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id="toc-July_1997_Drumcree_parade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violent_reaction_in_nationalist_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violent_reaction_in_nationalist_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Violent reaction in nationalist areas </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Violent_reaction_in_nationalist_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Violent reaction in nationalist areas subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Violent_reaction_in_nationalist_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sunday_6_July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunday_6_July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Sunday 6 July </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunday_6_July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belfast" class="vector-toc-list-item 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.status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">1997 riots in Northern Ireland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Garvaghy_road_on_July_1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Garvaghy_road_on_July_1997.jpg/300px-Garvaghy_road_on_July_1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/Garvaghy_road_on_July_1997.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="255" /></a> "Drumcree, The Garvaghy Road July 1997" by <a href="/wiki/Military_art" title="Military art">military artist</a> David Rowlands, <a href="/wiki/Oil_on_canvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil on canvas">oil on canvas</a>, 91cm x 61 cm, painting owned by the 1st Battalion (The Cheshires) <a href="/wiki/The_Mercian_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mercian Regiment">The Mercian Regiment</a> which depicts British soldiers during the rioting on Garvaghy Road<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>6–11 July 1997</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalist</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Several <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a> parades re-routed or cancelled<a href="#cite_note-rep-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-twelf-5">[5]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalist</a> rioters <hr /> Supported by: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/StarryPlough.svg/23px-StarryPlough.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/StarryPlough.svg/35px-StarryPlough.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/StarryPlough.svg/46px-StarryPlough.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="382" /> <a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">INLA</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Royal_Ulster_Constabulary.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Ulster_Constabulary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Royal_Ulster_Constabulary.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Ulster_Constabulary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Royal_Ulster_Constabulary.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Ulster_Constabulary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McKenna_(Irish_republican)" title="Kevin McKenna (Irish republican)">Kevin McKenna</a> (IRA)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Flanagan" title="Ronnie Flanagan">Ronnie Flanagan</a> (RUC) <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Smith" title="Rupert Smith">Rupert Smith</a> (BA)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1 civilian killed<a href="#cite_note-john-7">[7]</a> over 100 people injured,<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> 117 arrested<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 62 constables injured,<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> at least 3 soldiers injured, some armoured vehicles badly damaged or destroyed<a href="#cite_note-10nbr-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_the_Ulster_Defence_Association.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ulster_Defence_Association.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_the_Ulster_Defence_Association.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ulster_Defence_Association.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_the_Ulster_Defence_Association.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ulster_Defence_Association.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1000" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Ulster_Freedom_Fighters.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ulster_Freedom_Fighters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Ulster_Freedom_Fighters.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ulster_Freedom_Fighters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Ulster_Freedom_Fighters.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ulster_Freedom_Fighters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="523" /> One <a href="/wiki/Loyalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalist">loyalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Defence_Association" title="Ulster Defence Association">UDA/UFF</a> militant was killed by the explosion of a <a href="/wiki/Pipe_bomb" title="Pipe bomb">pipe bomb</a> he was handling in an indirectly related incident<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10uda-10">[10]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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id="The_Troublesin_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">1960s and 1970s <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bogside" title="Battle of the Bogside">Battle of the Bogside</a>/<a href="/wiki/1969_Northern_Ireland_riots" title="1969 Northern Ireland riots">1969 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Studio_bombing" title="RTÉ Studio bombing">RTÉ bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Matthew%27s" title="Battle of St Matthew's">Battle of St Matthew's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Curfew" title="Falls Curfew">Falls Curfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Crossmaglen_bombing" title="1970 Crossmaglen bombing">Crossmaglen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Scottish_soldiers%27_killings" title="1971 Scottish soldiers' killings">Scottish soldiers' killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Demetrius" title="Operation Demetrius">Operation Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballymurphy_massacre" title="Ballymurphy massacre">Ballymurphy massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Newry_killings" title="1971 Newry killings">Newry killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lion_Pub_bombing" title="Red Lion Pub bombing">Red Lion Pub bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGurk%27s_Bar_bombing" title="McGurk's Bar bombing">McGurk's Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Balmoral_Furniture_Company_bombing" title="1971 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing">Balmoral showroom bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1972)" title="Bloody Sunday (1972)">Bloody Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abercorn_Restaurant_bombing" title="Abercorn Restaurant bombing">Abercorn Restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donegall_Street_bombing" title="Donegall Street bombing">Donegall St bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Springmartin" title="Battle at Springmartin">Battle at Springmartin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungiven_landmine_and_gun_attack" title="Dungiven landmine and gun attack">Dungiven ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lenadoon" title="Battle of Lenadoon">Battle of Lenadoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springhill_massacre" title="Springhill massacre">Springhill massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Friday_(1972)" title="Bloody Friday (1972)">Bloody Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Motorman" title="Operation Motorman">Operation Motorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudy_bombing" title="Claudy bombing">Claudy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry_customs_bombing" title="Newry customs bombing">Newry customs bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaghanroe_landmine_attack" title="Sanaghanroe landmine attack">Sanaghanroe attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny%27s_Bar_bombing" title="Benny's Bar bombing">Benny's Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Hill_bar_shooting" title="Top of the Hill bar shooting">Annie's Bar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belturbet_bombing" title="Belturbet bombing">Belturbet bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_and_1973_Dublin_bombings" title="1972 and 1973 Dublin bombings">Dublin bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lodge_Six_shooting" title="New Lodge Six shooting">New Lodge Six shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Coleraine_bombings" title="1973 Coleraine bombings">Coleraine bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_%26_Crown_Bar_bombing" title="Rose & Crown Bar bombing">Rose & Crown Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_UDR_Clogher_barracks" title="Attack on UDR Clogher barracks">Clogher barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Monaghan_bombings" title="Dublin and Monaghan bombings">Dublin & Monaghan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountainview_Tavern_attack" title="Mountainview Tavern attack">Mountainview Tavern attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleary_Darts_Club_shooting" title="Bleary Darts Club shooting">Bleary Darts Club shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Bar_bombing" title="Strand Bar bombing">Strand Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkhill_beer_keg_bombing" title="Forkhill beer keg bombing">Forkhill beer keg bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Showband_killings" title="Miami Showband killings">Miami Showband killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayardo_Bar_attack" title="Bayardo Bar attack">Bayardo Bar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullyvallen_massacre" title="Tullyvallen massacre">Tullyvallen massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1975_Northern_Ireland_attacks" title="October 1975 Northern Ireland attacks">October 1975 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummuckavall_ambush" title="Drummuckavall ambush">Drummuckavall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport_bombing" title="Dublin Airport bombing">Dublin Airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnelly%27s_Bar_and_Kay%27s_Tavern_attacks" title="Donnelly's Bar and Kay's Tavern attacks">Dundalk & Silverbridge attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bar_bombing" title="Central Bar bombing">Central Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reavey_and_O%27Dowd_killings" title="Reavey and O'Dowd killings">Reavey and O'Dowd killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsmill_massacre" title="Kingsmill massacre">Kingsmill massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleblayney_bombing" title="Castleblayney bombing">Castleblayney bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_Bar_bombing" title="Hillcrest Bar bombing">Hillcrest Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_Hill_incident" title="Flagstaff Hill incident">Flagstaff Hill incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemont_pub_attacks" title="Charlemont pub attacks">Charlemont pub attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Store_Bar_shooting" title="The Store Bar shooting">Store Bar shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorane_Bar_attack" title="Chlorane Bar attack">Chlorane Bar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramble_Inn_attack" title="Ramble Inn attack">Ramble Inn attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_Inn_attack" title="Stag Inn attack">Stag Inn attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Andersonstown_incident" title="1976 Andersonstown incident">Andersonstown incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryhinch_ambush" title="Garryhinch ambush">Garryhinch ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Balmoral_Furniture_Company_bombing" title="1976 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing">1976 Balmoral bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_British_Army_Gazelle_downing" title="1978 British Army Gazelle downing">Jonesborough Gazelle shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mon_restaurant_bombing" title="La Mon restaurant bombing">La Mon restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenpoint_ambush" title="Warrenpoint ambush">Warrenpoint ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungannon_land_mine_attack" title="Dungannon land mine attack">Dungannon land mine attack</a></li></ul> <hr /> 1980s <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunmurry_train_bombing" title="Dunmurry train bombing">Dunmurry train bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_shipping_in_Lough_Foyle_(1981%E2%80%9382)" title="Attacks on shipping in Lough Foyle (1981–82)">Lough Foyle attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altnaveigh_landmine_attack" title="Altnaveigh landmine attack">Altnaveigh landmine attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasdrumman_ambush" title="Glasdrumman ambush">Glasdrumman ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Divis_Flats_bombing" title="1982 Divis Flats bombing">Divis Flats bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droppin_Well_bombing" title="Droppin Well bombing">Droppin Well bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_land_mine_attack" title="Ballygawley land mine attack">Ballygawley land mine attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkley_killings" title="Darkley killings">Darkley killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesh_ambush" title="Kesh ambush">Kesh ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strabane_ambush" title="Strabane ambush">Strabane ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Newry_mortar_attack" title="1985 Newry mortar attack">Newry mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Ballygawley_barracks" title="Attack on Ballygawley barracks">Ballygawley barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_RUC_Birches_barracks" title="Attack on RUC Birches barracks">Birches barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clontibret_invasion" title="Clontibret invasion">Clontibret invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughgall_ambush" title="Loughgall ambush">Loughgall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day_bombing" title="Remembrance Day bombing">Remembrance Day bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milltown_Cemetery_attack" title="Milltown Cemetery attack">Milltown Cemetery attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporals_killings" title="Corporals killings">Corporals killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Bar_shooting" title="Avenue Bar shooting">Avenue Bar shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn_van_bombing" title="Lisburn van bombing">Lisburn van bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1988 British Army Lynx shootdown">Aughanduff Lynx shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_bus_bombing" title="Ballygawley bus bombing">Ballygawley bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_at_Drumnakilly" title="Ambush at Drumnakilly">Drumnakilly ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Jonesborough_ambush" title="1989 Jonesborough ambush">Jonesborough ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Derryard_checkpoint" title="Attack on Derryard checkpoint">Derryard checkpoint attack</a></li></ul> <hr /> 1990s <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_British_Army_Gazelle_shootdown" title="1990 British Army Gazelle shootdown">Derrygorry Gazelle shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downpatrick_landmine_attack" title="Downpatrick landmine attack">Downpatrick landmine attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Conservation" title="Operation Conservation">Operation Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Armagh_City_roadside_bomb" title="1990 Armagh City roadside bomb">Armagh City roadside bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFA_Fort_Victoria_bombing" title="RFA Fort Victoria bombing">Fort Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_bomb#October_1990_proxy_bombings" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Lough_Neagh_ambush" title="1990 Lough Neagh ambush">Lough Neagh ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1991 British Army Lynx shootdown">Silverbridge Lynx shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullacreevie_ambush" title="Mullacreevie ambush">Mullacreevie ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Cappagh_killings" title="1991 Cappagh killings">Cappagh killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigavon_mobile_shop_killings" title="Craigavon mobile shop killings">Craigavon mobile shop killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenanne_barracks_bombing" title="Glenanne barracks bombing">Glenanne barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagh_ambush" title="Coagh ambush">Coagh ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Park_Hospital_bombing" title="Musgrave Park Hospital bombing">Musgrave Park Hospital bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Craigavon_killings" title="1991 Craigavon killings">Craigavon Hyster killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teebane_bombing" title="Teebane bombing">Teebane bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sinn_F%C3%A9in_Headquarters_shooting" title="1992 Sinn Féin Headquarters shooting"> Sinn Féin Headquarters shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Graham_bookmakers%27_shooting" title="Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting">Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonoe_ambush" title="Clonoe ambush">Clonoe ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Cloghoge_checkpoint" title="Attack on Cloghoge checkpoint">Cloghoge checkpoint attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Coalisland_riots" title="1992 Coalisland riots">Coalisland riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990%E2%80%931997)" title="South Armagh Sniper (1990–1997)">South Armagh sniper campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_Science_Laboratory_bombing" title="Forensic Science Laboratory bombing">Forensic Lab bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_James_Murray%27s_bookmakers" title="Attack on James Murray's bookmakers">James Murray's bookmakers attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Castlerock_killings" title="1993 Castlerock killings">Castlerock killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Cullaville" title="Occupation of Cullaville">Cullaville occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Newry_Road" title="Battle of Newry Road">Battle of Newry Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankill_Road_bombing" title="Shankill Road bombing">Shankill Road bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greysteel_massacre" title="Greysteel massacre">Greysteel massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Fivemiletown_ambush" title="1993 Fivemiletown ambush">Fivemiletown ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1994 British Army Lynx shootdown">Crossmaglen Lynx shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Shankill_Road_killings" title="1994 Shankill Road killings">1994 Shankill Road killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughinisland_massacre" title="Loughinisland massacre">Loughinisland massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killeeshil_ambush" title="Killeeshil ambush">Killeeshil ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">Drumcree conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiepval_barracks_bombing" title="Thiepval barracks bombing">Thiepval barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Coalisland_attack" title="1997 Coalisland attack">Coalisland attack</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1997 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinn_brothers%27_killings" title="Quinn brothers' killings">Quinn brothers' killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Banbridge_bombing" title="1998 Banbridge bombing">Banbridge bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagh_bombing" title="Omagh bombing">Omagh bombing</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_The_Troubles_in_Britain_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Campaignbox The Troubles in Britain and Europe">The Troubles in Britain & Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_assassinations_Northern_Ireland_Troubles" title="Template:Campaignbox assassinations Northern Ireland Troubles">Assassinations during the Troubles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_feud" title="Loyalist feud">Loyalist feud</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> From 6 to 11 July 1997 there were mass protests, fierce riots and gun battles in <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalist</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. Irish nationalists/<a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republicans</a>, in some cases supported by the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> (IRA), attacked the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (RUC) and <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>. The protests and violence were sparked by the decision to allow the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a> (a Protestant, <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">unionist</a> organization) to march through a Catholic/nationalist neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Portadown" title="Portadown">Portadown</a>. Irish nationalists were outraged by the decision and by the RUC's aggressive treatment of those protesting against the march. There had been a bitter <a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">dispute over the march</a> for many years. It was the last spell of widespread violence in Northern Ireland before the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a> in April 1998. RUC and British Army patrols were attacked hundreds of times by rioters throwing stones and <a href="/wiki/Petrol_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol bomb">petrol bombs</a>, and by IRA members with automatic rifles and grenades. They fired more than 2,500 <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bullet" title="Plastic bullet">plastic bullets</a> at rioters and exchanged gunfire with the IRA. More than 100 civilians and 65 security force personnel were injured. There were many complaints of <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a> and a 13-year-old boy went into a coma after being struck on the head by a plastic bullet. Hundreds of vehicles were hijacked, set on fire and used to block roads in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> and other districts like Newry, Armagh and Dungannon. The RUC and the British troops had to withdraw entirely from some nationalist areas of Belfast. The Provisional IRA's involvement in the clashes was its last major action during <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_campaign_1969%E2%80%931997" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army campaign 1969–1997">its 27-year campaign</a>. The paramilitary organization declared its last ceasefire on 19 July. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">Drumcree conflict</a></div> The Orange Order is a Protestant, <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">unionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternal organization</a>. It insists that it should be allowed to <a href="/wiki/Orange_walk" title="Orange walk">march its traditional route</a> to-and-from <a href="/wiki/Drumcree_Church" title="Drumcree Church">Drumcree Church</a> each July. It had marched this route since 1807, when the area was mostly farmland. However, today most of this route is through the mainly Catholic/<a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish nationalist">Irish nationalist</a> part of Portadown. The residents sought to re-route the march away from their area, seeing it as "triumphalist"<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">supremacist</a>".<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> They likened it to a <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> march through an <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> neighbourhood.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The march was first banned in 1832,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> although the law was ignored by the Orangemen. Local magistrate William Hancock wrote in 1835: "For some time past the peaceable inhabitants of the parish of Drumcree have been insulted and outraged by large bodies of Orangemen parading the highways, playing party tunes, firing shots, and using the most opprobrious epithets they could invent... a body of Orangemen marched through the town and proceeded to Drumcree church, passing by the Catholic chapel though it was a considerable distance out of their way."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The onset of <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a> in 1969 led to the dispute intensifying<a href="#cite_note-Susan_McKay-16">[16]</a> and triggered a shift in the local population that further strengthened the ethnic divide.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 1987, the Orangemen were banned from marching along Obins Street, after their march caused severe rioting two years in a row.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> However, the Orangemen were still allowed to march along the other main road in the Catholic area, the Garvaghy Road.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drumcree_Church_2018-07-26_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Drumcree_Church_2018-07-26_-_1.jpg/220px-Drumcree_Church_2018-07-26_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Drumcree_Church_2018-07-26_-_1.jpg/330px-Drumcree_Church_2018-07-26_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Drumcree_Church_2018-07-26_-_1.jpg/440px-Drumcree_Church_2018-07-26_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7309" data-file-height="4823" /></a><figcaption>Drumcree Church near Portadown</figcaption></figure> In 1995, residents formed the Garvaghy Road Residents Coalition (GRRC) to try and divert the march away from Garvaghy Road. The dispute escalated that July when residents blocked Garvaghy Road for two days. Orangemen and their supporters clashed with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (RUC) until the residents were persuaded to clear the road and the march went ahead.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The July 1996 march was banned from Garvaghy Road. Thousands of Orangemen and their supporters gathered at Drumcree and there was a three-day standoff with the RUC. They held large protests and attacked the police and Catholics throughout Northern Ireland. The <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_Volunteer_Force" title="Loyalist Volunteer Force">Loyalist Volunteer Force</a> (LVF) shot dead a Catholic taxi driver and threatened further attacks. As a result, the ban was lifted. Police violently removed nationalist protesters from Garvaghy Road and forced the march through. This sparked days of rioting in Catholic/nationalist areas of Northern Ireland; one protester was crushed to death by a British Army armoured vehicle in <a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a> (see <a href="/wiki/1996_Derry_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Derry riots">1996 Derry riots</a>).<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_1997_Drumcree_parade">July 1997 Drumcree parade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: July 1997 Drumcree parade">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti_Orange_Order_sign_in_Rasharkin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anti_Orange_Order_sign_in_Rasharkin.jpg/170px-Anti_Orange_Order_sign_in_Rasharkin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anti_Orange_Order_sign_in_Rasharkin.jpg/255px-Anti_Orange_Order_sign_in_Rasharkin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anti_Orange_Order_sign_in_Rasharkin.jpg/340px-Anti_Orange_Order_sign_in_Rasharkin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>A placard against Orange marches in Catholic/nationalist areas</figcaption></figure> On 18 June 1997, <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Graham" title="Alistair Graham">Alistair Graham</a> warned after the killing of two RUC officers in nearby <a href="/wiki/Lurgan" title="Lurgan">Lurgan</a> that the IRA was seeking to raise tensions before the march so that a compromise would be impossible.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In June 1997, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland" title="Secretary of State for Northern Ireland">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Mo_Mowlam" title="Mo Mowlam">Mo Mowlam</a> had privately decided to let the march proceed.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN_1997-23">[23]</a> However, in the days leading up to the march, she insisted that no decision had been made.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN_1997-23">[23]</a> She met <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> <a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a>, who stressed that any unilateral decision to allow the march would be 'a mistake'. The RUC and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Office" title="Northern Ireland Office">Northern Ireland Office</a> said they would announce their decision two or three days before the march.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> According to a document leaked from the Public Records Office of Northern Ireland in 2021, on 9 June the RUC requested heavy equipment to government agencies in order to remove roadblocks and barricades set up by potential rioters. It was also revealed that the British Army was measuring Garvaghy Road for the possible deployment of <a href="/wiki/Bollard" title="Bollard">bollards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> As the parade day approached, thousands more British troops were flown into Northern Ireland, while thousands of people left the province fearing another outbreak of violence.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> Garvaghy Road residents set up a <a href="/wiki/Peace_camp" title="Peace camp">peace camp</a> along the road.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN_1997-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_Volunteer_Force" title="Loyalist Volunteer Force">Loyalist Volunteer Force</a> (LVF) threatened to kill Catholic civilians if the march was not allowed to proceed<a href="#cite_note-CAIN_1997-23">[23]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> also threatened to withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a> negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> On 4 July, sixty families had to be evacuated from their homes on Garvaghy Road after a loyalist bomb threat.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> On Sunday 6 July at 3:30am, 1,500 soldiers and riot police<a href="#cite_note-troops-26">[26]</a> swept into the nationalist area in 100 armoured vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-der-27">[27]</a> They took control of Garvaghy Road so it would be free for the marchers.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN_1997-23">[23]</a> This led to clashes with about 300 protesters, who began a sit-down protest on the road. They were forcibly removed by riot police. <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Nelson" title="Rosemary Nelson">Rosemary Nelson</a>, the lawyer for the residents coalition, was verbally and physically abused by officers.<a href="#cite_note-rep-2">[2]</a> Some officers claimed that residents taunted them about the killing of their two colleagues in Lurgan while shouting IRA slogans.<a href="#cite_note-rep-2">[2]</a> From this point onward, the road was sealed off by rows of armoured vehicles and residents were hemmed into their housing estates.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN_1997-23">[23]</a> As residents were unable to reach the Catholic church, the local priests held an open-air <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">mass</a> in front of a line of soldiers and <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carriers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN_1997-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Flanagan" title="Ronnie Flanagan">Ronnie Flanagan</a>, the Chief Constable, said the march had been allowed to go ahead to avoid loyalist violence.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> The parade marched along Garvaghy Road at noon that day. After it passed, the security forces began withdrawing from the area and severe rioting erupted. They were attacked by hundreds of nationalists with stones, bricks and petrol bombs. About 40 <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bullet" title="Plastic bullet">plastic bullets</a> were fired at rioters, and about 18 people had to be hospitalised.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN_1997-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Violent_reaction_in_nationalist_areas">Violent reaction in nationalist areas</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Violent reaction in nationalist areas">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sunday_6_July">Sunday 6 July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sunday 6 July">edit</a>]</div> Violence erupted across Northern Ireland that evening as news from Portadown reached nationalist areas.<a href="#cite_note-rep-2">[2]</a> Unionist politicians accused the IRA of starting the riots.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish republican">Irish republican</a> sources admitted that the IRA was openly involved in the unrest,<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> unlike in 1996, when it had restrained itself from retaliation.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The IRA claimed a number of actions in response to the Drumcree crisis. During the weekend alone, the IRA carried out at least nine attacks on British troops.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belfast">Belfast</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Belfast">edit</a>]</div> In South Belfast, a lone IRA member with an <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a> opened-fire on an RUC checkpoint at Lower Ormeau Road. Five rounds hit an APC parked on the Ormeau Bridge. The attack was filmed by a BBC television crew.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> Nearby, an IRA unit prevented a British Army riot squad from entering the <a href="/wiki/Market_Quarter,_Belfast" title="Market Quarter, Belfast">Markets area</a> after firing 20 machine gun rounds at them.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> In North Belfast, several British Army patrols were harassed by gunfire<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> and a bomb was thrown at an RUC base.