730962016" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>A trace of the crosshatch carved into a shell at Trinil, likely by a Homo erectus. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Joordens et al. [<a href="#B15-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">15</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g002-550.jpg?1730962016" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>A trace of the motif painted in red ochre from the Iberian Peninsula, likely by Neanderthals. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Hoffmann et al. [<a href="#B16-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">16</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g003-550.jpg?1730962018" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>A timeline of the earliest occurrences of geometric and animal motifs in rock art on each continent. The X-axis is based on a logarithmic scale (base 10). Images by Mirte Korpershoek, traced from the following citations: [<a href="#B15-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">15</a>,<a href="#B18-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">18</a>,<a href="#B19-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">19</a>,<a href="#B20-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">20</a>,<a href="#B23-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">23</a>,<a href="#B24-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">24</a>,<a href="#B25-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">25</a>,<a href="#B26-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">26</a>,<a href="#B27-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">27</a>,<a href="#B28-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B30-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">30</a>,<a href="#B31-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">31</a>]. The oldest example of non-representational rock art from Oceania is a painted rock fragment, not suitable for tracing.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g004-550.jpg?1730962019" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>A trace of the depiction of a pig figure from Indonesia, now possibly the oldest depiction of an animal in rock art. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Oktaviana et al. [<a href="#B23-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">23</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g005-550.jpg?1730962019" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>A trace of the depiction of an unknown quadruped from a slab of stone at Apollo 11 Cave, Namibia. The oldest depiction of an animal in Africa. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Wendt [<a href="#B27-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">27</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g006-550.jpg?1730962022" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>A trace of an eland antelope depiction from the East Cape Province, South Africa. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Lewis-Williams [<a href="#B7-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">7</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g007-550.jpg?1730962022" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>A trace of a rainbow serpent depiction in Australian rock art. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Chippindale and Taçon [<a href="#B49-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">49</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g008-550.jpg?1730962023" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>A trace of a human figure using a long-necked spear thrower in a conflict scene in Australian rock art. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Hayward [<a href="#B91-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">91</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g009-550.jpg?1730962023" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>A trace of the geometric motif from Pinwheel Cave, now believed to be a depiction of the hallucinogenic Datura plant. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Robinson et al. [<a href="#B102-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">102</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g010-550.jpg?1730962024" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>A trace of a depiction of a therianthrope in San rock art, possibly mid-transformation. Trace by Mirte Korpershoek. Traced from the original image in Blundell and Lewis-Williams [<a href="#B105-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">105</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00048/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00048-g011-550.jpg?1730962025" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>A trace of a depiction of European colonists wearing hats and smoking pipes in Australian rock art. Copyright M. Korpershoek. Traced from the original photograph by Sally K. May [<a href="#B104-quaternary-07-00048" class="html-bibr">104</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/48'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1508094" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 32 pages, 14028 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/47/pdf?version=1730106004" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="A Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Lake Vrana on the Island of Cres (Croatia) Based on the Geochemistry and Mineralogy of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sediments" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/47">A Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Lake Vrana on the Island of Cres (Croatia) Based on the Geochemistry and Mineralogy of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sediments</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nikolina Ilijanić</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Slobodan Miko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ozren Hasan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dea Brunović</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Martina Šparica Miko</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Saša Mesić</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 47; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040047">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040047</a> - 28 Oct 2024 </div> Viewed by 655 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> A 7.4 m long sediment core has been retrieved from the central part of Lake Vrana on the island of Cres to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions. Lake Vrana is the deepest freshwater lake in Croatia, located in the karst region of the eastern <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/47/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> A 7.4 m long sediment core has been retrieved from the central part of Lake Vrana on the island of Cres to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions. Lake