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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">NASA satellite</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">MinXSS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MinXSS_Flight_Model_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/MinXSS_Flight_Model_1.jpg/260px-MinXSS_Flight_Model_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/MinXSS_Flight_Model_1.jpg/390px-MinXSS_Flight_Model_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/MinXSS_Flight_Model_1.jpg/520px-MinXSS_Flight_Model_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2419" data-file-height="3083" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The sun-facing side of the MinXSS spacecraft. The two hinged solar panels are in their deployed state. The science instrument apertures can be seen near the top. The tape-measure antenna extends beyond the top of the photo. Image taken after final integration of the spacecraft.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solar_physics" title="Solar physics">Solar physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_weather" title="Space weather">Space weather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Near space">Near space</a> research</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado at Boulder">CU</a>/<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Atmospheric_and_Space_Physics" title="Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics">LASP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-067HU">1998-067HU</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26155813#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">41474U</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/minxss">lasp<wbr />.colorado<wbr />.edu<wbr />/home<wbr />/minxss</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">Flight model 1: 6 months (planned), 11.66 months (actual)<br />Flight model 2: 5 years (planned)<br />8 years (elasped)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft type</th><td class="infobox-data">3U <a href="/wiki/CubeSat" title="CubeSat">CubeSat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado at Boulder">CU</a>/<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Atmospheric_and_Space_Physics" title="Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics">LASP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">3.5163 kg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">3.5163 kg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">Consumes: <br />8.0 W (science mode)<br /> 5.3 W (safe mode)<br /> 2.8 W (phoenix mode)<br />Max generation: 19 W</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">December 6, 2015, 08:44:57<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">2015-12-06UTC08:44:57Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> 401</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entered service</th><td class="infobox-data">2016 May 16</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last contact</th><td class="infobox-data">2017-05-06 02:37:26 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decay date</th><td class="infobox-data">2017 May 6</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">402 kilometers (250 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">402 kilometers (250 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">51.65 degrees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">92.69 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">July 4, 2016<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Modified <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amptek.com/products/x-123sdd-complete-x-ray-spectrometer-with-silicon-drift-detector-sdd/">Amptek X123 silicon drift detector</a><br /> Sun Position Sensor (SPS), X-ray Photometer (XP)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer</b> (<b>MinXSS</b>) <a href="/wiki/CubeSat" title="CubeSat">CubeSat</a> was the first launched <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> <a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a> CubeSat with a science mission.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designed, built, and operated primarily by students at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a> with professional mentorship and involvement from professors, scientists, and engineers in the Aerospace Engineering Sciences department and the <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Atmospheric_and_Space_Physics" title="Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics">Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Research_Institute" title="Southwest Research Institute">Southwest Research Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="National Center for Atmospheric Research">National Center for Atmospheric Research</a>'s <a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Observatory" title="High Altitude Observatory">High Altitude Observatory</a>. The mission principal investigator is Dr. Thomas N. Woods and co-investigators are Dr. Amir Caspi, Dr. Phil Chamberlin, Dr. Andrew Jones, Rick Kohnert, Professor Xinlin Li, Professor Scott Palo, and Dr. Stanley Solomon. The student lead (<a href="/wiki/Project_manager" title="Project manager">project manager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems engineer">systems engineer</a>) was Dr. James Paul Mason, who has since become a Co-I for the second flight model of MinXSS. </p><p>MinXSS launched on 2015 December 6 to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Orbital_ATK" title="Orbital ATK">Orbital ATK</a> <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_CRS_OA-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus CRS OA-4">Cygnus CRS OA-4</a> cargo resupply mission.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The launch vehicle was a <a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> rocket in the 401 configuration. CubeSat ridesharing was organized as part of NASA <a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program#CubeSats" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">ELaNa</a>-IX. Deployment from the International Space Station was achieved with a <a href="/wiki/NanoRacks_CubeSat_Deployer" class="mw-redirect" title="NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer">NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer</a> on 2016 May 16.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spacecraft beacons were picked up soon after by <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio_operators" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateur radio operators">amateur radio operators</a> around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commissioning of the spacecraft was completed on 2016 June 14<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and observations of solar flares captured nearly continuously since then.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The altitude rapidly decayed in the last week of the mission as atmospheric drag increased exponentially with altitude. The last contact from MinXSS came on 2017-05-06 at 02:37:26 UTC from a HAM operator in Australia. At that time, some temperatures on the spacecraft were already in excess of 100 °C. (One temperature of >300 °C indicated that the solar panel had disconnected, suggesting this contact was only moments before disintegration.)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Science data spanning the entire mission are publicly available.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_objective">Mission objective</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission objective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MinXSS mission is to measure the solar soft <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> spectrum from about 0.5 <a href="/wiki/KeV" class="mw-redirect" title="KeV">keV</a> (25 <a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a>) to 30 keV (0.4 <a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a>) with ~0.15 keV <a href="/wiki/FWHM" class="mw-redirect" title="FWHM">FWHM</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectral_resolution" title="Spectral resolution">spectral resolution</a>. This part of the solar <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">electromagnetic spectrum</a> is where the largest enhancement from <a href="/wiki/Solar_flares" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar flares">solar flares</a> is expected to occur.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodgers2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodgers2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also has an important impact on Earth <a href="/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">ionospheric</a> chemistry. Despite this, prior measurements have been either low-resolution broadband, or high-resolution but very narrow bandpass (see image below).<sup id="cite_ref-Caspi2015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caspi2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mason2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relatively recent creation of miniaturized <a href="/wiki/Silicon_drift_detectors" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon drift detectors">silicon drift detectors</a> has enabled the MinXSS measurements. MinXSS data will provide a means of probing the <a href="/wiki/Solar_corona" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar corona">solar corona</a>—especially in <a href="/wiki/Active_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Active regions">active regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_flares" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar flares">solar flares</a>—and will be used as an input for models of the Earth's upper atmosphere, particularly the ionosphere, <a href="/wiki/Thermosphere" title="Thermosphere">thermosphere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mesosphere" title="Mesosphere">mesosphere</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_Soft_X-ray_Measurement_History.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Solar_Soft_X-ray_Measurement_History.png/550px-Solar_Soft_X-ray_Measurement_History.