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<span>Structure and content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_and_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Theology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Christology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Logos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacraments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacraments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Sacraments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sacraments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individualism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individualism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Individualism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individualism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-John_the_Baptist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_the_Baptist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>John the Baptist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_the_Baptist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gnosticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gnosticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Gnosticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gnosticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_other_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_other_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comparison with other writings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparison_with_other_writings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comparison with other writings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_other_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synoptic_gospels_and_Pauline_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synoptic_gospels_and_Pauline_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Synoptic gospels and Pauline literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synoptic_gospels_and_Pauline_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Johannine_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Johannine_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Johannine literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Johannine_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_reliability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_reliability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Historical reliability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_reliability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Representations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gospel of John</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 113 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelie_volgens_Johannes" title="Evangelie volgens Johannes – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Evangelie volgens Johannes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%90%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8C%E1%88%8D" title="የዮሐንስ ወንጌል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የዮሐንስ ወንጌል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7" title="إنجيل يوحنا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنجيل يوحنا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%99%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A2%DC%A2" title="ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanxeliu_de_Xuan" title="Evanxeliu de Xuan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Evanxeliu de Xuan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diosan_Suma_Arunacapa_San_Juan_Apostolon_Kellkata" title="Diosan Suma Arunacapa San Juan Apostolon Kellkata – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Diosan Suma Arunacapa San Juan Apostolon Kellkata" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ohann%C4%B1n_%C4%B0ncili" title="İohannın İncili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İohannın İncili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="সাধু যোহন লিখিত সুসমাচার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাধু যোহন লিখিত সুসমাচার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iok-h%C4%81n_Hok-im" title="Iok-hān Hok-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iok-hān Hok-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Паводле Іаана Святое Дабравесце – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паводле Іаана Святое Дабравесце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Эвангельле паводле Яна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эвангельле паводле Яна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Евангелие от Иоан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евангелие от Иоан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_noch_Johannes" title="Evangelium noch Johannes – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Evangelium noch Johannes" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%84%E0%BC%85%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D_%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D" title="༄༅།། ཡོ་ཧ་ནན་གྱིས་བྲིས་པའི་འཕྲིན་བཟང་བཞུགས་སོ།། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༄༅།། ཡོ་ཧ་ནན་གྱིས་བྲིས་པའི་འཕྲིན་བཟང་བཞུགས་སོ།།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%C4%91elje_po_Ivanu" title="Evanđelje po Ivanu – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Evanđelje po Ivanu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviel_Yann" title="Aviel Yann – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aviel Yann" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeli_segons_Joan" title="Evangeli segons Joan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evangeli segons Joan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_podle_Jana" title="Evangelium podle Jana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Evangelium podle Jana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolembedwa_ndi_Yohane" title="Wolembedwa ndi Yohane – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Wolembedwa ndi Yohane" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Efengyl_yn_%C3%B4l_Ioan" title="Yr Efengyl yn ôl Ioan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Efengyl yn ôl Ioan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesevangeliet" title="Johannesevangeliet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johannesevangeliet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_nach_Johannes" title="Evangelium nach Johannes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Evangelium nach Johannes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannese_evangeelium" title="Johannese evangeelium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johannese evangeelium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Κατά Ιωάννην Ευαγγέλιον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατά Ιωάννην Ευαγγέλιον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_de_Juan" title="Evangelio de Juan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evangelio de Juan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_la%C5%AD_Johano" title="Evangelio laŭ Johano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Evangelio laŭ Johano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanheliu_sig%C3%BAn_San_Huan" title="Ebanheliu sigún San Huan – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ebanheliu sigún San Huan" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanen_ebanjelioa" title="Joanen ebanjelioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joanen ebanjelioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7" title="انجیل یوحنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجیل یوحنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelii%C3%B0_eftir_J%C3%B3hannes" title="Evangeliið eftir Jóhannes – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Evangeliið eftir Jóhannes" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean" title="Évangile selon Jean – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évangile selon Jean" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeelje_fan_Jehannes" title="Evangeelje fan Jehannes – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Evangeelje fan Jehannes" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanzeli_seont_Zuan" title="Vanzeli seont Zuan – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vanzeli seont Zuan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soisc%C3%A9al_Eoin" title="Soiscéal Eoin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Soiscéal Eoin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanxeo_de_Xo%C3%A1n" title="Evanxeo de Xoán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evanxeo de Xoán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जुआवं परमाणें जेजू क्रिस्ताचें शुभवर्तमान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जुआवं परमाणें जेजू क्रिस्ताचें शुभवर्तमान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yok-hon-fuk-y%C3%AEm" title="Yok-hon-fuk-yîm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yok-hon-fuk-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%9C" title="요한의 복음서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요한의 복음서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisharar_Yahaya" title="Bisharar Yahaya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bisharar Yahaya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB" title="Ավետարան ըստ Հովհաննեսի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավետարան ըստ Հովհաննեսի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%C4%91elje_po_Ivanu" title="Evanđelje po Ivanu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Evanđelje po Ivanu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Yohanes" title="Injil Yohanes – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Injil Yohanes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_secundo_Johannes" title="Evangelio secundo Johannes – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Evangelio secundo Johannes" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johane" title="Johane – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Johane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3hannesargu%C3%B0spjall" title="Jóhannesarguðspjall – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jóhannesarguðspjall" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangelo_secondo_Giovanni" title="Vangelo secondo Giovanni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vangelo secondo Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%9F" title="הבשורה על-פי יוחנן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבשורה על-פי יוחנן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Yohanes" title="Injil Yohanes – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Injil Yohanes" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="იოანეს სახარება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოანეს სახარება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewaniel%C3%ABj%C3%B4_Jana" title="Ewanielëjô Jana – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ewanielëjô Jana" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitabo_cya_Yohana" title="Igitabo cya Yohana – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igitabo cya Yohana" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injili_ya_Yohane" title="Injili ya Yohane – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Injili ya Yohane" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan" title="Jan – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_secundum_Ioannem" title="Evangelium secundum Ioannem – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evangelium secundum Ioannem" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81%C5%86a_eva%C5%86%C4%A3%C4%93lijs" title="Jāņa evaņģēlijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jāņa evaņģēlijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelija_pagal_Jon%C4%85" title="Evangelija pagal Joną – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Evangelija pagal Joną" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Evangel_del_Giuan" title="L'Evangel del Giuan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="L'Evangel del Giuan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_evang%C3%A9liuma" title="János evangéliuma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="János evangéliuma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Евангелие според Јован – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Евангелие според Јован" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjely_araka_an%27_i_Joany" title="Evanjely araka an' i Joany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Evanjely araka an' i Joany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="യോഹന്നാൻ എഴുതിയ സുവിശേഷം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യോഹന്നാൻ എഴുതിയ സുവിശേഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7" title="انجيل يوحنا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجيل يوحنا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Yohanes" title="Injil Yohanes – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Injil Yohanes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3k-h%C3%A2ng_H%C3%B3k_%C4%ACng" title="Iók-hâng Hók Ĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iók-hâng Hók Ĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иохан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иохан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရှင်ယောဟန်ခရစ်ဝင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှင်ယောဟန်ခရစ်ဝင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Tukutuku-vinaka_sa_vola_ko_Jone" title="Ai Tukutuku-vinaka sa vola ko Jone – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ai Tukutuku-vinaka sa vola ko Jone" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelie_volgens_Johannes" title="Evangelie volgens Johannes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Evangelie volgens Johannes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%9B%B8" title="ヨハネによる福音書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネによる福音書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliet_etter_Johannes" title="Evangeliet etter Johannes – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Evangeliet etter Johannes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliet_etter_Johannes" title="Evangeliet etter Johannes – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Evangeliet etter Johannes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evang%C3%A8li_segon_Joan" title="Evangèli segon Joan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Evangèli segon Joan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_segun_Huan" title="Evangelio segun Huan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Evangelio segun Huan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vangile_eslon_Jean" title="Évangile eslon Jean – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Évangile eslon Jean" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesevangelium" title="Johannesevangelium – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Johannesevangelium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewangelia_Jana" title="Ewangelia Jana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ewangelia Jana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelho_segundo_Jo%C3%A3o" title="Evangelho segundo João – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evangelho segundo João" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Evanelia_a_Ioane_Ra" title="Te Evanelia a Ioane Ra – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Te Evanelia a Ioane Ra" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanghelia_dup%C4%83_Ioan" title="Evanghelia după Ioan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evanghelia după Ioan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwanpa_qillqasqan" title="Huwanpa qillqasqan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Huwanpa qillqasqan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Евангелие от Иоанна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евангелие от Иоанна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_le_Evagelia_a_Ioane" title="O le Evagelia a Ioane – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="O le Evagelia a Ioane" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یوحنا دی انجیل – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="یوحنا دی انجیل" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungjilli_i_Gjonit" title="Ungjilli i Gjonit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ungjilli i Gjonit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancelu_di_Giuvanni" title="Vancelu di Giuvanni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vancelu di Giuvanni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Gospel of John" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gospel of John" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livangeli_laJesu_Khristu_Ngekulandzisa_Kwa-Johane" title="Livangeli laJesu Khristu Ngekulandzisa Kwa-Johane – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Livangeli laJesu Khristu Ngekulandzisa Kwa-Johane" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelium_pod%C4%BEa_J%C3%A1na" title="Evanjelium podľa Jána – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Evanjelium podľa Jána" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelij_po_Janezu" title="Evangelij po Janezu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evangelij po Janezu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ئینجیلی یۆحەنا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینجیلی یۆحەنا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Јеванђеље по Јовану – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јеванђеље по Јовану" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%C4%91elje_po_Ivanu" title="Evanđelje po Ivanu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Evanđelje po Ivanu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evankeliumi_Johanneksen_mukaan" title="Evankeliumi Johanneksen mukaan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Evankeliumi Johanneksen mukaan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesevangeliet" title="Johannesevangeliet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannesevangeliet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="யோவான் நற்செய்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யோவான் நற்செய்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="พระวรสารนักบุญยอห์น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระวรสารนักบุญยอห์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuhanna_%C4%B0ncili" title="Yuhanna İncili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yuhanna İncili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohane" title="Yohane – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Yohane" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Євангеліє від Івана – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Євангеліє від Івана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یوحنا کی انجیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوحنا کی انجیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%87%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%DB%87%D8%B4_%D8%AE%DB%95%DB%8B%DB%95%D8%B1" title="يۇھاننا بايان قىلغان خۇش خەۋەر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يۇھاننا بايان قىلغان خۇش خەۋەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_%C3%82m_Gioan" title="Phúc Âm Gioan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phúc Âm Gioan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evandj%C3%AEle_sint_Djhan" title="Evandjîle sint Djhan – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Evandjîle sint Djhan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="约翰福音 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰福音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ch%C3%ACnrere_J%C3%B2h%C3%A1n%C3%B9" title="Ìhìnrere Jòhánù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìhìnrere Jòhánù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="約翰福音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約翰福音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Book of the New Testament</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the book in the New Testament. For the films, see <a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2003_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2003 film)">The Gospel of John (2003 film)</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2014_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2014 film)">The Gospel of John (2014 film)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"John (book)" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/John_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="John (disambiguation)">John (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Book of John" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Book_of_John_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Book of John (disambiguation)">Book of John (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine epistles</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P52_recto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P52_recto.jpg/220px-P52_recto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P52_recto.jpg/330px-P52_recto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/P52_recto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>John 18:31–33 on <a href="/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52" title="Rylands Library Papyrus P52">Papyrus 52</a> (<i>recto</i>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 150</span>).</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament" title="Category:New Testament">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;">Books of the<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/120px-P46.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/180px-P46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/240px-P46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="819" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Papyrus 46, one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a>, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles_(genre)" title="Acts of the Apostles (genre)">Acts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Four Evangelists</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Lukan Acts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic epistles</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Apocalypse</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Luke-Acts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Johannine works</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles" title="Authorship of the Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrine epistles">Petrine epistles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_manuscript" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament manuscript">New Testament manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">epistles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral epistles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddddff;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/16px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/24px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Template talk:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Followers_of_Jesus" title="Category:Followers of Jesus">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">John in the Bible</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""St John the Evangelist" by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri), 1620s"><img alt=""St John the Evangelist" by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri), 1620s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/180px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/270px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/360px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4569" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Evangelist_(Domenichino)" title="Saint John the Evangelist (Domenichino)">Saint John the Evangelist</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Beloved disciple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Presbyter" title="John the Presbyter">Presbyter</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_John" title="Acts of John">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_John_in_Rome" title="Acts of John in Rome">Acts in Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signs_Gospel" title="Signs Gospel">Signs Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Johannine_literature" title="Holy Spirit in Johannine literature">Holy Spirit in Johannine literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">John's vision of the Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_John" title="New Testament people named John">New Testament people named John</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John" title="Template:John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John" title="Template talk:John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gospel of John</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Euangélion katà Iōánnēn</i></span>) is the fourth of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>'s four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Gospels">canonical Gospels</a>. It contains a highly schematic account of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry of Jesus</a>, with seven "signs" culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">raising of Lazarus</a> (foreshadowing the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a>) and seven "<a href="/wiki/I_am_(biblical_term)" title="I am (biblical term)">I am</a>" discourses (concerned with issues of the <a href="/wiki/Split_of_early_Christianity_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Split of early Christianity and Judaism">church–synagogue debate</a> at the time of composition)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindars199053_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindars199053-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> culminating in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a>'s proclamation of the risen Jesus as "my Lord and my God".