Vrana is the deepest freshwater lake in Croatia, located in the karst region of the eastern Adriatic coast. A dated sediment sequence in Lake Vrana of 4.4 m has spanned the past 16.4 kyr, and it featured a dynamic sediment deposition until the beginning of the Holocene, including strong sediment input and supply to the lake by runoff sediments of dolomitic origin from the catchment in the period 16.4–14.4 cal kyr BP. High organic carbon content, which originates from mixed terrestrial and aquatic origins in the periods 14.4–13.3 cal kyr BP and 12.7–11.7 cal kyr BP, indicates fluctuating lake levels in shallow water environments during the Late Glacial to Holocene transition. The Holocene sequence indicates the development of more stable conditions and continuous sediment deposition, characterized by an increasing trend of siliciclastic sediments delivered into the lake during the early Holocene (11.7–10 cal kyr BP) and dominantly from 8 to 4.4 cal kyr BP, indicating enhanced input and erosion, which coincides with the humid and pluvial period recorded in the central Mediterranean region. It is followed by sediments with high organic carbon content between 4.4 and 1.6 cal kyr BP, which points to higher lake productivity. Calcite sedimentation prevailed between 1.6 to 0.4 cal kyr BP, indicating stable deeper-lake conditions. Predominantly, siliciclastic sediments from 0.4 to 0.1 cal kyr BP pointed to erosion during the Little Ice Age (LIA), with enhanced precipitation and sediment discharge from the catchment. The re-establishment of calcite sedimentation has been observed over the last 100 years. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/47">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/47/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1508094"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1508094"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1508094" data-cycle-prev="#prev1508094" data-cycle-progressive="#images1508094" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g001-550.jpg?1730106098" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1508094" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g002-550.jpg?1730106100'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g003-550.jpg?1730106104'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g004-550.jpg?1730106106'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g005-550.jpg?1730106108'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g006-550.jpg?1730106110'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g007-550.jpg?1730106112'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g008-550.jpg?1730106114'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g009-550.jpg?1730106115'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g010-550.jpg?1730106117'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g011-550.jpg?1730106118'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g012-550.jpg?1730106119'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g013-550.jpg?1730106124'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g014-550.jpg?1730106126'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g015-550.jpg?1730106128'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1508094-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g016-550.jpg?1730106130'><p>Figure 16</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1508094-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g001-550.jpg?1730106098" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Location of Lake Vrana on the island of Cres in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, centered in the black rectangle. (<b>B</b>) Bathymetric map of Lake Vrana (in absolute depths), with the location of sediment cores (VR-1A, VR-2, VJ-8, VJ-10, CS-5, CS-9, and CS-P). (<b>B</b>,<b>C</b>) A geological map of Lake Vrana (modified from 36). The surficial catchment area is outlined in a blue line, and Quaternary sediments (Q) are marked in gray on the northern and southern shores of the lake. Geological units with dolomite (SIS and HR) are highlighted with black lines. Geological lithostratigraphic units shown on the map: DR—Valanginian to Hauterivian micrite Dragozetići limestones; CR—Upper Hauterivian to Barremian Cres limestones, dolomites, stromatolites, breccias, and emerged surface alterations; KA—Aptian Kanfanar limestones; PO—Upper Aptian–Lower Albian Porozina breccia and limestones; CN—Albian Crna limestones with emersion breccias; HR—Upper Albian Hrasta dolomites; SIS—Upper Albian–Lower Cenomanian alteration of Sis dolomites and limestones with relict stromatolites, breccia, and bauxite infillings; VR—Lower Cenomanian Vrana limestones; BE—Lower to Middle Cenomanian Belej pelagic limestones; NI—Cenomanian Niska limestones; SD—Upper Cenomanian to Turonian Sveti Duh pelagic limestones; GH—Turonian to Coniacian Gornji Humac limestones; FV—Lower to Mid Eocene foraminiferal limestones [<a href="#B36-quaternary-07-00047" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g002-550.jpg?1730106100" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Schematic overview of Lake Vrana on the island of Cres in the profile (red line on the map) with the collapsed sinkhole and projected sediment core VR-1A (both not to scale). The dotted blue lines represent the average lake level (12.7 m a.s.l.), the lowest lake level (9 m a.s.l.), and the highest lake level (16 m a.s.l.). Sample VALUN-6 outside of the catchment (blue line on the map) is marked on the small map.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g003-550.jpg?1730106104" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) View of the Lake Vrana from the south. (<b>B</b>) Alluvial fan in the southern shores of Lake Vrana marked in white rectangle, where are sediment cores CS-5, CS-6 and 9, and profile CS-P are located. (<b>C</b>) Areal images of the southern shore of Lake Vrana, with marked sediment cores in the alluvial fan and core VR-1A. Note the bare karst relief on the southern part of the lake catchment.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g004-550.jpg?1730106106" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Outcrop of CS-P profile in the intermittent stream bed in an alluvial fan on the southern shores of Lake Vrana. The orange line represents the identified layer with pottery fragments correlated to this layer in the N-4 profile in the SSW shores of the lake. White dotted line is determined hiatus in deposition. Black circles represent three dated points, circled in depth–age model. (<b>B</b>) Linear depth–age model, indicating the age of the sediments in the CS-P profile, apparently containing depositional hiatus below the contact between colluvial and loess-like sediments at 2.28 m depth because of the big age difference between the dates at 1.75 and 2.31 m.