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engine</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: LIFE engine"> <meta name="keywords" content="LIFE engine"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="LIFE engine"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8102</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: LIFE engine</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7952</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Various Types of Rocket Engine Nozzles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konrad%20Pietrykowski">Konrad Pietrykowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Bialy"> Michal Bialy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawel%20Karpinski"> Pawel Karpinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radoslaw%20Maczka"> Radoslaw Maczka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nozzle is an element of the rocket engine in which the conversion of the potential energy of gases generated during combustion into the kinetic energy of the gas stream takes place. The design parameters of the nozzle have a decisive influence on the ballistic characteristics of the engine. Designing a nozzle assembly is, therefore, one of the most responsible stages in developing a rocket engine design. The paper presents the results of the simulation of three types of rocket propulsion nozzles. Calculations were made using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) in ANSYS Fluent software. The next types of nozzles differ in shape. The analysis was made of a conical nozzle, a bell type nozzle with a conical supersonic part and a bell type nozzle. Calculation results are presented in the form of pressure, velocity and kinetic energy distributions of turbulence in the longitudinal section. The courses of these values along the nozzles are also presented. The results show that the cone nozzle generates strong turbulence in the critical section. Which negatively affect the flow of the working medium. In the case of a bell nozzle, the transformation of the wall caused the elimination of flow disturbances in the critical section. This reduces the probability of waves forming before or after the trailing edge. The most sophisticated construction is the bell type nozzle. It allows you to maximize performance without adding extra weight. The bell type nozzle can be used as a starter and auxiliary engine nozzle due to its advantages. The project/research was financed in the framework of the project Lublin University of Technology-Regional Excellence Initiative, funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (contract no. 030/RID/2018/19). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle" title=" nozzle"> nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocket%20engine" title=" rocket engine"> rocket engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supersonic%20flow" title=" supersonic flow"> supersonic flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106607/computational-fluid-dynamics-model-of-various-types-of-rocket-engine-nozzles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7951</span> Analysis of Power Demand for the Common Rail Pump Drive in an Aircraft Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Sochaczewski">Rafal Sochaczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Szlachetka"> Marcin Szlachetka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslaw%20Wendeker"> Miroslaw Wendeker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing requirements to reduce exhaust emissions and fuel consumption while increasing the power factor is increasingly becoming applicable to internal combustion engines intended for aircraft applications. As a result, intensive research work is underway to develop a diesel-powered unit for aircraft propulsion. Due to a number of advantages, such as lack of the head (lower heat loss) and timing system, opposite movement of pistons conducive to balancing the engine, the two-stroke compression-ignition engine with the opposite pistons has been developed and upgraded. Of course, such construction also has drawbacks. The main one is the necessity of using a gear connecting two crankshafts or a complicated crank system with one shaft. The peculiarity of the arrangement of pistons with sleeves, as well as the fulfillment of rigorous requirements, makes it necessary to apply the most modern technologies and constructional solutions. In the case of the fuel supply system, it was decided to use common rail system elements. The paper presents an analysis of the possibility of using a common rail pump to supply an aircraft compression-ignition engine. It is an engine with a two-stroke cycle, three cylinders, opposing pistons, and 100 kW power. Each combustion chamber is powered by two injectors controlled by electromagnetic valves. In order to assess the possibility of using a common rail pump, four high-pressure pumps were tested on a bench. They are piston pumps differing in the number and geometry of the pumping sections. The analysis included the torque on the pump drive shaft and the power needed to drive the pump depending on the rotational speed, pumping pressure and fuel dispenser settings. The research allowed to optimize the engine power supply system depending on the fuel demand and the way the pump is mounted on the engine. Acknowledgment: This work has been realized in the cooperation with The Construction Office of WSK ‘PZL-KALISZ’ S.A.’ and is part of Grant Agreement No. POIR.01.02.00-00-0002/15 financed by the Polish Nation-al Centre for Research and Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title="diesel engine">diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20pump" title=" fuel pump"> fuel pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opposing%20pistons" title=" opposing pistons"> opposing pistons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stroke" title=" two-stroke"> two-stroke</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106699/analysis-of-power-demand-for-the-common-rail-pump-drive-in-an-aircraft-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7950</span> Modeling and Simulation of Turbulence Induced in Nozzle Cavitation and Its Effects on Internal Flow in a High Torque Low Speed Diesel Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Javaid">Ali Javaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Latif"> Rizwan Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Adnan%20Qasim"> Syed Adnan Qasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Shafi"> Imran Shafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To control combustion inside a direct injection diesel engine, fuel atomization is the best tool. Controlling combustion helps in reducing emissions and improves efficiency. Cavitation is one of the most important factors that significantly affect the nature of spray before it injects into combustion chamber. Typical fuel injector nozzles are small and operate at a very high pressure, which limits the study of internal nozzle behavior especially in case of diesel engine. Simulating cavitation in a fuel injector will help in understanding the phenomenon and will assist in further development. There is a parametric variation between high speed and high torque low speed diesel engines. The objective of this study is to simulate internal spray characteristics for a low speed high torque diesel engine. In-nozzle cavitation has strong effects on the parameters e.g. mass flow rate, fuel velocity, and momentum flux of fuel that is to be injected into the combustion chamber. The external spray dynamics and subsequently the air – fuel mixing depends on a lot of the parameters of fuel injecting the nozzle. The approach used to model turbulence induced in – nozzle cavitation for high-torque low-speed diesel engine, is homogeneous equilibrium model. The governing equations were modeled using Matlab. Complete Model in question was extensively evaluated by performing 3-D time-dependent simulations on Open FOAM, which is an open source flow solver and implemented in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Results thus obtained will be analyzed for better evaporation in the near-nozzle region. The proposed analyses will further help in better engine efficiency, low emission, and improved fuel economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation" title="cavitation">cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEM%20model" title=" HEM model"> HEM model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle%20flow" title=" nozzle flow"> nozzle flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20foam" title=" open foam"> open foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75407/modeling-and-simulation-of-turbulence-induced-in-nozzle-cavitation-and-its-effects-on-internal-flow-in-a-high-torque-low-speed-diesel-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7949</span> Developing Interactive Media for Piston Engine Lectures to Improve Cadets Learning Outcomes: Literature Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaludin%20Jamaludin">Jamaludin Jamaludin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suparji%20Suparji"> Suparji Suparji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lilik%20Anifah"> Lilik Anifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Gusti%20Putu%20Asto%20Buditjahjanto"> I. Gusti Putu Asto Buditjahjanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eppy%20Yundra"> Eppy Yundra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning media is an important and main component in the learning process. By using currently available media, cadets still have difficulty understanding how the piston engine works, so they are not able to apply these concepts appropriately. This study aims to examine the development of interactive media for piston engine courses in order to improve student learning outcomes. The research method used is a literature study of several articles, journals and proceedings of interactive media development results from 2010-2020. The results showed that the development of interactive media is needed to support