CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Battle of Baltimore - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9932af36-9df4-4330-b851-707dd9a6bc54","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Battle_of_Baltimore","wgTitle":"Battle of Baltimore","wgCurRevisionId":1258705774,"wgRevisionId":1258705774,"wgArticleId":1048709,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1: long volume value","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Royal Naval Biography (1823)","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the RNB (1823) with Wikisource reference","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from July 2022","Use American English from July 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in American English", "Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles to be expanded from May 2016","All articles to be expanded","Articles needing additional references from September 2017","All articles needing additional references","Commons category link is on Wikidata","1814 in the United States","Battles of the War of 1812","Battles in Maryland","Battles of the Chesapeake campaign","1810s in Baltimore","Battles involving the United Kingdom","1814 in Maryland","Conflicts in 1814","The Star-Spangled Banner","September 1814 events","James Buchanan"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Battle_of_Baltimore","wgRelevantArticleId":1048709,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":39.263333333333335,"lon":-76.57972222222222},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1850527","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents", "ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="878"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg/800px-Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="586"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg/640px-Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="469"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Battle of Baltimore - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Battle_of_Baltimore rootpage-Battle_of_Baltimore skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Baltimore" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Baltimore" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Baltimore" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Baltimore" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposing_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposing_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Opposing forces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opposing_forces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opposing forces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opposing_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-10th_Military_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10th_Military_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>10th Military District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10th_Military_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>British</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_Point" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Point"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>North Point</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Point-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hampstead_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hampstead_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hampstead Hill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hampstead_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fort_McHenry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fort_McHenry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fort McHenry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fort_McHenry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Star_Spangled_Banner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Star_Spangled_Banner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Star Spangled Banner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Star_Spangled_Banner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources and further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Baltimore</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Baltimore" title="Schlacht von Baltimore – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Baltimore" title="Batalla de Baltimore – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Baltimore" title="Bataille de Baltimore – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%8B%B0%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="볼티모어 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼티모어 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Baltimore" title="Pertempuran Baltimore – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Baltimora" title="Battaglia di Baltimora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Baltimora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A2%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="ボルティモアの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボルティモアの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Baltimore" title="Bitwa pod Baltimore – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Битва за Балтимор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва за Балтимор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimoren_taistelu" title="Baltimoren taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baltimoren taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E7%9A%84%E6%91%A9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="巴爾的摩戰役 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴爾的摩戰役" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1850527#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Baltimore" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Battle_of_Baltimore" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Battle_of_Baltimore" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&oldid=1258705774" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Battle_of_Baltimore&id=1258705774&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Baltimore"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Baltimore"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Baltimore" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1850527" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Baltimore&params=39_15_48_N_76_34_47_W_type:landmark_region:US-MD"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°15′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°34′47″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.26333°N 76.57972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.26333; -76.57972</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1814 battle during the War of 1812</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Baltimore</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg/300px-Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg/450px-Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg/600px-Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="735" /></a></span><br />The bombardment of Fort McHenry by the British, engraving by John Bower<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>September 12–15, 1814</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Baltimore&params=39_15_48_N_76_34_47_W_type:landmark_region:US-MD"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°15′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°34′47″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.26333°N 76.57972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.26333; -76.57972</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> American victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Samuel Smith</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Stricker" title="John Stricker">John Stricker</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Armistead" title="George Armistead">George Armistead</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ross_(British_Army_officer)" title="Robert Ross (British Army officer)">Robert Ross</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cochrane" title="Alexander Cochrane">Alexander Cochrane</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brooke_(lieutenant-general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Brooke (lieutenant-general)">Arthur Brooke</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>North Point:</b><br /> 3,000<br /><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a><br /><b>Hampstead Hill</b> <br />10,000 regulars<br /> 2,000–5,000 infantry militia,<br /> 100+ <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">Guns</a><br /> <b>Fort McHenry:</b> <br /> 1,000 infantry militia<br /> <br />20 <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">artillery pieces</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><b>Additional Defense:</b> <br /> 8,000 militia<br />150 <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">artillery pieces</a><br /><b>Total:</b> <br />22,000–25,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>Land:</b><br />5,000 <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a><br /><b>Sea:</b><br />19 <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>North Point & Hampstead Hill:</b><br />24 killed,<br />139 wounded,<br /> 50 captured<br /><b>Fort McHenry:</b><br />4 killed,<br />24 wounded<br /><b>Total:</b><br />28 killed,<br /> 163 wounded,<br />50 captured<sup id="cite_ref-Borneman_p.246_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borneman_p.246-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>North Point & Hampstead Hill:</b><br />39–46 killed, <br /> 251–295 wounded<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-James513_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James513-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-James521_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James521-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Fort McHenry:</b><br />1 wounded<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Total:</b><br />39–46 killed,<br />252–296 wounded</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chesapeake_Campaign_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/Chesapeake_Campaign_Map.jpg/305px-Chesapeake_Campaign_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/Chesapeake_Campaign_Map.jpg/458px-Chesapeake_Campaign_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/91/Chesapeake_Campaign_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chesapeake_campaign1813–1814" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Chesapeake_campaign" title="Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Chesapeake campaign"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Chesapeake_campaign" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War of 1812: Chesapeake campaign"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Chesapeake_campaign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Chesapeake campaign"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chesapeake_campaign1813–1814" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_campaign" title="Chesapeake campaign"><span class="wrap">Chesapeake campaign</span></a><br />1813–1814</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1813</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Havre_de_Grace" title="Raid on Havre de Grace">Havre de Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craney_Island" title="Battle of Craney Island">Craney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocracoke_raid" title="Ocracoke raid">Ocracoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Michaels" title="Battle of St. Michaels">1st St. Michaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St._Michaels" title="Second Battle of St. Michaels">2nd St. Michaels</a></li></ul> <p><b>1814</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Chesconessex_Creek" title="Raid on Chesconessex Creek">Chesconessex Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Bladensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Alexandria_(Virginia)" title="Raid on Alexandria (Virginia)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caulk%27s_Field" title="Battle of Caulk's Field">Caulk's Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point" title="Battle of North Point">North Point</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_at_Farnham_Church" title="Skirmish at Farnham Church">Farnham Church</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Naval_battles_of_the_War_of_1812" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Naval" title="Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Naval"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Naval" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War of 1812: Naval"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Naval" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Naval"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Naval_battles_of_the_War_of_1812" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Naval battles of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Atlantic Ocean</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Essex_vs_HMS_Alert" title="USS Essex vs HMS Alert">USS <i>Essex</i> vs HMS <i>Alert</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution_vs_HMS_Guerriere" title="USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere">USS <i>Constitution</i> vs HMS <i>Guerriere</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Frolic" title="Capture of HMS Frolic">Capture of HMS <i>Frolic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_United_States_vs_HMS_Macedonian" title="USS United States vs HMS Macedonian">USS <i>United States</i> vs HMS <i>Macedonian</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Java_(1811)#Engagement_with_USS_Constitution" title="HMS Java (1811)">USS <i>Constitution</i> vs HMS <i>Java</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Peacock" title="Sinking of HMS Peacock">Sinking of HMS <i>Peacock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rappahannock_River" title="Battle of Rappahannock River">Rappahannock River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Chesapeake" title="Capture of USS Chesapeake">Capture of USS <i>Chesapeake</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Teazer" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Teazer">Capture of the Young Teazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Dominica" title="Capture of HMS Dominica">Capture of HMS <i>Dominica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Argus_(1803)#Capture_by_HMS_Pelican" title="USS Argus (1803)">Capture of USS <i>Argus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Boxer" title="Capture of HMS Boxer">Capture of HMS <i>Boxer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Frolic_(1813)#Career" title="USS Frolic (1813)">Capture of USS <i>Frolic</i> </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Epervier" title="Capture of HMS Epervier">Capture of HMS <i>Epervier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Reindeer" title="Sinking of HMS Reindeer">Sinking of HMS <i>Reindeer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Avon" title="Sinking of HMS Avon">Sinking of HMS <i>Avon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fayal" title="Battle of Fayal">Fayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_President" title="Capture