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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Anoxia</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">372 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Anoxia</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Anoxia">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15955864" data-work_id="15955864" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15955864/Molecular_imaging_of_hypoxia_with_radiolabelled_agents">Molecular imaging of hypoxia with radiolabelled agents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Tissue hypoxia results from an inadequate supply of oxygen (O2) that compromises biological functions. Structural and functional abnormalities of the tumour vasculature together with altered diffusion conditions inside the tumour seem to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15955864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Tissue hypoxia results from an inadequate supply of oxygen (O2) that compromises biological functions. Structural and functional abnormalities of the tumour vasculature together with altered diffusion conditions inside the tumour seem to be the main causes of tumour hypoxia. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies points to a role for tumour hypoxia in tumour propagation, resistance to therapy and malignant</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15955864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed35650438b980f023d4cb81b8cddfcf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42814315,"asset_id":15955864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42814315/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35111225" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristelVangestel">Christel Vangestel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35111225" type="text/json">{"id":35111225,"first_name":"Christel","last_name":"Vangestel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristelVangestel","display_name":"Christel Vangestel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristelVangestel?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35111225/10210169/11394063/s65_christel.vangestel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15955864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15955864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15955864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15955864", }); 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Structural and functional abnormalities of the tumour vasculature together with altered diffusion conditions inside the tumour seem to be the main causes of tumour hypoxia. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies points to a role for tumour hypoxia in tumour propagation, resistance to therapy and malignant","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42814315,"asset_id":15955864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35111225,"first_name":"Christel","last_name":"Vangestel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristelVangestel","display_name":"Christel Vangestel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristelVangestel?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35111225/10210169/11394063/s65_christel.vangestel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":23518,"name":"Positron Emission Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positron_Emission_Tomography?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":39857,"name":"Molecular Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Imaging?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":49646,"name":"Protein Structure and Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Structure_and_Function?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":375439,"name":"Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=67133"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=67133"},{"id":546356,"name":"Clinical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Study?f_ri=67133"},{"id":784086,"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiopharmaceuticals?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25334881" data-work_id="25334881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25334881/A_Preliminary_Randomized_Controlled_Trial_to_Assess_Effectiveness_of_Nasal_High_Flow_Oxygen_in_Intensive_Care_Patients">A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Effectiveness of Nasal High-Flow Oxygen in Intensive Care Patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25334881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6459c776baf17eee76e39250bfe8f046" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45633516,"asset_id":25334881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45633516/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48729997" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RachaelParke">Rachael Parke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48729997" type="text/json">{"id":48729997,"first_name":"Rachael","last_name":"Parke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RachaelParke","display_name":"Rachael Parke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RachaelParke?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25334881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25334881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25334881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25334881", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25334881]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25334881").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25334881").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25334881"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62586" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masks">Masks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62586" type="text/json">{"id":62586,"name":"Masks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masks?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INTENSIVE_CARE">INTENSIVE CARE</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="94234" type="text/json">{"id":94234,"name":"INTENSIVE CARE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INTENSIVE_CARE?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25334881]'), work: {"id":25334881,"title":"A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Effectiveness of Nasal High-Flow Oxygen in Intensive Care Patients","created_at":"2016-05-14T20:09:10.265-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25334881/A_Preliminary_Randomized_Controlled_Trial_to_Assess_Effectiveness_of_Nasal_High_Flow_Oxygen_in_Intensive_Care_Patients?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_25334881","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45633516,"asset_id":25334881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48729997,"first_name":"Rachael","last_name":"Parke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RachaelParke","display_name":"Rachael Parke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RachaelParke?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":62586,"name":"Masks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masks?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":94234,"name":"INTENSIVE CARE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INTENSIVE_CARE?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=67133"},{"id":773847,"name":"Catheters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catheters?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1640066,"name":"Respiratory Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Care?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14074715 coauthored" data-work_id="14074715" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14074715/Effects_of_red_blood_cell_transfusions_during_the_first_week_of_life_on_acid_base_glucose_and_electrolytes_in_preterm_neonates">Effects of red blood cell transfusions during the first week of life on acid-base, glucose, and electrolytes in preterm neonates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: More than 90 percent of extremely low-birth-weight infants receive one or more transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs). The objective was to assess if RBC transfusions may induce significant changes of plasma acid-base,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14074715" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND: More than 90 percent of extremely low-birth-weight infants receive one or more transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs). The objective was to assess if RBC transfusions may induce significant changes of plasma acid-base, electrolyte, and glucose status in extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Records of infants with gestational age of less than 31 weeks who were transfused with RBCs during the first week of life were reviewed (n = 61). Blood samples were collected from infants before and after transfusions to evaluate hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrit, acid-base, electrolyte, and glucose status. Then infants were stratified into four groups that received a RBC volume of less than 15, 15 to 20, more than 20 to 25, or more than 25 mL per kg. RESULTS: Infants received 20.7 (Ϯ1.5) mL per kg RBCs. After transfusions, a significant increase of pO2 (p < 0.0001) and decrease of Ca 2+ (p = 0.047) and glycemia (p < 0.0001) were observed. Infants who were transfused with more than 25 mL per kg were significantly less immature, heavier, and more anemic than infants in other groups. A positive relationship was found between changes of patients' potassium plasma level and K + intake through RBC transfusion (r = 0.442, p = 0.008). Three (4.9%) infants developed hyperkalemia, one (1.6%) had an exacerbation of his hypocalcemia, and another (1.6%) of his hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: RBC transfusions were effective in correcting anemia in our patients and induced a slight increase of pH and pO2 and decrease of Ca 2+ and glycemia, which were not clinically relevant. A linear direct correlation was observed between potassium intake by RBC transfusions and changes of kalemia in our infants, but there was not an increase of K + plasma level after transfusions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14074715" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9180526032f42e3689aa6f8597eb56b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44636000,"asset_id":14074715,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44636000/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33088436" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FirminoRubaltelli">Firmino Rubaltelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33088436" type="text/json">{"id":33088436,"first_name":"Firmino","last_name":"Rubaltelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FirminoRubaltelli","display_name":"Firmino Rubaltelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FirminoRubaltelli?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14074715">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14074715"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unifi.academia.edu/CarloDani">Carlo Dani</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unifi.academia.edu/IuriCorsini">Iuri Corsini</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aoucareggi.academia.edu/GiovannaBertini">Giovanna Bertini</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14074715'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14074715').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14074715 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14074715"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14074715, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14074715", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14074715 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14074715; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14074715"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14074715 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14074715"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14074715; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14074715]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14074715").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14074715").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14074715"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose">Blood Glucose</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71300" type="text/json">{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="116895" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoglycemia">Hypoglycemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="116895" type="text/json">{"id":116895,"name":"Hypoglycemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoglycemia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14074715]'), work: {"id":14074715,"title":"Effects of red blood cell transfusions during the first week of life on acid-base, glucose, and electrolytes in preterm neonates","created_at":"2015-07-15T07:08:29.993-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14074715/Effects_of_red_blood_cell_transfusions_during_the_first_week_of_life_on_acid_base_glucose_and_electrolytes_in_preterm_neonates?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_14074715","summary":"BACKGROUND: More than 90 percent of extremely low-birth-weight infants receive one or more transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs). The objective was to assess if RBC transfusions may induce significant changes of plasma acid-base, electrolyte, and glucose status in extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Records of infants with gestational age of less than 31 weeks who were transfused with RBCs during the first week of life were reviewed (n = 61). Blood samples were collected from infants before and after transfusions to evaluate hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrit, acid-base, electrolyte, and glucose status. Then infants were stratified into four groups that received a RBC volume of less than 15, 15 to 20, more than 20 to 25, or more than 25 mL per kg. RESULTS: Infants received 20.7 (Ϯ1.5) mL per kg RBCs. After transfusions, a significant increase of pO2 (p \u003c 0.0001) and decrease of Ca 2+ (p = 0.047) and glycemia (p \u003c 0.0001) were observed. Infants who were transfused with more than 25 mL per kg were significantly less immature, heavier, and more anemic than infants in other groups. A positive relationship was found between changes of patients' potassium plasma level and K + intake through RBC transfusion (r = 0.442, p = 0.008). Three (4.9%) infants developed hyperkalemia, one (1.6%) had an exacerbation of his hypocalcemia, and another (1.6%) of his hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: RBC transfusions were effective in correcting anemia in our patients and induced a slight increase of pH and pO2 and decrease of Ca 2+ and glycemia, which were not clinically relevant. A linear direct correlation was observed between potassium intake by RBC transfusions and changes of kalemia in our infants, but there was not an increase of K + plasma level after transfusions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44636000,"asset_id":14074715,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33088436,"first_name":"Firmino","last_name":"Rubaltelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FirminoRubaltelli","display_name":"Firmino Rubaltelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FirminoRubaltelli?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33108587,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Dani","domain_name":"unifi","page_name":"CarloDani","display_name":"Carlo Dani","profile_url":"https://unifi.academia.edu/CarloDani?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33131879,"first_name":"Iuri","last_name":"Corsini","domain_name":"unifi","page_name":"IuriCorsini","display_name":"Iuri Corsini","profile_url":"https://unifi.academia.edu/IuriCorsini?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":205876144,"first_name":"Giovanna","last_name":"Bertini","domain_name":"aoucareggi","page_name":"GiovannaBertini","display_name":"Giovanna Bertini","profile_url":"https://aoucareggi.academia.edu/GiovannaBertini?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205876144/66384375/54735444/s65_giovanna.bertini.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":116895,"name":"Hypoglycemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoglycemia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":136346,"name":"Anemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anemia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=67133"},{"id":373249,"name":"Electrolytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrolytes?f_ri=67133"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=67133"},{"id":579219,"name":"Red blood cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_blood_cell?f_ri=67133"},{"id":797418,"name":"Gestational Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_Age?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1307860,"name":"Transfusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfusion?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1396115,"name":"Hyperkalemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hyperkalemia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2045642,"name":"Acid-Base Equilibrium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acid-Base_Equilibrium?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23132257 coauthored" data-work_id="23132257" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23132257/Physiologic_Limitation_of_Omega_Exists_in_Patients_after_the_Norwood_Palliation_and_Is_Underestimated_by_the_Arterial_Venous_Oxygen_Saturation_Difference">Physiologic Limitation of Omega Exists in Patients after the Norwood Palliation and Is Underestimated by the Arterial Venous Oxygen Saturation Difference</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background. Survival after the Norwood palliation (NW) is dependent on maximizing systemic oxygen delivery. Omega ( Ω ) is used to express the excess of oxygen delivery to oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that an intrinsic deficiency... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23132257" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background. Survival after the Norwood palliation (NW) is dependent on maximizing systemic oxygen delivery. Omega ( Ω ) is used to express the excess of oxygen delivery to oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that an intrinsic deficiency in the ability to maximize the relationship between oxygen delivery (DO 2 ) and oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) is present in infants after NW and is underestimated by arterial venous oxygen saturation difference (a-vO 2 ). Methods. Simultaneous arterial and systemic venous blood gas data were prospectively collected for the first 24 hours after surgery in 10 neonates after NW and 32 infants after biventricular repair (BV). Blood gas data were compared between groups. These data were compared with a group of 11 infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) status post NW who were undergoing routine hemodynamic evaluation in the cardiac catheterization lab prior to a bidirectional Glenn operation (pre-Glenn).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23132257" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee8385afc19ab4e702b97225181d93c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43623306,"asset_id":23132257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43623306/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46675886" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyRossi5">Anthony Rossi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46675886" type="text/json">{"id":46675886,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Rossi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnthonyRossi5","display_name":"Anthony Rossi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyRossi5?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-23132257">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-23132257"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeoAlcantarLopez">Leo Alcantar-Lopez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-23132257'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-23132257').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23132257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23132257"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23132257, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23132257", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23132257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23132257; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23132257"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23132257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23132257"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23132257; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23132257]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23132257").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23132257").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23132257"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Defects">Congenital Heart Defects</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57980" type="text/json">{"id":57980,"name":"Congenital Heart Defects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Defects?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant">Infant</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134346" type="text/json">{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="253560" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant">Newborn Infant</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="253560" type="text/json">{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23132257]'), work: {"id":23132257,"title":"Physiologic Limitation of Omega Exists in Patients after the Norwood Palliation and Is Underestimated by the Arterial Venous Oxygen Saturation Difference","created_at":"2016-03-11T05:38:42.088-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23132257/Physiologic_Limitation_of_Omega_Exists_in_Patients_after_the_Norwood_Palliation_and_Is_Underestimated_by_the_Arterial_Venous_Oxygen_Saturation_Difference?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_23132257","summary":"Background. Survival after the Norwood palliation (NW) is dependent on maximizing systemic oxygen delivery. Omega ( Ω ) is used to express the excess of oxygen delivery to oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that an intrinsic deficiency in the ability to maximize the relationship between oxygen delivery (DO 2 ) and oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) is present in infants after NW and is underestimated by arterial venous oxygen saturation difference (a-vO 2 ). Methods. Simultaneous arterial and systemic venous blood gas data were prospectively collected for the first 24 hours after surgery in 10 neonates after NW and 32 infants after biventricular repair (BV). Blood gas data were compared between groups. These data were compared with a group of 11 infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) status post NW who were undergoing routine hemodynamic evaluation in the cardiac catheterization lab prior to a bidirectional Glenn operation (pre-Glenn).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43623306,"asset_id":23132257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46675886,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Rossi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnthonyRossi5","display_name":"Anthony Rossi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyRossi5?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":44907593,"first_name":"Leo","last_name":"Alcantar-Lopez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeoAlcantarLopez","display_name":"Leo Alcantar-Lopez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeoAlcantarLopez?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":57980,"name":"Congenital Heart Defects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Defects?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":735030,"name":"Congenital Heart Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Disease?f_ri=67133"},{"id":876966,"name":"Blood gas analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_gas_analysis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1558342,"name":"Oxygen saturation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_saturation?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1953423,"name":"Postoperative Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postoperative_Period?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20289095 coauthored" data-work_id="20289095" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20289095/Oxygen_Desaturations_Triggered_by_Partial_Seizures_Implications_for_Cardiopulmonary_Instability_in_Epilepsy">Oxygen Desaturations Triggered by Partial Seizures: Implications for Cardiopulmonary Instability in Epilepsy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Purpose: The occurrence of hypoxemia in adults with partial seizures has not been systematically explored. Our aim was to study in detail the temporal dynamics of this specific type of ictal-associated hypoxemia.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20289095" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e412306285fcaab0af8e900598fd31a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41201791,"asset_id":20289095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41201791/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45779190" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IvesJ">John Ives</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45779190" type="text/json">{"id":45779190,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Ives","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IvesJ","display_name":"John Ives","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IvesJ?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20289095">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20289095"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://brown.academia.edu/AndrewBlum">Andrew Blum</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20289095'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20289095').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20289095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20289095"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20289095, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20289095", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20289095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20289095; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20289095"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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Our aim was to study in detail the temporal dynamics of this specific type of ictal-associated hypoxemia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41201791,"asset_id":20289095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45779190,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Ives","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IvesJ","display_name":"John Ives","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IvesJ?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":41526977,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Blum","domain_name":"brown","page_name":"AndrewBlum","display_name":"Andrew Blum","profile_url":"https://brown.academia.edu/AndrewBlum?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":59748,"name":"Sudden Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudden_Death?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":128608,"name":"Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy?f_ri=67133"},{"id":228487,"name":"Epilepsia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epilepsia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":571425,"name":"Oximetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oximetry?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57475086" data-work_id="57475086" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57475086/Extracranial_insults_and_outcome_in_patients_with_acute_head_injury_relationship_to_the_Glasgow_Coma_Scale">Extracranial insults and outcome in patients with acute head injury—relationship to the Glasgow Coma Scale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hypoxia and hypotension are extracranial insults known to have an adverse effect on the outcome of patients with acute head injury. Arterial oxygen tension, blood pressure and the Glasgow Coma Score on admission of 67 patients seen over a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57475086" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hypoxia and hypotension are extracranial insults known to have an adverse effect on the outcome of patients with acute head injury. Arterial oxygen tension, blood pressure and the Glasgow Coma Score on admission of 67 patients seen over a 6-month period were correlated with the outcome at 6 months. With a given level of consciousness the presence of an extracranial insult resulted in a worse outcome than would be predicted. The combination of hypoxia and, hypotension was uniformly fatal as was the presence of severe respiratory dysfunction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57475086" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4b5b1e89ef38083774753aa8c20075c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72360833,"asset_id":57475086,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72360833/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="203721661" href="https://newcastle.academia.edu/AlexanderMENDELOW">Alexander MENDELOW</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="203721661" type="text/json">{"id":203721661,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"MENDELOW","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"AlexanderMENDELOW","display_name":"Alexander MENDELOW","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/AlexanderMENDELOW?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203721661/66141512/54488724/s65_alexander.mendelow.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57475086 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57475086"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57475086, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57475086", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57475086 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57475086; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57475086"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57475086 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57475086"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57475086; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57475086]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57475086").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57475086").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57475086"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57475086]'), work: {"id":57475086,"title":"Extracranial insults and outcome in patients with acute head injury—relationship to the Glasgow Coma Scale","created_at":"2021-10-13T03:35:12.977-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57475086/Extracranial_insults_and_outcome_in_patients_with_acute_head_injury_relationship_to_the_Glasgow_Coma_Scale?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_57475086","summary":"Hypoxia and hypotension are extracranial insults known to have an adverse effect on the outcome of patients with acute head injury. Arterial oxygen tension, blood pressure and the Glasgow Coma Score on admission of 67 patients seen over a 6-month period were correlated with the outcome at 6 months. With a given level of consciousness the presence of an extracranial insult resulted in a worse outcome than would be predicted. The combination of hypoxia and, hypotension was uniformly fatal as was the presence of severe respiratory dysfunction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72360833,"asset_id":57475086,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":203721661,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"MENDELOW","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"AlexanderMENDELOW","display_name":"Alexander MENDELOW","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/AlexanderMENDELOW?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203721661/66141512/54488724/s65_alexander.mendelow.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":80562,"name":"Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Injury?f_ri=67133"},{"id":132366,"name":"Glasgow Coma Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glasgow_Coma_Scale?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=67133"},{"id":368876,"name":"Head injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_injury?f_ri=67133"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=67133"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":615484,"name":"Hypotension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypotension?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2069017" data-work_id="2069017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2069017/Population_differences_in_response_to_hypoxic_stress_in_Atlantic_salmon">Population differences in response to hypoxic stress in Atlantic salmon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Understanding whether populations can adapt to new environmental conditions is a major issue in conservation and evolutionary biology. Aquatic organisms are increasingly exposed to environmental changes linked with human activities in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2069017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Understanding whether populations can adapt to new environmental conditions is a major issue in conservation and evolutionary biology. Aquatic organisms are increasingly exposed to environmental changes linked with human activities in river catchments. For instance, the clogging of bottom substratum by fine sediments is observed in many rivers and usually leads to a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations in gravel beds. Such hypoxic stress can alter the development and even be lethal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos that spend their early life into gravel beds. In this study, we used a common garden experiment to compare the responses to hypoxic stress of four genetically differentiated and environmentally contrasted populations. We used factorial crossing designs to measure additive genetic variation of early life-history traits in each population. Embryos were reared under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and we measured their survival, incubation time and length at the end of embryonic development. Under hypoxic conditions, embryos had a lower survival and hatched later than in normoxic conditions. We found different hypoxia reaction norms among populations, but almost no population effect in both treatments. We also detected significant sire × treatment interactions in most populations and a tendency for heritability values to be lower under stressful conditions. Overall, these results reveal a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in salmon populations that nevertheless differ in their adaptive potential to hypoxia given the distinct reaction norms observed between and within populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2069017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f556a4e7c290b543686484d0f66c419f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50774313,"asset_id":2069017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50774313/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1210189" href="https://mnhn.academia.edu/GuillaumeBal">Guillaume Bal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1210189" type="text/json">{"id":1210189,"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Bal","domain_name":"mnhn","page_name":"GuillaumeBal","display_name":"Guillaume Bal","profile_url":"https://mnhn.academia.edu/GuillaumeBal?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1210189/435986/38169594/s65_guillaume.bal.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2069017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2069017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2069017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2069017", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2069017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2069017").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2069017").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2069017"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93497" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="93497" type="text/json">{"id":93497,"name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2069017]'), work: {"id":2069017,"title":"Population differences in response to hypoxic stress in Atlantic salmon","created_at":"2012-10-30T11:19:57.138-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2069017/Population_differences_in_response_to_hypoxic_stress_in_Atlantic_salmon?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_2069017","summary":"Understanding whether populations can adapt to new environmental conditions is a major issue in conservation and evolutionary biology. Aquatic organisms are increasingly exposed to environmental changes linked with human activities in river catchments. For instance, the clogging of bottom substratum by fine sediments is observed in many rivers and usually leads to a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations in gravel beds. Such hypoxic stress can alter the development and even be lethal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos that spend their early life into gravel beds. In this study, we used a common garden experiment to compare the responses to hypoxic stress of four genetically differentiated and environmentally contrasted populations. We used factorial crossing designs to measure additive genetic variation of early life-history traits in each population. Embryos were reared under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and we measured their survival, incubation time and length at the end of embryonic development. Under hypoxic conditions, embryos had a lower survival and hatched later than in normoxic conditions. We found different hypoxia reaction norms among populations, but almost no population effect in both treatments. We also detected significant sire × treatment interactions in most populations and a tendency for heritability values to be lower under stressful conditions. Overall, these results reveal a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in salmon populations that nevertheless differ in their adaptive potential to hypoxia given the distinct reaction norms observed between and within populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50774313,"asset_id":2069017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1210189,"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Bal","domain_name":"mnhn","page_name":"GuillaumeBal","display_name":"Guillaume Bal","profile_url":"https://mnhn.academia.edu/GuillaumeBal?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1210189/435986/38169594/s65_guillaume.bal.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":93497,"name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=67133"},{"id":441045,"name":"Salmo salar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmo_salar?f_ri=67133"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=67133"},{"id":722449,"name":"Physiological Stress Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiological_Stress_Markers?f_ri=67133"},{"id":822265,"name":"Evolutionary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30138626" data-work_id="30138626" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30138626/Effect_of_Glucose_and_Fatty_Acid_Availability_on_Neonatal_and_Adult_Heart_Contractility">Effect of Glucose and Fatty Acid Availability on Neonatal and Adult Heart Contractility</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Changes in contractility of newborn and adult hearts with different substrates were studied under oxygenation and hypoxia. Under oxygenation, insulin (50 mU/l) and low doses of fatty acids (sodium palmitate 0.12 mM) increased the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30138626" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Changes in contractility of newborn and adult hearts with different substrates were studied under oxygenation and hypoxia. Under oxygenation, insulin (50 mU/l) and low doses of fatty acids (sodium palmitate 0.12 mM) increased the differential ventricular pressure (DVP), while higher doses of fatty acids (from 0.3 to 1.5 mM) decreased it. However, when both low doses of fatty acids and insulin were added simultaneously, tension development decreased. Hypoxia reduced DVP, and low doses of fatty acids restored cardiac force. The contractile response to extracellular glucose concentrations changed during development, and sensitivity to high doses of fatty acids increased with age. In adult cardiomyocytes, glucose uptake was also inhibited by sodium palmitate under oxygenation when cardiac metabolism is fatty acid dependent, but not under hypoxia, when it consumes carbohydrates. Newborn cardiomyocytes consumed more glucose than adult cells, they did not respond to insulin, and palmitate did not completely inhibit glucose uptake neither under oxygenation nor under hypoxia. Substrate availability modified glucose uptake and contractility by independent mechanisms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30138626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db56a49672b1a508f539651b88b6e848" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50596612,"asset_id":30138626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50596612/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56020926" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarinaContreras40">Karina Contreras</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56020926" type="text/json">{"id":56020926,"first_name":"Karina","last_name":"Contreras","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarinaContreras40","display_name":"Karina Contreras","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarinaContreras40?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30138626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30138626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30138626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30138626", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30138626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30138626; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30138626"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30138626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30138626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30138626; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30138626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30138626").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30138626").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30138626"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia">Hypoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10990" type="text/json">{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatology">Neonatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24853" type="text/json">{"id":24853,"name":"Neonatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39000" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography">Electrocardiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39000" type="text/json">{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30138626]'), work: {"id":30138626,"title":"Effect of Glucose and Fatty Acid Availability on Neonatal and Adult Heart Contractility","created_at":"2016-11-28T10:17:07.608-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30138626/Effect_of_Glucose_and_Fatty_Acid_Availability_on_Neonatal_and_Adult_Heart_Contractility?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_30138626","summary":"Changes in contractility of newborn and adult hearts with different substrates were studied under oxygenation and hypoxia. Under oxygenation, insulin (50 mU/l) and low doses of fatty acids (sodium palmitate 0.12 mM) increased the differential ventricular pressure (DVP), while higher doses of fatty acids (from 0.3 to 1.5 mM) decreased it. However, when both low doses of fatty acids and insulin were added simultaneously, tension development decreased. Hypoxia reduced DVP, and low doses of fatty acids restored cardiac force. The contractile response to extracellular glucose concentrations changed during development, and sensitivity to high doses of fatty acids increased with age. In adult cardiomyocytes, glucose uptake was also inhibited by sodium palmitate under oxygenation when cardiac metabolism is fatty acid dependent, but not under hypoxia, when it consumes carbohydrates. Newborn cardiomyocytes consumed more glucose than adult cells, they did not respond to insulin, and palmitate did not completely inhibit glucose uptake neither under oxygenation nor under hypoxia. Substrate availability modified glucose uptake and contractility by independent mechanisms.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50596612,"asset_id":30138626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56020926,"first_name":"Karina","last_name":"Contreras","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarinaContreras40","display_name":"Karina Contreras","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarinaContreras40?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":24853,"name":"Neonatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":71289,"name":"Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose?f_ri=67133"},{"id":71400,"name":"Insulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin?f_ri=67133"},{"id":72821,"name":"Low Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Dose?f_ri=67133"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=67133"},{"id":131495,"name":"Heart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":486713,"name":"Fatty Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatty_Acid?f_ri=67133"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=67133"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1029775,"name":"Glucose Uptake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose_Uptake?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1260596,"name":"Palmitic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palmitic_Acid?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2506745,"name":"Contractility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contractility?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14706345 coauthored" data-work_id="14706345" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14706345/Integrating_nitric_oxide_nitrite_and_hydrogen_sulfide_signaling_in_the_physiological_adaptations_to_hypoxia_A_comparative_approach">Integrating nitric oxide, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide signaling in the physiological adaptations to hypoxia: A comparative approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrite (NO 2 − ) are formed in vivo and are of crucial importance in the tissue response to hypoxia, particularly in the cardiovascular system, where these signaling molecules are involved... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14706345" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrite (NO 2 − ) are formed in vivo and are of crucial importance in the tissue response to hypoxia, particularly in the cardiovascular system, where these signaling molecules are involved in a multitude of processes including the regulation of vascular tone, cellular metabolic function and cytoprotection. This report summarizes current advances on the mechanisms by which these signaling pathways act and may have evolved in animals with different tolerance to hypoxia, as presented and discussed during the scientific sessions of the annual meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology in 2011 in Glasgow. It also highlights the need and potential for a comparative approach of study and collaborative effort to identify potential link(s) between the signaling pathways involving NO, nitrite and H 2 S in the whole-body responses to hypoxia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14706345" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e4c30a13c65e07a8ea254ed5ba15484" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43957624,"asset_id":14706345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43957624/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33660448" href="https://au.academia.edu/AngelaFago">Angela Fago</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33660448" type="text/json">{"id":33660448,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Fago","domain_name":"au","page_name":"AngelaFago","display_name":"Angela Fago","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/AngelaFago?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14706345">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14706345"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uio.academia.edu/SjannieLefevre">Sjannie Lefevre</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KOlson6">K. Olson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14706345'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14706345').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14706345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14706345"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14706345, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14706345", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14706345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14706345; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14706345"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14706345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14706345"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14706345; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14706345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14706345").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14706345").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14706345"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14706345]'), work: {"id":14706345,"title":"Integrating nitric oxide, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide signaling in the physiological adaptations to hypoxia: A comparative approach","created_at":"2015-08-05T23:24:52.996-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14706345/Integrating_nitric_oxide_nitrite_and_hydrogen_sulfide_signaling_in_the_physiological_adaptations_to_hypoxia_A_comparative_approach?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_14706345","summary":"Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrite (NO 2 − ) are formed in vivo and are of crucial importance in the tissue response to hypoxia, particularly in the cardiovascular system, where these signaling molecules are involved in a multitude of processes including the regulation of vascular tone, cellular metabolic function and cytoprotection. This report summarizes current advances on the mechanisms by which these signaling pathways act and may have evolved in animals with different tolerance to hypoxia, as presented and discussed during the scientific sessions of the annual meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology in 2011 in Glasgow. It also highlights the need and potential for a comparative approach of study and collaborative effort to identify potential link(s) between the signaling pathways involving NO, nitrite and H 2 S in the whole-body responses to hypoxia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43957624,"asset_id":14706345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33660448,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Fago","domain_name":"au","page_name":"AngelaFago","display_name":"Angela Fago","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/AngelaFago?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32875629,"first_name":"Sjannie","last_name":"Lefevre","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"SjannieLefevre","display_name":"Sjannie Lefevre","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/SjannieLefevre?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42209109,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Olson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KOlson6","display_name":"K. Olson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KOlson6?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=67133"},{"id":382388,"name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_Oxide_Synthase?f_ri=67133"},{"id":476869,"name":"Hydrogen Sulfide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Sulfide?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1035420,"name":"Vasodilation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vasodilation?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1654024,"name":"Nitrites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrites?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17418485 coauthored" data-work_id="17418485" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17418485/Clinical_prediction_models_for_bronchopulmonary_dysplasia_a_systematic_review_and_external_validation_study">Clinical prediction models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review and external validation study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth. Very different models using clinical parameters at an early postnatal age to predict BPD have been developed with little extensive quantitative... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17418485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth. Very different models using clinical parameters at an early postnatal age to predict BPD have been developed with little extensive quantitative validation. The objective of this study is to review and validate clinical prediction models for BPD.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17418485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3110bd85b6d5332db8b872970b1544bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39496496,"asset_id":17418485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39496496/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37144812" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WesOnland">Wes Onland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37144812" type="text/json">{"id":37144812,"first_name":"Wes","last_name":"Onland","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WesOnland","display_name":"Wes Onland","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WesOnland?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-17418485">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-17418485"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://umcutrecht.academia.edu/ThomasDebray">Thomas Debray</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uwa.academia.edu/JanePillow">Jane Pillow</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unicatt.academia.edu/GiovanniVento">Giovanni Vento</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-17418485'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-17418485').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17418485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17418485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17418485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17418485", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17418485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17418485; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17418485"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17418485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17418485"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17418485; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17418485]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17418485").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17418485").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17418485"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birth_Weight">Birth Weight</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47155" type="text/json">{"id":47155,"name":"Birth Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birth_Weight?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89805" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Loss">Weight Loss</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="89805" type="text/json">{"id":89805,"name":"Weight Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Loss?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96893" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calibration">Calibration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="96893" type="text/json">{"id":96893,"name":"Calibration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calibration?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17418485]'), work: {"id":17418485,"title":"Clinical prediction models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review and external validation study","created_at":"2015-10-28T07:47:08.371-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17418485/Clinical_prediction_models_for_bronchopulmonary_dysplasia_a_systematic_review_and_external_validation_study?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_17418485","summary":"Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth. Very different models using clinical parameters at an early postnatal age to predict BPD have been developed with little extensive quantitative validation. The objective of this study is to review and validate clinical prediction models for BPD.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39496496,"asset_id":17418485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37144812,"first_name":"Wes","last_name":"Onland","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WesOnland","display_name":"Wes Onland","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WesOnland?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":19602482,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Debray","domain_name":"umcutrecht","page_name":"ThomasDebray","display_name":"Thomas Debray","profile_url":"https://umcutrecht.academia.edu/ThomasDebray?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19602482/5465545/6230848/s65_thomas.debray.jpg"},{"id":21696307,"first_name":"Jane","last_name":"Pillow","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"JanePillow","display_name":"Jane Pillow","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/JanePillow?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":37285789,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Vento","domain_name":"unicatt","page_name":"GiovanniVento","display_name":"Giovanni Vento","profile_url":"https://unicatt.academia.edu/GiovanniVento?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47155,"name":"Birth Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birth_Weight?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":89805,"name":"Weight Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Loss?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":96893,"name":"Calibration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calibration?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=67133"},{"id":194916,"name":"ROC Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ROC_Curve?f_ri=67133"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=67133"},{"id":633452,"name":"Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronchopulmonary_Dysplasia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":797418,"name":"Gestational Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_Age?f_ri=67133"},{"id":936874,"name":"Bias (Epidemiology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bias_Epidemiology_?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1001099,"name":"Diuresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diuresis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1217494,"name":"Early Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Diagnosis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1309706,"name":"Area Under Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Under_Curve?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68260993" data-work_id="68260993" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68260993/Acid_Base_Balance_and_Ventilation_During_Sternal_and_Lateral_Recumbency_in_Field_Immobilized_Black_Rhinoceros_Diceros_Bicornis_Receiving_Oxygen_Insufflation_A_Preliminary_Report">Acid-Base Balance and Ventilation During Sternal and Lateral Recumbency in Field Immobilized Black Rhinoceros (Diceros Bicornis) Receiving Oxygen Insufflation: A Preliminary Report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Posture, ventilation, and acid-base balance using auricular venous blood values (pH, lactate, base excess [BE], HCO { 3 , PO 2 , SO 2 , and PCO 2), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO 2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ET CO 2) were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68260993" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Posture, ventilation, and acid-base balance using auricular venous blood values (pH, lactate, base excess [BE], HCO { 3 , PO 2 , SO 2 , and PCO 2), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO 2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ET CO 2) were compared between sternal (STE) and lateral (LAT) recumbency in free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis bicornis) receiving oxygen insufflation. Data are reported as median, minimum, and maximum (median [minimum, maximum]). Thirty-six desert-adapted black rhinoceros (20 male, 16 female; age 8 [1.5, 33] yr) were immobilized in Namibia in March and April of 2008, from a helicopter, by remote intramuscular injection with etorphine HCl, azaperone, and hyaluronidase. Time from darting to recumbency was 6.0 (3, 15.5) min. Data were organized into two sampling periods: sample period 1 (P1, collected within 0-20 min postdarting; 13 [6.5, 19] min) and sample period 2 (P2, collected between 20-40 min postdarting; 32 [22.3, 39] min). All animals were acidemic (pH 7.24 [7.07, 7.32]) and hypoxemic (PO 2 51 [38, 95.2]; SO 2 78 [64, 96] mmHg) after capture. Lactate at P1 was 7.2 (3.2, 16.8) mmol/l and decreased (P50.01) to 4.6 (1.2, 10.9) mmol/l at P2. At P2, lactate was less (P50.06) in LAT 3.5 (1.2, 8.6) mmol/l than in STE posture 7.4 (3.1, 10.9) mmol/l. In P2, PO 2 , SO 2 , and SpO 2 were higher (P50.02, 0.10, and 0.01, respectively) in STE than in LAT. End-tidal carbon dioxide in LAT was 38 (26, 47) mmHg and increased (P,0.001) rapidly to 48 (37, 55) mmHg when animals were moved into STE; no corresponding change in PCO 2 was observed. These preliminary findings suggest that STE posture in recumbent black rhinoceros reduces dead-space ventilation and improves oxygenation. Lateral posture was associated with lower blood lactate, quicker lactate recovery, or both. It is possible that the posture of recumbent rhinoceros after capture affects lactate accumulation and clearance, or both, and procedures should consider positioning in order to enhance perfusion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68260993" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c257b2d51f05286043e4f77e2e5c2216" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78800490,"asset_id":68260993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78800490/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28258915" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobinRadcliffe">Robin Radcliffe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28258915" type="text/json">{"id":28258915,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Radcliffe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobinRadcliffe","display_name":"Robin Radcliffe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobinRadcliffe?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28258915/10189640/11371107/s65_robin.radcliffe.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68260993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68260993"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68260993, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68260993", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68260993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68260993; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68260993"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68260993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68260993"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68260993; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68260993]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68260993").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68260993").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68260993"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Diseases">Wildlife Diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38428" type="text/json">{"id":38428,"name":"Wildlife Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Diseases?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68260993]'), work: {"id":68260993,"title":"Acid-Base Balance and Ventilation During Sternal and Lateral Recumbency in Field Immobilized Black Rhinoceros (Diceros Bicornis) Receiving Oxygen Insufflation: A Preliminary Report","created_at":"2022-01-15T04:45:44.411-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68260993/Acid_Base_Balance_and_Ventilation_During_Sternal_and_Lateral_Recumbency_in_Field_Immobilized_Black_Rhinoceros_Diceros_Bicornis_Receiving_Oxygen_Insufflation_A_Preliminary_Report?