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Solar_Soft_X-ray_Measurement_History.png/825px-Solar_Soft_X-ray_Measurement_History.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Solar_Soft_X-ray_Measurement_History.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Solar soft X-ray measurement history</figcaption></figure> <p>MinXSS is also the first flight of the Blue Canyon Technologies XACT <a href="/wiki/Attitude_determination_and_control_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Attitude determination and control system">attitude determination and control system</a> (ADCS), one of the only commercially available 3-axis ADCSs for CubeSats. It is performing even better than its specification.<sup id="cite_ref-SatNews_BCT_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SatNews_BCT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This demonstrates that a critical technology for spacecraft has been successfully miniaturized and commercialized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_instrument">Science instrument</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Science instrument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary science instrument onboard MinXSS is a modified Amptek X123 silicon drift detector. The instrument was modified to make it compatible with a space environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason2016_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, heat transfer pads were placed on the hottest components of the electronics boards to provide a conductive thermal path for heat transfer. In atmosphere, the electronics can cool convectively, but operation in vacuum requires cooling via conduction and hence an improved conductive path. Additionally, a small aperture made of <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> was attached to the front of the detector to reduce the likelihood of photon saturation and limit the field of view to ±4º. Finally, an additional <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> filter was mounted in front of the detector to reduce the number of <a href="/wiki/Photoelectrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoelectrons">photoelectrons</a> reaching the detector. </p><p>There are two secondary science instruments: the X-ray Photometer (XP) and the Sun Position Sensor (SPS). XP is a single <a href="/wiki/Photodiode" title="Photodiode">photodiode</a> with a beryllium filter in front of it of nearly identical thickness to the sum of the two beryllium filters in front of the X123. The purpose of XP is provide an on-orbit cross-calibration for the X123: the sum of the X123 spectrum should be approximately equal to the XP measurement. SPS is a fine <a href="/wiki/Sun_sensor" title="Sun sensor">Sun sensor</a> with 2.4 <a href="/wiki/Arcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcsecond">arcsec</a> precision that consists of a planar quad-diode observing visible light, whose purpose is to provide fine knowledge of the solar position with respect to the X123 and XP optical axes to correct for any off-axis signal attenuation. </p><p>All instruments were calibrated at the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=SURF_III_Synchrotron_Ultraviolet_Radiation_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SURF III Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (page does not exist)">Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF III)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caspi2015_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caspi2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moore2016_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore2016-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-flight_testing">Pre-flight testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-flight testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the loose requirements placed on CubeSats compared to larger spacecraft missions, MinXSS underwent the same rigorous tests that are considered standard in the aerospace industry. The X123 primary science instrument was fully flight-qualified on two <a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">sounding rocket</a> flights.<sup id="cite_ref-Caspi2015_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caspi2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to subsystem-level and system-level testing at the bench (i.e. in air at room temperature), the system also underwent <a href="/wiki/Thermal_vacuum_chamber" title="Thermal vacuum chamber">thermal vacuum chamber</a> cycle testing, thermal balance testing, vibration testing, and end-to-end communications testing.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason2016_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mission simulations were performed during thermal vacuum cycling and at the bench using a solar array simulator that was autonomously power toggled with realistic orbital insolation and eclipse periods. This ensured that the spacecraft would be power-positive on orbit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communications">Communications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Communications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The spacecraft uses a measuring tape antenna and an AstroDev Li-1 radio. The spacecraft periodically beacons and its signal can be picked up with amateur <a href="/wiki/Ham_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham radio">ham radio</a> operator equipment. Below are the communications specifications:<sup id="cite_ref-MinXSS_Ham_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MinXSS_Ham-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Frequency: 437.345 <a href="/wiki/MHz" class="mw-redirect" title="MHz">MHz</a></li> <li>Data rate: 9600 <a href="/wiki/Baud" title="Baud">baud</a></li> <li>Modulation: <a href="/wiki/GMSK" class="mw-redirect" title="GMSK">GMSK</a></li> <li>Beacon cadence: (as of 2016/07/04) 54 seconds</li></ul> <p>Beacons recorded by ham radio operators can be sent to the MinXSS team (in <a href="/wiki/KISS_(TNC)" class="mw-redirect" title="KISS (TNC)">KISS</a> format) to contribute to overall data capture.<sup id="cite_ref-MinXSS_Ham_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MinXSS_Ham-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On-Orbit_success">On-Orbit success</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: On-Orbit success"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first critical hurdle for any deployed spacecraft is to establish communications with the ground. This was achieved on the first pass over the MinXSS ground station in <a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder, Colorado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a science mission, success is determined by receipt of useful scientific measurements. MinXSS first light was presented at a press briefing and a contributed poster during the <a href="/wiki/American_Astronomical_Society" title="American Astronomical Society">American Astronomical Society</a>'s 47th <a href="/wiki/Solar_Physics_Division" title="Solar Physics Division">Solar Physics Division</a> Meeting in Boulder, Colorado.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 40 <a href="/wiki/Solar_flare#Classification" title="Solar flare">GOES C-class</a> and 7 <a href="/wiki/Solar_flare#Classification" title="Solar flare">M-class</a> solar flares occurred in the first weeks of the MinXSS mission, and those observations were downlinked to the ground for analysis. The results of those analyses will be the subjects of several upcoming peer-review papers. Additionally, MinXSS was the first flight of the Blue Canyon Technologies XACT 3-axis attitude determination and control system (ADCS). It continuously performed exceptionally, with 8 <a href="/wiki/Arcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcsecond">arcsecond</a> (1-sigma) pointing, where the specification was for 11 arcseconds.<sup id="cite_ref-SatNews_BCT_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SatNews_BCT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Follow-on_mission_(MinXSS-2)"><span id="Follow-on_mission_.28MinXSS-2.29"></span>Follow-on mission (MinXSS-2)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Follow-on mission (MinXSS-2)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A second MinXSS spacecraft was built in parallel with the first. MinXSS-2 is identical to MinXSS-1 except for: </p> <ul><li>(1) an upgraded version of the X-ray spectrometer, the Amptek X123-FastSDD, vs. the X123-SDD on MinXSS-1;</li> <li>(2) an upgraded version of the BCT XACT, using the current on-market hardware vs. the pre-release version used on MinXSS-1;</li> <li>(3) addition of a circuit for in-flight "hard reset" power cycle;</li> <li>(4) use of the AstroDev Lithium-2 radio vs. the Li-1 used on MinXSS-1; and</li> <li>(5) minor software updates.</li></ul> <p>MinXSS-2 is planned to deploy from the <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight_Industries" title="Spaceflight Industries">Spaceflight Industries</a> SSO-A SmallSat Express mission,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using a <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Launch happened on 3 December 2018, and MinXSS2 was deployed to orbit. The MinXSS-2 orbit is <a href="/wiki/Polar_orbit" title="Polar orbit">polar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">Sun-synchronous</a> at 10:30am <a href="/w/index.php?title=LTDN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LTDN (page does not exist)">LTDN</a>, at approximately 575 km altitude, providing an estimated 4-year mission life. </p><p>MinXSS-2 was selected for 2 years of funding by NASA under the 2016 Heliophysics Technology and Instrument Development for Science (H-TIDeS) program.