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g005-550.jpg?1730106108" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Age–depth models of sediment cores from the center of the lake (VR-1A) and on the southern shores of the lake (CS-5 and CS-9). Calibrated <sup>14</sup>C ages are highlighted with black arrows, while the red arrow and date point in core CS-9 indicates a reversed date. The horizontal gray-shaded rectangles represent the same erosional event, and the topmost erosion in core VR-1a is marked by an orange rectangle. (<b>B</b>) Sedimentation rates of analyzed cores.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g006-550.jpg?1730106110" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Sediment lightness (<span class="html-italic">L*</span>) and magnetic susceptibility (MS2C and MS2E; k<sub>LF</sub>) throughout the complete sediment core VR-1A 0–7.37 m, with indicated dated intervals and ages as well as identified units (in m). The red dashed line at 4.4 m represents the upper section of the core analyzed in detail, where zones are distinguished (in red numbers). Selected sediment images are shown on the right.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g007-550.jpg?1730106112" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Downcore variation in core VR-1A (0–4.4 m) grain size, mass magnetic susceptibility (χlf), frequency-dependent MS (χfd), and selected geochemical elements (Al, K, Na, Mg, Sr, Ca, TIC, and TOC) with zones.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g008-550.jpg?1730106114" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>). Semi-quantitative mineralogical composition of the sediment core VR-1A, with identified zones shown on the right (in m). (<b>B</b>). XRD patterns of selected samples for different diagnostic tests (explained in methods) for clay mineral composition. Abbreviations: Qtz—quartz, Dol—dolomite, Cal—calcite, Pl—plagioclase, Arg—aragonite, Kfs—K-feldspar, Ms/I—muscovite/illite, Kln—kaolinite, Chl—chlorite, Sm—smectite, and HIV—hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g009-550.jpg?1730106115" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Geochemical records (Al and Ca) of the short cores VJ-8 and VJ-10, compared to VJ-1A, for the undisturbed topmost sediment sequence (&lt;0.86 m). Age was determined using core VJ-8. The gray background in all cores marks the carbonate zones, lower and uppermost, recorded in the sediments.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g010-550.jpg?1730106117" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Magnetic susceptibility parameters (χlf and χfd) and selected geochemical elements down-core variations in the sediment core CS-5, with dated samples on the left and zones on the right. The mineralogical composition is shown within these zones. The black rectangles represent the samples analyzed for clay minerals. Abbreviations: c.m.—clay minerals, Qtz—quartz, Dol—dolomite, Fs—feldspar, Ms/I—muscovite/illite, A—amphibole, Chl—chlorite, HIV—hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, Ill—illite, and Kln—kaolinite.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g011-550.jpg?1730106118" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Magnetic susceptibility parameters (χlf and χfd) and selected geochemical elements down-core variations in the sediment core CS-9, with dated samples on the left and zones on the right. The age marked in red was rejected as the reversed date. The mineralogical composition is shown within these zones. The black rectangles represent the samples analyzed for clay minerals. Abbreviations: c.m.—clay minerals, Qtz—quartz, Dol—dolomite, Cal—calcite, Ms/I—muscovite/illite, A—amphibole, Fs—feldspar, Chl—chlorite, HIV—hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, Ill—illite, and Kln—kaolinite.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g012-550.jpg?1730106119" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Magnetic susceptibility parameters (χlf and χfd) and selected geochemical elements down-core variations in the profile CS-P, with dated samples and determined hiatus with double dotted line on the left, and zones on the right (1–3). The mineralogical composition is shown within these zones. The black rectangles represent the samples analyzed for clay minerals. Abbreviations: c.m.—clay minerals, Qtz—quartz, Dol—dolomite, Cal—calcite, Ms/I—muscovite/illite, A—amphibole, Fs—feldspar, Chl—chlorite, Sm—smectite, I-S—illite-smectite, HIV—hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, Ill—illite, and Kln—kaolinite.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g013-550.jpg?1730106124" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Maps of the sea-level rise during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene and the position of Lake Vrana on the island of Cres in the northern Adriatic Sea on the eastern Adriatic coast. (<b>A</b>) The sea-level curve for the last 100 kyrs (modified from [<a href="#B30-quaternary-07-00047" class="html-bibr">30</a>]. (<b>B</b>) The sea level was ~90 m lower than today, at approximately 14 kyrs ago. (<b>C</b>) The sea level was ~40 m lower than today, at approximately 10 kyrs ago. (<b>D</b>) Present sea level and coastline.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g014-550.jpg?1730106126" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Variation in geochemical elements and TOC in core VR-1A with defined zones. Gray-shaded backgrounds show climatic events during the Late Glacial and Holocene periods. Temperatures are from the Greenland ice core (GISP-2, [<a href="#B65-quaternary-07-00047" class="html-bibr">65</a>]) and sea surface temperature from the Adriatic Sea (SSR April–May, [<a href="#B64-quaternary-07-00047" class="html-bibr">64</a>]). The estimated sea-level (esl) curve is projected from [<a href="#B31-quaternary-07-00047" class="html-bibr">31</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g015-550.jpg?1730106128" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Scatterplots of the Mg to Ca (<b>A</b>) and Na to Al (<b>B</b>) ratios in the sediment cores (VR-1A red color, CS-5 blue color, and CS-9 green color) and profile CS-P (purple color). For explanation of circles in different colors see the text.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00047/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00047-g016-550.jpg?1730106130" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>The main geochemical elements (Al, Mg, and Ca) with clay mineralogical composition in sediments from CS-P, CS-5, CS-9, and VR-1A and marked possible source material based on clay mineral assemblages. Note that the core depths are not on the same scale as the altitude on the left side. Clay minerals abbreviations are the same as in previous figures. Question marks (?) are referred to undetermined clay mineral composition in deeper parts of the profile CS-P.