the learning process and influence the cognitive abilities of students. With this interactive media, learning outcomes can be improved and the learning process can be effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactive%20media" title="interactive media">interactive media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20outcomes" title=" learning outcomes"> learning outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20process" title=" learning process"> learning process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20study" title=" literature study"> literature study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132859/developing-interactive-media-for-piston-engine-lectures-to-improve-cadets-learning-outcomes-literature-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7948</span> Analysis of Fuel Efficiency in Heavy Construction Compaction Machine and Factors Affecting Fuel Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amey%20Kulkarni">Amey Kulkarni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paavan%20Shetty"> Paavan Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amol%20Patil"> Amol Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Rajiv"> B. Rajiv</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuel Efficiency plays a very important role in overall performance of an automobile. In this paper study of fuel efficiency of heavy construction, compaction machine is done. The fuel Consumption trials are performed in order to obtain the consumption of fuel in performing certain set of actions by the compactor. Usually, Heavy Construction machines are put to work in locations where refilling the fuel tank is not an easy task and also the fuel is consumed at a greater rate than a passenger automobile. So it becomes important to have a fuel efficient machine for long working hours. The fuel efficiency is the most important point in determining the future scope of the product. A heavy construction compaction machine operates in five major roles. These five roles are traveling, Static working, High-frequency Low amplitude compaction, Low-frequency High amplitude compaction, low idle. Fuel consumption readings for 1950 rpm, 2000 rpm & 2350 rpm of the engine are taken by using differential fuel flow meter and are analyzed. And the optimum RPM setting which fulfills the fuel efficiency, as well as engine performance criteria, is considered. Also, other factors such as rear end gears, Intake and exhaust restriction for an engine, vehicle operating techniques, air drag, Tribological aspects, Tires are considered for increasing the fuel efficiency of the compactor. The fuel efficiency of compactor can be precisely calculated by using Differential Fuel Flow Meter. By testing the compactor at different combinations of Engine RPM and also considering other factors such as rear end gears, Intake and exhaust restriction of an engine, vehicle operating techniques, air drag, Tribological aspects, The optimum solution was obtained which lead to significant improvement in fuel efficiency of the compactor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20fuel%20flow%20meter" title="differential fuel flow meter">differential fuel flow meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20RPM" title=" engine RPM"> engine RPM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20efficiency" title=" fuel efficiency"> fuel efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20construction%20compaction%20%20machine" title=" heavy construction compaction machine"> heavy construction compaction machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71303/analysis-of-fuel-efficiency-in-heavy-construction-compaction-machine-and-factors-affecting-fuel-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7947</span> A Modelling of Main Bearings in the Two-Stroke Diesel Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Szlachetka">Marcin Szlachetka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Sochaczewski"> Rafal Sochaczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukasz%20Grabowski"> Lukasz Grabowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results of the load simulations of main bearings in a two-stroke Diesel engine. A model of an engine lubrication system with connections of its main lubrication nodes, i.e., a connection of its main bearings in the engine block with the crankshaft, a connection of its crankpins with its connecting rod and a connection of its pin and its piston has been created for our calculations performed using the AVL EXCITE Designer. The analysis covers the loads given as a pressure distribution in a hydrodynamic oil film, a temperature distribution on the main bush surfaces for the specified radial clearance values as well as the impact of the force of gas on the minimum oil film thickness in the main bearings depending on crankshaft rotational speeds and temperatures of oil in the bearings. One of the main goals of the research has been to determine whether the minimum thickness of the oil film at which fluid friction occurs can be achieved for each value of crankshaft speed. Our model calculates different oil film parameters, i.e., its thickness, a pressure distribution there, the change in oil temperature. Additional enables an analysis of an oil temperature distribution on the surfaces of the bearing seats. It allows verifying the selected clearances in the bearings of the main engine under normal operation conditions and extremal ones that show a significant increase in temperature above the limit value. The research has been conducted for several engine crankshaft speeds ranging from 1000 rpm to 4000 rpm. The oil pressure in the bearings has ranged 2-5 bar according to engine speeds and the oil temperature has ranged 90-120 °C. The main bearing clearance has been adopted for the calculation and analysis as 0.025 mm. The oil classified as SAE 5W-30 has been used for the simulations. The paper discusses the selected research results referring to several specific operating points and different temperatures of the lubricating oil in the bearings. The received research results show that for the investigated main bearing bushes of the shaft, the results fall within the ranges of the limit values despite the increase in the oil temperature of the bearings reaching 120˚C. The fact that the bearings are loaded with the maximum pressure makes no excessive temperature rise on the bush surfaces. The oil temperature increases by 17˚C, reaching 137˚C at a speed of 4000 rpm. The minimum film thickness at which fluid friction occurs has been achieved for each of the operating points at each of the engine crankshaft speeds. Acknowledgement: This work has been realized in the cooperation with The Construction Office of WSK ‘PZL-KALISZ’ S.A.’ and is part of Grant Agreement No. POIR.01.02.00-00-0002/15 financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title="diesel engine">diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=main%20bearings" title=" main bearings"> main bearings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opposing%20pistons" title=" opposing pistons"> opposing pistons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stroke" title=" two-stroke"> two-stroke</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106628/a-modelling-of-main-bearings-in-the-two-stroke-diesel-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7946</span> Solution of Reduced Mass in Solar Glider with Electric Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20%C5%BBabicki">Piotr Żabicki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawe%C5%82%20Skutta"> Paweł Skutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The project of a glider with an electric motor charged by solar power is an step toward the future of Polish gliding. Due to the popularity of the SZD-50-3 glider and its type of usage, the project was developed based on this model. By placing an auxiliary engine in the glider, the pilot is guaranteed a safe return to the airport. Since it is a training glider, and routes are mainly flown by student pilots and instructors, the guarantee of returning to the airport allows flights in more challenging thermal conditions, which contributes to better pilot training. In case of worsening weather, the pilot has a reliable return option, which prevents time loss due to field landings and saves money by avoiding delays in training. The glider uses the NOVA 15 LW engine, a solar installation, and technical modifications to reduce the glider's weight. This includes the Misztal spar solution, previously used in the PZL 19 aircraft. Additionally, the use of lighter coverings and materials that handle loads from pulling, straining, and sharing improves the aerodynamic performance of the glider, enhancing its overall efficiency. Every component added to the glider's construction (battery, engine, etc.) has been placed to avoid shifting loads along the axis, thus preventing unintended spins and flat spins. Safety concerns were also addressed. In the event of a battery or engine fire, the pilot's cabin is designed as a detachable part of the structure and is made of composites covered with non-flammable resin. The batteries are also enclosed in separate boxes located in the former "luggage" compartment. Access to the installation connecting the engine, panel, and battery is convenient due to the detachable cabin from the structure and the fact that the entire installation runs under the structure. The batteries also have easy access due to the current closed hatch. Cooling for the battery is provided this way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title="engineering">engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=girder" title=" girder"> girder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glider" title=" glider"> glider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title=" solar"> solar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spar" title=" spar"> spar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194469/solution-of-reduced-mass-in-solar-glider-with-electric-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7945</span> Performance