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington200483_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington200483-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gospel's concluding verses set out its purpose, "that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002215_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002215-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John reached its final form around AD 90–110,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELincoln200518_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELincoln200518-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it contains signs of origins dating back to AD 70 and possibly even earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendricks2007147_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendricks2007147-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the three other gospels, it is anonymous, although it identifies an unnamed "<a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">disciple whom Jesus loved</a>" as the source of its traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish201113_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddish201113-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002214_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002214-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It most likely arose within a "<a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish201141_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddish201141-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBynum201215_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBynum201215-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and – as it is closely related in style and content to the three <a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine epistles</a> – most scholars treat the four books, along with the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>, as a single corpus of <a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a>, albeit not by the same author.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006479_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006479-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authorship">Authorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Authorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works#Gospel_of_John" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship of the Johannine works § Gospel of John</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gospel of John, like all the gospels, is anonymous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Day1998381_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Day1998381-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John 21:22<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> references a <a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">disciple whom Jesus loved</a> and John 21:24–25<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> says: "This is the disciple who is testifying to these things and has written them, and we know that his testimony is true".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish201141_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddish201141-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early Christian tradition, first found in <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 130</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 202</span> AD), identified this disciple with <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a>, but most scholars have abandoned this hypothesis or hold it only tenuously;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindarsEdwardsCourt200041_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindarsEdwardsCourt200041-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are multiple reasons for this conclusion, including, for example, the fact that the gospel is written in good Greek and displays sophisticated theology, and is therefore unlikely to have been the work of a simple fisherman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly2012115_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly2012115-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather, these verses imply that the core of the gospel relies on the testimony (perhaps written) of the "disciple who is testifying", as collected, preserved, and reshaped by a community of followers (the "we" of the passage), and that a single follower (the "I") rearranged this material and perhaps added the final chapter and other passages to produce the final gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish201141_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddish201141-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most scholars estimate the final form of the text to be around AD 90–110.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELincoln200518_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELincoln200518-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given its complex history there may have been more than one place of composition, and while the author was familiar with Jewish customs and traditions, their frequent clarification of these implies that they wrote for a mixed Jewish/Gentile or Jewish context outside <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The author may have drawn on a "signs source" (a collection of miracles) for chapters 1–12, a "passion source" for the story of Jesus's arrest and crucifixion, and a "sayings source" for the discourses, but these hypotheses are much debated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish2011187–188_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddish2011187–188-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author seems to have known some version of Mark and Luke, as John shares with them some vocabulary and clusters of incidents arranged in the same order,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELincoln200529–30_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELincoln200529–30-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but key terms from those gospels are absent or nearly so, implying that if the author did know them they felt free to write independently.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hebrew scriptures were an important source,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValantasisBleyleHaugh200914_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValantasisBleyleHaugh200914-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 14 direct quotations (versus 27 in Mark, 54 in Matthew, 24 in Luke), and their influence is vastly increased when allusions and echoes are included,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYu_Chui_Siang_Lau2010159_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYu_Chui_Siang_Lau2010159-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the majority of John's direct quotations do not agree exactly with any known version of the Jewish scriptures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenken199611–13_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenken199611–13-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent arguments by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bauckham" title="Richard Bauckham">Richard Bauckham</a> and others that John preserves eyewitness testimony have not won general acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEve2016135_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEve2016135-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorterFay201841_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorterFay201841-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting:_the_Johannine_community_debate">Setting: the Johannine community debate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Setting: the Johannine community debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For much of the 20th century, scholars interpreted the Gospel of John within the paradigm of a hypothetical "<a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELamb20142_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELamb20142-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that it was held to have sprung from a late-1st-century Christian community excommunicated from the Jewish synagogue (probably meaning the Jewish community)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200570_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200570-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on account of its belief in Jesus as the promised messiah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger200672_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger200672-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This interpretation, which saw the community as essentially sectarian and outside the mainstream of early Christianity, has been increasingly challenged in the first decades of the 21st century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELamb20142–3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELamb20142–3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is currently considerable debate over the gospel's social, religious and historical context.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBynum20127,_12_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBynum20127,_12-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the Johannine literature as a whole (made up of the gospel, the three Johannine epistles, and Revelation), points to a community holding itself distinct from the Jewish culture from which it arose while cultivating an intense devotion to Jesus as the definitive revelation of a God with whom they were in close contact through the <a href="/wiki/Paraclete" title="Paraclete">Paraclete</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttridge2008125_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttridge2008125-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_content">Structure and content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Structure and content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Structure_and_content"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg/220px-Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg/330px-Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg/440px-Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Jesus giving the <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a> to his 11 remaining disciples, from the <a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_of_Duccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Maestà of Duccio">Maestà of Duccio</a>, 1308–1311</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Prologue_to_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Prologue to John">Prologue to John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Signs" title="Book of Signs">Book of Signs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_21" title="John 21">John 21</a></div> <p>The majority of scholars see four sections in the Gospel of John: a <a href="/wiki/Prologue_to_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Prologue to John">prologue</a> (1:1–18); an account of the ministry, often called the "<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Signs" title="Book of Signs">Book of Signs</a>" (1:19–12:50); the account of Jesus's final night with his disciples and the passion and resurrection, sometimes called the <b>Book of Glory</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloney199823_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloney199823-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Book of Exaltation</b> (13:1–20:31);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger2015168_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger2015168-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a conclusion (20:30–31); to these is added an epilogue that most scholars believe was not part of the original text (Chapter 21).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloney199823_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloney199823-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disagreement does exist; some scholars, including Bauckham, argue that John 21 was part of the original work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2008126_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2008126-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The prologue informs readers of the true identity of Jesus, the Word of God through whom the world was created and who took on human form;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune2003245_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2003245-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he came to the Jews and the Jews rejected him, but "to all who received him (the circle of Christian believers), who believed in his name, he gave power to become children of God."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune2003246_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2003246-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Book of Signs (ministry of Jesus): Jesus calls his disciples and begins his earthly ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt200810_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt200810-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He travels from place to place informing his hearers about God the Father in long discourses, offering eternal life to all who will believe, and performing miracles that prove the authenticity of his teachings, which creates tensions with the religious authorities (manifested as early as 5:17–18), who decide he must be eliminated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt200810_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt200810-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruse200417_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruse200417-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Book of Glory tells of Jesus's return to his heavenly father: it tells how he prepares his disciples for their lives without his physical presence and his prayer for himself and for them, followed by his betrayal, arrest, trial, crucifixion and post-resurrection appearances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruse200417_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruse200417-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The conclusion sets out the purpose of the gospel, which is "that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chapter 21, the addendum, tells of Jesus's post-resurrection appearances in Galilee, the <a href="/wiki/Miraculous_catch_of_fish" title="Miraculous catch of fish">miraculous catch of fish</a>, the prophecy of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">crucifixion of Peter</a>, and the fate of the <a href="/wiki/Beloved_Disciple" class="mw-redirect" title="Beloved Disciple">Beloved Disciple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The structure is highly schematic: there are seven "signs" culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">raising of Lazarus</a> (foreshadowing the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a>), and seven "I am" sayings and discourses, culminating in Thomas's proclamation of the risen Jesus as "my Lord and my God" (the same title, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">dominus et deus</i></span>, claimed by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a>, an indication of the date of composition).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington200483_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington200483-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P52_recto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P52_recto.jpg/220px-P52_recto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P52_recto.jpg/330px-P52_recto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/P52_recto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52" title="Rylands Library Papyrus P52">Rylands Papyrus</a> is the oldest known New Testament fragment, dated to about 125–175 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christology">Christology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Christology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></div> <p>Scholars agree that while the Gospel of John clearly regards Jesus as divine, it just as clearly subordinates him to the one God.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200553_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200553-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">James Dunn</a>, this Christology does not describe a subordinationist relation but rather the authority and validity of the Son's "revelation" of the Father, the continuity between the Father and the Son. Dunn sees this as intended to serve the Logos Christology,<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Loke" title="Andrew Loke">Andrew Loke</a>) see it as connected to John's <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">incarnation</a> theme.<sup id="cite_ref-Loke_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loke-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> developed only slowly through the merger of Hebrew monotheism and the idea of the messiah, Greek ideas of the relationship between God, the world, and the mediating Saviour, and the Egyptian concept of the three-part divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillar2012132_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillar2012132-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But while the developed doctrine of the Trinity is not explicit in the books that constitute the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, the New Testament possesses a <a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">triadic</a> understanding of God<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado201099–110_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado201099–110-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and contains a number of <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formulas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanuariy201399_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanuariy201399-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John's "high Christology" depicts Jesus as divine and preexistent, defends him against Jewish claims that he was "making himself equal to God",<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200551_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200551-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and talks openly about his divine role and echoing <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I Am that I Am</a>" with seven "<a href="/wiki/I_am_(biblical_term)" title="I am (biblical term)">I Am</a>" declarations of his own.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006302–10_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006302–10-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time there is a stress like that in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> on the physical continuity of Jesus's resurrected body, as Jesus tells <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a>: "Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECullmann196511_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECullmann196511-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logos">Logos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Logos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos (Christianity)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">John 1:1</a> and <a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">In the beginning (phrase)</a></div> <p>In the prologue, the gospel identifies Jesus as the <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a> or Word. In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Ancient Greek philosophy</a>, the term <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">logos</a></i></span> meant the principle of cosmic reason.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreene2004p37-_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreene2004p37--62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this sense, it was similar to the Hebrew concept of <a href="/wiki/Sophia_(wisdom)" title="Sophia (wisdom)">Wisdom</a>, God's companion and intimate helper in creation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2015350–351_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2015350–351-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Jewish</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a> merged these two themes when he described the Logos as God's creator of and mediator with the material world. According to <a href="/wiki/Stephen_L._Harris" title="Stephen L. Harris">Stephen Harris</a>, the gospel adapted Philo's description of the Logos, applying it to Jesus, the <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">incarnation</a> of the Logos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006302–310_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006302–310-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another possibility is that the title <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logos</i></span> is based on the concept of the divine Word found in the <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targums</a> (Aramaic translation/interpretations recited in the synagogue after the reading of the Hebrew Scriptures). In the Targums (which all postdate the first century but which give evidence of preserving early material), the concept of the divine Word was used in a manner similar to Philo, namely, for God's interaction with the world (starting from creation) and especially with his people. Israel, for example, was saved from Egypt by action of "the Word of the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>", and both Philo and the Targums envision the Word as manifested between the cherubim and the Holy of Holies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERonning2010_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERonning2010-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross">Cross</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The portrayal of Jesus's death in John is unique among the gospels. It does not appear to rely on the kinds of atonement theology indicative of vicarious sacrifice<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but rather presents Jesus's death as his glorification and return to the Father. Likewise, the Synoptic Gospels' three "passion predictions"<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are replaced by three instances of Jesus explaining how he will be exalted or "lifted up".