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id="toc-Bonding_modes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carbonate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbonate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Carbonate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbonate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicarbonate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicarbonate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bicarbonate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicarbonate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Synthesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homoleptic_complexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homoleptic_complexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Homoleptic complexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homoleptic_complexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_and_natural_occurrence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_and_natural_occurrence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use and natural occurrence</span> </div> </a> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Co(en)2CO3)CL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%28Co%28en%292CO3%29CL.svg/220px-%28Co%28en%292CO3%29CL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%28Co%28en%292CO3%29CL.svg/330px-%28Co%28en%292CO3%29CL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%28Co%28en%292CO3%29CL.svg/440px-%28Co%28en%292CO3%29CL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="134" /></a><figcaption>Cobalt(III) carbonato complexes, like the chiral octahedral cation in this image, have been well studied.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Transition metal carbonate and bicarbonate complexes</b> are <a href="/wiki/Coordination_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordination compound">coordination compounds</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>) and <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</a> (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) as <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligands</a>. The inventory of complexes is large, enhanced by the fact that the carbonate ligand can bind metal ions in a variety of bonding modes.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They illustrate the fate of low valent complexes when exposed to air. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bonding_modes">Bonding modes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_carbonate_and_bicarbonate_complexes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bonding modes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carbonate">Carbonate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_carbonate_and_bicarbonate_complexes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Carbonate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MxCO3modes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MxCO3modes.svg/420px-MxCO3modes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MxCO3modes.svg/630px-MxCO3modes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MxCO3modes.svg/840px-MxCO3modes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="90" /></a><figcaption>Common bonding modes for carbonate ligands.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FUQCEZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/FUQCEZ.jpg/220px-FUQCEZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/FUQCEZ.jpg/330px-FUQCEZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/FUQCEZ.jpg/440px-FUQCEZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Structure for <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">(Cp<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Ti)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru2(CO3)4Cl2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ru2%28CO3%294Cl2.svg/220px-Ru2%28CO3%294Cl2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ru2%28CO3%294Cl2.svg/330px-Ru2%28CO3%294Cl2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ru2%28CO3%294Cl2.svg/440px-Ru2%28CO3%294Cl2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="138" /></a><figcaption>Structure of [Ru<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>5+</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Carbonate is a <a href="/wiki/Pseudohalide" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudohalide">pseudohalide</a> ligand. With a saturated pi-system, it has no pi-acceptor properties. With multiple electronegative elements, it is not strongly basic. The latter is consistent with the pK<sub>a</sub>’s of carbonic acid: pK<sub>1</sub> = 6.77 and pK<sub>2</sub> = 9.93. </p><p>To a single metal ion, carbonate is observed to bind in both unidentate (κ<sup>1</sup>-) and bidentate (κ<sup>2</sup>-) fashions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Covalent_bond_classification_method" title="Covalent bond classification method">covalent bond classification method</a>, κ<sup>1</sup>-carbonate is anX ligand and κ<sup>2</sup>-carbonate is an X<sub>2</sub> ligand. With two metals, the number of bonding modes increases because carbonate often serves as a <a href="/wiki/Bridging_ligand" title="Bridging ligand">bridging ligand</a>. It can span metal-metal bonds as in [Ru<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>5-</sup>, where again it functions as an (X)<sub>2</sub> ligand. More commonly all three oxygen centers bind, as illustrated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">[(C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Ti]<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>. In such cases, carbonate is an LX ligand, providing 3e<sup>-</sup> to each metal. More complicated motifs have been characterized by <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">X-ray crystallography</a> including {(VO)<sub>6</sub>(μ-OH)<sub>9</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>}<sup>5-</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicarbonate">Bicarbonate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_carbonate_and_bicarbonate_complexes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bicarbonate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MCO3Hmodes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/MCO3Hmodes.svg/220px-MCO3Hmodes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/MCO3Hmodes.svg/330px-MCO3Hmodes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/MCO3Hmodes.svg/440px-MCO3Hmodes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="85" /></a><figcaption>Bonding modes for bicarbonate ligands.</figcaption></figure> <p>The bonding modes of bicarbonate are more limited than those for carbonate, in part because it is less basic and in part because the proton occupies a metal-binding site. Typically bicarbonate is assumed to bind as an unidentate X ligand. Structural studies on such complexes are, however, rare.