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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>A History of Iraq - Charles Tripp - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_79b9fa3fbab7b5639bc13e688d427039/kl_about_this_book_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/atb_79b9fa3fbab7b5639bc13e688d427039__en.js"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_Iraq.html?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_Iraq.html?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC"/><meta name="title" content="A History of Iraq"/><meta name="description" content="In response to current events, Charles Tripp has updated his incisive book A History of Iraq to include developments as recent as mid-2002. Since its establishment by the British in the 1920s, Iraq has witnessed the rise and fall of successive authoritarian regimes, competing ruthlessly for power and resources. This struggle culminated in the dictatorship of Saddam Husain, who still maintains his grip over a fragmented and increasingly isolated society. Tripp's book traces Iraq's political history from its nineteenth-century roots in the Ottoman empire, to the development of the state, its transformation from monarchy to republic and the rise of the Ba'th party and the ascendancy and current rule of Saddam Husain. This is a story of social conflict, of power struggles between rival clans, of hostility and wars with neighboring states, as well as of their aftermath, and Iraq's deteriorating relations with the West. A History of Iraq offers incisive analysis of the making of a modern state and how it creates its own distinctive politics. Charles Tripp is Professor of Politics with reference to the Middle East at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He is the General Editor of the Cambridge Middle East Studies Series and author of A History of Iraq (3rd Edition, CUP, 2007) and Islam and the Moral Economy: the challenge of capitalism (CUP, 2006)."/><meta property="og:title" content="A History of Iraq"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71RYr0jXye2uKCxROZKSzeEGJJzNe0TzpzLZhDNmzjh-Jr2yF_-t3EPcmS7YUbi6S2IAdLgA83X1OQ8K6H_ZvWgbwm_J3EVU4iZnw6FjY1BLEaUsY5DaMdYbFdtexArbNPJQpWU"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71RYr0jXye2uKCxROZKSzeEGJJzNe0TzpzLZhDNmzjh-Jr2yF_-t3EPcmS7YUbi6S2IAdLgA83X1OQ8K6H_ZvWgbwm_J3EVU4iZnw6FjY1BLEaUsY5DaMdYbFdtexArbNPJQpWU"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DWR-Cnw1UCJEC%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&redir_esc=y&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Since its establishment by the British in the 1920s, Iraq has witnessed the rise and fall of successive authoritarian regimes, competing ruthlessly for power and resources. This struggle culminated in the dictatorship of Saddam Husain, who still maintains his grip over a fragmented and increasingly isolated society. Tripp's book traces Iraq's political history from its nineteenth-century roots in the Ottoman empire, to the development of the state, its transformation from monarchy to republic and the rise of the Ba'th party and the ascendancy and current rule of Saddam Husain. This is a story of social conflict, of power struggles between rival clans, of hostility and wars with neighboring states, as well as of their aftermath, and Iraq's deteriorating relations with the West. A History of Iraq offers incisive analysis of the making of a modern state and how it creates its own distinctive politics. Charles Tripp is Professor of Politics with reference to the Middle East at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He is the General Editor of the Cambridge Middle East Studies Series and author of A History of Iraq (3rd Edition, CUP, 2007) and Islam and the Moral Economy: the challenge of capitalism (CUP, 2006).</div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="redir_esc" value="y"><input type=hidden name="id" value="WR-Cnw1UCJEC"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Search inside" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form><div id="preview-link"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&printsec=frontcover" class="primary"><span dir=ltr>Preview this book</span> »</a></div></div></td> </tr></table><div id="summary-second-column"></div></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="selected_pages_anchor"></a>Selected pages</h3><div id=selected_pages class=about_content><div id=selected_pages_v><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PR3&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PR3&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U3I-Eu0o6vGePJQOZw8jlfWipHx2w" alt="Title Page" title="Title Page" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PR3&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Title Page</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PA317&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PA317&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U0MZ8-Bb5_PKn5qaMfYdwtyXzOrtQ" alt="Index" title="Index" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PA317&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Index</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PA308&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PA308&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U2CEkuKiqhedE2VazYOuv9GMWCuLQ" alt="References" title="References" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PA308&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >References</a></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Ottoman provinces of Baghdad Basra and Mosul</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>8</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Ottoman reconquest of the three provinces</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>13</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Sultan Abdlhamid II and the Young Turks</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>20</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Committee of Union and Progress and its opponents</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>24</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The British Mandate</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>30</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>British occupation and reactions</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>31</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Iraqi revolt of 1920</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>40</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The institutional definition of the state</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>45</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Iraqi foreign policy under Qasim</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>163</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The politics of conspiracy and the coup detat of February 1963</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>167</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bathist control and loss of control in 1963</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>170</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Nasserist aspirations and Iraqi realities</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>175</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Patrimonialism and the rule of the clan</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>181</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>a weakening hold on power</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>185</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Bath and the rule of Saddam Husain</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>193</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Ahmad Hasan alBakr and the consolidation of power</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>194</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 1)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc0 style="display:none"><br>More</span><div id=toc_hd1><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Mandate and treaty</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>52</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>territory and oil</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>58</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Different communities different purposes different histories</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>61</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Emerging trends in politics and the economy</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>65</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Hashemite monarchy 193241</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>77</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Communal identities and tribal unrest</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>79</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Social criticism and political conspiracy</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>84</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The coup detat of 1936</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>88</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>panArabism and army conspiracies</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>94</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Iraq in the Second World War</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>99</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The coup detat of 1941 and the British military occupation</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>103</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Hashemite monarchy 194158</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>108</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Reestablishing the regime</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>110</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Thwarted liberalisation</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>114</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Arab issues Palestine and the Portsmouth Treaty</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>118</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Economic development and party politics</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>127</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>the politics of reform and repression</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>132</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>foreign initiatives and domestic challenges</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>139</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The coup detat of 1958</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>143</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The republic 195868</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>148</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>dictatorship and disillusion</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>149</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Kurdish and Shii challenges and relations with Iran</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>199</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Economic patronage political control and foreign policy alignments</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>205</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>War in Kurdistan</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>211</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Oil revenues foreign policies and the rise of Saddam Husain</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>214</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Saddam Husains presidency and the war with Iran in 1980</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>223</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Defending the regime and Iraq after 1982</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>235</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>A war of attrition 19848</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>238</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Resistance among the Kurds and the