of USS President">Capture of USS <i>President</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Cyane_and_HMS_Levant" title="Capture of HMS Cyane and HMS Levant">Capture of HMS <i>Cyane</i> and HMS <i>Levant</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Penguin" title="Capture of HMS Penguin">Capture of HMS <i>Penguin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_East_India_Company_ship_Nautilus" title="Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus">Capture of East India Company ship <i>Nautilus</i></a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>East Coast</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Lewes" title="Bombardment of Lewes">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_cutter_Eagle" title="Defense of the cutter Eagle">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Alexandria_(Virginia)" title="Raid on Alexandria (Virginia)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampden" title="Battle of Hampden">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Peter" title="Battle of Fort Peter">Fort Peter</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Great Lakes / Saint Lawrence River</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Ontario" title="Engagements on Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Sacket%27s_Harbor" title="First Battle of Sacket's Harbor">1st Sacket's Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Caledonia_and_HMS_Detroit" title="Capture of HMS Caledonia and HMS Detroit">Capture of HMS <i>Caledonia</i> and HMS <i>Detroit</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York" title="Battle of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_George" title="Battle of Fort George">Fort George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Sacket%27s_Harbor" title="Second Battle of Sacket's Harbor">2nd Sacket's Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Oswego_(1814)" title="Battle of Fort Oswego (1814)">Fort Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Huron" title="Engagements on Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plattsburgh" title="Battle of Plattsburgh">Lake Champlain</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>West Indies / Gulf Coast</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Guaira_(1812)" title="Battle of La Guaira (1812)">La Guaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bowyer#First_battle" title="Fort Bowyer">1st Fort Bowyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Borgne" title="Battle of Lake Borgne">Lake Borgne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St._Philip_(1815)" title="Siege of Fort St. Philip (1815)">Fort St. Philip</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Pacific Ocean</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_James_Island" title="Action off James Island">James Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_Charles_Island" title="Action off Charles Island">Charles Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva_Campaign" title="Nuku Hiva Campaign">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Battle of Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Baltimore</b> (September 12–15, 1814) took place between British and American forces in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. American forces repulsed sea and land invasions off the busy port city of <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, and killed the commander of the invading British forces. </p><p>The British and Americans first met at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point" title="Battle of North Point">Battle of North Point</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-James321_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James321-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the Americans retreated, the battle was a successful delaying action that inflicted heavy casualties on the British, halted their advance, and allowed the defenders at Baltimore to prepare for an attack. </p><p>The resistance of Baltimore's <a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a> during bombardment by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> inspired <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key" title="Francis Scott Key">Francis Scott Key</a> to compose the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry", which later became the lyrics for "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>," the national anthem of the United States. </p><p>Future U.S. president <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> served as a private in the defense of Baltimore. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until April 1814, Britain was at <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">war against Napoleonic France</a>, which limited British war aims in America. Meanwhile, the British primarily used a defensive strategy and repelled American invasions of the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. The Americans gained naval control over <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> in 1813 and seized parts of western Ontario. In the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Territory</a>, in an area in modern central <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> General <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> destroyed the military strength of the <a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Creek</a> nation at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1814)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)">Battle of Horseshoe Bend</a> in 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Great Britain was unwilling to draw military forces from the war with France, it still enjoyed a naval superiority on the ocean, and vessels of North America and West Indies Squadron, based at <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, blockaded American ports on the Atlantic throughout the war, strangling the American economy. Initially, the north-eastern ports were spared this blockade as public sentiments in New York and New England were against the war.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Navy and Royal Marines also occupied American coastal islands and landed military forces for raids along the coast, especially around the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>, encouraging enslaved blacks to defect to the Crown and recruiting them into the <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Colonial_Marines" title="Corps of Colonial Marines">Corps of Colonial Marines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in the spring of 1814, the British adopted a more aggressive strategy, intended to compel the United States to negotiate a peace that restored the pre-war <a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">status quo</a>. Thousands of seasoned British soldiers were deployed to <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>. Most went to the Canadas to re-enforce the defenders. The British Army, Canadian militias, and their <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> allies drove the American invaders back into the United States. Without naval control of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> they were unable to receive supplies, resulting in the British failure to capture <a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Plattsburgh (city), New York">Plattsburgh</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plattsburgh" title="Battle of Plattsburgh">Second Battle of Lake Champlain</a> and their withdrawal from US territory.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A brigade under the command of <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ross_(British_Army_officer)" title="Robert Ross (British Army officer)">Robert Ross</a> was sent in early July with several naval vessels to join the forces already operating from <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>. The combined forces were to be used for diversionary raids along the Atlantic coast, intended to force the Americans to withdraw forces from Canada. Some historians claim that they were under orders not to carry out any extended operations and were restricted to targets on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the British had launched three major operations targeting the three largest ports of America at Baltimore, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plattsburgh" title="Battle of Plattsburgh">New York City, via Lake Champlain and the Hudson River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">in New Orleans</a> from August 1814 to February 1815. Each of these three expeditions had over 10,000 British Army troops, many of them the best soldiers and officers from the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, so they were not just minor diversionary raids. Britain had already captured most of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> and re-established the <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(Maine)" title="New Ireland (Maine)">New Ireland</a> in September 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An ambitious raid was planned as the result of a letter sent to Bermuda on 2 June by <a href="/wiki/George_Pr%C3%A9vost" class="mw-redirect" title="George Prévost">Sir George Prévost</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors-General_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors-General of Canada">Governor General</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Canadas" title="The Canadas">The Canadas</a>, who called for retaliation in response to the "wanton destruction of private property along the north shores of Lake Erie" by American forces under Colonel John Campbell in May, the most notable being the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Port_Dover" title="Raid on Port Dover">Raid on Port Dover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006402_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006402-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prévost argued that, </p> <blockquote><p>... in consequence of the late disgraceful conduct of the American troops in the wanton destruction of private property on the north shores of Lake Erie, in order that if the war with the United States continues you may, should you judge it advisable, assist in inflicting that measure of retaliation which shall deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006402_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006402-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The letter was considered by Ross and Vice-Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cochrane" title="Alexander Cochrane">Alexander Cochrane</a>, who had replaced Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Borlase_Warren,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Borlase Warren, 1st Baronet">John Borlase Warren</a> earlier that year as the Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/North_America_and_West_Indies_Station" title="North America and West Indies Station">North America and West Indies Station</a> of the Royal Navy, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_House,_Bermuda" title="Admiralty House, Bermuda">Admiralty House</a> in Bermuda, in planning how to use their forces. Cochrane's junior, Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/George_Cockburn" class="mw-redirect" title="George Cockburn">George Cockburn</a>, had been commanding ships of the squadron in the operations on the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a> since the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997101_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997101-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 June he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak, and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997100_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997100-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> and Philadelphia. On 17 July, Cockburn recommended Washington as the target, because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and "the greater political effect likely to result".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997101_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997101-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 July, Cochrane ordered Cockburn that to "deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages<span class="nowrap"> </span>..." You are hereby required and directed to "destroy and lay waste such towns and districts as you may find assailable".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006414_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006414-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cochrane instructed, "You will spare merely the lives of the unarmed inhabitants of the United States". </p><p>In August, the vessels in Bermuda sailed from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Dockyard,_Bermuda" title="Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda">Royal Naval Dockyard</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s,_Bermuda" title="St. George's, Bermuda">St. George's</a> to join those already operating along the American Atlantic coast. After defeating a US Navy gunboat flotilla, a military force totaling 4,370, composed of British Army, Royal Marines, and Royal Navy detachments for shore service, under Ross was landed in Virginia. After beating off an American force of 1,200 on the 23rd, on the 24th they attacked the prepared defenses of the main American force of roughly 6,400 US Army soldiers, militiamen, US Marines, and US Navy sailors in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Battle of Bladensburg</a>. </p><p>Despite the considerable disadvantage in numbers, as <a href="/wiki/Force_concentration#Hypothetical_example" title="Force concentration">standard military logic</a> dictates that a three-to-one advantage is needed in carrying out an attack on prepared defenses, and sustaining heavy casualties, the British force routed the American defenders and cleared the path into the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">capital</a>. President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> and the entire government fled the city, and went North, to the town of <a href="/wiki/Brookeville,_Maryland" title="Brookeville, Maryland">Brookeville, Maryland</a>. </p><p>On 24 August 1814, British troops led by Rear Admiral George Cockburn and Major General <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ross_(British_Army_officer)" title="Robert Ross (British Army officer)">Robert Ross</a> entered Washington and captured the city with a force of 4,500 "battle-hardened" men, during the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">burning of Washington</a>. British troops, commanded by Ross, set fire to a number of public buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>. Extensive damage to the interiors and the contents of both were reported.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British forces returned to their ships.