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_carbonate_and_bicarbonate_complexes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carbonato complexes are prepared by <a href="/wiki/Salt_metathesis_reaction" title="Salt metathesis reaction">salt metathesis reactions</a> using alkali metal carbonate salts as precursors. In some cases, bicarbonate intermediates are implicated since carbonate does not exist in appreciable concentrations near neutral pH. The other chief route to metal carbonato complexes involves addition of CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> to metal oxides. Such reactions may be catalyzed by water since the carbonation of metal hydroxides is particularly well established. Isotope labeling studies show that these reactions can proceed (and perhaps usually proceed) without scission of the M-OH bond (L = generic ligand): </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">[L<sub class="template-chem2-sub">n</sub>M−<sup class="template-chem2-sup">17</sup>OH]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">z</sup> + CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> → [L<sub class="template-chem2-sub">n</sub>M−<sup class="template-chem2-sup">17</sup>OCO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>H]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">z</sup></span></dd></dl> <p>Many esoteric routes have been demonstrated. For example, the deoxygenation of peroxycarbonate by tertiary phosphines: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Pt(PPh<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>CO) + PPh<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> → Pt(PPh<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CO) + OPPh<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span> (Ph = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)</dd></dl> <p>Carbon dioxide undergoes disproportionation upon reaction with low-valence metals.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_carbonate_and_bicarbonate_complexes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most fundamental reactivity of bicarbonate/carbonato complexes is their interconversion. This acid-base reaction has been examined mainly for unimolecular complexes. Such reactions are molecular versions of the familiar reaction of acids with carbonate minerals. </p><p>Protonation of carbonato complexes gives the corresponding bicarbonate. The structure of bicarbonate complex indicates that protonation occurs at the coordinated oxygen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process is the <a href="/wiki/Microscopic_reversibility" title="Microscopic reversibility">microscopic reverse</a> or the first step in the carbonation of metal hydroxides. Protonation of bicarbonate ligands results in loss of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> and formation of the metal hydroxide. Particularly well studied are the reactions of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">[Co(NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>(CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span> and its <a href="/wiki/Ethylenediamine" title="Ethylenediamine">ethylenediamine</a> analogue <a href="/wiki/Carbonatobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)_chloride" title="Carbonatobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride">carbonatobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Homoleptic_complexes">Homoleptic complexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_carbonate_and_bicarbonate_complexes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Homoleptic complexes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Few homoleptic carbonato complexes have been characterized. One is [Zr(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, featuring 8-ccordinate Zr(IV).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sodium_tris(carbonato)cobalt(III)" title="Sodium tris(carbonato)cobalt(III)">Tris(carbonato)cobalt(III)</a> ([Co(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>) is another example. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_and_natural_occurrence">Use and natural occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_carbonate_and_bicarbonate_complexes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use and natural occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metal carbonato and bicarbonate complexes are of no direct commercial importance. Several minerals are metal carbonates, and a few feature molecular carbonate complexes, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hellyerite" title="Hellyerite">hellyerite</a> ([Ni<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>.</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the biological sphere, zinc bicarbonate complexes are central intermediates in the action of the <a href="/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase" title="Carbonic anhydrase">carbonic anhydrase</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">[(imidazole)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>ZnOH]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup> + CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> ⇌ [(imidazole)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>ZnOCO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>H]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_carbonate_and_bicarbonate_complexes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Harris-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKrishnamurtyMc_Leod_HarrisSastri1970" class="citation journal cs1">Krishnamurty, Kotra V.; Mc Leod Harris, Gordon.; Sastri, Vedula S. 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"Reactions of [Ru(CO)CLH(Me<sub>2</sub>Hpz)(PR<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (Me<sub>2</sub>Hpz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazole; R = Ph, p-tolyl) with Acetylenes. The Crystal Structure of [Ru(CO)Cl(HC:CHCMe<sub>3</sub>)(Me<sub>2</sub>HPz)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] and [Ru(CO)(MeO<sub>2</sub>CC:CHCO<sub>2</sub>Me)(HCO<sub>3</sub>)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]". <i>Organometallics</i>. <b>7</b> (9): 1988–1993. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fom00099a014">10.1021/om00099a014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organometallics&rft.atitle=Reactions+of+%26%2391%3BRu%28CO%29CLH%28Me%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EHpz%29%28PR%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%29%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%26%2393%3B+%28Me%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EHpz+%3D+3%2C5-dimethylpyrazole%3B+R+%3D+Ph%2C+p-tolyl%29+with+Acetylenes.