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1503817" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 4996 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/46/pdf?version=1729586458" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Characterization of Heavy Minerals and Their Possible Sources in Quaternary Alluvial and Beach Sediments by an Integration of Microanalytical Data and Spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman and UV-Vis)" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/46">Characterization of Heavy Minerals and Their Possible Sources in Quaternary Alluvial and Beach Sediments by an Integration of Microanalytical Data and Spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman and UV-Vis)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Adel A. Surour</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Amira M. El-Tohamy</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 46; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040046">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040046</a> - 22 Oct 2024 </div> Viewed by 708 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Quaternary stream sediments and beach black sand in north-western Saudi Arabia (namely Wadi Thalbah, Wadi Haramil and Wadi Al Miyah) are characterized by the enrichment of heavy minerals. Concentrates of the heavy minerals in two size fractions (63–125 μm and 125–250 μm) are <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/46/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Quaternary stream sediments and beach black sand in north-western Saudi Arabia (namely Wadi Thalbah, Wadi Haramil and Wadi Al Miyah) are characterized by the enrichment of heavy minerals. Concentrates of the heavy minerals in two size fractions (63–125 μm and 125–250 μm) are considered as potential sources of “strategic” accessory minerals. A combination of mineralogical, geochemical and spectroscopic data of opaque and non-opaque minerals is utilized as clues for provenance. ThO<sub>2</sub> (up to 17.46 wt%) is correlated with UO<sub>2</sub> (up to 7.18 wt%), indicating a possible uranothorite solid solution in zircon. Hafnoan zircon (3.6–5.75 wt% HfO<sub>2</sub>) is a provenance indicator that indicates a granitic source, mostly highly fractionated granite. In addition, monazite characterizes the same felsic provenance with rare-earth element oxides (La, Ce, Nd and Sm amounting) up to 67.88 wt%. These contents of radionuclides and rare-earth elements assigned the investigated zircon and monazite as “strategic” minerals. In the bulk black sand, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (up to 0.36 wt%) and ZrO<sub>2</sub> (0.57 wt%) are correlated with percentages of magnetite and zircon. Skeletal or star-shaped Ti-magnetite is derived from the basaltic flows. Mn-bearing ilmenite, with up to 5.5 wt% MnO, is derived from the metasediments. The Fourier-transform infrared transmittance (FTIR) spectra indicate lattice vibrational modes of non-opaque silicate heavy minerals, e.g., amphiboles. In addition, the FTIR spectra show O-H vibrational stretching that is related to magnetite and Fe-oxyhydroxides, particularly in the magnetic fraction. Raman data indicate a Verwey transition in the spectrum of magnetite, which is partially replaced by possible ferrite/wüstite during the measurements. The Raman shifts at 223 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 460 cm<sup>−1</sup> indicate O-Ti-O symmetric stretching vibration and asymmetric stretching vibration of Fe-O bonding in the FeO<sub>6</sub> octahedra, respectively. The ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectra confirm the dominance of ferric iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) as well as some Si<sup>4+</sup> transitions of magnetite (226 and 280 nm) in the opaque-rich fractions. Non-opaque heavy silicates such as hornblende and ferrohornblende are responsible for the 192 nm intensity band. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/46">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/quaternary/special_issues/MI1111A8FW ">Past Practice and Future Prospects in Coastal Environmental Reconstructions</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/46/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1503817"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1503817"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1503817" data-cycle-prev="#prev1503817" data-cycle-progressive="#images1503817" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1503817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g001-550.jpg?1729586578" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1503817" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1503817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g002-550.jpg?1729586582'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1503817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g003-550.jpg?1729586583'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1503817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g004-550.jpg?1729586586'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1503817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g005-550.jpg?1729586589'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1503817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g006-550.jpg?1729586591'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1503817-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g007-550.jpg?1729586593'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1503817-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g001-550.jpg?1729586578" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Location map of the study area in north-western Saudi Arabia; (<b>b</b>) Sample locations in three investigated wadis shown on a Google-based satellite image; (<b>c</b>) Modified geological map of Al Wajh quadrangle based on lithological boundaries from [<a href="#B32-quaternary-07-00046" class="html-bibr">32</a>] and updated nomenclature from [<a href="#B30-quaternary-07-00046" class="html-bibr">30</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/46'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g002-550.jpg?1729586582" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Opaque minerals in the heavy concentrates. (<b>a</b>) Skeletal Ti-bearing magnetite (Ti-Mag) and titanite (Ttn), coarse black sand, Wadi Thalbah; (<b>b</b>) Homogeneous ilmenite (Ilm) partly replaced by sub-graphic intergrowth of rutile and hematite (RH), coarse black sand, Wadi Thalbah; (<b>c</b>) Homogeneous ilmenite (Ilm) with continuous titanite reaction rim (Tnt), fine black sand, Wadi Thalbah. (<b>d</b>) Freshness and euhedrality of homogeneous ilmenite (Ilm), fine black sand, Wadi Thalbah; (<b>e</b>) Coarse-trellis ilmenite (Ilm)-magnetite (Mag) intergrowth, fine wadi alluvium, Wadi Al Miyah. (<b>f</b>) Banded ilmenite (Ilm)-magnetite (Mag) intergrowth, fine wadi alluvium, Wadi Al Miyah; (<b>g</b>) Fine exsolved ilmenite (Ilm) confined to the (111) octahedral planes in host magnetite (Mag) forming fine network intergrowth, coarse wadi alluvium, Wadi Haramil; (<b>h</b>) Alteration of pyrite (Py) to goethite (Gth) along fractures and peripheries, coarse wadi alluvium, Wadi Haramil.