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The verb for "lifted up" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ὑψωθῆναι</span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hypsōthēnai</i></span>) reflects the <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendre</a> at work in John's theology of the cross, for Jesus is both physically elevated from the earth at the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a> but also, at the same time, exalted and glorified.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKysar2007a49–54_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKysar2007a49–54-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacraments">Sacraments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sacraments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacrament</a></div> <p>Scholars disagree on whether and how frequently John refers to <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a>, but current scholarly opinion is that there are very few such possible references, and that if they exist they are limited to <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015b83–84_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015b83–84-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, there is no institution of the Eucharist in John's account of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> (it is replaced by Jesus washing the feet of his disciples), and no New Testament text that unambiguously links baptism with rebirth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015b89,94_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015b89,94-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individualism">Individualism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Individualism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compared to the synoptic gospels, John is markedly individualistic, in the sense that it places emphasis more on the individual's relation to Jesus than on the corporate nature of the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is largely accomplished through the consistently singular grammatical structure of various aphoristic sayings of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emphasis on believers coming into a new group upon their conversion is conspicuously absent from John,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is a theme of "personal coinherence", that is, the intimate personal relationship between the believer and Jesus in which the believer "abides" in Jesus and Jesus in the believer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John's individualistic tendencies could give rise to a <a href="/wiki/Realized_eschatology" title="Realized eschatology">realized eschatology</a> achieved on the level of the individual believer, but this realized eschatology is not to replace "orthodox", futurist eschatological expectations, but to be "only [their] correlative".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1962174_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1962174-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_the_Baptist">John the Baptist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: John the Baptist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></div> <p>John's account of John the Baptist is different from that of the synoptic gospels. In this gospel, John is not called "the Baptist."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone2005_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone2005-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John the Baptist's ministry overlaps with <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">that of Jesus</a>; his <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">baptism of Jesus</a> is not explicitly mentioned, but his witness to Jesus is unambiguous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone2005_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone2005-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evangelist almost certainly knew the story of John's baptism of Jesus, and makes a vital theological use of it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett197816_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett197816-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He subordinates John to Jesus, perhaps in response to members of John's sect who regarded the Jesus movement as an offshoot of theirs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Gospel of John, Jesus and his disciples go to Judea early in Jesus's ministry before John the Baptist was imprisoned and executed by <a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a>. He leads a ministry of baptism larger than John's own. The <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Seminar" title="Jesus Seminar">Jesus Seminar</a> rated this account as black, containing no historically accurate information.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunk1998365–440_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunk1998365–440-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the biblical historians at the Jesus Seminar, John likely had a larger presence in the public mind than Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunk1998268_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunk1998268-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gnosticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Gnosticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Gnosticism">Christian Gnosticism</a></div> <p>In the first half of the 20th century, many scholars, especially <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Bultmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph Bultmann">Rudolph Bultmann</a>, argued that the Gospel of John has elements in common with <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian Gnosticism did not fully develop until the mid-2nd century, and so 2nd-century <a href="/wiki/Proto-orthodox_Christianity" title="Proto-orthodox Christianity">Proto-Orthodox Christians</a> concentrated much effort in examining and refuting it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson199936_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson199936-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To say the Gospel of John contained elements of Gnosticism is to assume that Gnosticism had developed to a level that required the author to respond to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKysar200588ff_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKysar200588ff-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bultmann, for example, argued that the opening theme of the Gospel of John, the preexisting Logos, along with John's duality of light versus darkness, were originally Gnostic themes that John adopted. Other scholars (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Raymond E. Brown</a>) have argued that the preexisting Logos theme arises from the more ancient Jewish writings in the eighth chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Book of Proverbs</a>, and was fully developed as a theme in Hellenistic Judaism by <a href="/wiki/Philo_Judaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Philo Judaeus">Philo Judaeus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> at <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> verified the Jewish nature of these concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharlesworth201042_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharlesworth201042-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/April_DeConick" title="April DeConick">April DeConick</a> suggested reading John 8:56 in support of a Gnostic theology,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeConick201613–_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeConick201613–-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but recent scholarship has cast doubt on her reading.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELlewelynRobinsonWassell201814–23_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELlewelynRobinsonWassell201814–23-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gnostics read John but interpreted it differently from non-Gnostics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMost2005121ff_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMost2005121ff-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gnosticism taught that salvation came from <i><a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">gnosis</a></i>, secret knowledge, and Gnostics saw Jesus as not a savior but a revealer of knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkarsaune2008247ff_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkarsaune2008247ff-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gospel teaches that salvation can be achieved only through revealed wisdom, specifically belief in (literally belief <em>into</em>) Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindars199062_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindars199062-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John's picture of a supernatural savior who promised to return to take those who believed in him to a heavenly dwelling could be fitted into Gnostic views.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997375_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997375-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that similarities between the Gospel of John and Gnosticism may spring from common roots in Jewish <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovacs1995_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovacs1995-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_writings">Comparison with other writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Comparison with other writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._John_the_Evangelist_(Rabbula_Gospels).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/St._John_the_Evangelist_%28Rabbula_Gospels%29.png/160px-St._John_the_Evangelist_%28Rabbula_Gospels%29.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/St._John_the_Evangelist_%28Rabbula_Gospels%29.png/240px-St._John_the_Evangelist_%28Rabbula_Gospels%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/St._John_the_Evangelist_%28Rabbula_Gospels%29.png/320px-St._John_the_Evangelist_%28Rabbula_Gospels%29.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="1130" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac Christian</a> rendition of St. John the Evangelist, from the <a href="/wiki/Rabbula_Gospels" title="Rabbula Gospels">Rabbula Gospels</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synoptic_gospels_and_Pauline_literature">Synoptic gospels and Pauline literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Synoptic gospels and Pauline literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gospel of John is significantly different from the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">synoptic gospels</a> in the selection of its material, its theological emphasis, its chronology, and literary style, with some of its discrepancies amounting to contradictions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–237_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–237-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following are some examples of their differences in just one area, that of the material they include in their narratives:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger2013unpaginated_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger2013unpaginated-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Material unique to the synoptic gospels</th> <th>Material unique to the fourth gospel </th></tr> <tr> <td>Narrative parables</td> <td>Symbolic discourses </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Logia" title="Logia">Logia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chreia" title="Chreia">Chreia</a></td> <td>Dialogues and monologues </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Secret" title="Messianic Secret">Messianic Secret</a></td> <td>Overt messianism </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sadducees, elders, lawyers</td> <td>The "<a href="/wiki/Ioudaios" title="Ioudaios">Ioudaios</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Washing of the Feet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Gospel of the Kingdom</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Spiritual rebirth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Consistent_eschatology" title="Consistent eschatology">Consistent eschatology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Realized_eschatology" title="Realized eschatology">Realized eschatology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">John baptizing Jesus</a></td> <td>John witnessing Jesus </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Christianity" title="Exorcism in Christianity">Exorcism of demons</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany#Raising_of_Lazarus" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Raising of Lazarus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_Hades" title="Christian views on Hades">Hades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Hinnom_(Gehenna)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Hinnom (Gehenna)">Gehenna</a></td> <td>No mention of hell </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_1#Hymn_to_the_Word" title="John 1">"Hymn to the Word"</a> prologue </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a></td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Monogen%C4%93s" title="Monogenēs">The only-begotten god</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation of Jesus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb of God</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></td> <td>Seven "I Am" declarations </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration of Jesus</a></td> <td>Promise of the <a href="/wiki/Paraclete" title="Paraclete">Paraclete</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas#Gospel_account" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the Synoptics, the ministry of Jesus takes a single year, but in John it takes three, as evidenced by references to three Passovers. Events are not all in the same order: the date of the crucifixion is different, as is the time of Jesus' anointing in Bethany and the <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">cleansing of the Temple</a>, which occurs in the beginning of Jesus' ministry rather than near its end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many incidents from John, such as the wedding in Cana, the encounter of Jesus with the Samaritan woman at the well, and the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">raising of Lazarus</a>, are not paralleled in the synoptics, and most scholars believe the author drew these from an independent source called the "<a href="/wiki/Signs_gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Signs gospel">signs gospel</a>", the speeches of Jesus from a second "discourse" source,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017168_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017168-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the prologue from an early hymn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1993109_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1993109-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gospel makes extensive use of the Jewish scriptures:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017168_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017168-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John quotes from them directly, references important figures from them, and uses narratives from them as the basis for several of the discourses. The author was also familiar with non-Jewish sources: the Logos of the prologue (the Word that is with God from the beginning of creation), for example, was derived from both the Jewish concept of Lady Wisdom and from the Greek philosophers, John 6 alludes not only to <a href="/wiki/The_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="The exodus">the exodus</a> but also to Greco-Roman mystery cults, and John 4 alludes to <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritan</a> messianic beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017171_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017171-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John lacks scenes from the Synoptics such as Jesus's baptism,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the calling of the Twelve, exorcisms, parables, and the Transfiguration. Conversely, it includes scenes not found in the Synoptics, including Jesus turning water into wine at the wedding at Cana, the resurrection of Lazarus, Jesus washing the feet of his disciples, and multiple visits to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fourth gospel, Jesus's mother <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> is mentioned in three passages but not named.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamson2004265_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamson2004265-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaels1971733_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaels1971733-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John does assert that Jesus was known as the "son of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a>" in <a href="/wiki/John_6:42" class="mw-redirect" title="John 6:42">6:42</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For John, Jesus's town of origin is irrelevant, for he comes from beyond this world, from <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While John makes no direct mention of Jesus's baptism,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he does quote <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>'s description of the descent of the Holy Spirit as a <a href="/wiki/Dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove">dove</a>, as happens at Jesus's baptism in the Synoptics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZanzig1999118_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZanzig1999118-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198825–27_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198825–27-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major synoptic speeches of Jesus are absent, including the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagels2003_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels2003-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">exorcisms of demons</a> are not mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2006184_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2006184-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John does not list the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Disciples" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Disciples">Twelve Disciples</a> and names at least one disciple, <a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a>, whose name is not found in the Synoptics. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a> is given a personality beyond a mere name, described as "<a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMost200580_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMost200580-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesus is identified with the Word ("<a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a>"), and the Word is identified with <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">theos</i></span> ("god" in Greek);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Synoptics make no such identification.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarson1991117_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarson1991117-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mark, Jesus urges his disciples to keep his divinity secret, but in John he is very open in discussing it, even calling himself "I AM", the title God gives himself in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a> at his self-revelation to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>. In the Synoptics, the chief theme is the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Kingdom of God (Christianity)">Kingdom of God</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Heaven (Gospel of Matthew)">Kingdom of Heaven</a> (the latter specifically in Matthew), while John's theme is Jesus as the source of eternal life, and the Kingdom is only mentioned twice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2006184_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2006184-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to the synoptic expectation of the Kingdom (using the term <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Parousia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parousia">parousia</a></i></span>, meaning "coming"), John presents a more individualistic, <a href="/wiki/Realized_eschatology" title="Realized eschatology">realized eschatology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172–74_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172–74-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Synoptics, quotations of Jesus are usually in the form of short, pithy sayings; in John, longer quotations are often given. The vocabulary is also different, and filled with theological import: in John, Jesus does not work "miracles", but "signs" that unveil his divine identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most scholars consider John not to contain any <a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">parables</a>. Rather, it contains <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphorical</a> stories or <a href="/wiki/Allegories" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegories">allegories</a>, such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Good_Shepherd" title="Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd</a> and the <a href="/wiki/True_Vine" title="True Vine">True Vine</a>, in which each element corresponds to a specific person, group, or thing. Other scholars consider stories like the childbearing woman<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the dying grain<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be parables.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Synoptics, Jesus's arrest was a reaction to the cleansing of the temple; according to John, it was triggered by the raising of Lazarus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, portrayed as more uniformly legalistic and opposed to Jesus in the synoptic gospels, are portrayed as sharply divided; they frequently debate. Some, such as <a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a>, even go so far as to be at least partially sympathetic to Jesus. This is believed to be a more accurate historical depiction of the Pharisees, who made debate one of the tenets of their belief system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeusner20038_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeusner20038-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In place of the communal emphasis of the Pauline literature, John stresses the personal relationship of the individual to God.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Johannine_literature">Johannine literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Johannine literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gospel of John and the three <a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine epistles</a> exhibit strong resemblances in theology and style; the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> has also been traditionally linked with these, but differs from the gospel and letters in style and even theology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt20081_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt20081-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letters were written later than the gospel, and while the gospel reflects the break between the Johannine Christians and the Jewish synagogue, in the letters the Johannine community itself is disintegrating ("They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would have continued with us; but they went out..." - 1 John 2:19).