Improvement of Piston Engine in Aeronautics by Means of Additive Manufacturing Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Andreutti">G. Andreutti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Saccone"> G. Saccone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Lucariello"> D. Lucariello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Pirozzi"> C. Pirozzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Franchitti"> S. Franchitti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Borrelli"> R. Borrelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Toscano"> C. Toscano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Caso"> P. Caso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ferraro"> G. Ferraro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Pascarella"> C. Pascarella</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reduction of greenhouse gases and pollution emissions is a worldwide environmental issue. The amount of CO₂ released by an aircraft is associated with the amount of fuel burned, so the improvement of engine thermo-mechanical efficiency and specific fuel consumption is a significant technological driver for aviation. Moreover, with the prospect that avgas will be phased out, an engine able to use more available and cheaper fuels is an evident advantage. An advanced aeronautical Diesel engine, because of its high efficiency and ability to use widely available and low-cost jet and diesel fuels, is a promising solution to achieve a more fuel-efficient aircraft. On the other hand, a Diesel engine has generally a higher overall weight, if compared with a gasoline one of same power performances. Fixing the MTOW, Max Take-Off Weight, and the operational payload, this extra-weight reduces the aircraft fuel fraction, partially vinifying the associated benefits. Therefore, an effort in weight saving manufacturing technologies is likely desirable. In this work, in order to achieve the mentioned goals, innovative Electron Beam Melting – EBM, Additive Manufacturing – AM technologies were applied to a two-stroke, common rail, GF56 Diesel engine, developed by the CMD Company for aeronautic applications. For this purpose, a consortium of academic, research and industrial partners, including CMD Company, Italian Aerospace Research Centre – CIRA, University of Naples Federico II and the University of Salerno carried out a technological project, funded by the Italian Minister of Education and Research – MIUR. The project aimed to optimize the baseline engine in order to improve its performance and increase its airworthiness features. This project was focused on the definition, design, development, and application of enabling technologies for performance improvement of GF56. Weight saving of this engine was pursued through the application of EBM-AM technologies and in particular using Arcam AB A2X machine, available at CIRA. The 3D printer processes titanium alloy micro-powders and it was employed to realize new connecting rods of the GF56 engine with an additive-oriented design approach. After a preliminary investigation of EBM process parameters and a thermo-mechanical characterization of titanium alloy samples, additive manufactured, innovative connecting rods were fabricated. These engine elements were structurally verified, topologically optimized, 3D printed and suitably post-processed. Finally, the overall performance improvement, on a typical General Aviation aircraft, was estimated, substituting the conventional engine with the optimized GF56 propulsion system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeronautic%20propulsion" title="aeronautic propulsion">aeronautic propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20improvement" title=" performance improvement"> performance improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20saving" title=" weight saving"> weight saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piston%20engine" title=" piston engine"> piston engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95436/performance-improvement-of-piston-engine-in-aeronautics-by-means-of-additive-manufacturing-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7944</span> Study of Machinability for Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V through Chip Formation in Milling Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moaz%20H.%20Ali">Moaz H. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20H.%20Al-Saadi"> Ahmed H. Al-Saadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the materials used in the industry of aero-engine components generally consist of titanium alloys. Advanced materials, because of their excellent combination of high specific strength, lightweight, and general corrosion resistance. In fact, chemical wear resistance of aero-engine alloy provide a serious challenge for cutting tool material during the machining process. The reduction in cutting temperature distributions leads to an increase in tool life and a decrease in wear rate. Hence, the chip morphology and segmentation play a predominant role in determining machinability and tool wear during the machining process. The result of low thermal conductivity and diffusivity of this alloy in the concentration of high temperatures at the tool-work-piece and tool-chip interface. Consequently, the chip morphology is very important in the study of machinability of metals as well as the study of cutting tool wear. Otherwise, the result will be accelerating tool wear, increasing manufacturing cost and time consuming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machinability" title="machinability">machinability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20alloy%20%28ti-6al-4v%29" title=" titanium alloy (ti-6al-4v)"> titanium alloy (ti-6al-4v)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chip%20formation" title=" chip formation"> chip formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milling%20process" title=" milling process"> milling process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31189/study-of-machinability-for-titanium-alloy-ti-6al-4v-through-chip-formation-in-milling-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7943</span> The Structure and Function Investigation and Analysis of the Automatic Spin Regulator (ASR) in the Powertrain System of Construction and Mining Machines with the Focus on Dump Trucks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Mirzaei">Amir Mirzaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The powertrain system is one of the most basic and essential components in a machine. The occurrence of motion is practically impossible without the presence of this system. When power is generated by the engine, it is transmitted by the powertrain system to the wheels, which are the last parts of the system. Powertrain system has different components according to the type of use and design. When the force generated by the engine reaches to the wheels, the amount of frictional force between the tire and the ground determines the amount of traction and non-slip or the amount of slip. At various levels, such as icy, muddy, and snow-covered ground, the amount of friction coefficient between the tire and the ground decreases dramatically and considerably, which in turn increases the amount of force loss and the vehicle traction decreases drastically. This condition is caused by the phenomenon of slipping, which, in addition to the waste of energy produced, causes the premature wear of driving tires. It also causes the temperature of the transmission oil to rise too much, as a result, causes a reduction in the quality and become dirty to oil and also reduces the useful life of the clutches disk and plates inside the transmission. this issue is much more important in road construction and mining machinery than passenger vehicles and is always one of the most important and significant issues in the design discussion, in order to overcome. One of these methods is the automatic spin regulator system which is abbreviated as ASR. The importance of this method and its structure and function have solved one of the biggest challenges of the powertrain system in the field of construction and mining machinery. That this research is examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20spin%20regulator" title="automatic spin regulator">automatic spin regulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASR" title=" ASR"> ASR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methods%20of%20reducing%20slipping" title=" methods of reducing slipping"> methods of reducing slipping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methods%20%20of%20preventing%20%20the%20reduction%20of%20the%20useful%20life%20of%20clutches%20disk%20and%20plate" title=" methods of preventing the reduction of the useful life of clutches disk and plate"> methods of preventing the reduction of the useful life of clutches disk and plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methods%20of%20preventing%20the%20premature%20dirtiness%20of%20transmission%20oil" title=" methods of preventing the premature dirtiness of transmission oil"> methods of preventing the premature dirtiness of transmission oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20of%20preventing%20the%20reduction%20of%20the%20useful%20life%20of%20tires" title=" method of preventing the reduction of the useful life of tires"> method of preventing the reduction of the useful life of tires</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165675/the-structure-and-function-investigation-and-analysis-of-the-automatic-spin-regulator-asr-in-the-powertrain-system-of-construction-and-mining-machines-with-the-focus-on-dump-trucks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7942</span> Numerical Simulation of Diesel Sprays under Hot Bomb Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishtiaq%20A.%20Chaudhry">Ishtiaq A. Chaudhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zia%20R.%20Tahir"> Zia R. Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20Siddiqui"> F. A. Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Noor"> F. Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Rashid"> M. J. Rashid </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has experimentally been proved that the performance of compression ignition (CI) engine is spray characteristics related. In modern diesel engine the spray formation and the eventual combustion process are the vital processes that offer more challenges towards enhancing the engine performance. In the present work, the numerical simulation has been carried out for evaporating diesel sprays using Fluent software. For computational fluid dynamics simulation “Meshing” is done using Gambit software before transmitting it into fluent. The simulation is carried out using hot bomb conditions under varying chamber conditions such as gas pressure, nozzle diameter and fuel injection pressure. For comparison purpose, the numerical simulations the chamber conditions were kept the same as that of the experimental data. At varying chamber conditions the spray penetration rates are compared with the existing experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporating%20diesel%20sprays" title="evaporating diesel sprays">evaporating diesel sprays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetration%20rates" title=" penetration rates"> penetration rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20bomb%20conditions" title=" hot bomb conditions"> hot bomb conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18309/numerical-simulation-of-diesel-sprays-under-hot-bomb-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7941</span> Operation Cycle Model of ASz62IR Radial Aircraft Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Duk">M. Duk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Grabowski"> L. Grabowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Magryta"> P. Magryta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today's very important element relating to air transport is the environment impact issues. Nowadays there are no emissions standards for turbine and piston engines used in air transport. However, it should be noticed that the environmental effect in the form of exhaust gases from aircraft engines should be as small as possible. For this purpose, R&D centers often use special software to simulate and to estimate the negative effect of engine working process. For cooperation between the Lublin University of Technology and the Polish aviation company WSK "PZL-KALISZ" S.A., to achieve more effective operation of the ASz62IR engine, one of such tools have been used. The AVL Boost software allows to perform 1D simulations of combustion process of piston engines. ASz62IR is a nine-cylinder aircraft engine in a radial configuration. In order to analyze the impact of its working process on the environment, the mathematical model in the AVL Boost software have been made. This model contains, among others, model of the operation cycle of the cylinders. This model was based on a volume change in combustion chamber according to the reciprocating movement of a piston. The simplifications that all of the pistons move identically was assumed. The changes in cylinder volume during an operating cycle were specified. Those changes were important to determine the energy balance of a cylinder in an internal combustion engine which is fundamental for a model of the operating cycle. The calculations for cylinder thermodynamic state were based on the first law of thermodynamics. The change in the mass in the cylinder was calculated from the sum of inflowing and outflowing masses including: cylinder internal energy, heat from the fuel, heat losses, mass in cylinder, cylinder pressure and volume, blowdown enthalpy, evaporation heat etc. The model assumed that the amount of heat released in combustion process was calculated from the pace of combustion, using Vibe model. For gas exchange, it was also important to consider heat transfer in inlet and outlet channels because of much higher values there than for flow in a straight pipe. This results from high values of heat exchange coefficients and temperature coefficients near valves and valve seats. A Zapf modified model of heat exchange was used. To use the model with the flight scenarios, the impact of flight altitude on engine performance has been analyze. It was assumed that the pressure and temperature at the inlet and outlet correspond to the values resulting from the model for International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). Comparing this model of operation cycle with the others submodels of the ASz62IR engine, it could be noticed, that a full analysis of the performance of the engine, according to the ISA conditions, can be made. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, INNOLOT, under <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aviation%20propulsion" title="aviation propulsion">aviation propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVL%20Boost" title=" AVL Boost"> AVL Boost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20model" title=" engine model"> engine model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20cycle" title=" operation cycle"> operation cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20engine" title=" aircraft engine"> aircraft engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50178/operation-cycle-model-of-asz62ir-radial-aircraft-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7940</span> Waste Heat Recovery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ramkumar">A. Ramkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anvesh%20Sagar"> Anvesh Sagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preetham%20P.%20Karkera"> Preetham P. Karkera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization in the modern era is dependent on the International logistics, the economic and reliable means is provided by the ocean going merchant vessel. The propulsion system which drives this massive vessels has gone through leaps and bounds of evolution. Most reliable system of propulsion adopted by the majority of vessels is by marine diesel engine. Since the first oil crisis of 1973, there is demand in increment of efficiency of main engine. Due to increase in the oil prices ship-operators explores for reduction in the operational cost of ship. And newly adopted IMO’s EEDI & SEEMP rules calls for the effective measures taken in this regard. The main engine of a ship suffers a lot of thermal losses, they mainly occur due to exhaust gas waste heat, radiation and cooling. So to increase the overall efficiency of system, we have to look into the solution to harnessing this waste energy of main engine to increase the fuel economy. During the course of research, engine manufacturers have developed many waste heat recovery systems. In our paper we see about additional options to harness this waste heat. The exhaust gas of engine coming out from the turbocharger still holds enough heat to go to the exhaust gas economiser to produce steam. This heat of exhaust gas can be used to heat a liquid of less boiling point after coming out from the turbocharger. The vapour of this secondary liquid can be superheated by a bypass exhaust or exhaust of turbocharger. This vapour can be utilized to rotate the turbine which is coupled to a generator. And the electric power for ship service can be produced with proper configuration of system. This can be included in PMS of ship. In this paper we seek to concentrate on power generation with use of exhaust gas. Thereby taking out the load on the main generator and increasing the efficiency of the system. This will help us to comply with the new rules of IMO. Our method helps to develop clean energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEDI%E2%80%93energy%20efficiency%20design%20index" title="EEDI–energy efficiency design index">EEDI–energy efficiency design index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMO%E2%80%93international%20maritime%20organization%20PMS-power%20management%20system" title=" IMO–international maritime organization PMS-power management system"> IMO–international maritime organization PMS-power management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEEMP%E2%80%93ship%20energy%20efficiency%20management%20plan" title=" SEEMP–ship energy efficiency management plan"> SEEMP–ship energy efficiency management plan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12222/waste-heat-recovery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7939</span> Experimental Study of Upsetting and Die Forging with Controlled Impact</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Penchev">T. Penchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Karastoyanov"> D. Karastoyanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The results from experimental research of deformation by upsetting and die forging of lead specimens wit controlled impact are presented. Laboratory setup for conducting the investigations, which uses cold rocket engine operated with compressed air, is described. The results show that when using controlled impact is achieving greater plastic deformation and consumes less impact energy than at ordinary impact deformation process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocket%20engine" title="rocket engine">rocket engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forging%20hammer" title=" forging hammer"> forging hammer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sticking%20impact" title=" sticking impact"> sticking impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20deformation" title=" plastic deformation"> plastic deformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3645/experimental-study-of-upsetting-and-die-forging-with-controlled-impact" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7938</span> Semantic Search Engine Based on Query Expansion with Google Ranking and Similarity Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shahin">Ahmad Shahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadi%20Chakik"> Fadi Chakik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Moudani"> Walid Moudani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our