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/46'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g003-550.jpg?1729586583" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Binary relationships of some major oxides in the heavy concentrates whole-fractions (magnetic and non-magnetic).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/46'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g004-550.jpg?1729586586" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>BSE images and spectral analyses of non-opaque accessory minerals from black sand from Wadi Thalbah. (<b>a</b>) Secondary titanite (Tnt) forms at the expense of Ti-bearing magnetite (Ti-Mag); (<b>b</b>) Fractured euhedral zircon (Zrn); (<b>c</b>) Fractured anhedral zircon (Zrn); (<b>d</b>) Interlocked silicate (grey) and magnetite (Mag) with minute inclusions of monazite (Mnz). A red Astrix is added to indicate exact position of analysis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/46'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g005-550.jpg?1729586589" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>BSE images and spectral analyses of non-opaque accessory minerals from the wadi alluvium. (<b>a</b>) Extremely fine zircon (Zrn) at the peripheral zone of coarse hornblende (Hbl), fine fraction, Wadi Thalbah; (<b>b</b>) Subhedral U- and Th-bearing monazite (Mnz), fine fraction, Wadi Thalbah; (<b>c</b>) Anhedral zoned zircon (Zrn), fine fraction Wadi Al Miyah; (<b>d</b>) Fractured anhedral zircon (Zrn), coarse fraction, Wadi Al Miyah. A red Astrix is added to indicate exact position of analysis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/46'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g006-550.jpg?1729586591" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>FTIR spectra of the heavy concentrates. (<b>a</b>) Bulk/whole-fraction (magnetic and non-magnetic); (<b>b</b>) Three representative magnetic fractions. (1) Fine black sand, Wadi Thalbah, (2) Coarse black sand, Wadi Thalbah, (3) Fine wadi alluvium, Wadi Al Miyah, (4) Fine wadi alluvium, Wadi Thalbah, (5) Coarse black sand, Wadi Thalbah, and (6) Coarse wadi alluvium, Wadi Haramil.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/46'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00046/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00046-g007-550.jpg?1729586593" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Raman and UV spectra of the whole-fraction heavy concentrates. (<b>a</b>) Raman spectra; (<b>b</b>) UV spectra up to 400 nm; (<b>c</b>) UV spectra up to 2500 nm. (1) Fine black sand, Wadi Thalbah, (2) Coarse black sand, Wadi Thalbah, (3) Fine wadi alluvium, Wadi Al Miyah, (4) Fine wadi alluvium, Wadi Thalbah, (5) Coarse black sand, Wadi Thalbah, and (6) Coarse wadi alluvium, Wadi Haramil.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/46'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1500616" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 6063 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/45/pdf?version=1729156987" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Holocene Climatic Changes in the Negev Desert (Israel): Pollen and Stable Isotopes (13C/12C and 15N/14N) Records from Atzmaut and Ramon I Zoogenic Deposits" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/45">Holocene Climatic Changes in the Negev Desert (Israel): Pollen and Stable Isotopes (<sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N) Records from Atzmaut and Ramon I Zoogenic Deposits</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anna Babenko</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 45; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040045">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040045</a> - 17 Oct 2024 </div> Viewed by 607 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Two zoogenic deposits from the central part of the Negev Desert (Israel) were investigated by stable isotopes (carbon <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C and nitrogen <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N) and pollen analyses. The merger of these data and results of radiocarbon dating of Atzmaut <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/45/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Two zoogenic deposits from the central part of the Negev Desert (Israel) were investigated by stable isotopes (carbon <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C and nitrogen <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N) and pollen analyses. The merger of these data and results of radiocarbon dating of Atzmaut and Ramon I deposits enabled us to reconstruct climate and vegetation changes in the Negev Desert over the past 8500 years. Decrease of the δ<sup>13</sup>C value in plant remains is a sensitive indicator of paleoclimatic conditions in the region. The decline of the δ<sup>13</sup>C value over the past 8500 years almost fully coincides with an increase of the total pollen concentration, the proportion of Poaceae pollen in the profile of zoogenic deposits and wetter periods. Thus, four humid periods are identified, from the middle of the 4th millennium to the end of 3rd millennium BC, the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BC, from the 2nd half of the 1st millennium BC to the 1st half of the 1st millennium AD and the middle of the 2nd millennium AD. The δ<sup>15</sup>N value of plant remains is a less sensitive indicator of climate dynamics and represents the most significant change of precipitation in the region by the end of the 3rd millennium BC. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/45">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/quaternary/special_issues/OZR486N2F7 ">The Microfossil Records and Their Paleoenvironmental Implications in Quaternary</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/45/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1500616"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1500616"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1500616" data-cycle-prev="#prev1500616" data-cycle-progressive="#images1500616" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1500616-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g001-550.jpg?1729157084" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1500616" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1500616-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g002-550.jpg?1729157089'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1500616-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g003-550.jpg?1729157090'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1500616-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g004-550.jpg?1729157095'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1500616-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g005-550.jpg?1729157097'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1500616-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g006-550.jpg?1729157099'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1500616-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g001-550.jpg?1729157084" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The central part of the Negev Desert and the location of rock shelters.