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Aleksander Fredro – Wikipedia

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Tillgänglig på 24 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Александер Фредро – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александер Фредро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Αλεξάντερ Φρέντρο – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλεξάντερ Φρέντρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fredro" title="Alexander Fredro – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alexander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="الکساندر فردرو – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر فردرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD" title="アレクサンデル・フレドロ – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンデル・フレドロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80" title="Фредро, Александр – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фредро, Александр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4e%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Александeр Фредро – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александeр Фредро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Александер Фредро – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Александер Фредро" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aleksander Fredro" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q380506#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Aleksander_Fredro.PNG/285px-Aleksander_Fredro.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Aleksander_Fredro.PNG/380px-Aleksander_Fredro.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2118" data-file-height="2387" /></a><figcaption>Aleksander Fredro.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aleksander Fredro</b>, född <a href="/wiki/20_juni" title="20 juni">20 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a>, död <a href="/wiki/15_juli" title="15 juli">15 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polsk</a> <a href="/wiki/Greve" title="Greve">greve</a> och <a href="/wiki/Dramatiker" title="Dramatiker">dramatiker</a>. Han var far till <a href="/wiki/Jan_Aleksander_Fredro" title="Jan Aleksander Fredro">Jan Aleksander Fredro</a>. </p><p>Fredro var officer i fransk tjänst under <a href="/wiki/Napoleontiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleontiden">Napoleontiden</a>. Han försökte sig redan som tolvåring på att skriva en <a href="/wiki/Komedi" title="Komedi">komedi</a>, kom under en stationering i <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> att fatta starkt intresse för fransk teaterkonst och <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a> i synnerhet. Efter att ha offentliggjort bortåt ett tjugotal komedier, av vilka åtskilliga uppförts, upphörde Fredro, som sårats av skarp kritik, från mitten av 1830-talet att låta trycka sina alster och efterlämnade vid sin död ett tiotal outgivna pjäser. </p><p>Flera av Fredros stycken, såsom <i>Herr Geldhab</i>, <i>Man och hustru</i>, <i>Den första bästa</i>, <i>Damer och husarer</i>, <i>Hämnden</i>, hörde efter författarens död till den polska scenens repertoar. De utmärker sig genom dramatiska fart och ger uppmuntrande karakteristiker av sin tids samhällstyper. Fredro författade även tre band <a href="/wiki/Memoarer" class="mw-redirect" title="Memoarer">memoarer</a> och skrev en rad <a href="/wiki/Dikter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dikter">dikter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ballader" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballader">ballader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabler" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabler">fabler</a> och <a href="/wiki/Satirer" class="mw-redirect" title="Satirer">satirer</a>). Fredros samlade skrifter utgavs från 1926 i åtta band. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svenska_översättningar"><span id="Svenska_.C3.B6vers.C3.A4ttningar"></span>Svenska översättningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksander_Fredro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Svenska översättningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksander_Fredro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Svenska översättningar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Två polska komedier (<i>Damy i huzary</i> och <i>Zemsta</i>) (tolkade och kommenterade av <a href="/wiki/Lennart_Kjellberg_(%C3%B6vers%C3%A4ttare)" title="Lennart Kjellberg (översättare)">Lennart Kjellberg</a>) (Seminariet i Polens kultur och historia, Uppsala universitet, 2002) [innehåll: Damer och husarer; Hämnden]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksander_Fredro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksander_Fredro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Svensk_uppslagsbok" title="Svensk uppslagsbok">Svensk uppslagsbok</a></i>, Malmö 1932</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox navbox-thlinkcolor" style="border-spacing:0; 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color: white;;;">Frankrike</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Bertrand" title="Aloysius Bertrand">Bertrand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas_den_%C3%A4ldre" title="Alexandre Dumas den äldre">Dumas</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Gautier</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Mérimée</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Musset</a> · <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Nerval</a> · <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nodier" title="Charles Nodier">Nodier</a> · <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Norden</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jonas_Love_Almqvist" title="Carl Jonas Love Almqvist">Almqvist</a> · <a href="/wiki/H.C._Andersen" title="H.C. Andersen">Andersen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Per_Daniel_Amadeus_Atterbom" title="Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom">Atterbom</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Frederik_Severin_Grundtvig" title="Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Heidenstam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adam_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Adam Oehlenschläger">Oehlenschläger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erik_Johan_Stagnelius" title="Erik Johan Stagnelius">Stagnelius</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Henrik_Wergeland" title="Henrik Wergeland">Wergeland</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Ryssland</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nikoloz_Baratasjvili" title="Nikoloz Baratasjvili">Baratasjvili</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jevgenij_Baratynskij" title="Jevgenij Baratynskij">Baratynskij</a> · <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Batiusjkov" title="Konstantin Batiusjkov">Batiusjkov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Karamzin" title="Nikolaj Karamzin">Karamzin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Michail_Lermontov" title="Michail Lermontov">Lermontov</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Fjodor_Tiuttjev" title="Fjodor Tiuttjev">Tiuttjev</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tjavtjavadze" title="Alexander Tjavtjavadze">Tjavtjavadze</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Vjazemskij" title="Pjotr Vjazemskij">Vjazemskij</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vasilij_Zjukovskij" title="Vasilij Zjukovskij">Zjukovskij</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Storbritannien</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Laetitia_Barbauld" title="Anna Laetitia