CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Queen dowager - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"820ecb5e-6098-4723-906a-4a7cea9f4e69","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Queen_dowager","wgTitle":"Queen dowager","wgCurRevisionId":1254856297,"wgRevisionId":1254856297,"wgArticleId":409652,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from November 2021","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021","Queens consort","Royal titles","Widowhood"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Queen_dowager","wgRelevantArticleId":409652, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q718768","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Queen dowager - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_dowager"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_dowager"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Queen_dowager rootpage-Queen_dowager skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Queen+dowager" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Queen+dowager" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Queen+dowager" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Queen+dowager" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinction_from_queen_mother" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinction_from_queen_mother"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distinction from queen mother</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinction_from_queen_mother-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_queens_dowager" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_queens_dowager"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>British queens dowager</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_queens_dowager-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bavaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bavaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Bavaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bavaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Castile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Castile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-León" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#León"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>León</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-León-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prussia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prussia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.8</span> <span>Prussia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prussia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.9</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saxony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saxony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.10</span> <span>Saxony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saxony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.11</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.12</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_Sicilies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_Sicilies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.13</span> <span>Two Sicilies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_Sicilies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Württemberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Württemberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.14</span> <span>Württemberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Württemberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pacific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hawaii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Hawaii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myanmar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>Myanmar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.3</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>West Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jordan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Jordan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Queen dowager</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9" title="الملكة الأرملة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الملكة الأرملة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynang_byuda" title="Reynang byuda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Reynang byuda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovna_vdova" title="Královna vdova – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Královna vdova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiserinwitwe" title="Kaiserinwitwe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaiserinwitwe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87" title="ملکه بیوه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملکه بیوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reine_douairi%C3%A8re" title="Reine douairière – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reine douairière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%ED%83%9C%ED%9B%84" title="왕태후 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕태후" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina_vedova" title="Regina vedova – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regina vedova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karalien%C4%97_na%C5%A1l%C4%97" title="Karalienė našlė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karalienė našlė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaisuri_balu" title="Permaisuri balu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Permaisuri balu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainha-vi%C3%BAva" title="Rainha-viúva – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rainha-viúva" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowager_Queen" title="Dowager Queen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dowager Queen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljica_udovica" title="Kraljica udovica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kraljica udovica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84nkedrottning" title="Änkedrottning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Änkedrottning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynang_biyuda" title="Reynang biyuda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Reynang biyuda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_h%E1%BA%ADu" title="Vương thái hậu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương thái hậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="王太后 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="王太后" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q718768#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Queen_dowager" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Queen_dowager" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Queen_dowager" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&oldid=1254856297" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Queen_dowager&id=1254856297&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQueen_dowager"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQueen_dowager"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Queen_dowager&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q718768" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Status generally held by the widow of a king</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Queen_dowager" title="Special:EditPage/Queen dowager">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Queen+dowager%22">"Queen dowager"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Queen+dowager%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Queen+dowager%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Queen+dowager%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Queen+dowager%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Queen+dowager%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_(Common).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heraldic royal crown"><img alt="Heraldic royal crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/100px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/150px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/200px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="389" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Central concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven" title="Mandate of Heaven">Mandate of Heaven</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">Royal prerogative</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_system" title="Abdication system">Abdication system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Chinese Legalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_monarchy" title="Composite monarchy">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowned_republic" title="Crowned republic">Crowned republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_monarchy" title="Dual monarchy">Dual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_duchy" title="Grand duchy">Grand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">Dynastic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">Ethnarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_monarchy" title="Popular monarchy">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_union" title="Real union">Real union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coregency" title="Coregency">Coregency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signoria" title="Signoria">Signoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrarchy" title="Tetrarchy">Tetrarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumvirate" title="Triumvirate">Triarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_monarchy" title="Universal monarchy">Universal</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <p><b>Philosophers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Filmer" title="Robert Filmer">Filmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Balzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cr%C3%A9tineau-Joly" title="Jacques Crétineau-Joly">Crétineau-Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Gogol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Balmes" title="Jaime Balmes">Balmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Youwei" title="Kang Youwei">Youwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mu%C3%B1oz_Seca" title="Pedro Muñoz Seca">Seca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Bogdanor" title="Vernon Bogdanor">Bogdanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Yarvin</a></li></ul> <p><b>Works</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_regno,_ad_regem_Cypri" title="De regno, ad regem Cypri">De