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_68260993","summary":"Posture, ventilation, and acid-base balance using auricular venous blood values (pH, lactate, base excess [BE], HCO { 3 , PO 2 , SO 2 , and PCO 2), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO 2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ET CO 2) were compared between sternal (STE) and lateral (LAT) recumbency in free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis bicornis) receiving oxygen insufflation. Data are reported as median, minimum, and maximum (median [minimum, maximum]). Thirty-six desert-adapted black rhinoceros (20 male, 16 female; age 8 [1.5, 33] yr) were immobilized in Namibia in March and April of 2008, from a helicopter, by remote intramuscular injection with etorphine HCl, azaperone, and hyaluronidase. Time from darting to recumbency was 6.0 (3, 15.5) min. Data were organized into two sampling periods: sample period 1 (P1, collected within 0-20 min postdarting; 13 [6.5, 19] min) and sample period 2 (P2, collected between 20-40 min postdarting; 32 [22.3, 39] min). All animals were acidemic (pH 7.24 [7.07, 7.32]) and hypoxemic (PO 2 51 [38, 95.2]; SO 2 78 [64, 96] mmHg) after capture. Lactate at P1 was 7.2 (3.2, 16.8) mmol/l and decreased (P50.01) to 4.6 (1.2, 10.9) mmol/l at P2. At P2, lactate was less (P50.06) in LAT 3.5 (1.2, 8.6) mmol/l than in STE posture 7.4 (3.1, 10.9) mmol/l. In P2, PO 2 , SO 2 , and SpO 2 were higher (P50.02, 0.10, and 0.01, respectively) in STE than in LAT. End-tidal carbon dioxide in LAT was 38 (26, 47) mmHg and increased (P,0.001) rapidly to 48 (37, 55) mmHg when animals were moved into STE; no corresponding change in PCO 2 was observed. These preliminary findings suggest that STE posture in recumbent black rhinoceros reduces dead-space ventilation and improves oxygenation. Lateral posture was associated with lower blood lactate, quicker lactate recovery, or both. It is possible that the posture of recumbent rhinoceros after capture affects lactate accumulation and clearance, or both, and procedures should consider positioning in order to enhance perfusion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78800490,"asset_id":68260993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28258915,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Radcliffe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobinRadcliffe","display_name":"Robin Radcliffe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobinRadcliffe?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28258915/10189640/11371107/s65_robin.radcliffe.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":38428,"name":"Wildlife Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Diseases?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":77509,"name":"Perissodactyla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perissodactyla?f_ri=67133"},{"id":133605,"name":"Namibia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Namibia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration?f_ri=67133"},{"id":228356,"name":"Posture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posture?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":876966,"name":"Blood gas analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_gas_analysis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1074508,"name":"Lactic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1154231,"name":"Immobilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immobilization?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1435711,"name":"Capnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capnography?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2045642,"name":"Acid-Base Equilibrium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acid-Base_Equilibrium?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67591739" data-work_id="67591739" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67591739/An_Official_American_Thoracic_Society_European_Respiratory_Society_Statement_The_Role_of_the_Pulmonologist_in_the_Diagnosis_and_Management_of_Lung_Cancer">An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: The Role of the Pulmonologist in the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognized as a core component of the management of individuals with chronic respiratory disease. Since the 2006 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Statement on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67591739" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognized as a core component of the management of individuals with chronic respiratory disease. Since the 2006 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation, there has been considerable growth in our knowledge of its efficacy and scope. Purpose: The purpose of this Statement is to update the 2006 document, including a new definition of pulmonary rehabilitation and highlighting key concepts and major advances in the field. Methods: A multidisciplinary committee of experts representing the ATS Pulmonary Rehabilitation Assembly and the ERS Scientific Group 01.02, "Rehabilitation and Chronic Care," determined the overall scope of this update through group consensus. Focused literature reviews in key topic areas were conducted by committee members with relevant clinical and scientific expertise. The final content of this Statement was agreed on by all members. Results: An updated definition of pulmonary rehabilitation is proposed. New data are presented on the science and application of pulmonary rehabilitation, including its effectiveness in acutely ill individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in individuals with other chronic respiratory diseases. The important role of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic disease management is highlighted. In addition, the role of health behavior change in optimizing and maintaining benefits is discussed. Conclusions: The considerable growth in the science and application of pulmonary rehabilitation since 2006 adds further support for its efficacy in a wide range of individuals with chronic respiratory disease.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67591739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="860e9fd342d64dcf5cd1256e981127de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78352799,"asset_id":67591739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78352799/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32588922" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/FrancescoBlasi">Francesco Blasi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32588922" type="text/json">{"id":32588922,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Blasi","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"FrancescoBlasi","display_name":"Francesco Blasi","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/FrancescoBlasi?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67591739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67591739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67591739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67591739", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67591739]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67591739").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67591739").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67591739"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity">Obesity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3851" type="text/json">{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology">Skeletal muscle biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4228" type="text/json">{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress">Oxidative Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14292" type="text/json">{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy">Exercise therapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25443" type="text/json">{"id":25443,"name":"Exercise therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67591739]'), work: {"id":67591739,"title":"An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: The Role of the Pulmonologist in the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer","created_at":"2022-01-08T01:49:54.287-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67591739/An_Official_American_Thoracic_Society_European_Respiratory_Society_Statement_The_Role_of_the_Pulmonologist_in_the_Diagnosis_and_Management_of_Lung_Cancer?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_67591739","summary":"Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognized as a core component of the management of individuals with chronic respiratory disease. Since the 2006 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation, there has been considerable growth in our knowledge of its efficacy and scope. Purpose: The purpose of this Statement is to update the 2006 document, including a new definition of pulmonary rehabilitation and highlighting key concepts and major advances in the field. Methods: A multidisciplinary committee of experts representing the ATS Pulmonary Rehabilitation Assembly and the ERS Scientific Group 01.02, \"Rehabilitation and Chronic Care,\" determined the overall scope of this update through group consensus. Focused literature reviews in key topic areas were conducted by committee members with relevant clinical and scientific expertise. The final content of this Statement was agreed on by all members. Results: An updated definition of pulmonary rehabilitation is proposed. New data are presented on the science and application of pulmonary rehabilitation, including its effectiveness in acutely ill individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in individuals with other chronic respiratory diseases. The important role of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic disease management is highlighted. In addition, the role of health behavior change in optimizing and maintaining benefits is discussed. Conclusions: The considerable growth in the science and application of pulmonary rehabilitation since 2006 adds further support for its efficacy in a wide range of individuals with chronic respiratory disease.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78352799,"asset_id":67591739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32588922,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Blasi","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"FrancescoBlasi","display_name":"Francesco Blasi","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/FrancescoBlasi?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":25443,"name":"Exercise therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=67133"},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=67133"},{"id":214054,"name":"Bibliographic Databases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bibliographic_Databases?f_ri=67133"},{"id":556576,"name":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease?f_ri=67133"},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1114577,"name":"Vitamin D Deficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitamin_D_Deficiency?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1210716,"name":"Exercise Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_Tolerance?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2197154,"name":"Extremities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extremities?f_ri=67133"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55916769" data-work_id="55916769" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55916769/Use_of_an_amino_cupric_silver_technique_for_the_detection_of_early_and_semiacute_neuronal_degeneration_caused_by_neurotoxicants_hypoxia_and_physical_trauma">Use of an amino-cupric-silver technique for the detection of early and semiacute neuronal degeneration caused by neurotoxicants, hypoxia, and physical trauma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Use of an amino-cupric-silver technique for the detection of early and semiacute neuronal degeneration caused by neurotoxicants, hypoxia, and physical trauma. NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL 16(6) 545-561, 1994.-A new amino-cupric silver protocol is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55916769" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Use of an amino-cupric-silver technique for the detection of early and semiacute neuronal degeneration caused by neurotoxicants, hypoxia, and physical trauma. NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL 16(6) 545-561, 1994.-A new amino-cupric silver protocol is described for detection of neuronal degeneration. We describe its selectivity in visualizing both early and semiacute degeneration after intracerebrai or systemic administration of a variety of neurotoxicants in rats, and after transient ischemie episodes in gerbils. As early as 5 min after physical trauma, or 15 min following either intrastriatal injections of glutamate analogs or exposure to ischemic episodes, neuronal silver staining was evident at primary sites of trauma (i.g. injection sites) and at hodologically related secondary sites. With intoxication by peripheral injections of trimethyltin (IP) or intracerebral injections of Doxorubicin, reproducible patterns of degeneration are demonstrable after 24 h or after 9-13 days, respectively. The amino-cupric silver method permits simultaneous detection of all neuronal compartments against a clear background. Degeneration in the neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axons and terminals, as well as the recruitment of new structures in a progressive pathologic process, could be accurately followed. The inclusion of new reagents increased the sensitivity visA -vis previous versions of the cupric-silver method. The advantages and disadvantages of the current method in comparison with other means of neurotoxic assessment are discussed in detail, with special emphasis on its unique ability to discriminate irreversible degenerative phenomena and degeneration of axonal components in cases where the cell body remains apparently intact. The amino-cupric silver method is an especially useful tool for surveying neuronal damage in basic neuroscience investigations and in neuropathologic and neurotoxic assessment. Brain Silver method Neuronal degeneration Excitotoxicity Ischemia Physical trauma Neuropathology Neuroscience Neurotoxicology NMDA Glutamate analogs THE USE OF silver impregnation procedures for the study of degenerative changes in the nervous system has increased significantly during the past few years, as investigators have rediscovered the unique value of these procedures in identifying damaged neuronal elements. Recent studies include the demonstration of axonal projections arising from neurons undergoing transneuronal anterograde degeneration (17,41), the identification of cells undergoing developmental neuronal death (50,66), or the detection of neuronal damage by neurotoxins including colchicine, 6-hydroxydopamine, puromycin, tetanus toxin, capsaicin, and organometallic compounds (4-5,26,35,57,61). The silver methods have also been used to detect the excitotoxic effects of glutamate and its analogues, the action of 3-acetylpyridine and diazepam, as well as the effects of ischemia, drugs of abuse, epilepsy, hypoglycemia,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55916769" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b2d05c2ce232cb1622c0931fae02578" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71560540,"asset_id":55916769,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71560540/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67127544" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SdeOlmos">Soledad de Olmos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67127544" type="text/json">{"id":67127544,"first_name":"Soledad","last_name":"de Olmos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SdeOlmos","display_name":"Soledad de Olmos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SdeOlmos?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55916769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55916769"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55916769, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55916769", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55916769]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55916769").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55916769").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55916769"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51688" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotoxicology">Neurotoxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51688" type="text/json">{"id":51688,"name":"Neurotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotoxicology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55916769]'), work: {"id":55916769,"title":"Use of an amino-cupric-silver technique for the detection of early and semiacute neuronal degeneration caused by neurotoxicants, hypoxia, and physical trauma","created_at":"2021-10-06T04:49:00.179-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55916769/Use_of_an_amino_cupric_silver_technique_for_the_detection_of_early_and_semiacute_neuronal_degeneration_caused_by_neurotoxicants_hypoxia_and_physical_trauma?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_55916769","summary":"Use of an amino-cupric-silver technique for the detection of early and semiacute neuronal degeneration caused by neurotoxicants, hypoxia, and physical trauma. NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL 16(6) 545-561, 1994.-A new amino-cupric silver protocol is described for detection of neuronal degeneration. We describe its selectivity in visualizing both early and semiacute degeneration after intracerebrai or systemic administration of a variety of neurotoxicants in rats, and after transient ischemie episodes in gerbils. As early as 5 min after physical trauma, or 15 min following either intrastriatal injections of glutamate analogs or exposure to ischemic episodes, neuronal silver staining was evident at primary sites of trauma (i.g. injection sites) and at hodologically related secondary sites. With intoxication by peripheral injections of trimethyltin (IP) or intracerebral injections of Doxorubicin, reproducible patterns of degeneration are demonstrable after 24 h or after 9-13 days, respectively. The amino-cupric silver method permits simultaneous detection of all neuronal compartments against a clear background. Degeneration in the neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axons and terminals, as well as the recruitment of new structures in a progressive pathologic process, could be accurately followed. The inclusion of new reagents increased the sensitivity visA -vis previous versions of the cupric-silver method. The advantages and disadvantages of the current method in comparison with other means of neurotoxic assessment are discussed in detail, with special emphasis on its unique ability to discriminate irreversible degenerative phenomena and degeneration of axonal components in cases where the cell body remains apparently intact. The amino-cupric silver method is an especially useful tool for surveying neuronal damage in basic neuroscience investigations and in neuropathologic and neurotoxic assessment. Brain Silver method Neuronal degeneration Excitotoxicity Ischemia Physical trauma Neuropathology Neuroscience Neurotoxicology NMDA Glutamate analogs THE USE OF silver impregnation procedures for the study of degenerative changes in the nervous system has increased significantly during the past few years, as investigators have rediscovered the unique value of these procedures in identifying damaged neuronal elements. Recent studies include the demonstration of axonal projections arising from neurons undergoing transneuronal anterograde degeneration (17,41), the identification of cells undergoing developmental neuronal death (50,66), or the detection of neuronal damage by neurotoxins including colchicine, 6-hydroxydopamine, puromycin, tetanus toxin, capsaicin, and organometallic compounds (4-5,26,35,57,61). The silver methods have also been used to detect the excitotoxic effects of glutamate and its analogues, the action of 3-acetylpyridine and diazepam, as well as the effects of ischemia, drugs of abuse, epilepsy, hypoglycemia,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71560540,"asset_id":55916769,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67127544,"first_name":"Soledad","last_name":"de Olmos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SdeOlmos","display_name":"Soledad de Olmos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SdeOlmos?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":51688,"name":"Neurotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotoxicology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":172827,"name":"Brain Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":239480,"name":"Neurotoxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotoxins?f_ri=67133"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=67133"},{"id":436755,"name":"Degeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Degeneration?f_ri=67133"},{"id":597688,"name":"Armadillos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armadillos?f_ri=67133"},{"id":637718,"name":"Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System?f_ri=67133"},{"id":788677,"name":"Rabbits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbits?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2915986,"name":"Haplorhini","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplorhini?f_ri=67133"},{"id":3016419,"name":"Gerbillinae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gerbillinae?f_ri=67133"},{"id":3341870,"name":"quinolinic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/quinolinic_acid?f_ri=67133"},{"id":3769209,"name":"Guinea pigs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guinea_pigs?f_ri=67133"},{"id":3847915,"name":"Nerve degeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nerve_degeneration?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35162838" data-work_id="35162838" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35162838/Oxygen_delivery_and_fetal_placental_growth_Beyond_a_question_of_supply_and_demand">Oxygen delivery and fetal-placental growth: Beyond a question of supply and demand?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Towards the end of the first trimester, blood flow and oxygenation rise within the placenta, supporting an increased capacity for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in both the placenta and developing fetus. In this regard, the placenta... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35162838" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Towards the end of the first trimester, blood flow and oxygenation rise within the placenta, supporting an increased capacity for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in both the placenta and developing fetus. In this regard, the placenta acts uniquely as both a conduit of oxygen to the fetal circulation and a significant consumer of oxygen in order to support its own energy demands for the processes of nutrient transport and protein synthesis for hormone production and growth. When the supply of oxygen becomes restricted, for example during chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude, placental and fetal tissues respond in order to optimise the allocation of oxygen between competing demands. In this case, the placenta appears to remodel its metabolism to decrease oxygen consumption, probably by increasing ATP production via glycolysis. This process can maintain oxygen supply to the fetus but is still associated with growth restriction. Oxidative stress, a feature of pre-eclampsia, might elicit similar metabolic changes in the absence of hypoxia. This review considers what is known about the metabolic response of the placenta and fetal tissues to hypoxia and oxidative stress, and suggests possible mechanisms that might underlie such metabolic remodelling using lessons from other tissues and organ systems. Aspects of the hypoxia response that remain to be addressed are highlighted and future studies suggested. Much remains unknown about the coordinated metabolic response of the fetalplacental unit to chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress, but it would appear to be more than a simple question of supply and demand.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35162838" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8050fa9184239bfde631f9e1e9793f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55024887,"asset_id":35162838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55024887/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217510" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/AndrewMurray">Andrew Murray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217510" type="text/json">{"id":217510,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Murray","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"AndrewMurray","display_name":"Andrew Murray","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/AndrewMurray?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217510/49508/45580/s65_andrew.murray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35162838 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35162838"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35162838, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35162838", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35162838]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35162838").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35162838").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35162838"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia">Hypoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10990" type="text/json">{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress">Oxidative Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14292" type="text/json">{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15719" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria">Mitochondria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15719" type="text/json">{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development">Fetal development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43162" type="text/json">{"id":43162,"name":"Fetal development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35162838]'), work: {"id":35162838,"title":"Oxygen delivery and fetal-placental growth: Beyond a question of supply and demand?","created_at":"2017-11-16T07:21:03.850-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35162838/Oxygen_delivery_and_fetal_placental_growth_Beyond_a_question_of_supply_and_demand?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_35162838","summary":"Towards the end of the first trimester, blood flow and oxygenation rise within the placenta, supporting an increased capacity for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in both the placenta and developing fetus. In this regard, the placenta acts uniquely as both a conduit of oxygen to the fetal circulation and a significant consumer of oxygen in order to support its own energy demands for the processes of nutrient transport and protein synthesis for hormone production and growth. When the supply of oxygen becomes restricted, for example during chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude, placental and fetal tissues respond in order to optimise the allocation of oxygen between competing demands. In this case, the placenta appears to remodel its metabolism to decrease oxygen consumption, probably by increasing ATP production via glycolysis. This process can maintain oxygen supply to the fetus but is still associated with growth restriction. Oxidative stress, a feature of pre-eclampsia, might elicit similar metabolic changes in the absence of hypoxia. This review considers what is known about the metabolic response of the placenta and fetal tissues to hypoxia and oxidative stress, and suggests possible mechanisms that might underlie such metabolic remodelling using lessons from other tissues and organ systems. Aspects of the hypoxia response that remain to be addressed are highlighted and future studies suggested. Much remains unknown about the coordinated metabolic response of the fetalplacental unit to chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress, but it would appear to be more than a simple question of supply and demand.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55024887,"asset_id":35162838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217510,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Murray","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"AndrewMurray","display_name":"Andrew Murray","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/AndrewMurray?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217510/49508/45580/s65_andrew.murray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":43162,"name":"Fetal development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=67133"},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=67133"},{"id":91281,"name":"VEGF","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/VEGF?f_ri=67133"},{"id":104725,"name":"Phd","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phd?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":533673,"name":"PPAR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PPAR?f_ri=67133"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1485762,"name":"HIF","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIF?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1496264,"name":"Pdh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pdh?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1857822,"name":"Pre Eclampsia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre_Eclampsia?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29713373 coauthored" data-work_id="29713373" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29713373/The_Mechanism_of_Taurine_Protection_Against_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_Stress_in_an_Animal_Stroke_Model_of_Cerebral_Artery_Occlusion_and_Stroke_Related_Conditions_in_Primary_Neuronal_Cell_Culture">The Mechanism of Taurine Protection Against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in an Animal Stroke Model of Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Stroke-Related Conditions in Primary Neuronal Cell Culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Taurine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and is one of the most abundant amino acids present in the mammalian nervous system. Taurine has been shown to provide protection against neurological diseases, such as Huntington's disease,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29713373" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Taurine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and is one of the most abundant amino acids present in the mammalian nervous system. Taurine has been shown to provide protection against neurological diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. It is generally believed that ischemia-induced brain injury is largely due to excessive release of glutamate resulting in excitotoxicity and cell death. Despite extensive research, there are still no effective interventions for stroke. Recently, we have shown that taurine can provide effective protection against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by excitotoxicity or oxidative stress in PC12 cell line or primary neuronal cell cultures. In this study, we employed hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions for primary cortical neuronal cell cultures as an in vitro model of stroke as well as the in vivo model of rat focal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Our data showed that when primary neuronal cultures were fi rst subjected</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29713373" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78eb245c1b549044b98cbe890877acbb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50163500,"asset_id":29713373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50163500/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56254864" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RuiTao1">Rui Tao</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56254864" type="text/json">{"id":56254864,"first_name":"Rui","last_name":"Tao","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RuiTao1","display_name":"Rui Tao","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RuiTao1?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29713373">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29713373"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://fau.academia.edu/JanetMenzie">Janet Menzie</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29713373'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29713373').html(); 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Taurine has been shown to provide protection against neurological diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. It is generally believed that ischemia-induced brain injury is largely due to excessive release of glutamate resulting in excitotoxicity and cell death. Despite extensive research, there are still no effective interventions for stroke. Recently, we have shown that taurine can provide effective protection against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by excitotoxicity or oxidative stress in PC12 cell line or primary neuronal cell cultures. In this study, we employed hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions for primary cortical neuronal cell cultures as an in vitro model of stroke as well as the in vivo model of rat focal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Our data showed that when primary neuronal cultures were fi rst subjected","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50163500,"asset_id":29713373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56254864,"first_name":"Rui","last_name":"Tao","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RuiTao1","display_name":"Rui Tao","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RuiTao1?