Shia</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>243</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The aftermath of war and the invasion of Kuwait 198890</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>248</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The war for Kuwait and the uprisings of 1991</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>253</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Iraq under sanctions and the long aftermath of the Gulf war</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>259</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The resilience of Saddam Husains regime</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>264</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Kurdish autonomy and Kurdish politics</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>271</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The limitations of opposition</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>275</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Conclusion</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>293</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Notes</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>298</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bibliography</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>307</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Further reading and research</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>313</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PA317&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2" ><span title="Index" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Index</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>317</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&printsec=copyright" ><span title="Copyright" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc1 style="display:none"><br>Less</span></div><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_setListSectionVisible']) {_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0);}</script></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="book_other_versions_anchor"></a>Other editions - <a href='https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=editions:ISBN052152900X&id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC'>View all</a></h3><div id=book_other_versions class=about_content><div id=book_other_versions_v><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=F6uvswEACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=F6uvswEACAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=F6uvswEACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3"><span dir=ltr>A History of Iraq</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Charles+Tripp%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Charles Tripp</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2002</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eVtgQgAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=eVtgQgAACAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eVtgQgAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3"><span dir=ltr>A History of Iraq</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Charles+Tripp%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Charles Tripp</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2000</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><script>(function () {var fn = window['_OC_WSBookList'] || window['_OC_BookList'];fn && fn('book_other_versions', [{"title":"A History of Iraq","authors":"Charles Tripp","bib_key":"ISBN:0521821487","pub_date":"27 May 2002","snippet":"In response to current events, Charles Tripp has updated his incisive book A History of Iraq to include developments as recent as mid-2002. Since its establishment by the ...","subject":"History","info_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=F6uvswEACAAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","preview_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=F6uvswEACAAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","thumbnail_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=F6uvswEACAAJ\u0026printsec=frontcover\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=1","num_pages":346,"viewability":4,"preview":"noview","embeddable":false,"my_ebooks_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fas_coll%3D7\u0026hl=en","can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},{"title":"A History of Iraq","authors":"Charles Tripp","bib_key":"ISBN:0521554047","pub_date":"26 Oct 2000","snippet":"The twentieth-century history of Iraq has been a troubled one. Since its establishment by the British in the 1920s, the country has witnessed the rise and fall of successive ...","subject":"History","info_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eVtgQgAACAAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","preview_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eVtgQgAACAAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","thumbnail_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=eVtgQgAACAAJ\u0026printsec=frontcover\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=1","num_pages":332,"viewability":4,"preview":"noview","embeddable":false,"my_ebooks_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fas_coll%3D7\u0026hl=en","can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false}]);})();</script></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id=word_cloud class=about_content><div id=word_cloud_v><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class=cloud><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Abd+al-Ilah&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Abd al-Ilah</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Abd+al-Salam+Arif&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Abd al-Salam Arif</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=administration&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>administration</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=al-Hashimi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>al-Hashimi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=allies&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>allies</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Arab+nationalist&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Arab nationalist</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Arab+world&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Arab world</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Arif&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Arif</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=associated&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>associated</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=autonomy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>autonomy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Ayatollah&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Ayatollah</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Ba%27th+Party&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Ba'th Party</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Baghdad&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Baghdad</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Ba%CA%BBthists&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Ba驶thists</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Bakr+Sidqi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Bakr Sidqi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Barzani&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Barzani</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Basra&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Basra</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=became&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>became</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Britain&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Britain</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=British&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>British</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=circles&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>circles</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=clan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>clan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=command&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>command</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=communists&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>communists</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=coup+d%27%C3%A9tat&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>coup d'茅tat</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=dominated&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>dominated</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=economic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>economic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=elite&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>elite</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=emerging&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>emerging</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=ensure&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>ensure</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=established&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>established</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=factions&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>factions</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Faisal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Faisal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=favour&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>favour</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=groups&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>groups</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Gulf&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Gulf</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Hasan+al-Bakr&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Hasan al-Bakr</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=history+of+Iraq&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>history of Iraq</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=increasingly&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>increasingly</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iran&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Iran</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iranian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Iranian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iraq&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Iraq</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iraq%27s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Iraq's</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iraqi+army&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Iraqi army</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iraqi+forces&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Iraqi forces</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iraqi+government&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Iraqi government</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iraqi+politics&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Iraqi politics</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Iraqi+society&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Iraqi society</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Islamic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Islamic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=king&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>king</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Kurdish&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Kurdish</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Kurdish+region&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Kurdish