Regno</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1265-1266)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1313)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Six_livres_de_la_R%C3%A9publique" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Six livres de la République">Les Six livres de la République</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1576)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)" title="Leviathan (Hobbes book)">Leviathan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1651)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patriarcha" title="Patriarcha">Patriarcha</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1680)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Considerations_on_France" title="Considerations on France">Considerations on France</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy:_The_God_That_Failed" title="Democracy: The God That Failed">Democracy: The God That Failed</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Mazarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Ruffo" title="Fabrizio Ruffo">Ruffo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ercole_Consalvi" title="Ercole Consalvi">Consalvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_duc_de_Richelieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu">Plessis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie,_duc_Decazes" title="Élie, duc Decazes">Decazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Mella" title="Juan Vázquez de Mella">Mella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertand_Renouvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertand Renouvin">Renouvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Zhirinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Popescu-Tăriceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Zourabichvili</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus#Octavian_becomes_Augustus" title="Augustus">Birth of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Foundation of the Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarist autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Birth of the Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumvirate_of_1813" title="Triumvirate of 1813">Establishment of the Dutch monarchy</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trienio_Liberal" title="Trienio Liberal">Trienio Liberal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867" title="Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867">Austro-Hungarian Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">German unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="5 October 1910 Revolution">5 October 1910 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_(Brazil)" title="Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)">Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">Chinese Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_revolution_of_1932" title="Siamese revolution of 1932">Siamese revolution of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Birth of the Italian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Cambodia" title="Modern Cambodia">Modern Cambodia</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Polity</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Administration</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_appointment" title="Court appointment">Appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Officers_of_State" title="Great Officers of State">Great Officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_household" title="Royal household">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinue" title="Retinue">Retinue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camarilla" title="Camarilla">Camarilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">Courtier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">Favourite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_guard" title="Royal guard">Royal guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">Privy council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Council_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Crown Council (disambiguation)">Crown Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhzen" title="Makhzen">Makhzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksr%C3%A5d" title="Riksråd">Riksråd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonsism" title="Alfonsism">Alfonsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">Despotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism" title="Enlightened absolutism">Enlightened absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists">Legitimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguelist" title="Miguelist">Miguelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Dutch_Republic)" title="Orangism (Dutch Republic)">Orangism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Belgium)" title="Orangism (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Luxembourg)" title="Orangism (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Toryism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Tory" title="High Tory">High</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_dynasties" title="Lists of dynasties">Lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_descent" title="Royal descent">Descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_trees" title="List of family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_bastard" title="Royal bastard">Illegitimate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">Emperor system of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">Figurehead</a></li> <li>Heir <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">apparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">presumptive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingmaker" title="Kingmaker">Kingmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchies" title="List of monarchies">List of monarchies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchies" title="List of current monarchies">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_monarchies" title="List of former monarchies">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">Non-sovereign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Nobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">Peerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_of_the_realm" title="Peer of the realm">Realm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher_king" title="Philosopher king">Philosopher king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Pretender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_former_ruling_families" title="List of heads of former ruling families">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm" title="Realm">Realm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich" title="Reich">Reich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regicide" title="Regicide">Regicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_list" title="Regnal list">Regnal list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_number" title="Regnal number">Regnal number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">Sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Succession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-king" title="Anti-king">Anti-king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_crisis" title="Succession crisis">Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">Interregnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_rebellion" title="Princely rebellion">Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_succession" title="War of succession">War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">Usurper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_usurpers" title="List of usurpers">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchism" title="Template:Monarchism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchism" title="Template talk:Monarchism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy" title="Category:Monarchy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal, noble,<br />gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_(Gules_Mitre).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/110px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/165px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/220px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor, Empress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">dowager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar, Tsarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_king" title="Great king">Great king, Great queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_king" title="High king">High king, High queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_consort" class="mw-redirect" title="King consort">consort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_dowager" class="mw-redirect" title="King dowager">dowager</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li>Queen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">consort</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">dowager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">mother</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduke, Archduchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_duke" title="Grand duke">Grand duke, Grand duchess</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_consort" title="Prince consort">consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Princess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_consort" title="Princess consort">consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke, Duchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">Knyaz, Knyaginya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir" class="mw-redirect" title="Heir">Heir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">Heir presumptive</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzog" title="Herzog">Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarl" title="Jarl">Jarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector, Princess-elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Fürst, Fürstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess, Marchioness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Margrave, Margravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcher_lord" title="Marcher lord">Marcher lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgrave</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">Count palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Voivode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count, Countess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">Ealdorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount, Viscountess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">Castellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave">Burgrave, Burgravine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidame" title="Vidame">Vidame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">Starosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron, Baroness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_paramount" title="Lord