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":56323366,"first_name":"Janet","last_name":"Menzie","domain_name":"fau","page_name":"JanetMenzie","display_name":"Janet Menzie","profile_url":"https://fau.academia.edu/JanetMenzie?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11298,"name":"Membrane Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":18459,"name":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endoplasmic_Reticulum_Stress?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=67133"},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":172827,"name":"Brain Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=67133"},{"id":247477,"name":"Caspase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caspase?f_ri=67133"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=67133"},{"id":601338,"name":"Taurine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taurine?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1953419,"name":"Neuroprotective Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotective_Agents?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2039739,"name":"Down-Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Down-Regulation?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12508470" data-work_id="12508470" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12508470/Effects_of_Acute_Intermittent_Hypoxia_on_Working_Memory_in_Young_Healthy_Adults">Effects of Acute Intermittent Hypoxia on Working Memory in Young Healthy Adults</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">ingestion of B. edulis, and described three proteins, the most reactive ones at 55 and 80 kD, and the other at 75 kD, but only in the sera of the subject with recurrent anaphylaxis.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12508470" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31378389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnneChampod">Anne Champod</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31378389" type="text/json">{"id":31378389,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Champod","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnneChampod","display_name":"Anne Champod","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnneChampod?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12508470 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12508470"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12508470, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12508470", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12508470 InlineList-item 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data-has-card-for-ri="119665" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time">Reaction Time</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119665" type="text/json">{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="413194" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance">Analysis of Variance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="413194" type="text/json">{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="522464" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Short_Term_Memory">Short Term Memory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="522464" type="text/json">{"id":522464,"name":"Short Term Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Short_Term_Memory?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12508470]'), work: {"id":12508470,"title":"Effects of Acute Intermittent Hypoxia on Working Memory in Young Healthy Adults","created_at":"2015-05-21T06:31:55.122-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12508470/Effects_of_Acute_Intermittent_Hypoxia_on_Working_Memory_in_Young_Healthy_Adults?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_12508470","summary":"ingestion of B. edulis, and described three proteins, the most reactive ones at 55 and 80 kD, and the other at 75 kD, but only in the sera of the subject with recurrent anaphylaxis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46129431,"asset_id":12508470,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31378389,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Champod","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnneChampod","display_name":"Anne Champod","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnneChampod?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":522464,"name":"Short Term Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Short_Term_Memory?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":974411,"name":"Memory Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Disorders?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1144102,"name":"Task Performance and Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Task_Performance_and_Analysis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1146830,"name":"Cross-Over Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Over_Studies?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19579233" data-work_id="19579233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19579233/Hypoxia_inducible_Expression_of_Tumor_associated_Carbonic_Anhydrases">Hypoxia-inducible Expression of Tumor-associated Carbonic Anhydrases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The transcriptional complex hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has emerged as an important mediator of gene expression patterns in tumors, although the range of responding genes is still incompletely defined. Here we show that the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19579233" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The transcriptional complex hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has emerged as an important mediator of gene expression patterns in tumors, although the range of responding genes is still incompletely defined. Here we show that the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are tightly regulated by this system. Both CA9 and CA12 were strongly induced by hypoxia in a range of tumor cell lines. In renal carcinoma cells that are defective for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, up-regulation of these CAs is associated with loss of regulation by hypoxia, consistent with the critical function of pVHL in the regulation of HIF-1. Further studies of CA9 defined a HIF-1-dependent hypoxia response element in the minimal promoter and demonstrated that tight regulation by the HIF/ pVHL system was reflected in the pattern of CA IX expression within tumors. Generalized up-regulation of CA IX in VHL-associated renal cell carcinoma contrasted with focal perinecrotic expression in a variety of non-VHL-associated tumors. In comparison with vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA, expression of CA IX demonstrated a similar, although more tightly circumscribed, pattern of expression around regions of necrosis and showed substantial although incomplete overlap with activation of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. These studies define a new class of HIF-1-responsive gene, the activation of which has implications for the understanding of hypoxic tumor metabolism and which may provide endogenous markers for tumor hypoxia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19579233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b2c270bb4b06d592fe9fa9cc05f1a5d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40709620,"asset_id":19579233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40709620/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39942157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CWykoff">Charles Wykoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39942157" type="text/json">{"id":39942157,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Wykoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CWykoff","display_name":"Charles Wykoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CWykoff?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39942157/10949284/12219537/s65_charles.wykoff.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19579233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19579233"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19579233, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19579233", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19579233]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19579233").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19579233").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19579233"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3701" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA">RNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3701" type="text/json">{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23323" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors">Transcription Factors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23323" type="text/json">{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19579233]'), work: {"id":19579233,"title":"Hypoxia-inducible Expression of Tumor-associated Carbonic Anhydrases","created_at":"2015-12-09T07:47:02.191-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19579233/Hypoxia_inducible_Expression_of_Tumor_associated_Carbonic_Anhydrases?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_19579233","summary":"The transcriptional complex hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has emerged as an important mediator of gene expression patterns in tumors, although the range of responding genes is still incompletely defined. Here we show that the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are tightly regulated by this system. Both CA9 and CA12 were strongly induced by hypoxia in a range of tumor cell lines. In renal carcinoma cells that are defective for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, up-regulation of these CAs is associated with loss of regulation by hypoxia, consistent with the critical function of pVHL in the regulation of HIF-1. Further studies of CA9 defined a HIF-1-dependent hypoxia response element in the minimal promoter and demonstrated that tight regulation by the HIF/ pVHL system was reflected in the pattern of CA IX expression within tumors. Generalized up-regulation of CA IX in VHL-associated renal cell carcinoma contrasted with focal perinecrotic expression in a variety of non-VHL-associated tumors. In comparison with vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA, expression of CA IX demonstrated a similar, although more tightly circumscribed, pattern of expression around regions of necrosis and showed substantial although incomplete overlap with activation of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. These studies define a new class of HIF-1-responsive gene, the activation of which has implications for the understanding of hypoxic tumor metabolism and which may provide endogenous markers for tumor hypoxia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40709620,"asset_id":19579233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39942157,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Wykoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CWykoff","display_name":"Charles Wykoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CWykoff?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39942157/10949284/12219537/s65_charles.wykoff.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=67133"},{"id":37836,"name":"In Situ Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Situ_Hybridization?f_ri=67133"},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":105308,"name":"Renal cell Carcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_cell_Carcinoma?f_ri=67133"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=67133"},{"id":371491,"name":"Carcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carcinoma?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":448603,"name":"Necrosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Necrosis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1186610,"name":"DNA binding proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_binding_proteins?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1796877,"name":"Vascular Endothelial Growth 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology">Skeletal muscle biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4228" type="text/json">{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants">Antioxidants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51711" type="text/json">{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57802" type="text/json">{"id":57802,"name":"Erythropoietin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythropoietin?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/66306423/Mechanisms_of_Gas_exchange_Impairment_in_Idiopathic_Pulmonary_Fibrosis">Mechanisms of Gas-exchange Impairment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To Investigate the mechanisms of pulmonary gas-exchange Impairment In Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to evaluate their potential relationship to the CO diffusing capacity (OLeo), we studied 15 patients with IPF (mean OLeo, 52% of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66306423" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To Investigate the mechanisms of pulmonary gas-exchange Impairment In Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to evaluate their potential relationship to the CO diffusing capacity (OLeo), we studied 15 patients with IPF (mean OLeo, 52% of predicted) at rest (breathing room air and pure O2) and during exercise. We measured pulmonary hemodynamics and respiratory gasexchange variables, and we separated the ventilation-perfusion (VAQ) mismatching and O 2 diffusion limitation components of arterial hypoxemia using the multiple Inert gas elimination technique. At rest VAlQ mismatching was moderate (2 to 4% of cardiac output perfusing poorly or unventilated lung units), and 19% of AaPo 2 was due to O 2 diffusion limitation. During exercise VAlQ mismatch did not worsen but the diffusion component of arterial hypoxemia Increased markedly (40% AaPo 2 , p < 0.005). We observed that those Patients with higher pulmonary vascular tone (more release of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction) showed less pulmonary hypertension during exercise (p < 0.05), less VAlQ mismatching [at rest (p < 0.005) and during exercise (p < 0.0025)], and higher arterial p0 2 during exercise (p = 0.01). We also found that OLeo corrected for alveolar volume (KeO) correlated with the mechanisms of hypoxemia during exercise [VAlQ mismatching (p < 0.025) and O 2 diffusion limitation (p < 0.05)] and with the Increase In pulmonary vascular resistance elicited by exercise (p < 0.005). In conclusion, we showed that the abnormalities of the pulmonary vasculature are key to modulate gas exchange In IPF,especially during exercise. We recommend the routine correction of DLeo for alveolar volume (KeO) In the clinical a_88ment of patients with IPF because the latter seems to be a useful functional Indicator of both the severity of gas-exchange Impairment during exercise and the degree of pulmonary vascular Involvement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66306423" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b70b40122f5f150cb1850b7d345d6b16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77552012,"asset_id":66306423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77552012/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="187841015" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertRodriguez211">Robert Rodriguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="187841015" type="text/json">{"id":187841015,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Rodriguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertRodriguez211","display_name":"Robert Rodriguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertRodriguez211?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66306423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66306423"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66306423, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66306423", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66306423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66306423; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66306423"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66306423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66306423"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66306423; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66306423]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66306423").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66306423").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66306423"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71308" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_fibrosis">Pulmonary fibrosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71308" type="text/json">{"id":71308,"name":"Pulmonary fibrosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_fibrosis?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76238" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air">Air</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="76238" type="text/json">{"id":76238,"name":"Air","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66306423]'), work: {"id":66306423,"title":"Mechanisms of Gas-exchange Impairment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","created_at":"2021-12-28T23:03:10.487-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66306423/Mechanisms_of_Gas_exchange_Impairment_in_Idiopathic_Pulmonary_Fibrosis?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_66306423","summary":"To Investigate the mechanisms of pulmonary gas-exchange Impairment In Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to evaluate their potential relationship to the CO diffusing capacity (OLeo), we studied 15 patients with IPF (mean OLeo, 52% of predicted) at rest (breathing room air and pure O2) and during exercise. We measured pulmonary hemodynamics and respiratory gasexchange variables, and we separated the ventilation-perfusion (VAQ) mismatching and O 2 diffusion limitation components of arterial hypoxemia using the multiple Inert gas elimination technique. At rest VAlQ mismatching was moderate (2 to 4% of cardiac output perfusing poorly or unventilated lung units), and 19% of AaPo 2 was due to O 2 diffusion limitation. During exercise VAlQ mismatch did not worsen but the diffusion component of arterial hypoxemia Increased markedly (40% AaPo 2 , p \u003c 0.005). We observed that those Patients with higher pulmonary vascular tone (more release of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction) showed less pulmonary hypertension during exercise (p \u003c 0.05), less VAlQ mismatching [at rest (p \u003c 0.005) and during exercise (p \u003c 0.0025)], and higher arterial p0 2 during exercise (p = 0.01). We also found that OLeo corrected for alveolar volume (KeO) correlated with the mechanisms of hypoxemia during exercise [VAlQ mismatching (p \u003c 0.025) and O 2 diffusion limitation (p \u003c 0.05)] and with the Increase In pulmonary vascular resistance elicited by exercise (p \u003c 0.005). In conclusion, we showed that the abnormalities of the pulmonary vasculature are key to modulate gas exchange In IPF,especially during exercise. We recommend the routine correction of DLeo for alveolar volume (KeO) In the clinical a_88ment of patients with IPF because the latter seems to be a useful functional Indicator of both the severity of gas-exchange Impairment during exercise and the degree of pulmonary vascular Involvement.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77552012,"asset_id":66306423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":187841015,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Rodriguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertRodriguez211","display_name":"Robert Rodriguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertRodriguez211?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":71308,"name":"Pulmonary fibrosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_fibrosis?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":76238,"name":"Air","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=67133"},{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=67133"},{"id":204388,"name":"Vasoconstriction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vasoconstriction?f_ri=67133"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380006,"name":"Rest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rest?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1778694,"name":"Pulmonary diffusing capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_diffusing_capacity?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1840211,"name":"Pulmonary Gas Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Gas_Exchange?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2226523,"name":"Pulmonary circulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_circulation?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15358857" data-work_id="15358857" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15358857/In_health_and_in_a_normoxic_environment_VO2_max_is_is_not_limited_primarily_by_cardiac_output_and_locomotor_muscle_blood_flow">In health and in a normoxic environment, VO2 max is/is not limited primarily by cardiac output and locomotor muscle blood flow</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">accumulation is an advantage/disadvantage during muscle activity"</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15358857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5bbb48a4213dcb60feb31c15834ab4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43297772,"asset_id":15358857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15358857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15358857"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15358857; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15358857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15358857").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15358857").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15358857"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology">Skeletal muscle biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4228" type="text/json">{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide">Carbon Dioxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4594" type="text/json">{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15358857]'), work: {"id":15358857,"title":"In health and in a normoxic environment, VO2 max is/is not limited primarily by cardiac output and locomotor muscle blood flow","created_at":"2015-09-03T01:57:04.172-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15358857/In_health_and_in_a_normoxic_environment_VO2_max_is_is_not_limited_primarily_by_cardiac_output_and_locomotor_muscle_blood_flow?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_15358857","summary":"accumulation is an advantage/disadvantage during muscle activity\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43297772,"asset_id":15358857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34497673,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Hardeman","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"MaxHardeman","display_name":"Max Hardeman","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/MaxHardeman?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=67133"},{"id":96502,"name":"Applied","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied?f_ri=67133"},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=67133"},{"id":162147,"name":"Applied Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Physiology?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":389277,"name":"Blood Viscosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Viscosity?f_ri=67133"},{"id":426578,"name":"Cardiac Output Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiac_Output_Monitoring?f_ri=67133"},{"id":426588,"name":"Blood Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Flow?f_ri=67133"},{"id":490253,"name":"Muscle Fatigue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscle_Fatigue?f_ri=67133"},{"id":579477,"name":"Baroreflex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baroreflex?f_ri=67133"},{"id":604178,"name":"Erythrocyte Deformability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocyte_Deformability?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1144172,"name":"*Physical Exertion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Physical_Exertion?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1969879,"name":"Vascular Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_Resistance?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16403076" data-work_id="16403076" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16403076/The_possible_role_of_adrenomedullin_in_adaption_to_high_altitude">The possible role of adrenomedullin in adaption to high altitude</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The possible role of adrenomedullin in adaption to high altitude Summary. Diuresis and natriuresis are well-known responses to acute hypoxic exposure. Even though there have been many studies on the hormonal regulation of the hypoxic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16403076" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The possible role of adrenomedullin in adaption to high altitude Summary. Diuresis and natriuresis are well-known responses to acute hypoxic exposure. Even though there have been many studies on the hormonal regulation of the hypoxic diuretic response (HDR), most of the fluid-regulating hormones showed no consistent correlation to HDR. The pathophysiology of high altitude related syndromes was often seen to be linked to an impairment of volume regulating processes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16403076" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b715bb5b03866f64e6099b4aa5bf7e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42499842,"asset_id":16403076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42499842/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35542078" href="https://meduni-graz.academia.edu/HelmutHinghoferszalkay">Helmut Hinghofer-szalkay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35542078" type="text/json">{"id":35542078,"first_name":"Helmut","last_name":"Hinghofer-szalkay","domain_name":"meduni-graz","page_name":"HelmutHinghoferszalkay","display_name":"Helmut Hinghofer-szalkay","profile_url":"https://meduni-graz.academia.edu/HelmutHinghoferszalkay?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16403076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16403076"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16403076, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16403076", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16403076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16403076").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16403076").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16403076"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71294" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney">Kidney</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71294" type="text/json">{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides">Peptides</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="151086" type="text/json">{"id":151086,"name":"Peptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors">Risk factors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="192721" type="text/json">{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16403076]'), work: {"id":16403076,"title":"The possible role of adrenomedullin in adaption to high altitude","created_at":"2015-10-02T07:19:05.860-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16403076/The_possible_role_of_adrenomedullin_in_adaption_to_high_altitude?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_16403076","summary":"The possible role of adrenomedullin in adaption to high altitude Summary. Diuresis and natriuresis are well-known responses to acute hypoxic exposure. Even though there have been many studies on the hormonal regulation of the hypoxic diuretic response (HDR), most of the fluid-regulating hormones showed no consistent correlation to HDR. The pathophysiology of high altitude related syndromes was often seen to be linked to an impairment of volume regulating processes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42499842,"asset_id":16403076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35542078,"first_name":"Helmut","last_name":"Hinghofer-szalkay","domain_name":"meduni-graz","page_name":"HelmutHinghoferszalkay","display_name":"Helmut Hinghofer-szalkay","profile_url":"https://meduni-graz.academia.edu/HelmutHinghoferszalkay?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":151086,"name":"Peptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":380823,"name":"Altitude Sickness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude_Sickness?f_ri=67133"},{"id":453528,"name":"Acclimatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acclimatization?f_ri=67133"},{"id":559242,"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_Diseases?f_ri=67133"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=67133"},{"id":871402,"name":"High Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1001099,"name":"Diuresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diuresis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2279154,"name":"Adrenomedullin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adrenomedullin?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18975721" data-work_id="18975721" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18975721/Hypoxia_and_cardiac_arrhythmias_in_breath_hold_divers_during_voluntary_immersed_breath_holds">Hypoxia and cardiac arrhythmias in breath-hold divers during voluntary immersed breath-holds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The incidence and nature of cardiac arrhythmias during static apnea were studied by monitoring the electrocardiogram (ECG) and oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) of 16 recreational breath-hold divers. All subjects completed a maximal apnea with a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18975721" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The incidence and nature of cardiac arrhythmias during static apnea were studied by monitoring the electrocardiogram (ECG) and oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) of 16 recreational breath-hold divers. All subjects completed a maximal apnea with a mean ( §SD) breath-hold duration of 281 ( §73) s without clinical complications. Both heart rate (HR) and SaO 2 decreased signiWcantly with breath-hold duration. The decline in SaO 2 was inversely related to the decline in HR (r = ¡0.55, P < 0.05). Cardiac arrhythmias (supraventricular and ventricular premature complexes, right bundle branch block) occurred in 12/16 (77%) subjects and were related to breath-hold duration. Subjects with atrial premature complexes (n = 9) had a reduced BMI (P = 0.016) and a higher decline of the terminal SaO 2 (P = 0.01). In conclusion, ectopic arrhythmias were common during maximal static apneas for training purposes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18975721" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87e6504677f4f9d6e88d08799be91d37" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40361677,"asset_id":18975721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40361677/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39121532" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClausmartinMuth">Claus-martin Muth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39121532" type="text/json">{"id":39121532,"first_name":"Claus-martin","last_name":"Muth","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClausmartinMuth","display_name":"Claus-martin Muth","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClausmartinMuth?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18975721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18975721"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18975721, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18975721", }); 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All subjects completed a maximal apnea with a mean ( §SD) breath-hold duration of 281 ( §73) s without clinical complications. Both heart rate (HR) and SaO 2 decreased signiWcantly with breath-hold duration. The decline in SaO 2 was inversely related to the decline in HR (r = ¡0.55, P \u003c 0.05). Cardiac arrhythmias (supraventricular and ventricular premature complexes, right bundle branch block) occurred in 12/16 (77%) subjects and were related to breath-hold duration. Subjects with atrial premature complexes (n = 9) had a reduced BMI (P = 0.016) and a higher decline of the terminal SaO 2 (P = 0.01). In conclusion, ectopic arrhythmias were common during maximal static apneas for training purposes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40361677,"asset_id":18975721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39121532,"first_name":"Claus-martin","last_name":"Muth","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClausmartinMuth","display_name":"Claus-martin Muth","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClausmartinMuth?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":49011,"name":"Diving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diving?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=67133"},{"id":323090,"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiac_Arrhythmias?f_ri=67133"},{"id":347511,"name":"Electrocardiogram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiogram?f_ri=67133"},{"id":393958,"name":"Respiratory System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_System?f_ri=67133"},{"id":746681,"name":"Arrhythmia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arrhythmia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1558342,"name":"Oxygen saturation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_saturation?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59511783" data-work_id="59511783" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/59511783/Thomas_the_Tank_Engine_significantly_improves_the_understanding_of_oxygen_delivery_and_hypoxaemia">Thomas the Tank Engine significantly improves the understanding of oxygen delivery and hypoxaemia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59511783" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59511783" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="74a8c0e648337f06b630254cbb508c58" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73396845,"asset_id":59511783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73396845/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41922037" rel="nofollow" href="https://newcastle.academia.edu/JCosgrove">J. 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Cosgrove","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/JCosgrove?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50378763" data-work_id="50378763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50378763/Acetyl_l_carnitine_ALCAR_prevents_hypobaric_hypoxia_induced_spatial_memory_impairment_through_extracellular_related_kinase_mediated_nuclear_factor_erythroid_2_related_factor_2_phosphorylation">Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) prevents hypobaric hypoxia–induced spatial memory impairment through extracellular related kinase–mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 phosphorylation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, a condition involving decreased availability of oxygen is known to be associated with oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and memory impairment. The multifactorial response of the brain and the complex... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50378763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, a condition involving decreased availability of oxygen is known to be associated with oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and memory impairment. The multifactorial response of the brain and the complex signaling pathways involved therewith limits the therapeutic efficacy of several antioxidants in ameliorating hypobaric hypoxia-induced memory impairment. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating the potential of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), a known antioxidant that has been reported to augment neurotrophin-mediated survival mechanisms, in ameliorating hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor involved in the cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress related to brain injury and neurological disorders. The study was designed to understand the mechanisms involving Nrf2 stabilization following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The results displayed reference memory impairment in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (7620 m) for 14 consecutive days which however improved on administration of ALCAR during hypoxic exposure. The study also revealed Nrf2 regulated augmented antioxidant response on administration of ALCAR which was through a novel tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor-mediated mechanism. A decrease in free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation was also observed along with a concomitant increase in thioredoxin and reduced glutathione levels on administration of ALCAR during exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The present study therefore reveals the therapeutic potential of ALCAR under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia and elucidates a novel mechanism of action of the drug.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50378763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="152a952f0c89f7044ca7bb9c77d3f4b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68391296,"asset_id":50378763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68391296/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3948933" href="https://independent.academia.edu/diptiprasad">dipti prasad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3948933" type="text/json">{"id":3948933,"first_name":"dipti","last_name":"prasad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"diptiprasad","display_name":"dipti prasad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/diptiprasad?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50378763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50378763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50378763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50378763", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50378763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50378763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50378763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50378763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia">Hypoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10990" type="text/json">{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44022" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radical">Free Radical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44022" type="text/json">{"id":44022,"name":"Free Radical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radical?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46858" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory">Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46858" type="text/json">{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants">Antioxidants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51711" type="text/json">{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50378763]'), work: {"id":50378763,"title":"Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) prevents hypobaric hypoxia–induced spatial memory impairment through extracellular related kinase–mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 phosphorylation","created_at":"2021-07-30T04:32:10.865-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50378763/Acetyl_l_carnitine_ALCAR_prevents_hypobaric_hypoxia_induced_spatial_memory_impairment_through_extracellular_related_kinase_mediated_nuclear_factor_erythroid_2_related_factor_2_phosphorylation?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_50378763","summary":"Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, a condition involving decreased availability of oxygen is known to be associated with oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and memory impairment. The multifactorial response of the brain and the complex signaling pathways involved therewith limits the therapeutic efficacy of several antioxidants in ameliorating hypobaric hypoxia-induced memory impairment. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating the potential of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), a known antioxidant that has been reported to augment neurotrophin-mediated survival mechanisms, in ameliorating hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor involved in the cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress related to brain injury and neurological disorders. The study was designed to understand the mechanisms involving Nrf2 stabilization following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The results displayed reference memory impairment in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (7620 m) for 14 consecutive days which however improved on administration of ALCAR during hypoxic exposure. The study also revealed Nrf2 regulated augmented antioxidant response on administration of ALCAR which was through a novel tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor-mediated mechanism. A decrease in free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation was also observed along with a concomitant increase in thioredoxin and reduced glutathione levels on administration of ALCAR during exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The present study therefore reveals the therapeutic potential of ALCAR under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia and elucidates a novel mechanism of action of the drug.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68391296,"asset_id":50378763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3948933,"first_name":"dipti","last_name":"prasad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"diptiprasad","display_name":"dipti prasad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/diptiprasad?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":44022,"name":"Free Radical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radical?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=67133"},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=67133"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=67133"},{"id":207421,"name":"Brain injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_injury?f_ri=67133"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":595079,"name":"MAPK","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MAPK?f_ri=67133"},{"id":605987,"name":"Gr","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gr?f_ri=67133"},{"id":725615,"name":"Mechanism of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanism_of_action?f_ri=67133"},{"id":951344,"name":"Growth Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Factor?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1169505,"name":"Maze Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maze_Learning?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1274621,"name":"Extracellular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1281442,"name":"Extracellular Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular_Space?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1485762,"name":"HIF","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIF?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50132231" data-work_id="50132231" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50132231/Hypoxia_in_the_central_nervous_system">Hypoxia in the central nervous system</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The brain, as a very high energy consumer, is completely reliant on molecular oxygen but because oxygen is dangerous due to toxicity [1], there are mechanisms which allow the brain to exist under low oxygen conditions when... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50132231" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The brain, as a very high energy consumer, is completely reliant on molecular oxygen but because oxygen is dangerous due to toxicity [1], there are mechanisms which allow the brain to exist under low oxygen conditions when &#39;idling&#39; but increase oxygen delivery when activated. This situation means that the brain can respond naturally to mild hypoxia with acute and chronic adaptive mechanisms. These mechanisms involve systemic and central metabolic and vascular processes that are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. HIF-1-mediated cerebral angiogenesis is completed within 3 weeks of exposure onset and is reversible over the same time frame if normoxia is restored. Hypoxic acclimatizing responses may be significantly impaired with aging and metabolic or vascular disease.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50132231" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ab474734e2c41cdfea216c88e10ef71" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68232439,"asset_id":50132231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68232439/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32868221" href="https://case.academia.edu/JosephLamanna">Joseph C LaManna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32868221" type="text/json">{"id":32868221,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"LaManna","domain_name":"case","page_name":"JosephLamanna","display_name":"Joseph C LaManna","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/JosephLamanna?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50132231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50132231"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50132231, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50132231", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50132231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50132231; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50132231"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50132231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50132231"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50132231; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50132231]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50132231").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50132231").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50132231"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice">Mice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84760" type="text/json">{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50132231]'), work: {"id":50132231,"title":"Hypoxia in the central nervous system","created_at":"2021-07-21T08:28:55.908-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50132231/Hypoxia_in_the_central_nervous_system?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_50132231","summary":"The brain, as a very high energy consumer, is completely reliant on molecular oxygen but because oxygen is dangerous due to toxicity [1], there are mechanisms which allow the brain to exist under low oxygen conditions when \u0026#39;idling\u0026#39; but increase oxygen delivery when activated. This situation means that the brain can respond naturally to mild hypoxia with acute and chronic adaptive mechanisms. These mechanisms involve systemic and central metabolic and vascular processes that are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. HIF-1-mediated cerebral angiogenesis is completed within 3 weeks of exposure onset and is reversible over the same time frame if normoxia is restored. Hypoxic acclimatizing responses may be significantly impaired with aging and metabolic or vascular disease.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68232439,"asset_id":50132231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32868221,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"LaManna","domain_name":"case","page_name":"JosephLamanna","display_name":"Joseph C LaManna","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/JosephLamanna?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=67133"},{"id":291038,"name":"Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pressure?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=67133"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14319679" data-work_id="14319679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14319679/Reactive_oxygen_species_production_in_the_early_and_later_stage_of_chronic_ventilatory_hypoxia">Reactive oxygen species production in the early and later stage of chronic ventilatory hypoxia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pulmonary hypertension resulting from chronic hypoxia is at least partly caused by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The goal of the presented study was to investigate the dynamics and the site of production of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14319679" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pulmonary hypertension resulting from chronic hypoxia is at least partly caused by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The goal of the presented study was to investigate the dynamics and the site of production of ROS during chronic hypoxia. In our study Wistar rats were kept for 1, 4 and 21 days in an isobaric hypoxic chamber (F(iO2)=0.1), while controls stayed in normoxia. We compared NO production in expired air, plasma and perfusate drained from isolated rat lungs and measured superoxide concentration in the perfusate. We also detected the presence of superoxide products (hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite) and the level of ROS-induced damage expressed as the concentration of lipid peroxydation end products. We found that the production and release of ROS and NO during early phase of chronic hypoxia has specific timing and differs in various compartments, suggesting the crucial role of ROS interaction for development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14319679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c7c414c6097b4bd8582c0ba9edea57b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44323677,"asset_id":14319679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44323677/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33273328" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HMaxov%C3%A1">H. Maxová</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33273328" type="text/json">{"id":33273328,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Maxová","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HMaxová","display_name":"H. Maxová","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HMaxov%C3%A1?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14319679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14319679"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14319679, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14319679", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14319679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14319679; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14319679"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14319679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14319679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14319679; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14319679]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14319679").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14319679").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14319679"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31958" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Hypertension">Pulmonary Hypertension</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31958" type="text/json">{"id":31958,"name":"Pulmonary Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Hypertension?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species">Reactive Oxygen Species</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82978" type="text/json">{"id":82978,"name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide">Nitric oxide</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="93922" type="text/json">{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14319679]'), work: {"id":14319679,"title":"Reactive oxygen species production in the early and later stage of chronic ventilatory hypoxia","created_at":"2015-07-22T23:36:06.116-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14319679/Reactive_oxygen_species_production_in_the_early_and_later_stage_of_chronic_ventilatory_hypoxia?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_14319679","summary":"Pulmonary hypertension resulting from chronic hypoxia is at least partly caused by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The goal of the presented study was to investigate the dynamics and the site of production of ROS during chronic hypoxia. In our study Wistar rats were kept for 1, 4 and 21 days in an isobaric hypoxic chamber (F(iO2)=0.1), while controls stayed in normoxia. We compared NO production in expired air, plasma and perfusate drained from isolated rat lungs and measured superoxide concentration in the perfusate. We also detected the presence of superoxide products (hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite) and the level of ROS-induced damage expressed as the concentration of lipid peroxydation end products. We found that the production and release of ROS and NO during early phase of chronic hypoxia has specific timing and differs in various compartments, suggesting the crucial role of ROS interaction for development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44323677,"asset_id":14319679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33273328,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Maxová","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HMaxová","display_name":"H. Maxová","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HMaxov%C3%A1?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":31958,"name":"Pulmonary Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Hypertension?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":82978,"name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=67133"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=67133"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=67133"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2369445,"name":"Pulmonary Artery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Artery?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14733231 coauthored" data-work_id="14733231" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14733231/Metabolic_recovery_in_goldfish_A_comparison_of_recovery_from_severe_hypoxia_exposure_and_exhaustive_exercise">Metabolic recovery in goldfish: A comparison of recovery from severe hypoxia exposure and exhaustive exercise</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Severe hypoxia exposure and exhaustive exercise in goldfish both elicit a strong activation of substrate-level phosphorylation with the majority of the metabolic perturbations occurring in the white muscle. Approximately half of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14733231" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Severe hypoxia exposure and exhaustive exercise in goldfish both elicit a strong activation of substrate-level phosphorylation with the majority of the metabolic perturbations occurring in the white muscle. Approximately half of the muscle glycogen breakdown observed during severe hypoxia exposure was accounted for by ethanol production and loss to the environment, which limited the extent of muscle glycogen recovery when animals were returned to normoxic conditions. Ethanol production in goldfish is not solely a response to anoxia/hypoxia exposure however, as a transient increase in ethanol production was observed during the early stages of recovery from exhaustive exercise. These data suggest that ethanol production is a ubiquitous "anaerobic" end product, which accumulates whenever metabolic demands exceed mitochondrial oxidative potential. Exhaustive exercise and hypoxia exposure both caused a 7 to 8 μmol g − 1 wet mass increase in muscle [lactate] and the rates of recovery following these perturbations were similar. The rates of muscle PCr and pHi recovery after hypoxia exposure and exhaustive exercise were similar with levels returning to controls values within 0.5 h. Surprisingly, liver [glycogen] was not depleted during exposure to severe hypoxia, however, during recovery from both hypoxia and exercise dramatically different responses in liver [glycogen] were noted. During the early stages of recovery, liver [glycogen] transiently increased to high levels after exhaustive exercise, while during recovery from hypoxia there was a transient decrease in liver glycogen over the same time frame. Overall, this points to the liver playing a dramatically different role in facilitating recovery from exercise compared with hypoxia exposure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14733231" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa8e6b82a1b14378f6bc94d87a17af72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43934138,"asset_id":14733231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43934138/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33695474" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MandicM">Milica Mandic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33695474" type="text/json">{"id":33695474,"first_name":"Milica","last_name":"Mandic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MandicM","display_name":"Milica Mandic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MandicM?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14733231">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14733231"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ubc.academia.edu/GigiLau">Gigi Lau</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14733231'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14733231').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14733231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14733231"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14733231; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14733231]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14733231").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14733231").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14733231"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology">Skeletal muscle biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4228" type="text/json">{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36213" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism">Energy Metabolism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36213" type="text/json">{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14733231]'), work: {"id":14733231,"title":"Metabolic recovery in goldfish: A comparison of recovery from severe hypoxia exposure and exhaustive exercise","created_at":"2015-08-07T01:48:55.978-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14733231/Metabolic_recovery_in_goldfish_A_comparison_of_recovery_from_severe_hypoxia_exposure_and_exhaustive_exercise?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_14733231","summary":"Severe hypoxia exposure and exhaustive exercise in goldfish both elicit a strong activation of substrate-level phosphorylation with the majority of the metabolic perturbations occurring in the white muscle. Approximately half of the muscle glycogen breakdown observed during severe hypoxia exposure was accounted for by ethanol production and loss to the environment, which limited the extent of muscle glycogen recovery when animals were returned to normoxic conditions. Ethanol production in goldfish is not solely a response to anoxia/hypoxia exposure however, as a transient increase in ethanol production was observed during the early stages of recovery from exhaustive exercise. These data suggest that ethanol production is a ubiquitous \"anaerobic\" end product, which accumulates whenever metabolic demands exceed mitochondrial oxidative potential. Exhaustive exercise and hypoxia exposure both caused a 7 to 8 μmol g − 1 wet mass increase in muscle [lactate] and the rates of recovery following these perturbations were similar. The rates of muscle PCr and pHi recovery after hypoxia exposure and exhaustive exercise were similar with levels returning to controls values within 0.5 h. Surprisingly, liver [glycogen] was not depleted during exposure to severe hypoxia, however, during recovery from both hypoxia and exercise dramatically different responses in liver [glycogen] were noted. During the early stages of recovery, liver [glycogen] transiently increased to high levels after exhaustive exercise, while during recovery from hypoxia there was a transient decrease in liver glycogen over the same time frame. Overall, this points to the liver playing a dramatically different role in facilitating recovery from exercise compared with hypoxia exposure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43934138,"asset_id":14733231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33695474,"first_name":"Milica","last_name":"Mandic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MandicM","display_name":"Milica Mandic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MandicM?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33734170,"first_name":"Gigi","last_name":"Lau","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"GigiLau","display_name":"Gigi Lau","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/GigiLau?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=67133"},{"id":91491,"name":"Comparative Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Biochemistry?f_ri=67133"},{"id":121414,"name":"Ethanol Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol_Production?f_ri=67133"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=67133"},{"id":302497,"name":"Goldfish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goldfish?f_ri=67133"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1144172,"name":"*Physical Exertion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Physical_Exertion?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1232429,"name":"Glycogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycogen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1391516,"name":"Carassius Auratus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carassius_Auratus?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1816594,"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenosine_Triphosphate?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2285363,"name":"Phosphocreatine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphocreatine?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62265733" data-work_id="62265733" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62265733/Cholesterol_depletion_inhibits_electrophysiological_changes_induced_by_anoxia_in_CA1_region_of_rat_hippocampal_slices">Cholesterol depletion inhibits electrophysiological changes induced by anoxia in CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The hyper-activation of glutamate receptors is a key event in the degenerative processes triggered by ischemia in the brain. Several types of these receptors reside in cholesterolsphingomyelin rich domains of post-synaptic plasma... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62265733" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The hyper-activation of glutamate receptors is a key event in the degenerative processes triggered by ischemia in the brain. Several types of these receptors reside in cholesterolsphingomyelin rich domains of post-synaptic plasma membranes and have been described to be sensitive to cholesterol depletion. Hence we investigated, by extracellular recordings, the effect of cholesterol depletion on population spikes (PS) during ischemia-like conditions in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices using the cholesterol-depleting agent methylbeta-cyclodextrin (MβCD). Results obtained demonstrate that MβCD prevents the changes induced by anoxic insult, i.e., depression of the population spike amplitude and insurgence of ischemic long-term potentiation. Furthermore cholesterol depletion prevents the disappearance of population spike induced by anoxia/aglycemia during kainate perfusion. Our data suggest a possible role of MβCD in preventing the pathological changes in synaptic activity induced by ischemia and indicate that manipulation of lipid components of membrane rafts might provide a new approach for the treatment of ischemia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62265733" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7879a2397f224934e7120aebc4f7cca4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75088305,"asset_id":62265733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75088305/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36210763" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DArcangeloGiovanna">Giovanna D'Arcangelo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36210763" type="text/json">{"id":36210763,"first_name":"Giovanna","last_name":"D'Arcangelo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DArcangeloGiovanna","display_name":"Giovanna D'Arcangelo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DArcangeloGiovanna?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62265733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62265733"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62265733, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62265733", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62265733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62265733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62265733"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62265733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62265733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62265733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62265733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62265733").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62265733").