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MinXSS-2 also adds science involvement from the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a>, with Dr. Harry Warren added as a co-investigator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MinXSS was chosen as the 2016 <a href="/wiki/AIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="AIAA">AIAA</a> Small Satellite Mission of the Year during the 30th Annual AIAA/USU <a href="/wiki/Small_Satellite_Conference" title="Small Satellite Conference">Small Satellite Conference</a> in <a href="/wiki/Logan,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Logan, UT">Logan, UT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_architecture">Project architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Project architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MinXSS project was structured after the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Student_Space_Weather_Experiment" title="Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment">Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment</a> <a href="/wiki/CubeSat" title="CubeSat">CubeSat</a>, which established the graduate projects course led by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Tanner" title="Joseph R. Tanner">Joseph R. Tanner</a> in the Aerospace Engineering Sciences department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a>. Students in the department have the choice to either complete a Master's thesis or take two semesters of the graduate projects course. Typically, 10-20 students will be involved in each of the concurrent projects. CSSWE and MinXSS heavily leveraged professionals at the <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Atmospheric_and_Space_Physics" title="Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics">Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics</a>. As of 2018 March 8, 40 graduate, 5 undergraduate, and two high school students have worked on the project. Roughly 40 professionals have contributed with varying levels of involvement, from providing feedback at design reviews to writing flight software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celestrak.com/NORAD/elements/cubesat.txt">Celestrak NORAD CubeSat TLEs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201025032427/https://sites.nationalacademies.org/ssb/CurrentProjects/SSB_160539">"Achieving Science with CubeSats: Thinking Inside the Box"</a>. <i>NationalAcademies.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=MinXSS-2+has+been+selected+by+NASA+for+funding%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fminxsscubesat%2Fstatus%2F807638748779442178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+X-ray+Solar+Spectrometer+CubeSat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/minxsscubesat/status/763763672816553985">"MinXSS is the @SmallSat mission of the year!Thanks all who voted and made such an exciting and successful mission"</a>. <i>Twitter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=MinXSS+is+the+%40SmallSat+mission+of+the+year%21Thanks+all+who+voted+and+made+such+an+exciting+and+successful+mission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fminxsscubesat%2Fstatus%2F763763672816553985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+X-ray+Solar+Spectrometer+CubeSat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colorado.edu/aerospace/2016/08/16/minxss-wins-mission-year-small-sat-conference">"MinXSS wins Mission of the Year at Small Sat Conference"</a>. <i>CU Aerospace Engineering Sciences</i>. 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CU+Aerospace+Engineering+Sciences&rft.atitle=MinXSS+wins+Mission+of+the+Year+at+Small+Sat+Conference&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.edu%2Faerospace%2F2016%2F08%2F16%2Fminxss-wins-mission-year-small-sat-conference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+X-ray+Solar+Spectrometer+CubeSat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a> - <a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_telescopes" title="List of solar telescopes">List of solar telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE (Xihe)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">Solar and Heliospheric Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)"><i>Wind</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Telescope_Mount" title="Apollo Telescope Mount">Apollo Telescope Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme#CORONAS-I" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme#CORONAS-F" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koronas-Foton" title="Koronas-Foton">CORONAS-Photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" title="European Retrievable Carrier">EURECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESRO_2B" title="ESRO 2B">ESRO 2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)"><i>Genesis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_13" title="GOES 13">GOES 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios_(spacecraft)" title="Helios (spacecraft)"><i>Helios</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_50" title="Explorer 50">IMP-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-1" title="ISEE-1">ISEE-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-2" title="ISEE-2">ISEE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE / ISEE-3</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MinXSS1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MinXSS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSO_1" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 1">OSO 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_2" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 2">OSO 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/OSO_B" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO B">OSO B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_3" title="OSO 3">OSO 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_4" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 4">OSO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_5" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 5">OSO 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_6" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 6">OSO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_7" title="OSO 7">OSO 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_8" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 8">OSO 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picard_(satellite)" title="Picard (satellite)">PICARD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_5" title="Pioneer 5">Pioneer 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_6,_7,_8,_and_9" title="Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9">Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-2" title="PROBA-2">PROBA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prognoz (satellite)">Prognoz programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Maximum_Mission" title="Solar Maximum Mission">SolarMax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-87#SPARTAN-201" title="STS-87">Spartan 201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)"><i>Ulysses</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh (Solar-A)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrojet_Zeeman_Imaging_Explorer" title="Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer">Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Follow_On-Lagrange_1" title="Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1">SWFO-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR-C" title="SOLAR-C">SOLAR-C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HelioSwarm" title="HelioSwarm">HelioSwarm</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Vigil" title="ESA Vigil"><i>Vigil</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2031)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAHELI" title="ADAHELI">ADAHELI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-Enabling_Technologies_for_Heliophysics" title="Science-Enabling Technologies for Heliophysics">SETH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundiver_(space_mission)" title="Sundiver (space mission)">Sundiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Solar_Space_Telescope" title="Galileo Solar Space Telescope">GSST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOSO" class="mw-redirect" title="AOSO">AOSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_H" title="Pioneer H">Pioneer H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Cruiser" title="Solar Cruiser">Solar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Sentinels" title="Solar Sentinels">Solar Sentinels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer E">Pioneer E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_C" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO C">OSO C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sun-Earth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment">SORCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_X-ray_Imager" title="Solar X-ray Imager">SXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACRIMSAT" title="ACRIMSAT">ACRIMSAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Missions_to_the_Sun" title="Category:Missions to the Sun">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_telescopes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_observatories" title="Template:Space observatories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_observatories" title="Template talk:Space observatories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_observatories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space observatories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_telescopes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Space telescopes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">Radio and Microwave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Science_payloads" title="Chang'e 4">NCLE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1994)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infrared_telescope" title="Infrared telescope">Infrared</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_telescope" title="Optical telescope">Optical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stars-AO" title="Stars-AO">Aoi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a> constellation <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#Mission_extension" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiRISE" title="HiRISE">HiRISE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1990)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">Ultraviolet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibari_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibari (satellite)">Hibari</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_astronomy" title="Gamma-ray astronomy">Gamma-ray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra (AXAF)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT (Insight)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IXPE" title="IXPE">IXPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Valier_(satellite)" title="Max Valier (satellite)">Max Valier Sat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAXI (ISS Experiment)">MAXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2009)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MinXSS-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">LEIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPoSat" title="XPoSat">XPoSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (particle<br />or unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass_Experiment#ISS-CREAM" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment">ISS-CREAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">Mini-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PETREL" title="PETREL">PETREL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">K-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager">COSI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26#Scientific_payload" title="Luna 26">LORD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASMINE_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="JASMINE (satellite)">JASMINE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-C_EUVST" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-C EUVST">Solar-C EUVST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2029)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVEX" title="UVEX">UVEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030+)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2032)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiji_Program_in_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiji Program in Space">Taiji</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2033)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2035)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2035)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed space observatories">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astro-1_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astro-1 Telescope (page does not exist)">Astro-1 Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstroSat-2" title="AstroSat-2">AstroSat-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnel_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresnel Imager">Fresnel Imager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_(spacecraft)" title="FOCAL (spacecraft)">FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Solar_Space_Telescope" title="Galileo Solar Space Telescope">GSST-PMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Exoplanets_Observatory" title="Habitable Exoplanets Observatory">HabEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory">HWO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertelescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertelescope">Hypertelescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory" title="International Lunar Observatory">ILO-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_experiment)#iWF-MAXI" title="MAXI (ISS experiment)">iWF-MAXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">JEM-EUSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Ultraviolet_Cosmic_Imager" title="Lunar Ultraviolet Cosmic Imager">LUCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Ultraviolet_Optical_Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor">LUVOIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_X-ray_Observatory" title="Lynx X-ray Observatory">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">Nano-JASMINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds_Mission" title="New Worlds Mission">New Worlds Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_National_Reconnaissance_Office_space_telescope_donation_to_NASA" title="2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA">NRO donation to NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Binary_Black_Hole_Investigation_Satellite" title="Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite">ORBIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Space_Telescope" title="Origins Space Telescope">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXSI_Sounding_Rocket" title="FOXSI Sounding Rocket">PhoENiX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar-D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar-D (page does not exist)">Solar-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">Space Solar Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope_for_Habitable_Exoplanets_and_Interstellar/Intergalactic_Astronomy" title="Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy">THEIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGILE_(satellite)" title="AGILE (satellite)">AGILE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari (Astro-F)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Array_of_Low_Energy_X-ray_Imaging_Sensors" title="Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors">ALEXIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1962–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_1" title="Ariel 1">Ariel 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1962, 1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_2" title="Ariel 2">Ariel 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_3" title="Ariel 3">Ariel 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1967–1969)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_4" title="Ariel 4">Ariel 4</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_5" title="Ariel 5">Ariel 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel 6">Ariel 6</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTERIA_(spacecraft)" title="ASTERIA (spacecraft)">ASTERIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Telescope_Mount" title="Apollo Telescope Mount">ATM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973–1974)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA (Astro-D)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">Astro-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Band_X-ray_Telescope" title="Broad Band X-ray Telescope">BBXRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">Astro-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a>) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Netherlands_Satellite" title="Astronomical Netherlands Satellite">ANS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974–1976)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–2003)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton (CGRO)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cos-B" title="Cos-B">Cos-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXBN-2" title="CXBN-2">CXBN-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-54#Mission_highlights" title="STS-54">DXS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI#EPOCh" title="EPOXI">EPOCh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_11" title="Explorer 11">Explorer 11</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1986)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer">EUVE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Ultraviolet_Spectroscopic_Explorer" title="Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer">FUSE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–2007)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1">Kvant-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1992)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga (Astro-C)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho (CORSA-b)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA (MUSES-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Astronomy_Observatory_1" title="High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1">HEAO-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977–1979)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1981–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki (SPRINT-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Observatory" title="Einstein Observatory">HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Astronomy_Observatory_3" title="High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3">HEAO-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory" title="International Lunar Observatory">ILO-X</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS">IRAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit#Experimentation_data" title="Space Flyer Unit">IRTS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Remote_Sensing_Programme" title="Indian Remote Sensing Programme">IXAE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEGRI" title="LEGRI">LEGRI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MinXSS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcourse_Space_Experiment" title="Midcourse Space Experiment">MSX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhailo_Lomonosov_(satellite)" title="Mikhailo Lomonosov (satellite)">Mikhailo Lomonosov</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–2019?)