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/45'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g002-550.jpg?1729157089" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The Ramon I rock shelter (<b>a</b>) and the Atzmaut zoogenic deposit (<b>b</b>) with sampling (<b>c</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/45'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g003-550.jpg?1729157090" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Sediment accumulation models of the Ramon I (<b>a</b>) and the Atzmaut (<b>b</b>) zoogenic deposits.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/45'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g004-550.jpg?1729157095" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The profile and the pollen diagram of the Ramon I (<b>a</b>) and Atzmaut (<b>b</b>) zoogenic deposits (+ specified percentage of taxa ≤ 1%). Layers: 1—pressed dung; 2—friable ash; 3—burned dung with inclusions of charcoal; 4—consolidated sediment of gravel and dung; 5—consolidated sediment of gravel and fine-grained sediments; 6—gravel layer; 7—consolidated sediment of ash and gravel; 8—gravel with ash and charcoal.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/45'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g005-550.jpg?1729157097" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the total pollen concentration of Ramon I (1) and Atzmaut (2) and Poaceae pollen proportions in the Ramon I (3) and Atzmaut (4) dung deposits relative to periods with moist conditions in the study region (I–IV).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/45'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00045/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00045-g006-550.jpg?1729157099" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The δ<sup>15</sup>N value of Ramon I (1) and Atzmaut (2) and the δ<sup>13</sup>C value of the Ramon I (3) and Atzmaut (4) zoogenic deposits. I–IV—periods with moist conditions in the study region.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/45'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1498311" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 21 pages, 8114 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/44/pdf?version=1728900621" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Palaeoecological Conditions in the South-Eastern and Western Baltic Sea during the Last Millennium" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/44">Palaeoecological Conditions in the South-Eastern and Western Baltic Sea during the Last Millennium</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ekaterina Ponomarenko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tatiana Pugacheva</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Liubov Kuleshova</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 44; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040044">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040044</a> - 14 Oct 2024 </div> Viewed by 838 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> We present the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Gdansk, Bornholm, and Arkona Basins of the Baltic Sea over the last millennium. A multiproxy study (including geochemical, XRF, grain size, AMS, and micropalaeontological analyses) of five short sediment cores was performed. The relative <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/44/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> We present the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Gdansk, Bornholm, and Arkona Basins of the Baltic Sea over the last millennium. A multiproxy study (including geochemical, XRF, grain size, AMS, and micropalaeontological analyses) of five short sediment cores was performed. The relative age of the sediments was determined based on the Pb distribution along the sediment sequences, as radiocarbon dating has resulted in an excessively old age. The retrieved cores cover two comparable warm periods, the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Modern Warm Period, for which the increase in surface water productivity was reconstructed. Notably, the production of diatoms was higher during the colder periods (the Dark Ages and Little Ice Age), but this was also the case within the Modern Warm Period. In the Gdansk Basin, the initial salinity increase during the Littorina transgression started after 7.7 cal. a BP. The increased inflow activity was reconstructed during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, even in the Gdansk Basin, despite, in general, very low foraminiferal amounts and diversity. The strongly positive North Atlantic Oscillation Index during this period led to the prevalence of westerly winds over the Baltic region and stronger saltwater intrusions. In the recent sediments, the reconstructed inflow frequency demonstrates a variability against the reduction trend, and a general decline compared to the Medieval Climate Anomaly is seen. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/44">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/44/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1498311"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1498311"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1498311" data-cycle-prev="#prev1498311" data-cycle-progressive="#images1498311" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1498311-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00044/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00044-g001-550.jpg?1728900860" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1498311" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1498311-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00044/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00044-g002-550.jpg?1728900863'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1498311-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00044/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00044-g003-550.jpg?1728900867'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1498311-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00044/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00044-g001-550.jpg?1728900860" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Map of the study area and location of the coring sites. The general direction of the inflow pathways of the North Sea water is redrawn based on the combination of [<a href="#B1-quaternary-07-00044" class="html-bibr">1</a>,<a href="#B25-quaternary-07-00044" class="html-bibr">25</a>]. Bathymetry data are taken from the Baltic Sea Bathymetry Database v0.9.3.