Barbauld">Barbauld</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a> · <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a> · <a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">Clare</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Quincey" title="Thomas de Quincey">de Quincey</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_Polidori" title="John Polidori">Polidori</a> · <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">M. Shelley</a> · <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">P.B. Shelley</a> · <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Southey</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Tyskland</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">A. v. Arnim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">B. v. Arnim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Brentano</a> · <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph von Eichendorff">Eichendorff</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_de_la_Motte_Fouqu%C3%A9" title="Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué">Fouqué</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B6derna_Grimm" title="Bröderna Grimm">Bröderna Grimm</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Karl_Gutzkow" title="Karl Gutzkow">Gutzkow</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hauff" title="Wilhelm Hauff">Hauff</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/E.T.A._Hoffmann" title="E.T.A. Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Kleist</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Mörike</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Schwab" title="Gustav Schwab">Schwab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Uhland</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">USA</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">Bryant</a> · <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">Cooper</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Longfellow</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Poe</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chatjatur_Abovjan" title="Chatjatur Abovjan">Abovjan</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar" title="José de Alencar">Alencar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Alfieri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Assis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer">Bécquer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Christo_Botev" title="Christo Botev">Botev</a> · <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Branco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Eminescu</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda" title="José de Espronceda">Espronceda</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Foscolo</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Naim_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Naim Frashëri">Frashëri</a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fredro</a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Garrett</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano">Herculano</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Jakšić</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Krasiński">Krasiński</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Lenau</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Leopardi</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha" title="Karel Hynek Mácha">Mácha</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Manzoni</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Mickiewicz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Njegoš</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cyprian_Kamil_Norwid" title="Cyprian Kamil Norwid">Norwid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jan_Potocki" title="Jan Potocki">Potocki</a> · <a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">Prešeren</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3:e_hertig_av_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3:e hertig av Rivas">Saavedra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taras_Sjevtjenko" title="Taras Sjevtjenko">Sjevtjenko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Słowacki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty" title="Mihály Vörösmarty">Vörösmarty</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla_y_Moral" title="José Zorrilla y Moral">Zorrilla</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;"><a href="/wiki/Romantikens_musik" title="Romantikens musik"><span style="color: white">Musiker</span></a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Frankrike</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jacques_Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Jacques Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(komposit%C3%B6r)" title="George Onslow (kompositör)">Onslow</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Italien</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gioacchino_Rossini" title="Gioacchino Rossini">Rossini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Ryssland</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Modest_Musorgskij" title="Modest Musorgskij">Musorgskij</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Rimskij-Korsakov" title="Nikolaj Rimskij-Korsakov">Rimskij-Korsakov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Skrjabin" title="Aleksandr Skrjabin">Skrjabin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Tjajkovskij" title="Pjotr Tjajkovskij">Tjajkovskij</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Tyskland</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Fanny_Hensel" title="Fanny Hensel">Hensel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a> · <a href="/wiki/Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a> · <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a> · <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a> · <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Österrike</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Thalberg" title="Sigismund Thalberg">Thalberg</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Wolf</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a> · <a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a> · <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_Field" title="John Field">Field</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Paderewski" title="Ignaz Paderewski">Paderewski</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: Purple; color: white;;;"><a href="/wiki/Romantikens_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantikens filosofi"><span style="color: white">Filosofer</span></a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Belinskij" title="Vissarion Belinskij">Belinskij</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Jacob_Bostr%C3%B6m" title="Christopher Jacob Boström">Boström</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Chomjakov" title="Aleksej Chomjakov">Chomjakov</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Frederik_Severin_Grundtvig" title="Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a> · <a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Leigh_Hunt" title="Leigh Hunt">Hunt</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Hughes_Felicit%C3%A9_Robert_de_Lamennais" title="Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais">Lamennais</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Michelet</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller_von_Nitterdorf" title="Adam Müller von Nitterdorf">Nitterdorf</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Quinet</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">A. Schlegel</a> ·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">F. 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