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloney19984_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloney19984-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This secession was over <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a>, the "knowledge of Christ", or more accurately the understanding of Christ's nature, for the ones who "went out" hesitated to identify Jesus with Christ, minimising the significance of the earthly ministry and denying the salvific importance of Jesus's death on the cross.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2014112_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson2014112-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The epistles argue against this view, stressing the eternal existence of the Son of God, the salvific nature of his life and death, and the other elements of the gospel's "high" Christology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2014112_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson2014112-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_reliability">Historical reliability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Historical reliability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gospel_of_John" title="Special:EditPage/Gospel of John">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Bible" title="Historicity of the Bible">Historicity of the Bible</a></div> <p>Jesus's teachings in the Synoptics greatly differ from those in John. Since the 19th century, scholars have almost unanimously accepted that the Johannine discourses are less likely to be historical than the synoptic parables, and were likely written for theological purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199557,_70–71_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199557,_70–71-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, they generally agree that John is not without historical value. Some potential points of value include early provenance for some Johannine material, topographical references for <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Judea</a>, Jesus's crucifixion occurring prior to the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and his arrest in the <a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">garden</a> occurring after the accompanying deliberation of Jewish authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199836–37_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199836–37-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownFitzmyerMurphy1999815,_1274_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownFitzmyerMurphy1999815,_1274-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1994_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1994-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent scholarship has argued for a more favourable reappraisal of the historical value of the Gospel of John and its importance for the reconstruction of the historical Jesus, based on recent archaeological and literary studies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharlesworthPruszinski20191–3_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharlesworthPruszinski20191–3-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2023179ff_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2023179ff-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representations">Representations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Representations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_last_chapter_by_J._Doyle_Penrose_(1902).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bede translating the Gospel of John on his deathbed, by James Doyle Penrose, 1902. Depicts the Venerable Bede as an elderly man with a long, white beard, sitting in a darkened room and dictating his translation of the Bible, as a younger scribe, sitting across from him, writes down his words. Two monks, standing together in the corner of the room, look on." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_last_chapter_by_J._Doyle_Penrose_%281902%29.jpg/220px-The_last_chapter_by_J._Doyle_Penrose_%281902%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_last_chapter_by_J._Doyle_Penrose_%281902%29.jpg/330px-The_last_chapter_by_J._Doyle_Penrose_%281902%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_last_chapter_by_J._Doyle_Penrose_%281902%29.jpg/440px-The_last_chapter_by_J._Doyle_Penrose_%281902%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> translating the Gospel of John on his deathbed</i>, by <a href="/wiki/James_Doyle_Penrose" class="mw-redirect" title="James Doyle Penrose">James Doyle Penrose</a>, 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>The gospel has been depicted in live narrations and dramatized in productions, <a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">skits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">plays</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Passion_Play" title="Passion Play">Passion Plays</a>, as well as in film. The most recent such portrayal is the 2014 film <i>The Gospel of John</i>, directed by David Batty and narrated by <a href="/wiki/David_Harewood" title="David Harewood">David Harewood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cox_(actor)" title="Brian Cox (actor)">Brian Cox</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Selva_Rasalingam" title="Selva Rasalingam">Selva Rasalingam</a> as Jesus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (August 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> The 2003 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gospel of John (film)">The Gospel of John</a></i> was directed by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Saville" title="Philip Saville">Philip Saville</a> and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ian_Cusick" title="Henry Ian Cusick">Henry Ian Cusick</a> as Jesus. </p><p>Parts of the gospel have been set to music. One such setting is <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wariner" title="Steve Wariner">Steve Warner</a>'s power anthem "Come and See", written for the 20th anniversary of the Alliance for Catholic Education and including lyrical fragments taken from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Signs" title="Book of Signs">Book of Signs</a>. Additionally, some composers have made settings of the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a> as portrayed in the gospel, most notably <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion" title="St John Passion">St John Passion</a></i>, although some of its verses are from <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship of the Johannine works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egerton_Gospel" title="Egerton Gospel">Egerton Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Grace_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Grace theology">Free Grace theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bible_verses_not_included_in_modern_translations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bible verses not included in modern translations">List of Bible verses not included in modern translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List of Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_New_Testament#Gospel_of_John" title="Textual variants in the New Testament">Textual variants in the Gospel of John</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The book is sometimes called the <b>Gospel according to John</b>, or simply <b>John</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which is also its most common form of abbreviation).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The declarations are: <ul><li>"I am the <a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">bread of life</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"I am the <a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Light of the world">light of the world</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"I am the gate for the sheep"<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"I am the <a href="/wiki/Good_shepherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Good shepherd">good shepherd</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"I am the resurrection and the life"<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"I am <a href="/wiki/The_way,_the_truth,_and_the_life" class="mw-redirect" title="The way, the truth, and the life">the way and the truth and the life</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"I am the <a href="/wiki/True_vine" class="mw-redirect" title="True vine">true vine</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauckham2015a">Bauckham 2015a</a> contrasts John's consistent use of the third person singular ("The one who..."; "If anyone..."; "Everyone who..."; "Whoever..."; "No one...") with the alternative third person plural constructions the author could have used instead ("Those who..."; "All those who..."; etc.). He also notes that the sole exception occurs in the prologue, serving a narrative purpose, whereas the later aphorisms serve a "paraenetic function".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6:56&version=dra">John 6:56</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10:14–15&version=dra">10:14–15</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10:38&version=dra">10:38</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14:10&version=dra">14:10, 17, 20, and 23</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Realized eschatology</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatological</a> theory popularized by <a href="/wiki/C._H._Dodd" title="C. H. Dodd">C. H. Dodd</a> (1884–1973). It holds that the eschatological passages in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> do not refer to future events, but instead to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry of Jesus</a> and his lasting legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaddHagner199356_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaddHagner199356-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other words, it holds that Christian eschatological expectations have already been realized or fulfilled.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#CITEREFZimmermann2015">Zimmermann 2015</a>, pp. 333–60.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiPouAEACAAJ"><i>ESV Pew Bible</i></a>. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 886. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0"><bdi>978-1-4335-6343-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603093159/https://www.google.com/books/edition/ESV_Pew_Bible_Black/HiPouAEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ESV+Pew+Bible&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+IL&rft.pages=886&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-6343-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiPouAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">"Bible Book Abbreviations"</a>. <i>Logos Bible Software</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421100743/https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Logos+Bible+Software&rft.atitle=Bible+Book+Abbreviations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logos.com%2Fbible-book-abbreviations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindars199053-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindars199053_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindars1990">Lindars 1990</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington200483-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington200483_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington200483_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWitherington2004">Witherington 2004</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2015171_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdwards2015">Edwards 2015</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002215-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002215_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELincoln200518-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELincoln200518_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELincoln200518_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLincoln2005">Lincoln 2005</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendricks2007147-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendricks2007147_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHendricks2007">Hendricks 2007</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddish201113-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish201113_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReddish2011">Reddish 2011</a>, pp. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002214-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002214_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddish201141-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish201141_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish201141_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish201141_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReddish2011">Reddish 2011</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBynum201215-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBynum201215_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBynum2012">Bynum 2012</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006479-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006479_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, p. 479.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Day1998381-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Day1998381_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Day1998">O'Day 1998</a>, p. 381.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2021:22&version=nrsv">John 21:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2021:24–25&version=nrsv">John 21:24–25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindarsEdwardsCourt200041-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindarsEdwardsCourt200041_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindarsEdwardsCourt2000">Lindars, Edwards & Court 2000</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly2012115-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly2012115_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelly2012">Kelly 2012</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddish2011187–188-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddish2011187–188_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReddish2011">Reddish 2011</a>, pp. 187–188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELincoln200529–30-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELincoln200529–30_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLincoln2005">Lincoln 2005</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFredriksen2008">Fredriksen 2008</a>, p. unpaginated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEValantasisBleyleHaugh200914-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValantasisBleyleHaugh200914_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFValantasisBleyleHaugh2009">Valantasis, Bleyle & Haugh 2009</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYu_Chui_Siang_Lau2010159-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYu_Chui_Siang_Lau2010159_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYu_Chui_Siang_Lau2010">Yu Chui Siang Lau 2010</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenken199611–13-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenken199611–13_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMenken1996">Menken 1996</a>, pp. 11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEve2016135-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEve2016135_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEve2016">Eve 2016</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorterFay201841-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorterFay201841_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorterFay2018">Porter & Fay 2018</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELamb20142-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELamb20142_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLamb2014">Lamb 2014</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200570-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200570_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger200672-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger200672_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenberger2006">Köstenberger 2006</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELamb20142–3-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELamb20142–3_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLamb2014">Lamb 2014</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBynum20127,_12-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBynum20127,_12_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBynum2012">Bynum 2012</a>, pp. 7, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttridge2008125-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttridge2008125_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAttridge2008">Attridge 2008</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloney199823-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloney199823_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloney199823_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoloney1998">Moloney 1998</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger2015168-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger2015168_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenberger2015">Köstenberger 2015</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2008126-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2008126_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauckham2008">Bauckham 2008</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2003245-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune2003245_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAune2003">Aune 2003</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2003246-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune2003246_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAune2003">Aune 2003</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt200810-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt200810_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt200810_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_der_Watt2008">Van der Watt 2008</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruse200417-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruse200417_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruse200417_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKruse2004">Kruse 2004</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orsini, Pasquale, and Willy Clarisse (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290628533">"Early New Testament Manuscripts and Their Dates: A Critique of Theological Palaeography"</a>, in: Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 88/4 (2012), pp. 443–474, <b>p. 470</b>: "...Tab. 1, 𝔓<sup>52</sup>, 125-175 AD, Orsini–Clarysse..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200553-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200553_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunn_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dunn, James D. G. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dVZeCwAAQBAJ"><i>Neither Jew nor Greek: A Contested Identity (Christianity in the Making, Volume 3)</i></a> (in Arabic). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-4385-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-4385-2"><bdi>978-1-4674-4385-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neither+Jew+nor+Greek%3A+A+Contested+Identity+%28Christianity+in+the+Making%2C+Volume+3%29&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4674-4385-2&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdVZeCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loke-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loke_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loke, Andrew. "A Kryptic Model of the Incarnation." Ashgate Publishing, 2014, pp. 28–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillar2012132-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillar2012132_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHillar2012">Hillar 2012</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado201099–110-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado201099–110_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHurtado2010">Hurtado 2010</a>, pp. 99–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanuariy201399-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanuariy201399_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanuariy2013">Januariy 2013</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanuariy2013" class="citation book cs1">Januariy, Archimandrite (2013) [2003]. "The Elements of Triadology in the New Testament". In <a href="/wiki/Melville_Y._Stewart" title="Melville Y. Stewart">Stewart, Melville Y.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xJzdBgAAQBAJ"><i>The Trinity: East/West Dialogue</i></a>. Volume 24 of Studies in Philosophy and Religion. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-017-0393-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-017-0393-2"><bdi>978-94-017-0393-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>Trinitarian formulas are found in New Testament books such as 1 Peter 1:2; and 2 Cor 13:13. But the formula used by John the mystery-seer is unique. Perhaps it shows John's original adaptation of Paul's dual formula.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Elements+of+Triadology+in+the+New+Testament&rft.btitle=The+Trinity%3A+East%2FWest+Dialogue&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.series=Volume+24+of+Studies+in+Philosophy+and+Religion&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-94-017-0393-2&rft.aulast=Januariy&rft.aufirst=Archimandrite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxJzdBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%205:18&version=nrsv">John 5:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200551-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200551_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006302–10-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006302–10_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, pp. 302–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6:35&version=dra">6:35</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8:12&version=dra">8:12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10:7&version=dra">10:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10:11&version=dra">10:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:25&version=dra">11:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14:6&version=dra">14:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+15:1&version=dra">15:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECullmann196511-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECullmann196511_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCullmann1965">Cullmann 1965</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:27&version=nrsv">John 20:27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreene2004p37--62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreene2004p37-_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreene2004">Greene 2004</a>, p. p37-.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2015350–351-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2015350–351_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2015">Dunn 2015</a>, pp. 350–351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006302–310-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006302–310_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, pp. 302–310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERonning2010-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERonning2010_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRonning2010">Ronning 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2010:45&version=nrsv">Mark 10:45</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%203:25&version=nrsv">Romans 3:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%208:31&version=nrsv">Mark 8:31</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%209:31&version=nrsv">Mark 9:31</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2010:33–34&version=nrsv">Mark 10:33–34</a> and pars.