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory_2" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2">OAO-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1968–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-3_(Copernicus)" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-3 (Copernicus)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSO_1" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 1">OSO 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_3" title="OSO 3">OSO 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_4" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 4">OSO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_5" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 5">OSO 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_6" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 6">OSO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_7" title="OSO 7">OSO 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_8" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 8">OSO 8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAMELA_detector" title="PAMELA detector">PAMELA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2016)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PicSat" title="PicSat">PicSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELIKT-1" title="RELIKT-1">RELIKT-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1984)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">R/HESSI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">RXTE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">SAMPEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2">SAS-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 3">SAS-C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1979)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku (Astro-EII)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma (Astro-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_3" title="Vanguard 3">Vanguard 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001–2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yokoh (Solar-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–2001)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hibernating <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Mission completed)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Wave_Astronomy_Satellite" title="Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite">SWAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost/Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-1" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-B" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1976)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXBN" title="CXBN">CXBN</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2012–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABRIXAS" title="ABRIXAS">ABRIXAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">WIRE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)#ASTRO-E" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Astro-E</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSUBAME_(satellite)" title="TSUBAME (satellite)">Tsubame</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi (Astro-H)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOSO" class="mw-redirect" title="AOSO">AOSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation-X_Observatory" title="Constellation-X Observatory">Constellation-X</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Energy_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Energy Space Telescope">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-sky_Astrometric_Mapping_Explorer" title="Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer">FAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism">GEMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Origins_Probe" title="Hubble Origins Probe">HOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_X-ray_Observatory" title="International X-ray Observatory">IXO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Dark_Energy_Mission" title="Joint Dark Energy Mission">JDEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOFT" title="LOFT">LOFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_J" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO J">OSO J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_K" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO K">OSO K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Space_Telescope" title="Sentinel Space Telescope">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">SIM & SIMlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova/Acceleration_Probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernova/Acceleration Probe">SNAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Polarization_Observatory" title="Sky Polarization Observatory">SPOrt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAUVEX" title="TAUVEX">TAUVEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">TPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XEUS" title="XEUS">XEUS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XIPE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIPE (page does not exist)">XIPE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_telescopes" title="List of proposed space telescopes">List of proposed space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_telescope" title="X-ray telescope">X-ray telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetariums" title="List of planetariums">List of planetariums</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(film)" title="Hubble (film)">Hubble</a></i> (2010 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unknown:_Cosmic_Time_Machine" title="Unknown: Cosmic Time Machine">Unknown: Cosmic Time Machine</a></i> (2023 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_telescopes" title="Category:Space telescopes">Category:Space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2014Orbital_launches_in_20152016_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2015" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2015"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2015" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2015"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2015" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2015"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2014Orbital_launches_in_20152016_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2014_in_spaceflight" title="2014 in spaceflight">← 2014</a></div><a href="/wiki/2015_in_spaceflight" title="2015 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2015</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2016_in_spaceflight" title="2016 in spaceflight">2016 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-5" title="SpaceX CRS-5">SpaceX CRS-5</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Flock-1" title="Flock-1">Flock-1d</a>' × 2, <a href="/wiki/AESP-14" title="AESP-14">AESP-14</a></small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_User_Objective_System" title="Mobile User Objective System">MUOS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Moisture_Active_Passive" title="Soil Moisture Active Passive">SMAP</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/ExoCube_(CP-10)" title="ExoCube (CP-10)">ExoCube</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-Radar_Spare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-Radar Spare (page does not exist)">IGS-Radar Spare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat#Satellites" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat 5-F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajr_(satellite)" title="Fajr (satellite)">Fajr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-26M" title="Progress M-26M">Progress M-26M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2503&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2503 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2503</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bars-M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bars-M (page does not exist)">Bars-M</a> No. 1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABS-3A" title="ABS-3A">ABS-3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_115_West_B" title="Eutelsat 115 West B">Eutelsat 115 West B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WADIS-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WADIS-2 (page does not exist)">WADIS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AM7">Ekspress AM7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-260" title="USA-260">USA-260</a> / <a href="/wiki/GPS_IIF" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS IIF">GPS IIF</a><a href="/wiki/List_of_GPS_satellites" title="List of GPS satellites">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KOMPSat-3A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KOMPSat-3A (page does not exist)">KOMPSat-3A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-Optical_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-Optical 5 (page does not exist)">IGS-Optical 5</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-16M" title="Soyuz TMA-16M">Soyuz TMA-16M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galileo_satellites" title="List of Galileo satellites">FOC-3, FOC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRNSS-1D" title="IRNSS-1D">IRNSS-1D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">I1-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonets-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets-M">Gonets-M</a> 11, 12, 13, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2504&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2504 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2504</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-6" title="SpaceX CRS-6">SpaceX CRS-6</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Arkyd-3R" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkyd-3R">Arkyd-3R</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flock_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flock (satellite)">Flock-1e</a> × 14</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(satellite)" title="Thor (satellite)">Thor 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_(satellite)" title="Syracuse (satellite)">SICRAL-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmen%C3%84lem_52%C2%B0E_/_MonacoSAT" title="TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT">TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-27M" title="Progress M-27M">Progress M-27M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Satellite_System" title="Mexican Satellite System">Mexsat-1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-261" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-261">USA-261</a> / <a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">X-37 OTV-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/LightSail" title="LightSail">LightSail-1</a>, <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Langley_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USS