paramount">Lord paramount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenant_in_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenant in chief">Tenant in chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_lord" title="Territorial lord">Territorial lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liege_lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Liege lord">Liege lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesne_lord" title="Mesne lord">Mesne lord</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lendmann" title="Lendmann">Lendmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobile_(aristocracy)" title="Nobile (aristocracy)">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edler" title="Edler">Edler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primor" title="Primor">Primor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidalgo" title="Fidalgo">Fidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Baronet, Baronetess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavasour" title="Vavasour">Vavasour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_knight" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial knight">Imperial knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight/Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritter" title="Ritter">Ritter</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight_bachelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight bachelor">Knight bachelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_(Scotland)" title="Thane (Scotland)">Thane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druzhina" title="Druzhina">Druzhinnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">Lord of the manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogt">Vogt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquire" title="Esquire">Esquire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentilhomme, Gente dame</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentleman, Gentlewoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(class)" title="Franklin (class)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoman" title="Yeoman">Yeoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_at_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Man at arms">Man at arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelfrei" title="Edelfrei">Edelfrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministerialis" title="Ministerialis">Ministerialis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Template:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Template talk:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>queen dowager</b> or <b>dowager queen</b> (compare: <b>princess dowager</b> or <b>dowager princess</b>) is a title or status generally held by the <a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">widow</a> of a king. In the case of the widow of an <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperor</a>, the title of <a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">empress dowager</a> is used. Its full meaning is clear from the two words from which it is composed: queen indicates someone who served as <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queen consort</a> (i.e. wife of a king), while <a href="/wiki/Dowager" title="Dowager">dowager</a> indicates a woman who continues to hold the title from her deceased husband (a queen who reigns in her own right is a <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queen regnant</a>). A <a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">queen mother</a> is a former queen consort, often a dowager queen, who is the mother of the reigning monarch. </p><p>As of 2024, there are four queens dowager: <a href="/wiki/Kesang_Choden_(queen)" title="Kesang Choden (queen)">Kesang Choden</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (who is the only living queen grandmother worldwide), <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Monineath" title="Norodom Monineath">Norodom Monineath</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> (who is also queen mother), <a href="/wiki/Queen_Noor_of_Jordan" title="Queen Noor of Jordan">Lisa Najeeb Halaby (Noor Al'Hussein)</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sirikit" title="Sirikit">Sirikit Kitiyakara</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (who is also queen mother). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A queen dowager has an important royal position (whether or not she is the mother of the reigning sovereign) but does not normally have any rights to succeed a king as monarch on his death unless she happens to be next in line to the throne (one possibility would be if the king and queen were also cousins and childless, the king had no other siblings, and she in her other position as his cousin was also his <a href="/wiki/Heiress_presumptive" class="mw-redirect" title="Heiress presumptive">heiress presumptive</a>). </p><p>A queen dowager continues to enjoy the title, <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">style</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">precedence</a> of a queen, but is no longer referred to as <i>the</i> queen. A new reigning king would have (at accession or eventually) a wife who would be the new queen consort and therefore <i>the</i> queen; a <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queen regnant</a> would also be called <i>the</i> queen. Many former queens consort do not formally use the word "dowager" as part of their titles. There may be more than one queen dowager at any given time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Garter_King_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Garter King of Arms">Garter King of Arms</a>'s proclamation in the United Kingdom of the styles and titles of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother at her funeral on 9 April 2002 illustrates her dual status as a queen dowager and a queen mother: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Thus it hath pleased Almighty God to take out of this transitory life unto His Divine Mercy the late Most High, Most Mighty and Most Excellent Princess Elizabeth, Queen Dowager and Queen Mother, Lady of the Most Noble <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a>, Lady of the Most Ancient and Most Noble <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Thistle" title="Order of the Thistle">Order of the Thistle</a>, Lady of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Order_of_the_Crown_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Order of the Crown of India">Imperial Order of the Crown of India</a>, Grand Master and Dame Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order" title="Royal Victorian Order">Royal Victorian Order</a> upon whom had been conferred the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Chain" title="Royal Victorian Chain">Royal Victorian Chain</a>, Dame Grand Cross of the Most Excellent <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>, Dame Grand Cross of the Most Venerable <a href="/wiki/Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable Order of Saint John">Order of the Hospital of St John</a>, Relict of His Majesty King George the Sixth and Mother of Her Most Excellent Majesty Elizabeth The Second by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other Realms and Territories Queen, <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fidei_defensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidei defensor">Defender of the Faith</a>, Sovereign of the Most Noble <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a>, whom may God preserve and bless with long life, health and honour and all worldly happiness.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinction_from_queen_mother">Distinction from queen mother</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distinction from queen mother"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">queen mother</a> is a former queen, often a queen dowager, who is the mother of the current monarch. Not every queen mother is a queen dowager, such as <a href="/wiki/Queen_Paola_of_Belgium" title="Queen Paola of Belgium">Queen Paola of Belgium</a>, who became the queen mother of her son <a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe</a> after her husband <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Belgium" title="Albert II of Belgium">Albert II</a> abdicated the throne but retained the title of king.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not all queens dowager are the queen mother; they may have a relation other than mother to the reigning monarch, such as aunt or grandmother. For example, <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, was queen dowager of France after the death of her husband <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a>, to whom she bore no children. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a> was queen dowager after her husband <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">William IV</a> was succeeded by his niece <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Victoria</a>. </p><p>Not every mother of a reigning monarch is the queen mother or a queen dowager. For example, the mother of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria of United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</a>, was neither a queen dowager nor the queen mother because her husband, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Augustus,_Duke_of_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent">Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent</a>, had never been king. Similarly, whilst being the mothers of monarchs, both <a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Saxe-Gotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusta of Saxe-Gotha">Augusta of Saxe-Gotha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Srinagarindra" title="Srinagarindra">Srinagarindra of Thailand</a> were not styled queen dowager because their respective husbands, <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Frederick, Prince of Wales">Frederick, Prince of Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahidol_Adulyadej" title="Mahidol Adulyadej">Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkla</a>, were never kings. Instead, Augusta held the title of "<a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Wales" title="Princess of Wales">Dowager Princess of Wales</a>" (a precedent was <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII of England</a>'s mother, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Lady Margaret Beaufort</a>, titled "My Lady the King's Mother"); Srinagarindra meanwhile received the designation "Princess Mother".