+The+Crystal+Structure+of+%26%2391%3BRu%28CO%29Cl%28HC%3ACHCMe%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%29%28Me%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EHPz%29%28PPh%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%29%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%26%2393%3B+and+%26%2391%3BRu%28CO%29%28MeO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3ECC%3ACHCO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EMe%29%28HCO%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%29%28PPh%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%29%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%26%2393%3B&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1988-1993&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fom00099a014&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Santos%2C+Amelia&rft.au=Vegas%2C+Angel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransition+metal+carbonate+and+bicarbonate+complexes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu_E._GorbunovaV._G._KuznetsovE._S._Kovaleva1968" class="citation journal cs1">Yu E. Gorbunova; V. G. Kuznetsov; E. S. Kovaleva (1968). "Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry". <i>Zh. Neorg. Khim. (Russ. J. Inorg. Chem.)</i>. <b>13</b>: 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zh.+Neorg.+Khim.+%28Russ.+J.+Inorg.+Chem.%29&rft.atitle=Russian+Journal+of+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=51&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Yu+E.+Gorbunova&rft.au=V.+G.+Kuznetsov&rft.au=E.+S.+Kovaleva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransition+metal+carbonate+and+bicarbonate+complexes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetteRinckeDinnebierVoigt2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bette, Sebastian; Rincke, Christine; Dinnebier, Robert E.; Voigt, Wolfgang (2016). "Crystal Structure and Hydrate Water Content of Synthetic Hellyerite, NiCO<sub>3</sub>·5.5H<sub>2</sub>O". <i>Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie</i>. <b>642</b> (9–10): 652–659. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fzaac.201600044">10.1002/zaac.201600044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Anorganische+und+Allgemeine+Chemie&rft.atitle=Crystal+Structure+and+Hydrate+Water+Content+of+Synthetic+Hellyerite%2C+NiCO%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%C2%B75.5H%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO&rft.volume=642&rft.issue=9%E2%80%9310&rft.pages=652-659&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fzaac.201600044&rft.aulast=Bette&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft.au=Rincke%2C+Christine&rft.au=Dinnebier%2C+Robert+E.&rft.au=Voigt%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransition+metal+carbonate+and+bicarbonate+complexes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSattlerParkin2012" class="citation journal cs1">Sattler, Wesley; Parkin, Gerard (2012). "Structural Characterization of Zinc Bicarbonate Compounds Relevant to the Mechanism of Action of Carbonic Anhydrase". <i>Chemical Science</i>. <b>3</b> (6): 2015. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fc2sc20167d">10.1039/c2sc20167d</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Science&rft.atitle=Structural+Characterization+of+Zinc+Bicarbonate+Compounds+Relevant+to+the+Mechanism+of+Action+of+Carbonic+Anhydrase&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2015&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fc2sc20167d&rft.aulast=Sattler&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft.au=Parkin%2C+Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransition+metal+carbonate+and+bicarbonate+complexes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coordination_complexes" title="Template:Coordination complexes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coordination_complexes" title="Template talk:Coordination complexes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coordination_complexes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coordination complexes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coordination_complexes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coordination_complex" title="Coordination complex">Coordination complexes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_hydride" title="Transition metal hydride">H<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrogen_complex" title="Dihydrogen complex">H<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_boryl_complex" title="Transition metal boryl complex">BR<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallaborane" title="Metallaborane">B<sub>m</sub>H<sub>n</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_alkyl_complexes" title="Transition metal alkyl complexes">R<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_acyl_complexes" title="Transition metal acyl complexes">RC(O)<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_formyl_complex" title="Transition metal formyl complex">HC(O)<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition-metal_allyl_complex" title="Transition-metal allyl complex">CH<sub>2</sub>＝CH-CH<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethylenemethane_complexes" title="Trimethylenemethane complexes">C(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_alkene_complex" title="Transition metal alkene complex">CH<sub>2</sub>＝CH<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_alkyne_complex" title="Transition metal alkyne complex">RC<sub>2</sub>R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_benzyne_complex" title="Transition metal benzyne complex">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanometalate" title="Cyanometalate">CN<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_carbonyl" title="Metal carbonyl">CO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_carbon_dioxide_complex" title="Metal carbon dioxide complex">CO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_carbide" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition metal carbide">C<sup>4-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_arene_complex" title="Transition metal arene complex">C<sub>6</sub>R<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_fullerene_complex" title="Transition metal fullerene complex">C<sub>60</sub> & C<sub>70</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_isocyanide_complexes" title="Transition metal isocyanide complexes">RNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_carbene_complex" title="Transition metal carbene complex">=CR<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_carbyne_complex" title="Transition metal carbyne complex">≡CR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallocene" title="Metallocene">C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_indenyl_complex" title="Transition