<a href="#cite_note-her-32">[32]</a> An armoured vehicle was set on fire in Ardoyne, according to republican sources. Another one was burnt-out on <a href="/wiki/Antrim_Road" title="Antrim Road">Antrim Road</a>. Late that evening in the Oldpark area, an RUC Land Rover became stuck in a barricade made of iron pilings and its crew had to flee when it was attacked with petrol bombs.<a href="#cite_note-10nbr-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Continuity_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuity IRA">Continuity IRA</a> (CIRA) claimed responsibility for a gun attack on RUC officers in the Oldpark Road-Cliftonville area, which according to the statement left one constable wounded.<a href="#cite_note-Saoirse97-33">[33]</a> In the Lenadoon area of West Belfast, the RUC shot a 14-year-old boy<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> and 13-year-old girl with plastic bullets.<a href="#cite_note-10coma-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsletter9jul-35">[35]</a> The boy was struck in the head and spent three days in a coma,<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> while the girl was struck in the face, <a href="/wiki/Dental_avulsion" title="Dental avulsion">knocking out her teeth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="#cite_note-10coma-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsletter9jul-35">[35]</a> The RUC said there was rioting in the area at the time,<a href="#cite_note-newsletter9jul-35">[35]</a> but republicans denied this, claiming the RUC had arrived in Land Rovers and "opened fire on groups of young people returning home from a disco".<a href="#cite_note-10coma-34">[34]</a> The CIRA claimed responsibility for a gun and grenade attack on New Barnsley RUC station, and shots fired on the Stewartstown Road, Andersonstwown.<a href="#cite_note-Saoirse97-33">[33]</a> There was violence at the interface on Lanark Way, which separates the loyalist <a href="/wiki/Shankill_Road" title="Shankill Road">Shankill</a> and republican <a href="/wiki/Falls_Road,_Belfast" title="Falls Road, Belfast">Falls</a> districts. Stones, bricks and bottles were hurled across the security fence. An Phoblacht reported that warning shots were fired from the nationalist side.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In East Belfast, the IRA claimed to have fired small arms at an armoured patrol on the Newtownards Road<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> while petrol bombers forced the RUC to close an access road to the M3 motorway.<a href="#cite_note-her-32">[32]</a> Another 24 people were admitted to Belfast's <a href="/wiki/Belfast_City_Hospital" title="Belfast City Hospital">City Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victoria_Hospital,_Belfast" title="Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast">Royal Victoria Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butcher_Gate,_Derry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1455509.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Butcher_Gate%2C_Derry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1455509.jpg/220px-Butcher_Gate%2C_Derry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1455509.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Butcher_Gate%2C_Derry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1455509.jpg/330px-Butcher_Gate%2C_Derry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1455509.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Butcher_Gate%2C_Derry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1455509.jpg/440px-Butcher_Gate%2C_Derry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1455509.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Butcher Gate, scene of the violence in Derry</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derry">Derry</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Derry">edit</a>]</div> On Sunday evening in <a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a>, thousands of people joined a protest march from the Bogside to the RUC base at Strand Road.<a href="#cite_note-10derd-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a> addressed the crowd, calling on nationalists elsewhere to take to the streets to demand "justice and equality" and to "stand up for their rights".<a href="#cite_note-her-32">[32]</a> Although the protesters returned to the Bogside peacefully,<a href="#cite_note-10derd-38">[38]</a> there was violence in the city centre. At Butcher Gate, there were running clashes between the RUC and at least 300 nationalist youths.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> Cars were hijacked and burnt and one was set ablaze after being driven through the gates of a bank, while petrol bombs were thrown at the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Apprentice_Boys_of_Derry" title="Apprentice Boys of Derry">Apprentice Boys</a> fraternity headquarters by the rioters.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> It is claimed that the RUC fired "upwards of 1,000 plastic bullets", many of them fired "indiscriminately" and aimed "above the waist, in direct contravention of the rules governing the use of such lethal weapons".<a href="#cite_note-10derr-39">[39]</a> A 16-year-old boy suffered "a fractured skull, a broken jaw, and shattered facial bones amongst other injuries" after allegedly being beaten by RUC officers. He was on <a href="/wiki/Life_support" title="Life support">life support</a> for some time afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-10derr-39">[39]</a> An eyewitness described seeing one man, allegedly an onlooker, being shot in the face: "The side of his face was completely torn away, and he seemed to just slump to the ground".<a href="#cite_note-10derr-39">[39]</a> Several others suffered serious head injuries. Nine were admitted to <a href="/wiki/Altnagelvin_Area_Hospital" title="Altnagelvin Area Hospital">Altnagelvin Hospital</a> with plastic bullet injuries. At least 30 others sought treatment at first aid houses or at <a href="/wiki/Letterkenny_University_Hospital" title="Letterkenny University Hospital">Letterkenny Hospital</a> across <a href="/wiki/Irish_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish border">the border</a>. Most of downtown Derry was sealed off by the RUC and British Army.<a href="#cite_note-10derr-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newry">Newry</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Newry">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a>, 3,000 joined a protest march to the Ardmore RUC base, where a rally was held. People marched behind banners saying "Disband the RUC" and "Dismantle the Orange State".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Later, masked and armed men set a Social Security office on fire.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="County_Tyrone">County Tyrone</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: County Tyrone">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Coalisland" title="Coalisland">Coalisland</a>, the IRA's <a href="/wiki/East_Tyrone_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tyrone Brigade">East Tyrone Brigade</a> launched a gun attack on an RUC armoured vehicle outside the RUC base; a female officer from Portadown was badly wounded.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> Some sources fixed the date of the attack as 5 July.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> An Orange Order hall was set on fire in <a href="/wiki/Dungannon" title="Dungannon">Dungannon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> where violence erupted,<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> and another in <a href="/wiki/Moy,_County_Tyrone" title="Moy, County Tyrone">Moy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-der-27">[27]</a> while nationalist residents forced their way through RUC lines to stop an Orange march in <a href="/wiki/Pomeroy,_County_Tyrone" title="Pomeroy, County Tyrone">Pomeroy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> In West Tyrone, Strabane witnesses the burning of 13 vehicles by republican sympathizers.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> About 250 petrol bombs were thrown at RUC squads, who fired plastic bullets in return.<a href="#cite_note-der-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="County_Armagh">County Armagh</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: County Armagh">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a>, hundreds attended a protest rally at The Shambles.<a href="#cite_note-10arm-42">[42]</a> Later, the RUC and British Army set up roadblocks on entrances to the town centre and nationalist youths hijacked a number of vehicles. There were clashes between nationalists and the RUC on English Street; two youths were injured by plastic bullets.<a href="#cite_note-10nbr-8">[8]</a> Just before midnight, there was a shootout between two IRA members and the RUC at a security roadblock. The same roadblock was later petrol-bombed as violence continued into the night.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Lurgan" title="Lurgan">Lurgan</a>, nine masked IRA members boarded a train, forced the passengers out and set it on fire, destroying five carriages.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monday_7_July">Monday 7 July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Monday 7 July">edit</a>]</div> By 7 July, there were over 100 people injured, six of them in seriously. The RUC said there had been 1,600 plastic bullets fired, 550 attacks on the security forces, and 41 people arrested. The fire service had received 500 calls and the ambulance service 150, while the damage to property was estimated at £20 million.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> Some districts in Belfast and elsewhere were regarded as 'no go' areas by the RUC, with roads across the region "blocked by burning cars, buses and other vehicles".<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belfast_2">Belfast</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Belfast">edit</a>]</div> Shortly after midnight, a 25-year-old woman suffered a fractured bone after being shot in the leg by a live round fired from <a href="/wiki/New_Barnsley" class="mw-redirect" title="New Barnsley">New Barnsley</a> RUC base.<a href="#cite_note-10coma-34">[34]</a> The base was the target of a gun and grenade attack.<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> At the Larnak Way interface in West Belfast, loyalists tried to enter the nationalist area at 3 am. A shot fired from the nationalist side struck a 14-year-old Protestant boy who was climbing over the security fence.<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-twoboys-43">[43]</a> It hit him in the shoulder and punctured a lung.<a href="#cite_note-twoboys-43">[43]</a> One source reported that warning shots had been fired, while another said the teenager was wounded when an IRA unit launched a gun and grenade attack on a military base near the interface.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> There was an IRA rocket attack on an RUC patrol on Hallydays Road, in the New Lodge,<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> while another RUC mobile patrol driving through Crumlin Road was forced to withdraw from the Ardoyne area when it was hit by 20 rounds fired from an IRA unit. The RUC returned fire.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">Irish National Liberation Army</a> (INLA) gunmen also opened fire on British soldiers<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> in West Belfast,<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> where rioters blocked Whiterock Road with a digger.<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> The CIRA claimed responsibility for a booby-trap bomb targeting British security forces left in <a href="/wiki/Edenderry,_County_Down" title="Edenderry, County Down">Edenderry</a> on the outskirts of Belfast.<a href="#cite_note-Saoirse97-33">[33]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Dunmurry" title="Dunmurry">Dunmurry</a> area of Belfast, Brian Morton,<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> a militant of the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Defence_Association" title="Ulster Defence Association">Ulster Defence Association</a> (UDA) was killed when the <a href="/wiki/Pipe_bomb" title="Pipe bomb">pipe bomb</a> he was handling exploded prematurely.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-10uda-10">[10]</a> RUC sources described Morton as a "dedicated" member of the UDA and allegedly the second-in-command in the UFF South Belfast Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> The incident happened at an arms dump in a remote area. Later that night, members of the UDA and <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Force" title="Ulster Volunteer Force">Ulster Volunteer Force</a> (UVF) held a joint "show of strength" in North Belfast.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> Masked men armed with assault rifles and machine guns were filmed patrolling in Woodvale, saying they were there to protect Protestants.<a href="#cite_note-10uda-10">[10]</a> Members of the <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_Volunteer_Force" title="Loyalist Volunteer Force">Loyalist Volunteer Force</a> (LVF) held a similar "show of strength" on Tuesday night.<a href="#cite_note-10uda-10">[10]</a> A 39-year-old American citizen, <a href="/wiki/John_Hemsworth" title="John Hemsworth">John Hemsworth</a>, was beaten with a baton by RUC officers on his way home in the nationalist <a href="/wiki/Falls_Road,_Belfast" title="Falls Road, Belfast">Falls</a> area. He was stopped in Malcomson Street, where he was assaulted and verbally abused by the officers. There were no riots or protests in the area at the time. Hemsworth suffered a broken jaw and other injuries, and was admitted to hospital. He was discharged, but on 27 December he was re-admitted and died from a massive stroke on 1 January 1998. An inquest later found that he had died as result of the injuries received during the RUC beating.<a href="#cite_note-john-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellaghy_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_569714.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bellaghy_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_569714.jpg/220px-Bellaghy_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_569714.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bellaghy_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_569714.jpg/330px-Bellaghy_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_569714.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bellaghy_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_569714.jpg/440px-Bellaghy_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_569714.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>There were clashes during an Orange march in the village of <a href="/wiki/Bellaghy" title="Bellaghy">Bellaghy</a>, County Londonderry</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bellaghy">Bellaghy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bellaghy">edit</a>]</div> In the mainly nationalist village of <a href="/wiki/Bellaghy" title="Bellaghy">Bellaghy</a>, County Londonderry, residents mounted a peaceful protest against the yearly Orange march. There were scuffles as the RUC and British Army moved the protesters away from the parade route. Martin McGuinness was struck on the head with a baton while giving an interview nearby.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elsewhere">Elsewhere</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Elsewhere">edit</a>]</div> Several roadblocks were set up by masked and armed men in Newry.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> The city was declared "impassable" by the Automobile Association.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> In Armagh city, where several streets were also blocked,<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> the RUC was forced to bar traffic from downtown for the risk of hijacking.<a href="#cite_note-streets-28">[28]</a> A shopping centre in downtown Newry was looted by what republican sources called "a gang responsible for a long series of anti-social activities and intimidation". The IRA reportedly injured two of the gang members in a <a href="/wiki/Kneecapping" title="Kneecapping">punishment shooting</a> on 13 July.<a href="#cite_note-sax-46">[46]</a> There was severe rioting in <a href="/wiki/Downpatrick" title="Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a>; masked gunmen were spotted and RUC officers fired into the air during the disturbances. They arrested a man and seized a gun and masks.<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> The house of a former Protestant councillor who incidentally had died in hospital from an unrelated illness barely minutes before was the target of a petrol bomb attack in Derry.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> An Orange Order hall was set on fire at <a href="/wiki/Newtownhamilton" title="Newtownhamilton">Newtownhamilton</a> in South Armagh,<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> after suffering three attacks in 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> Four other halls suffered the same fate in <a href="/wiki/Cookstown" title="Cookstown">Cookstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beragh" title="Beragh">Beragh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sixmilecross" title="Sixmilecross">Sixmilecross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ballycastle,_County_Antrim" title="Ballycastle, County Antrim">Ballycastle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ars-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuesday_8_July">Tuesday 8 July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tuesday 8 July">edit</a>]</div> On 8 July, a document was leaked to the press which hinted that Mo Mowlan had decided in June to allow the Drumcree march to proceed. This caused further outrage among nationalists. That day, residents announced that they would block the Orange Order's <a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">12 July parades</a> in Armagh, Newry, Bellaghy, Lower Ormeau Road (Belfast), Derry and Strabane.