Branching of Atlantic Water within the Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage: An estimate of recirculation

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html class="no-js" lang="en">  <head> <title>Branching of Atlantic Water within the Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage: An estimate of recirculation - NASA/ADS</title>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//styles/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//styles/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//styles/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="//styles/favicon/site.webmanifest" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//styles/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="NASA ADS" /> <meta name="application-name" content="NASA ADS" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/css/styles.css"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <link rel="canonical" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JGR...10020627M/abstract"/> <meta name="description" content="Atlantic Water (AW) supplies the largest source of heat, mass, and salt to the Arctic Ocean via Fram Strait (Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage), yet it represents only a fraction of the Atlantic Water that resides in the Greenland, Iceland, Norwegian, and Barents Seas. This is a result of both the branching of the central core of AW along its northward flow and the modification of its T-S signature through air-sea-ice interactions and internal mixing. This paper addresses the quantitative analysis of the three dominant Atlantic Water cores within Fram Strait and north of 76掳N using an 11-year (1977 to 1987) hydrographic database. Spatial variations of heat, volume, and salt along its flow path of some 600 km showed that the major core of Atlantic Water that directly enters the Arctic Ocean (Svalbard branch) did not extend past 20掳E. Of the 9719 km<SUP>3</SUP> of Atlantic Water existing within the region, one third resided within the Svalbard branch; the remainder, 22% and 45%, were held within the Return Atlantic Current and the Yermak branches, respectively. Restricting the analysis to a southern limit of 79掳N effectively removed the Return Atlantic Current and showed a nearly equal split between the two remaining branches. Work completed by Bourke et al. (1988) indicated that the Yermak branch is largely recirculated to the south; if true, this analysis supports Rudels' (1987) model estimate of a 50% recirculation of AW within this region.">  <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="Branching of Atlantic Water within the Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage: An estimate of recirculation"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NASA/ADS"> <meta property="og:description" content="Atlantic Water (AW) supplies the largest source of heat, mass, and salt to the Arctic Ocean via Fram Strait (Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage), yet it represents only a fraction of the Atlantic Water that resides in the Greenland, Iceland, Norwegian, and Barents Seas. This is a result of both the branching of the central core of AW along its northward flow and the modification of its T-S signature through air-sea-ice interactions and internal mixing. This paper addresses the quantitative analysis of the three dominant Atlantic Water cores within Fram Strait and north of 76掳N using an 11-year (1977 to 1987) hydrographic database. Spatial variations of heat, volume, and salt along its flow path of some 600 km showed that the major core of Atlantic Water that directly enters the Arctic Ocean (Svalbard branch) did not extend past 20掳E. Of the 9719 km<SUP>3</SUP> of Atlantic Water existing within the region, one third resided within the Svalbard branch; the remainder, 22% and 45%, were held within the Return Atlantic Current and the Yermak branches, respectively. Restricting the analysis to a southern limit of 79掳N effectively removed the Return Atlantic Current and showed a nearly equal split between the two remaining branches. Work completed by Bourke et al. (1988) indicated that the Yermak branch is largely recirculated to the south; if true, this analysis supports Rudels' (1987) model estimate of a 50% recirculation of AW within this region."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JGR...10020627M/abstract"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/styles/img/transparent_logo.svg"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="10/1995"> <meta property="article:author" content="Manley, T. O.">  <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Geophysical Research"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Manley, T. O."> <meta name="citation_title" content="Branching of Atlantic Water within the Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage: An estimate of recirculation"> <meta name="citation_date" content="10/1995"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="100"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="C10"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="20,627"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1029/95JC01251"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0148-0227"> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Oceanography: General: Arctic and Antarctic oceanography"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Oceanography: Physical: Upper ocean processes"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Oceanography: General: Analytical modeling"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Oceanography: Physical: Currents"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JGR...10020627M/abstract"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="10/1995"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="20,634" /> <link title="schema(PRISM)" rel="schema.prism" href="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/1.2/basic/" /> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="10/1995" /> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="JGR" /> <meta name="prism.issn" content="0148-0227" /> <meta name="prism.volume" content="100" /> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="20,627" /> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="20,634" /> <link title="schema(DC)" rel="schema.dc" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1029/95JC01251" /> <meta name="dc.date" content="10/1995" /> <meta name="dc.source" content="JGR" /> <meta name="dc.title" content="Branching of Atlantic Water within the Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage: An estimate of recirculation" /> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Manley, T. O.">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Atlantic Water (AW) supplies the largest source of heat, mass, and salt to the Arctic Ocean via Fram Strait (Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage), yet it represents only a fraction of the Atlantic Water that resides in the Greenland, Iceland, Norwegian, and Barents Seas. This is a result of both the branching of the central core of AW along its northward flow and the modification of its T-S signature through air-sea-ice interactions and internal mixing. This paper addresses the quantitative analysis of the three dominant Atlantic Water cores within Fram Strait and north of 76掳N using an 11-year (1977 to 1987) hydrographic database. Spatial variations of heat, volume, and salt along its flow path of some 600 km showed that the major core of Atlantic Water that directly enters the Arctic Ocean (Svalbard branch) did not extend past 20掳E. Of the 9719 km<SUP>3</SUP> of Atlantic Water existing within the region, one third resided within the Svalbard branch; the remainder, 22% and 45%, were held within the Return Atlantic Current and the Yermak branches, respectively. Restricting the analysis to a southern limit of 79掳N effectively removed the Return Atlantic Current and showed a nearly equal split between the two remaining branches. Work completed by Bourke et al. (1988) indicated that the Yermak branch is largely recirculated to the south; if true, this analysis supports Rudels' (1987) model estimate of a 50% recirculation of AW within this region."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Branching of Atlantic Water within the Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage: An estimate of recirculation"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@adsabs"/> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="NASA/ADS"/> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/styles/img/transparent_logo.svg"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@adsabs"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <base href="/"> <style> .btn-full-ads { color: #fff !important; background-color: #1a1a1a !important; border-color: #1a1a1a !important; margin-top: 9px !important; padding-bottom: 10px !important; padding-top: 10px !important; } .btn-full-ads:hover, .btn-full-ads:focus, .btn-full-ads:active, 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Branching of Atlantic Water within the Greenland-Spitsbergen Passage: An estimate of recirculation - NASA/ADS