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</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Rehabilitation</b> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">реабилитация</span>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanization of Russian">transliterated</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English language">English</a> as <i>reabilitatsiya</i> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic">academically</a> rendered as <i>reabilitacija</i>) was a term used in the context of the former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Post-Soviet_states?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a>. Beginning after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Joseph_Stalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin">death of Stalin</a> in 1953, the government undertook the political and social restoration, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Political_rehabilitation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Political rehabilitation">political rehabilitation</a>, of persons who had been repressed and criminally prosecuted without due basis. It restored the person to the state of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acquittal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acquittal">acquittal</a>. In many cases, rehabilitation was <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posthumous" class="extiw" title="wikt:posthumous">posthumous</a>, as thousands of victims had been executed or died in labor camps.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gorsky_Alexander_Klimentevych_-_Verdict_(Archive_-_The_Military_Collegium_of_the_USSR).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gorsky_Alexander_Klimentevych_-_Verdict_%28Archive_-_The_Military_Collegium_of_the_USSR%29.jpg/300px-Gorsky_Alexander_Klimentevych_-_Verdict_%28Archive_-_The_Military_Collegium_of_the_USSR%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gorsky_Alexander_Klimentevych_-_Verdict_%2528Archive_-_The_Military_Collegium_of_the_USSR%2529.jpg/450px-Gorsky_Alexander_Klimentevych_-_Verdict_%2528Archive_-_The_Military_Collegium_of_the_USSR%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gorsky_Alexander_Klimentevych_-_Verdict_%2528Archive_-_The_Military_Collegium_of_the_USSR%2529.jpg/600px-Gorsky_Alexander_Klimentevych_-_Verdict_%2528Archive_-_The_Military_Collegium_of_the_USSR%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="960"></a> <figcaption> A rehabilitation certificate that says: "...and the case was closed for lack of <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corpus_delicti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corpus delicti">corpus delicti</a></i>... rehabilitated posthumously" </figcaption> </figure> <p>The government also rehabilitated several minority populations which it had relocated under Stalin, and allowed them to return to their former territories and in some cases restored their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autonomous_republics_of_the_Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union">autonomy in those regions</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Post-Stalinism_epoch"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Post-Stalinism epoch</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Perestroika_and_post-Soviet_states"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Perestroika and post-Soviet states</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Post-Stalinism_epoch">Post-Stalinism epoch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitation_(Soviet)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Post-Stalinism epoch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The government started mass <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amnesty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> of the victims of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Political repression in the Soviet Union">Soviet repressions</a> after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Joseph_Stalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin">death</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Stalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>. In 1953, this did not entail any form of exoneration. The government released those who were granted amnesty into internal exile in remote areas, without any right to return to their original places of settlement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amnesty_of_1953?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amnesty of 1953">amnesty of 1953</a> was applied for those who had been sentenced for a term of at most five years and had been prosecuted for non-political articles in the Soviet Criminal Code (for example, children of those repressed on political grounds were often prosecuted as "antisocial elements", i.e., on the same grounds as prostitutes). In 1954, the government began to release many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Political_prisoner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Political prisoner">political prisoners</a> from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> labor camps.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>In 1956, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>, then in the position of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>, denounced <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stalinism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> in his notable speech "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>". Afterward, the government accompanied release of political prisoners with rehabilitation, allowing them to return home and reclaim their lives.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>Several large <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnic_groups?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups">ethnic groups</a> had been deported to Siberia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia during <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Population transfer in the Soviet Union">population transfer</a>; these were also rehabilitated in the late 1950s. The government allowed many of those groups to return to their former homelands and restored their former autonomous regions. It did not restore territory to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volga_Germans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volga Germans">Volga Germans</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crimean_Tatars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crimean Tatars were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukaz_493?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukaz 493">decriminalized</a> in 1967, allowed to return to Crimea in 1989, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/On_the_Rehabilitation_of_Repressed_Peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples">rehabilitated</a> in the RSFSR in 1991.</p> <p>In most cases, the persons were released with the phrases "due to the lack of a criminal matter", "for lack of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corpus_delicti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corpus delicti">corpus delicti</a>", "based on previously unavailable information", "due to the lack of a proof of guilt", etc. Many rehabilitations occurred posthumously, as thousands had been executed by Stalin's government or died in the harsh conditions of the labor camps.</p> <p>Many individuals were subject to amnesty only, but not to rehabilitation (in particular those who had been prosecuted for "belonging to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trotskyite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyite">Trotskyite</a> Opposition").