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> An RUC source confirmed that the IRA had carried out more than a dozen gun and grenade attacks since 6 July, while 250 vehicles had been burnt.<a href="#cite_note-burn-49">[49]</a> The INLA claimed responsibility for several gun and grenade attacks in the preceding days and threatened to attack Orangemen whom it considered responsible for forcing parades through nationalist neighbourhoods.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belfast_3">Belfast</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Belfast">edit</a>]</div> The IRA's <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Belfast_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade">Belfast Brigade</a> claimed that dozens of its members were involved in operations against the security forces in West and North Belfast since Sunday.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> In the Ardoyne area of North Belfast, an IRA volunteer fired 15 shots at a British soldier who was firing plastic bullets at rioters at the junction of Woodvale and Crumlin Roads. According to a republican report, this action was filmed by an independent television crew. Nearby, republican sources reported another gunfight between the IRA and RUC at Oldpark Road, while an IRA sniper fired a single shot at an RUC constable at Alliance Avenue. Another RUC patrol received 20 shots by an IRA unit at Oldpark. Later that night, the IRA also reported the shooting of two loyalists who were throwing petrol bombs at Catholic homes there.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> In West Belfast, 15 shots were fired, and an improvised grenade thrown at Woodbourne Army base. On the Falls Road, 20 rounds were fired at a British security checkpoint. Although there was return fire, all the IRA members made good their escape.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> According to independent sources, IRA members fired at British soldiers and RUC officers who were trying to remove barricades in North Belfast in the early hours of Tuesday, forcing them to retreat. No injuries were reported. Petrol bombs were thrown at RUC vehicles and a passing 11-year-boy suffered severe burns when he was mistakenly hit by one of the bombs.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The Protestant estate at Suffolk was attacked from Lenadoon. Several cars were burned.<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> Scattered riots continued throughout the day and the outbound lanes of a highway were blocked by hijacked cars.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elsewhere_2">Elsewhere</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Elsewhere">edit</a>]</div> About 100 rioters clashed with the RUC in Bellaghy and the Orange hall was hit by a number of petrol-bombs.<a href="#cite_note-burn-49">[49]</a> Another three Orange halls were burnt in Portadown, <a href="/wiki/Dunloy" title="Dunloy">Dunloy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moy,_County_Tyrone" title="Moy, County Tyrone">Moy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-der-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars-48">[48]</a> During disturbances in Portadown on Tuesday morning, an RUC officer was shot in the arm and leg by IRA members near Garvaghy Road.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> In Newry, British government buildings were set on fire and a train was partially burnt out at the railway station.<a href="#cite_note-10ira-29">[29]</a> Also in Newry, on the Dublin Road a van driver was stopped and forced to take two beer kegs to the nearby vehicle checkpoint. The suspect device was dealt with by the British Army.<a href="#cite_note-bnl9797-53">[53]</a> On Tuesday evening, protesters held a "white line picket" in The Shambles area of Armagh. A crowd of several hundred surged up English Street and were blocked by a line of RUC Land Rovers. The picket lasted an hour and was concluded after Sinn Féin councillor Noel Sheridan addressed the crowd, urging them to attend further protests during the week.<a href="#cite_note-10arm-42">[42]</a> Shots were fired at the RUC in Carlton Drive, Strabane, County Tyrone. There were no injuries.<a href="#cite_note-bnl9797-53">[53]</a> Lurgan RUC station was abandoned after a hoax van bomb was left outside.<a href="#cite_note-bnl9797-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wednesday_9_July">Wednesday 9 July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Wednesday 9 July">edit</a>]</div> On 9 July, the British Government sent in 400 soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Regiment" title="Staffordshire Regiment">Staffordshire Regiment</a> to reinforce the 30,000 troops and RUC members already deployed in Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-troops-26">[26]</a> A landmine was planted by the IRA near Dungannon, and a suspected bomb was found in the city's center,<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> where several vehicles were burnt,<a href="#cite_note-troops-26">[26]</a> while a rifle was recovered at <a href="/wiki/Short_Strand" title="Short Strand">Short Strand</a> in Belfast.<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> A number of false bomb threats threw traffic into chaos.<a href="#cite_note-troops-26">[26]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Carrickmore" title="Carrickmore">Carrickmore</a>, County Tyrone, yet another Orange hall was set on fire.<a href="#cite_note-ars-48">[48]</a> In Lurgan's Kilwilkie estate, RUC and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Regiment_(1992)" title="Royal Irish Regiment (1992)">Royal Irish Regiment</a> troops tried to clear residents from their homes after claiming there was a bomb near the railway line. When a man was allegedly assaulted by the troops, about 150 people gathered to confront them. RUC officers threatened to fire plastic bullets at the gathering crowd before the bulk of the forces agreed to leave the area. Since Tuesday, the RUC recorded 76 people arrested, 900 plastic bullets fired and 265 attacks on the security forces.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> In West Belfast, a <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bomb</a> exploded outside shops on the Andersonstown Road. The car had been left by three men wearing dark glasses and carrying walkie-talkies. Sinn Féin members helped clear the area and claimed that the RUC took almost an hour to answer a call from a member of the public. Loyalists were believed to be responsible for the blast.<a href="#cite_note-10uda-10">[10]</a> The LVF vowed to shoot people in the Republic if the marches were banned. The later threat was taken "very seriously" by <a href="/wiki/Garda%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardaí">Gardaí</a> commander Pat Byrne, who put on alert all security checkpoints along the border.<a href="#cite_note-troops-26">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MOD_vehicle,_Spadeadam_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_827495-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/MOD_vehicle%2C_Spadeadam_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_827495-cropped.jpg/172px-MOD_vehicle%2C_Spadeadam_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_827495-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/MOD_vehicle%2C_Spadeadam_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_827495-cropped.jpg/258px-MOD_vehicle%2C_Spadeadam_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_827495-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/MOD_vehicle%2C_Spadeadam_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_827495-cropped.jpg/343px-MOD_vehicle%2C_Spadeadam_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_827495-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A Saxon armoured vehicle like those used by the British Army during the July 1997 riots</figcaption></figure> The Orange Order vowed to gather its entire organisation at Ormeau Park if the parade there was banned. Converserly, the Bogside Residents Group called for a huge demonstration to stop 12 July Orange march in Derry.<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thursday_10_July">Thursday 10 July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Thursday 10 July">edit</a>]</div> In Belfast, the North of Ireland Rugby & Cricket Club and the <a href="/wiki/Carnmoney" title="Carnmoney">Carnmoney</a> Church of Ireland were damaged in arson attacks. There was a security alert at Newry RUC station and the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> Headquarters received a hoax letter bomb in the post.<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Lisnaskea" title="Lisnaskea">Lisnaskea</a>, five commercial buildings owned by Orangemen were attacked and an Orange hall was petrol-bombed in Waterside, Derry.<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> Violence waned as the Orange Order announced it was reconsidering the route of several parades.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> A dissident group inside the Order called the decision a "terrible betrayal".<a href="#cite_note-twelf-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friday_11_July">Friday 11 July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Friday 11 July">edit</a>]</div> On 11 July, in North Belfast, the IRA launched a gun and bomb attack on a checkpoint guarded by a <a href="/wiki/Saxon_(vehicle)" title="Saxon (vehicle)">Saxon</a> armoured vehicle. Three British soldiers and two RUC officers were injured, among them a female constable. The IRA unit dismounted from a car and fired 56 shots from two AK-47 assault rifles and also threw a coffee jar bomb.<a href="#cite_note-sax-46">[46]</a> The soldiers were members of the recently arrived Staffordshire Regiment.<a href="#cite_note-scuffles-54">[54]</a> In a separate incident on Doon Road, in West Belfast, an RUC/British Army patrol was the target of a grenade attack.<a href="#cite_note-sax-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> reported that two teenage Protestants at an <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Night" title="Eleventh Night">Eleventh Night</a> bonfire in North Belfast were shot and wounded by republican gunmen who had fired across a peace line.<a href="#cite_note-scuffles-54">[54]</a> The INLA was blamed, although the group denied responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> One of the youths, a 14-year-old schoolboy, underwent emergency surgery.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> There were also a number of clashes between nationalists and security forces overnight.<a href="#cite_note-scuffles-54">[54]</a> An Orange hall was burned in Bond Street, Derry.<a href="#cite_note-ars-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> By 9 July, according to an RUC report, 60 RUC officers and 56 civilians had been injured while 117 people had been arrested. There had been 815 attacks on the security forces, 1,506 petrol bombs thrown and 402 hijackings. The RUC had fired 2,500 plastic bullets.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> According to other sources, over 100 people are believed to have been injured.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> The last IRA action took place on 12 July, when an <a href="/wiki/Barrack_buster" title="Barrack buster">improvised mortar</a> round fell 40 yards (37 m) short of the helipd of RUC/British Army base at Newtownhamilton, South Armagh.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Arsonists attacked an Orange hall in <a href="/wiki/Warrenpoint" title="Warrenpoint">Warrenpoint</a>, County Down and another in <a href="/wiki/Rasharkin" title="Rasharkin">Rasharkin</a>, County Antrim.<a href="#cite_note-ars-48">[48]</a> Local Sinn Féin councillor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(politician)" title="Paul Butler (politician)">Paul Butler</a> and other republican residents claimed to have uncovered a "British Army spy post" in the Summerhill area of <a href="/wiki/Twinbrook,_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Twinbrook, Belfast">Twinbrook</a>, Belfast, allegedly used during the riots to track the neighbours' movements.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The violence died down on 10 July when the Orange Order decided unilaterally to re-route six parades. The following day, Orangemen and residents agreed to waive another march in <a href="/wiki/Newtownbutler" title="Newtownbutler">Newtownbutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Fermanagh" title="County Fermanagh">County Fermanagh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> In Pomeroy, County Tyrone, nationalist residents blocked Orangemen's return parade with a counter-demonstration,<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> while the marches in Newry<a href="#cite_note-twelf-5">[5]</a> and Lower Ormeau were cancelled outright.<a href="#cite_note-seven-4">[4]</a> The Order's gesture was unheard of in its 202-year history. According to <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> minister Bill Hoey, a member of the Order, "this was an extremely bitter pill to swallow, but the powers that be made it clear to us that to have taken any other decision would have meant civil war."<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Author Eric Kaufmann claims that the RUC overstated security threats to trick county lodge officials into taking the decision.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> This was the last time the Order carried on their march through the Garvaghy Road in Portadown,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> forbidden since 1998 by the Parades Commission.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In a parallel development, on 9 July, the British government assured Sinn Féin that in the event of a new IRA ceasefire, representatives of that party would be allowed to meet with government ministers. A week later, Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness called for a renewal of the IRA's 1994 ceasefire. The IRA announced the restoration of the ceasefire on 19 July.<a href="#cite_note-Jul-3">[3]</a> The Last Gunman, a photograph taken by Brendan Murphy of an IRA man firing an AK-47 on Ormeau Road, became an iconic image of the Troubles.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1969_Northern_Ireland_riots" title="1969 Northern Ireland riots">1969 Northern Ireland riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Derry_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Derry riots">1996 Derry riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">Drumcree conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1990%E2%80%931999)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1990–1999)">Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1990–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_National_Liberation_Army_actions" title="Timeline of Irish National Liberation Army actions">Timeline of Irish National Liberation Army actions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Continuity_IRA_actions" title="Timeline of Continuity IRA actions">Timeline of Continuity IRA actions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidrowlands.co.uk/gallery/gal_detail.asp?varPaintCode=166">"David Rowlands Military Artist"</a>. www.davidrowlands.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.davidrowlands.co.uk&rft.atitle=David+Rowlands+Military+Artist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidrowlands.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgal_detail.asp%3FvarPaintCode%3D166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1997+Northern+Ireland+riots" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rep-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rep_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rep_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rep_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rep_2-3">d</a> The Rosemary Nelson Inquiry Report. 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Associated Press, 7 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/blow-from-ruc-baton-led-to-death-expert-says-14504896.html">"Blow from RUC baton led to death, expert says"</a>. The Belfast Telegraph, 23 September 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://republican-news.org/archive/1997/July10/10bell.html">"Residents battered in Bellaghy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht" title="An Phoblacht">An Phoblacht</a>. 10 July 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-sax-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sax_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sax_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sax_46-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/2310">"IRA attack leaves five casualties"</a>. An Phoblacht, 17 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbash1997" class="citation news cs1">Barbash, Fred (8 July 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/07/08/rioting-spreads-across-northern-ireland/42dab025-be3d-49d1-b366-3a53938aafc8/">"Rioting Spreads Across Northern Ireland"</a>. Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved 7 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Rioting+Spreads+Across+Northern+Ireland&rft.date=1997-07-08&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Barbash&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1997%2F07%2F08%2Frioting-spreads-across-northern-ireland%2F42dab025-be3d-49d1-b366-3a53938aafc8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1997+Northern+Ireland+riots" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ars-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ars_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ars_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ars_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ars_48-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ars_48-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1997/nov/24/arson-attacks">"Arson Attacks (Hansard, 24 November 1997)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. 24 November 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.atitle=Arson+Attacks+%28Hansard%2C+24+November+1997%29&rft.date=1997-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1997%2Fnov%2F24%2Farson-attacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1997+Northern+Ireland+riots" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-burn-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burn_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-burn_49-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WXlIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zgINAAAAIBAJ&pg=1431,1139531&dq=belfast+arson+1997&hl=en">"Rioting continues in Northern Ireland"</a> by Shawn Pogatchnik. Associated Press, 8 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Irish Independent, 09 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EKRUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fTsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5340,1766559&dq=catholic-and-ira-rioters&hl=en">"Rioting continues in Northern Ireland"</a> by Shawn Pogatchnik. Associated Press, 8 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_DFdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L1sNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1482,834684&dq=train-burned-in-northern-ireland&hl=en">"Train burned in Northern Ireland"</a>. Associated Press, 8 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-bnl9797-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bnl9797_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bnl9797_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bnl9797_53-2">c</a> Belfast News Letter, 9 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-scuffles-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scuffles_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scuffles_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scuffles_54-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/scuffles-at-orange-marches-1250414.html">"Scuffles at Orange marches"</a> by David McKittrick. The Independent. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Sunday World, 13 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Sunday Tribune, 27 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Harnden, Toby. Bandit Country: The IRA and South Armagh. Coronet Books, 2000. p. 424; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-71737-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-71737-8">0-340-71737-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Shattered hopes". Lincolnshire Echo. 12 July 1997. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lincolnshire+Echo&rft.atitle=Shattered+hopes&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1997-07-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1997+Northern+Ireland+riots" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1997" class="citation web cs1">Butler, Paul (17 July 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://republican-news.org/archive/1997/July17/17flat.html">"Sinn Féin uncovers spy post"</a>. An Phoblacht. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040105085721/http://republican-news.org:80/archive/1997/July17/17flat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2004. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+Phoblacht&rft.atitle=Sinn+F%C3%A9in+uncovers+spy+post&rft.date=1997-07-17&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepublican-news.org%2Farchive%2F1997%2FJuly17%2F17flat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1997+Northern+Ireland+riots" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9JxjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dvEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6560,53629&dq=civil+war+orange+order&hl=en">"Protestants offer an olive branch"</a>, Associated Press, 11 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Kaufmann, Eric. The Orange Order: A Contemporary Northern Irish History. Oxford University Press, 2007. pp. 181–82; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199208484" title="Special:BookSources/0199208484">0199208484</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Daugherty Rasnic, Carol. Northern Ireland: can Sean and John live in peace?. Brandylane Publishers, 2003. p. 54; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883911-55-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-883911-55-9">1-883911-55-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/drumcree-dispute-cannot-run-forever-and-ever-and-day-hewitt-276746">"Drumcree dispute '˜cannot run on forever and ever and day': Hewitt"</a>. www.newsletter.co.uk. 7 July 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newsletter.co.uk&rft.atitle=Drumcree+dispute+%27%CB%9Ccannot+run+on+forever+and+ever+and+day%27%3A+Hewitt&rft.date=2018-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsletter.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fdrumcree-dispute-cannot-run-forever-and-ever-and-day-hewitt-276746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1997+Northern+Ireland+riots" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/galleries/news/article28480433.ece">The Last Gunman</a> by Brendan Murphy (nº 280) – <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Telegraph" title="Belfast Telegraph">Belfast Telegraph</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/images/photos/murphy/murphy03.htm">"CAIN: Issues: Violence: Murphy, Brendan. (2003) 'Eyewitness: Four Decades of Northern Life'"</a>. cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cain.ulster.ac.uk&rft.atitle=CAIN%3A+Issues%3A+Violence%3A+Murphy%2C+Brendan.+%282003%29+%27Eyewitness%3A+Four+Decades+of+Northern+Life%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcain.ulster.ac.uk%2Fimages%2Fphotos%2Fmurphy%2Fmurphy03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1997+Northern+Ireland+riots" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Northern_Ireland_riots&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TL07Wr1Pv6A">ITN News report about the riots (6 July 1997) on YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsteOt7B_kM">Another news report about the riots (7 July 1997) on YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Troubles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Troubles" title="Template:The Troubles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Troubles" title="Template talk:The Troubles"><abbr title="Discuss this 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;">United Kingdom</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Defence_Regiment" title="Ulster Defence Regiment">Ulster Defence Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Research_Unit" title="Force Research Unit">Force Research Unit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Special_Constabulary" title="Ulster Special Constabulary">Ulster Special Constabulary</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;">Ireland</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_(Ireland)" title="Defence Forces (Ireland)">Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Garda Síochána</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism#Republicanism_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republican paramilitaries</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">INLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_People%27s_Liberation_Organisation" title="Irish People's Liberation Organisation">Irish People's Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Republican_Action_Force" title="South Armagh Republican Action Force">Republican Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire_(1967%E2%80%9375)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saor Éire (1967–75)">Saor Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_O%27Hare#Kidnapping_and_second_imprisonment" title="Dessie O'Hare">Irish Revolutionary Brigade</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;">Vigilantes</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Direct Action Against Drugs">Direct Action Against Drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism#Paramilitary_and_vigilante_groups" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalist paramilitaries</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Force" title="Ulster Volunteer Force">Ulster Volunteer Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Defence_Association" title="Ulster Defence Association">Ulster Defence Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hand_Commando" title="Red Hand Commando">Red Hand Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Resistance" title="Ulster Resistance">Ulster Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_Volunteer_Force" title="Loyalist Volunteer Force">Loyalist Volunteer Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Protestant_Volunteers" title="Ulster Protestant Volunteers">Ulster Protestant Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Third Force (Northern Ireland)">Ulster Third Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Service_Corps" title="Ulster Volunteer Service Corps">Ulster Volunteer Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Orange_Welfare" title="Down Orange Welfare">Down Orange Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Action_Force" title="Protestant Action Force">Protestant Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodvale_Defence_Association" title="Woodvale Defence Association">Woodvale Defence Association</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;">Vigilantes</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Protestant_Action" title="Ulster Protestant Action">Ulster Protestant Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Service_Corps" title="Ulster Service Corps">Ulster Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Volunteers_(1972)" title="Orange Volunteers (1972)">Orange Volunteers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Troubles" title="Timeline of the Troubles">Major events</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1967–1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_civil_rights_movement" title="Northern Ireland civil rights movement">Northern Ireland civil rights movement</a></li> <li>1969</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Northern_Ireland_riots" title="1969 Northern Ireland riots">NI riots</a></li> <li>1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Curfew" title="Falls Curfew">Falls Curfew</a></li> <li>1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Demetrius" title="Operation Demetrius">Operation Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballymurphy_massacre" title="Ballymurphy massacre">Ballymurphy massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGurk%27s_Bar_bombing" title="McGurk's Bar bombing">McGurk's Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Balmoral_Furniture_Company_bombing" title="1971 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing">Balmoral showroom bombing</a></li> <li>1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1972)" title="Bloody Sunday (1972)">Bloody Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abercorn_Restaurant_bombing" title="Abercorn Restaurant bombing">Abercorn Restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donegall_Street_bombing" title="Donegall Street bombing">Donegall Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_rule_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Direct rule (Northern Ireland)">Beginning of direct rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Friday_(1972)" title="Bloody Friday (1972)">Bloody Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Motorman" title="Operation Motorman">Operation Motorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Old_Bailey_bombing" title="1973 Old Bailey bombing">Old Bailey bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunningdale_Agreement" title="Sunningdale Agreement">Sunningdale Agreement</a></li> <li>1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M62_coach_bombing" title="M62 coach bombing">M62 coach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Workers%27_Council_strike" title="Ulster Workers' Council strike">Ulster Workers' Council strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Monaghan_bombings" title="Dublin and Monaghan bombings">Dublin & Monaghan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford_pub_bombings" title="Guildford pub bombings">Guildford pub bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_pub_bombings" title="Birmingham pub bombings">Birmingham pub bombings</a></li> <li>1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Showband_killings" title="Miami Showband killings">Miami Showband killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayardo_Bar_attack" title="Bayardo Bar attack">Bayardo Bar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullyvallen_massacre" title="Tullyvallen massacre">Tullyvallen massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcombe_Street_siege" title="Balcombe Street siege">Balcombe Street siege</a></li> <li>1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reavey_and_O%27Dowd_killings" title="Reavey and O'Dowd killings">Reavey and O'Dowd killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsmill_massacre" title="Kingsmill massacre">Kingsmill massacre</a></li> <li>1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mon_restaurant_bombing" title="La Mon restaurant bombing">La Mon restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_British_Army_Gazelle_downing" title="1978 British Army Gazelle downing">Jonesborough Gazelle downing</a></li> <li>1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenpoint_ambush" title="Warrenpoint ambush">Warrenpoint ambush</a></li> <li>1981</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">Republican hunger strike</a></li> <li>1982</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droppin_Well_bombing" title="Droppin Well bombing">Droppin Well bombing</a></li> <li>1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maze_Prison_escape" title="Maze Prison escape">Maze Prison escape</a></li> <li>1984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a></li> <li>1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Newry_mortar_attack" title="1985 Newry mortar attack">Newry mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a></li> <li>1987</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughgall_ambush" title="Loughgall ambush">Loughgall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day_bombing" title="Remembrance Day bombing">Remembrance Day bombing</a></li> <li>1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Start of peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flavius" title="Operation Flavius">Operation Flavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milltown_Cemetery_attack" title="Milltown Cemetery attack">Milltown Cemetery attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporals_killings" title="Corporals killings">Corporals killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_IRA_attacks_in_the_Netherlands" title="1988 IRA attacks in the Netherlands">IRA attacks in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1988 British Army Lynx shootdown">Aughanduff Lynx shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_bus_bombing" title="Ballygawley bus bombing">Ballygawley bus bombing</a></li> <li>1989</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deal_barracks_bombing" title="Deal barracks bombing">Deal barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Derryard_checkpoint" title="Attack on Derryard checkpoint">Attack on Derryard checkpoint</a></li> <li>1990–1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990%E2%80%931997)" title="South Armagh Sniper (1990–1997)">South Armagh sniper campaign</a></li> <li>1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_British_Army_Gazelle_shootdown" title="1990 British Army Gazelle shootdown">Augher Lynx shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_bomb#October_1990_proxy_bombings" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy bombings</a></li> <li>1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_mortar_attack" title="Downing Street mortar attack">Downing Street mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Cappagh_killings" title="1991 Cappagh killings">Cappagh killings</a></li> <li>1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teebane_bombing" title="Teebane bombing">Teebane bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Falls_Road_Office_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Falls Road Office shooting"> Sinn Féin Headquarters shooting</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Graham_bookmakers%27_shooting" title="Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting">Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting</a></li> <li>1993</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_bombings" title="Warrington bombings">Warrington bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Bishopsgate_bombing" title="1993 Bishopsgate bombing">Bishopsgate bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankill_Road_bombing" title="Shankill Road bombing">Shankill Road bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greysteel_massacre" title="Greysteel massacre">Greysteel massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_Declaration" title="Downing Street Declaration">Downing Street Declaration</a></li> <li>1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1994 British Army Lynx shootdown">Crossmaglen Lynx downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughinisland_massacre" title="Loughinisland massacre">Loughinisland massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles#First_ceasefire" title="The Troubles">Ceasefires of the Provisional IRA, UVF, UDA and RHC</a></li> <li>1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Docklands_bombing" title="1996 Docklands bombing">Docklands bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Manchester_bombing" title="1996 Manchester bombing">Manchester bombing</a></li> <li>1997</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NI riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles#Second_ceasefire" title="The Troubles">Second IRA ceasefire</a></li> <li>1998</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagh_bombing" title="Omagh bombing">Omagh bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;">Political parties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism#Political_parties" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republican parties</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Official Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">Irish Republican Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland" title="Communist Party of Ireland">Communist Party of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independence_Party" title="Irish Independence Party">Irish Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Socialist_Collective" title="Republican Socialist Collective">Republican Socialist Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Unity (Northern Ireland)">Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism#Political_parties" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalist parties</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Unionist_Party" title="Progressive Unionist Party">Progressive Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Unionist_Progressive_Party" title="Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party">Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Unionist_Party" title="UK Unionist Party">UK Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Democratic_Party" title="Ulster Democratic Party">Ulster Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;">Other parties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Segregation in Northern Ireland">Segregation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peace_lines" title="Peace lines">peace lines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Derry" title="Free Derry">Free Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Troubles_films" title="List of The Troubles films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_flags_issue" title="Northern Ireland flags issue">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murals_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Murals in Northern Ireland">Murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parades_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Parades in Northern Ireland">Parades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_punishment_attacks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland">Punishment attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_finances_in_the_Troubles" title="Paramilitary finances in the Troubles">Finances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Category_Status" title="Special Category Status">Special Category Status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot-to-kill_policy_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Shoot-to-kill policy in Northern Ireland">Shoot-to-kill policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Maze" title="HM Prison Maze">HM Prison Maze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_techniques" title="Five techniques">Five techniques</a></li></ul> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Troubles_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Category:The Troubles (Northern Ireland)">Category</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PIRA" title="Template:PIRA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PIRA" title="Template talk:PIRA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PIRA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PIRA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">Anti-Treaty IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_News" title="Republican News">Republican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht" title="An Phoblacht">An Phoblacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Book_(IRA)" title="The Green Book (IRA)">The Green Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Troubles" title="Timeline of the Troubles">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Haughey arms crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_campaign" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army campaign">IRA campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_IRA_actions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronology of Provisional IRA actions">Chronology of Provisional IRA actions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army arms importation">Arms importation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_used_by_the_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="List of weapons used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army">Weaponry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrack_buster" title="Barrack buster">Barrack buster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_tactical_vehicles_of_the_Provisional_IRA" title="Improvised tactical vehicles of the Provisional IRA">Improvised tactical vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountjoy_Prison_helicopter_escape" title="Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape">Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_protest" title="Blanket protest">Blanket protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_protest" title="Dirty protest">Dirty protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Maze" title="HM Prison Maze">HM Prison Maze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maze_Prison_escape" title="Maze Prison escape">Maze Prison escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalite_and_ballot_box_strategy" title="Armalite and ballot box strategy">Armalite and ballot box strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_punishment_attacks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland">Punishment attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappeared_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Disappeared (Northern Ireland)">Disappeared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithwick_Tribunal" title="Smithwick Tribunal">Smithwick Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Army_Council" title="IRA Army Council">IRA Army Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Northern_Command" title="IRA Northern Command">IRA Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Southern_Command" title="IRA Southern Command">IRA Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Unit" title="Internal Security Unit">Internal Security Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_service_unit" title="Active service unit">Active service unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Belfast_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade">Belfast Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Derry_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA Derry Brigade">Derry Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_South_Armagh_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade">South Armagh Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_East_Tyrone_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade">East Tyrone Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcombe_Street_Gang" title="Balcombe Street Gang">Balcombe Street Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chronologies_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions" title="List of chronologies of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions">Actions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Matthew%27s" title="Battle of St Matthew's">Battle of St Matthew's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Curfew" title="Falls Curfew">Falls Curfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Crossmaglen_bombing" title="1970 Crossmaglen bombing">1970 Crossmaglen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Scottish_soldiers%27_killings" title="1971 Scottish soldiers' killings">Scottish soldiers' killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lion_Pub_bombing" title="Red Lion Pub bombing">Red Lion bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Balmoral_Furniture_Company_bombing" title="1971 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing">Balmoral showroom bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abercorn_Restaurant_bombing" title="Abercorn Restaurant bombing">Abercorn bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donegall_Street_bombing" title="Donegall Street bombing">Donegall Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Springmartin" title="Battle at Springmartin">Battle at Springmartin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lenadoon" title="Battle of Lenadoon">Battle of Lenadoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Friday_(1972)" title="Bloody Friday (1972)">Bloody Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudy_bombing" title="Claudy bombing">Claudy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry_customs_bombing" title="Newry customs bombing">Newry customs bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Old_Bailey_bombing" title="1973 Old Bailey bombing">Old Bailey bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Honey_Trap_killings" title="Provisional IRA Honey Trap killings">Honey Trap killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_King%27s_Cross_and_Euston_stations" title="Bombings of King's Cross and Euston stations">King's Cross & Euston bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Coleraine_bombings" title="1973 Coleraine bombings">Coleraine bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Westminster_bombing" title="1973 Westminster bombing">1973 Westminster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M62_coach_bombing" title="M62 coach bombing">M62 bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_UDR_Clogher_barracks" title="Attack on UDR Clogher barracks">Clogher attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Houses_of_Parliament_bombing" title="1974 Houses of Parliament bombing">Houses of Parliament bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Tower_of_London_bombing" title="1974 Tower of London bombing">Tower of London bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford_pub_bombings" title="Guildford pub bombings">Guildford pub bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_School_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrow School bombing">Harrow School bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%27s_Club_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooks's Club bombing">Brooks's Club bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolwich_pub_bombing" title="Woolwich pub bombing">Woolwich pub bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_British_Airways_bombing_attempt" title="1974 British Airways bombing attempt">British Airways bombing attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_pub_bombings" title="Birmingham pub bombings">Birmingham pub bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_London_pillar_box_bombings" title="1974 London pillar box bombings">London pillar box bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Talbot Arms pub bombing">Talbot Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Bristol_bombing" title="1974 Bristol bombing">Bristol bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone exchange bombings">Telephone exchange bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Oxford_Street_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Oxford Street bombing">1974 Oxford Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Tower_and_Portman_Hotel_shootings" title="Carlton Tower and Portman Hotel shootings">Carlton Tower & Portman Hotel shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountainview_Tavern_attack" title="Mountainview Tavern attack">Mountainview attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayardo_Bar_attack" title="Bayardo Bar attack">Bayardo Bar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkhill_land_mine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkhill land mine attack">Forkhill attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Caterham Arms pub bombing">Caterham Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullyvallen_massacre" title="Tullyvallen massacre">Tullyvallen massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Hilton_bombing" title="London Hilton bombing">London Hilton bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Piccadilly_bombing" title="1975 Piccadilly bombing">Piccadilly bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trattoria_Fiore_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Trattoria Fiore bombing">Trattoria Fiore bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott%27s_Oyster_Bar_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott's Oyster Bar bombing">Scott's Oyster Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton%27s_Restaurant_bombing" title="Walton's Restaurant bombing">Walton's Restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummuckavall_ambush" title="Drummuckavall ambush">Drummuckavall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcombe_Street_siege" title="Balcombe Street siege">Balcombe Street siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsmill_massacre" title="Kingsmill massacre">Kingsmill massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ham_station_attack" title="West Ham station attack">West Ham station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Olympia_bombing" title="1976 Olympia bombing">Olympia bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Store_Bar_shooting" title="The Store Bar shooting">Store bar shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_Inn_attack" title="Stag Inn attack">Stag Inn attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryhinch_ambush" title="Garryhinch ambush">Garryhinch ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_British_Army_Gazelle_downing" title="1978 British Army Gazelle downing">Jonesborough Gazelle downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mon_restaurant_bombing" title="La Mon restaurant bombing">La Mon restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Crossmaglen_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 Crossmaglen ambush">Crossmaglen ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenpoint_ambush" title="Warrenpoint ambush">Warrenpoint ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Brussels_bombing" title="1979 Brussels bombing">Brussels bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungannon_land_mine_attack" title="Dungannon land mine attack">Dungannon attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunmurry_train_bombing" title="Dunmurry train bombing">Dunmurry train bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_shipping_in_Lough_Foyle_(1981%E2%80%9382)" title="Attacks on shipping in Lough Foyle (1981–82)">Lough Foyle attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasdrumman_ambush" title="Glasdrumman ambush">Glasdrumman ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessbrook_landmine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessbrook landmine attack">1981 Bessbrook attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Barracks_bombing" title="Chelsea Barracks bombing">Chelsea Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_and_Regent%27s_Park_bombings" title="Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings">Hyde Park & Regent's Park bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrods bombing">Harrods bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Royal_Artillery_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 Royal Artillery Barracks bombing">Royal Artillery Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_land_mine_attack" title="Ballygawley land mine attack">Ballygawley land mine attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Newry_mortar_attack" title="1985 Newry mortar attack">Newry mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Ballygawley_barracks" title="Attack on Ballygawley barracks">Ballygawley attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_attack_on_Enniskillen_barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortar attack on Enniskillen barracks">Enniskillen mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_RUC_Birches_barracks" title="Attack on RUC Birches barracks">RUC Birches barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Rheindahlen_bombing" title="1987 Rheindahlen bombing">Rheindahlen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughgall_ambush" title="Loughgall ambush">Loughgall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flavius" title="Operation Flavius">Operation Flavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporals_killings" title="Corporals