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62265733"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2007" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology">Electrophysiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2007" type="text/json">{"id":2007,"name":"Electrophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Potentiation">Long Term Potentiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4247" type="text/json">{"id":4247,"name":"Long Term Potentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Potentiation?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57556" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus">Hippocampus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57556" type="text/json">{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62265733]'), work: {"id":62265733,"title":"Cholesterol depletion inhibits electrophysiological changes induced by anoxia in CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices","created_at":"2021-11-24T05:21:09.465-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62265733/Cholesterol_depletion_inhibits_electrophysiological_changes_induced_by_anoxia_in_CA1_region_of_rat_hippocampal_slices?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_62265733","summary":"The hyper-activation of glutamate receptors is a key event in the degenerative processes triggered by ischemia in the brain. Several types of these receptors reside in cholesterolsphingomyelin rich domains of post-synaptic plasma membranes and have been described to be sensitive to cholesterol depletion. Hence we investigated, by extracellular recordings, the effect of cholesterol depletion on population spikes (PS) during ischemia-like conditions in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices using the cholesterol-depleting agent methylbeta-cyclodextrin (MβCD). Results obtained demonstrate that MβCD prevents the changes induced by anoxic insult, i.e., depression of the population spike amplitude and insurgence of ischemic long-term potentiation. Furthermore cholesterol depletion prevents the disappearance of population spike induced by anoxia/aglycemia during kainate perfusion. Our data suggest a possible role of MβCD in preventing the pathological changes in synaptic activity induced by ischemia and indicate that manipulation of lipid components of membrane rafts might provide a new approach for the treatment of ischemia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75088305,"asset_id":62265733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36210763,"first_name":"Giovanna","last_name":"D'Arcangelo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DArcangeloGiovanna","display_name":"Giovanna D'Arcangelo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DArcangeloGiovanna?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":2007,"name":"Electrophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":4247,"name":"Long Term Potentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Potentiation?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=67133"},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":71289,"name":"Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose?f_ri=67133"},{"id":90514,"name":"Cholesterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cholesterol?f_ri=67133"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=67133"},{"id":275657,"name":"Lipid Raft","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_Raft?f_ri=67133"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=67133"},{"id":473566,"name":"LTP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LTP?f_ri=67133"},{"id":955727,"name":"Action Potentials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Potentials?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2012816,"name":"Glutamate Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamate_Receptor?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2367569,"name":"Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excitatory_Postsynaptic_Potentials?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2555829,"name":"Kainic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kainic_acid?f_ri=67133"},{"id":3140982,"name":"extracellular recording","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/extracellular_recording?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7195280" data-work_id="7195280" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7195280/Profiles_in_Patient_Safety_When_an_Error_Occurs">Profiles in Patient Safety: When an Error Occurs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Medical error is now clearly established as one of the most significant problems facing the American health care system. Anecdotal evidence, studies of human cognition, and analysis of high-reliability organizations all predict that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7195280" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Medical error is now clearly established as one of the most significant problems facing the American health care system. Anecdotal evidence, studies of human cognition, and analysis of high-reliability organizations all predict that despite excellent training, human error is unavoidable. When an error occurs and is recognized, providers have a duty to disclose the error. Yet disclosure of error to patients, families, and hospital colleagues is a difficult and/or threatening process for most physicians. A more thorough understanding of the ethical and social contract between physicians and their patients as well as the professional milieu surrounding an error may improve the likelihood of its disclosure. Key among these is the identification of institutional factors that support disclosure and recognize error as an unavoidable part of the practice of medicine. Using a case-based format, this article focuses on the communication of error with patients, families, and colleagues and grounds error disclosure in the cultural milieu of medial ethics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7195280" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15987b5e5d171b63b0f724ff9c7918d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48567090,"asset_id":7195280,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48567090/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12473325" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/cherrihobgood">cherri hobgood</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12473325" type="text/json">{"id":12473325,"first_name":"cherri","last_name":"hobgood","domain_name":"indiana","page_name":"cherrihobgood","display_name":"cherri hobgood","profile_url":"https://indiana.academia.edu/cherrihobgood?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7195280 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7195280"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7195280, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7195280", }); 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Anecdotal evidence, studies of human cognition, and analysis of high-reliability organizations all predict that despite excellent training, human error is unavoidable. When an error occurs and is recognized, providers have a duty to disclose the error. Yet disclosure of error to patients, families, and hospital colleagues is a difficult and/or threatening process for most physicians. A more thorough understanding of the ethical and social contract between physicians and their patients as well as the professional milieu surrounding an error may improve the likelihood of its disclosure. Key among these is the identification of institutional factors that support disclosure and recognize error as an unavoidable part of the practice of medicine. Using a case-based format, this article focuses on the communication of error with patients, families, and colleagues and grounds error disclosure in the cultural milieu of medial ethics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48567090,"asset_id":7195280,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12473325,"first_name":"cherri","last_name":"hobgood","domain_name":"indiana","page_name":"cherrihobgood","display_name":"cherri hobgood","profile_url":"https://indiana.academia.edu/cherrihobgood?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":607,"name":"Emergency Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Medicine?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":3286,"name":"Patient Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Safety?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":83838,"name":"Amines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amines?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=67133"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=67133"},{"id":615484,"name":"Hypotension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypotension?f_ri=67133"},{"id":912835,"name":"Phenytoin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenytoin?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1261825,"name":"Medication Errors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medication_Errors?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1619808,"name":"Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gamma-Aminobutyric_Acid?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27175233 coauthored" data-work_id="27175233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27175233/Effects_of_an_alveolar_recruitment_maneuver_on_cardiovascular_and_respiratory_parameters_during_total_intravenous_anesthesia_in_ponies">Effects of an alveolar recruitment maneuver on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters during total intravenous anesthesia in ponies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective-To evaluate pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of a recruitment maneuver (RM) combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during total intravenous anesthesia in ponies. Animals-6 healthy adult Shetland ponies.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27175233" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective-To evaluate pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of a recruitment maneuver (RM) combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during total intravenous anesthesia in ponies. Animals-6 healthy adult Shetland ponies. Procedure-After premedication with detomidine (10 µg/kg, IV), anesthesia was induced with climazolam (0.06 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with a constant rate infusion of detomidine (0.024 mg/kg/h), climazolam (0.036 mg/kg/h), and ketamine (2.4 mg/kg/h). The RM was preceded by an incremental PEEP titration and followed by a decremental PEEP titration, both at a constant airway pressure difference (∆P) of 20 cm H 2 O. The RM consisted of a stepwise increase in ∆P by 25, 30, and 35 cm H 2 O obtained by increasing peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) to 45, 50, and 55 cm H 2 O, while maintaining PEEP at 20 cm H 2 O. Hemodynamic and pulmonary variables were analyzed at every step of the PEEP titration-RM. Results-During the PEEP titration-RM, there was a significant increase in PaO 2 (+12%), dynamic compliance (+ 62%), and heart rate (+17%) and a decrease in shunt (-19%) and mean arterial blood pressure (-21%) was recorded. Cardiac output remained stable. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Although baseline oxygenation was high, PaO 2 and dynamic compliance further increased during the RM. Despite the use of high PIP and PEEP and a high tidal volume, limited cardiovascular compromise was detected. A PEEP titration-RM may be used to improve oxygenation in anesthetized ponies. During stable hemodynamic conditions, PEEP titration-RM can be performed with acceptable adverse cardiovascular effects. (Am J Vet Res 2006;67:152-159)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27175233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7abf520ec5c754ed903db81aadf65f36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47425099,"asset_id":27175233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47425099/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51247162" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YvesMoens">Yves Moens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51247162" type="text/json">{"id":51247162,"first_name":"Yves","last_name":"Moens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YvesMoens","display_name":"Yves Moens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YvesMoens?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27175233">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27175233"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/B%C3%B6hmStephan">Stephan Böhm</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27175233'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27175233').html(); 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Animals-6 healthy adult Shetland ponies. Procedure-After premedication with detomidine (10 µg/kg, IV), anesthesia was induced with climazolam (0.06 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with a constant rate infusion of detomidine (0.024 mg/kg/h), climazolam (0.036 mg/kg/h), and ketamine (2.4 mg/kg/h). The RM was preceded by an incremental PEEP titration and followed by a decremental PEEP titration, both at a constant airway pressure difference (∆P) of 20 cm H 2 O. The RM consisted of a stepwise increase in ∆P by 25, 30, and 35 cm H 2 O obtained by increasing peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) to 45, 50, and 55 cm H 2 O, while maintaining PEEP at 20 cm H 2 O. Hemodynamic and pulmonary variables were analyzed at every step of the PEEP titration-RM. Results-During the PEEP titration-RM, there was a significant increase in PaO 2 (+12%), dynamic compliance (+ 62%), and heart rate (+17%) and a decrease in shunt (-19%) and mean arterial blood pressure (-21%) was recorded. Cardiac output remained stable. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Although baseline oxygenation was high, PaO 2 and dynamic compliance further increased during the RM. Despite the use of high PIP and PEEP and a high tidal volume, limited cardiovascular compromise was detected. A PEEP titration-RM may be used to improve oxygenation in anesthetized ponies. During stable hemodynamic conditions, PEEP titration-RM can be performed with acceptable adverse cardiovascular effects. (Am J Vet Res 2006;67:152-159)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47425099,"asset_id":27175233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51247162,"first_name":"Yves","last_name":"Moens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YvesMoens","display_name":"Yves Moens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YvesMoens?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":51295303,"first_name":"Stephan","last_name":"Böhm","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BöhmStephan","display_name":"Stephan Böhm","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/B%C3%B6hmStephan?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78684" type="text/json">{"id":78684,"name":"High Altitude Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Altitude_Medicine?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78685" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mountaineering">Mountaineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78685" type="text/json">{"id":78685,"name":"Mountaineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mountaineering?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="186234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology">Medical Physiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="186234" type="text/json">{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20259093]'), work: {"id":20259093,"title":"Altitude Preexposure Recommendations for Inducing Acclimatization","created_at":"2016-01-14T05:43:18.324-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20259093/Altitude_Preexposure_Recommendations_for_Inducing_Acclimatization?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_20259093","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41247343,"asset_id":20259093,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41471552,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Muza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenMuza","display_name":"Stephen Muza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenMuza?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":78684,"name":"High Altitude Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Altitude_Medicine?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":78685,"name":"Mountaineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mountaineering?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":380823,"name":"Altitude Sickness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude_Sickness?f_ri=67133"},{"id":453528,"name":"Acclimatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acclimatization?f_ri=67133"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58119292" data-work_id="58119292" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58119292/Gene_regulation_under_low_oxygen_holding_your_breath_for_transcription">Gene regulation under low oxygen: holding your breath for transcription</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58119292" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="305c17c7702034998594995334e4e40c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72686241,"asset_id":58119292,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72686241/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51182548" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors">Transcription Factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23323" type="text/json">{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" 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Rocha","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SoniaRocha12?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4338,"name":"Gene regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_regulation?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":238813,"name":"Chromatin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatin?f_ri=67133"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=67133"},{"id":295854,"name":"microRNAs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/microRNAs?f_ri=67133"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2754174,"name":"Hypoxia inducible factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia_inducible_factor?f_ri=67133"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13801746" data-work_id="13801746" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13801746/The_Genetic_Architecture_of_Adaptations_to_High_Altitude_in_Ethiopia">The Genetic Architecture of Adaptations to High Altitude in Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although hypoxia is a major stress on physiological processes, several human populations have survived for millennia at high altitudes, suggesting that they have adapted to hypoxic conditions. This hypothesis was recently corroborated by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13801746" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although hypoxia is a major stress on physiological processes, several human populations have survived for millennia at high altitudes, suggesting that they have adapted to hypoxic conditions. This hypothesis was recently corroborated by studies of Tibetan highlanders, which showed that polymorphisms in candidate genes show signatures of natural selection as well as well-replicated association signals for variation in hemoglobin levels. We extended genomic analysis to two Ethiopian ethnic groups: Amhara and Oromo. For each ethnic group, we sampled low and high altitude residents, thus allowing genetic and phenotypic comparisons across altitudes and across ethnic groups. Genome-wide SNP genotype data were collected in these samples by using Illumina arrays. We find that variants associated with hemoglobin variation among Tibetans or other variants at the same loci do not influence the trait in Ethiopians. However, in the Amhara, SNP rs10803083 is associated with hemoglobin levels at genome-wide levels of significance. No significant genotype association was observed for oxygen saturation levels in either ethnic group. Approaches based on allele frequency divergence did not detect outliers in candidate hypoxia genes, but the most differentiated variants between high-and lowlanders have a clear role in pathogen defense. Interestingly, a significant excess of allele frequency divergence was consistently detected for genes involved in cell cycle control and DNA damage and repair, thus pointing to new pathways for high altitude adaptations. Finally, a comparison of CpG methylation levels between high-and lowlanders found several significant signals at individual genes in the Oromo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13801746" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ee9c43e197f4a4612c526e610a33039" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44934681,"asset_id":13801746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44934681/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32903563" href="https://case.academia.edu/CynthiaBeall">Cynthia Beall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32903563" type="text/json">{"id":32903563,"first_name":"Cynthia","last_name":"Beall","domain_name":"case","page_name":"CynthiaBeall","display_name":"Cynthia Beall","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/CynthiaBeall?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32903563/35500621/30769464/s65_cynthia.beall.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13801746 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13801746"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13801746, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13801746", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13801746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13801746").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13801746").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13801746"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121665" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_methylation">DNA methylation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="121665" type="text/json">{"id":121665,"name":"DNA methylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_methylation?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13801746]'), work: {"id":13801746,"title":"The Genetic Architecture of Adaptations to High Altitude in Ethiopia","created_at":"2015-07-08T08:29:50.627-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13801746/The_Genetic_Architecture_of_Adaptations_to_High_Altitude_in_Ethiopia?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_13801746","summary":"Although hypoxia is a major stress on physiological processes, several human populations have survived for millennia at high altitudes, suggesting that they have adapted to hypoxic conditions. This hypothesis was recently corroborated by studies of Tibetan highlanders, which showed that polymorphisms in candidate genes show signatures of natural selection as well as well-replicated association signals for variation in hemoglobin levels. We extended genomic analysis to two Ethiopian ethnic groups: Amhara and Oromo. For each ethnic group, we sampled low and high altitude residents, thus allowing genetic and phenotypic comparisons across altitudes and across ethnic groups. Genome-wide SNP genotype data were collected in these samples by using Illumina arrays. We find that variants associated with hemoglobin variation among Tibetans or other variants at the same loci do not influence the trait in Ethiopians. However, in the Amhara, SNP rs10803083 is associated with hemoglobin levels at genome-wide levels of significance. No significant genotype association was observed for oxygen saturation levels in either ethnic group. Approaches based on allele frequency divergence did not detect outliers in candidate hypoxia genes, but the most differentiated variants between high-and lowlanders have a clear role in pathogen defense. Interestingly, a significant excess of allele frequency divergence was consistently detected for genes involved in cell cycle control and DNA damage and repair, thus pointing to new pathways for high altitude adaptations. Finally, a comparison of CpG methylation levels between high-and lowlanders found several significant signals at individual genes in the Oromo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44934681,"asset_id":13801746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32903563,"first_name":"Cynthia","last_name":"Beall","domain_name":"case","page_name":"CynthiaBeall","display_name":"Cynthia Beall","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/CynthiaBeall?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32903563/35500621/30769464/s65_cynthia.beall.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":121665,"name":"DNA methylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_methylation?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":121667,"name":"CpG islands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CpG_islands?f_ri=67133"},{"id":219123,"name":"Ethnic Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Groups?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380823,"name":"Altitude Sickness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude_Sickness?f_ri=67133"},{"id":453528,"name":"Acclimatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acclimatization?f_ri=67133"},{"id":558653,"name":"PLoS Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_Genetics?f_ri=67133"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1311261,"name":"Hemoglobins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemoglobins?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10755640" data-work_id="10755640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10755640/Exploiting_tumor_hypoxia_through_bioreductive_release_of_diffusible_cytotoxins_The_cobalt_III_nitrogen_mustard_complex_SN_24771">Exploiting tumor hypoxia through bioreductive release of diffusible cytotoxins: The cobalt(III)-nitrogen mustard complex SN 24771</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: To assess the oxygen dependence of a novel cobalt-nitrogen mustard complex, SN 24771, designed to release a diffusible cytotoxic metabolite in hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Methods and Materials: Oxygen dependence of cell... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10755640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: To assess the oxygen dependence of a novel cobalt-nitrogen mustard complex, SN 24771, designed to release a diffusible cytotoxic metabolite in hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Methods and Materials: Oxygen dependence of cell killing was assessing in well-stirred single cell suspensions obtained by enzymatic dissociation of EMT6 spheroids, using a sensitive oxygen electrode to measure oxygen concentrations in solution. Cell killing in intact EMT6 spheroids was also compared with that in single cell suspensions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10755640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f66dd4aaa70baaec2ea00cdace90738c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47150683,"asset_id":10755640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47150683/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26203965" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenCliffe">Stephen Cliffe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26203965" type="text/json">{"id":26203965,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Cliffe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenCliffe","display_name":"Stephen Cliffe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenCliffe?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26203965/7212098/8119175/s65_stephen.cliffe.jpg_oh_a3afbc4f18fc98ef878ef2f5525f03d1_oe_554deb00___gda___1430861207_d95f6a31e7a9bae0a95227fce6b3e4c6"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10755640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10755640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10755640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10755640", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10755640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10755640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10755640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10755640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71936" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Hypoxia">Tumor Hypoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71936" type="text/json">{"id":71936,"name":"Tumor Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83315" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion">Diffusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83315" type="text/json">{"id":83315,"name":"Diffusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="151091" type="text/json">{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10755640]'), work: {"id":10755640,"title":"Exploiting tumor hypoxia through bioreductive release of diffusible cytotoxins: The cobalt(III)-nitrogen mustard complex SN 24771","created_at":"2015-02-12T23:15:16.984-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10755640/Exploiting_tumor_hypoxia_through_bioreductive_release_of_diffusible_cytotoxins_The_cobalt_III_nitrogen_mustard_complex_SN_24771?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_10755640","summary":"Purpose: To assess the oxygen dependence of a novel cobalt-nitrogen mustard complex, SN 24771, designed to release a diffusible cytotoxic metabolite in hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Methods and Materials: Oxygen dependence of cell killing was assessing in well-stirred single cell suspensions obtained by enzymatic dissociation of EMT6 spheroids, using a sensitive oxygen electrode to measure oxygen concentrations in solution. Cell killing in intact EMT6 spheroids was also compared with that in single cell suspensions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47150683,"asset_id":10755640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26203965,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Cliffe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenCliffe","display_name":"Stephen Cliffe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenCliffe?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26203965/7212098/8119175/s65_stephen.cliffe.jpg_oh_a3afbc4f18fc98ef878ef2f5525f03d1_oe_554deb00___gda___1430861207_d95f6a31e7a9bae0a95227fce6b3e4c6"}],"research_interests":[{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":71936,"name":"Tumor Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":83315,"name":"Diffusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1033201,"name":"Organometallic Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organometallic_Compounds?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14387434" data-work_id="14387434" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14387434/Hypoxemia_in_children_with_pneumonia_and_its_clinical_predictors">Hypoxemia in children with pneumonia and its clinical predictors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">To assess the prevalence of hypoxemia in children, 2 months to 5 years of age, with pneumonia and to identify its clinical predictors.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14387434" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="59d4104e4e5e617f62b79b06966ac736" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44253405,"asset_id":14387434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44253405/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33331030" href="https://uib.academia.edu/SudhaBasnet">Sudha Basnet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33331030" type="text/json">{"id":33331030,"first_name":"Sudha","last_name":"Basnet","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"SudhaBasnet","display_name":"Sudha Basnet","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/SudhaBasnet?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33331030/127780868/117167985/s65_sudha.basnet.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14387434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14387434"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14387434, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14387434", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14387434]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14387434").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14387434").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14387434"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="111112" type="text/json">{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant">Infant</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="134346" type="text/json">{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14387434]'), work: {"id":14387434,"title":"Hypoxemia in children with pneumonia and its clinical predictors","created_at":"2015-07-25T09:32:33.131-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14387434/Hypoxemia_in_children_with_pneumonia_and_its_clinical_predictors?