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Perestroika_and_post-Soviet_states">Perestroika and post-Soviet states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitation_(Soviet)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Perestroika and post-Soviet states" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Another wave of rehabilitations started about 1986 with emerging Soviet policy of <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perestroika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a></i>. Persons who were repressed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extrajudicial_punishment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extrajudicial punishment">extrajudicially</a> were summarily rehabilitated. Also, Soviet civilian and military justice continued to rehabilitate victims of Stalin's purges (posthumously), as well as some people repressed after Stalin. After <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in late 1991, this trend continued in most post-Soviet states.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leon_Trotsky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> (murdered in 1940) was rehabilitated on 16 June 2001 by Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Both the modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_Federation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have enacted laws "On the Rehabilitation of the Victims of Political Repressions", which provide the basis for the continued post-Stalinist rehabilitation of victims.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitation_(Soviet)&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/On_the_Rehabilitation_of_Repressed_Peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples">On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitation_(Soviet)&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath%3Dpages%255CR%255CE%255CRehabilitation.htm">Rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Conquest, <i>The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities</i> (London: MacMillan, 1970) (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-10575-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-10575-3">0-333-10575-3</a>); S. Enders Wimbush and Ronald Wixman, "The Meskhetian Turks: A New Voice in Central Asia", <i>Canadian Slavonic Papers</i> 27, Nos. 2 and 3 (Summer and Fall, 1975): 320–340; and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Nekrich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Nekrich">Alexander Nekrich</a>, <i>The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War</i> (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978) ( <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-00068-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-00068-0">0-393-00068-0</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://memorial-nic.org/iofe/3.html">В. В. Иофе. Осмысление Гулага.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821184248/http://memorial-nic.org/iofe/3.html">Archived</a> 21 August 2011 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> НИЦ «Мемориал»</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://zakon.nau.ua/eng/doc/?uid%3D3019.39.0">"Rehabilitation of victims of political repressions in Ukraine"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728122403/http://zakon.nau.ua/eng/doc/?uid%3D3019.39.0">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Law of Ukraine</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitation_(Soviet)&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li>Adler, N. <i>The Gulag Survivor: Beyond the Soviet System</i>. New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA/London: Transaction Publishers, 2002.</li> <li>Iakovlev, A. (ed.) <i>Reabilitatsiia: politicheskie protsessy 30–50-kh godov</i>. Moscow: Politizdat, 1991.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLitvin2001" class="citation book cs1">Litvin, A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D8GCIDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA95">"Rehabilitation"</a>. <i>Writing History in Twentieth-Century Russia: A View from Within</i>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 95–. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-1389-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-1389-0"><bdi>978-1-4039-1389-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rehabilitation&rft.btitle=Writing+History+in+Twentieth-Century+Russia%3A+A+View+from+Within&rft.pages=95-&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-1389-0&rft.aulast=Litvin&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8GCIDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARehabilitation+%28Soviet%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Smith, K. <i>Remembering Stalin’s Victims: Popular Memory and the End of the USSR</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1996.</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DRehabilitation_(Soviet)%26oldid%3D1252284069">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitation_(Soviet)&oldid=1252284069</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rehabilitation_(Soviet)&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Monkbot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729445322"> <span>Last edited on 20 October 2024, at 17:28</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2580%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25AC%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7_(%25CE%25A3%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B5%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%2588%25CE%25BD%25CF%2589%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7)" title="Αποκατάσταση (Σοβιετική Ένωση) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποκατάσταση (Σοβιετική Ένωση)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitaci%25C3%25B3n_(Uni%25C3%25B3n_Sovi%25C3%25A9tica)" title="Rehabilitación (Unión Soviética) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rehabilitación (Unión Soviética)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitasi_(Soviet)" title="Rehabilitasi (Soviet) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rehabilitasi (Soviet)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riabilitazione_post_mortem" title="Riabilitazione post mortem – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riabilitazione post mortem" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Реабилитация – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Реабилитация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitering_(Sovjetunionen)" title="Rehabilitering (Sovjetunionen) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rehabilitering (Sovjetunionen)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reabilita%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_(Uni%25C3%25A3o_Sovi%25C3%25A9tica)" title="Reabilitação (União Soviética) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reabilitação (União Soviética)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reabilitare_(Uniunea_Sovietic%25C4%2583)" title="Reabilitare (Uniunea Sovietică) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reabilitare (Uniunea Sovietică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_(%25D0%25A1%25D0%25A1%25D0%25A1%25D0%25A0)" title="Юридическая реабилитация (СССР) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Юридическая реабилитация (СССР)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Рехабилитација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рехабилитација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitointi" title="Rehabilitointi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rehabilitointi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2585_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2596%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B2_%25D0%25A1%25D0%25A0%25D0%25A1%25D0%25A0" title="Реабілітація жертв політичних репресій в СРСР – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Реабілітація жертв політичних репресій в СРСР" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> 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