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href="/wiki/File:Commons_Public_Bill_Committee_(2).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Commons_Public_Bill_Committee_%282%29.png/350px-Commons_Public_Bill_Committee_%282%29.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Commons_Public_Bill_Committee_%282%29.png/525px-Commons_Public_Bill_Committee_%282%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Commons_Public_Bill_Committee_%282%29.png 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption>A public bill committee circa 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">British House of Commons</a>, <b>public bill committees</b> (known as <b>standing committees</b> before 2006<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) consider Bills – proposed <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of Parliament">Acts of Parliament</a>. The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> does not have such committees, as Bills are usually considered by the House as a whole. </p><p>When a Bill has received its <a href="/wiki/Second_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Reading">Second Reading</a> in the House of Commons, it reaches its committee stage. The Bill is then usually sent to a public bill committee for consideration. However, some bills are considered not by a public bill committee but by a Committee of the Whole House; in this case, amendments are proposed and discussed by the entire House of Commons. This applies to some key clauses of Finance Bills, which are proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> every year in March/April, and to some occasional bills that are important, large scale or controversial, such as the House of Lords Reform Bill 1999<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This needs the equivalent webpage to the citation for the Rwanda bill (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Bill.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The job of public bill committees is to debate and consider amendments to a Bill. The committee considers each Bill clause by clause, and may amend it (the House then considers the bill as amended at the Bill's Report Stage). Under the post-2006 House of Commons procedure, public bill committees may take a limited amount of evidence (akin to a <a href="/wiki/Select_committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Select committee (United Kingdom)">select committee</a>) on certain bills committed to them. Members of the public can make written submissions to public bill committees after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Reading">Second Reading</a> debate, by emailing the Scrutiny Unit.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The composition of the committee is roughly proportional to that of the House itself, so it is rare that amendments are accepted that are contrary to a majority Government's wishes. As the overall purpose of a Bill has been set by its <a href="/wiki/Second_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Reading">Second Reading</a> in the House, amendments at the committee stage may not make drastic changes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_bill_committee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/stand.htm">House of Commons – Public Bill Committees</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3540/stages/18251">"Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Bill"</a>. <i>UK Parliament</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Safety+of+Rwanda+%28Asylum+and+Immigration%29+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbills.parliament.uk%2Fbills%2F3540%2Fstages%2F18251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+bill+committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/offices/commons/scrutinyunit/written-submissions">House of Commons – Public Bill Committee Written Submissions</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UKParliamentCommittees" title="Template:UKParliamentCommittees"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UKParliamentCommittees" title="Template talk:UKParliamentCommittees"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UKParliamentCommittees" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UKParliamentCommittees"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_parliamentary_committees_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committees_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliamentary committees of the United Kingdom">parliamentary committees of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:white;background:#217B02;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom"><span style="color: white">Commons</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#217B02;">Departmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Trade_Select_Committee" title="Business and Trade Select Committee">Business and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Select_Committee" title="Defence Select Committee">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Select_Committee" title="Education Select Committee">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Security_and_Net_Zero_Select_Committee" title="Energy Security and Net Zero Select Committee">Energy Security and Net Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee">Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Foreign Affairs Select Committee">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_Select_Committee" title="Health and Social Care Select Committee">Health and Social Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Home Affairs Select Committee">Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing,_Communities_and_Local_Government_Committee" title="Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee">Housing, Communities and Local Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Committee" title="International Development Committee">International Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Select_Committee" title="Justice Select Committee">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee">Northern Ireland Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science,_Innovation_and_Technology_Select_Committee" title="Science, Innovation and Technology Select Committee">Science, Innovation and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Affairs Committee">Scottish Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Select_Committee" title="Transport Select Committee">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Select_Committee" title="Treasury Select Committee">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Welsh Affairs Select Committee">Welsh Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_and_Pensions_Select_Committee" title="Work and Pensions Select Committee">Work and Pensions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#217B02;">Topical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committees_on_Arms_Export_Controls" title="Committees on Arms Export Controls">Arms Export Controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Audit_Select_Committee" title="Environmental Audit Select Committee">Environmental Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petitions_Committee" title="Petitions Committee">Petitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Accounts_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)">Public Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Administration_and_Constitutional_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee">Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_Committee_on_Statutory_Instruments" title="Select Committee on Statutory Instruments">Statutory Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_Equalities_Committee" title="Women and Equalities Committee">Women and Equalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#217B02;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_Chairs" title="Panel of Chairs">Panel of Chairs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Public bill committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegated_legislation_committee" title="Delegated legislation committee">Delegated legislation committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_committee" title="European committee">European committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Grand_Committee" title="Northern Ireland Grand Committee">Northern Ireland Grand Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Affairs_Committee" title="Regional Affairs Committee">Regional Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Grand_Committee" title="Scottish Grand Committee">Scottish Grand Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Grand_Committee" title="Welsh Grand Committee">Welsh Grand Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#217B02;">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_Committee" title="Administration Committee">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Committee_(House_of_Commons)" title="Finance Committee (House of Commons)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backbench_Business_Committee" title="Backbench Business Committee">Backbench Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_Committee_(House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom)" title="Liaison Committee (House of Commons of the United Kingdom)">Liaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedure_Committee" title="Procedure Committee">Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Selection_(House_of_Commons)" title="Committee of Selection (House of Commons)">Selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons_Select_Committee_on_Standards" title="Commons Select Committee on Standards">Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons_Select_Committee_of_Privileges" title="Commons Select Committee of Privileges">Privileges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Works_of_Art" title="Advisory Committee on Works of Art">Works of Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#217B02;">Statutory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Commission" title="House of Commons Commission">House of Commons Commission</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Commission#Estimates_and_related_committees" title="House of Commons Commission">Administration Estimate Audit</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Commission#Estimates_and_related_committees" title="House of Commons Commission">Members Estimate</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Commission#Estimates_and_related_committees" title="House of Commons Commission">Members Estimate Audit</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Accounts_Commission" title="Public Accounts Commission">Public Accounts Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker%27s_Committee_on_the_Electoral_Commission" title="Speaker's Committee on the Electoral Commission">Speaker's Committee on the Electoral Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker%27s_Committee_for_the_Independent_Parliamentary_Standards_Authority" title="Speaker's Committee for the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority">Speaker's Committee for the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:white;background:#BC0101;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords"><span style="color: white">Lords</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#BC0101;">Topical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_and_Digital_Committee" title="Communications and Digital Committee">Communications and Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Committee" title="Constitution Committee">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegated_Powers_and_Regulatory_Reform_Select_Committee" title="Delegated Powers and Regulatory Reform Select Committee">Delegated Powers and Regulatory Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(House_of_Lords)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (House of Lords)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Affairs_Committee_(House_of_Lords)" title="European Affairs Committee (House of Lords)">European Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Agreements_Committee" title="International Agreements Committee">International Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Relations_and_Defence_Committee" title="International Relations and Defence Committee">International Relations and Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_Legislation_Scrutiny_Committee" title="Secondary Legislation Scrutiny Committee">Secondary Legislation Scrutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Committee_(House_of_Lords)" title="Science and Technology Committee (House of Lords)">Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#BC0101;">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_Instruments_Committee" title="Hybrid Instruments Committee">Hybrid Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Orders_Committee" title="Standing Orders Committee">Standing Orders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#BC0101;">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Commission" title="House of Lords Commission">Lords Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Committee_(House_of_Lords)" title="Finance Committee (House of Lords)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_Committee_(House_of_Lords)" title="Liaison Committee (House of Lords)">Liaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conduct_Committee" title="Conduct Committee">Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedure_and_Privileges_Committee" title="Procedure and Privileges Committee">Procedure and Privileges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Selection_(House_of_Lords)" title="Committee of Selection (House of Lords)">Selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;color:white;background:#BC0101;">Domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Services_Committee" title="Services Committee">Services</a></li> <li><a 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