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%203:14&version=nrsv">John 3:14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%208:28&version=nrsv">John 8:28</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2012:32&version=nrsv">John 12:32</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKysar2007a49–54-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKysar2007a49–54_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKysar2007a">Kysar 2007a</a>, pp. 49–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015b83–84-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015b83–84_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauckham2015b">Bauckham 2015b</a>, p. 83–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015b89,94-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015b89,94_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauckham2015b">Bauckham 2015b</a>, p. 89,94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham2015a_72-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauckham2015a">Bauckham 2015a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoule1962">Moule 1962</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1962174-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1962174_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoule1962">Moule 1962</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone2005-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone2005_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone2005_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrossLivingstone2005">Cross & Livingstone 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett197816-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett197816_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarrett1978">Barrett 1978</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunk1998365–440-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunk1998365–440_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFunk1998">Funk 1998</a>, pp. 365–440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunk1998268-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunk1998268_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFunk1998">Funk 1998</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson199936-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson199936_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlson1999">Olson 1999</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKysar200588ff-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKysar200588ff_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKysar2005">Kysar 2005</a>, pp. 88ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECharlesworth201042-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharlesworth201042_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCharlesworth2010">Charlesworth 2010</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeConick201613–-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeConick201613–_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeConick2016">DeConick 2016</a>, pp. 13–.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELlewelynRobinsonWassell201814–23-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELlewelynRobinsonWassell201814–23_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLlewelynRobinsonWassell2018">Llewelyn, Robinson & Wassell 2018</a>, pp. 14–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMost2005121ff-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMost2005121ff_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMost2005">Most 2005</a>, pp. 121ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkarsaune2008247ff-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkarsaune2008247ff_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkarsaune2008">Skarsaune 2008</a>, pp. 247ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindars199062-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindars199062_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindars1990">Lindars 1990</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997375-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997375_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovacs1995-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovacs1995_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovacs1995">Kovacs 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–237-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–237_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurge2014">Burge 2014</a>, pp. 236–237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger2013unpaginated-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenberger2013unpaginated_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenberger2013">Köstenberger 2013</a>, p. unpaginated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurge2014236–37_95-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurge2014">Burge 2014</a>, pp. 236–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017168-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017168_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017168_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReinhartz2017">Reinhartz 2017</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1993109-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1993109_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1993">Perkins 1993</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017171-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReinhartz2017171_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReinhartz2017">Reinhartz 2017</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19931–30_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFunkHoover1993">Funk & Hoover 1993</a>, pp. 1–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamson2004265-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamson2004265_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliamson2004">Williamson 2004</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaels1971733-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaels1971733_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichaels1971">Michaels 1971</a>, p. 733.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6:42&version=dra">John 6:42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFredriksen2008">Fredriksen 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZanzig1999118-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZanzig1999118_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZanzig1999">Zanzig 1999</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198825–27-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198825–27_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1988">Brown 1988</a>, pp. 25–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels2003-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagels2003_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPagels2003">Pagels 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2006184-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2006184_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2006184_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson2006">Thompson 2006</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMost200580-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMost200580_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMost2005">Most 2005</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrman2005">Ehrman 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarson1991117-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarson1991117_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarson1991">Carson 1991</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172–74-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1962172–74_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoule1962">Moule 1962</a>, pp. 172–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaddHagner199356-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaddHagner199356_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaddHagner1993">Ladd & Hagner 1993</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+16:21&version=dra">John 16:21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:24&version=dra">John 12:24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeusner20038-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeusner20038_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeusner2003">Neusner 2003</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt20081-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Watt20081_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_der_Watt2008">Van der Watt 2008</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloney19984-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloney19984_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoloney1998">Moloney 1998</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson2014112-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2014112_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2014112_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatson2014">Watson 2014</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199557,_70–71-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199557,_70–71_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1995">Sanders 1995</a>, pp. 57, 70–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199836–37-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199836–37_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownFitzmyerMurphy1999815,_1274-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownFitzmyerMurphy1999815,_1274_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrownFitzmyerMurphy1999">Brown, Fitzmyer & Murphy 1999</a>, pp. 815, 1274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1994-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1994_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1994">Brown 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECharlesworthPruszinski20191–3-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharlesworthPruszinski20191–3_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCharlesworthPruszinski2019">Charlesworth & Pruszinski 2019</a>, pp. 1–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2023179ff-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2023179ff_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlomberg2023">Blomberg 2023</a>, pp. 179ff.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttridge2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_W._Attridge" title="Harold W. Attridge">Attridge, Harold W.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6UTfmw_zStsC&pg=PA125">"Part II: The Jesus Movements – Johannine Christianity"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Margaret_M._Mitchell" title="Margaret M. Mitchell">Mitchell, Margaret M.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frances_Young" title="Frances Young">Young, Frances M.</a> (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of Christianity, Volume 1: Origins to Constantine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 125–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCHOL9780521812399.008">10.1017/CHOL9780521812399.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-05483-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-05483-6"><bdi>978-1-139-05483-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+II%3A+The+Jesus+Movements+%E2%80%93+Johannine+Christianity&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Christianity%2C+Volume+1%3A+Origins+to+Constantine&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=125-143&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCHOL9780521812399.008&rft.isbn=978-1-139-05483-6&rft.aulast=Attridge&rft.aufirst=Harold+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6UTfmw_zStsC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAune2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Aune" title="David Aune">Aune, David E.</a> (2003). "John, Gospel of". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhhdJ-fkywYC"><i>The Westminster Dictionary of New Testament and Early Christian Literature and Rhetoric</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-21917-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-21917-8"><bdi>978-0-664-21917-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John%2C+Gospel+of&rft.btitle=The+Westminster+Dictionary+of+New+Testament+and+Early+Christian+Literature+and+Rhetoric&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-664-21917-8&rft.aulast=Aune&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhhdJ-fkywYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._K._Barrett" title="C. K. Barrett">Barrett, C. K.</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tWR8DJ6C8KsC"><i>The Gospel According to St. John: An Introduction with Commentary and Notes on the Greek Text</i></a> (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Westminster_John_Knox_Press" title="Westminster John Knox Press">Westminster John Knox Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22180-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22180-5"><bdi>978-0-664-22180-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+According+to+St.+John%3A+An+Introduction+with+Commentary+and+Notes+on+the+Greek+Text&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22180-5&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=C.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtWR8DJ6C8KsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton2008" class="citation book cs1">Barton, Stephen C. (2008). <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bauckham" title="Richard Bauckham">Bauckham, Richard</a>; Mosser, Carl (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3b2I8v2Gh8oC"><i>The Gospel of John and Christian Theology</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2717-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2717-3"><bdi>978-0-8028-2717-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+John+and+Christian+Theology&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2717-3&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Stephen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3b2I8v2Gh8oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauckham2008" class="citation book cs1">Bauckham, Richard (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3b2I8v2Gh8oC&pg=PA126">"The Fourth Gospel as the Testimony of the Beloved Disciple"</a>. In Bauckham, Richard; Mosser, Carl (eds.). <i>The Gospel of John and Christian Theology</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2717-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2717-3"><bdi>978-0-8028-2717-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fourth+Gospel+as+the+Testimony+of+the+Beloved+Disciple&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+John+and+Christian+Theology&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2717-3&rft.aulast=Bauckham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3b2I8v2Gh8oC%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauckham2007" class="citation book cs1">Bauckham, Richard (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QQzjDM_L7-oC"><i>The Testimony of the Beloved Disciple: Narrative, History, and Theology in the Gospel of John</i></a>. Baker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3485-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3485-5"><bdi>978-0-8010-3485-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Testimony+of+the+Beloved+Disciple%3A+Narrative%2C+History%2C+and+Theology+in+the+Gospel+of+John&rft.pub=Baker&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-3485-5&rft.aulast=Bauckham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQQzjDM_L7-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauckham2015a" class="citation book cs1">Bauckham, Richard (2015a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xpIQBgAAQBAJ"><i>Gospel of Glory: Major Themes in Johannine Theology</i></a>. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-2708-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-2708-9"><bdi>978-1-4412-2708-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gospel+of+Glory%3A+Major+Themes+in+Johannine+Theology&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4412-2708-9&rft.aulast=Bauckham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxpIQBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauckham2015b" class="citation book cs1">Bauckham, Richard (2015b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rgkWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83">"Sacraments and the Gospel of John"</a>. In Boersma, Hans; Levering, Matthew (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Sacramental Theology</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-163418-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-163418-5"><bdi>978-0-19-163418-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sacraments+and+the+Gospel+of+John&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Sacramental+Theology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-163418-5&rft.aulast=Bauckham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrgkWCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackSmithSpivey2019" class="citation book cs1">Black, C. Clifton; Smith, D. Moody; Spivey, Robert A., eds. (2019) [1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3MSHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA129">"John: The Gospel of Jesus' Glory"</a>. <i>Anatomy of the New Testament</i> (8th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fortress_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress Press">Fortress Press</a>. pp. 129–156. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvcb5b9q.15">10.2307/j.ctvcb5b9q.15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5064-5711-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5064-5711-6"><bdi>978-1-5064-5711-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1082543536">1082543536</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242455133">242455133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John%3A+The+Gospel+of+Jesus%27+Glory&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+the+New+Testament&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=129-156&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1082543536&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242455133%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvcb5b9q.15&rft.isbn=978-1-5064-5711-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3MSHDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlomberg2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Blomberg" title="Craig Blomberg">Blomberg, Craig</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvcktkwnjxEC"><i>The Historical Reliability of John's Gospel</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-3871-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-3871-4"><bdi>978-0-8308-3871-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Reliability+of+John%27s+Gospel&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-3871-4&rft.aulast=Blomberg&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyvcktkwnjxEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlomberg2023" class="citation book cs1">Blomberg, Craig L. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UcB8EAAAQBAJ"><i>Jesus the Purifier: John's Gospel and the Fourth Quest for the Historical Jesus</i></a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4934-3996-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4934-3996-6"><bdi>978-1-4934-3996-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+Purifier%3A+John%27s+Gospel+and+the+Fourth+Quest+for+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-4934-3996-6&rft.aulast=Blomberg&rft.aufirst=Craig+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUcB8EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourgel2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bourgel, Jonathan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37029909">"John 4: 4–42: Defining A Modus Vivendi Between Jews and the Samaritans"</a>. <i>Journal of Theological Studies</i>. <b>69</b> (1): 39–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflx215">10.1093/jts/flx215</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=John+4%3A+4%E2%80%9342%3A+Defining+A+Modus+Vivendi+Between+Jews+and+the+Samaritans&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-65&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflx215&rft.aulast=Bourgel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37029909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Brown, Raymond E.</a> (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=olDuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Gospel According to John, Volume 1</i></a>. Anchor Bible series. Vol. 29. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-01517-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-01517-2"><bdi>978-0-385-01517-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+According+to+John%2C+Volume+1&rft.series=Anchor+Bible+series&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-385-01517-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolDuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1988" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Raymond E. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JIM0Q0bjgYkC&pg=PA25"><i>The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-1283-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-1283-5"><bdi>978-0-8146-1283-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+and+Epistles+of+John%3A+A+Concise+Commentary&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-1283-5&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJIM0Q0bjgYkC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1994" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Raymond E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3-oNIgAACAAJ"><i>The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave: a Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14009-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14009-5"><bdi>978-0-300-14009-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+of+the+Messiah%3A+From+Gethsemane+to+the+Grave%3A+a+Commentary+on+the+Passion+Narratives+in+the+Four+Gospels&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14009-5&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3-oNIgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1997" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Raymond E. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MqpJCgAAQBAJ"><i>An Introduction to the New Testament</i></a>. New York: Anchor Bible. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-24767-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-24767-2"><bdi>0-385-24767-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Anchor+Bible&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-385-24767-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMqpJCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownFitzmyerMurphy1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Brown, Raymond E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fitzmyer" title="Joseph Fitzmyer">Fitzmyer, Joseph A.</a>; Murphy, Roland Edmund (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0mwUAQAAIAAJ"><i>The New Jerome Biblical Commentary</i></a>. Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-859836-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-859836-5"><bdi>978-0-13-859836-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Jerome+Biblical+Commentary&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-13-859836-5&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft.au=Fitzmyer%2C+Joseph+A.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Roland+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0mwUAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurge2014" class="citation book cs1">Burge, Gary M. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=StasAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA236">"Gospel of John"</a>. In Evans, Craig A. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=StasAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-72224-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-72224-3"><bdi>978-1-317-72224-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gospel+of+John&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-72224-3&rft.aulast=Burge&rft.aufirst=Gary+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DStasAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkett2002" class="citation book cs1">Burkett, Delbert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC&pg=PA215"><i>An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7"><bdi>978-0-521-00720-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+New+Testament+and+the+origins+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00720-7&rft.aulast=Burkett&rft.aufirst=Delbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEcsQknxV-xQC%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2012" class="citation book cs1">Bynum, Wm. Randolph (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=opHZRjy-8zMC"><i>The Fourth Gospel and the Scriptures: Illuminating the Form and Meaning of Scriptural Citation in John 19:37</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22843-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22843-6"><bdi>978-90-04-22843-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fourth+Gospel+and+the+Scriptures%3A+Illuminating+the+Form+and+Meaning+of+Scriptural+Citation+in+John+19%3A37&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22843-6&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Wm.+Randolph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DopHZRjy-8zMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarson1991" class="citation book cs1">Carson, D. A. (1991). <i>The Pillar New Testament Commentary: The Gospel According to John</i>. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eardmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pillar+New+Testament+Commentary%3A+The+Gospel+According+to+John&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eardmans&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarsonMoo2009" class="citation book cs1">Carson, D. A.; Moo, Douglas J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AV5FXRZo5c4C"><i>An Introduction to the New Testament</i></a>. HarperCollins Christian Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-53955-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-53955-1"><bdi>978-0-310-53955-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Christian+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-310-53955-1&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rft.au=Moo%2C+Douglas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAV5FXRZo5c4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworth2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_H._Charlesworth" title="James H. Charlesworth">Charlesworth, James H.</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jpcatholic.edu/NCUpdf/courses/BIBL526-Charlesworth_The_Historical_Jesus.pdf">"The Historical Jesus in the Fourth Gospel: A Paradigm Shift?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 3–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F174551909X12607965419559">10.1163/174551909X12607965419559</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-8690">1476-8690</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926074030/https://jpcatholic.edu/NCUpdf/courses/BIBL526-Charlesworth_The_Historical_Jesus.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Jesus+in+the+Fourth+Gospel%3A+A+Paradigm+Shift%3F&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-46&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F174551909X12607965419559&rft.issn=1476-8690&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjpcatholic.edu%2FNCUpdf%2Fcourses%2FBIBL526-Charlesworth_The_Historical_Jesus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworthPruszinski2019" class="citation book cs1">Charlesworth, James H.; Pruszinski, Jolyon G. R., eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=szqEDwAAQBAJ"><i>Jesus Research: The Gospel of John in Historical Inquiry</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-68135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-68135-5"><bdi>978-0-567-68135-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Research%3A+The+Gospel+of+John+in+Historical+Inquiry&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-567-68135-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DszqEDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiltonNeusner2006" class="citation book cs1">Chilton, Bruce; <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Neusner, Jacob</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=izKMqNP2hygC"><i>Judaism in the New Testament: Practices and Beliefs</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-81497-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-81497-8"><bdi>978-1-134-81497-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judaism+in+the+New+Testament%3A+Practices+and+Beliefs&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-134-81497-8&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Neusner%2C+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DizKMqNP2hygC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCombs1987" class="citation journal cs1">Combs, William W. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021094821/https://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/GTJ-NT/Combs-NagHammadi-GTJ.htm">"Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism and New Testament Interpretation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Grace_Theological_Journal" title="Grace Theological Journal">Grace Theological Journal</a></i>. <b>8</b> (2): 195–212. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/GTJ-NT/Combs-NagHammadi-GTJ.htm">the original</a> on 21 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grace+Theological+Journal&rft.atitle=Nag+Hammadi%2C+Gnosticism+and+New+Testament+Interpretation&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=195-212&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Combs&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.gordon.edu%2Fhu%2Fbi%2Fted_hildebrandt%2FNTeSources%2FNTArticles%2FGTJ-NT%2FCombs-NagHammadi-GTJ.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulpepper2011" class="citation book cs1">Culpepper, R. Alan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5RXBD3meBAoC"><i>The Gospel and Letters of John</i></a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-5005-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-5005-2"><bdi>978-1-4267-5005-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+and+Letters+of+John&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-5005-2&rft.aulast=Culpepper&rft.aufirst=R.+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5RXBD3meBAoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossLivingstone2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._L._Cross" title="F. L. Cross">Cross, F. L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Livingstone" title="Elizabeth Livingstone">Livingstone, Elizabeth A.</a>, eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA887">"John, Gospel of St."</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3"><bdi>978-0-19-280290-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John%2C+Gospel+of+St.&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfUqcAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCullmann1965" class="citation book cs1">Cullmann, Oscar (1965). "Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection of the Dead". In Stendahl, Krister (ed.). <i>Immortality and Resurrection</i>. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Biblical_Literature" title="Society of Biblical Literature">Society of Biblical Literature</a>. pp. 9–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0020895206" title="Special:BookSources/978-0020895206"><bdi>978-0020895206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Immortality+of+the+Soul+or+Resurrection+of+the+Dead&rft.btitle=Immortality+and+Resurrection&rft.pages=9-53&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-0020895206&rft.aulast=Cullmann&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeConick2016" class="citation book cs1">DeConick, April D (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LrTsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13">"Who is Hiding in the Gospel of John? Reconceptualizing Johannine Theology and the Roots of Gnosticism"</a>. In DeConick, April D; Adamson, Grant (eds.). <i>Histories of the Hidden God: Concealment and Revelation in Western Gnostic, Esoteric, and Mystical Traditions</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-93599-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-93599-4"><bdi>978-1-134-93599-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Who+is+Hiding+in+the+Gospel+of+John%3F+Reconceptualizing+Johannine+Theology+and+the+Roots+of+Gnosticism&rft.btitle=Histories+of+the+Hidden+God%3A+Concealment+and+Revelation+in+Western+Gnostic%2C+Esoteric%2C+and+Mystical+Traditions&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-134-93599-4&rft.aulast=DeConick&rft.aufirst=April+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLrTsCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenaux1992" class="citation book cs1">Denaux, Adelbert (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/5371617">"The Q-Logion Mt 11, 27 / Lk 10, 22 and the Gospel of John"</a>. In Denaux, Adelbert (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V5OwDM1Tu6MC"><i>John and the Synoptics</i></a>. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium. Vol. 101. Leuven University Press. pp. 113–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6186-498-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6186-498-1"><bdi>978-90-6186-498-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Q-Logion+Mt+11%2C+27+%2F+Lk+10%2C+22+and+the+Gospel+of+John&rft.btitle=John+and+the+Synoptics&rft.series=Bibliotheca+Ephemeridum+Theologicarum+Lovaniensium&rft.pages=113-47&rft.pub=Leuven+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-90-6186-498-1&rft.aulast=Denaux&rft.aufirst=Adelbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5371617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">Dunn, James D. G.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9zCh9SBb6Y8C&pg=PA177"><i>The Question of Anti-Semitism in the New Testament</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4498-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4498-9"><bdi>978-0-8028-4498-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Question+of+Anti-Semitism+in+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4498-9&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9zCh9SBb6Y8C%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2015" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Ruth B. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Eq-vCAAAQBAJ"><i>Discovering John: Content, Interpretation, Reception</i></a>. Discovering Biblical Texts. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7240-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7240-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-7240-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+John%3A+Content%2C+Interpretation%2C+Reception&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.series=Discovering+Biblical+Texts&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-7240-1&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Ruth+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEq-vCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D._Ehrman" title="Bart D. Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xwkUt2kCIbEC"><i>The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974628-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974628-6"><bdi>978-0-19-974628-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Corruption+of+Scripture&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974628-6&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxwkUt2kCIbEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2005" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xmJjSUiJtuQC"><i>Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why</i></a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-073817-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-073817-4"><bdi>978-0-06-073817-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Misquoting+Jesus%3A+The+Story+Behind+Who+Changed+the+Bible+and+Why&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-073817-4&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxmJjSUiJtuQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2009" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bart D. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0"><i>Jesus, Interrupted</i></a></span>. HarperOne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-117393-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-117393-6"><bdi>978-0-06-117393-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%2C+Interrupted&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-06-117393-6&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjesusinterrupted00ehrm_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEve2016" class="citation book cs1">Eve, Eric (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tDaNDAAAQBAJ&q=%22Bauckham%27s+work+has+not+won+general+acceptance%22&pg=PT85"><i>Writing the Gospels: Composition and Memory</i></a>. SPCK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-281-07341-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-281-07341-2"><bdi>978-0-281-07341-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+the+Gospels%3A+Composition+and+Memory&rft.pub=SPCK&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-281-07341-2&rft.aulast=Eve&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtDaNDAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Bauckham%2527s%2Bwork%2Bhas%2Bnot%2Bwon%2Bgeneral%2Bacceptance%2522%26pg%3DPT85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFredriksen2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paula_Fredriksen" title="Paula Fredriksen">Fredriksen, Paula</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tDFlfjZ4Ho4C"><i>From Jesus to Christ: The Origins of the New Testament Images of Jesus</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16410-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16410-7"><bdi>978-0-300-16410-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Jesus+to+Christ%3A+The+Origins+of+the+New+Testament+Images+of+Jesus&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-16410-7&rft.aulast=Fredriksen&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtDFlfjZ4Ho4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunkHoover1993" class="citation book cs1">Funk, Robert Walter; Hoover, Roy W. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7h2ykq-JZK8C"><i>The Five Gospels: The Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus: New Translation and Commentary</i></a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-541949-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-541949-0"><bdi>978-0-02-541949-0</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Seminar" title="Jesus Seminar">Jesus Seminar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Gospels%3A+The+Search+for+the+Authentic+Words+of+Jesus%3A+New+Translation+and+Commentary&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-02-541949-0&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=Robert+Walter&rft.au=Hoover%2C+Roy+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7h2ykq-JZK8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunk1998" class="citation book cs1">Funk, Robert Walter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fg1CAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Acts of Jesus: The Search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus</i></a>. HarperSanFrancisco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-062978-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-062978-6"><bdi>978-0-06-062978-6</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Seminar" title="Jesus Seminar">Jesus Seminar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Acts+of+Jesus%3A+The+Search+for+the+Authentic+Deeds+of+Jesus&rft.pub=HarperSanFrancisco&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-06-062978-6&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=Robert+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfg1CAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2004" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Colin J. D. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iEY5Oy5eo1EC&pg=PA37"><i>Christology in Culture Perspective: Marking Out the Horizons</i></a>. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2792-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2792-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-2792-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christology+in+Culture+Perspective%3A+Marking+Out+the+Horizons&rft.pub=Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2792-0&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Colin+J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiEY5Oy5eo1EC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2006" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Stephen L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nAsoAAAACAAJ"><i>Understanding the Bible</i></a> (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-296548-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-296548-3"><bdi>978-0-07-296548-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+Bible&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-07-296548-3&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnAsoAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendricks2007" class="citation book cs1">Hendricks, Obrey M. Jr. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GyNiyGluEqEC&pg=RA2-PA146">"The Gospel According to John"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Coogan" title="Michael Coogan">Coogan, Michael D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marc_Zvi_Brettler" title="Marc Zvi Brettler">Brettler, Marc Z.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Carol_A._Newsom" title="Carol A. Newsom">Newsom, Carol A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pheme_Perkins" title="Pheme Perkins">Perkins, Pheme</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GyNiyGluEqEC"><i>The New Oxford Annotated Bible</i></a> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Peabody,_Massachusetts" title="Peabody, Massachusetts">Peabody, Massachusetts</a>: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59856-032-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59856-032-9"><bdi>978-1-59856-032-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+According+to+John&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible&rft.place=Peabody%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59856-032-9&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=Obrey+M.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGyNiyGluEqEC%26pg%3DRA2-PA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2005" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Charles E. (2005). "Part III: The Evidence for a Johannine Corpus". <i>The Johannine Corpus in the Early Church</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 447–464. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2F0199264589.003.0009">10.1093/0199264589.003.0009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926458-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926458-2"><bdi>978-0-19-926458-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/475098055">475098055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+III%3A+The+Evidence+for+a+Johannine+Corpus&rft.btitle=The+Johannine+Corpus+in+the+Early+Church&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=447-464&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F475098055&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2F0199264589.003.0009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926458-2&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillar2012" class="citation book cs1">Hillar, Marian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DMQgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132"><i>From Logos to Trinity</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-50514-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-50514-7"><bdi>978-1-139-50514-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Logos+to+Trinity&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-139-50514-7&rft.aulast=Hillar&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDMQgAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurtado2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hurtado" title="Larry Hurtado">Hurtado, Larry W.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi5xIxgnNgcC&pg=PA13">"How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Approaches to Jesus-Devotion in Earliest Christianity"</a>. <i>How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus</i>. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge, UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wm._B._Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Wm. B. Eerdmans">Wm. B. Eerdmans</a>. pp. 13–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2861-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2861-3"><bdi>978-0-8028-2861-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+on+Earth+Did+Jesus+Become+a+God%3F+Approaches+to+Jesus-Devotion+in+Earliest+Christianity&rft.btitle=How+on+Earth+Did+Jesus+Become+a+God%3F+Historical+Questions+about+Earliest+Devotion+to+Jesus&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan+and+Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=13-55&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2861-3&rft.aulast=Hurtado&rft.aufirst=Larry+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXi5xIxgnNgcC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurtado2010" class="citation book cs1">Hurtado, Larry (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0aCaqJGgJvAC"><i>God in New Testament Theology</i></a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-1954-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-1954-7"><bdi>978-1-4267-1954-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+in+New+Testament+Theology&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-1954-7&rft.aulast=Hurtado&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0aCaqJGgJvAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeener2019" class="citation book cs1">Keener, Craig S. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AnitDwAAQBAJ&q=%22most+scholars+today+doubt+that+any+eyewitnesses+directly+composed+the+gospels%22&pg=PT368"><i>Christobiography: Memory, History, and the Reliability of the Gospels</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-5676-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-5676-0"><bdi>978-1-4674-5676-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christobiography%3A+Memory%2C+History%2C+and+the+Reliability+of+the+Gospels&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4674-5676-0&rft.aulast=Keener&rft.aufirst=Craig+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAnitDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522most%2Bscholars%2Btoday%2Bdoubt%2Bthat%2Bany%2Beyewitnesses%2Bdirectly%2Bcomposed%2Bthe%2Bgospels%2522%26pg%3DPT368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2012" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Joseph F. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=923-w0Knq-AC"><i>History and Heresy: How Historical Forces Can Create Doctrinal Conflicts</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5999-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5999-1"><bdi>978-0-8146-5999-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Heresy%3A+How+Historical+Forces+Can+Create+Doctrinal+Conflicts&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5999-1&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D923-w0Knq-AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöstenberger2006" class="citation book cs1">Köstenberger, Andreas (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fWXC2krd_6IC&pg=PA69">"Destruction of the Temple and the Composition of the Fourth Gospel"</a>. In Lierman, John (ed.). <i>Challenging Perspectives on the Gospel of John</i>. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-149113-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-149113-9"><bdi>978-3-16-149113-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Destruction+of+the+Temple+and+the+Composition+of+the+Fourth+Gospel&rft.btitle=Challenging+Perspectives+on+the+Gospel+of+John&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-16-149113-9&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6stenberger&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfWXC2krd_6IC%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöstenberger2013" class="citation book cs1">Köstenberger, Andreas (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mRe-AgAAQBAJ"><i>Encountering John</i></a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-4485-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-4485-7"><bdi>978-1-4412-4485-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encountering+John&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4412-4485-7&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6stenberger&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmRe-AgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöstenberger2015" class="citation book cs1">Köstenberger, Andreas J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nvcQBwAAQBAJ"><i>A Theology of John's Gospel and Letters: The Word, the Christ, the Son of God</i></a>. Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-52326-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-52326-0"><bdi>978-0-310-52326-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Theology+of+John%27s+Gospel+and+Letters%3A+The+Word%2C+the+Christ%2C+the+Son+of+God&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-310-52326-0&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6stenberger&rft.aufirst=Andreas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnvcQBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovacs1995" class="citation journal cs1">Kovacs, Judith L. (1995). "Now Shall the Ruler of This World Be Driven Out: Jesus' Death as Cosmic Battle in John 12:20–36". <i>Journal of Biblical Literature</i>. <b>114</b> (2): 227–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3266937">10.2307/3266937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3266937">3266937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=Now+Shall+the+Ruler+of+This+World+Be+Driven+Out%3A+Jesus%27+Death+as+Cosmic+Battle+in+John+12%3A20%E2%80%9336&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-47&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3266937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3266937%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=Judith+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruse2004" class="citation book cs1">Kruse, Colin G. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6JYgc2iH_skC"><i>The Gospel According to John: An Introduction and Commentary</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2771-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2771-5"><bdi>978-0-8028-2771-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+According+to+John%3A+An+Introduction+and+Commentary&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2771-5&rft.aulast=Kruse&rft.aufirst=Colin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6JYgc2iH_skC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKysar2005" class="citation book cs1">Kysar, Robert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ev5bp8lY04UC"><i>Voyages with John: Charting the Fourth Gospel</i></a>. Baylor University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932792-43-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932792-43-0"><bdi>978-1-932792-43-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyages+with+John%3A+Charting+the+Fourth+Gospel&rft.pub=Baylor+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-932792-43-0&rft.aulast=Kysar&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dev5bp8lY04UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKysar2007a" class="citation book cs1">Kysar, Robert (2007a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=br3ybb1X_KsC"><i>John, the Maverick Gospel</i></a>. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23056-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23056-2"><bdi>978-0-664-23056-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John%2C+the+Maverick+Gospel&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-664-23056-2&rft.aulast=Kysar&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbr3ybb1X_KsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKysar2007b" class="citation book cs1">Kysar, Robert (2007b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ryybidJYMAQC&pg=PA80">"The Dehistoricizing of the Gospel of John"</a>. In Anderson, Paul N.; Just, Felix; Thatcher, Tom (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ryybidJYMAQC"><i>John, Jesus, and History, Volume 1: Critical Appraisals of Critical Views</i></a>. Society of Biblical Literature Symposium series. Vol. 44. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Biblical_Literature" title="Society of Biblical Literature">Society of Biblical Literature</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-293-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-293-0"><bdi>978-1-58983-293-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dehistoricizing+of+the+Gospel+of+John&rft.btitle=John%2C+Jesus%2C+and+History%2C+Volume+1%3A+Critical+Appraisals+of+Critical+Views&rft.series=Society+of+Biblical+Literature+Symposium+series&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-293-0&rft.aulast=Kysar&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DryybidJYMAQC%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaddHagner1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Eldon_Ladd" title="George Eldon Ladd">Ladd, George Eldon</a>; Hagner, Donald Alfred (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC"><i>A Theology of the New Testament</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0680-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0680-5"><bdi>0-8028-0680-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Theology+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8028-0680-5&rft.aulast=Ladd&rft.aufirst=George+Eldon&rft.au=Hagner%2C+Donald+Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeIdkM00EdlAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2014" class="citation book cs1">Lamb, David A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w_MPAwAAQBAJ"><i>Text, Context and the Johannine Community: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Johannine Writings</i></a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-12966-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-12966-6"><bdi>978-0-567-12966-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Text%2C+Context+and+the+Johannine+Community%3A+A+Sociolinguistic+Analysis+of+the+Johannine+Writings&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-567-12966-6&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw_MPAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLincoln2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_T._Lincoln" title="Andrew T. Lincoln">Lincoln, Andrew T.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eYmxAwAAQBAJ"><i>Gospel According to St John: Black's New Testament Commentaries</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8822-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8822-9"><bdi>978-1-4411-8822-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gospel+According+to+St+John%3A+Black%27s+New+Testament+Commentaries&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-8822-9&rft.aulast=Lincoln&rft.aufirst=Andrew+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeYmxAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindars1990" class="citation book cs1">Lindars, Barnabas (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BtjUAwAAQBAJ"><i>John</i></a>. New Testament Guides. Vol. 4. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-255-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-255-4"><bdi>978-1-85075-255-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John&rft.series=New+Testament+Guides&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-85075-255-4&rft.aulast=Lindars&rft.aufirst=Barnabas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBtjUAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindarsEdwardsCourt2000" class="citation book cs1">Lindars, Barnabas; Edwards, Ruth; Court, John M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qVOD0PhayhsC"><i>The Johannine Literature</i></a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84127-081-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84127-081-4"><bdi>978-1-84127-081-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Johannine+Literature&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-84127-081-4&rft.aulast=Lindars&rft.aufirst=Barnabas&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Ruth&rft.au=Court%2C+John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqVOD0PhayhsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLlewelynRobinsonWassell2018" class="citation journal cs1">Llewelyn, Stephen Robert; Robinson, Alexandra; Wassell, Blake Edward (2018). "Does John 8:44 Imply That the Devil Has a Father?". <i>Novum Testamentum</i>. <b>60</b> (1): 14–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15685365-12341587">10.1163/15685365-12341587</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0048-1009">0048-1009</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:166084766">166084766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novum+Testamentum&rft.atitle=Does+John+8%3A44+Imply+That+the+Devil+Has+a+Father%3F&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-23&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A166084766%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0048-1009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15685365-12341587&rft.aulast=Llewelyn&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Robert&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=Wassell%2C+Blake+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2012" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Dale B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jUWUOwHHiiMC&pg=PT164"><i>New Testament History and Literature</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18219-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18219-4"><bdi>978-0-300-18219-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Testament+History+and+Literature&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18219-4&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Dale+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjUWUOwHHiiMC%26pg%3DPT164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenken1996" class="citation book cs1">Menken, M.J.J. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=drPgSxi20ZwC"><i>Old Testament Quotations in the Fourth Gospel: Studies in Textual Form</i></a>. Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-390-0181-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-390-0181-3"><bdi>978-90-390-0181-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Testament+Quotations+in+the+Fourth+Gospel%3A+Studies+in+Textual+Form&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-90-390-0181-3&rft.aulast=Menken&rft.aufirst=M.J.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdrPgSxi20ZwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzgerEhrman1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Metzger, Bruce M.</a>; Ehrman, Bart D. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lA4WAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Text of New Testament</i></a>. Рипол Классик. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-88500-901-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-88500-901-0"><bdi>978-5-88500-901-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+New+Testament&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-5-88500-901-0&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rft.au=Ehrman%2C+Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlA4WAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaels1971" class="citation book cs1">Michaels, J. Ramsey (1971). "Verification of Jesus' Self-Revelation in His passion and Resurrection (18:1–21:25)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HWVyCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Gospel of John</i></a>. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-2330-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-2330-4"><bdi>978-1-4674-2330-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Verification+of+Jesus%27+Self-Revelation+in+His+passion+and+Resurrection+%2818%3A1%E2%80%9321%3A25%29&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+John&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-1-4674-2330-4&rft.aulast=Michaels&rft.aufirst=J.+Ramsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHWVyCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoloney1998" class="citation book cs1">Moloney, Francis J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2xDRFYKldboC"><i>The Gospel of John</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5806-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5806-2"><bdi>978-0-8146-5806-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+John&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2&rft.aulast=Moloney&rft.aufirst=Francis+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2xDRFYKldboC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMost2005" class="citation book cs1">Most, Glenn W. (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/doubtingthomas00glen"><i>Doubting Thomas</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01914-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01914-0"><bdi>978-0-674-01914-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doubting+Thomas&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01914-0&rft.aulast=Most&rft.aufirst=Glenn+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdoubtingthomas00glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoule1962" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._F._D._Moule" title="C. F. D. Moule">Moule, C. F. D.</a> (July 1962). "The Individualism of the Fourth Gospel". <i>Novum Testamentum</i>. <b>5</b> (2/3): 171–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1560025">10.2307/1560025</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1560025">1560025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novum+Testamentum&rft.atitle=The+Individualism+of+the+Fourth+Gospel&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=171-90&rft.date=1962-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1560025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1560025%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Moule&rft.aufirst=C.+F.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeusner2003" class="citation book cs1">Neusner, Jacob (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WOBKAwAAQBAJ"><i>Invitation to the Talmud: A Teaching Book</i></a>. South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism. Vol. 169. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59244-155-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59244-155-6"><bdi>978-1-59244-155-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invitation+to+the+Talmud%3A+A+Teaching+Book&rft.series=South+Florida+Studies+in+the+History+of+Judaism&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-59244-155-6&rft.aulast=Neusner&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWOBKAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Day1998" class="citation book cs1">O'Day, Gail R. (1998). "John". In Newsom, Carol Ann; Ringe, Sharon H. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ymp4S2qZJ4cC"><i>Women's Bible Commentary</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25781-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25781-1"><bdi>978-0-664-25781-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25781-1&rft.aulast=O%27Day&rft.aufirst=Gail+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dymp4S2qZJ4cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1999" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Roger E. (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3QHRJNkbKJgC&q=The+story+of+Christian+theology+%3A+twenty+centuries+of+tradition+%26+reform"><i>The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition & Reform</i></a></span>. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1505-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1505-0"><bdi>978-0-8308-1505-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Christian+Theology%3A+Twenty+Centuries+of+Tradition+%26+Reform&rft.place=Downers+Grove%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1505-0&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Roger+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3QHRJNkbKJgC%26q%3DThe%2Bstory%2Bof%2BChristian%2Btheology%2B%253A%2Btwenty%2Bcenturies%2Bof%2Btradition%2B%2526%2Breform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOng2015" class="citation book cs1">Ong, Hughson T. (2015). "The Gospel from a Specific Community but for All Christians: Understanding the Johannine Community as a "Community of Practice"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". In <a href="/wiki/Stanley_E._Porter" title="Stanley E. Porter">Porter, Stanley E.</a>; Ong, Hughson T. (eds.). <i>The Origins of John's Gospel</i>. Johannine Studies. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 101–123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004303164_007">10.1163/9789004303164_007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30316-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30316-4"><bdi>978-90-04-30316-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2214-2800">2214-2800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+from+a+Specific+Community+but+for+All+Christians%3A+Understanding+the+Johannine+Community+as+a+%22Community+of+Practice%22&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+John%27s+Gospel&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.series=Johannine+Studies&rft.pages=101-123&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=2214-2800&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004303164_007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30316-4&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=Hughson+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagels2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Pagels" title="Elaine Pagels">Pagels, Elaine</a> (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondbeliefsecr00page"><i>Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of Thomas</i></a></span>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-50156-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-50156-8"><bdi>0-375-50156-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Belief%3A+The+Secret+Gospel+of+Thomas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-375-50156-8&rft.aulast=Pagels&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeyondbeliefsecr00page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPainter2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Painter_(theologian)" title="John Painter (theologian)">Painter, John</a> (2010). "Johannine Literature: The Gospel and Letters of John". In <a href="/wiki/David_Aune" title="David Aune">Aune, David E.</a> (ed.). <i>The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament</i>. <a href="/wiki/Chichester,_West_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichester, West Sussex">Chichester, West Sussex</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. pp. 344–372. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444318937.ch20">10.1002/9781444318937.ch20</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1893-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1893-7"><bdi>978-1-4443-1893-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Johannine+Literature%3A+The+Gospel+and+Letters+of+John&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+the+New+Testament&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex&rft.pages=344-372&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781444318937.ch20&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-1893-7&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1993" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Pheme (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gnosticismnewte00perk"><i>Gnosticism and the New Testament</i></a></span>. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-1597-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-1597-1"><bdi>978-1-4514-1597-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gnosticism+and+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-1597-1&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgnosticismnewte00perk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_E._Porter" title="Stanley E. Porter">Porter, Stanley E.</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2llZCgAAQBAJ"><i>John, His Gospel, and Jesus: In Pursuit of the Johannine Voice</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7170-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7170-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-7170-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John%2C+His+Gospel%2C+and+Jesus%3A+In+Pursuit+of+the+Johannine+Voice&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-7170-1&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2llZCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorterFay2018" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Stanley E.; Fay, Ron C. (2018). "Introduction". In Porter, Stanley E.; Fay, Ron C. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MOZoDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Gospel of John in Modern Interpretation</i></a>. Kregel Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-4510-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-4510-1"><bdi>978-0-8254-4510-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+John+in+Modern+Interpretation&rft.pub=Kregel+Academic&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-4510-1&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rft.au=Fay%2C+Ron+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMOZoDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReddish2011" class="citation book cs1">Reddish, Mitchell G. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hliGUOv18cQC"><i>An Introduction to The Gospels</i></a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-5008-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-5008-3"><bdi>978-1-4267-5008-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+The+Gospels&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-5008-3&rft.aulast=Reddish&rft.aufirst=Mitchell+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhliGUOv18cQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinhartz2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adele_Reinhartz" title="Adele Reinhartz">Reinhartz, Adele</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MoKxIeOTkqYC&pg=PA123">"Forging a New Identity: Johannine Rhetoric and the Audience of the Fourth Gospel"</a>. In Krans, Jan; Lietaert Peerbolte, L. J.; Smit, Peter-Ben; Zwiep, Arie W. (eds.). <i>Paul, John, and Apocalyptic Eschatology: Studies in Honour of Martinus C. de Boer</i>. <a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum" title="Novum Testamentum">Novum Testamentum: Supplements</a>. Vol. 149. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 123–134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004250369_009">10.1163/9789004250369_009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25026-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25026-0"><bdi>978-90-04-25026-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0167-9732">0167-9732</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171267332">171267332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Forging+a+New+Identity%3A+Johannine+Rhetoric+and+the+Audience+of+the+Fourth+Gospel&rft.btitle=Paul%2C+John%2C+and+Apocalyptic+Eschatology%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Martinus+C.