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/44'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00044/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00044-g002-550.jpg?1728900863" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Lithological composition of the studied cores together with the Pb distribution. Colours are identified as codes in accordance with the Munsell Soil Color Chart. The AMS dates are indicated in blue, while the Pb dates (isochrones) are in purple. The shaded purple areas on the Pb curves mark the Modern Pb pollution and the uncertainties in the inception of the Medieval Pb pollution. In the lower right part, the Pb distribution over the last 2000 years is represented, based on the combined data [<a href="#B96-quaternary-07-00044" class="html-bibr">96</a>,<a href="#B98-quaternary-07-00044" class="html-bibr">98</a>,<a href="#B100-quaternary-07-00044" class="html-bibr">100</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/44'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00044/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00044-g003-550.jpg?1728900867" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The variability of sediment geochemistry (LOI and XRF), micropalaeontological, and grain size (SS mean size and content) data in the cores retrieved in the Gdansk, Bornholm, and Arkona Basins. <span class="html-italic">Elphidium</span> spp. includes both calcareous shells and IOLs (inner organic linings). Warm climate periods are shaded in light red. The Main Holocene climate events are marked as follows: DA—Dark Ages; MCA—Medieval Climate Anomaly; LIA—Little Ice Age; MoWP—Modern Warm Period. The reconstructed NAO Index during the last c. 1.5 kyr is represented according to [<a href="#B33-quaternary-07-00044" class="html-bibr">33</a>,<a href="#B102-quaternary-07-00044" class="html-bibr">102</a>]. The shaded blue areas indicate periods of a negative NAO phase.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/44'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1496885" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 2208 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/43/pdf?version=1728659267" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Final Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Faunal Dispersals from East to Europe and Correlation of the Villafranchian Biochronology between Eastern and Western Europe" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/43">The Final Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Faunal Dispersals from East to Europe and Correlation of the Villafranchian Biochronology between Eastern and Western Europe</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nikolai Spassov</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 43; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040043">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040043</a> - 11 Oct 2024 </div> Viewed by 1015 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The Villafranchian stage in the mammal fauna evolution in Eurasia (ca. 3.6/3.4 Ma—ca. 1.2 Ma) is associated with the beginning of the formation of the modern appearance of the mammal megafauna of today’s Palaearctic. The cooling and the aridification starting with the beginning <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/43/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The Villafranchian stage in the mammal fauna evolution in Eurasia (ca. 3.6/3.4 Ma—ca. 1.2 Ma) is associated with the beginning of the formation of the modern appearance of the mammal megafauna of today’s Palaearctic. The cooling and the aridification starting with the beginning of the Early Pleistocene gradually eliminated the quasi-tropical appearance of the Late Neogene landscapes and fauna of Europe. The time from the Mid-Piacenzian (ca. 3.3–3.0 Ma) to the end of the Early Pleistocene was a time of particularly intense dispersal of species, of faunal exchange between Eurasia and Africa, and of the entry of new mammals into Europe from the East. That is why the correlation of the biochronology of the Villafranchian fauna between Eastern and Western Europe is of particular interest. Accumulated data make possible a more precise correlation of these faunas today. A correlation of selected Eastern European localities with established faunal units and MNQ zones is made in the present work. Usually, the dispersal from Asia or from E. Europe to W. Europe is instantaneous from a geological point of view, but in a number of cases, reaching W. Europe happens later, or some species known to be from Eastern Europe do not reach Western Europe. The main driving forces of the faunal dispersals, which are the key bioevents in the faunal formation, are climate changes, which in turn, affect the environment. We can summarize the following more significant Villafranchian bioevents in Europe: the End Pliocene (Early Villafranchian: MNQ16) turnover related to the first appearance of a number of taxa, for example, felids, canids, proboscideans, and ungulates; the Quaternary beginning turnover. Correlated with this are the beginning of the Middle Villafranchian, which should be placed at about 2.6 Ma; the Coste San Giacomo faunal unit turnover (Senèze and Slivnitsa localities should be included here, and the FU itself, at the very beginning of the late Villafranchian (=MNQ18a)); the <i>Pachycrocuta</i> event at the very beginning of the Olivola FU; and the events related to the Late Villafranchian/Epivillafranchian bounfary. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/43">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/quaternary/special_issues/2EO2261S80 ">Mammals Biochronology and Paleoecology of the Euro-Mediterranean Quaternary</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/43/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1496885"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1496885"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1496885" data-cycle-prev="#prev1496885" data-cycle-progressive="#images1496885" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1496885-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00043/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00043-g001-550.jpg?1728659508" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1496885" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1496885-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00043/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00043-g002-550.jpg?1728659512'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1496885-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00043/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00043-g001-550.jpg?1728659508" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Canids discussed in paragraph 1.1. (<b>a</b>): m1 of “<span class="html-italic">Canis</span>” from Vialette in occlusal view (cast of mandible 2003-5-401-VIA, Crozatier Museum of Le Puy-en-Velay). The arrow shows the hypoconid and the metaconid (though heavily worn) are not fused at their bases. (<b>b</b>–<b>d</b>): <span class="html-italic">Canis neschersensis</span> (MNHN.F.PET2010) stored in the coll. of the Laboratory. of Paleontology of the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, in occlusal, labial, and lingual views.