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As there is only one monarch, there can only be one queen mother. It is possible for there to be a queen mother and one or more queens dowager alive at any one time. This situation occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> in the period between the accession of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> on 6 February 1952 and the death of her paternal grandmother on 24 March 1953, when, for slightly over a year, there were three queens alive: </p> <ul><li>Queen Elizabeth II, the reigning monarch (<a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queen regnant</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</a>, the widow of the deceased <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">King George VI</a> and the mother of the reigning queen. Queen Elizabeth, the former queen consort, specifically adopted the appellation <i>queen mother</i> to distinguish herself from her daughter, Queen Elizabeth II. She reportedly loathed being referred to as a <i>dowager queen</i>, and felt there would be confusion if she were called simply by her name, as her two immediate predecessors, Queen Mary and Queen Alexandra, had been.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a>, the widow of <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a>, the mother of the former king <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> (the then <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Windsor" title="Duke of Windsor">Duke of Windsor</a>) and of the late King George VI. Queen Mary had been the queen mother from the death of her husband in 1936 until the accession of her granddaughter, Queen Elizabeth II, in 1952. She continued to be titled and styled <i>Her Majesty Queen Mary</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_queens_dowager">British queens dowager</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British queens dowager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_queen_mothers" title="British queen mothers">British queen mothers</a></div> <p>There were several former queens consort of England, Scotland, and later the United Kingdom, who were never queen mothers. The following queens were dowagers between the given dates, whether queen mothers or not: </p><p>Of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wessex" title="Edith of Wessex">Edith of Wessex</a> 5 January 1066 – 18 December 1075, wife of <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>; sister of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold Godwinson</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeliza_of_Louvain" title="Adeliza of Louvain">Adeliza of Louvain</a> 1 December 1135 – 23 April 1151, wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a>; remarried to <a href="/wiki/William_d%27Aubigny,_1st_Earl_of_Arundel" title="William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel">William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel</a> in 1139.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a> 6 July 1189 – 1 April 1204, wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a>; <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">John</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria of Navarre</a> 6 April 1199 – 23 December 1230, wife of <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a> 18/19 October 1216 – 31 May 1246, wife of <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">John of England</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a>. Remarried to <a href="/wiki/Hugh_X_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh X of Lusignan">Hugh X of Lusignan</a> 1220.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a> 16 November 1272 – 24 June 1291, wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_of_France_(born_1282)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite of France (born 1282)">Marguerite of France</a> 7 July 1307 – 14 February 1317, wife of <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a> and stepmother to <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a> September 1327 – 22 August 1358, wife of <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>, from her husband's deposition on 20 January 1327.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" title="Isabella of Valois">Isabella of Valois</a> 14 February 1399 – 13 September 1409, wife of <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II of England</a>; ceased to be queen consort with Richard's deposition on 30 September 1399. Remarried to <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_de_Valois,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I de Valois, Duke of Orléans">Charles I de Valois, Duke of Orléans</a> on 29 June 1406.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_England" title="Joan of Navarre, Queen of England">Joanna of Navarre</a> 20 March 1413—9 July 1437, wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV of England</a> and stepmother to <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a> 31 August 1422 – 3 January 1437, wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a>. Remarried to <a href="/wiki/Owen_Tudor" title="Owen Tudor">Owen Tudor</a> in 1428 or 1429.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a> 21 May 1471 – 25 August 1482, wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a> 9 April 1483 – 8 June 1492, wife of <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV of England</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Edward_V_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward V of England">Edward V of England</a> until the latter's deposition in 1483.</li></ul> <p>Of England and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a> 28 January 1547 – 5 September 1548, sixth and last wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a> and stepmother to his children <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">King Edward VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Lady Mary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Lady Elizabeth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remarried to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Seymour,_1st_Baron_Seymour_of_Sudeley" title="Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley">Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley</a> most likely in mid-spring of 1547 and was mother to <a href="/wiki/Mary_Seymour" title="Mary Seymour">Mary Seymour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret of Wessex</a> 13 November 1093 – 6 November 1093, wife of <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">Malcolm III of Scotland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont">Ermengarde de Beaumont</a> 4 December 1214 – 12 February 1233/34, wife of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Lion" title="William the Lion">William I of Scotland</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotland" title="Alexander II of Scotland">Alexander II of Scotland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a> 6 July 1249 – 1285, wife of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotland" title="Alexander II of Scotland">Alexander II of Scotland</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III of Scotland</a>. Remarried to Jean de Brienne in 1257.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland">Yolande of Dreux</a> 19 March 1286 – 2 August 1322, wife of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III of Scotland</a>. Remarried to <a href="/wiki/Arthur_II,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Arthur II, Duke of Brittany">Arthur II, Duke of Brittany</a> in 1292.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots">Joan Beaufort</a> 21 February 1437 – 15 July 1445, wife of <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland" title="James I of Scotland">James I of Scotland</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland" title="James II of Scotland">James II of Scotland</a>. Remarried to <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_the_Black_Knight_of_Lorn" title="James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn">James Stewart</a> in 1439.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guelders" title="Mary of Guelders">Mary of Guelders</a> 3 August 1460 – 1 December 1463, wife of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland" title="James II of Scotland">James II of Scotland</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III of Scotland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret Tudor</a> 9 September 1513 – 8 October 1541, wife of <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV of Scotland</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James V of Scotland">James V of Scotland</a>. Remarried to <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Douglas,_6th_Earl_of_Angus" title="Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus">Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus</a> in 1514 and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stewart,_1st_Lord_Methven" title="Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven">Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven</a> in 1528.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a> 14 December 1542 – 11 June 1560, wife of <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James V of Scotland">James V of Scotland</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>.</li></ul> <p>Of England, Ireland and Scotland </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a> 30 January 1649 – 10 September 1669, wife of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a> 6 February 1685 – 30 November 1705, wife of Charles II.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a> 16 September 1701 – 7 May 1718, wife of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II and VII</a>; ceased to be queen consort with his deposition on 11 December 1688.</li></ul> <p>Of the United Kingdom: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a> 20 June 1837 – 2 December 1849, wife of <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">William IV</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra of Denmark</a> 6 May 1910 – 20 November 1925, wife of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>, <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a> 20 January 1936 – 24 March 1953, wife of <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>, <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> until the latter's death on 6 February 1952.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a> 6 February 1952 – 30 March 2002, wife of <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> and <i>queen mother</i> to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> – styled as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.