CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ea521a3d91a5',cH: 'unJtuOS1BugCwWnn8lydEweOmqq_PjE2VdJMY4pdlXo-1739786268-1.2.1.1-m1CN.QUA1Y4gKvWwjHaEAa6eeLi.g7Hs8AfRvLBxBYWRjcoL8.RgoBXssEJCW2gY',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/88926\/appropriate-nutrient-management-for-wheat-production-in-afghanistan?__cf_chl_tk=upruVZzOur6iikvoFLAi6EzQ5SsVBfMxNBLqS_4YAHI-1739786268-1.0.1.1-Je7bBPUguQIiTBG.3jbJQyiT4eccjIz7Y7DET76cftw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786268',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/88926\/appropriate-nutrient-management-for-wheat-production-in-afghanistan?__cf_chl_f_tk=upruVZzOur6iikvoFLAi6EzQ5SsVBfMxNBLqS_4YAHI-1739786268-1.0.1.1-Je7bBPUguQIiTBG.3jbJQyiT4eccjIz7Y7DET76cftw",md: "7HE70b.WAGMExgOdEWqlPIoubvZ2_XIkzhCJ0xgG0G8-1739786268-1.2.1.1-5lYQWl6w6Wa.fQHvdqHmtWji_mQlq3R2j8H3GjP_9vQdFcr_Zkarq7gq1Z1CXaCCJELDxIZcs5JORBtP9O9IkIGqAQ_KB2riKpgy.GB_wVWIJlsv8pcC1Ki3HRBWreuAB5JSn_2iI1ZnuHwCzK.EGywv.f4qXxbxbJT9RtGMb8UdvXzCFPvghXUYHtdwxINbe_mgwvL_8ia.0cTeXOaxUx4vckRkltPKUUcnBs5pGuiIZVIRHdKEY40Ih_omPWkjHzENAlwqdwygZKf6cPU.vBaLfQRsGbjLBV6cXddz8ibNSb0N2P_qxFoa.OJ5MEjZfDlN0fEIbhoSczB_cdKD5oGUQoacahF8wKq38ztitaW3mRYCfFZI07EKpeRt2FJZcD63TwO6gHJI6uwTAAJWTBkbiaG84dgBOlAsmKYtG7O09VDclj6pINGe3FkbrTENUxQxkFh.xSG7yAYYF8.iNJ9CU8g7xiKTEU2KUo9_lCrHihDXMZCNl8bS9ltZmp_9E3kgLqfV11zfYBX6rkXwmp7Pr.E1U235RtbMIViLGs5uDYviafh7TA1L1t7Tg423A9ImTC89yyG_polHYhUJFqunq5YLXviCd9_1bpaz85eiLtmLFrzeoz5VyXUW75pDntvzHN3OUA2Rl8LObF4mN3SgyjcWByUzmfpu2uKcl8RFrZT4caZXORxLvSqWzm8lfAOoL8qYduTU2IOHywH4tQaBmX7i_AM23CuUtNV6btU8HXrFMjrsJurrfPtwJExr4zXzZaVL8OgIQ9oetLiYmYZb7o03AZ9UPmd5BwJjQ8HjQpXdoIVS6wKd6jRwd6zITQmcEBEqqr5DEJOnQIwZCiZoukfHPfecubXEHnIbPk45_v6_0Xv0WoK9eb_QxZOSL03g7tEBkce_dfti87txvsXD01L6yObwrQkczj_vgTK.PXLeeONDfHhJAfk96umm.jf2UcdNW3PrHGtYD_OZi7eNIpko7jwmE3_X5PlIgqLC02jyv3f4Y.tisOXGUrF9C7QYj.NjLJ3XbEd7T37upMtbsSi2GIRd7mG.AAoyY6AHqQqbaak0dAty_1ptPy70wQ758m7ubA1beHqyPrjbbQqUkmA32_.ddiawde7A8O.thii_bKiJEWf9npF9rjePrGKgR1xBr_JmyjYokSwq1gU5hDC3Pa._kuVTFDMNGd_rDPdJDo15Bt57Di5BMN9TN17xHdZnBoxp3HMtJxpvXwNR.FIAIMr3zr7LoU33lLxUqb99y_wkAuNlZxDKtqdk8k9Pjm5DqdYVhCfJ.gMek_La_gM4qNv0zgFixi7NYKFc9oJnfyZjHp5RJ_USnAjOA9If4mIxYph3oVQxx.loO7gvqSpWLqh.8LY6BE4iWyUFYJeEWLKTlwxWmgbe8tFWz4IkHI.6rNzqGeg2w6uPs9tJ0KnTbc18c1wm4O7G669z_tCszoGigbEhkR2O34l2GRUG1LRnZrkVt4nrJ2OulOne6UX0Cluj6OOjFrTLRC25UMkexRi4I9mPo38UyDpVHOQ9gtH3OP_1YtUXz0dZmLc_j0Ifk_oaxDBTQe2d5bBFuCrAYpKZs64VDZWkIZAP68sUbD_xQdpYIRzra06bjMCNv7GU0WwlZjekQCjXd.RPRrlpXEb_9XeprVrw1ZTi8Jn9fIK_FmsFFa0qDlbiNy8dROEKAfL50JqLzTH.zP5bGww1i8BpLNm1g_eLzvTZv1vq.PlsjElejE5dgDh7wSdtWgQf5XMQZvS6l6zwdecIVKtQjHjN0MzubX9J4.0CzN.34cYpLlK7dYz_7UN.FBbA.6Ge7BE.Bxu0ogQHy_CbCVjuDLQbT7kUz1aB49gUlDrPKbgJiHNmb2gC6GjzqEknJqIbwVCl7yTu9wmhOAhozwEg0RhIhVZYYncAJidonGp9t_3yM8W9j23pJhOb5x3KYfYMVsNx9z_utxwW__l2xHreBhR.vY54WdoUIyty9xsClvOL5XYzRYhClzBa.rInJIDYe5DH3Np8gCQbDn1tcyoMlhUUPzrS2Zcn1aBOHg2YN5RLd9BCeK1qokr1UaPD.MykZ0pZJNvqW8175Ts",mdrd: "fvNmq8gUiaD5VPZvSGcNDRvAVgBaJkXEfFvI.iq.TJ8-1739786268-1.2.1.1-2PV9UtCQiWIuWlSlGJkwXcyeoNIVjfBXU1Vc6GYqyjukXLM5KTIJQ0iSSlQfW.fJu73nEciOPiMUSU3Fq3vNw5PGadbWq0UNA8RQJ1geLY5006RvX8cEBCdz18qDHmAdIcr95knc_r5W1kZ5vL5rUJty0wkGekgrCzSDarpJdpt.OMLX0PCpJfDh35JtDndC_X9OhFwVPoc7DNDwdy2NEGPXJYJDwhouOMQlSpLPSalkePG4ImSpoJ5F0xRmCV_EvFb1aLbKQa_OuD.IJA64thBcNODjCdk_FM.J0aAEAz6D4VZ_s2JwPmN4bHo3EijjYlmT6WYHWrdgJlMtvWC.mouSgagcWU.G1rAAcnoyPNE1qMG2iV.QwzXCtPv_z17SWpSYUsHXgzTS0AKnuA4kBb5L6kyUct2FSU6Q.cO9zu_3U66W46Ig8cFxAUlFKRO1Sy43faksO8CbZT3nXJIW6RuD0wPISeUjK7b.FpJJYRbgxmaA9LGnKeXAgVpz824lqb11ACoAy_FAPyc8zggxMVh_n_vqutOtpxXn5AHwkJwmJBTHfEeUWlfPqRNHJQb3i9d5Unem1fq67MMwfQDfPBw4IhAYQWtm8OQSUHcVirVN5juJ5UvYayHRma_1WeU40P2gst63eDK.xRCm_aJhqwcfo_U7DAB.eEZKFd30oVRRNP.DUJ785mxxNoQf_Sv9s3uFnrlt.YkT2xbpn.m.PvAJmcQtcqpgicFJxO8Tcgel2Q6wxtkbUGGBK.HdN3pdvJ65idJRj0u4qzD51M.L8AsB_o.0Tpy.ssEQ1j2LwSJfldy5qDiRMX0rDbeFDhvn.zKdz_G3wCknGg3Nz3OGoP.ut3ioVkE1j9CS3J8jyx4yjxpwmEfLLrXXz7Ic_Qv9zDpmN1VEqN23KCL7uxT_qx49Y62yp0KzAt03jSq4JFWe2e1MWm5TW9p7Gi0Ih7nCXJUYljDMTKPsoZ1YC7v4XwFQz.4GE.JyDCg3DbjunAGA00.Anh5pQ7WXOZm_Nlqhwe._FT9m43exUhEFKcQitYysRGwjvGBC.ViV6K624UItJ..QggYoOzg4TrS0riOjL6CR5XxIsFdewGeZ3q0.ta8_twkOxgoiUgCDzuE.XRYm4a8.7pW72A9up5lQEWTKQNSI14vZa.19azlT6qT61AieCpCVWgDFCenhqoLg7Mmi9MHb8OueAQKUGWI5O10wigpyP47KLHp7Fvnq9Jk8y0e7xR7GeJupet_ep_cQeM7WRo.KorWxRAU5xtpKmxYtvl8CCfzaWz6eQwwOGvgjNMSnUk_kFdOrHIGMf9mCYGI8GgIutreJl3euu7Hb6wCaUV3xVHwqOD4JL5OO.DyWxmVwdCGnc.1xfA1Lp0AByjlTsxnfT4Q3u8qF3xgthxboEJRPns3zOP9_XBKVVp5iZVmxbNJyO3JY1qPUvhA50XFU7pUWf3WiHHPUdE9U8qGBHuzsrAgUZ9ZdoHUvMfNiXCbLxt_54hDoDVB1YQZoWuZayb9l6IxADv__Gs84sLLcNJu9sR9xPeQs.l9218akkLEyYFRMK_qzrhksnFAkx8Pkrr6SSTQwe4Nljg8KEWk.ejT3ePsD58AIRlN.avBs8q9CTJmnMzBdYRkCqFDI4IhZne7ugh1d_YFNHrjChMFgOjRjK9oZEM3s8uucymQRU7vZJEp94nWQJ042V0FslAkvCL.oljm7VttBoiCqQ2J6lUcpTY1ge_VPjIsBpkcN3n8gbpqsb9DdxjCjBHxJHDhbfdJw1HI.KKWNfMOGefwekeRnFZ0pB54u5GWi0DgdXgizvQY7XAgXJsCNundAb43781c.XwIfNGFYQZICW6iea0OcjibJWTQRqPf0I_r9dXh1IZ51KkCbftlZ5ioln9oPLZv7dRJyOBOOicz2s2KVeObqXm6E_Az7MDi5K6qU2VSpod4mj43gamiiArRapXGChhULKv3rjuV83pr8ZSwgDhyjoFXxyAXEsqpJATHMGw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ea521a3d91a5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/88926\/appropriate-nutrient-management-for-wheat-production-in-afghanistan?__cf_chl_rt_tk=upruVZzOur6iikvoFLAi6EzQ5SsVBfMxNBLqS_4YAHI-1739786268-1.0.1.1-Je7bBPUguQIiTBG.3jbJQyiT4eccjIz7Y7DET76cftw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>