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/43'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00043/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00043-g002-550.jpg?1728659512" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Correlation of the Villafranchian biochronology between Eastern and Western Europe (geological age and biochronological position of selected Eastern European Villafranchian localities). The biochronology table and the correlation between the faunal units and the MNQ zones is based on Nomade et al. [<a href="#B18-quaternary-07-00043" class="html-bibr">18</a>] with some original modifications. The additional column on the far right presents the position of the Eastern European localities, discussed in <a href="#sec2dot3-quaternary-07-00043" class="html-sec">Section 2.3</a>. Abbreviations of polarity subchrons: Reu.—Réunion; Mamm.—Mammoth. Localities abbreviations: CER—Cernãteşti; TUL—Tulucesti; RSK—Ripa Skortselskaya; BOS—Bossilkovtsi; TSO—Tsotylio; DFN—Dafnero; SESK—Sesklo; VAR – Varshets; VLKS—Volakas; SLIV—Slivnitsa; LaPI—La Pietris; GER—Gerakarou; KARN—Karnezeika; VGRA—Vale Graunceanului; KRIM—Krimni; TRLI—Trlica; APOL—Apollonia.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/43'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1488685" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 4970 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/42/pdf?version=1727692994" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Plio-Pleistocene Small Mammal-Based Biochronology of Eastern Anatolia and Transcaucasus" data-journal="quaternary"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-550X/7/4/42">Plio-Pleistocene Small Mammal-Based Biochronology of Eastern Anatolia and Transcaucasus</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexey S. Tesakov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pavel Frolov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexandra Simakova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Albina Yakimova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vadim Titov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pranav Ranjan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hasan Çelik</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vladimir Trifonov</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Quaternary</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(4), 42; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040042">https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040042</a> - 29 Sep 2024 </div> Viewed by 647 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The known Plio-Pleistocene mammalian record, mainly represented by small mammals, and its biotic and geological context in the vast region of Eastern Turkey and Transcaucasus provides a sound base for regional biochronology. Recently obtained faunal associations and the main evolutionary lineages found in <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/42/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The known Plio-Pleistocene mammalian record, mainly represented by small mammals, and its biotic and geological context in the vast region of Eastern Turkey and Transcaucasus provides a sound base for regional biochronology. Recently obtained faunal associations and the main evolutionary lineages found in the region support direct correlations to the European (ELMA/MN/MQ) and the Eastern European (faunal complexes/MQR-MNR) biochronological systems. Important data on palynology, aquatic and terrestrial mollusks, and magnetostratigraphy integrate the reviewed material into a robust local biochronology. The range of standard biochrons of Early Pliocene through late Early Pleistocene and the regional Anatolian zones M-P are reliably detected. The Early Pleistocene time range (zone P) is refined based on rhizodont lagurines <i>Borsodia</i> and Euro-Asian larger voles <i>Mimomys</i> ex gr. <i>pliocaenicus</i>. The successive zone R for Early Pleistocene faunas with early rootless Microtini is proposed. <a href="/2571-550X/7/4/42">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/quaternary/special_issues/2EO2261S80 ">Mammals Biochronology and Paleoecology of the Euro-Mediterranean Quaternary</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/42/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1488685"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1488685"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1488685" data-cycle-prev="#prev1488685" data-cycle-progressive="#images1488685" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1488685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00042/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00042-g001-550.jpg?1727693115" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1488685" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1488685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00042/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00042-g002-550.jpg?1727693116'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1488685-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00042/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00042-g001-550.jpg?1727693115" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic map showing the geographic position of the reviewed Pli-Pleistocene localities. 1. Krasar, 2. Haykadzor, 3. Demirkent, 4. Pasinler-A, 5. Pekecik C, 6. Duzdag, 7. Agri-East, 8. Pekecik B, 9. Pekecik A, 10. Paşayurdu, 11. Kushkuna, 12. Kümbetli, 13. Karangibaşi, 14. Tekman, 15. Jradzor, 16. Nurnus.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/42'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/quaternary/quaternary-07-00042/article_deploy/html/images/quaternary-07-00042-g002-550.jpg?1727693116" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Stratigraphic chart showing the sequence of mammalian localities, occurrences of forms of Arvicolinae and their phyletic connections. Regional zones are after [<a href="#B31-quaternary-07-00042" class="html-bibr">31</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-550X/7/4/42'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <span class="more" style="display: none;"></span> </div> <div class="row footer"> <div class="listing-select-options"> <div class="columns small-12"> <div class="select generic-item"> <a href="#" class="export-options-show export-element export-expanded"> Show export options <i class="material-icons">expand_more</i> </a> <a href="#" class="export-options-show export-element"> Show export options <i class="material-icons">expand_less</i> </a> </div> <div class="listing-export-options export-element"> <div class="export-element" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <input type="checkbox" class="selector selectUnselectAll bb-checkbox" id="selectUnselectAll" data-select-all="article-listing"> <div class="indented 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