Langley (satellite) (page does not exist)">USS Langley</a>, <a href="/wiki/BRICSat-P" title="BRICSat-P">BRICSat-P</a>, <a href="/wiki/ParkinsonSat" class="mw-redirect" title="ParkinsonSat">ParkinsonSat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GEARRS-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GEARRS-2 (page does not exist)">GEARRS-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AeroCube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AeroCube (page does not exist)">AeroCube</a> 8A, 8B, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OptiCube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OptiCube (page does not exist)">OptiCube</a> 1, 2, 3</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV_satellite_fleet" title="DirecTV satellite fleet">DirecTV-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/SKY_M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="SKY México">SKY México</a>-1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2505</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yantar-4K2M" title="Yantar-4K2M">Kobalt-M №10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2A" title="Sentinel-2A">Sentinel-2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2506</a> / <a href="/wiki/Persona_(satellite)" title="Persona (satellite)">Persona №3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-7" title="SpaceX CRS-7">SpaceX CRS-7</a>† (<small><a href="/wiki/Flock-1" title="Flock-1">Flock-1f</a> × 8†</small>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-28M" title="Progress M-28M">Progress M-28M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK-DMC_3" title="UK-DMC 3">UK-DMC 3</a> × 3, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CBNT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CBNT-1 (page does not exist)">CBNT-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DeOrbitSail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DeOrbitSail (page does not exist)">DeOrbitSail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-262" title="USA-262">USA-262</a> / <a href="/wiki/GPS_IIF" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS IIF">GPS IIF</a><a href="/wiki/List_of_GPS_satellites" title="List of GPS satellites">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_One_C4" title="Star One C4">Star One C4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meteosat#Second_Generation" title="Meteosat">MSG-4</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-17M" title="Soyuz TMA-17M">Soyuz TMA-17M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-263" title="USA-263">USA-263</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wideband_Global_SATCOM" title="Wideband Global SATCOM">WGS-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M1-S, M2-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kounotori_5" title="Kounotori 5">HTV-5 / Kounotori 5</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flock_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flock (satellite)">Flock-2b</a> × 14</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_8_West_B" title="Eutelsat 8 West B">Eutelsat 8 West B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelsat_34" title="Intelsat 34">Intelsat 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSAT-4E" title="INSAT-4E">GSAT-6 / INSAT-4E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat#Satellites" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat 5-F3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-18M" title="Soyuz TMA-18M">Soyuz TMA-18M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_User_Objective_System" title="Mobile User Objective System">MUOS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galileo_satellites" title="List of Galileo satellites">FOC-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galileo_satellites" title="List of Galileo satellites">FOC-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxin_Jishu_Shiyan" title="Tongxin Jishu Shiyan">TJS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM8" title="Ekspress AM8">Ekspress AM8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2507</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 13</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2508</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2509</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujiang-1" title="Pujiang-1">Pujiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Space#LAPAN-A2" title="National Institute of Aeronautics and Space">LAPAN-A2</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> × 4</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">I2-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Muster" title="Sky Muster">NBN-Co 1A</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARSAT-2" title="ARSAT-2">ARSAT-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-29M" title="Progress M-29M">Progress M-29M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Satellite_System" title="Mexican Satellite System">Mexsat-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin-1#Other_satellites" title="Jilin-1">Jilin-1 Smart Verification Satellite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin-1#Other_satellites" title="Jilin-1">Jilin-1 Optical-A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin-1#Video_satellites" title="Jilin-1">Jilin-1 Video-01</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin-1#Video_satellites" title="Jilin-1">Jilin-1 Video-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" title="List of USA satellites">USA-264</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naval_Ocean_Surveillance_System" title="Naval Ocean Surveillance System">NOSS Intruder</a> × 2, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/AMSAT" title="AMSAT">AMSAT Fox-1</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APT_Satellite_Holdings#List_of_satellites" title="APT Satellite Holdings">APStar-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrksat_4B" title="Türksat 4B">Türksat 4B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-265" title="USA-265">USA-265</a> / <a href="/wiki/GPS_IIF" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS IIF">GPS IIF</a><a href="/wiki/List_of_GPS_satellites" title="List of GPS satellites">-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinasat_2C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinasat 2C (page does not exist)">Chinasat 2C</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=HiakaSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HiakaSat (page does not exist)">HiakaSat</a></i>, <small><i><a href="/wiki/Edison_Demonstration_of_Smallsat_Networks" title="Edison Demonstration of Smallsat Networks">EDSN</a> × 8, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PrintSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PrintSat (page does not exist)">PrintSat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argus_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argus (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">Argus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=STACEM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STACEM (page does not exist)">STACEM</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova-Beta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova-Beta (page does not exist)">Supernova-Beta</a></i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 28</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabsat_6B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabsat 6B (page does not exist)">Arabsat 6B</a>, <a href="/wiki/GSAT-15" title="GSAT-15">GSAT-15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2510&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2510 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2510</a> / <a href="/wiki/EKS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="EKS (satellite)">EKS-1</a> / Tundra-11L</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LaoSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LaoSat-1 (page does not exist)">LaoSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_12V" title="Telstar 12V">Telstar 12V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 29</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2511</a> / Kanopus-ST†, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2512</a> / KYuA-1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_CRS_OA-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus CRS OA-4">Cygnus CRS OA-4</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flock_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flock (satellite)">Flock-2e</a> × 12</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MinXSS 1</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Edison_Demonstration_of_Smallsat_Networks" title="Edison Demonstration of Smallsat Networks">Nodes</a> × 2</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat" class="mw-redirect" title="ChinaSat">ChinaSat 1C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektro-L_No.2" title="Elektro-L No.2">Elektro-L No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2513</a> / Garpun-12L</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-19M" title="Soyuz TMA-19M">Soyuz TMA-19M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeLEOS-1" title="TeLEOS-1">TeLEOS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galileo_satellites" title="List of Galileo satellites">FOC-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galileo_satellites" title="List of Galileo satellites">FOC-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_MS-01" title="Progress MS-01">Progress MS-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbcomm_(satellite)#Orbcomm-OG2" title="Orbcomm (satellite)">Orbcomm-OG2</a> × 11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress-AMU1" title="Ekspress-AMU1">Ekspress-AMU1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2017Orbital_launches_in_20182019_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2018" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2018"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2018" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2018"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2018" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2018"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2017Orbital_launches_in_20182019_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2017_in_spaceflight" title="2017 