killings">Corporals killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn_van_bombing" title="Lisburn van bombing">Lisburn bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1988 British Army Lynx shootdown">Aughanduff Lynx shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_IRA_attacks_in_the_Netherlands" title="1988 IRA attacks in the Netherlands">1988 Netherlands attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_barracks_bombing" title="Glamorgan barracks bombing">Glamorgan barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglis_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Inglis Barracks bombing">Inglis Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_bus_bombing" title="Ballygawley bus bombing">Ballygawley bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Jonesborough_ambush" title="1989 Jonesborough ambush">Jonesborough ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive Barracks bombing">Clive Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deal_barracks_bombing" title="Deal barracks bombing">Deal barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayobridge_landmine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayobridge landmine attack">Mayobridge attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Derryard_checkpoint" title="Attack on Derryard checkpoint">Derryard attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1990%E2%80%931991)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1990–1991)">1990–1991</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_British_Army_Gazelle_shootdown" title="1990 British Army Gazelle shootdown">Derrygorry Gazelle downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990%E2%80%931997)" title="South Armagh Sniper (1990–1997)">South Armagh sniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Downpatrick_roadside_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Downpatrick roadside bomb">Downpatrick roadside bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Conservation" title="Operation Conservation">Operation Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Wembley_bombing" title="1990 Wembley bombing">1990 Wembley bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_bombing" title="Carlton Club bombing">Carlton Club bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_bombing" title="London Stock Exchange bombing">London Stock Exchange bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable Artillery Company bombing">Honourable Artillery Company bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_gun_attack" title="Lichfield gun attack">Lichfield gun attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFA_Fort_Victoria_bombing" title="RFA Fort Victoria bombing">RFA Fort Victoria bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_bomb" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_mortar_attack" title="Downing Street mortar attack">Downing Street mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Paddington_and_Victoria_stations" title="Bombings of Paddington and Victoria stations">Paddington & Victoria station bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullacreevie_ambush" title="Mullacreevie ambush">Mullacreevie ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenanne_barracks_bombing" title="Glenanne barracks bombing">Glenanne barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagh_ambush" title="Coagh ambush">Coagh ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Park_Hospital_bombing" title="Musgrave Park Hospital bombing">Musgrave Park Hospital bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumlin_Road_Prison_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Crumlin Road Prison bombing">Crumlin Road Prison bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1992%E2%80%931999)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1992–1999)">1992–1997</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teebane_bombing" title="Teebane bombing">Teebane bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonoe_ambush" title="Clonoe ambush">Clonoe ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_London_Bridge_bombing" title="1992 London Bridge bombing">London Bridge bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Staples_Corner_bombing" title="1992 Staples Corner bombing">Staples Cnr bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Exchange_bombing" title="Baltic Exchange bombing">Baltic Exchange bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Sussex Arms pub bombing">Sussex Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Cloghoge_checkpoint" title="Attack on Cloghoge checkpoint">Cloghoge attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Coalisland_riots" title="1992 Coalisland riots">Coalisland riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_Science_Laboratory_bombing" title="Forensic Science Laboratory bombing">Forensic Science Laboratory bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Newington_Road_lorry_bomb" title="Stoke Newington Road lorry bomb">Stoke Newington Road bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Manchester_bombing" title="1992 Manchester bombing">1992 Manchester bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives_(1992)" class="mw-redirect" title="Night of the Long Knives (1992)">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Harrods_bombing" title="1993 Harrods bombing">1993 Harrods bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_bombings" title="Warrington bombings">Warrington bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Cullaville" title="Occupation of Cullaville">Cullaville occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Camden_Town_bombing" title="1993 Camden Town bombing">Camden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Bishopsgate_bombing" title="1993 Bishopsgate bombing">Bishopsgate bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Finchley_Road_bombings" title="1993 Finchley Road bombings">Finchley Road bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Newry_Road" title="Battle of Newry Road">Battle of Newry Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankill_Road_bombing" title="Shankill Road bombing">Shankill Road bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Fivemiletown_ambush" title="1993 Fivemiletown ambush">1993 Fivemiletown ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_mortar_attacks" title="Heathrow mortar attacks">Heathrow attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1994 British Army Lynx shootdown">Crossmaglen Lynx downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">Drumcree conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Docklands_bombing" title="1996 Docklands bombing">Docklands bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldwych_bus_bombing" title="Aldwych bus bombing">Aldwych bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Manchester_bombing" title="1996 Manchester bombing">1996 Manchester bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Hammersmith_Bridge_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Hammersmith Bridge bombing">Hammersmith Bridge bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck_mortar_attack" title="Osnabrück mortar attack">Osnabrück mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiepval_barracks_bombing" title="Thiepval barracks bombing">Thiepval barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Coalisland_attack" title="1997 Coalisland attack">Coalisland attack</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1997 Northern Ireland riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Irish_Republican_Army" title="List of members of the Irish Republican Army">Personalities</a> <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_(Irish_republican)" title="Volunteer (Irish republican)">(Volunteers)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Agnew_(Irish_republican)" title="Paddy Agnew (Irish republican)">Paddy Agnew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martina_Anderson" title="Martina Anderson">Martina Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declan_Arthurs" title="Declan Arthurs">Declan Arthurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Begley" title="Thomas Begley">Thomas Begley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Bell" title="Ivor Bell">Ivor Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Black_(Irish_republican)" title="Patricia Black (Irish republican)">Patricia Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Breslin" title="Charles Breslin">Charles Breslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Butler_(Irish_republican)" title="Edward Butler (Irish republican)">Edward Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(politician)" title="Paul Butler (politician)">Paul Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cahill" title="Joe Cahill">Joe Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Campbell" title="Liam Campbell">Liam Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergal_Caraher" title="Fergal Caraher">Fergal Caraher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachy_Carey" title="Malachy Carey">Malachy Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Carron" title="Owen Carron">Owen Carron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(Irish_republican)" title="Gerard Casey (Irish republican)">Gerard Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car%C3%A1l_N%C3%AD_Chuil%C3%ADn" title="Carál Ní Chuilín">Carál Ní Chuilín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Cleary" title="Gabriel Cleary">Gabriel Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cleary" title="Peter Cleary">Peter Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Coen" title="Kevin Coen">Kevin Coen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Copeland" title="Eddie Copeland">Eddie Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Coyle" title="Marion Coyle">Marion Coyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Davison" title="Gerard Davison">Gerard Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Devlin_(Irish_republican)" title="Matt Devlin (Irish republican)">Matt Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Hugh Doherty (Irish republican)">Hugh Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Doherty" title="Joe Doherty">Joe Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Doherty_(hunger_striker)" title="Kieran Doherty (hunger striker)">Kieran Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Martin Doherty (Irish republican)">Martin Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Doherty_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Pat Doherty (Northern Ireland politician)">Pat Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Duffy" title="Colin Duffy">Colin Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Dugdale" title="Rose Dugdale">Rose Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_Ellis" title="Dessie Ellis">Dessie Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mair%C3%A9ad_Farrell" title="Mairéad Farrell">Mairéad Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fleming_(Irish_republican)" title="William Fleming (Irish republican)">William Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Fleming" title="Kieran Fleming">Kieran Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fox_(Irish_republican)" title="Bernard Fox (Irish republican)">Bernard Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Fusco" title="Angelo Fusco">Angelo Fusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gaughan_(Irish_republican)" title="Michael Gaughan (Irish republican)">Michael Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Green" title="John Francis Green">John Francis Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_Grew" title="Dessie Grew">Dessie Grew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison_(Irish_republican)" title="George Harrison (Irish republican)">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Hughes" title="Brendan Hughes">Brendan Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hughes" title="Francis Hughes">Francis Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hurson" title="Martin Hurson">Martin Hurson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_Jordan" title="Pearse Jordan">Pearse Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Keenan_(Irish_republican)" title="Brian Keenan (Irish republican)">Brian Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Kelly" title="Gerry Kelly">Gerry Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kelly_(Sinn_F%C3%A9in_politician)" title="John Kelly (Sinn Féin politician)">John Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Joseph_Kelly" title="Patrick Joseph Kelly">Patrick Joseph Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Kelly_(Irish_republican)" title="Sean Kelly (Irish republican)">Sean Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lynagh" title="Jim Lynagh">Jim Lynagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proinsias_Mac_Airt" title="Proinsias Mac Airt">Proinsias Mac Airt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breand%C3%A1n_Mac_Cionnaith" title="Breandán Mac Cionnaith">Breandán Mac Cionnaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Mac_Giolla_Bhrighde" title="Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde">Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_MacManus" title="Joseph MacManus">Joseph MacManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_St%C3%ADof%C3%A1in" title="Seán Mac Stíofáin">Seán Mac Stíofáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Magee_(Irish_republican)" title="Patrick Magee (Irish republican)">Patrick Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Magee" title="Paul Magee">Paul Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Maguire" title="Donna Maguire">Donna Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Marley" title="Larry Marley">Larry Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marlowe_(Irish_republican)" title="Paul Marlowe (Irish republican)">Paul Marlowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Martin_(Irish_republican)" title="Leo Martin (Irish republican)">Leo Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Maskey" title="Alex Maskey">Alex Maskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_McAuley" title="Pearse McAuley">Pearse McAuley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McCann" title="Daniel McCann">Daniel McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra_McCann" title="Fra McCann">Fra McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_McCann" title="Jennifer McCann">Jennifer McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_McCartney" title="Raymond McCartney">Raymond McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McCaughey" title="Martin McCaughey">Martin McCaughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_McCreesh" title="Raymond McCreesh">Raymond McCreesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_McDonnell_(hunger_striker)" title="Joe McDonnell (hunger striker)">Joe McDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_McElwaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Séamus McElwaine">Séamus McElwaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McElwee" title="Thomas McElwee">Thomas McElwee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_McFarlane" title="Brendan McFarlane">Brendan McFarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McFeely" title="Tom McFeely">Tom McFeely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_McGeough" title="Gerry McGeough">Gerry McGeough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_McGeown" title="Pat McGeown">Pat McGeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joe_McGirl" title="John Joe McGirl">John Joe McGirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_McKearney" title="Pádraig McKearney">Pádraig McKearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_McKearney" title="Tommy McKearney">Tommy McKearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_McKee" title="Billy McKee">Billy McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McKenna_(Irish_republican)" title="Kevin McKenna (Irish republican)">Kevin McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_McKeown" title="Laurence McKeown">Laurence McKeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McKevitt" title="Michael McKevitt">Michael McKevitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McMahon_(Irish_republican)" title="Thomas McMahon (Irish republican)">Thomas McMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_McMullan" title="Jackie McMullan">Jackie McMullan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Meehan_(Irish_republican)" title="Martin Meehan (Irish republican)">Martin Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Milne" title="Ian Milne">Ian Milne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Irish_politician)" title="Arthur Morgan (Irish politician)">Arthur Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Morrison_(Irish_republican)" title="Danny Morrison (Irish republican)">Danny Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conor_Murphy" title="Conor Murphy">Conor Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Murphy_(Irish_republican)" title="Thomas Murphy (Irish republican)">Thomas "Slab" Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Nugent" title="Kieran Nugent">Kieran Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O%27Brien_(Irish_republican)" title="Edward O'Brien (Irish republican)">Ed O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amonn_O%27Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Éamonn O'Doherty (Irish republican)">Éamonn O'Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_B._O%27Hagan" title="Joe B. O'Hagan">Joe B. O'Hagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobh%C3%A1n_O%27Hanlon" title="Siobhán O'Hanlon">Siobhán