</li></ul> <p>If the current queen consort, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Queen Camilla</a>, outlives the incumbent king, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a>, she will become a queen dowager, while King Charles’s <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">son</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Catherine, Princess of Wales">daughter in law</a> become the new king and queen consort respectively. She would not be known as a queen mother, as she is not the biological parent of Prince William. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note that in some of the countries mentioned below it is unusual to indicate a former queen-consort as a dowager. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Dowager_Xuan" title="Queen Dowager Xuan">Queen Dowager Xuan</a>, concubine of <a href="/wiki/King_Xiaowen_of_Qin" title="King Xiaowen of Qin">King Xiaowen</a> and mother of <a href="/wiki/King_Zhaoxiang_of_Qin" title="King Zhaoxiang of Qin">King Zhaoxiang of Qin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Dowager_Zhao" title="Queen Dowager Zhao">Queen Dowager Zhao</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/King_Zhuangxiang_of_Qin" title="King Zhuangxiang of Qin">King Zhuangxiang of Qin</a> and mother of <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_L%C3%BC" title="Empress Lü">Empress Lü</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han" title="Emperor Gaozu of Han">Emperor Gaozu of Han</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Wu Zetian</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozong of Tang">Emperor Gaozong</a> and mother of Emperors <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhongzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhongzong of Tang">Zhongzong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ruizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Ruizong of Tang">Ruizong</a> of Tang. Later became the only <a href="/wiki/Empress_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress regnant">Empress regnant</a> in the history of China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi">Empress Dowager Cixi</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Xianfeng_Emperor" title="Xianfeng Emperor">Xianfeng Emperor</a> and mother of <a href="/wiki/Tongzhi_Emperor" title="Tongzhi Emperor">Tongzhi Emperor</a> of Qing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Eish%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Eishō">Empress Dowager Eishō</a> (11 January 1835 – 11 January 1897), wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Kōmei">Emperor Kōmei</a> of Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Sh%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Shōken">Empress Shōken</a> (9 May 1849 – 9 April 1914), wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> of Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Teimei" title="Empress Teimei">Empress Teimei</a> (25 June 1884 – 17 May 1951), wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D" title="Emperor Taishō">Emperor Taishō</a> of Japan and mother of <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Emperor Shōwa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Djun" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Kōjun">Empress Kōjun</a> (6 March 1903 – 16 June 2000), wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Emperor Shōwa</a> of Japan and mother of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korea">Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Heonae" title="Queen Heonae">Queen Heonae</a> (997–1009), third wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Gyeongjong_of_Goryeo" title="Gyeongjong of Goryeo">Gyeongjong of Goryeo</a> and sister of <a href="/wiki/Seongjong_of_Goryeo" title="Seongjong of Goryeo">Seongjong of Goryeo</a>, mother of <a href="/wiki/Mokjong_of_Goryeo" title="Mokjong of Goryeo">Mokjong of Goryeo</a> and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Gwangjong_of_Goryeo" title="Gwangjong of Goryeo">Gwangjong of Goryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Gongye" title="Queen Gongye">Queen Gongye</a> (1126–1146), third wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Injong_of_Goryeo" title="Injong of Goryeo">Injong of Goryeo</a> and mother of <a href="/wiki/Uijong_of_Goryeo" title="Uijong of Goryeo">Uijong of Goryeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myeongjong_of_Goryeo" title="Myeongjong of Goryeo">Myeongjong of Goryeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinjong_of_Goryeo" title="Sinjong of Goryeo">Sinjong of Goryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Jangryeol" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Jangryeol">Queen Jangryeol</a> (1624–1688), wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Injo_of_Joseon" title="Injo of Joseon">Injo of Joseon</a> step-mother of <a href="/wiki/Hyojong_of_Joseon" title="Hyojong of Joseon">Hyojong of Joseon</a>, step-grandmother of <a href="/wiki/Hyeonjong_of_Joseon" title="Hyeonjong of Joseon">Hyeonjong of Joseon</a>, step-great-grandmother of <a href="/wiki/Sukjong_of_Joseon" title="Sukjong of Joseon">Sukjong of Joseon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Jeongsun" title="Queen Jeongsun">Queen Jeongsun</a> (1745–1805), second wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Yeongjo_of_Joseon" title="Yeongjo of Joseon">Yeongjo of Joseon</a> and step-grandmother of <a href="/wiki/Jeongjo_of_Joseon" title="Jeongjo of Joseon">Jeongjo of Joseon</a> and step-great-grandmother of <a href="/wiki/Sunjo_of_Joseon" title="Sunjo of Joseon">Sunjo of Joseon</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bavaria">Bavaria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bavaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Baden" title="Caroline of Baden">Caroline of Baden</a> (1825–1841), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria">Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Prussia" title="Marie of Prussia">Marie of Prussia</a> (1864–1889), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian II of Bavaria">Maximilian II of Bavaria</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Castile">Castile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Castile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafalda_of_Portugal" title="Mafalda of Portugal">Mafalda of Portugal</a> (1197-1 May 1256), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Castile" title="Henry I of Castile">Henry I of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Portugal" title="Constance of Portugal">Constance of Portugal</a> (3 January 1290 – 18 November 1313), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV of Castile</a>, mother of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile">Maria of Portugal</a> (9 February 1313 – 18 January 1357), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI of Castile</a>, mother of King <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Castile">Peter I of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile">Isabella of Portugal</a> (1428 – 15 August 1496), wife of King <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Castile" title="John II of Castile">John II of Castile</a>, mother of <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Portugal" title="Joan of Portugal">Joan of Portugal</a> (20 March 1439 – 12 December 1475), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile" title="Henry IV of Castile">Henry IV of Castile</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Croatia">Croatia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Zadar" title="Helen of Zadar">Helen of Zadar</a> (969 – 976), wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kre%C5%A1imir_II_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Krešimir II of Croatia">Michael Krešimir II of Croatia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Denmark">Denmark</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jutta_of_Saxony" title="Jutta of Saxony">Jutta of Saxony</a> (1250–1267), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Eric_IV_of_Denmark" title="Eric IV of Denmark">Eric IV of Denmark</a>. Remarried to Burchard VIII, Count of Querfurt-Rosenburg.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Matilda of Holstein">Matilda of Holstein</a> (1252–1288), widow of <a href="/wiki/Abel,_King_of_Denmark" title="Abel, King of Denmark">Abel, King of Denmark</a>. Remarried to <a href="/wiki/Birger_Jarl" title="Birger Jarl">Birger Jarl</a> in 1261.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sambiria" title="Margaret Sambiria">Margaret Sambiria</a> (1259–1282), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Christopher_I_of_Denmark" title="Christopher I of Denmark">Christopher I of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Brandenburg" title="Agnes of Brandenburg">Agnes of Brandenburg</a> (1286–1304), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Eric_V_of_Denmark" title="Eric V of Denmark">Eric V of Denmark</a>. Remarried to <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_II,_Count_of_Holstein-Pl%C3%B6n" title="Gerhard II, Count of Holstein-Plön">Gerhard II, Count of Holstein-Plön</a> in 1293.