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_14387434","summary":"To assess the prevalence of hypoxemia in children, 2 months to 5 years of age, with pneumonia and to identify its clinical predictors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44253405,"asset_id":14387434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33331030,"first_name":"Sudha","last_name":"Basnet","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"SudhaBasnet","display_name":"Sudha Basnet","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/SudhaBasnet?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33331030/127780868/117167985/s65_sudha.basnet.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=67133"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=67133"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1558342,"name":"Oxygen saturation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_saturation?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20986150" data-work_id="20986150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20986150/Sleep_disordered_breathing_in_children_with_achondroplasia">Sleep-disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Our objective was to characterize sleep-disordered breathing in 88 children with achondroplasia aged 1 month to 12.6 years. At the time of their initial polysomnography, five children had previously undergone tracheostomy, and seven... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20986150" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Our objective was to characterize sleep-disordered breathing in 88 children with achondroplasia aged 1 month to 12.6 years. At the time of their initial polysomnography, five children had previously undergone tracheostomy, and seven children required supplemental oxygen. Initial polysomnography demonstrated a median obstructive apnea index of 0 (range, 0 to 19.2 apneas/hr). The median number of central apneas with desaturation per study was 0.5 (0 to 49), the median oxygen saturation nadir was 91% (50% to 99%), and the median peak end-tidal pCO2 was 47 mm Hg (36 to 87 mm Hg). Forty-two children (47.7%) had abnormal initial study results, usually caused by hypoxemia. Two children with severe obstructive sleep apnea eventually required continuous positive airway pressure therapy, and three additional children required tracheostomies. (1) Children with achondroplasia often have sleep-related respiratory disturbances, primarily hypoxemia. (2) The majority do not have significant obstructive or central apnea; however, a substantial minority are severely affected. (3) Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy decreases the degree of upper airway obstruction in most but not all children with achondroplasia and obstructive sleep apnea. (4) Restrictive lung disease can present at a young age in children with achondroplasia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20986150" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0603b402729a766dc11bead2b33f9d3d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41915466,"asset_id":20986150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41915466/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23899455" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OrestHurko">Orest Hurko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23899455" type="text/json">{"id":23899455,"first_name":"Orest","last_name":"Hurko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OrestHurko","display_name":"Orest Hurko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OrestHurko?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23899455/142566184/132069808/s65_orest.hurko.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20986150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20986150"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20986150, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20986150", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20986150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20986150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20986150"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20986150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20986150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20986150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20986150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20986150").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20986150").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20986150"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="631" type="text/json">{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64306" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Apnea">Sleep Apnea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64306" type="text/json">{"id":64306,"name":"Sleep Apnea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Apnea?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20986150]'), work: {"id":20986150,"title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia","created_at":"2016-01-27T14:26:45.890-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20986150/Sleep_disordered_breathing_in_children_with_achondroplasia?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_20986150","summary":"Our objective was to characterize sleep-disordered breathing in 88 children with achondroplasia aged 1 month to 12.6 years. At the time of their initial polysomnography, five children had previously undergone tracheostomy, and seven children required supplemental oxygen. Initial polysomnography demonstrated a median obstructive apnea index of 0 (range, 0 to 19.2 apneas/hr). The median number of central apneas with desaturation per study was 0.5 (0 to 49), the median oxygen saturation nadir was 91% (50% to 99%), and the median peak end-tidal pCO2 was 47 mm Hg (36 to 87 mm Hg). Forty-two children (47.7%) had abnormal initial study results, usually caused by hypoxemia. Two children with severe obstructive sleep apnea eventually required continuous positive airway pressure therapy, and three additional children required tracheostomies. (1) Children with achondroplasia often have sleep-related respiratory disturbances, primarily hypoxemia. (2) The majority do not have significant obstructive or central apnea; however, a substantial minority are severely affected. (3) Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy decreases the degree of upper airway obstruction in most but not all children with achondroplasia and obstructive sleep apnea. (4) Restrictive lung disease can present at a young age in children with achondroplasia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41915466,"asset_id":20986150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23899455,"first_name":"Orest","last_name":"Hurko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OrestHurko","display_name":"Orest Hurko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OrestHurko?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23899455/142566184/132069808/s65_orest.hurko.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":64306,"name":"Sleep Apnea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Apnea?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":76673,"name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstructive_sleep_apnea?f_ri=67133"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=67133"},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=67133"},{"id":220386,"name":"Adenoidectomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenoidectomy?f_ri=67133"},{"id":276766,"name":"Polysomnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polysomnography?f_ri=67133"},{"id":587542,"name":"Tracheostomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tracheostomy?f_ri=67133"},{"id":787653,"name":"Achondroplasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achondroplasia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":875834,"name":"Tonsillectomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tonsillectomy?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1558342,"name":"Oxygen saturation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_saturation?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2209654,"name":"Continuous Positive Airway Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuous_Positive_Airway_Pressure?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29308257" data-work_id="29308257" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29308257/Acclimatization_of_skeletal_muscle_mitochondria_to_high_altitude_hypoxia_during_an_ascent_of_Everest">Acclimatization of skeletal muscle mitochondria to high-altitude hypoxia during an ascent of Everest</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ascent to high altitude is associated with a fall in the partial pressure of inspired oxygen (hypobaric hypoxia). For oxidative tissues such as skeletal muscle, resultant cellular hypoxia necessitates acclimatization to optimize energy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29308257" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ascent to high altitude is associated with a fall in the partial pressure of inspired oxygen (hypobaric hypoxia). For oxidative tissues such as skeletal muscle, resultant cellular hypoxia necessitates acclimatization to optimize energy metabolism and restrict oxidative stress, with changes in gene and protein expression that alter mitochondrial function. It is known that lowlanders returning from high altitude have decreased muscle mitochondrial densities, yet the underlying transcriptional mechanisms and time course are poorly understood. To explore these, we measured gene and protein expression plus ultrastructure in muscle biopsies of lowlanders at sea level and following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Subacute exposure (19 d after initiating ascent to Everest base camp, 5300 m) was not associated with mitochondrial loss. After 66 d at altitude and ascent beyond 6400 m, mitochondrial densities fell by 21%, with loss of 73% of subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Correspondingly, levels of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1␣ fell by 35%, suggesting down-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Sustained hypoxia also decreased expression of electron transport chain complexes I and IV and UCP3 levels. We suggest that during subacute hypoxia, mitochondria might be protected from oxidative stress. However, following sustained exposure, mitochondrial biogenesis is deactivated and uncoupling down-regulated, perhaps to improve the efficiency of ATP productionAcclimatization of skeletal muscle mitochondria to high-altitude hypoxia during an ascent of Everest. FASEB J. 26, 000-000 (2012). <a href="http://www.fasebj.org" rel="nofollow">www.fasebj.org</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29308257" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a3438bb0bdc3f1de926d95917df6a18f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49748521,"asset_id":29308257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49748521/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55350574" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreaMorash">Andrea Morash</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55350574" type="text/json">{"id":55350574,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Morash","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreaMorash","display_name":"Andrea Morash","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreaMorash?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/f12d9cb922422f839ff673d9f27602c7?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29308257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29308257"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29308257, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29308257", }); 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For oxidative tissues such as skeletal muscle, resultant cellular hypoxia necessitates acclimatization to optimize energy metabolism and restrict oxidative stress, with changes in gene and protein expression that alter mitochondrial function. It is known that lowlanders returning from high altitude have decreased muscle mitochondrial densities, yet the underlying transcriptional mechanisms and time course are poorly understood. To explore these, we measured gene and protein expression plus ultrastructure in muscle biopsies of lowlanders at sea level and following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Subacute exposure (19 d after initiating ascent to Everest base camp, 5300 m) was not associated with mitochondrial loss. After 66 d at altitude and ascent beyond 6400 m, mitochondrial densities fell by 21%, with loss of 73% of subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Correspondingly, levels of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1␣ fell by 35%, suggesting down-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Sustained hypoxia also decreased expression of electron transport chain complexes I and IV and UCP3 levels. We suggest that during subacute hypoxia, mitochondria might be protected from oxidative stress. However, following sustained exposure, mitochondrial biogenesis is deactivated and uncoupling down-regulated, perhaps to improve the efficiency of ATP productionAcclimatization of skeletal muscle mitochondria to high-altitude hypoxia during an ascent of Everest. FASEB J. 26, 000-000 (2012). www.fasebj.org","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49748521,"asset_id":29308257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55350574,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Morash","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreaMorash","display_name":"Andrea Morash","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreaMorash?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/f12d9cb922422f839ff673d9f27602c7?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":3770,"name":"Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=67133"},{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=67133"},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=67133"},{"id":28836,"name":"Bioenergetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergetics?f_ri=67133"},{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=67133"},{"id":37826,"name":"Biopsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy?f_ri=67133"},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":78684,"name":"High Altitude Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Altitude_Medicine?f_ri=67133"},{"id":78685,"name":"Mountaineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mountaineering?f_ri=67133"},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=67133"},{"id":453528,"name":"Acclimatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acclimatization?f_ri=67133"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58081361 coauthored" data-work_id="58081361" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58081361/Age_Related_Arrhythmogenesis_on_Ascent_and_Descent_Autonomic_Conflicts_on_Hypoxia_Reoxygenation_at_High_Altitude">Age-Related Arrhythmogenesis on Ascent and Descent: “Autonomic Conflicts” on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation at High Altitude?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: To discern whether arrhythmogenesis at high-altitude (HA) may differ depending on ascent or descent, as well as on age. Methods: Male subjects (37.9-12.0 SD y, n = 33) were separated into a young (Y) group (29.6-5.73 SD y, n =... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58081361" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: To discern whether arrhythmogenesis at high-altitude (HA) may differ depending on ascent or descent, as well as on age. Methods: Male subjects (37.9-12.0 SD y, n = 33) were separated into a young (Y) group (29.6-5.73 SD y, n = 18) and an older (O) one (47.9-9.83 SD y, n = 15). All subjects were monitored by Holter electrocardiography while successively ascending (41.2-7.51 SD min) and descending (38.7-6.68 SD min) between 2950 and 5050 m as car passengers on a 25 km road in Northern Chile. Arrhythmic events (AE) ensued when the difference between two consecutive RR intervals exceeded 0.16 sec. Results: From 311 AE registered, 29% occurred on ascent and 71% on descent, the sinusal type predominating in both age groups. AE incidence, RR interval duration, and heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain (RMSSD) increased during descent, as compared to ascent, in the Y group (p < 0.05), but not in the O one. Independently of age, AE incidence along descent associates with the time previously spent at 5050 m (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Rapid transitions at HA favor arrhythmogenesis, the latter becoming evident particularly in the Y group on descent. Age-dependent changes of autonomic activity appear to be involved in arrhythmogenesis on transitions at HA.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58081361" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ee541217747af8dffb6988b66c7d8a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72666190,"asset_id":58081361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72666190/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50699855" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ELecannelier">E. Lecannelier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50699855" type="text/json">{"id":50699855,"first_name":"E.","last_name":"Lecannelier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ELecannelier","display_name":"E. Lecannelier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ELecannelier?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-58081361">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-58081361"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CBehn">Claus Behn</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-58081361'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-58081361').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58081361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58081361"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58081361, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58081361", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58081361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58081361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58081361"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58081361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58081361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58081361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58081361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58081361").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58081361").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58081361"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chile">Chile</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13530" type="text/json">{"id":13530,"name":"Chile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chile?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41220" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomic_Nervous_System">Autonomic Nervous System</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41220" type="text/json">{"id":41220,"name":"Autonomic Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomic_Nervous_System?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="186234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology">Medical Physiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="186234" type="text/json">{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58081361]'), work: {"id":58081361,"title":"Age-Related Arrhythmogenesis on Ascent and Descent: “Autonomic Conflicts” on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation at High Altitude?","created_at":"2021-10-15T04:22:40.050-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58081361/Age_Related_Arrhythmogenesis_on_Ascent_and_Descent_Autonomic_Conflicts_on_Hypoxia_Reoxygenation_at_High_Altitude?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_58081361","summary":"Purpose: To discern whether arrhythmogenesis at high-altitude (HA) may differ depending on ascent or descent, as well as on age. Methods: Male subjects (37.9-12.0 SD y, n = 33) were separated into a young (Y) group (29.6-5.73 SD y, n = 18) and an older (O) one (47.9-9.83 SD y, n = 15). All subjects were monitored by Holter electrocardiography while successively ascending (41.2-7.51 SD min) and descending (38.7-6.68 SD min) between 2950 and 5050 m as car passengers on a 25 km road in Northern Chile. Arrhythmic events (AE) ensued when the difference between two consecutive RR intervals exceeded 0.16 sec. Results: From 311 AE registered, 29% occurred on ascent and 71% on descent, the sinusal type predominating in both age groups. AE incidence, RR interval duration, and heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain (RMSSD) increased during descent, as compared to ascent, in the Y group (p \u003c 0.05), but not in the O one. Independently of age, AE incidence along descent associates with the time previously spent at 5050 m (p \u003c 0.001). Conclusions: Rapid transitions at HA favor arrhythmogenesis, the latter becoming evident particularly in the Y group on descent. Age-dependent changes of autonomic activity appear to be involved in arrhythmogenesis on transitions at HA.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72666190,"asset_id":58081361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50699855,"first_name":"E.","last_name":"Lecannelier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ELecannelier","display_name":"E. Lecannelier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ELecannelier?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":51344959,"first_name":"Claus","last_name":"Behn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CBehn","display_name":"Claus Behn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CBehn?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13530,"name":"Chile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chile?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":41220,"name":"Autonomic Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomic_Nervous_System?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":323090,"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiac_Arrhythmias?f_ri=67133"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=67133"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2248971,"name":"Automobile driving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobile_driving?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28562667" data-work_id="28562667" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28562667/Normobaric_hypoxia_training_causes_more_weight_loss_than_normoxia_training_after_a_4_week_residential_camp_for_obese_young_adults">Normobaric hypoxia training causes more weight loss than normoxia training after a 4-week residential camp for obese young adults</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Intermittent normobaric hypoxia training, an alternative to altitude training for athletes, may be beneficial to treat overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether normobaric hypoxia training... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28562667" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Intermittent normobaric hypoxia training, an alternative to altitude training for athletes, may be beneficial to treat overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether normobaric hypoxia training combined with low-caloric diet has the additive effect on weight loss compared with normoxia training in obese young adults. Methods Twenty-two subjects (age 17-25 years, body mass index >27.5 kg/m 2 ) were recruited for a 4-week residential camp of weight loss with low caloric intake, and trained at 60-70 % maximal heart rate of aerobics and 40-50 % of maximal strength of training. They were randomly assigned to either a normobaric hypoxia (HT, FiO 2 =16.4-14.5 %) or normoxia training group (NT, FiO 2 =21 %), and subjects in HT and NT groups experienced weekly 16-h normoxia and 6-h hypoxia or 22-h normoxia training, respectively. Body composition, resting blood pressure (BP) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were determined before and after the intervention. Results Weight loss was found in HT (−6.9 kg or −7.0 %, p <0.01) and NT groups (−4.3 kg or −4.2 %, p <0.01) significantly, and the former lost more weight than the latter (p< 0.01). Hypoxia training improved systolic BP (−7.6 %) and mean BP (−7.1 %) significantly (p< 0.05) despite having no effect on baPWV.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28562667" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c01e3141ebdb0c71666d8f9076de5208" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48920018,"asset_id":28562667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48920018/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35058194" href="https://umac.academia.edu/ZhaoweiKong">Zhaowei Kong</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35058194" type="text/json">{"id":35058194,"first_name":"Zhaowei","last_name":"Kong","domain_name":"umac","page_name":"ZhaoweiKong","display_name":"Zhaowei Kong","profile_url":"https://umac.academia.edu/ZhaoweiKong?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28562667 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28562667"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28562667, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28562667", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28562667]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28562667").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28562667").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28562667"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity">Obesity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3851" type="text/json">{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52489" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue">Adipose tissue</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52489" type="text/json">{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28562667]'), work: {"id":28562667,"title":"Normobaric hypoxia training causes more weight loss than normoxia training after a 4-week residential camp for obese young adults","created_at":"2016-09-17T18:15:09.936-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28562667/Normobaric_hypoxia_training_causes_more_weight_loss_than_normoxia_training_after_a_4_week_residential_camp_for_obese_young_adults?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_28562667","summary":"Background Intermittent normobaric hypoxia training, an alternative to altitude training for athletes, may be beneficial to treat overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether normobaric hypoxia training combined with low-caloric diet has the additive effect on weight loss compared with normoxia training in obese young adults. Methods Twenty-two subjects (age 17-25 years, body mass index \u003e27.5 kg/m 2 ) were recruited for a 4-week residential camp of weight loss with low caloric intake, and trained at 60-70 % maximal heart rate of aerobics and 40-50 % of maximal strength of training. They were randomly assigned to either a normobaric hypoxia (HT, FiO 2 =16.4-14.5 %) or normoxia training group (NT, FiO 2 =21 %), and subjects in HT and NT groups experienced weekly 16-h normoxia and 6-h hypoxia or 22-h normoxia training, respectively. Body composition, resting blood pressure (BP) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were determined before and after the intervention. Results Weight loss was found in HT (−6.9 kg or −7.0 %, p \u003c0.01) and NT groups (−4.3 kg or −4.2 %, p \u003c0.01) significantly, and the former lost more weight than the latter (p\u003c 0.01). Hypoxia training improved systolic BP (−7.6 %) and mean BP (−7.1 %) significantly (p\u003c 0.05) despite having no effect on baPWV.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48920018,"asset_id":28562667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35058194,"first_name":"Zhaowei","last_name":"Kong","domain_name":"umac","page_name":"ZhaoweiKong","display_name":"Zhaowei Kong","profile_url":"https://umac.academia.edu/ZhaoweiKong?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=67133"},{"id":89805,"name":"Weight Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Loss?f_ri=67133"},{"id":100336,"name":"Body Composition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Composition?f_ri=67133"},{"id":112275,"name":"Resistance Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Training?f_ri=67133"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=67133"},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":250262,"name":"Sleep breathing disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_breathing_disorders?f_ri=67133"},{"id":263078,"name":"Health Resorts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Resorts?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14222276" data-work_id="14222276" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14222276/Acquired_Liver_Injury_in_the_Intensive_Care_Unit">Acquired Liver Injury in the Intensive Care Unit</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">T HE liver plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins, metabolism of toxins and drugs, and in modulation of immunity. In critically ill patients, hypoxic, toxic, and inflammatory insults can affect hepatic excretory, synthetic, and/or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14222276" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">T HE liver plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins, metabolism of toxins and drugs, and in modulation of immunity. In critically ill patients, hypoxic, toxic, and inflammatory insults can affect hepatic excretory, synthetic, and/or purification functions, leading to systemic complications such as coagulopathy, increased risk of infection, hypoglycemia, and acute kidney injury. In severe cases, hepatic encephalopathy or brain dysfunction (acute liver failure) may occur. Because of the lack of specificity of standard laboratory investigations, identifying liver injury or dysfunction in critically ill patients remains a significant challenge. In addition, the great heterogeneity of criteria used to define the consequences of liver insults increases the difficulties for the clinician to properly interpret hepatic biochemical abnormalities. In this review, we choose to define liver injury as an elevation in serum concentrations of routinely measured hepatic enzymes, including aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]; alanine aminotransferase, [ALT]), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or ␥-glutamyl transpeptidase. Hepatic dysfunction refers to derangement of pathways related to synthetic or clearance function, including international normalized ratio (INR) and bilirubin. Hepatotoxicity refers to hepatic injury and dysfunction caused by a drug or another noninfectious agent. 1 Acute liver failure designates liver injury that results in life-threatening hepatic synthetic dysfunction and brain dysfunction (encephalopathy) ( ).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14222276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f13171c722dc099c21c3ce87438b1fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44445844,"asset_id":14222276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44445844/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33203440" href="https://ualberta.academia.edu/ConstantineKarvellas">Constantine Karvellas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33203440" type="text/json">{"id":33203440,"first_name":"Constantine","last_name":"Karvellas","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"ConstantineKarvellas","display_name":"Constantine Karvellas","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/ConstantineKarvellas?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14222276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14222276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14222276, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14222276", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14222276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14222276; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14222276"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14222276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14222276"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14222276; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14222276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14222276").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14222276").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14222276"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2034" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2034" type="text/json">{"id":2034,"name":"Anesthesiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_diseases">Liver diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47067" type="text/json">{"id":47067,"name":"Liver diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_diseases?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver">Liver</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71437" type="text/json">{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14222276]'), work: {"id":14222276,"title":"Acquired Liver Injury in the Intensive Care Unit","created_at":"2015-07-20T12:42:38.658-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14222276/Acquired_Liver_Injury_in_the_Intensive_Care_Unit?