O'Hanlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_O%27Hare" title="Rita O'Hare">Rita O'Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Neill" title="Diarmuid O'Neill">Diarmuid O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolours_Price" title="Dolours Price">Dolours Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Price" title="Marian Price">Marian Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Quinn" title="Liam Quinn">Liam Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Quinn_(Irish_republican)" title="Paddy Quinn (Irish republican)">Paddy Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Reid_(Irish_republican)" title="Billy Reid (Irish republican)">Billy Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Savage" title="Seán Savage">Seán Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Sheehan_(Irish_republican)" title="Pat Sheehan (Irish republican)">Pat Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stagg_(Irish_republican)" title="Frank Stagg (Irish republican)">Frank Stagg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Steele_(Irish_republican)" title="Jimmy Steele (Irish republican)">Jimmy Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Storey" title="Bobby Storey">Bobby Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Tuite" title="Gerard Tuite">Gerard Tuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Twomey" title="Seamus Twomey">Seamus Twomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Walsh" title="Roy Walsh">Roy Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9anna_Walsh" title="Séanna Walsh">Séanna Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Espionage and <a href="/wiki/Supergrass_(informant)" title="Supergrass (informant)">Supergrasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Donaldson" title="Denis Donaldson">Denis Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fenton" title="Joseph Fenton">Joseph Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Fulton" title="Kevin Fulton">Kevin Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gilmour" title="Raymond Gilmour">Raymond Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGartland" title="Martin McGartland">Martin McGartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Callaghan" title="Sean O'Callaghan">Sean O'Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Scappaticci" title="Freddie Scappaticci">Freddie Scappaticci</a> (allegedly "<a href="/wiki/Stakeknife" class="mw-redirect" title="Stakeknife">Stakeknife</a>")</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Republican_Action_Force" title="South Armagh Republican Action Force">South Armagh Republican Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Direct Action Against Drugs">Direct Action Against Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAID" title="NORAID">NORAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troops_Out_Movement" title="Troops Out Movement">Troops Out Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity Irish Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real Irish Republican Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent killings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Agate" title="Jeffery Agate">Jeffery Stanford Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tim_Parry_Johnathan_Ball_Foundation_for_Peace" title="The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace">Johnathan Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Berry" title="Anthony Berry">Anthony Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bradford_(Northern_Irish_politician)" title="Robert Bradford (Northern Irish politician)">Robert Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bratty" title="Joe Bratty">Joe Bratty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Matthew_Burns" title="Murder of Matthew Burns">Matthew Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Cahill" title="Martin Cahill">Martin Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Elder" title="Raymond Elder">Raymond Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Evans" title="Gerard Evans">Gerard Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ewart-Biggs" title="Christopher Ewart-Biggs">Christopher Ewart-Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fenton" title="Joseph Fenton">Joseph Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Fox_(politician)" title="Billy Fox (politician)">Billy Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gibson" title="Maurice Gibson">Maurice Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gow" title="Ian Gow">Ian Gow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Heidi_Hazell" title="Killing of Heidi Hazell">Heidi Hazell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kaberry,_Baron_Kaberry_of_Adel" title="Donald Kaberry, Baron Kaberry of Adel">Donald Kaberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andrew_Kearney" title="Murder of Andrew Kearney">Andrew Kearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doreen_Knatchbull,_Baroness_Brabourne" title="Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne">Baroness Brabourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Marchant_(loyalist)" title="William Marchant (loyalist)">William "Frenchie" Marchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McBirney" title="Martin McBirney">Martin McBirney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerry_McCabe" title="Killing of Jerry McCabe">Jerry McCabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McConnell_(loyalist)" title="Robert McConnell (loyalist)">Robert McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jean_McConville" title="Murder of Jean McConville">Jean McConville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_McVeigh" title="Columba McVeigh">Columba McVeigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_McWhirter" title="Ross McWhirter">Ross McWhirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Nick_Spanos_and_Stephen_Melrose" title="Killings of Nick Spanos and Stephen Melrose">Stephen Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Murphy" title="Lenny Murphy">Lenny Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nairac" title="Robert Nairac">Robert Nairac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Thomas_Oliver" title="Murder of Thomas Oliver">Thomas Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tim_Parry_Johnathan_Ball_Foundation_for_Peace" title="The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace">Tim Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Paul_Quinn" title="Murder of Paul Quinn">Paul Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Seymour_(loyalist)" title="Robert Seymour (loyalist)">Robert Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Robert_McCartney" title="Murder of Robert McCartney">Robert McCartney</a> (allegedly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Joseph_Rafferty" title="Murder of Joseph Rafferty">Joseph Rafferty</a> (allegedly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Smallwoods" title="Ray Smallwoods">Ray Smallwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Smyth_(loyalist)" title="Sammy Smyth (loyalist)">Sammy Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Nick_Spanos_and_Stephen_Melrose" title="Killings of Nick Spanos and Stephen Melrose">Nick Spanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stronge_(Mid-Armagh_MP)" title="James Stronge (Mid-Armagh MP)">James Stronge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Stronge" title="Norman Stronge">Norman Stronge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sykes_(diplomat)" title="Richard Sykes (diplomat)">Richard Sykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Stephen_Tibble" title="Murder of Stephen Tibble">Stephen Tibble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Ward" title="Sammy Ward">Sammy Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Willetts" title="Michael Willetts">Michael Willetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="INLA_and_the_IRSP" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:INLA/IRSP" title="Template:INLA/IRSP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:INLA/IRSP" title="Template talk:INLA/IRSP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:INLA/IRSP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:INLA/IRSP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="INLA_and_the_IRSP" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">INLA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">IRSP</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Official Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Movement" title="Irish Republican Socialist Movement">Irish Republican Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Plough_(magazine)" title="The Starry Plough (magazine)">The Starry Plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_protest" title="Blanket protest">Blanket protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_protest" title="Dirty protest">Dirty protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Maze" title="HM Prison Maze">HM Prison Maze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">July 1997 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army_Belfast_Brigade" title="Irish National Liberation Army Belfast Brigade">INLA Belfast Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_National_Liberation_Army_actions" title="Timeline of Irish National Liberation Army actions">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bar_bombing" title="Central Bar bombing">Central Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Airey_Neave" title="Assassination of Airey Neave">Assassination of Airey Neave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Divis_Flats_bombing" title="1982 Divis Flats bombing">1982 Divis Flats bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droppin_Well_bombing" title="Droppin Well bombing">Droppin Well bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkley_killings" title="Darkley killings">Darkley killings</a> (denied)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Shankill_Road_killings" title="1994 Shankill Road killings">1994 Shankill Road killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtownhamilton_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtownhamilton bombing">Newtownhamilton bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Brown_(Irish_republican)" title="Jimmy Brown (Irish republican)">Jimmy Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Bunting" title="Ronnie Bunting">Ronnie Bunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Campbell_(INLA_member)" title="Patrick Campbell (INLA member)">Patrick Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Costello" title="Seamus Costello">Seamus Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Daly" title="Miriam Daly">Miriam Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Devine_(hunger_striker)" title="Michael Devine (hunger striker)">Mickey Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Devlin_McAliskey" title="Bernadette Devlin McAliskey">Bernadette Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gino_Gallagher" title="Gino Gallagher">Gino Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gilmour" title="Raymond Gilmour">Raymond Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gregory" title="Tony Gregory">Tony Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_Grew" title="Dessie Grew">Dessie Grew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Grew" title="Seamus Grew">Seamus Grew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_of_Vincennes" title="Irish of Vincennes">Stephen King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Kirkpatrick" title="Harry Kirkpatrick">Harry Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Lynch_(hunger_striker)" title="Kevin Lynch (hunger striker)">Kevin Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_McGlinchey" title="Dominic McGlinchey">Dominic McGlinchey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_%22Crip%22_McWilliams" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher "Crip" McWilliams">Christopher "Crip" McWilliams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colm_Murphy" title="Colm Murphy">Colm Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_O%27Hara" title="Patsy O'Hara">Patsy O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_O%27Hare" title="Dessie O'Hare">Dessie O'Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_%22Rook%22_O%27Prey" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin "Rook" O'Prey">Martin "Rook" O'Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_of_Vincennes" title="Irish of Vincennes">Michael Plunkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_%22Ta%22_Power" title="Thomas "Ta" Power">Thomas "Ta" Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_of_Vincennes" title="Irish of Vincennes">Mary Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Steenson" title="Gerard Steenson">Gerard Steenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Torney_(Irish_republican)" title="Hugh Torney (Irish republican)">Hugh Torney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Ward" title="Sammy Ward">Sammy Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_White" title="Johnnie White">Johnnie White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Committees_of_North_America" title="Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America">Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Socialist_Party_(Ireland)" title="Independent Socialist Party (Ireland)">Independent Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_People%27s_Liberation_Organisation" title="Irish People's Liberation Organisation">Irish People's Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Socialist_Collective" title="Republican Socialist Collective">Republican Socialist Collective</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent killings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_McMillen" title="Billy McMillen">Billy McMillen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Henry_Byrne_and_John_Morley" title="Murder of Henry Byrne and John Morley">Henry Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Henry_Byrne_and_John_Morley" title="Murder of Henry Byrne and John Morley">John Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCullough_(loyalist)" title="William McCullough (loyalist)">William McCullough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKeague" title="John McKeague">John McKeague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Joseph_Morrissey" title="Patrick Joseph Morrissey">Patrick Joseph Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_King" title="Trevor King">Trevor King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wright_(loyalist)" title="Billy Wright (loyalist)">Billy Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Continuity_IRA_and_Republican_Sinn_Féin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CIRA/RSF" title="Template:CIRA/RSF"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CIRA/RSF" title="Template talk:CIRA/RSF"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CIRA/RSF" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CIRA/RSF"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continuity_IRA_and_Republican_Sinn_Féin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">1986 Sinn Féin Ardfheis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">Abstentionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republican_legitimatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish republican legitimatism">Irish republican legitimatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire_Nua" title="Éire Nua">Éire Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoirse_Irish_Freedom" title="Saoirse Irish Freedom">Saoirse Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_republican" title="Dissident republican">Dissident republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army_actions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronology of Continuity Irish Republican Army actions">CIRA actions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amonn_O%27Doherty_(republican)" class="mw-redirect" title="Éamonn O'Doherty (republican)">Éamonn O'Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_McKee" title="Billy McKee">Billy McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Seán Ó Brádaigh">Seán Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison_(Irish_republican)" title="George Harrison (Irish republican)">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Keating" title="Dan Keating">Dan Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Stynes" title="Joe Stynes">Joe Stynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Cunningham" title="Seán Cunningham">Seán Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Keenan" title="Seán Keenan">Seán Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seosamh_%C3%93_Mhaoileoin" class="mw-redirect" title="Seosamh Ó Mhaoileoin">Seosamh Ó Mhaoileoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Dalton" title="Des Dalton">Des Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Hayden" title="Josephine Hayden">Josephine Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Corey" title="Martin Corey">Martin Corey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Republican Clan na Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Irish_Freedom_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Irish Freedom Committee (page does not exist)">National Irish Freedom Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabhair" title="Cabhair">Cabhair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commemoration_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commemoration Committee (page does not exist)">National Commemoration Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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