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Brandenburg" title="Dorothea of Brandenburg">Dorothea of Brandenburg</a> (1448–1449, 1481–1495), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher III</a> and later King <a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Saxony" title="Christina of Saxony">Christina of Saxony</a> (1513–1521), widow of <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John, King of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Pomerania" title="Sophie of Pomerania">Sophie of Pomerania</a> (1533–1568), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Denmark" title="Frederick I of Denmark">Frederick I of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg">Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg</a> (1559–1571), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow">Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a> (1588–1631), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_of_Brunswick-Calenberg" title="Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg">Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg</a> (1670–1685), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel">Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1699–1714), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">Christian V of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sophie_Reventlow" title="Anne Sophie Reventlow">Anne Sophie Reventlow</a> (1730–1743), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark" title="Frederick IV of Denmark">Frederick IV of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Magdalene_of_Brandenburg-Kulmbach" title="Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach">Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach</a> (1746–1770), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark" title="Christian VI of Denmark">Christian VI of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_Maria_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a> (1766–1796), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Marie of Hesse-Kassel">Marie of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1839–1852), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Amalie_of_Augustenburg" title="Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg">Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg</a> (1848–1881), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Christian VIII of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Sweden" title="Louise of Sweden">Louise of Sweden</a> (1912–1926), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrine_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a> (1947–1952), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Christian X of Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_of_Sweden" title="Ingrid of Sweden">Ingrid of Sweden</a> (1972–2000), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederik_IX_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik IX of Denmark">Frederik IX of Denmark</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece">Greece</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Constantinovna_of_Russia" title="Olga Constantinovna of Russia">Olga Constantinovna of Russia</a> (1913–1924), widow of King <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Prussia" title="Sophia of Prussia">Sophia of Prussia</a> (1923–1924), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine I of Greece</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederica_of_Hanover" title="Frederica of Hanover">Frederica of Hanover</a> (1964–1973), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Greece" title="Paul of Greece">Paul of Greece</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="León"><span id="Le.C3.B3n"></span>León</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: León"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Portugal" title="Urraca of Portugal">Urraca of Portugal</a> (1151–1222), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand II of León">Ferdinand II of León</a>, mother of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Theresa of Portugal, Queen of León">Teresa of Portugal</a> (4 October 1178 – 8 June 1250), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Portugal" title="Constance of Portugal">Constance of Portugal</a> (3 January 1290 – 18 November 1313), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Fernando IV of León</a>, mother of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile">Maria of Portugal</a> (9 February 1313 – 18 January 1357), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI of León</a>, mother of King <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Castile">Peter I of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile">Isabella of Portugal</a> (1428 – 15 August 1496), wife of King <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Castile" title="John II of Castile">John II of León</a>, mother of <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Portugal" title="Joan of Portugal">Joan of Portugal</a> (20 March 1439 – 12 December 1475), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile" title="Henry IV of Castile">Henry IV of León</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portugal">Portugal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Castile_(1242%E2%80%931303)" title="Beatrice of Castile (1242–1303)">Beatrice of Castile</a> (1242 – 27 October 1303), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_III_of_Portugal" title="Afonso III of Portugal">Afonso III of Portugal</a> and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Dinis_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinis I of Portugal">Dinis I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Aragon">Elizabeth of Aragon</a> (1271 – 4 July 1336), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Dinis_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinis I of Portugal">Dinis I of Portugal</a> and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal" title="Afonso IV of Portugal">Afonso IV of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Castile_(1293%E2%80%931359)" title="Beatrice of Castile (1293–1359)">Beatrice of Castile</a> (8 March 1293 – 25 October 1359), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal" title="Afonso IV of Portugal">Afonso IV of Portugal</a> and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Portugal" title="Peter I of Portugal">Peter I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonor_Telles_de_Menezes" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonor Telles de Menezes">Leonor Telles de Menezes</a> (1350 – 27 April 1386), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Fernando_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando I of Portugal">Fernando I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal">Eleanor of Aragon</a> (1 February 1402 – 19 February 1445), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Duarte_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Duarte I of Portugal">Duarte I of Portugal</a> and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_V_of_Portugal" title="Afonso V of Portugal">Afonso V of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Viseu" title="Eleanor of Viseu">Eleanor of Viseu</a> (2 May 1458 – 17 November 1525), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_II_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="João II of Portugal">João II of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Eleanor of Austria">Eleanor of Austria</a> (15 November 1498 – 25 February 1558), third wife of King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal">Catherine of Austria</a> (14 January 1507 – 12 February 1578), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_III_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="João III of Portugal">João III of Portugal</a> and grandmother of King <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastião I of Portugal">Sebastião I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_of_Guzman" class="mw-redirect" title="Luisa of Guzman">Luisa of Guzman</a> (13 October 1613 – 27 February 1666), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_IV_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="João IV of Portugal">João IV of Portugal</a> and mother of Kings <a href="/wiki/Afonso_VI_of_Portugal" title="Afonso VI of Portugal">Afonso VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro II of Portugal">Pedro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Austria" title="Maria Anna of Austria">Maria Anna of Austria</a> (7 September 1683 – 14 August 1754), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_V_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="João V of Portugal">João V of Portugal</a> and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="José I of Portugal">José I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Victoria_of_Spain" title="Mariana Victoria of Spain">Mariana Victoria of Spain</a> (31 March 1718 – 15 January 1781), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="José I of Portugal">José I of Portugal</a> and mother of Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlota_Joaquina_of_Spain" title="Carlota Joaquina of Spain">Carlota Joaquina of Spain</a> (25 April 1775 – 7 January 1830), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_VI_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="João VI of Portugal">João VI of Portugal</a> and mother of King-Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro IV of Portugal</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Miguel_I_of_Portugal" title="Miguel I of Portugal">Miguel I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pia_of_Savoy" title="Maria Pia of Savoy">Maria Pia of Savoy</a> (14 February 1847 – 5 July 1911), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">Luís I of Portugal</a> and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal" title="Carlos I of Portugal">Carlos I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_of_Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Amélie of Orleans">Amélie of Orleans</a> (28 September 1865 – 25 October 1951), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal" title="Carlos I of Portugal">Carlos I of Portugal</a> and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Portugal" title="Manuel II of Portugal">Manuel II of Portugal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prussia">Prussia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Prussia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Louise_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a> (25 February 1713 – 29 July 1735), third wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick I of Prussia">Frederick I of Prussia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Dorothea_of_Hanover" title="Sophia Dorothea of Hanover">Sophia Dorothea of Hanover</a> (31 May 1740 – 28 June 1757), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William I of Prussia">Frederick William I of Prussia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Christine_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel-Bevern" title="Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern">Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern</a> (17 August 1786 – 13 January 1797), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick II of Prussia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederica_Louisa_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt">Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt</a> (16 November 1797 – 25 February 1805), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_II_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William II of Prussia">Frederick William II of Prussia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Ludovika_of_Bavaria" title="Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria">Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria</a> (2 January 1861 – 14 December 1873), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William IV of Prussia">Frederick William IV of Prussia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a> (9 March 1888 – 7 January 1890), widow of <a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I, German Emperor</a> and King of Prussia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Princess_Royal" title="Victoria, Princess Royal">Victoria, Princess Royal</a> (15 June 1888 – 5 August 1901), widow