region</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Kurdistan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Kurdistan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Kurds&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Kurds</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Kuwait&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Kuwait</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=land&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>land</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=large+numbers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>large numbers</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=leaders&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>leaders</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=leadership&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>leadership</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=London&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>London</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=major&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>major</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=ment&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>ment</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Middle+East&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Middle East</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=military&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>military</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Mosul&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Mosul</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Muhammad&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Muhammad</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=mujtahids&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>mujtahids</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Najaf&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Najaf</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Nasserists&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Nasserists</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=networks&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>networks</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Nuri+al-Sa%27id&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Nuri al-Sa'id</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Nuri%27s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Nuri's</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=officer+corps&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>officer corps</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=opposition&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>opposition</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=organisations&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>organisations</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Ottoman&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Ottoman</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Palestine&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Palestine</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=pan-Arab&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>pan-Arab</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=patronage&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>patronage</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=prime+minister&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>prime minister</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Qasim&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Qasim</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Rashid&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Rashid</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=recognised&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>recognised</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=reform&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>reform</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=regent&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>regent</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=regime&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>regime</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=revolt&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>revolt</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=role&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>role</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Saddam+Husain&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Saddam Husain</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=sanctions&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>sanctions</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Sayyid&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Sayyid</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Shatt+al-%27Arab&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Shatt al-'Arab</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Shi%27a&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Shi'a</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Shi%27i&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Shi'i</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Shia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Shia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Shi%CA%BBa&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Shi驶a</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Shi%CA%BBi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Shi驶i</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=social&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>social</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Sulaiman&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Sulaiman</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Sunni+Arab&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Sunni Arab</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Syria&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Syria</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=three+provinces&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>three provinces</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=tion&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>tion</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=treaty&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>treaty</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=tribal+shaikhs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>tribal shaikhs</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&q=Yasin+al-Hashimi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Yasin al-Hashimi</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="citations_module_anchor"></a>References to this book</h3><div id=citations_module class=about_content><div id=citations_module_v><div class="left-column-outer"><div class="left-column-inner"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WxZ8m5RnrG0C&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=5" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WxZ8m5RnrG0C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WxZ8m5RnrG0C&printsec=references&vq=%22A+History+of+Iraq%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=5"><span dir=ltr>Establishing Law and Order After Conflict</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Seth+G.+Jones%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Seth G. Jones</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Jeremy+M.+Wilson%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Jeremy M. Wilson</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Andrew+Rathmell%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Andrew Rathmell</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22K.+Jack+Riley%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>K. Jack Riley</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2005</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=UbF9qEPYJsEC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=5" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=UbF9qEPYJsEC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=UbF9qEPYJsEC&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22A+History+of+Iraq%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=5"><span dir=ltr>The J Curve: A New Way to Understand Why Nations Rise and Fall</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ian+Bremmer%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Ian Bremmer</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2006</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><a class="secondary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=cites:ISBN052152900X&id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=5"><span dir=ltr>All Book Search results &raquo;</span></a></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div> </div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="about_author_anchor"></a>About the author <span style="color:#666; font-weight:normal">(2002)</span></h3><div id=about_author class=about_content><div id=about_author_v><div class=textmodulecontent>Charles Tripp is Professor of Politics with reference to the Middle East at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He is the General Editor of the Cambridge Middle East Studies Series and author of Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of Capitalism (2006) and The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East (2013). </div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>A History of Iraq</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Author</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Charles+Tripp%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Charles Tripp</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Edition</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>illustrated, reprint, revised</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Cambridge University Press, 2002</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>052152900X, 9780521529006</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>324 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">History</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Modern%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Modern</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Modern+20th+Century%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">20th Century</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Modern+20th+Century+General%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">General</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Asia+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Asia / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Middle East / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+Iraq%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Middle East / Iraq</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Modern+/+20th+Century+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Modern / 20th Century / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Political+Science+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Political Science / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Political+Science+/+International+Relations+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Political Science / International Relations / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Political+Science+/+Political+Process+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Political Science / Political Process / General</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td>&nbsp</td><td>&nbsp</td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/A_History_of_Iraq.bibtex?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/A_History_of_Iraq.enw?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/A_History_of_Iraq.ris?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&output=ris"><span dir=ltr>RefMan</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1, IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1, IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DWR-Cnw1UCJEC%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en"}, {"volume_id":"WR-Cnw1UCJEC","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC\u0026source=gbs_atb_hover","is_browsable":true,"is_public_domain":false}, {});</script><div id="footer_table" 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