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British sent a fleet up the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac</a> to cut off Washington's water access and threaten the prosperous ports of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, just downstream of Washington, and <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a>, just upstream. The mere appearance of the fleet cowed American defenders into fleeing from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Park" title="Fort Washington Park">Fort Warburton</a> without firing a shot, and undefended Alexandria surrendered. The British spent several days looting hundreds of tons of merchandise from city merchants. </p><p>They then turned their attention north to Baltimore, where they hoped to strike a powerful blow against the demoralized Americans. Baltimore was a busy port and was thought by the British to harbor many of the <a href="/wiki/Privateering" class="mw-redirect" title="Privateering">privateers</a> who were raiding British shipping. The British planned a combined operation, with Ross launching a land attack at <a href="/wiki/Dundalk,_Maryland" title="Dundalk, Maryland">North Point</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vice-Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Admiral">Vice-Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cochrane" title="Alexander Cochrane">Sir Alexander Cochrane</a> laying siege to Fort McHenry, which was the point defensive installation in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Harbor" title="Inner Harbor">Baltimore Harbor</a>. </p><p>Baltimore's defenses had been planned in advance and overseen by the state militia commander, Major General <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Samuel Smith</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposing_forces">Opposing forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Opposing forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American">American</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="10th_Military_District">10th Military District</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 10th Military District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brigadier General William Winder, U.S. Army</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25%">Division </th> <th width="25%">Brigade </th> <th>Regiments and other </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"> <p>Third Division Maryland Militia<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />      <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Major General Samuel Smith</a> </p> </td> <td>First Brigade (<a href="/wiki/Harford_County,_Maryland" title="Harford County, Maryland">Harford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland" title="Cecil County, Maryland">Cecil</a> Counties)<sup id="cite_ref-hhdef_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhdef-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Brig. Gen. Thomas M. Forman</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>30th Regiment</li> <li>40th Regiment</li> <li>42nd Regiment</li> <li>49th Regiment</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Brigade (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore city</a>) <ul><li>Brig. Gen. John Stricker</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>5th Regiment: Lt. Col. Joseph Sterrett <ul><li>York Volunteers (PA): Capt. Michael L. Spangler</li></ul></li> <li>6th Regiment: Lt. Col. William McDonald <ul><li>Marietta Volunteers (PA): Capt. John G. Dixon</li></ul></li> <li>27th Regiment: Lt. Col. Kennedy Long</li> <li>39th Regiment: Lt. Col. Benjamin Fowler <ul><li>Hanover Volunteers (PA): Capt. Frederick Metzger</li> <li>Hagerstown Volunteers (MD): Capt. Thomas Quantrill</li></ul></li> <li>51st Regiment: Lt. Col. Henry Amey</li> <li>1st Rifle Battalion: Maj. William Pinkney</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eleventh Brigade (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-hhdef_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhdef-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Brig. Gen. Tobias E. Stansbury</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>7th Regiment</li> <li>15th Regiment</li> <li>36th Regiment</li> <li>41st Regiment</li> <li>46th Regiment</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1st Regiment of Artillery <ul><li>Lt. Col. David Harris</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Baltimore Union Artillery: Capt. John Montgomery<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Columbian Artillery: Capt. Samuel Moale</li> <li>Franklin Artillery: Capt. John Myers</li> <li>United Maryland Artillery: Capt. James Piper</li> <li>1st Baltimore Volunteer Artillery: Capt. Abraham Pyke</li> <li>Eagle Artillerists: Capt. George J. Brown</li> <li>American Artillerists: Capt. Richard Brown Magruder</li> <li>First Marine Artillery of the Union: Capt. George Stiles</li> <li>Steiner's Artillery of Frederick: Capt. Henry Steiner<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th Regiment of Cavalry <ul><li>Lt. Col. James Biays</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>1st Baltimore Hussars</li> <li>Independent Light Dragoons</li> <li>Maryland Chasseurs</li> <li>Fells Point Light Dragoons</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"> <p>Harbor defenses of Baltimore </p> <ul><li>Maj. <a href="/wiki/George_Armistead" title="George Armistead">George Armistead</a></li></ul> </td> <td>Fort McHenry <ul><li>Maj. George Armistead, commanding post</li></ul> <p>   </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Evan's Company, U.S. Corps of Artillery: Capt. Frederick Evans</li> <li>Bunbury's Company, U.S. Sea Fencibles: Capt. Matthew S. Bunbury</li> <li>Addison's Company, U.S. Sea Fencibles: Capt. William H. Addison</li> <li>Det. U.S. Infantry: Lt. Col. William Steuart (38th Infantry), Maj. Samuel Lane (14th Infantry) <ul><li>Company, 12th Infantry: Capt. Thomas Sangster</li> <li>Company, 36th Infantry: Capt. Joseph Hook</li> <li>Company, 36th Infantry: Lt. William Rogers</li> <li>Company, 38th Infantry: Capt. James H. Hook</li> <li>Company, 38th Infantry: Capt. John Buck</li> <li>Company, 38th Infantry: Capt. Sheppard C. Leakin</li> <li>Company, 38th Infantry: Capt. Charles Stansbury</li></ul></li> <li>Det. 1st Regiment of Artillery, Maryland Militia <ul><li>Washington Artillery: Capt. John Berry</li> <li>Baltimore Independent Artillerists: Lt. Charles Pennington</li> <li>Baltimore Fencibles: Capt. Joseph H. Nicholson</li></ul></li> <li>Det. U.S. Chesapeake Flotilla: Sailing Master Solomon Rodman</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fort Covington </td> <td> <ul><li>Det. U.S. Navy: Lt. Henry S. Newcomb</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fort Babcock </td> <td> <ul><li>Det. U.S. Chesapeake Flotilla: Sailing Master John A. Webster</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fort Lookout </td> <td> <ul><li>Det. U.S. Navy: Lt. George Budd</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lazaretto Battery </td> <td> <ul><li>Det. U.S. Chesapeake Flotilla: Lt. Solomon Frazier</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gun Barges </td> <td> <ul><li>Det. U.S. Chesapeake Flotilla: Lt. Solomon Rutter</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Hampstead Hill defenses </td> <td>US Navy <ul><li>Commodore John Rodgers</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Det. U.S Navy</li> <li>Det. U.S. Marines</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia Militia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Pegram" title="John Pegram">Major Gen. John Pegram</a><sup id="cite_ref-Neimeyer44_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neimeyer44-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Brig. Gen. Singleton</li> <li>Brig. Gen. Douglass</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pennsylvania Militia </td> <td> <ul><li>Col. Frailey's Battalion</li> <li>Lt. Col. Alexander Cobean's Battalion</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British">British</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_America_and_West_Indies_Station" title="North America and West Indies Station">North America and West Indies Station</a>: Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cochrane" title="Alexander Cochrane">Alexander Cochrane</a></li> <li>Rear-Admiral Poultney Malcolm</li> <li>Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Edward_Codrington" title="Edward Codrington">Edward Codrington</a> - Captain of the Fleet</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Naval forces </th> <th>Bombardment squadron </th> <th>Ship </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Vice Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cochrane" title="Alexander Cochrane">Alexander Cochrane</a>, RN </td> <td>Bomb vessels </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Starr_(1805)" title="HMS Starr (1805)">HMS <i>Meteor</i></a>: Capt. Thomas Alexander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Volcano_(1804)" title="HMS Volcano (1804)">HMS <i>Volcano</i></a>: Capt. <a href="/wiki/David_Price_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="David Price (Royal Navy officer)">David Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Aetna_(1803)" title="HMS Aetna (1803)">HMS <i>Aetna</i></a>: Capt. Richard Kennah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Devastation_(1804)" title="HMS Devastation (1804)">HMS <i>Devastation</i></a>: Capt. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Roberts_(Royal_Navy_officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Roberts (Royal Navy officer) (page does not exist)">Samuel Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a>: Capt. <a href="/wiki/John_Sheridan_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Sheridan (Royal Navy officer)">John Sheridan</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rocket ship </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1807)" title="HMS Erebus (1807)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a>: Capt. <a href="/wiki/David_Ewen_Bartholomew" title="David Ewen Bartholomew">David Bartholomew</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frigates </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Surprise_(1812)" title="HMS Surprise (1812)">HMS <i>Surprise</i></a>: Capt. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_John_Cochrane" title="Thomas John Cochrane">Thomas Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Severn_(1813)" title="HMS Severn (1813)">HMS <i>Severn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Euryalus_(1803)" title="HMS Euryalus (1803)">HMS <i>Euryalus</i></a>: Capt. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Napier_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Charles Napier (Royal Navy officer)">Charles Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hebrus" title="HMS Hebrus">HMS <i>Hebrus</i></a>: Capt. <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Palmer" title="Edmund Palmer">Edmund Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Madagascar_(1811)" title="HMS Madagascar (1811)">HMS <i>Madagascar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Havannah_(1811)" title="HMS Havannah (1811)">HMS <i>Havannah</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Seahorse_(1794)" title="HMS Seahorse (1794)">HMS <i>Seahorse</i></a>: Capt. <a href="/wiki/James_Gordon_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="James Gordon (Royal Navy officer)">James Gordon</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Schooners </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Cockchafer_(1812)" title="HMS Cockchafer (1812)">HMS <i>Cockchafer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Wolverine_(1805)" title="HMS Wolverine (1805)">HMS <i>Wolverine</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Rover_(1808)" title="HMS Rover (1808)">HMS <i>Rover</i></a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>British forces </th> <th>Brigade </th> <th>Regiment </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Maj. Gen. Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ross_(British_Army_officer)" title="Robert Ross (British Army officer)">Robert Ross</a> (KIA, 9/12) <ul><li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brooke_(British_Army_officer)" title="Arthur Brooke (British Army officer)">Arthur Brooke</a></li></ul> </td> <td>First (Light) Brigade <ul><li>Maj. Timothy Jones</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>85th Regiment: Maj. Richard Gubbins</li> <li>Light Company, 1/4th Regiment: Maj. Timothy Jones</li> <li>Light Company, 21st Regiment: Maj. Norman Pringle</li> <li>Light Company, 1/44th Regiment</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Brigade <ul><li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brooke_(British_Army_officer)" title="Arthur Brooke (British Army officer)">Arthur Brooke</a></li> <li>Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mullins_(British_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Mullins (British Army officer)">Thomas Mullins</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>1st battalion 4th Regiment: Maj. Alured Faunce</li> <li>1st battalion 44th Regiment: Maj. John Johnson</li> <li>Provisional Marine Battalion from the Fleet: Capt. John Robyns, RM<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Brigade <ul><li>Lt. Col. William Patterson</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>21st Regiment: Maj. John Whitaker</li> <li>2nd Battalion, Royal Marines: Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/James_Malcolm_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="James Malcolm (Royal Marines officer)">James Malcolm</a>, RM <ul><li>plus 283 Marines from the fleet<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>3rd Battalion, Royal & Colonial Marines: Maj. <a href="/wiki/George_Lewis_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="George Lewis (Royal Marines officer)">George Lewis</a>, RM <ul><li>plus 107 Marines from <i>HMS Seahorse</i> and <i>HMS Havannah</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reporting directly </td> <td> <ul><li>Royal Marine Artillery: 1st Lt. John Lawrence, RM</li> <li>Royal Artillery: Capt. John Mitchell</li> <li>Detachment, Royal Artillery Drivers: Capt. William Lempiere</li> <li>2nd Coy. 4th Battalion, Royal Sappers and Miners: Capt. Richard Blanchard</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rear Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Cockburn,_10th_Baronet" title="Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet">George Cockburn</a> </td> <td>Naval Brigade </td> <td> <ul><li>Naval Brigade Seaman: Capt. Edward Crofton, RN <ul><li>Capt. Thomas Ball Sulivan, RN - <i>HMS Weser</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Capt. Rowland Money, RN - <i>HMS Trave</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Capt. Robert Ramsay, RN - <i>HMS Regulus</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Capt. Joseph Nourse, RN - <i>HMS Severn</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Point">North Point</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: North Point"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point" title="Battle of North Point">Battle of North Point</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Baltimore_and_Fort_McHenry_1814.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_of_Baltimore_and_Fort_McHenry_1814.jpg/260px-Map_of_Baltimore_and_Fort_McHenry_1814.