of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III, German Emperor</a> and King of Prussia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romania">Romania</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Wied" title="Elisabeth of Wied">Elisabeth of Wied</a> (27 September 1914 – 2 March 1916), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Romania" title="Marie of Romania">Marie of Edinburgh</a> (20 July 1927 – 18 July 1938), widow of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I of Romania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saxony">Saxony</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Saxony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalie_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken-Birkenfeld" title="Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld">Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld</a> (10 May 1752 – 15 November 1828), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus I of Saxony">Frederick Augustus I of Saxony</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Bavaria_(born_1805)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1805)">Maria Anna of Bavaria</a> (27 January 1805 – 13 September 1877), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_II_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus II of Saxony">Frederick Augustus II of Saxony</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalie_Auguste_of_Bavaria" title="Amalie Auguste of Bavaria">Amalie Auguste of Bavaria</a> (13 November 1801 – 8 November 1877), widow of King <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Saxony" title="John, King of Saxony">John of Saxony</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carola_of_Vasa" title="Carola of Vasa">Carola of Vasa</a> (5 August 1833 – 15 December 1907), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Albert,_King_of_Saxony" title="Albert, King of Saxony">Albert of Saxony</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_of_Austria" title="Mariana of Austria">Mariana of Austria</a> (24 December 1634 – 16 May 1696), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Neuburg" title="Maria Anna of Neuburg">Maria Anna of Neuburg</a> (28 October 1667 – 16 July 1740), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans</a> (9 December 1709 – 16 June 1742), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Farnese" title="Elisabeth Farnese">Elisabeth Farnese</a> (25 October 1692 – 11 July 1766), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies">Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies</a> (27 April 1806 – 22 August 1878), fourth wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII" title="Ferdinand VII">Ferdinand VII</a> of Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_Austria" title="Maria Christina of Austria">Maria Christina of Austria</a> (21 July 1858 – 6 February 1929), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a> of Spain.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sweden">Sweden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Sweden, there has also been another title for a dowager queen, called <i>Riksänkedrottning</i>, which means <i>Queen Dowager of the Realm</i>. This title was used in the 16th and 17th centuries. The last time the title queen dowager was used was in 1913. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Stenbock" title="Catherine Stenbock">Catherine Stenbock</a>, (1537–1610), third wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav I of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunilla_Bielke" title="Gunilla Bielke">Gunilla Bielke</a>, (1568–1597), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Christina of Holstein-Gottorp">Christina of Holstein-Gottorp</a>, (1573–1625), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles IX of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Eleonora_of_Brandenburg" title="Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg">Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg</a>, (1599–1655), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_II_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf II Adolf of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_Eleonora_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp">Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp</a>, (1636–1715), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Ulrika_of_Prussia" title="Louisa Ulrika of Prussia">Louisa Ulrika of Prussia</a>, (1720–1781), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Frederick_of_Sweden" title="Adolf Frederick of Sweden">Adolph Frederick of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Magdalena_of_Denmark" title="Sophia Magdalena of Denmark">Sophia Magdalena of Denmark</a>, (1746–1815), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_III_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf III of Sweden">Gustav III of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedvig_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp">Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp</a>, (1759–1818), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIII_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIII of Sweden">Charles XIII of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary" title="Désirée Clary">Désirée Clary</a>, (1777–1860), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Charles XIV John of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_of_Leuchtenberg" title="Josephine of Leuchtenberg">Josephine of Leuchtenberg</a>, (1807–1876), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Nassau" title="Sophia of Nassau">Sophia of Nassau</a>, (1836–1913), widow of King <a href="/wiki/Oscar_II_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar II of Sweden">Oscar II of Sweden</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Two_Sicilies">Two Sicilies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Two Sicilies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Isabella_of_Spain" title="María Isabella of Spain">María Isabella of Spain</a> (1830–1848), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francis I of the Two Sicilies</a>. Remarried to Francesco, Count dal Balzo dei Duchi di Presenzano in 1839.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria,_Queen_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of the Two Sicilies">Maria Theresa of Austria</a> (1859–1861), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Württemberg"><span id="W.C3.BCrttemberg"></span>Württemberg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Württemberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Princess_Royal" title="Charlotte, Princess Royal">Charlotte, Princess Royal of Great Britain and Ireland</a> (30 October 1816 – 5 October 1828), second wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Frederick I of Württemberg">Frederick I of Württemberg</a> and stepmother of King <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="William I of Württemberg">William I of Württemberg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Therese_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Pauline Therese of Württemberg">Pauline Therese of Württemberg</a> (25 June 1864 – 10 May 1873), second wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="William I of Württemberg">William I of Württemberg</a> and mother of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Charles I of Württemberg">Charles I of Württemberg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Olga Nikolaevna of Russia">Olga Nikolaevna of Russia</a> (6 October 1891 – 30 October 1892), widow of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Charles I of Württemberg">Charles I of Württemberg</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific">Pacific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pacific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hawaii">Hawaii</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dowager Queen <a href="/wiki/Ka%27ahumanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'ahumanu">Ka'ahumanu</a>, favoured wife of King <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_I" title="Kamehameha I">Kamehameha I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Emma_of_Hawaii" title="Queen Emma of Hawaii">Queen Emma of Hawaii</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/King_Kamehameha_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King Kamehameha IV">King Kamehameha IV</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_of_Leuchtenberg" title="Amélie of Leuchtenberg">Amélie of Leuchtenberg</a> (July 31, 1812 – January 26, 1873), second wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I of Brazil</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Perempuan_Tengku_Anis" title="Raja Perempuan Tengku Anis">Raja Perempuan Tengku Anis</a> of Kelantan, widow of <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Petra_of_Kelantan" title="Ismail Petra of Kelantan">Sultan Ismail Petra</a></li> <li><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanah_Nora_binti_Almarhum_Tengku_Ahmad" class="extiw" title="ms:Sultanah Nora binti Almarhum Tengku Ahmad">Tunku Puan Nora</a> of Johor, widow of <a href="/wiki/Ismail_of_Johor" title="Ismail of Johor">Sultan Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Permaisuri_Tuanku_Bainun" title="Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun">Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun</a> of Perak, widow of <a href="/wiki/Azlan_Shah_of_Perak" title="Azlan Shah of Perak">Sultan Azlan Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Najihah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuanku Najihah">Tunku Ampuan Najihah</a> of Negeri Sembilan, widow of <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Ja%27afar_of_Negeri_Sembilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuanku Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan">Tuanku Ja'afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaisuri_Siti_Aishah" title="Permaisuri Siti Aishah">Permaisuri Siti Aishah</a> of Selangor, widow of <a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_of_Selangor" title="Salahuddin of Selangor">Sultan Salahuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Puan_Besar_Haminah" title="Che Puan Besar Haminah">Che Puan Besar Haminah</a> of Kedah, widow of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_of_Kedah" title="Abdul Halim of Kedah">Sultan Abdul Halim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cik_Puan_Besar_Kalsom" class="mw-redirect" title="Cik Puan Besar Kalsom">Cik Puan Besar Kalsom</a> of Pahang, widow of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Ahmad Shah of Pahang">Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Myanmar">Myanmar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Myanmar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yun_San" title="Yun San">Yun San</a>, chief