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_14222276","summary":"T HE liver plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins, metabolism of toxins and drugs, and in modulation of immunity. In critically ill patients, hypoxic, toxic, and inflammatory insults can affect hepatic excretory, synthetic, and/or purification functions, leading to systemic complications such as coagulopathy, increased risk of infection, hypoglycemia, and acute kidney injury. In severe cases, hepatic encephalopathy or brain dysfunction (acute liver failure) may occur. Because of the lack of specificity of standard laboratory investigations, identifying liver injury or dysfunction in critically ill patients remains a significant challenge. In addition, the great heterogeneity of criteria used to define the consequences of liver insults increases the difficulties for the clinician to properly interpret hepatic biochemical abnormalities. In this review, we choose to define liver injury as an elevation in serum concentrations of routinely measured hepatic enzymes, including aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]; alanine aminotransferase, [ALT]), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or ␥-glutamyl transpeptidase. Hepatic dysfunction refers to derangement of pathways related to synthetic or clearance function, including international normalized ratio (INR) and bilirubin. Hepatotoxicity refers to hepatic injury and dysfunction caused by a drug or another noninfectious agent. 1 Acute liver failure designates liver injury that results in life-threatening hepatic synthetic dysfunction and brain dysfunction (encephalopathy) ( ).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44445844,"asset_id":14222276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33203440,"first_name":"Constantine","last_name":"Karvellas","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"ConstantineKarvellas","display_name":"Constantine Karvellas","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/ConstantineKarvellas?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2034,"name":"Anesthesiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":47067,"name":"Liver diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_diseases?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":94234,"name":"INTENSIVE CARE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INTENSIVE_CARE?f_ri=67133"},{"id":125076,"name":"Sepsis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sepsis?f_ri=67133"},{"id":178062,"name":"Bilirubin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bilirubin?f_ri=67133"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":793339,"name":"Intensive Care Units","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intensive_Care_Units?f_ri=67133"},{"id":901284,"name":"Hospital Mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospital_Mortality?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1188229,"name":"Parenteral Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenteral_Nutrition?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1224429,"name":"Drug Induced Liver Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Induced_Liver_Injury?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1473454,"name":"Liver function tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_function_tests?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2349258,"name":"Serum albumin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serum_albumin?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23044220" data-work_id="23044220" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23044220/Elastase_activity_in_bronchoalveolar_lavage_fluid_from_oxygen_exposed_Pseudomonas_infected_baboons">Elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from oxygen-exposed,Pseudomonas-infected baboons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The adult respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critical care patients. Lung injury in this syndrome is frequently associated with lung infection. The combined insults result in an influx of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23044220" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The adult respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critical care patients. Lung injury in this syndrome is frequently associated with lung infection. The combined insults result in an influx of neutrophils and damage to the pulmonary epithelium. We investigated whether active neutrophil elastolytic activity was present in the bronchoalveolar fluid in baboons with mild or moderate hyperoxic lung injury and infection. Group A (N = 7) was exposed for 6 days to FIO 2 = 0.8 and then inoculated by intratracheal bolus with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DGI-R130 (PA); the FIQ was reduced to 0.5. Group B (N = 6) was exposed to similar concentrations of inspired oxygen but inoculated with buffered saline. Antibiotics included parenteral penicillin and topical gentamicin and polymyxin B. All 3 were given continuously in group B but stopped 24 h prior to PA inoculation in group A. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected 1 week before oxygen administration, when the FIQ was reduced (day 6 or 7) and prior to necropsy (day 11). Hemodynamic, pulmonary function, microbiological, and biochemical variables were studied. Injured, infected animals (group A) had significant elevations of mean pulmonary artery pressure and decreases in total lung capacity and PaO2 compared both to baseline and to group B at day 11. At autopsy, group A had significant increases of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils and bacterial pathogens. Elastase levels in BALF (equal to 0 at baseline) rose to 136 -+ 98 ng/ml in group A vs. 6 -+ 14 ng/ml in group B. The elastase was inhibited by inhibitors of serine proteases including ones specific for neutrophil elastase. On Sepha-* Present address:</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23044220" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db05097809ef18f338a4552499a14043" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43550612,"asset_id":23044220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43550612/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39299916" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JayPeters1">Jay Peters</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39299916" type="text/json">{"id":39299916,"first_name":"Jay","last_name":"Peters","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JayPeters1","display_name":"Jay Peters","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JayPeters1?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23044220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23044220"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23044220, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23044220", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23044220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23044220").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23044220").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23044220"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32538" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Care">Critical Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32538" type="text/json">{"id":32538,"name":"Critical Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Care?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56475" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papio">Papio</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56475" type="text/json">{"id":56475,"name":"Papio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papio?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="111112" type="text/json">{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23044220]'), work: {"id":23044220,"title":"Elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from oxygen-exposed,Pseudomonas-infected baboons","created_at":"2016-03-09T08:36:59.614-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23044220/Elastase_activity_in_bronchoalveolar_lavage_fluid_from_oxygen_exposed_Pseudomonas_infected_baboons?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_23044220","summary":"The adult respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critical care patients. Lung injury in this syndrome is frequently associated with lung infection. The combined insults result in an influx of neutrophils and damage to the pulmonary epithelium. We investigated whether active neutrophil elastolytic activity was present in the bronchoalveolar fluid in baboons with mild or moderate hyperoxic lung injury and infection. Group A (N = 7) was exposed for 6 days to FIO 2 = 0.8 and then inoculated by intratracheal bolus with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DGI-R130 (PA); the FIQ was reduced to 0.5. Group B (N = 6) was exposed to similar concentrations of inspired oxygen but inoculated with buffered saline. Antibiotics included parenteral penicillin and topical gentamicin and polymyxin B. All 3 were given continuously in group B but stopped 24 h prior to PA inoculation in group A. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected 1 week before oxygen administration, when the FIQ was reduced (day 6 or 7) and prior to necropsy (day 11). Hemodynamic, pulmonary function, microbiological, and biochemical variables were studied. Injured, infected animals (group A) had significant elevations of mean pulmonary artery pressure and decreases in total lung capacity and PaO2 compared both to baseline and to group B at day 11. At autopsy, group A had significant increases of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils and bacterial pathogens. Elastase levels in BALF (equal to 0 at baseline) rose to 136 -+ 98 ng/ml in group A vs. 6 -+ 14 ng/ml in group B. The elastase was inhibited by inhibitors of serine proteases including ones specific for neutrophil elastase. On Sepha-* Present address:","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43550612,"asset_id":23044220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39299916,"first_name":"Jay","last_name":"Peters","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JayPeters1","display_name":"Jay Peters","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JayPeters1?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":32538,"name":"Critical Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Care?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":56475,"name":"Papio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papio?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":197297,"name":"Lung","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung?f_ri=67133"},{"id":295260,"name":"Neutrophils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrophils?f_ri=67133"},{"id":677189,"name":"Pulmonary Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Function?f_ri=67133"},{"id":841842,"name":"Lung Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung_Injury?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1154758,"name":"Serine Protease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serine_Protease?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2412024,"name":"Proteolytic activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteolytic_activity?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16738111 coauthored" data-work_id="16738111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16738111/Unstable_oxygen_supply_and_glaucoma">Unstable oxygen supply and glaucoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16738111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78aac067cbbba88fd97a36e1aa8ac9ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39155023,"asset_id":16738111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39155023/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36142974" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/MargaritaTodorova">Margarita Todorova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36142974" type="text/json">{"id":36142974,"first_name":"Margarita","last_name":"Todorova","domain_name":"unibasel","page_name":"MargaritaTodorova","display_name":"Margarita Todorova","profile_url":"https://unibasel.academia.edu/MargaritaTodorova?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16738111">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16738111"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KKonieczka">K. Konieczka</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16738111'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16738111').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16738111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16738111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16738111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16738111", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16738111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16738111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16738111"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16738111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16738111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16738111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16738111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16738111").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16738111").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16738111"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96572" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glaucoma">Glaucoma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96572" type="text/json">{"id":96572,"name":"Glaucoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glaucoma?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen">Oxygen</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="380825" type="text/json">{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16738111]'), work: {"id":16738111,"title":"Unstable oxygen supply and glaucoma","created_at":"2015-10-13T06:26:32.740-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16738111/Unstable_oxygen_supply_and_glaucoma?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_16738111","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39155023,"asset_id":16738111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36142974,"first_name":"Margarita","last_name":"Todorova","domain_name":"unibasel","page_name":"MargaritaTodorova","display_name":"Margarita Todorova","profile_url":"https://unibasel.academia.edu/MargaritaTodorova?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36671488,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Konieczka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KKonieczka","display_name":"K. Konieczka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KKonieczka?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":96572,"name":"Glaucoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glaucoma?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27145810" data-work_id="27145810" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27145810/Apnea_Diving_Long_Term_Neurocognitive_Sequelae_of_Repeated_Hypoxemia">Apnea Diving: Long-Term Neurocognitive Sequelae of Repeated Hypoxemia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the neurocognitive sequelae of repeated exposure to hypoxemia in apnea (breath-hold) divers. A brief review of the literature on the physiological and neurological adaptations involved in the ''human diving reflex''... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27145810" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the neurocognitive sequelae of repeated exposure to hypoxemia in apnea (breath-hold) divers. A brief review of the literature on the physiological and neurological adaptations involved in the ''human diving reflex'' is presented. The results from a neuropsychological investigation of N ¼ 21 elite apnea divers are evaluated. Standard neuropsychological tests, with known sensitivity to mild brain insults, included speed of visuo-motor responding, speed of language comprehension, response inhibition, and visual and verbal attention and recall tasks. Results indicated that the breath-hold divers performed tasks within the average range compared to norms on all tests, suggesting that 1-20 years of repeated exposure to hypoxemia including multiple adverse neurological events did not impact on performance on standard neuropsychological tasks. The results are discussed in relation to implications for clinical conditions such as sleep apnea, respiratory disorders, altitude sickness, and recreational apnea activities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27145810" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff1daf4e40568b36f4a11223680b9c40" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47395530,"asset_id":27145810,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47395530/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46334248" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LynneRidgway">Lynne Ridgway</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46334248" type="text/json">{"id":46334248,"first_name":"Lynne","last_name":"Ridgway","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LynneRidgway","display_name":"Lynne Ridgway","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LynneRidgway?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46334248/33039195/29608734/s65_lynne.ridgway.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27145810 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27145810"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27145810, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27145810", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27145810]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27145810").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27145810").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27145810"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia">Hypoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10990" type="text/json">{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Comprehension">Language Comprehension</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33887" type="text/json">{"id":33887,"name":"Language Comprehension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Comprehension?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27145810]'), work: {"id":27145810,"title":"Apnea Diving: Long-Term Neurocognitive Sequelae of Repeated Hypoxemia","created_at":"2016-07-21T00:12:17.083-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27145810/Apnea_Diving_Long_Term_Neurocognitive_Sequelae_of_Repeated_Hypoxemia?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_27145810","summary":"This article examines the neurocognitive sequelae of repeated exposure to hypoxemia in apnea (breath-hold) divers. A brief review of the literature on the physiological and neurological adaptations involved in the ''human diving reflex'' is presented. The results from a neuropsychological investigation of N ¼ 21 elite apnea divers are evaluated. Standard neuropsychological tests, with known sensitivity to mild brain insults, included speed of visuo-motor responding, speed of language comprehension, response inhibition, and visual and verbal attention and recall tasks. Results indicated that the breath-hold divers performed tasks within the average range compared to norms on all tests, suggesting that 1-20 years of repeated exposure to hypoxemia including multiple adverse neurological events did not impact on performance on standard neuropsychological tasks. The results are discussed in relation to implications for clinical conditions such as sleep apnea, respiratory disorders, altitude sickness, and recreational apnea activities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47395530,"asset_id":27145810,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46334248,"first_name":"Lynne","last_name":"Ridgway","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LynneRidgway","display_name":"Lynne Ridgway","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LynneRidgway?f_ri=67133","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46334248/33039195/29608734/s65_lynne.ridgway.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":10990,"name":"Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":33887,"name":"Language Comprehension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Comprehension?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":49011,"name":"Diving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diving?f_ri=67133"},{"id":52762,"name":"Response Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response_Inhibition?f_ri=67133"},{"id":64306,"name":"Sleep Apnea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Apnea?f_ri=67133"},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":190905,"name":"Periodicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Periodicity?f_ri=67133"},{"id":871402,"name":"High Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Altitude?f_ri=67133"},{"id":901800,"name":"Apnea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apnea?f_ri=67133"},{"id":970066,"name":"Cerebral Blood Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Blood_Flow?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2463800,"name":"Severity of Illness Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severity_of_Illness_Index?f_ri=67133"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24783067" data-work_id="24783067" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24783067/Oral_propranolol_treatment_in_infants_and_children">Oral propranolol treatment in infants and children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To determine the effectiveness of oral propranolol in children, we administered 0.5 to 4.0 mg/kg/day of the drug to 64 children (age one day to 20 years): 41 with cardiac dysrhythmias, six with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortie stenosis,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24783067" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To determine the effectiveness of oral propranolol in children, we administered 0.5 to 4.0 mg/kg/day of the drug to 64 children (age one day to 20 years): 41 with cardiac dysrhythmias, six with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortie stenosis, and 17 with paroxysmal hypoxemic spells associated with right ventricular infundibular obstruetion, A new liquid form of propranolol (10 mg/ml) was administered to 37 of the younger patients, and tablets were given to the other 27. Propranolol improved the dysrhythmia in 31 of 41 patients, being notably effective in supraventrieular tachycardia and ventricular taehyeardia associated with a prolonged QT interval. The drug also eliminated symptoms attributed to IHSS in six of six patients and abolished hypoxemic spells in 12 of 17. The liquid and tablets were equally effective," and the liquid had the advantage of allowing for accurate dose changes in younger children. We conclude that oral propranolol is an excellent drug for use in pediatric patients with certain types of cardiac disease.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24783067" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32471e5f7b0c848b2d017ca943b522ff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45111486,"asset_id":24783067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45111486/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47786906" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MullinsCharles">Charles Mullins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47786906" type="text/json">{"id":47786906,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Mullins","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MullinsCharles","display_name":"Charles Mullins","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MullinsCharles?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24783067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24783067"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24783067, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24783067", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24783067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24783067; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24783067"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24783067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24783067"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24783067; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24783067]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24783067").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24783067").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24783067"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="631" type="text/json">{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39000" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography">Electrocardiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39000" type="text/json">{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24783067]'), work: {"id":24783067,"title":"Oral propranolol treatment in infants and children","created_at":"2016-04-26T13:40:52.180-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24783067/Oral_propranolol_treatment_in_infants_and_children?f_ri=67133","dom_id":"work_24783067","summary":"To determine the effectiveness of oral propranolol in children, we administered 0.5 to 4.0 mg/kg/day of the drug to 64 children (age one day to 20 years): 41 with cardiac dysrhythmias, six with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortie stenosis, and 17 with paroxysmal hypoxemic spells associated with right ventricular infundibular obstruetion, A new liquid form of propranolol (10 mg/ml) was administered to 37 of the younger patients, and tablets were given to the other 27. Propranolol improved the dysrhythmia in 31 of 41 patients, being notably effective in supraventrieular tachycardia and ventricular taehyeardia associated with a prolonged QT interval. The drug also eliminated symptoms attributed to IHSS in six of six patients and abolished hypoxemic spells in 12 of 17. The liquid and tablets were equally effective,\" and the liquid had the advantage of allowing for accurate dose changes in younger children. We conclude that oral propranolol is an excellent drug for use in pediatric patients with certain types of cardiac disease.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45111486,"asset_id":24783067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47786906,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Mullins","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MullinsCharles","display_name":"Charles Mullins","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MullinsCharles?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=67133"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=67133"},{"id":323090,"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiac_Arrhythmias?f_ri=67133"},{"id":476883,"name":"Tablets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tablets?f_ri=67133"},{"id":719379,"name":"Propranolol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propranolol?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1154249,"name":"Heart Ventricles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Ventricles?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1789087,"name":"Tachycardia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tachycardia?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14936434" data-work_id="14936434" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14936434/Static_Apnea_Effect_on_Heart_Rate_and_Its_Variability_in_Elite_Breath_Hold_Divers">Static Apnea Effect on Heart Rate and Its Variability in Elite Breath-Hold Divers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">LEMAÎTRE F, BUCHHEIT M, JOULIA F, FONTANARI P, TOURNY-CHOLLET C. Static apnea effect on heart rate and its variability in elite breathhold divers. Aviat Space Environ Med 2008; 79:1 -6.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14936434" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8349c31c2b8360c7d5f2b5121850397a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43734184,"asset_id":14936434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43734184/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33929067" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabriceJoulia">Fabrice Joulia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33929067" type="text/json">{"id":33929067,"first_name":"Fabrice","last_name":"Joulia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabriceJoulia","display_name":"Fabrice Joulia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabriceJoulia?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14936434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14936434"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14936434, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14936434", }); 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Aviat Space Environ Med 2008; 79:1 -6.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43734184,"asset_id":14936434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33929067,"first_name":"Fabrice","last_name":"Joulia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabriceJoulia","display_name":"Fabrice Joulia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabriceJoulia?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49011,"name":"Diving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diving?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=67133"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=67133"},{"id":901800,"name":"Apnea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apnea?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1558342,"name":"Oxygen saturation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_saturation?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17959511" data-work_id="17959511" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17959511/Effects_of_interval_hypoxia_on_exercise_tolerance_special_focus_on_patients_with_CAD_or_COPD">Effects of interval hypoxia on exercise tolerance: special focus on patients with CAD or COPD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction Repeated short-term hypoxia (interval hypoxia) has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and/or improving oxygen delivery. As low exercise tolerance contributes to mortality in patients... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17959511" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction Repeated short-term hypoxia (interval hypoxia) has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and/or improving oxygen delivery. As low exercise tolerance contributes to mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interval hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool for these patients. Yet, mechanisms responsible for the improvement of</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17959511" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c148f2f71b4152187701680920cd6163" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42214419,"asset_id":17959511,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42214419/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Nzk5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37881935" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MBurtscher">Martin Burtscher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37881935" type="text/json">{"id":37881935,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Burtscher","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MBurtscher","display_name":"Martin Burtscher","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MBurtscher?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17959511 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17959511"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17959511, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17959511", }); 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As low exercise tolerance contributes to mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interval hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool for these patients. Yet, mechanisms responsible for the improvement of","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42214419,"asset_id":17959511,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37881935,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Burtscher","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MBurtscher","display_name":"Martin Burtscher","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MBurtscher?f_ri=67133","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=67133","nofollow":true},{"id":137957,"name":"Performance 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Preconditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemic_Preconditioning?f_ri=67133"},{"id":1851913,"name":"Aerobic Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerobic_Exercise?f_ri=67133"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8295246" data-work_id="8295246" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/8295246/Flight_assessment_in_patients_with_respiratory_disease_hypoxic_challenge_testing_vs_predictive_equations">Flight assessment in patients with respiratory disease: hypoxic challenge testing vs. predictive equations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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