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_of_Baltimore_and_Fort_McHenry_1814.jpg/390px-Map_of_Baltimore_and_Fort_McHenry_1814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_of_Baltimore_and_Fort_McHenry_1814.jpg/520px-Map_of_Baltimore_and_Fort_McHenry_1814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13787" data-file-height="7264" /></a><figcaption>A map of Baltimore and Fort McHenry, 1814</figcaption></figure> <p>The British landed a force of 5,000 troops who marched toward Baltimore and first met heavy resistance at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point" title="Battle of North Point">Battle of North Point</a>, which was fought on September 12 about 5 miles (8 km) from the city. The city's defense was under the overall command of Major General <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Samuel Smith</a>, an officer of the Maryland Militia. He dispatched roughly 3,000 men under the command of General <a href="/wiki/John_Stricker" title="John Stricker">John Stricker</a> to meet the British in a forward engagement. General Stricker was to stall the British invasion force to delay the British advance long enough for Major General Smith to complete the defenses in Baltimore. </p><p>The land invasion force for the British was led by Ross, who was killed in the second shift of the American defense by an American sharpshooter. It has been suggested that either Daniel Wells or Henry McComas of Captain Aisquith's rifle company, of the <a href="/wiki/175th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="175th Infantry Regiment (United States)">5th Maryland</a> Militia regiment was responsible, and both were killed shortly afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Ross's death, the British army came under the command of Colonel <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brooke_(lieutenant-general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Brooke (lieutenant-general)">Arthur Brooke</a>. The Americans had already begun to form an organized retreat back to the main defenses of Baltimore, where they awaited a British assault. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hampstead_Hill">Hampstead Hill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hampstead Hill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rodgers Bastion, also known as <a href="/wiki/Patterson_Park" title="Patterson Park">Sheppard's Bastion</a>, located on Hampstead Hill, now part of <a href="/wiki/Patterson_Park" title="Patterson Park">Patterson Park</a>, was the centerpiece of a 3-mile-wide earthworks from the outer harbor in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Baltimore" title="Canton, Baltimore">Canton</a>, north to <a href="/wiki/Belair_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Belair Road">Belair Road</a>, dug to defend the eastern approach to Baltimore against the British. The <a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">redoubt</a> was assembled and commanded by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> Commodore <a href="/wiki/John_Rodgers_(naval_officer,_War_of_1812)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rodgers (naval officer, War of 1812)">John Rodgers</a>, with General Smith in command of the overall line. At dawn on September 13, the day after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point" title="Battle of North Point">Battle of North Point</a>, some 4,300 British troops advanced north on <a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Baltimore_County,_Maryland#North_Point_Road" title="List of roads in Baltimore County, Maryland">North Point Road</a>, then west along the Philadelphia Road (now <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_7" title="Maryland Route 7">Maryland Route 7</a>) toward Baltimore. U.S. troops were forced to retreat to the main defensive line around the city. The British commander, Col. Arthur Brooke, established his new headquarters at the Sterret House on Surrey Farm, now called <a href="/wiki/Armistead_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistead Gardens">Armistead Gardens</a>, about two miles east-northeast of Hampstead Hill. </p><p>When the British began probing actions on Baltimore's inner defenses, the American line was defended by 100 <a href="/wiki/Cannons" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannons">cannons</a> and more than 10,000 regular troops, including two shadowing infantry regiments commanded by general officers Stricker and <a href="/wiki/William_H._Winder" title="William H. Winder">Winder</a> as well as a few thousand local militia and irregulars. The defenses were far stronger than the British anticipated. The American defenders at Fort McHenry successfully stopped <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British naval forces</a> but a few ships were still able to provide artillery support.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the British had taken the outer defenses, the inner defenses became the priority. The British infantry had not anticipated how well defended they would be, so the first attack was a failure. However, Brooke's forces managed to outflank and to overrun American positions to the right. After a discussion with lower ranking officers, Brooke decided that the British should bombard the fort instead of risk a frontal assault and, at 3:00 a.m. on September 14, ordered the British troops to return to the ships.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fort_McHenry">Fort McHenry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fort McHenry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamCharlesJohnBullAndTheBaltimoreans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/WilliamCharlesJohnBullAndTheBaltimoreans.jpg/220px-WilliamCharlesJohnBullAndTheBaltimoreans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/WilliamCharlesJohnBullAndTheBaltimoreans.jpg/330px-WilliamCharlesJohnBullAndTheBaltimoreans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/WilliamCharlesJohnBullAndTheBaltimoreans.jpg/440px-WilliamCharlesJohnBullAndTheBaltimoreans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="857" /></a><figcaption><i>John Bull and the Baltimoreans</i> (1814) by <a href="/wiki/William_Charles_(cartoonist)" title="William Charles (cartoonist)">William Charles</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Political_cartoon" title="Political cartoon">cartoon</a> praising the stiff resistance in Baltimore</figcaption></figure> <p>At Fort McHenry, some 1,000 soldiers under the command of <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Armistead" title="George Armistead">George Armistead</a> awaited the British naval bombardment. Their defense was augmented by the sinking of a line of American merchant ships at the adjacent entrance to Baltimore Harbor in order to further thwart the passage of British ships. </p><p>The attack began on September 13, as the British fleet of some nineteen ships began pounding the fort with <a href="/wiki/Congreve_rocket" title="Congreve rocket">Congreve rockets</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Rocket_vessel" title="Rocket vessel">rocket vessel</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1807)" title="HMS Erebus (1807)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a>) and <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar</a> shells (from <a href="/wiki/Bomb_vessel" title="Bomb vessel">bomb vessels</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)"><i>Terror</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Volcano_(1804)" title="HMS Volcano (1804)"><i>Volcano</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Starr_(1805)" title="HMS Starr (1805)"><i>Meteor</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Devastation_(1804)" title="HMS Devastation (1804)"><i>Devastation</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Aetna_(1803)" title="HMS Aetna (1803)"><i>Aetna</i></a>). After an initial exchange of fire, the British fleet withdrew to just beyond the range of Fort McHenry's cannons and continued to bombard the American redoubts for the next 25 hours. Although 1,500 to 1,800 cannonballs were launched at the fort, damage was light because of recent fortification that had been completed prior to the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After nightfall, Cochrane ordered a landing to be made by small boats to the shore just west of the fort, away from the harbor opening on which the fort's defense was concentrated. He hoped that the landing party might slip past Fort McHenry and draw Smith's army away from the main British land assault on the city's eastern border. That gave the British a good diversion for half an hour and allowed them to fire again and again. </p><p>On the morning of September 14, the 30 ft × 42 ft (9.1 m × 12.8 m) <a href="/wiki/Star_Spangled_Banner_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Spangled Banner Flag">oversized American flag</a>, which had been made a year earlier by local flagmaker <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickersgill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Pickersgill">Mary Pickersgill</a> and her 13-year-old daughter, was raised over Fort McHenry, replacing the tattered storm flag which had flown during battle. It was responded to by a small encampment of British riflemen on the right flank, who fired a round each at the sky and taunted the Americans just before they too returned to the shore line. </p><p>Originally, historians said that the oversized Star Spangled Banner Flag was raised to taunt the British, but that is not the case. The oversized flag was used every morning for reveille, as was the case on the morning of September 14. </p><p>Brooke had been instructed not to attack the American positions around Baltimore unless he was certain that there were fewer than 2,000 men in the fort. Because of his orders, Brooke had to withdraw from his positions and returned to the fleet, which would set sail for New Orleans.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Battle_of_Baltimore" title="Special:EditPage/Battle of Baltimore">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balt_Battle_Monument_1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Balt_Battle_Monument_1a.jpg/220px-Balt_Battle_Monument_1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Balt_Battle_Monument_1a.jpg/330px-Balt_Battle_Monument_1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Balt_Battle_Monument_1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_Monument" title="Battle Monument">Battle Monument</a>, Baltimore</figcaption></figure> <p>Colonel Brooke's troops withdrew, and Admiral Cochrane's fleet sailed off to regroup before his next (and final) assault on the United States, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">Battle of New Orleans</a>. Armistead was soon promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a>. Much weakened by the arduous preparations for the battle, he died at 38, only three years after the battle. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Active_Regular_Army_units_with_campaign_credit_for_the_War_of_1812" class="mw-redirect" title="Active Regular Army units with campaign credit for the War of 1812">Three active battalions of the Regular Army</a> (1-4 Inf, 2-4 Inf and 3-4 Inf) perpetuate the lineages of the old 36th and 38th Infantry Regiments, both of which were at Fort McHenry during the bombardment. The lineage of the <a href="/wiki/5th_Maryland_Regiment" title="5th Maryland Regiment">5th Maryland Infantry Regiment</a>, which played a major role in the Battle of North Point, is perpetuated by the Maryland Army National Guard's <a href="/wiki/175th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="175th Infantry Regiment (United States)">175th Infantry Regiment</a>. </p><p>The battle is commemorated in the <a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry_National_Monument_and_Historic_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine">Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Star_Spangled_Banner">Star Spangled Banner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Star Spangled Banner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An American lawyer and amateur poet, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key" title="Francis Scott Key">Francis Scott Key</a>, was on a mercy mission for the release of Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Beanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Beanes (page does not exist)">William Beanes</a>, a prisoner of the British. Key showed the British letters from wounded British officers praising the care that they received from Dr. Beanes. The British agreed to release Beanes, but Key and Beanes were forced to stay with the British until the attack on Baltimore was over. </p><p>Key watched the proceedings from a truce ship in the <a href="/wiki/Patapsco_River" title="Patapsco River">Patapsco River</a>. On the morning of the 14th, Key saw the American flag waving above Fort McHenry. Inspired, he began jotting down verses on the back of a letter he was carrying. Key's poem, originally named "Defence of Fort M'Henry", was printed on pamphlets by the <i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_News-American" title="Baltimore News-American">Baltimore American</a></i>. </p><p>Key's poem was later set to the tune of a British song called "<a href="/wiki/To_Anacreon_in_Heaven" class="mw-redirect" title="To Anacreon in Heaven">To Anacreon in Heaven</a>", the official song of the <a href="/wiki/Anacreontic_Society" title="Anacreontic Society">Anacreontic Society</a>, an 18th-century gentlemen's club of amateur musicians in London. The song eventually became known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>". The US Congress made it the national anthem of the United States in 1931. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_Day_(Maryland)" title="Defenders Day (Maryland)">Defenders Day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dawn%27s_Early_Light" title="The Dawn's Early Light">The Dawn's Early Light</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Lewes" title="Bombardment of Lewes">Bombardment of Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States" title="List of conflicts in the United States">List of conflicts in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Rich" class="citation book cs1">Laura Rich. <i>Maryland History In Prints 1743–1900</i>. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maryland+History+In+Prints+1743%E2%80%931900&rft.pages=45&rft.au=Laura+Rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borneman, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crawford, p. 273, quoting a memo from Rear Admiral Codrington to Respective Captains dated 11 Sept 1814. The warships present were <a href="/wiki/HMS_Tonnant" title="HMS Tonnant"><i>Tonnant</i></a> (80), <i>Albion</i> (74), <i>Madagascar</i> (74), <i>Ramillies</i> (74), <i>Royal Oak</i> (74), <i>Severn</i> (50), <i>Diomede</i> (50), <i>Havannah</i> (42), <i>Weser</i> (44), <i>Brune</i> (38), <i>Melpomene</i> (38), <i>Seahorse</i> (38), <i>Surprise</i> (38), <i>Trave</i> (38), <i>Thames</i> (32), <a href="/wiki/HMS_Rover_(1808)" title="HMS Rover (1808)"><i>Rover</i></a> (18), & <a href="/wiki/HMS_Wolverine_(1805)" title="HMS Wolverine (1805)"><i>Wolverine</i></a> (18). Also present were the troopships <a href="/wiki/HMS_Diadem_(1782)" title="HMS Diadem (1782)"><i>Diadem</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dictator_(1783)" title="HMS Dictator (1783)"><i>Dictator</i></a> & <a href="/wiki/HMS_Regulus_(1785)" title="HMS Regulus (1785)"><i>Regulus</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borneman_p.246-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Borneman_p.246_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borneman, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liston, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myedgemere.com/1814_british_dead.htm">Where Are the British Soldiers Killed in the Battle of North Point Buried?