metal indenyl complex">C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>7</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Si donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_silane_complexes" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition metal silane complexes">H<sub>n</sub>SiR<sub>4−n</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_silyl_complexes" title="Transition metal silyl complexes">R<sub>3</sub>Si<sup>−</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_ammine_complex" title="Metal ammine complex">NH<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_azide_complex" title="Transition metal azide complex">N<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_imidazole_complex" title="Transition metal imidazole complex">imidazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_nitrosyl_complex" title="Metal nitrosyl complex">NO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_nitroso_complexes" title="Transition metal nitroso complexes">RNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_nitrite_complex#Bonding_modes" title="Transition metal nitrite complex">NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_pyridine_complexes" title="Transition metal pyridine complexes">py</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_amino_acid_complexes" title="Transition metal amino acid complexes">amino acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_nitrido_complex" title="Metal nitrido complex">N<sup>3-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_imido_complex" title="Transition metal imido complex">RN<sup>2-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_nitrile_complexes" title="Transition metal nitrile complexes">RCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_2,2%27-bipyridine" title="Transition metal complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine">bipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_1,10-phenanthroline" title="Transition metal complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline">phen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_porphyrin_complexes" title="Transition metal porphyrin complexes">porphyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_bis(trimethylsilyl)amides" title="Metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amides">(Me<sub>3</sub>Si)<sub>2</sub>N<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex" title="Transition metal dinitrogen complex">N<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_thiocyanate" title="Transition metal complexes of thiocyanate"><i>N</i>CS<sup>-</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_phosphine_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal phosphine complex">PR<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_phosphido_complexes" title="Transition metal phosphido complexes">PR<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_phosphine_oxides#Secondary_phosphine_oxides_as_ligands" title="Transition metal complexes of phosphine oxides">PR<sub>2</sub>OH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_aquo_complex" title="Metal aquo complex">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_ether_complex" title="Transition metal ether complex">R<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_alkoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal alkoxide">RO<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_oxo_complex" title="Transition metal oxo complex">O<sup>2-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_dioxygen_complex" title="Transition metal dioxygen complex">O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_oxalate_complex" title="Transition metal oxalate complex">C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_carboxylate_complex" title="Transition metal carboxylate complex">RCO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_acetylacetonates" title="Metal acetylacetonates">acac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_aldehydes_and_ketones" title="Transition metal complexes of aldehydes and ketones">R<sub>2</sub>CO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_nitrite_complex" title="Transition metal nitrite complex">ONO<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_nitrate_complex" title="Transition metal nitrate complex">NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_perchlorate_complexes" title="Transition metal perchlorate complexes">ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_pyridine-N-oxides" title="Transition metal complexes of pyridine-N-oxides">C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_sulfoxide_complex" title="Transition metal sulfoxide complex">OSR<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_sulfate_complex" title="Transition metal sulfate complex">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_phosphate_complex" title="Transition metal phosphate complex">PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_phosphine_oxides" title="Transition metal complexes of phosphine oxides">OPR<sub>3</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_dithiocarbamate_complexes" title="Transition metal dithiocarbamate complexes">R<sub>2</sub>NCS<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_thiolate_complex" title="Transition metal thiolate complex">RS<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_thioether_complex" title="Transition metal thioether complex">R<sub>2</sub>S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_dithiolene_complex" title="Metal dithiolene complex">R<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_sulfur_dioxide_complex" title="Metal sulfur dioxide complex">SO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_thiosulfate_complex" title="Transition metal thiosulfate complex">S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_sulfoxide_complex" title="Transition metal sulfoxide complex">SR<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_thiocyanate" title="Transition metal complexes of thiocyanate">NC<i>S</i><sup>-</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Halide donors:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoro_complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluoro complex (page does not exist)">F<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difluorine_complex" title="Difluorine complex">F<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_chloride_complex" title="Transition metal chloride complex">Cl<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromo_complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromo complex (page does not exist)">Br<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodo_complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iodo complex (page does not exist)">I<sup>−</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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