in spaceflight">← 2017</a></div><a href="/wiki/2018_in_spaceflight" title="2018 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2018</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_spaceflight" title="2019 in spaceflight">2019 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zuma_(satellite)" title="Zuma (satellite)">USA-280 / Zuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-3</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M7</a>, <a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-3</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartosat-2F" title="Cartosat-2F">Cartosat-2F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceye" class="mw-redirect" title="Iceye">ICEYE-X1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsat_(ISRO)" title="Microsat (ISRO)">Microsat-TD</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Resources#Arkyd-6_Flight_test_system" title="Planetary Resources">Arkyd-6A</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Fusion_Centre#Carbonite-2" title="Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre">Carbonite-2</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Planet_Labs#Flock" title="Planet Labs">Flock-3p'</a> × 4</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fox-1D" title="Fox-1D">Fox-1D</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Landmapper" title="Landmapper">Landmapper BC 3 v2</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> × 4</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/PicSat" title="PicSat">PicSat</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/SpaceBEE" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceBEE">SpaceBEE</a> × 4</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" title="List of USA satellites">USA-281</a> / <a href="/wiki/Future_Imagery_Architecture" title="Future Imagery Architecture">Topaz-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin-1#Video_satellites" title="Jilin-1">Jilin-1 Video-07</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin-1#Video_satellites" title="Jilin-1">Jilin-1 Video-08</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kepler_Communications#Satellites_launched" title="Kepler Communications">Kepler 0 KIPP</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-282" title="USA-282">USA-282</a> / <a href="/wiki/SBIRS" class="mw-redirect" title="SBIRS">SBIRS-GEO-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_Star" title="Humanity Star">Humanity Star</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Planet_Labs#Flock" title="Planet Labs">Dove Pioneer</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> × 2</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 30-04</a> (3 satellites)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SES-14" title="SES-14">SES-14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Yah_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Yah 3">Al Yah 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SES-16" title="SES-16">GovSat-1 / SES-16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanopus-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanopus-V (page does not exist)">Kanopus-V</a> No. 3, No. 4, <a href="/wiki/S-Net" title="S-Net">S-Net</a> × 4 , <a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> × 4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSES_Mission" title="CSES Mission">CSES</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%91uSat" title="ÑuSat">ÑuSat</a> 4, 5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRICOM-1R" title="TRICOM-1R">TRICOM-1R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy_test_flight" title="Falcon Heavy test flight">Falcon Heavy test flight</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Tesla Roadster</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M3, M4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_MS-08" title="Progress MS-08">Progress MS-08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paz_(satellite)" title="Paz (satellite)">Paz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tintin_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tintin (satellite)">Tintin A & B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Gathering_Satellite" title="Information Gathering Satellite">IGS</a>-Optical 6</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GOES-17" title="GOES-17">GOES-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_30W-6" title="Hispasat 30W-6">Hispasat 30W-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O3b_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="O3b (satellite)">O3b</a> × 4 (FM13 to FM16)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-08" title="Soyuz MS-08">Soyuz MS-08</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-6A" title="GSAT-6A">GSAT-6A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EMKA_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMKA (satellite) (page does not exist)">EMKA</a> / Kosmos 2525</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M9, M10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_NEXT" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium NEXT">Iridium NEXT</a> 41–50</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen-1-02, 03, 04</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-14" title="SpaceX CRS-14">Dragon CRS-14</a>, <a href="/wiki/1KUNS-PF" title="1KUNS-PF">1KUNS-PF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraz%C3%BA_(satellite)" title="Irazú (satellite)">Irazú</a>, <a href="/wiki/UBAKUSAT" title="UBAKUSAT">UBAKUSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-B3" title="Superbird-B3">Superbird-B3</a>, <a href="/wiki/HYLAS-4" title="HYLAS-4">HYLAS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan</a> 31A, 31B, 31C, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weina (page does not exist)">Weina</a> 1B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRNSS-1I" title="IRNSS-1I">IRNSS-1I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AFSPC-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AFSPC-11 (page does not exist)">AFSPC-11</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=EAGLE_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EAGLE (satellite) (page does not exist)">EAGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagovest_(satellite)" title="Blagovest (satellite)">Blagovest</a>-12L / Kosmos 2526</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3B" title="Sentinel-3B">Sentinel-3B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuhai-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuhai-1 (page does not exist)">Zhuhai-1</a> × 5</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apstar_6C" title="Apstar 6C">Apstar 6C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO A</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO B</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangabandhu-1" title="Bangabandhu-1">Bangabandhu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Chang'e 4 Relay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e4#Longjiang_microsatellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang'e4">Longjiang 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Longjiang_microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_CRS_OA-9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus CRS OA-9E">Cygnus CRS OA-9E</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/EnduroSat#Missions" title="EnduroSat">EnduroSat One</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/EQUiSat" title="EQUiSat">EQUiSat</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> × 4</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/RaInCube" title="RaInCube">RaInCube</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_NEXT" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium NEXT">Iridium NEXT</a> 51–55, <a href="/wiki/GRACE_and_GRACE-FO" title="GRACE and GRACE-FO">GRACE-FO 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/GRACE_and_GRACE-FO" title="GRACE and GRACE-FO">GRACE-FO 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SES-12" title="SES-12">SES-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun-2H</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-09" title="Soyuz MS-09">Soyuz MS-09</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Gathering_Satellite" title="Information Gathering Satellite">IGS-Radar 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS-M" title="GLONASS-M">GLONASS-M</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_GLONASS_satellites" title="List of GLONASS satellites">756</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2527" title="Kosmos 2527">Kosmos 2527</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XJSS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XJSS (page does not exist)">XJSS</a> A, B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-15" title="SpaceX CRS-15">Dragon CRS-15</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Biarri-Squad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biarri-Squad (page does not exist)">Biarri-Squad</a> × 3, <a href="/wiki/BHUTAN-1" title="BHUTAN-1">BHUTAN-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya-1" title="Maya-1">Maya-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/UiTMSAT-1" title="UiTMSAT-1">UiTMSAT-1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Remote_Sensing_Satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite">PRSS-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/PakTES-1A" class="mw-redirect" title="PakTES-1A">PakTES-1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">IGSO-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_MS-09" title="Progress MS-09">Progress MS-09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_19V" title="Telstar 19V">Telstar 19V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galileo_satellites" title="List of Galileo satellites">FOC 19–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_NEXT" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium NEXT">Iridium NEXT</a> 