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126123458/http://myedgemere.com/1814_british_dead.htm">Archived</a> 2010-11-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James513-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-James513_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 513.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James521-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-James521_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 521.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James321-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-James321_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jessica McBride. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muscogeenation-nsn.gov/Pages/Articles/14Apr/horseshoebend.html">"Attendees Reflect On Horseshoe Bend Commemoration"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722190202/http://www.muscogeenation-nsn.gov/Pages/Articles/14Apr/horseshoebend.html">Archived</a> July 22, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Muscogee Nation website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/Travel/cultural_diversity/Horseshoe_Bend_National_Military_Park.html">"Horseshoe Bend National Military Park, Daviston, Alabama"</a>. National Park Service, US Department of the Interior website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/1215">Review by Mr William Dudley of <i>How Britain won the War of 1812: The Royal Navy's Blockades of the United States, 1812–1815</i></a>, by Brian Arthur. Published by Woodbridge, Boydell, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1843836650" title="Special:BookSources/978-1843836650">978-1843836650</a>. Website of the Institute of Historical Research of the University of London School of Advanced Study.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.delmarvanow.com/article/20140212/NEWS01/302120050/Fleeing-from-Eastern-Shore-slavery-during-War-1812">"Fleeing from Eastern Shore slavery during War of 1812"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722194610/http://archive.delmarvanow.com/article/20140212/NEWS01/302120050/Fleeing-from-Eastern-Shore-slavery-during-War-1812">Archived</a> July 22, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. An article adapted from the book <i>Slave and Free on Virginia's Eastern Shore</i>, by Kirk Mariner. Delmarva Media Group.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John McNish Weiss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcnishandweiss.co.uk/history/colonialmarines.html">"The Corps of Colonial Marines: Black freedom fighters of the War of 1812"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208143724/http://www.mcnishandweiss.co.uk/history/colonialmarines.html">Archived</a> 2018-02-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Althea_McNish" title="Althea McNish">Althea McNish</a> & John Weiss Website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Anderson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackpast.org/gah/british-corps-colonial-marines-1808-1810-1814-1816">"British Corps of Colonial Marines (1808–1810, 1814–1816")</a>, BlackPast.org#sthash.HemAahk1.dpuf.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/history/british-view-war-1812-quite-differently-americans-do-180951852/">"The British View the War of 1812 Quite Differently Than Americans Do"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014915/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=%2Fhistory%2Fbritish-view-war-1812-quite-differently-americans-do-180951852%2F">Archived</a> 2015-11-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Smithsonian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/history/british-view-war-1812-quite-differently-americans-do-180951852/">"The British View the War of 1812 Quite Differently Than Americans Do"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014915/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=%2Fhistory%2Fbritish-view-war-1812-quite-differently-americans-do-180951852%2F">Archived</a> 2015-11-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Smithsonian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> James A. Carr, "The Battle of New Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent." Diplomatic History 3.3 (1979): 273–282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006402-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006402_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006402_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCruikshank2006">Cruikshank 2006</a>, p. 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997101-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997101_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997101_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorriss1997">Morriss 1997</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997100-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorriss1997100_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorriss1997">Morriss 1997</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006414-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruikshank2006414_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCruikshank2006">Cruikshank 2006</a>, p. 414.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/01/06/british-burned-capitol-1814/">"In 1814, British forces burned the U.S. Capitol"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+1814%2C+British+forces+burned+the+U.S.+Capitol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fhistory%2F2021%2F01%2F06%2Fbritish-burned-capitol-1814%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211216160208/http://www.star-spangledbanner.us/">"Attack on Baltimore launched from Bermuda in 'War of 1812'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Atlas Communications. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.star-spangledbanner.us/">the original</a> on December 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attack+on+Baltimore+launched+from+Bermuda+in+%27War+of+1812%27&rft.pub=Atlas+Communications&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.star-spangledbanner.us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitch, Anthony, <i>The Burning of Washington: The British Invasion of 1814</i>. Bluejacket Books, 2000. p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-visitor-center.com/pages/fort-mchenry/slides/fort-mchenry-184.htm">The Visitor Center</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maryland1812.wordpress.com/2014/03/07/general-staff-officers-of-the-3rd-division-of-maryland-militia-sept-1814/">Maryland in the War of 1812</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hhdef-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hhdef_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hhdef_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In the defenses at Hampstead Hill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attached to 3rd Brigade, present at Battle of North Point.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attached from 9th Brigade, Maryland Militia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neimeyer44-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Neimeyer44_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neimeyer, p. 44. (Neimeyer states that the Virginia militia division was under <a href="/wiki/John_Pegram" title="John Pegram">Maj. Gen. John Pegram</a> (of the War of 1812, not to be confused with his grandson, <a href="/wiki/John_Pegram_(general)" title="John Pegram (general)">Confederate Brig. Gen. John Pegram</a>).)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudley,_William_S.Crawford,_Michael_J.Hughes,_Christine_F.2002" class="citation book cs1">Dudley, William S.; Crawford, Michael J.; Hughes, Christine F. (2002) [1949, 1985]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JtvZAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Naval War of 1812 : a documentary history, 3 vols</i></a>. Naval Historical Center, Dept. of Navy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-16-002042-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-16-002042-5"><bdi>0-16-002042-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12834733">12834733</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Naval+War+of+1812+%3A+a+documentary+history%2C+3+vols.&rft.pub=Naval+Historical+Center%2C+Dept.+of+Navy&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12834733&rft.isbn=0-16-002042-5&rft.au=Dudley%2C+William+S.&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Christine+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJtvZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1829" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(biographer)" title="John Marshall (biographer)">Marshall, John</a> (1829). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Royal Naval Biography/Sulivan,_Thomas Ball"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Biography/Sulivan,_Thomas_Ball">"Sulivan, Thomas Ball" </a></span>. <i>Royal Naval Biography</i>. Vol. sup, part 3. London: Longman and company. p. 409.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sulivan%2C_Thomas+Ball&rft.btitle=Royal+Naval+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=409&rft.pub=Longman+and+company&rft.date=1829&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Royal Naval Biography/Money, Rowland"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Biography/Money,_Rowland">"Money, Rowland" </a></span>. <i>Royal Naval Biography</i>. Vol. sup, part 4. 1830. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Money%2C+Rowland&rft.btitle=Royal+Naval+Biography&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Royal Naval Biography/Ramsay,_Robert"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Biography/Ramsay,_Robert">"Ramsay, Robert" </a></span>. <i>Royal Naval Biography</i>. Vol. sup, part 4. 1830. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ramsay%2C_Robert&rft.btitle=Royal+Naval+Biography&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Royal Naval Biography/Nourse, Joseph"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Biography/Nourse,_Joseph">"Nourse, Joseph" </a></span>. <i>Royal Naval Biography</i>. Vol. 2, part 2. 1825. p. 880.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nourse%2C+Joseph&rft.btitle=Royal+Naval+Biography&rft.pages=880&rft.date=1825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-09-17-0409170014-story.html">"Film stirs flap over killing of general in 1814"</a>. <i>Baltimore Sun</i>. September 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Their names do not pop up until the 1850s, when a political movement bent on keeping immigrants in general and Catholics in particular out of positions of power resurrected their memory.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Film+stirs+flap+over+killing+of+general+in+1814&rft.date=2004-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-2004-09-17-0409170014-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA433">"Scenes In The War of 1812"</a>, <i>Harper's New Monthly Magazine</i>, Volume 28, March 1864, pp. 433–449.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ftmeadesoundoff.com/news/2252/battle-baltimore-sept-12-15-1814/">The Battle of Baltimore</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225125851/http://www.ftmeadesoundoff.com/news/2252/battle-baltimore-sept-12-15-1814/">Archived</a> 2010-12-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Kevin Young, Ft. Meade Soundoff, 9/1/05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.citypaper.com/printStory.asp?id=3681">1812 Overtures, Brennen Jensen</a>, <i>Baltimore City Paper</i>, September 22, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA433">"Scenes In The War of 1812"</a>, <i>Harper's New Monthly Magazine</i>, Volume 28, March 1864, pp. 433–449.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ftmeadesoundoff.com/news/2252/battle-baltimore-sept-12-15-1814/">The Battle of Baltimore</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225125851/http://www.ftmeadesoundoff.com/news/2252/battle-baltimore-sept-12-15-1814/">Archived</a> 2010-12-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Kevin Young, Ft. Meade Soundoff, 9/1/05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.citypaper.com/printStory.asp?id=3681">1812 Overtures, Brennen Jensen</a>, <i>Baltimore City Paper</i>, September 22, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070608020336/http://www.bcpl.net/~etowner/battle.html">"The Battle of Baltimore"</a>. The Patriots of Fort McHenry, Incorporated. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcpl.net/~etowner/battle.html">the original</a> on June 8, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Baltimore&rft.pub=The+Patriots+of+Fort+McHenry%2C+Incorporated&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcpl.net%2F~etowner%2Fbattle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borneman, p. 247</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_further_reading">Sources and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorneman2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_R._Borneman" title="Walter R. Borneman">Borneman, Walter R.</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1812warthatforge0000born"><i>1812: The War That Forged a Nation</i></a></span>. New York: Harper Perennial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-053112-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-053112-6"><bdi>978-0-06-053112-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1812%3A+The+War+That+Forged+a+Nation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-06-053112-6&rft.aulast=Borneman&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1812warthatforge0000born&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Crawford, Michael J. (ed.) (2002). <i>The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History, Vol. 3</i>. Washington: United States Department of Defense. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0160512247" title="Special:BookSources/978-0160512247">978-0160512247</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruikshank2006" class="citation book cs1">Cruikshank, Ernest (2006) [1814]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527184843/http://www.nosracines.ca/e/page.aspx?id=769621"><i>The Documentary History of the campaign upon the Niagara frontier. (Part 1–2)</i></a>. University of Calgary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nosracines.ca/e/page.aspx?id=769621">the original</a> on May 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Documentary+History+of+the+campaign+upon+the+Niagara+frontier.