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accesskey="z"><span>Hlavní strana</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Obsah" title="Místo, kde najdete pomoc"><span>Nápověda</span></a></li><li id="n-helpdesk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pot%C5%99ebuji_pomoc" title="Pokud si nevíte rady, zeptejte se ostatních"><span>Potřebuji pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Nejlep%C5%A1%C3%AD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Přehled článků, které jsou považovány za nejlepší na české Wikipedii"><span>Nejlepší články</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:N%C3%A1hodn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Přejít na náhodně vybranou stránku [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Náhodný článek</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Posledn%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny" title="Seznam posledních změn na této wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Poslední změny</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Port%C3%A1l_Wikipedie" title="O projektu, jak můžete pomoci, kde hledat"><span>Komunitní portál</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pod_l%C3%ADpou" title="Hlavní diskusní fórum"><span>Pod lípou</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Wikipedie: Otevřená encyklopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cs.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div 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class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Hledat na Wikipedii" aria-label="Hledat na Wikipedii" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciální:Hledání"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hledat</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobní nástroje"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Estetika" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Estetika" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pythagorejci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pythagorejci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pythagorejci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pythagorejci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Platón</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aristoteles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aristoteles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Aristoteles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aristoteles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Středověké_křesťanství" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Středověké_křesťanství"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Středověké křesťanství</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Středověké_křesťanství-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baumgarten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baumgarten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Baumgarten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baumgarten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Kant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderní_pojetí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderní_pojetí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Moderní pojetí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderní_pojetí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estetika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 116 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84sthetik" title="Ästhetik – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ästhetik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ሥነ ውበት – amharština" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ውበት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="فلسفة الجمال – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلسفة الجمال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9tica" title="Estética – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estética" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र – awadhština" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстетика – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эстетика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстэтыка – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эстэтыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстэтыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эстэтыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Естетика – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Естетика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="নন্দনতত্ত্ব – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নন্দনতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A8tica" title="Estètica – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estètica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%9A%E1%8F%92_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%8E%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%85" title="ᎤᏬᏚᏒ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ – čerokézština" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏬᏚᏒ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čerokézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="جوانیناسی – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جوانیناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estheteg" title="Estheteg – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Estheteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86stetik" title="Æstetik – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Æstetik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84sthetik" title="Ästhetik – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ästhetik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Αισθητική – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αισθητική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aesthetics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetiko" title="Estetiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Estetiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9tica" title="Estética – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esteetika" title="Esteetika – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esteetika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زیبایی‌شناسی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیبایی‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetiikka" title="Estetiikka – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Estetiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esteetiga" title="Esteetiga – võruština" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Esteetiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esthetics" title="Esthetics – fidžijština" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Esthetics" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esth%C3%A9tique" title="Esthétique – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Esthétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetyk" title="Estetyk – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Estetyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" title="美學 – čínština (dialekty Gan)" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="美學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Gan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9tik" title="Estétik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Estétik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9tica" title="Estética – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8C%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="સૌંદર્ય શાસ્ત્ર – gudžarátština" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સૌંદર્ય શાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics/Kayan_ado" title="Aesthetics/Kayan ado – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Aesthetics/Kayan