+de+Boer&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Novum+Testamentum%3A+Supplements&rft.pages=123-134&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004250369_009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171267332%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0167-9732&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25026-0&rft.aulast=Reinhartz&rft.aufirst=Adele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMoKxIeOTkqYC%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinhartz2017" class="citation book cs1">Reinhartz, Adele (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I4stDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA">"The Gospel According to John"</a>. In Levine, Amy-Jill; Brettler, Marc Z. (eds.). <i>The Jewish Annotated New Testament</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-046185-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-046185-0"><bdi>978-0-19-046185-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+According+to+John&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Annotated+New+Testament&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-046185-0&rft.aulast=Reinhartz&rft.aufirst=Adele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI4stDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonning2010" class="citation book cs1">Ronning, John L. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B0rmwAEACAAJ"><i>The Jewish Targums and John's Logos Theology</i></a>. Hendrickson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59856-306-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59856-306-1"><bdi>978-1-59856-306-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Targums+and+John%27s+Logos+Theology&rft.pub=Hendrickson&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59856-306-1&rft.aulast=Ronning&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB0rmwAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">Sanders, E. P.</a> (1995). <i>The Historical Figure of Jesus</i>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-192822-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-192822-7"><bdi>978-0-14-192822-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-14-192822-7&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenior1991" class="citation book cs1">Senior, Donald (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=31BDFECBGF8C"><i>The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of John</i></a>. Passion of Jesus Series. Vol. 4. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5462-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5462-0"><bdi>978-0-8146-5462-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passion+of+Jesus+in+the+Gospel+of+John&rft.series=Passion+of+Jesus+Series&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5462-0&rft.aulast=Senior&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D31BDFECBGF8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkarsaune2008" class="citation book cs1">Skarsaune, Oskar (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IAlQTo4H4F4C"><i>In the Shadow of the Temple: Jewish Influences on Early Christianity</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-2670-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-2670-4"><bdi>978-0-8308-2670-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+Temple%3A+Jewish+Influences+on+Early+Christianity&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-2670-4&rft.aulast=Skarsaune&rft.aufirst=Oskar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIAlQTo4H4F4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheissenMerz1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Theissen" title="Gerd Theissen">Theissen, Gerd</a>; Merz, Annette (1998) [1996]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZU97DQMH6UC"><i>The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide</i></a>. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-0863-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-0863-8"><bdi>978-1-4514-0863-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-0863-8&rft.aulast=Theissen&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=Merz%2C+Annette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ZU97DQMH6UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2006" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Marianne Maye (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lX16qfiZkOoC&pg=PA182">"The Gospel According to John"</a>. In Barton, Stephen C. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lX16qfiZkOoC"><i>The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels</i></a>. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80766-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80766-1"><bdi>978-0-521-80766-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+According+to+John&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+the+Gospels&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions+to+Religion&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80766-1&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Marianne+Maye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlX16qfiZkOoC%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckett2003" class="citation book cs1">Tuckett, Christopher M. (2003). "Introduction to the Gospels". In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC"><i>Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-3711-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+Gospels&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0&rft.aulast=Tuckett&rft.aufirst=Christopher+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValantasisBleyleHaugh2009" class="citation book cs1">Valantasis, Richard; Bleyle, Douglas K.; Haugh, Dennis C. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_rFr9bGY5s4C"><i>The Gospels and Christian Life in History and Practice</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-7069-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-7069-6"><bdi>978-0-7425-7069-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospels+and+Christian+Life+in+History+and+Practice&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-7069-6&rft.aulast=Valantasis&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Bleyle%2C+Douglas+K.&rft.au=Haugh%2C+Dennis+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_rFr9bGY5s4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_den_BroekVermaseren1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roel_van_den_Broek" title="Roel van den Broek">Van den Broek, Roelof</a>; Vermaseren, Maarten Jozef (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ONQUAAAAIAAJ"><i>Studies in Gnosticism and Hellenistic Religions</i></a>. Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain. Vol. 91. Leiden: E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06376-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06376-1"><bdi>978-90-04-06376-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Gnosticism+and+Hellenistic+Religions&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=%C3%89tudes+pr%C3%A9liminaires+aux+religions+orientales+dans+l%27Empire+romain&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-90-04-06376-1&rft.aulast=Van+den+Broek&rft.aufirst=Roelof&rft.au=Vermaseren%2C+Maarten+Jozef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DONQUAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Watt2008" class="citation book cs1">Van der Watt, Jan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8nRJDwAAQBAJ"><i>An Introduction to the Johannine Gospel and Letters</i></a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-52174-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-52174-3"><bdi>978-0-567-52174-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Johannine+Gospel+and+Letters&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-567-52174-3&rft.aulast=Van+der+Watt&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8nRJDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2014" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Duane (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=StasAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111">"Christology"</a>. In Evans, Craig (ed.). <i>The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-72224-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-72224-3"><bdi>978-1-317-72224-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christology&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-72224-3&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Duane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DStasAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2004" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, Lamar Jr. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rKl0EivRoEkC"><i>Preaching the Gospel of John: Proclaiming the Living Word</i></a>. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22533-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22533-9"><bdi>978-0-664-22533-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preaching+the+Gospel+of+John%3A+Proclaiming+the+Living+Word&rft.place=Louisville&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22533-9&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Lamar+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrKl0EivRoEkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitherington2004" class="citation book cs1">Witherington, Ben (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CFZSyZi2vUQC"><i>The New Testament Story</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2765-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2765-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2765-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Testament+Story&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2765-4&rft.aulast=Witherington&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCFZSyZi2vUQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu_Chui_Siang_Lau2010" class="citation book cs1">Yu Chui Siang Lau, Theresa (2010). "The Gospels and the Old Testament". In Harding, Mark; Nobbs, Alanna (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UNIelnuGATgC"><i>The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3318-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3318-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-3318-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gospels+and+the+Old+Testament&rft.btitle=The+Content+and+the+Setting+of+the+Gospel+Tradition&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1&rft.aulast=Yu+Chui+Siang+Lau&rft.aufirst=Theresa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUNIelnuGATgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanzig1999" class="citation book cs1">Zanzig, Thomas (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QMyiWpV-dx8C&pg=PA118"><i>Jesus of History, Christ of Faith</i></a>. Saint Mary's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88489-530-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88489-530-5"><bdi>978-0-88489-530-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+History%2C+Christ+of+Faith&rft.pub=Saint+Mary%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-88489-530-5&rft.aulast=Zanzig&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQMyiWpV-dx8C%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmermann2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Zimmermann" title="Ruben Zimmermann">Zimmermann, Ruben</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vQ6qCgAAQBAJ"><i>Puzzling the Parables of Jesus: Methods and Interpretation</i></a>. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-6532-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-6532-7"><bdi>978-1-4514-6532-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puzzling+the+Parables+of+Jesus%3A+Methods+and+Interpretation&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-6532-7&rft.aulast=Zimmermann&rft.aufirst=Ruben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvQ6qCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_John&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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href="http://www.bibletranslation.ws/trans/john.pdf">Text of the Gospel with textual variants</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/egerton.html">The Egerton Gospel</a> text; compare with <i>Gospel of John</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://holy-bible.online/kjv.php?book=1%20John">Online version of Book of John, KJV </a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Gospel of John </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Gospel</a> of<br /> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Bible">Books of the Bible</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts<br />of the Apostles</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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title="List of Jesus-related topics">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Jesus's life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books_of_the_Bible" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template talk:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books_of_the_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Books</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Protocanonical_books" title="Protocanonical books">(protocanon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_uncials" title="List of New Testament uncials">New Testament uncials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_version_debate" title="Bible version debate">Bible version debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible" title="Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible">Other books referenced in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">Additional Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bible" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_John" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_John" title="Template:Gospel of John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_John" title="Template talk:Gospel of John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_John" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gospel of John</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_John_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of John chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_1" title="John 1">John 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Signs" title="Book of Signs">Book of Signs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_2" title="John 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_3" title="John 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_4" title="John 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_5" title="John 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_6" title="John 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_7" title="John 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_8" title="John 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_9" title="John 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_10" title="John 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_12" title="John 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Glory" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Glory">Book of Glory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_13" title="John 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_14" title="John 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_15" title="John 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_16" title="John 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_17" title="John 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_18" title="John 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_19" title="John 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_20" title="John 20">20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_21" title="John 21">Epilogue: 21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_John_verses" title="Category:Gospel of John verses">Verses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">John 1:1</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:20" title="John 1:20">20</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:23" title="John 1:23">23</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:25" title="John 1:25">25</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:33" title="John 1:33">33</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:35" title="John 1:35">35</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:42" title="John 1:42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_3:16" title="John 3:16">3:16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">14:6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_18:38" title="John 18:38">18:38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:John_20" title="Category:John 20">20:1–31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events<br />(chronological)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_at_Cana" title="Wedding at Cana">Wedding at Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">Bread of Life Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_man_blind_from_birth" title="Healing the man blind from birth">Healing a blind man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_paralytic_at_Bethesda" title="Healing the paralytic at Bethesda">Healing a paralytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_royal_official%27s_son" title="Healing the royal official's son">Healing a sick son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_the_woman_taken_in_adultery" title="Jesus and the woman taken in adultery">Jesus and the woman taken in adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">Raising of Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Peter" title="Restoration of Peter">Restoration of Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">In the beginning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Disciple whom Jesus loved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo" title="Ecce homo">Ecce homo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Feast of Dedication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Commandment" title="New Commandment">"Love one another"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_wept" title="Jesus wept">Jesus wept</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quod_scripsi,_scripsi" title="Quod scripsi, scripsi">Quod scripsi, scripsi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_they_all_may_be_one" title="That they all may be one">That they all may be one</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">Via et veritas et vita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_truth_will_set_you_free" title="The truth will set you free">The truth will set you free</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus" title="Malchus">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Ænon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethabara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethabara">Bethabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cana" title="Cana">Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Well" title="Jacob's Well">Jacob's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Porch" title="Solomon's Porch">Solomon's Porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Sychar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Ego_eimi" title="Ego eimi">I AM</a>" sayings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_am_(biblical_term)" title="I am (biblical term)">I am (biblical term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">Bread of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_World" title="Light of the World">Light of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_10" title="John 10">Gate for the Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Shepherd" title="Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">Resurrectio et Vita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">Via et veritas et vita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Vine" title="True Vine">True Vine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Johannine_literature" title="Holy Spirit in Johannine literature">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_John" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of John">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon of John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Apocalypse_of_John" title="Second Apocalypse of John">Second Apocalypse of John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_John_(Pillar_New_Testament_Commentary)" title="The Gospel According to John (Pillar New Testament Commentary)">Pillar New Testament Commentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion" title="St John Passion">St John Passion</a></i> (J. S. Bach, 1724) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion_structure" title="St John Passion structure">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion_discography" title="St John Passion discography">Discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passio_(P%C3%A4rt)" title="Passio (Pärt)">Passio</a></i> (Pärt, 1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2003_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2003 film)">The Gospel of John</a></i> (2003 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2014_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2014 film)">The Gospel of John</a></i> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrus 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_6" title="Papyrus 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_22" title="Papyrus 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_28" title="Papyrus 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_36" title="Papyrus 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_39" title="Papyrus 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_44" title="Papyrus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52" title="Rylands Library Papyrus P52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_55" title="Papyrus 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_59" title="Papyrus 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_60" title="Papyrus 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_63" title="Papyrus 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_66" title="Papyrus 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_76" title="Papyrus 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_80" title="Papyrus 80">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_84" title="Papyrus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_90" title="Papyrus 90">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_93" title="Papyrus 93">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_95" title="Papyrus 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_106" title="Papyrus 106">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_107" title="Papyrus 107">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_108" title="Papyrus 108">108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_109" title="Papyrus 109">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_119" title="Papyrus 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_120" title="Papyrus 120">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_121" title="Papyrus 121">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_122" title="Papyrus 122">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_128" title="Papyrus 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Ιωάννην">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Ioannes" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Ioannes">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/John">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/John">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/John">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/21px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/42px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Gospel of John</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John" class="extiw" title="c:Gospel of John">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John" class="extiw" title="q:Gospel of John">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/John_(Bible)" class="extiw" title="s:John (Bible)">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 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