+%28Part+1%E2%80%932%29&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Cruikshank&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nosracines.ca%2Fe%2Fpage.aspx%3Fid%3D769621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>George, Christopher T., <i>Terror on the Chesapeake: The War of 1812 on the Bay</i>, Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57249-276-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-57249-276-7">1-57249-276-7</a></li> <li>Hildebrand, David K. "Bicentenary Essay: Two National Anthems? Some Reflections on the Two Hundredth Anniversary of 'The Star-Spangled Banner' and its Forgotten Partner, 'The Battle of Baltimore'." <i>American Music</i> 32.3 (2014): 253–271. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/americanmusic.32.3.0253">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1818" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_James_(naval_historian)" title="William James (naval historian)">James, William</a> (1818). <i>A Full and Correct Account of the Military Occurrences of the Late War Between Great Britain and the United States of America. Volume II</i>. London: Published for the Author. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-665-35743-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-665-35743-5"><bdi>0-665-35743-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Full+and+Correct+Account+of+the+Military+Occurrences+of+the+Late+War+Between+Great+Britain+and+the+United+States+of+America.+Volume+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Published+for+the+Author&rft.date=1818&rft.isbn=0-665-35743-5&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Leepson" title="Marc Leepson">Leepson, Marc</a>. <i>What So Proudly We Hailed: Francis Scott Key, A Life</i>, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137278289" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137278289">978-1137278289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Leepson" title="Marc Leepson">Leepson, Marc</a>. "Flag: An American Biography", New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0312323080" title="Special:BookSources/978-0312323080">978-0312323080</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFListon2006" class="citation web cs1">Liston, Kathy Lee Erlandson (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126123458/http://myedgemere.com/1814_british_dead.htm">"Where Are the British Soldiers Killed in the Battle of North Point Buried?"</a>. Fort Howard, MD: Myedgemere.com, LLC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myedgemere.com/1814_british_dead.htm">the original</a> on November 26, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+Are+the+British+Soldiers+Killed+in+the+Battle+of+North+Point+Buried%3F&rft.place=Fort+Howard%2C+MD&rft.pub=Myedgemere.com%2C+LLC&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Liston&rft.aufirst=Kathy+Lee+Erlandson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myedgemere.com%2F1814_british_dead.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lord" title="Walter Lord">Lord, Walter</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dawnsearlylight00lord"><i>The Dawn's Early Light</i></a>. New York: W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05452-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05452-7"><bdi>0-393-05452-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dawn%27s+Early+Light&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-393-05452-7&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdawnsearlylight00lord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Marine, William M. (1913). <i>The British invasion of Maryland, 1812–1815</i>. Baltimore: Society of the War of 1812 in Maryland</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorriss1997" class="citation book cs1">Morriss, Roger (1997). <i>Cockburn and the British Navy in Transition: Admiral Sir George Cockburn, 1772–1853</i>. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-253-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-253-0"><bdi>978-1-57003-253-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1166924740">1166924740</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cockburn+and+the+British+Navy+in+Transition%3A+Admiral+Sir+George+Cockburn%2C+1772%E2%80%931853&rft.place=Columbia&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1166924740&rft.isbn=978-1-57003-253-0&rft.aulast=Morriss&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeimeyer2014" class="citation book cs1">Neimeyer, Charles P. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241110162804/https://history.army.mil/html/books/074/74-5/cmhPub_74-5.pdf"><i>The Chesapeake Campaign, 1813–1814</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Center of Military History, United States Army</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2014489196">2014489196</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/074/74-5/cmhPub_74-5.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 10, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chesapeake+Campaign%2C+1813%E2%80%931814&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2014489196&rft.aulast=Neimeyer&rft.aufirst=Charles+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F074%2F74-5%2FcmhPub_74-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pitch, Anthony S. <i>The Burning of Washington</i>, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-425-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-425-3">1-55750-425-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson1945" class="citation book cs1">Swanson, Neil Harmon (1945). <i>The Perilous Fight</i>. New York: Farrar and Rinehart. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/610291946">610291946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Perilous+Fight&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar+and+Rinehart&rft.date=1945&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F610291946&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Neil+Harmon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Baltimore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sheads, Scott S. <i>The Rockets' Red Glare: The Maritime Defense of Baltimore in 1814</i> (Tidewater Publishers, 1986).</li></ul> <ul><li>Whitehorne, Joseph A., <i>The Battle for Baltimore 1814</i>, Baltimore: Nautical & Aviation Publishing, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-877853-23-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-877853-23-2">1-877853-23-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Baltimore" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Baltimore">Battle of Baltimore</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warof1812.ca/northpoint.htm">"Battle of North Point" by John Pezzola</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conflicts_of_the_War_of_1812" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Battles_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Template:Battles of the War of 1812"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Battles_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Template talk:Battles of the War of 1812"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Battles_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Battles of the War of 1812"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conflicts_of_the_War_of_1812" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Conflicts of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_War_of_1812_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of War of 1812 battles">Battles of the War of 1812</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Timeline of the War of 1812">Timeline of the War of 1812</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Lewes" title="Bombardment of Lewes">Lewes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Peter" title="Battle of Fort Peter">Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St._Philip_(1815)" title="Siege of Fort St. Philip (1815)">St. Philip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Havre_de_Grace" title="Raid on Havre de Grace">Havre de Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Michaels" title="Battle of St. Michaels">St. Michaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Bladensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caulk%27s_Field" title="Battle of Caulk's Field">Caulk's Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point" title="Battle of North Point">North Point</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baltimore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampden" title="Battle of Hampden">Hampden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Big_Sandy_Creek" title="Battle of Big Sandy Creek">Big Sandy Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buffalo" title="Battle of Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ogdensburg" title="Battle of Ogdensburg">Ogdensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plattsburgh" title="Battle of Plattsburgh">Plattsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Niagara" title="Capture of Fort Niagara">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Black_Rock" title="Raid on Black Rock">Black Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Sacket%27s_Harbor" title="Second Battle of Sacket's Harbor">Sacket's Harbor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_War_of_1812" title="North Carolina in the War of 1812">North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocracoke_raid" title="Ocracoke raid">Ocracoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stephenson" title="Battle of Fort Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copus_massacre" title="Copus massacre">Copus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Meigs" title="Siege of Fort Meigs">Meigs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rappahannock_River" title="Battle of Rappahannock River">Rappahannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craney_Island" title="Battle of Craney Island">Craney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Chesconessex_Creek" title="Raid on Chesconessex Creek">Chesconessex Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Alexandria_(Virginia)" title="Raid on Alexandria (Virginia)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_at_Farnham_Church" title="Skirmish at Farnham Church">Farnham Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Illinois Territory in the War of 1812">Illinois</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Dearborn" title="Battle of Fort Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rock_Island_Rapids" title="Battle of Rock Island Rapids">Rock Island Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Prairie_du_Chien" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Prairie du Chien">Prairie du Chien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">Indiana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mississinewa" title="Battle of the Mississinewa">Mississinewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Wild Cat Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Fort Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Wayne" title="Siege of Fort Wayne">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brownstown" title="Battle of Brownstown">Brownstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Frenchtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mackinac_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mackinac Island">Mackinac Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maguaga" title="Battle of Maguaga">Maguaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Detroit" title="Siege of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Mackinac" title="Siege of Fort Mackinac">Mackinac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashi_Skirmish" title="Bashi Skirmish">Bashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Autossee" title="Battle of Autossee">Autossee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Burnt_Corn" title="Battle of Burnt Corn">Burnt Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Callabee_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Callabee Creek">Callabee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_Fight_(Creek_War)" title="Canoe Fight (Creek War)">Canoe Fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Holy_Ground" title="Battle of Holy Ground">Holy Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1814)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)">Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talladega" title="Battle of Talladega">Talladega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tallushatchee" title="Battle of Tallushatchee">Tallushatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Emuckfaw_and_Enotachopo_Creek" title="Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek">Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bowyer" title="Fort Bowyer">Fort Bowyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mims_massacre" title="Fort Mims massacre">Mims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sinquefield" title="Fort Sinquefield">Sinquefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Island" title="Credit Island">Credit Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sink_Hole" title="Battle of the Sink Hole">Sink Hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chateauguay" title="Battle of the Chateauguay">Chateauguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lacolle_Mills_(1812)" title="Battle of Lacolle Mills (1812)">1st Lacolle Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lacolle_Mills_(1814)" title="Battle of Lacolle Mills (1814)">2nd Lacolle Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaver_Dams" title="Battle of Beaver Dams">Beaver Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippawa" title="Battle of Chippawa">Chippawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cook%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Cook's Mills">Cook's Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crysler%27s_Farm" title="Battle of Crysler's Farm">Crysler's Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_George" title="Battle of Fort George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchman%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Frenchman's Creek">Frenchman's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longwoods" title="Battle of Longwoods">Longwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Lundy's Lane">Lundy's Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malcolm%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Malcolm's Mills">Malcolm's Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights" title="Battle of Queenston Heights">Queenston Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoney_Creek" title="Battle of Stoney Creek">Stoney Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thames" title="Battle of the Thames">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York" title="Battle of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Erie" title="Capture of Fort Erie">1st Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Elizabethtown" title="Raid on Elizabethtown">Elizabethtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Port_Dover" title="Raid on Port Dover">Port Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Gananoque" title="Raid on Gananoque">Gananoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Erie" title="Siege of Fort Erie">2nd Erie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Florida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Florida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pensacola_(1814)" title="Battle of Pensacola (1814)">Pensacola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle">Naval battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Boxer" title="Capture of HMS Boxer">HMS <i>Boxer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Cyane" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of HMS Cyane">HMS <i>Cyane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Epervier" title="Capture of HMS Epervier">HMS <i>Epervier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Frolic" title="Capture of HMS Frolic">HMS <i>Frolic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Penguin" title="Capture of HMS Penguin">HMS <i>Penguin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Dominica" title="Capture of HMS Dominica">HMS <i>Dominica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Argus" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of USS Argus">USS <i>Argus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Chesapeake" title="Capture of USS Chesapeake">USS <i>Chesapeake</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_President" title="Capture of USS President">USS <i>President</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_Flotilla" title="Chesapeake Bay Flotilla">Chesapeake Bay Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Java_(1811)" title="HMS Java (1811)">USS <i>Constitution</i> vs HMS <i>Java</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Avon" title="Sinking of HMS Avon">HMS <i>Avon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fayal" title="Battle of Fayal">Fayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Peacock" title="Sinking of HMS Peacock">HMS <i>Peacock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Reindeer" title="Sinking of HMS Reindeer">HMS <i>Reindeer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution_vs_HMS_Guerriere" title="USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere">USS <i>Constitution</i> vs HMS <i>Guerriere</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_United_States_vs_HMS_Macedonian" title="USS United States vs HMS Macedonian">USS <i>United States</i> vs HMS <i>Macedonian</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Guaira_(1812)" title="Battle of La Guaira (1812)">La Guaira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Oswego_(1814)" title="Battle of Fort Oswego (1814)">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Huron" title="Engagements on Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Ontario" title="Engagements on Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Sacket%27s_Harbor" title="First Battle of Sacket's Harbor">Sacket's Harbor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Borgne" title="Battle of Lake Borgne">Lake Borgne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_James_Island" title="Action off James Island">James Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_Charles_Island" title="Action off Charles Island">Charles Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva_Campaign" title="Nuku Hiva Campaign">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Battle of Valparaíso">Valparaiso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creek_War" title="Creek War">Creek War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:War_of_1812" title="Category:War of 1812">Category</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/War of 1812">definition</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/War of 1812">textbooks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/War of 1812">quotes</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/War of 1812">source texts</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/War of 1812">media</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/War of 1812">news stories</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_of_1812" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_of_1812" title="Template:War of 1812"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_of_1812" title="Template talk:War of 1812"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_of_1812" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War of 1812"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_of_1812" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Origins</li><li>Theaters</li><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li><li>Involvement</li><li>Leaders</li><li>Aftermath</li><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Origins of the War of 1812">Origins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake%E2%80%93Leopard_affair" title="Chesapeake–Leopard affair"><i>Chesapeake</i>–<i>Leopard</i> affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_in_Council_(1807)" title="Orders in Council (1807)">Orders in Council (1807)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embargo_Act_of_1807" title="Embargo Act of 1807">Embargo Act of 1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Intercourse_Act_(1809)" title="Non-Intercourse Act (1809)">Non-Intercourse Act (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon%27s_Bill_Number_2" title="Macon's Bill Number 2">Macon's Bill Number 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_letters" title="Henry letters">Henry letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_hawk" title="War hawk">War hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_1756" title="Rule of 1756">Rule of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe%E2%80%93Pinkney_Treaty" title="Monroe–Pinkney Treaty">Monroe–Pinkney Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Belt_affair" title="Little Belt affair"><i>Little Belt</i> affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Spencer_Perceval" title="Assassination of Spencer Perceval">Assassination of Spencer Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_the_United_Kingdom" title="United States declaration of war on the United Kingdom">Declaration of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Theaters and<br /><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812_campaigns" title="War of 1812 campaigns">campaigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Western theater of the War of 1812">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_campaign" title="Chesapeake campaign">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812#Gulf_Coast" title="War of 1812">Gulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_War_of_1812_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of War of 1812 battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights" title="Battle of Queenston Heights">Queenston Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Spur's Defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Frenchtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Beaver Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thames" title="Battle of the Thames">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chateauguay" title="Battle of the Chateauguay">Chateauguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crysler%27s_Farm" title="Battle of Crysler's Farm">Crysler's Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippawa" title="Battle of Chippawa">Chippawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Lundy's Lane">Lundy's Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Bladensburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Illinois Territory in the War of 1812">Illinois Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">Indiana Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Kentucky in the War of 1812">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_War_of_1812" title="North Carolina in the War of 1812">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Ohio in the War of 1812">Ohio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Brock" title="Isaac Brock">Isaac Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pakenham" title="Edward Pakenham">Edward Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ross_(British_Army_officer)" title="Robert Ross (British Army officer)">Robert Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Lord Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Results of the War of 1812">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_(United_States)" title="The Eighth (United States)">The Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Secord_Legacy_Trail" title="Laura Secord Legacy Trail">Laura Secord Legacy Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Society_of_the_War_of_1812" title="General Society of the War of 1812">General Society of the War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veteran_Corps_of_Artillery" title="Veteran Corps of Artillery">Military Society of the War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_United_States_Daughters_of_1812" title="National Society of United States Daughters of 1812">United States Daughters of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_War_of_1812_Bicentennial" title="List of War of 1812 Bicentennial">War of 1812 Bicentennial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Bibliography of the War of 1812">Bibliography</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bold_Canadian" title="The Bold Canadian">The Bold Canadian</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_War" title="Creek War">Creek War</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hunters_of_Kentucky" title="The Hunters of Kentucky">The Hunters of Kentucky</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_Britain" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in Britain">Opposition in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_the_United_States" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States">Opposition in the United States</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Timeline of the War of 1812">Timeline of the War of 1812</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_of_1812" title="Category:War of 1812">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:War of 1812"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Baltimore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baltimore" title="Template:Baltimore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baltimore" title="Template talk:Baltimore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baltimore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baltimore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Baltimore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">City of Baltimore</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_accent" title="Baltimore accent">Accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Baltimore" title="Culture of Baltimore">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Baltimore" title="Crime in Baltimore">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Baltimore" title="Ethnic groups in Baltimore">Ethnicities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_in_Baltimore" title="List of events in Baltimore">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Baltimore" title="List of films shot in Baltimore">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Baltimore" title="Flag of Baltimore">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Baltimore" title="Seal of Baltimore">Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Public_Markets" title="Baltimore Public Markets">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Baltimore" title="Media in Baltimore">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Baltimore" title="Music of Baltimore">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baltimore_neighborhoods" title="List of Baltimore neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Baltimore" title="List of people from Baltimore">People</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1baltimore_city_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baltimore City Hall"><img alt="Baltimore City Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/1baltimore_city_hall.jpg/100px-1baltimore_city_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/1baltimore_city_hall.jpg/150px-1baltimore_city_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/1baltimore_city_hall.jpg/200px-1baltimore_city_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="380" /></a></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Baltimore,_Maryland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg/150px-Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg/200px-Flag_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_church_buildings_in_Baltimore" title="List of church buildings in Baltimore">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hill,_Baltimore" title="Federal Hill, Baltimore">Federal Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fell%27s_Point,_Baltimore" title="Fell's Point, Baltimore">Fells Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harborplace" title="Harborplace">Harborplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Harbor" title="Inner Harbor">Inner Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Baltimore" title="List of museums in Baltimore">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Museum_of_Art" title="Baltimore Museum of Art">Baltimore Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Streetcar_Museum" title="Baltimore Streetcar Museum">Baltimore Streetcar Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%26O_Railroad_Museum" title="B&O Railroad Museum">B&O Railroad Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Baltimore" title="List of public art in Baltimore">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Center_for_History_and_Culture" title="Maryland Center for History and Culture">Maryland Center for History and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Science_Center" title="Maryland Science Center">Maryland Science Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Baltimore" title="Mount Vernon, Baltimore">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aquarium_(Baltimore)" title="National Aquarium (Baltimore)">National Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Discovery_(museum)" title="Port Discovery (museum)">Port Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Ships_in_Baltimore" title="Historic Ships in Baltimore">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Baltimore" title="List of tallest buildings in Baltimore">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Maryland_Zoo_in_Baltimore" title="The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore">Zoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Social_Club" title="Arch Social Club">Arch Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charm_City_Art_Space" title="Charm City Art Space">Charm City Art Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerjack%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammerjack's">Hammerjack's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_Theatre_(Baltimore)" title="Hippodrome Theatre (Baltimore)">Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Hall_(Baltimore,_Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Hall (Baltimore, Maryland)">Lithuanian Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MECU_Pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="MECU Pavilion">MECU-Pier Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Meyerhoff_Symphony_Hall" title="Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall">Meyerhoff Symphony Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Baltimore" title="Lyric Baltimore">Lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ottobar" title="The Ottobar">Ottobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Plant_Live!" title="Power Plant Live!">Power Plant Live!