ado" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics – havajština" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Aesthetics" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אסתטיקה – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסתטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetik" title="Estetik – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Estetik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszt%C3%A9tika" title="Esztétika – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Esztétika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Էսթետիկա – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսթետիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esthetica" title="Esthetica – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Esthetica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics – igboština" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Aesthetics" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстетика – inguština" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эстетика" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetiko" title="Estetiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Estetiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagurfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Fagurfræði – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fagurfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetica" title="Estetica – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estetica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="美学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetix" title="Estetix – jamajská kreolština" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Estetix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajská kreolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mleske" title="mleske – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mleske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88st%C3%A8tika" title="Èstètika – javánština" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èstètika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ესთეტიკა – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესთეტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C9%96eya_%C3%B1%C9%A9z%C9%A9m_(l%27esth%C3%A9tique)" title="Keɖeya ñɩzɩm (l'esthétique) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Keɖeya ñɩzɩm (l'esthétique)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстетика – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эстетика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಸೌಂದರ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – kannadština" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೌಂದರ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%99" title="미학 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estet%C3%AEk" title="Estetîk – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Estetîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстетика – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эстетика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetica" title="Aesthetica – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aesthetica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esthetik" title="Esthetik – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Esthetik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetica" title="Estetica – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Estetica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetica" title="Estetica – ligurština" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Estetica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetica" title="Estetica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Estetica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C4%93tika" title="Estētika – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Estētika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र – maithiliština" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithiliština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Эстетикась – mokšanština" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эстетикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Естетика – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Естетика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സൗന്ദര്യശാസ്ത്രം – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൗന്ദര്യശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सौंदर्यशास्त्र – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सौंदर्यशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र – nepálština" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सौन्दर्यशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="सौन्दर्य दर्शन – névárština" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सौन्दर्य दर्शन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="névárština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esthetica" title="Esthetica – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esthetica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetikk" title="Estetikk – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Estetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetikk" title="Estetikk – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Estetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetica" title="Estetica – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estetica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸੁਹਜ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਹਜ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetyka" title="Estetyka – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Estetyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9tica" title="Estética – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Estética" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جمالیات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جمالیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جمالیات – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جمالیات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9tica" title="Estética – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetic%C4%83" title="Estetică – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Estetică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстетика – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстетика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Естетика – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Естетика" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстетика – jakutština" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эстетика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A8tica" title="Estètica – sicilština" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Estètica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جماليات – sindhština" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جماليات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aesthetics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Естетика – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Естетика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetik" title="Estetik – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Estetik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அழகியல் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அழகியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Зебоишиносӣ – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зебоишиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สุนทรียศาสตร์ – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สุนทรียศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetik" title="Estetik – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Estetik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Естетика – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Естетика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جمالیات – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جمالیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Mỹ học – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mỹ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estetika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="עסטעטיק – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עסטעטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Bí-ha̍k – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" title="美學 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35986#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estetika" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Estetika&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estetika"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Estetika" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Estetika" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&oldid=22479604" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Estetika&id=22479604&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstetika"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstetika"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Estetika"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Estetika&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aesthetics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35986" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Aesthetica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aesthetica.png/220px-Aesthetica.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aesthetica.png/330px-Aesthetica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Aesthetica.png 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>Aesthetica</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Estetika</b> (z <a href="/wiki/%C5%98e%C4%8Dtina" title="Řečtina">řec</a>. <i>aisthetikos</i> - vnímavost, cit (pro krásu)) je <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofie">filosofická</a> disciplína zabývající se <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1sa" title="Krása">krásnem</a>, jeho působením na člověka, lidským vnímáním pocitů a dojmů z uměleckých i přírodních výtvorů.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estetické úvahy provázely filosofii již od jejích samotných počátků, jako samostatnou disciplínu však estetiku vymezil až roku <a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gottlieb_Baumgarten" title="Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten">A. G. Baumgarten</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Historie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pythagorejci">Pythagorejci</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Pythagorejci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pythagorejci"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pýthagorás</a> a jeho následovníci (viz <a href="/wiki/Pythagorejci" class="mw-redirect" title="Pythagorejci">pythagorejci</a>) spatřovali krásu v dokonalosti matematického řádu světa. Tento řád byl podle pythagorejců tvořen nezávisle existujícími <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99irozen%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Přirozené číslo">přirozenými čísly</a> (= počty) a jejich poměry (<a href="/wiki/Racion%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Racionální číslo">racionálními čísly</a>). V místech, kde se v reálném světě počty a poměry projevovaly s největší mírou dokonalosti, byla dle jejich názoru soustředěna nejvyšší krása. Tato pythagorejská teorie byla podpořena i řadou jejich výsledků „experimentálních“, jako bylo například zjištění, že vzdálenosti otvorů na <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9tna" title="Flétna">flétně</a>, jejichž postupným odkrýváním a zakrýváním lze zahrát základní stupnici (libozvučných a tedy krásných) tónů, vytváří mezi sebou poměry dané nízkými (do 10) přirozenými čísly. Za nejdokonalejší ze všech poměrů považovali pythagorejci takzvaný <a href="/wiki/Zlat%C3%BD_%C5%99ez" title="Zlatý řez">zlatý řez</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Platón"><span id="Plat.C3.B3n"></span>Platón</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Platón" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Platón"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podle <a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%B3n" title="Platón">Platóna</a> je krásno sepětím dobra, pravdy a krásy. Jeho systém pohledu na umění se nazývá „mimetický“ podle slova mimesis = nápodoba. V 10. knize Ústavy tuto teorii rozvíjí na příkladu existence tří druhů lavic. Jedna jako idea, jedna skutečná, tedy řemeslný výrobek a jedna namalovaná umělcem. Ta poslední má podle Platóna nejmenší hodnotu, je totiž jen odrazem skutečnosti a tedy nejdále od pravdy, ideje a nejvyššího dobra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Aristoteles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Aristoteles"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aristotel%C3%A9s" title="Aristotelés">Aristoteles</a> říká, že "působením umění vzniká všechno, čeho tvar je v duši." Tedy působením umění vytvoří umělec ze své představy věc, dá jí tvar. Aristotelův systém je také mimetický, ale nikoliv v negativním smyslu jako u Platóna. Záliba v napodobeninách je člověku přirozená stejně jako poznávání. Umění je také prostředkem k uvolnění citu. Teorie o umění, především básnickém, se nacházejí ve spisu "Poetika" a všeobecné poznatky o vzniku a příčinách věcí v "Metafyzice". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Středověké_křesťanství"><span id="St.C5.99edov.C4.9Bk.C3.A9_k.C5.99es.C5.A5anstv.C3.AD"></span>Středověké křesťanství</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Středověké křesťanství" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Středověké křesťanství"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V <a href="/wiki/K%C5%99es%C5%A5anstv%C3%AD" title="Křesťanství">křesťanské</a> filosofii (například u <a href="/wiki/Svat%C3%BD_Augustin" title="Svatý Augustin">Augustina</a>) je estetika zcela v područí <a href="/wiki/Teologie" title="Teologie">teologie</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%C5%AFh" title="Bůh">Bůh</a> je nejvyšší krása, a tedy veškerá krása ve světě pochází od Boha, nikoli od člověka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baumgarten">Baumgarten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Baumgarten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Baumgarten"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-1762) svým spisem Aesthetica (1750) vyhlásil estetiku za speciální oblast filosofie a dal jí tak zároveň jméno, do té doby nepoužívané. Byl přesvědčen, že vedle logiky rozumu je nutno prozkoumat ještě logiku obrazotvornosti. Obrazotvornost považoval za nižší, zmatený, ale přesto důležitý stupeň poznávacího procesu. Právě této oblasti se měl věnovat nově vyhlášený vědní obor - estetika. Podle Baumgartena má tedy studovat především výtvory krásných umění, které patří k nižšímu poznání, k nejasnému chápání, k zmatené obrazotvornosti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kant">Kant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Kant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Kant"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> se estetikou zabývá ve spise <i>Kritika soudnosti</i>. Přichází s <i>vkusovým soudem</i>, což je podle něj samostatná duševní potence, nikoliv součást rozumu, a je výrazně subjektivní. Vkusový soud je jedinečný a nelze jej zobecňovat. Kant je formalista, krása podle něj není v obsahu, jako například u Hegela, ale ve formě, z čehož vyplývá jeho averze vůči služebnosti umění, kterou s sebou důraz na obsahovost může přinášet. Kromě toho dělí umění na mechanická (řemesla apod.) a estetická (zde je smyslem pocit libosti). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderní_pojetí"><span id="Modern.C3.AD_pojet.C3.AD"></span>Moderní pojetí</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Moderní pojetí" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Moderní pojetí"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V moderní době (od konce <a href="/wiki/19._stolet%C3%AD" title="19. století">19. století</a>) se pojetí estetiky různí. Estetika je vnímána a vykládána pod vlivem <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologie" title="Fenomenologie">fenomenologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Existencialismus" title="Existencialismus">existencialismu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intuitivismus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intuitivismus (stránka neexistuje)">intuitivismu</a> a mnoha dalších směrů. Velký význam hraje estetika v <a href="/wiki/Postmodernismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodernismus">postmoderní</a> filosofii a umění. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Pojem estetika</i> [online]. slovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz [cit. 2016-09-12]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz/web.php/slovo/estetika">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Pojem+estetika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz%2Fweb.php%2Fslovo%2Festetika&rft.pub=slovnik-cizich-slov.abz.cz"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aesthetics" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Aesthetics">estetika</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/estetika" class="extiw" title="wikt:estetika">estetika</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="sisterproject-inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> Encyklopedické heslo <strong><a href="https://cs.wikisource.org/wiki/Ott%C5%AFv_slovn%C3%ADk_nau%C4%8Dn%C3%BD/Aesthetika" class="extiw" title="s:Ottův slovník naučný/Aesthetika">Aesthetika</a></strong> v <a href="/wiki/Ott%C5%AFv_slovn%C3%ADk_nau%C4%8Dn%C3%BD" title="Ottův slovník naučný">Ottově slovníku naučném</a> ve Wikizdrojích</span></li></ul> <table class="plainlinks metadata noprint pahyl" cellpadding="2" style="background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pahýl"><img alt="Pahýl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a><figcaption>Pahýl</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>Tento článek je příliš stručný nebo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pah%C3%BDl" title="Wikipedie:Pahýl">postrádá důležité informace</a>.<br />Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně <a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estetika&action=edit">rozšíříte</a>. Nevkládejte však <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo#Publikování_cizích_autorských_děl" title="Wikipedie:Autorské právo">bez oprávnění</a> cizí texty.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Humanitní a společenské vědy"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext">Humanitní a společenské vědy</span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Humanitn%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bdy" title="Humanitní vědy">Humanitní vědy</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie">Antropologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie">Archeologie</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estetika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Etnografie" title="Etnografie">Etnografie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Filologie" title="Filologie">Filologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Filozofie" title="Filozofie">Filozofie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Historiografie" title="Historiografie">Historiografie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lingvistika" title="Lingvistika">Lingvistika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liter%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bda" title="Literární věda">Literární věda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Religionistika" title="Religionistika">Religionistika</a></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Spole%C4%8Densk%C3%A9_v%C4%9Bdy" title="Společenské vědy">Společenské vědy</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <a href="/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny" title="Dějiny">Dějiny</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie">Geografie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socioekonomick%C3%A1_geografie" title="Socioekonomická geografie">Socioekonomická geografie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Regionalistika" title="Regionalistika">Regionalistika</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Politologie" title="Politologie">Politologie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_vztahy" title="Mezinárodní vztahy">Mezinárodní vztahy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politick%C3%A1_ekonomie" title="Politická ekonomie">Politická ekonomie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ve%C5%99ejn%C3%A1_spr%C3%A1va" title="Veřejná správa">Veřejná správa</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Psychologie" title="Psychologie">Psychologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1vn%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bda" title="Právní věda">Právní věda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sociologie" title="Sociologie">Sociologie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Demografie" title="Demografie">Demografie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kulturologie" title="Kulturologie">Kulturologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kriminologie" title="Kriminologie">Kriminologie</a>)</div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Multidisciplinární</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Teritori%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_studia" title="Teritoriální studia">Teritoriální studia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vzd%C4%9Bl%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Vzdělání">Vzdělání</a> • <a href="/wiki/Informa%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bda" title="Informační věda">Informační věda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerontologie" title="Gerontologie">Gerontologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Genderov%C3%A1_studia" title="Genderová studia">Genderová studia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a> • <a href="/wiki/Medi%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_studia" title="Mediální studia">Mediální studia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ve%C5%99ejn%C3%A9_zdrav%C3%AD" title="Veřejné zdraví">Veřejné zdraví</a></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em 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class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Estetika" title="Kategorie:Estetika">Estetika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Obrazov%C3%A9_kompozice" title="Kategorie:Obrazové kompozice">Obrazové kompozice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Kategorie:Umění">Umění</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pah%C3%BDly" title="Kategorie:Pahýly">Pahýly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NKC" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_PSH" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_BNE" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNE">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_BNF" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_GND" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_LCCN" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_LNB" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LNB">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LNB</a></li><li><a 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