56–65</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M5, M6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen</a> 11</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telkom-4" title="Telkom-4">Telkom-4 / Merah Putih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-Aeolus" title="ADM-Aeolus">ADM-Aeolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-3</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M11</a>, <a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-3</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HY_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="HY (satellite)">HY</a>-1C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_18V" title="Telstar 18V">Telstar 18V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICESat-2" title="ICESat-2">ICESat-2</a> — <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology" title="Surrey Satellite Technology">SSTL</a> S1-4, <a href="/w/index.php?title=NovaSAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NovaSAR (page does not exist)">NovaSAR</a>-1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M13, M14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kounotori_7" title="Kounotori 7">Kounotori 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerspace-2" title="Azerspace-2">Azerspace-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intelsat_38" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelsat 38">Intelsat 38</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horizons-3e" title="Horizons-3e">Horizons-3e</a></li> <li>CentiSpace-1-S1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAOCOM_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="SAOCOM 1A">SAOCOM 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan</a> 32A, 32B</li> <li><u><i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-10" title="Soyuz MS-10">Soyuz MS-10</a></i></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M15, M16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEHF-4" class="mw-redirect" title="AEHF-4">AEHF-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HY_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="HY (satellite)">HY</a> 2B</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotos_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotos (satellite) (page does not exist)">Lotos</a>-S1 No. 3 / Kosmos 2528</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weilai-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weilai-1 (page does not exist)">Weilai-1</a></i></li> <li>CFOSAT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOSAT-2" class="mw-redirect" title="GOSAT-2">GOSAT-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/KhalifaSat" title="KhalifaSat">KhalifaSat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diwata-2" title="Diwata-2">Diwata-2</a>B, Stars-AO, AUTcube2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-3</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">G1Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2529</a> / <a href="/wiki/GLONASS-M" title="GLONASS-M">GLONASS-M</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_GLONASS_satellites" title="List of GLONASS satellites">757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetOp" title="MetOp">MetOp-C</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/IRVINE01" class="mw-redirect" title="IRVINE01">IRVINE01</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> × 2</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-29" title="GSAT-29">GSAT-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Es%27hail_2" title="Es'hail 2">Es'hail 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_MS-10" title="Progress MS-10">Progress MS-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_NG-10" title="Cygnus NG-10">Cygnus NG-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-3</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M17</a>, <a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-3</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BeiDou_satellites" title="List of BeiDou satellites">M18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 6-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_(satellites)" title="Mohammed VI (satellites)">Mohammed VI-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HySIS" title="HySIS">HySIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight_Industries#Blacksky" title="Spaceflight Industries">Blacksky Global 1</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/FACSAT-1" title="FACSAT-1">FACSAT-1</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flock_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flock (satellite)">Flock-3r</a> × 16</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kepler_Communications#Satellites_launched" title="Kepler Communications">Kepler 1 <i>CASE</i></a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> × 4</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2530</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2531</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 17</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2532</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-11" title="Soyuz MS-11">Soyuz MS-11</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHERPA_(space_tug)" title="SHERPA (space tug)">SHERPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight_Industries#Blacksky" title="Spaceflight Industries">Blacksky Global 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capella_Space#Satellites" title="Capella Space">Capella 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Student_Earth_Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="European Student Earth Orbiter">ESEO</a>, <a href="/wiki/EuCROPIS" title="EuCROPIS">Eu:CROPIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/FalconSAT" title="FalconSAT">FalconSAT 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICEYE" title="ICEYE">ICEYE X2</a>, <a href="/wiki/SkySat" title="SkySat">SkySat 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/SkySat" title="SkySat">SkySat 15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_Test_Program" title="Space Test Program">STPSat 5</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tavares_Strachan#ENOCH_(2018)" title="Tavares Strachan">ENOCH</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Planet_Labs#Flock" title="Planet Labs">Flock-3s</a> × 3</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/IRVINE02" class="mw-redirect" title="IRVINE02">IRVINE02</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Landmapper" title="Landmapper">Landmapper BC 4</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Follow-on_mission_(MinXSS-2)">MinXSS-2</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Reflector" title="Orbital Reflector">Orbital Reflector</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/PW-Sat_2" class="mw-redirect" title="PW-Sat 2">PW-Sat 2</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/SpaceBEE" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceBEE">SpaceBEE</a> × 3</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-11" title="GSAT-11">GSAT-11</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GEO-KOMPSAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GEO-KOMPSAT (page does not exist)">GEO-KOMPSAT</a> 2A</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-16" title="SpaceX CRS-16">SpaceX CRS-16</a> (<a href="/wiki/TechEdSat#TechEdSat_8" title="TechEdSat">TechEdSat 8</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/UNITE_(satellite)" title="UNITE (satellite)">UNITE</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <a href="/wiki/CubeSail_(UltraSail)" title="CubeSail (UltraSail)">CubeSail</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Repair_Satellite_Prototype" title="Repair Satellite Prototype">RSat-P</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/STF-1" class="mw-redirect" title="STF-1">STF-1</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-7A" title="GSAT-7A">GSAT-7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composante_Spatiale_Optique" title="Composante Spatiale Optique">CSO-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos 2533</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blagovest_(satellite)" title="Blagovest (satellite)">Blagovest</a>-13L</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-289" title="USA-289">USA-289</a> / <a href="/wiki/GPS_IIIA" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS IIIA">GPS IIIA</a>-01</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanopus-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanopus-V (page does not exist)">Kanopus-V</a> No. 5, No. 6, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flock_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flock (satellite)">Flock-3k</a> × 12</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> × 8</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lume-1" title="Lume-1">Lume-1</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunhai-2" title="Yunhai-2">Yunhai-2 01</a> (6 satellites)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&oldid=1250684158">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat&oldid=1250684158</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Student_satellites" title="Category:Student satellites">Student satellites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CubeSats" title="Category:CubeSats">CubeSats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_2015" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 2015">Spacecraft launched in 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Satellites_deployed_from_the_International_Space_Station" title="Category:Satellites deployed from the International Space Station">Satellites deployed from the International Space Station</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_decommissioned_in_2017" title="Category:Spacecraft decommissioned in 2017">Spacecraft decommissioned in 2017</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_August_2016" title="Category:Use American English from August 2016">Use American English from August 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 October 2024, at 21:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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