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rams_Head_Live!" title="Rams Head Live!">Rams Head Live!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Pratt_Free_Library" title="Enoch Pratt Free Library">Enoch Pratt Free Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Public_Schools" title="Baltimore City Public Schools">Baltimore City Public Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_and_parochial_schools_in_Baltimore" title="List of private and parochial schools in Baltimore">Private Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Baltimore" title="List of colleges and universities in Baltimore">Colleges and Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Community_College" title="Baltimore City Community College">City Community College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Baltimore" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Baltimore">Mayor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brandon_Scott" title="Brandon Scott">Brandon Scott</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Council" title="Baltimore City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Hall" title="Baltimore City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Delegation" title="Baltimore City Delegation">Delegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Senate_Delegation" title="Baltimore City Senate Delegation">Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Archives" title="Baltimore City Archives">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_District_Courthouses" title="Baltimore City District Courthouses">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Fire_Department" title="Baltimore City Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Health_Department" title="Baltimore City Health Department">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Police_Department" title="Baltimore Police Department">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Sheriff%27s_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore City Sheriff's Office">Sheriff's Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state%27s_attorneys_of_Baltimore" title="List of state's attorneys of Baltimore">State's Attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Transit_Administration" title="Maryland Transit Administration">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_agencies_headquartered_in_Baltimore" title="List of state agencies headquartered in Baltimore">State Agencies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baltimore" title="History of Baltimore">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Baltimore" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Baltimore">National Register sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Landmarks" title="Baltimore City Landmarks">Baltimore City Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Baltimore" title="Timeline of Baltimore">Historical timeline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_Day_(Maryland)" title="Defenders Day (Maryland)">Defenders Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1861" title="Baltimore riot of 1861">Baltimore riot of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Crew" title="Baltimore Crew">Baltimore Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Baltimore_Fire" title="Great Baltimore Fire">Great Baltimore Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Holabird" title="Fort Holabird">Fort Holabird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1968" title="Baltimore riot of 1968">Baltimore riot of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Street_Tunnel_fire" title="Howard Street Tunnel fire">Howard Street Tunnel fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key_Bridge_collapse" title="Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse">Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Steel" title="Bethlehem Steel">Bethlehem Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_(An_Exelon_Company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constellation (An Exelon Company)">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoverGirl" title="CoverGirl">CoverGirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berger_Cookies" title="Berger Cookies">DeBaufre Bakeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecht%27s" title="Hecht's">Hecht's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._R._Grace_and_Company" title="W. R. Grace and Company">Grace Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoS._A._Bank_Clothiers" class="mw-redirect" title="JoS. A. Bank Clothiers">JoS. A. Bank Clothiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legg_Mason" title="Legg Mason">Legg Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick_%26_Company" title="McCormick & Company">McCormick & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmidt_Baking_Company" title="Schmidt Baking Company">Schmidt Bakeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Rowe_Price" title="T. Rowe Price">T. Rowe Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Farms" title="Royal Farms">Royal Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Clare_(Maryland)" title="Mount Clare (Maryland)">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Park,_Baltimore" title="Clifton Park, Baltimore">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylburn_Arboretum" title="Cylburn Arboretum">Cylburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid_Hill_Park" title="Druid Hill Park">Druid Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynns_Falls_Leakin_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwynns Falls Leakin Park">Gwynns Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynns_Falls_Leakin_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwynns Falls Leakin Park">Leakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_Run" title="Herring Run">Herring Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterson_Park" title="Patterson Park">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Gardens" title="Sherwood Gardens">Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyman_Park,_Baltimore" title="Wyman Park, Baltimore">Wyman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Orioles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oriole_Park_at_Camden_Yards" title="Oriole Park at Camden Yards">Camden Yards</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens" title="Baltimore Ravens">Ravens</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%26T_Bank_Stadium" title="M&T Bank Stadium">M&T Bank Stadium</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Blast" title="Baltimore Blast">Blast</a> (<a href="/wiki/SECU_Arena" title="SECU Arena">SECU Arena</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Marathon" title="Baltimore Marathon">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Baltimore" title="Grand Prix of Baltimore">Baltimore Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Blue_Jays_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse">Johns Hopkins mens' lacrosse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Blue_Jays_women%27s_lacrosse" title="Johns Hopkins Blue Jays women's lacrosse">womens' lacrosse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homewood_Field" title="Homewood Field">Homewood Field</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_sculpture_race" title="Kinetic sculpture race">Kinetic Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Cycling_Classic" title="Maryland Cycling Classic">Maryland Cycling Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preakness_Stakes" title="Preakness Stakes">Preakness</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pimlico_Race_Course" title="Pimlico Race Course">Pimlico Race Course</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Metro_SubwayLink" title="Baltimore Metro SubwayLink">Metro SubwayLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Light_RailLink" title="Baltimore Light RailLink">Light RailLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Maryland_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="MTA Maryland bus service">Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARC_Train" title="MARC Train">MARC Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Penn_Station" title="Baltimore Penn Station">Penn Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore–Washington International Airport">BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_State_Airport" title="Martin State Airport">Martin State Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Baltimore" title="Port of Baltimore">Port of Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Belt_Line" title="Baltimore Belt Line">Baltimore Belt Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_metropolitan_area" title="Baltimore metropolitan area">Baltimore metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area">Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Seal_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.png/21px-Seal_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Seal_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.png/31px-Seal_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Seal_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.png/41px-Seal_of_Baltimore%2C_Maryland.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="290" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Baltimore" title="Portal:Baltimore">Baltimore portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baltimore" title="Category:Baltimore">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1850527#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85011380">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282299405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&oldid=1258705774">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&oldid=1258705774</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1814_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1814 in the United States">1814 in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Category:Battles of the War of 1812">Battles of the War of 1812</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_in_Maryland" title="Category:Battles in Maryland">Battles in Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Chesapeake_campaign" title="Category:Battles of the Chesapeake campaign">Battles of the Chesapeake campaign</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1810s_in_Baltimore" title="Category:1810s in Baltimore">1810s in Baltimore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Battles involving the United Kingdom">Battles involving the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1814_in_Maryland" title="Category:1814 in Maryland">1814 in Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1814" title="Category:Conflicts in 1814">Conflicts in 1814</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="Category:The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:September_1814_events" title="Category:September 1814 events">September 1814 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:James_Buchanan" title="Category:James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_Royal_Naval_Biography_(1823)" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Royal Naval Biography (1823)">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Royal Naval Biography (1823)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_RNB_(1823)_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the RNB (1823) with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the RNB (1823) with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2022">Use mdy dates from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_July_2022" title="Category:Use American English from July 2022">Use American English from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_May_2016" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from May 2016">Articles to be expanded from May 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2017" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2017">Articles needing additional references from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 03:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baltimore&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-knhz5","wgBackendResponseTime":158,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.180","walltime":"1.521","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7263,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":215404,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9941,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":142562,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1248.574 1 -total"," 23.48% 293.153 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.98% 149.579 9 Template:Cite_book"," 11.01% 137.425 21 Template:HMS"," 9.10% 113.624 7 Template:Navbox"," 9.01% 112.533 2 Template:Campaignbox"," 8.89% 110.970 1 Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Chesapeake_campaign"," 8.79% 109.775 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 6.78% 84.649 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.94% 61.625 2 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.631","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11973517,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBorneman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCruikshank2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDudley,_William_S.Crawford,_Michael_J.Hughes,_Christine_F.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames1818\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaura_Rich\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFListon2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLord1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorriss1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeimeyer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwanson1945\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Baltimore\"] = 1,\n [\"Battles of the War of 1812\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox War of 1812: Chesapeake campaign\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox War of 1812: Naval\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite RNB1823\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 4,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Baltimore\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 8,\n [\"HMS\"] = 21,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 7,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"War of 1812\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 8,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rmdbt","timestamp":"20241124053230","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Battle of Baltimore","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Baltimore","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1850527","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1850527","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-10-08T03:32:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T03:59:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e4\/Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg","headline":"War of 1812 battle"}</script> </body> </html>