queen consort of King <a href="/wiki/Alaungpaya" title="Alaungpaya">Alaungpaya</a> and mother to three successive kings, <a href="/wiki/Naungdawgyi" title="Naungdawgyi">Naungdawgyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hsinbyushin" title="Hsinbyushin">Hsinbyushin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bodawpaya" title="Bodawpaya">Bodawpaya</a></li> <li>Shin Phyo Oo, chief queen consort of King Naungdawgyi, mother to <a href="/wiki/Phaungkaza_Maung_Maung" title="Phaungkaza Maung Maung">Phaungka</a></li> <li>Me Myat Shwe, Princess of <a href="/wiki/Taungoo" title="Taungoo">Taungoo</a>, chief queen consort of King <a href="/wiki/Tharrawaddy_Min" title="Tharrawaddy Min">Tharawaddy</a>, mother of <a href="/wiki/Pagan_Min" title="Pagan Min">King Pagan</a> and Queen Consort <a href="/wiki/Setkya_Dewi" title="Setkya Dewi">Setkya Dewi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyaut_Maw_Mibaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyaut Maw Mibaya (page does not exist)">Kyaut Maw Mibaya</a>, Shin Min Yin, queen of the southern department of King Tharawaddy and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Mindon_Min" title="Mindon Min">Mindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laungshe_Mibaya" title="Laungshe Mibaya">Laungshe Mibaya</a>, Nanzwe queen consort of King Mindon and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Thibaw_Min" title="Thibaw Min">Thibaw</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thailand">Thailand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarindra" title="Amarindra">Amarindra</a>, (7 September 1809 – 25 May 1826), wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Rama_I" title="Rama I">Rama I</a> of Siam and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Rama_II_of_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama II of Siam">Rama II of Siam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Suriyendra" title="Sri Suriyendra">Sri Suriyendra</a>, (21 July 1824 - 18 October 1836), wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Rama_II" title="Rama II">Rama II</a> of Siam and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Pinklao" title="Pinklao">Pinklao</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saovabha_Phongsri" title="Saovabha Phongsri">Saovabha Phongsri</a>, (23 October 1910 – 20 October 1919), wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> of Siam and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Vajiravudh</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Prajadhipok" title="Prajadhipok">Prajadhipok</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savang_Vadhana" title="Savang Vadhana">Savang Vadhana</a>, (23 October 1910 – 17 December 1955), wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> of Siam and grandmother of King <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Mahidol" title="Ananda Mahidol">Ananda Mahidol</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Bhumibol Adulyadej</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumala_Marasri" title="Sukhumala Marasri">Sukhumala Marasri</a>, (23 October 1910 – 9 July 1927), wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> of Siam.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambai_Barni" title="Rambai Barni">Rambai Barni</a>, (30 May 1941 – 22 May 1984), wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Prajadhipok" title="Prajadhipok">Prajadhipok</a> of Siam.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirikit" title="Sirikit">Sirikit</a>, (since 13 October 2016), wife and widow of King <a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Bhumibol Adulyadej</a> of Thailand and mother of King <a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Asia">West Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: West Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jordan">Jordan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Jordan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musbah_bint_Nasser" title="Musbah bint Nasser">Musbah bint Nasser</a> (1884 – 15 March 1961), wife of <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah I of Jordan</a> and mother of <a href="/wiki/Talal_of_Jordan" title="Talal of Jordan">Talal of Jordan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zein_Al-Sharaf_Talal" class="mw-redirect" title="Zein Al-Sharaf Talal">Zein Al-Sharaf Talal</a> (2 August 1916 – 26 April 1994), wife of <a href="/wiki/Talal_of_Jordan" title="Talal of Jordan">Talal of Jordan</a> and mother of <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">Hussein of Jordan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Noor_of_Jordan" title="Queen Noor of Jordan">Lisa Najeeb Halaby (Noor Al'Hussein)</a> (b. 23 August 1951), the fourth wife and widow of <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">King Hussein of Jordan</a> and the stepmother of the current king, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">Abdullah II</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiction">Fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the novel series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Diaries" title="The Princess Diaries">The Princess Diaries</a></i>, the character Princess Clarisse Marie Grimaldi Renaldo is the princess dowager of the <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> of Genovia. In the films, where Genovia is portrayed as a kingdom, Clarisse is portrayed as a dowager queen. </p><p>In the fantasy novel series <i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="A Song of Ice and Fire">A Song of Ice and Fire</a></i>, and later the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a></i>, the character <a href="/wiki/Cersei_Lannister" title="Cersei Lannister">Cersei Lannister</a> became the queen mother to King <a href="/wiki/Joffrey_Baratheon" title="Joffrey Baratheon">Joffrey Baratheon</a> after her husband <a href="/wiki/Robert_Baratheon" title="Robert Baratheon">Robert Baratheon</a> was killed in a hunting accident, although she managed to strong-arm the position of regent as well, and was thus known as the "queen regent". In the episode "<a href="/wiki/High_Sparrow_(Game_of_Thrones)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sparrow (Game of Thrones)">High Sparrow</a>", the new queen consort, <a href="/wiki/Margaery_Tyrell" title="Margaery Tyrell">Margaery Tyrell</a>, mocks Cersei's loss of power by asking her to clarify whether she should be addressed as queen mother or dowager queen. </p><p>In the 2015 Indian movie <a href="/wiki/Baahubali:_The_Beginning" title="Baahubali: The Beginning"><i>Baahubali-The Beginning</i></a> and its sequel <a href="/wiki/Baahubali_2:_The_Conclusion" title="Baahubali 2: The Conclusion"><i>Baahubali-the Conclusion</i></a>, actress <a href="/wiki/Ramya_Krishnan" title="Ramya Krishnan">Ramya Krishnan</a> portrays the character "Rajamatha Shivagami Devi". In most Indian languages, the word 'rajamata' means 'Queen-Mother'. </p><p>In the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Live_the_Queen_(video_game)" title="Long Live the Queen (video game)">Long Live the Queen</a></i>, after the queen regnant of the kingdom of Nova is assassinated, her widower is referred to as the king-dowager. </p><p>In the 2023 <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte:_A_Bridgerton_Story" title="Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story">Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story</a></i>, actress <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Fairley" title="Michelle Fairley">Michelle Fairley</a> portrays Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales, King George's mother. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/b21a411a425b4ce29affa075182d3795">"Belgium's queen mother flies home for health tests"</a>. <i>AP</i>. September 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP&rft.atitle=Belgium%27s+queen+mother+flies+home+for+health+tests&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fb21a411a425b4ce29affa075182d3795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQueen+dowager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine Parr continued to use the title Queen Dowager even after her remarriage to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Seymour,_1st_Baron_Seymour_of_Sudeley" title="Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley">Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley</a>, the younger brother of the late <a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour" title="Jane Seymour">Jane Seymour</a>, Henry VIII's third wife.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linda Porter. <i>Katherine, the queen,</i> Macmillan 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&oldid=1254856297">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&oldid=1254856297</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Queens_consort" title="Category:Queens consort">Queens consort</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_titles" title="Category:Royal titles">Royal titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Widowhood" title="Category:Widowhood">Widowhood</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2021">Articles needing additional references from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 01:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queen_dowager&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bgqhr","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.421","walltime":"0.553","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1932,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":84456,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10662,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":94888,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 393.783 1 -total"," 32.76% 129.017 1 Template:Monarchism"," 32.19% 126.774 1 Template:Politics_series_sidebar"," 31.66% 124.656 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 19.92% 78.446 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.06% 67.198 1 Template:Cite_web"," 16.49% 64.942 1 Template:Short_description"," 15.25% 60.056 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 13.93% 54.871 1 Template:Ambox"," 10.56% 41.593 7 Template:Hlist"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.227","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4398478,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lnt6z","timestamp":"20241122140631","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Queen dowager","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_dowager","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q718768","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q718768","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-21T00:01:33Z","dateModified":"2024-11-02T01:18:28Z","headline":"title or status generally held by the widow of a king"}</script> </body> </html>