study is about elaborating a potential solution for a search engine that involves semantic technology to retrieve information and display it significantly. Semantic search engines are not used widely over the web as the majorities are still in Beta stage or under construction. Many problems face the current applications in semantic search, the major problem is to analyze and calculate the meaning of query in order to retrieve relevant information. Another problem is the ontology based index and its updates. Ranking results according to concept meaning and its relation with query is another challenge. In this paper, we are offering a light meta-engine (QESM) which uses Google search, and therefore Google’s index, with some adaptations to its returned results by adding multi-query expansion. The mission was to find a reliable ranking algorithm that involves semantics and uses concepts and meanings to rank results. At the beginning, the engine finds synonyms of each query term entered by the user based on a lexical database. Then, query expansion is applied to generate different semantically analogous sentences. These are generated randomly by combining the found synonyms and the original query terms. Our model suggests the use of semantic similarity measures between two sentences. Practically, we used this method to calculate semantic similarity between each query and the description of each page’s content generated by Google. The generated sentences are sent to Google engine one by one, and ranked again all together with the adapted ranking method (QESM). Finally, our system will place Google pages with higher similarities on the top of the results. We have conducted experimentations with 6 different queries. We have observed that most ranked results with QESM were altered with Google’s original generated pages. With our experimented queries, QESM generates frequently better accuracy than Google. In some worst cases, it behaves like Google. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20search%20engine" title="semantic search engine">semantic search engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Google%20indexing" title=" Google indexing"> Google indexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=query%20expansion" title=" query expansion"> query expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20measures" title=" similarity measures"> similarity measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10857/semantic-search-engine-based-on-query-expansion-with-google-ranking-and-similarity-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7937</span> Investigation of Leakage, Cracking and Warpage Issues Observed on Composite Valve Cover in Development Phase through FEA Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwini%20Shripatwar">Ashwini Shripatwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayur%20Biyani"> Mayur Biyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikhil%20Rao"> Nikhil Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Bodake"> Rajendra Bodake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachin%20Sane"> Sachin Sane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper documents the correlation of valve cover sealing, cracking, and warpage Finite Element Modelling with observations on engine test development. The valve cover is a component mounted on engine head with a gasket which provides sealing against oil which flows around camshaft, valves, rockers, and other overhead components. Material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity characteristics are taken into consideration because the valve cover is made of a composite material having temperature dependent elastic-plastic properties and because the gasket load-deformation curve is also nonlinear. The leakage is observed between the valve cover and the engine head due to the insufficient contact pressure. The crack is observed on the valve cover due to force application at a region with insufficient stiffness and with elevated temperature. The valve cover shrinkage is observed during the disassembly process on hot exhaust side bolt holes after the engine has been running. In this paper, an analytical approach is developed to correlate a Finite Element Model with the observed failures and to address the design issues associated with the failure modes in question by making design changes in the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking%20issue" title="cracking issue">cracking issue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasket%20sealing%20analysis" title=" gasket sealing analysis"> gasket sealing analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinearity%20of%20contact%20and%20material" title=" nonlinearity of contact and material"> nonlinearity of contact and material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valve%20cover" title=" valve cover"> valve cover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108915/investigation-of-leakage-cracking-and-warpage-issues-observed-on-composite-valve-cover-in-development-phase-through-fea-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7936</span> Investigation of the NO2 Formation in the Exhaust Duct of a Dual Fuel Test Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Arabian">Ehsan Arabian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Sattelmayer"> Thomas Sattelmayer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The formation of nitrogen dioxide NO2 in the exhaust duct of a MAN dual fuel test engine has been investigated numerically. The dual fuel engine concept with premixed lean methane combustion ignited through diesel pilot flames reveals high potential for the abatement of the NOx formation. The drawback of this combustion method, however, is the high NO2 formation due to the increasing concentration of unburned hydrocarbons. This promotes the conversion of NO to NO2, which is toxic and characterized through its yellow color. The results presented in this paper cover a wide range of engine operation points from full load to part load for different air to fuel ratios. The effects of temperature, pressure and concentrations of unburned methane and nitric oxide on NO2 formation in the exhaust duct has been investigated on the basis of a zero-dimensional well stirred reactor model implemented in Cantera, which calculates the steady state of a uniform composition for a certain residence time. It can be shown that the simulated conversion of NO to NO2 match the experimental results fairly well. The partial oxidation of methane followed by CO production can be predicted as well. It can also be concluded that the lower temperature limit for which no conversion takes place, depends mainly on the concentration of the unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantera" title="cantera">cantera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20fuel%20engines" title=" dual fuel engines"> dual fuel engines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20tract" title=" exhaust tract"> exhaust tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling%20of%20NO2%20formation" title=" numerical modeling of NO2 formation"> numerical modeling of NO2 formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20stirred%20reactor" title=" well stirred reactor"> well stirred reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81509/investigation-of-the-no2-formation-in-the-exhaust-duct-of-a-dual-fuel-test-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7935</span> The Study on Life of Valves Evaluation Based on Tests Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binjuan%20Xu">Binjuan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20Zhao"> Qian Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Jiang"> Ping Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Guo"> Bo Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Cheng"> Zhijun Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyue%20Wu"> Xiaoyue Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Astronautical valves are key units in engine systems of astronautical products; their reliability will influence results of rocket or missile launching, even lead to damage to staff and devices on the ground. Besides failure in engine system may influence the hitting accuracy and flight shot of missiles. Therefore high reliability is quite essential to astronautical products. There are quite a few literature doing research based on few failure test data to estimate valves’ reliability, thus this paper proposed a new method to estimate valves’ reliability, according to the corresponding tests of different failure modes, this paper takes advantage of tests data which acquired from temperature, vibration, and action tests to estimate reliability in every failure modes, then this paper has regarded these three kinds of tests as three stages in products’ process to integrate these results to acquire valves’ reliability. Through the comparison of results achieving from tests data and simulated data, the results have illustrated how to obtain valves’ reliability based on the few failure data with failure modes and prove that the results are effective and rational. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=censored%20data" title="censored data">censored data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20tests" title=" temperature tests"> temperature tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valves" title=" valves"> valves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20tests" title=" vibration tests"> vibration tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84900/the-study-on-life-of-valves-evaluation-based-on-tests-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7934</span> Analysis of the Premature In-Service Failure of Engine Mounting Towers of an Industrial Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20J%20Futter">Stephen J Futter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20I%20Okereke"> Michael I Okereke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an investigation of the premature in-service failure of the engine mounting towers that form part of the bedframe commonly used for industrial power generation applications. The client during a routine in-service assessment of the generator set observed that the engine mounting towers had cracked. Thus, this study has investigated in detail the origin of the crack and proffered solutions to prevent a re-occurrence. Seven step problem solving methodology was followed during this paper. The study used both experimental and numerical approaches to understand, monitor and evaluate the cause and evolution of the premature failure. Findings from this study indicated that the failure resulted from a combination of varied processes from procurement of material parts, material selection, welding processes and inaptly designed load-bearing mechanics of the generating set and its mounting arrangement. These in-field observations and experimental simulations provided insights to design and validate a numerical finite element sub-model of the cracked bedframe considering thermal cycling: designed as part of these investigations. Resulting findings led to a recommendation of several procedural changes that should be adopted by the manufacturer, in order to prevent the re-occurrence of such pre-mature failure in future industrial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Premature%20Failure" title=" Premature Failure"> Premature Failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Failure%20Analysis" title=" Failure Analysis"> Failure Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Finite%20Element%20Model" title=" Finite Element Model"> Finite Element Model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65883/analysis-of-the-premature-in-service-failure-of-engine-mounting-towers-of-an-industrial-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7933</span> Combustion Variability and Uniqueness in Cylinders of a Radial Aircraft Piston Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Geca">Michal Geca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Baranski"> Grzegorz Baranski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ksenia%20Siadkowska"> Ksenia Siadkowska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work is a part of the project which aims at developing innovative power and control systems for the high power aircraft piston engine ASz62IR. Developed electronically controlled ignition system will reduce emissions of toxic compounds as a result of lowered fuel consumption, optimized combustion and engine capability of efficient combustion of ecological fuels. The tested unit is an air-cooled four-stroke gasoline engine of 9 cylinders in a radial setup, mechanically charged by a radial compressor powered by the engine crankshaft. The total engine cubic capac-ity is 29.87 dm3, and the compression ratio is 6.4:1. The maximum take-off power is 1000 HP at 2200 rpm. The maximum fuel consumption is 280 kg/h. Engine powers aircrafts: An-2, M-18 „Dromader”, DHC-3 „OTTER”, DC-3 „Dakota”, GAF-125 „HAWK” i Y5. The main problems of the engine includes the imbalanced work of cylinders. The non-uniformity value in each cylinder results in non-uniformity of their work. In radial engine cylinders arrangement causes that the mixture movement that takes place in accordance (lower cylinder) or the opposite (upper cylinders) to the direction of gravity. Preliminary tests confirmed the presence of uneven workflow of individual cylinders. The phenomenon is most intense at low speed. The non-uniformity is visible on the waveform of cylinder pressure. Therefore two studies were conducted to determine the impact of this phenomenon on the engine performance: simulation and real tests. Simplified simulation was conducted on the element of the intake system coated with fuel film. The study shows that there is an effect of gravity on the movement of the fuel film inside the radial engine intake channels. Both in the lower and the upper inlet channels the film flows downwards. It follows from the fact that gravity assists the movement of the film in the lower cylinder channels and prevents the movement in the upper cylinder channels. Real tests on aircraft engine ASz62IR was conducted in transients condition (rapid change of the excess air in each cylinder were performed. Calculations were conducted for mass of fuel reaching the cylinders theoretically and really and on this basis, the factors of fuel evaporation “x” were determined. Therefore a simplified model of the fuel supply to cylinder was adopted. Model includes time constant of the fuel film τ, the number of engine transport cycles of non-evaporating fuel along the intake pipe γ and time between next cycles Δt. The calculation results of identification of the model parameters are presented in the form of radar graphs. The figures shows the averages declines and increases of the injection time and the average values for both types of stroke. These studies shown, that the change of the position of the cylinder will cause changes in the formation of fuel-air mixture and thus changes in the combustion process. Based on the results of the work of simulation and experiments was possible to develop individual algorithms for ignition control. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, INNOLOT, under Grant Agreement No. INNOLOT/I/1/NCBR/2013. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20engine" title="radial engine">radial engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignition%20system" title=" ignition system"> ignition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-uniformity" title=" non-uniformity"> non-uniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20process" title=" combustion process"> combustion process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50033/combustion-variability-and-uniqueness-in-cylinders-of-a-radial-aircraft-piston-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7932</span> Influence of Valve Lift Timing on Producer Gas Combustion and Its Modeling Using Two-Stage Wiebe Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sreedhar%20Babu">M. Sreedhar Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20Garg"> Vishal Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Akella"> S. B. Akella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shibu%20Clement"> Shibu Clement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20S%20Rajan"> N. K. S Rajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Producer gas is a biomass derived gaseous fuel which is extensively used in internal combustion engines for power generation application. Unlike the conventional hydrocarbon fuels (Gasoline and Natural gas), the combustion properties of producer gas fuel are much different. Therefore, setting of optimal spark time for efficient engine operation is required. Owing to the fluctuating tendency of producer gas composition during gasification process, the heat release patterns (dictating the power output and emissions) obtained are quite different from conventional fuels. It was found that, valve lift timing is yet another factor which influences the burn rate of producer gas fuel, and thus, the heat release rate of the engine. Therefore, the present study was motivated to estimate the influence of valve lift timing analytically (Wiebe model) on the burn rate of producer gas through curve fitting against experimentally obtained mass fraction burn curves of several producer gas compositions. Furthermore, Wiebe models are widely used in zero-dimensional codes for engine parametric studies and are quite popular. This study also addresses the influence of hydrogen and methane concentration of producer gas on combustion trends, which are known to cause dynamics in engine combustion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20duration%20%28CD%29" title="combustion duration (CD)">combustion duration (CD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crank%20angle%20%28CA%29" title=" crank angle (CA)"> crank angle (CA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20fraction%20burnt%20%28MFB%29" title=" mass fraction burnt (MFB)"> mass fraction burnt (MFB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=producer%20sas%20%28PG%29" title=" producer sas (PG)"> producer sas (PG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiebe%20Combustion%20Model%20%28WCM%29" title=" Wiebe Combustion Model (WCM)"> Wiebe Combustion Model (WCM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wide%20open%20throttle%20%28WOT%29" title=" wide open throttle (WOT)"> wide open throttle (WOT)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64730/influence-of-valve-lift-timing-on-producer-gas-combustion-and-its-modeling-using-two-stage-wiebe-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7931</span> Parameter and Lose Effect Analysis of Beta Stirling Cycle Refrigerating Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muluken%20Z.%20Getie">Muluken Z. Getie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francois%20Lanzetta"> Francois Lanzetta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvie%20%20Begot"> Sylvie Begot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bimrew%20T.%20Admassu"> Bimrew T. Admassu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is aimed at the numerical analysis of the effects of phase angle and losses (shuttle heat loss and gas leakage to the crankcase) that could have an impact on the pressure and temperature of working fluid for a β-type Stirling cycle refrigerating machine. First, the developed numerical model incorporates into the ideal adiabatic analysis, the shuttle heat transfer (heat loss from compression space to expansion space), and gas leakage from the working space to the buffer space into the crankcase. The other losses that may not have a direct effect on the temperature and pressure of working fluid are simply incorporated in a simple analysis. The model is then validated by reversing the model to the engine model and compared with other literature results using (GPU-3) engine. After validating the model with other engine model and experiment results, analysis of the effect of phase angle, shuttle heat lose and gas leakage on temperature, pressure, and performance (power requirement, cooling capacity and coefficient of performance) of refrigerating machine considering the FEMTO 60 Stirling engine as a case study have been conducted. Shuttle heat loss has a greater effect on the temperature of working gas; gas leakage to the crankcase has more effect on the pressure of working spaces and hence both have a considerable impact on the performance of the Stirling cycle refrigerating machine. The optimum coefficient of performance exists between phase angles of 900-950, and optimum cooling capacity could be found between phase angles of 950-980. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta%20configuration" title="beta configuration">beta configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20model" title=" engine model"> engine model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderate%20cooling" title=" moderate cooling"> moderate cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirling%20refrigerator" title=" stirling refrigerator"> stirling refrigerator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20validation" title=" and validation"> and validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120316/parameter-and-lose-effect-analysis-of-beta-stirling-cycle-refrigerating-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7930</span> Effect of Injection Strategy on the Performance and Emission of E85 in a Heavy-Duty Engine under Partially Premixed Combustion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Aziz">Amir Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Tuner"> Martin Tuner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20Verhelst"> Sebastian Verhelst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oivind%20Andersson"> Oivind Andersson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) is a combustion concept which aims to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and low engine-out emissions. Extending the ignition delay to promote the premixing, has been recognized as one of the key factor to achieve PPC. Fuels with high octane number have been proven to be a good candidates to extend the ignition delay. In this work, E85 (85% ethanol) has been used as a PPC fuel. The aim of this work was to investigate a suitable injection strategy for PPC combustion fueled with E85 in a single-cylinder heavy-duty engine. Single and double injection strategy were applied with different injection timing and the ratio between different injection pulses was varied. The performance and emission were investigated at low load. The results show that the double injection strategy should be preferred for PPC fueled with E85 due to low emissions and high efficiency, while keeping the pressure raise rate at very low levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E85" title="E85">E85</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partially%20premixed%20combustion" title=" partially premixed combustion"> partially premixed combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20strategy" title=" injection strategy"> injection strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20and%20emission" title=" performance and emission"> performance and emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85102/effect-of-injection-strategy-on-the-performance-and-emission-of-e85-in-a-heavy-duty-engine-under-partially-premixed-combustion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7929</span> A Study on Changing of Energy-Saving Performance of GHP Air Conditioning System with Time-Series Variation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Xin">Ying Xin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeki%20Kametani"> Shigeki Kametani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals the energy saving performance of GHP (Gas engine heat pump) air conditioning system has improved with time-series variation. There are two types of air conditioning systems, VRF (Variable refrigerant flow) and central cooling and heating system. VRF is classified as EHP (Electric driven heat pump) and GHP. EHP drives the compressor with electric motor. GHP drives the compressor with the gas engine. The electric consumption of GHP is less than one tenth of EHP does. In this study, the energy consumption data of GHP installed the junior high schools was collected. An annual and monthly energy consumption per rated thermal output power of each apparatus was calculated, and then their energy efficiency was analyzed. From these data, we investigated improvement of the energy saving of the GHP air conditioning system by the change in the generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-saving" title="energy-saving">energy-saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20refrigerant%20flow" title=" variable refrigerant flow"> variable refrigerant flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20engine%20heat%20pump" title=" gas engine heat pump"> gas engine heat pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20driven%20heat%20pump" title=" electric driven heat pump"> electric driven heat pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioning%20system" title=" air conditioning system"> air conditioning system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2488/a-study-on-changing-of-energy-saving-performance-of-ghp-air-conditioning-system-with-time-series-variation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7928</span> Simulation Research of Diesel Aircraft Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%81ukasz%20Grabowski">Łukasz Grabowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micha%C5%82%20G%C4%99ca"> Michał Gęca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miros%C5%82aw%20Wendeker"> Mirosław Wendeker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the simulation results of a new opposed piston diesel engine to power a light aircraft. Created in the AVL Boost, the model covers the entire charge passage, from the inlet up to the outlet. The model shows fuel injection into cylinders and combustion in cylinders. The calculation uses the module for two-stroke engines. The model was created using sub-models available in this software that structure the model. Each of the sub-models is complemented with parameters in line with the design premise. Since engine weight resulting from geometric dimensions is fundamental in aircraft engines, two configurations of stroke were studied. For each of the values, there were calculated selected operating conditions defined by crankshaft speed. The required power was achieved by changing air fuel ratio (AFR). There was also studied brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). For stroke S1, the BSFC was lowest at all of the three operating points. This difference is approximately 1-2%, which means higher overall engine efficiency but the amount of fuel injected into cylinders is larger by several mg for S1. The cylinder maximum pressure is lower for S2 due to the fact that compressor gear driving remained the same and boost pressure was identical in the both cases. Calculations for various values of boost pressure were the next stage of the study. In each of the calculation case, the amount of fuel was changed to achieve the required engine power. In the former case, the intake system dimensions were modified, i.e. the duct connecting the compressor and the air cooler, so its diameter D = 40 mm was equal to the diameter of the compressor outlet duct. The impact of duct length was also examined to be able to reduce the flow pulsation during the operating cycle. For the so selected geometry of the intake system, there were calculations for various values of boost pressure. The boost pressure was changed by modifying the gear driving the compressor. To reach the required level of cruising power N = 68 kW. Due to the mechanical power consumed by the compressor, high pressure ratio results in a worsened overall engine efficiency. The figure on the change in BSFC from 210 g/kWh to nearly 270 g/kWh shows this correlation and the overall engine efficiency is reduced by about 8%. Acknowledgement: This work has been realized in the cooperation with The Construction Office of WSK "PZL-KALISZ" S.A." and is part of Grant Agreement No. POIR.01.02.00-00-0002/15 financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft" title="aircraft">aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel" title=" diesel"> diesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine" title=" engine"> engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81459/simulation-research-of-diesel-aircraft-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7927</span> Six-Phase Tooth-Coil Winding Starter-Generator Embedded in Aerospace Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flur%20R.%20Ismagilov">Flur R. Ismagilov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vyacheslav%20E.%20Vavilov"> Vyacheslav E. Vavilov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20V.%20Gusakov"> Denis V. Gusakov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is devoted to solve the problem of increasing the electrification of aircraft engines by installing a synchronous generator at high pressure shaft. Technical solution of this problem by various research centers is discussed. A design solution of the problem was proposed. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed cooling system, thermal analysis was carried out in ANSYS software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starter-generator" title="starter-generator">starter-generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=more%20electrical%20engine" title=" more electrical engine"> more electrical engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20engines" title=" aircraft engines"> aircraft engines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20pressure%20shaft" title=" high pressure shaft"> high pressure shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20generator" title=" synchronous generator"> synchronous generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57565/six-phase-tooth-coil-winding-starter-generator-embedded-in-aerospace-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7926</span> Investigation of Flow Effects of Soundwaves Incident on an Airfoil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thirsa%20Sherry">Thirsa Sherry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utkarsh%20Shrivastav"> Utkarsh Shrivastav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kannan%20B.%20T."> Kannan B. T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iynthezhuton%20K."> Iynthezhuton K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics remains one of the most poignant and well-researched fields of today. The current paper aims to investigate the predominant problem concerning the effects of noise of varying frequencies and waveforms on airflow surrounding an airfoil. Using a single speaker beneath the airfoil at different positions, we wish to simulate the effects of sound directly impinging on an airfoil and study its direct effects on airflow. We wish to study the same using smoke visualization methods with incense as our smoke-generating material in a variable-speed subsonic wind tunnel. Using frequencies and wavelengths similar to those of common engine noise, we wish to simulate real-world conditions of engine noise interfering with airflow and document the arising trends. These results will allow us to look into the real-world effects of noise on airflow and how to minimize them and expand on the possible relation between waveforms and noise. The parameters used in the study include frequency, Reynolds number, waveforms, angle of attack, and the effects on airflow when varying these parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20noise" title="engine noise">engine noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeroacoustics" title=" aeroacoustics"> aeroacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20excitation" title=" acoustic excitation"> acoustic excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20speed" title=" low speed"> low speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159050/investigation-of-flow-effects-of-soundwaves-incident-on-an-airfoil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7925</span> Emissions and Total Cost of Ownership Assessment of Hybrid Propulsion Concepts for Bus Transport with Compressed Natural Gases or Diesel Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volker%20Landersheim">Volker Landersheim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daria%20Manushyna"> Daria Manushyna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thinh%20Pham"> Thinh Pham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dai-Duong%20Tran"> Dai-Duong Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Geury"> Thomas Geury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hegazy"> Omar Hegazy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Wilkins"> Steven Wilkins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air pollution is one of the emerging problems in our society. Targets of reduction of CO₂ emissions address low-carbon and resource-efficient transport. (Plug-in) hybrid electric propulsion concepts offer the possibility to reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) and emissions for public transport vehicles (e.g., bus application). In this context, typically, diesel engines are used to form the hybrid propulsion system of the vehicle. Though the technological development of diesel engines experience major advantages, some challenges such as the high amount of particle emissions remain relevant. Gaseous fuels (i.e., compressed natural gases (CNGs) or liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) represent an attractive alternative to diesel because of their composition. In the framework of the research project 'Optimised Real-world Cost-Competitive Modular Hybrid Architecture' (ORCA), which was funded by the EU, two different hybrid-electric propulsion concepts have been investigated: one using a diesel engine as internal combustion engine and one using CNG as fuel. The aim of the current study is to analyze specific benefits for the aforementioned hybrid propulsion systems for predefined driving scenarios with regard to emissions and total cost of ownership in bus application. Engine models based on experimental data for diesel and CNG were developed. For the purpose of designing optimal energy management strategies for each propulsion system, maps-driven or quasi-static models for specific engine types are used in the simulation framework. An analogous modelling approach has been chosen to represent emissions. This paper compares the two concepts regarding their CO₂ and NOx emissions. This comparison is performed for relevant bus missions (urban, suburban, with and without zero-emission zone) and with different energy management strategies. In addition to the emissions, also the downsizing potential of the combustion engine has been analysed to minimize the powertrain TCO (pTCO) for plug-in hybrid electric buses. The results of the performed analyses show that the hybrid vehicle concept using the CNG engine shows advantages both with respect to emissions as well as to pTCO. The pTCO is 10% lower, CO₂ emissions are 13% lower, and the NOx emissions are more than 50% lower than with the diesel combustion engine. These results are consistent across all usage profiles under investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20transport" title="bus transport">bus transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions" title=" emissions"> emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20propulsion" title=" hybrid propulsion"> hybrid propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pTCO" title=" pTCO"> pTCO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNG" title=" CNG"> CNG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130126/emissions-and-total-cost-of-ownership-assessment-of-hybrid-propulsion-concepts-for-bus-transport-with-compressed-natural-gases-or-diesel-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7924</span> Effect of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalization with Nitrogen Groups on Pollutant Emissions in an Internal Combustion Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Gamboa">David Gamboa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernardo%20Herrera"> Bernardo Herrera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Cacua"> Karen Cacua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanomaterials have been explored as alternatives to reduce particulate matter from diesel engines, which is one of the most common pollutants of the air in urban centers. However, the use of nanomaterials as additives for diesel has to overcome the instability of the dispersions to be considered viable for commercial use. In this work, functionalization of carbon nanotubes with amide groups was performed to improve the stability of these nanomaterials in a mix of 90% petroleum diesel and 10% palm oil biodiesel (B10) in concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm. The resulting nano fuel was used as the fuel for a stationary internal combustion engine, where the particulate matter, NOx, and CO were measured. The results showed that the use of amide groups significantly enhances the time for the carbon nanotubes to remain suspended in the fuel, and at the same time, these nanomaterials helped to reduce the particulate matter and NOx emissions. However, the CO emissions with nano fuel were higher than those ones with the combustion of B10. These results suggest that carbon nanotubes have thermal and catalytic effects on the combustion of B10. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel" title=" diesel"> diesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20combustion%20engine" title=" internal combustion engine"> internal combustion engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20matter" title=" particulate matter"> particulate matter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156085/effect-of-carbon-nanotubes-functionalization-with-nitrogen-groups-on-pollutant-emissions-in-an-internal-combustion-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7923</span> Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle System for Waste Heat Recovery from Excavator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Min%20Kim">Young Min Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Gil%20Shin"> Dong Gil Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assmelash%20Assefa%20Negash"> Assmelash Assefa Negash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study describes the application of a single loop organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for recovering waste heat from an excavator. In the case of waste heat recovery of the excavator, the heat of hydraulic oil can be used in the ORC system together with the other waste heat sources including the exhaust gas and engine coolant. The performances of four different cases of single loop ORC systems were studied at the main operating condition, and critical design factors are studied to get the maximum power output from the given waste heat sources. The energy and exergy analysis of the cycles are performed concerning the available heat source to determine the best fluid and system configuration. The analysis demonstrates that the ORC in the excavator increases 14% of the net power output at the main operating condition with a simpler system configuration at a lower expander inlet temperature than in a conventional vehicle engine without the heat of the hydraulic oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine" title="engine">engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excavator" title=" excavator"> excavator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20oil" title=" hydraulic oil"> hydraulic oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20Rankine%20cycle%20%28ORC%29" title=" organic Rankine cycle (ORC)"> organic Rankine cycle (ORC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20heat%20recovery" title=" waste heat recovery"> waste heat recovery</a> </p> <a 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